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Wang JY, Chang HC, Lin CH. Vitamin D is involved in the regulation of Cl - uptake in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 296:111678. [PMID: 38885808 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Cl- is a major anion in the bodily fluids of vertebrates, and maintaining its homeostasis is essential for normal physiological functions. Fishes inhabiting freshwater (FW) passively lose body fluid ions, including Cl-, to the external environment because of the electrochemical gradient of ions across the body surface. Therefore, FW fishes have to actively absorb Cl- from the surroundings to maintain ion homeostasis in their bodily fluids. Hormonal control is vital for modulating ion uptake in fish. Vitamin D is involved in the regulation of Ca2+ uptake and acid secretion in fish. In the present study, we found that the levels of bioactive vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3), significantly increased in zebrafish embryos and adults after exposure to water containing low levels of Cl-. Moreover, the administration of 1α,25(OH)2D3 treatment (20 μg/L) in zebrafish embryos, and intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 1α,25(OH)2D3 (5 μg/kg body mass) in zebrafish adults, resulting the increased Cl- content in bodily fluid in zebrafish. Na+-Cl- cotransporter 2b (NCC2b) and Cl- channel 2c (CLC2c) are specifically expressed during Cl- uptake by ionocytes in zebrafish. Our results indicated that the mRNA and protein expression of NCC2b and CLC2c considerably increased in the zebrafish with exogenous 1α,25(OH)2D3 treatment. Additionally, exogenous 1α,25(OH)2D3 administration increased the number of NCC2b- and CLC2c-expressing cells in yolk skins of zebrafish embryos and the gill filaments of zebrafish adults. Transcript signals of vitamin D receptors (VDRs) were identified in NCC2b-expressing cells. Knockdown of VDRa and VDRb significantly reduced the expression of NCC2b and CLC2c and the number of NCC2b- and CLC2c-expressing cells. These results indicate that vitamin D can affect Cl- uptake in zebrafish and extend our knowledge of the role of vitamin D in fish physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yi Wang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Chang
- Department of Golden-Ager Industry Management, College of Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Lin
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Inokuchi M, Someya Y, Endo K, Kamioka K, Katano W, Takagi W, Honda Y, Ogawa N, Koshiba-Takeuchi K, Ohtani-Kaneko R, Hyodo S. Development of branchial ionocytes in embryonic and larval stages of cloudy catshark, Scyliorhinus torazame. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 397:81-95. [PMID: 38748215 PMCID: PMC11291541 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
In teleost fish, branchial ionocytes are important sites for osmoregulation and acid-base regulation by maintaining ionic balance in the body fluid. During the early developmental stages before the formation of the gills, teleost ionocytes are localized in the yolk-sac membrane and body skin. By comparing with teleost fish, much less is known about ionocytes in developing embryos of elasmobranch fish. The present study investigated the development of ionocytes in the embryo and larva of cloudy catshark, Scyliorhinus torazame. We first observed ionocyte distribution by immunohistochemical staining with anti-Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and anti-vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) antibodies. The NKA- and V-ATPase-rich ionocytes appeared as single cells in the gill filaments from stage 31, the stage of pre-hatching, while the ionocytes on the body skin and yolk-sac membrane were also observed. From stage 32, in addition to single ionocytes on the gill filaments, some outstanding follicular structures of NKA-immunoreactive cells were developed to fill the inter-filament region of the gill septa. The follicular ionocytes possess NKA in the basolateral membrane and Na+/H+ exchanger 3 in the apical membrane, indicating that they are involved in acid-base regulation like single NKA-rich ionocytes. Three-dimensional analysis and whole-mount immunohistochemistry revealed that the distribution of follicular ionocytes was limited to the rostral side of gill septum. The rostral sides of gill septum might be exposed to faster water flow than caudal side because the gills of sharks gently curved backward. This dissymmetric distribution of follicular ionocytes is considered to facilitate efficient body-fluid homeostasis of catshark embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Inokuchi
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
- Department of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan.
| | - Yumiko Someya
- Department of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Keitaro Endo
- Department of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kamioka
- Department of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Wataru Katano
- Department of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Wataru Takagi
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Yuki Honda
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ogawa
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
| | | | | | - Susumu Hyodo
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
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Ota C, Nagashima A, Kato A. Electroneutral Na +/Cl - cotransport activity of zebrafish Slc12a10.1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 327:R152-R163. [PMID: 38842519 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00096.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Na+/Cl- cotransporter 2 (Ncc2 or Slc12a10) is a membrane transport protein that belongs to the electroneutral cation-chloride cotransporter family. The Slc12a10 gene (slc12a10) is widely present in bony vertebrates but is deleted or pseudogenized in birds, some bony fishes, and most mammals. Slc12a10 is highly homologous to Ncc (Slc12a3 or Ncc1); however, there are only a few reports measuring the activity of Slc12a10. In this study, we focused on zebrafish Slc12a10.1 (zSlc12a10.1) and analyzed its activity using Xenopus oocyte electrophysiology. Analysis using Na+-selective microelectrodes showed that intracellular sodium activity (aNai) in zSlc12a10.1 oocytes was significantly decreased in Na+- or Cl--free medium and recovered when Na+ or Cl- was readded to the medium. Similar analysis using a Cl--selective microelectrode showed that intracellular chloride activity (aCli) in zSlc12a10.1 oocytes significantly decreased in Na+- or Cl--free medium and recovered when Na+ or Cl- was readded to the medium. When a similar experiment was performed with a voltage clamp, the membrane current did not change when aNai of zSlc12a10.1 oocytes was decreased in Na+-free medium. Molecular phylogenetic and synteny analyses suggest that gene duplication between slc12a10.2 and slc12a10.3 in zebrafish is a relatively recent event, whereas gene duplication between slc12a10.1 and the ancestral gene of slc12a10.2/slc12a10.3 occurred at least about 2 million years ago. slc12a10 deficiency was observed in species belonging to Ictaluridae, Salmoniformes, Osmeriformes, Batrachoididae, Syngnathiformes, Gobiesociformes, Labriformes, and Tetraodontiformes. These results indicate that zebrafish Slc12a10.1 is an electroneutral Na+/Cl-cotransporter and establish its evolutionary position among various teleost slc12a10 paralogs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Na+/Cl- cotransporter 2 (Slc12a10; Ncc2) is a protein highly homologous to Ncc (Slc12a3; Ncc1); however, there are only a few reports measuring the activity of Slc12a10. Electrophysiological analysis of Xenopus oocytes expressing zebrafish Slc12a10.1 showed that Slc12a10.1 acts as an electroneutral Na+/Cl-cotransporter. This is the third report on the activity of Slc12a10, following previous reports on Slc12a10 in eels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Ota
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ayumi Nagashima
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akira Kato
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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Blondeau-Bidet E, Tine M, Gonzalez AA, Guinand B, Lorin-Nebel C. Coping with salinity extremes: Gill transcriptome profiling in the black-chinned tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172620. [PMID: 38642748 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Steeper and sometimes extreme salinity gradients increasingly affect aquatic organisms because of climate change. Hypersalinity habitats demand powerful physiological adaptive strategies. Few teleost species have the capacity to spend their whole life cycle in salinities way over seawater levels. Focusing on the multifunctional gill, we unraveled the tilapia S. melanotheron key strategies to cope with different environmental conditions, ranging from freshwater up to hypersaline habitats. De novo transcriptome assembly based on RNAseq allowed for the analysis of 40,967 annotated transcripts among samples collected in three wild populations at 0, 40 and 80 ‰. A trend analysis of the expression patterns revealed responses across the salinity gradient with different gene pathways involved. Genes linked to ion transport, pH regulation and cell surface receptor signaling were mainly upregulated in the high salinity habitat. We identified tight junction proteins that were critical in high salinity habitats and that were different from the well-known tightening junctional proteins identified and expressed in fresh water. Expression profiles also suggest a change in the vascular tone that could be linked to an osmorespiratory compromise not only in fresh water, but also in high salinity environments. A striking downregulation of genes linked to the immune system and to the heat shock response was observed suggesting an energetic trade-off between immunity and acclimation/adaptation in the hypersaline habitat. The high expression of transcripts coding for immune and heat shock response in the freshwater habitat suggests the establishment of powerful mechanisms to protect gills from environmental threats and to maintain protein integrity. Non-directional expression trends were also detected with an upregulation of genes only in the hypersaline habitat (80 ‰) or only in the marine habitat (40 ‰). Unravel physiological strategies in S. melanotheron populations will help to better understand the molecular basis of fish euryhalinity in salinity-contrasted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mbaye Tine
- UFR of Agricultural Sciences, Aquaculture and Food Technologies (UFR S2ATA), Gaston Berger University, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | | | - Bruno Guinand
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Zimmer AM. Ammonia excretion by the fish gill: discoveries and ideas that shaped our current understanding. J Comp Physiol B 2024:10.1007/s00360-024-01561-5. [PMID: 38849577 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The fish gill serves many physiological functions, among which is the excretion of ammonia, the primary nitrogenous waste in most fishes. Although it is the end-product of nitrogen metabolism, ammonia serves many physiological functions including acting as an acid equivalent and as a counter-ion in mechanisms of ion regulation. Our current understanding of the mechanisms of ammonia excretion have been influenced by classic experimental work, clever mechanistic approaches, and modern molecular and genetic techniques. In this review, I will overview the history of the study of ammonia excretion by the gills of fishes, highlighting the important advancements that have shaped this field with a nearly 100-year history. The developmental and evolutionary implications of an ammonia and gill-dominated nitrogen regulation strategy in most fishes will also be discussed. Throughout the review, I point to areas in which more work is needed to push forward this field of research that continues to produce novel insights and discoveries that will undoubtedly shape our overall understanding of fish physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Zimmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada.
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Nagashima A, Torii K, Ota C, Kato A. slc26a12-A novel member of the slc26 family, is located in tandem with slc26a2 in coelacanths, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16089. [PMID: 38828713 PMCID: PMC11145369 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier family 26 (Slc26) is a family of anion exchangers with 11 members in mammals (named Slc26a1-a11). Here, we identified a novel member of the slc26 family, slc26a12, located in tandem with slc26a2 in the genomes of several vertebrate lineages. BLAST and synteny analyses of various jawed vertebrate genome databases revealed that slc26a12 is present in coelacanths, amphibians, reptiles, and birds but not in cartilaginous fishes, lungfish, mammals, or ray-finned fishes. In some avian and reptilian lineages such as owls, penguins, egrets, and ducks, and most turtles examined, slc26a12 was lost or pseudogenized. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Slc26a12 formed an independent branch with the other Slc26 members and Slc26a12, Slc26a1 and Slc26a2 formed a single branch, suggesting that these three members formed a subfamily in Slc26. In jawless fish, hagfish have two genes homologous to slc26a2 and slc26a12, whereas lamprey has a single gene homologous to slc26a2. African clawed frogs express slc26a12 in larval gills, skin, and fins. These results show that slc26a12 was present at least before the separation of lobe-finned fish and tetrapods; the name slc26a12 is appropriate because the gene duplication occurred in the distant past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Nagashima
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Kota Torii
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Chihiro Ota
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Akira Kato
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
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Kovac A, Goss GG. Cellular mechanisms of ion and acid-base regulation in teleost gill ionocytes. J Comp Physiol B 2024:10.1007/s00360-024-01560-6. [PMID: 38761226 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism(s) of sodium, chloride and pH regulation in teleost fishes has been the subject of intense interest for researchers over the past 100 years. The primary organ responsible for ionoregulatory homeostasis is the gill, and more specifically, gill ionocytes. Building on the theoretical and experimental research of the past, recent advances in molecular and cellular techniques in the past two decades have allowed for substantial advances in our understanding of mechanisms involved. With an increased diversity of teleost species and environmental conditions being investigated, it has become apparent that there are multiple strategies and mechanisms employed to achieve ion and acid-base homeostasis. This review will cover the historical developments in our understanding of the teleost fish gill, highlight some of the recent advances and conflicting information in our understanding of ionocyte function, and serve to identify areas that require further investigation to improve our understanding of complex cellular and molecular machineries involved in iono- and acid-base regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Kovac
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Greg G Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada.
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Breves JP, Shaughnessy CA. Endocrine control of gill ionocyte function in euryhaline fishes. J Comp Physiol B 2024:10.1007/s00360-024-01555-3. [PMID: 38739280 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01555-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The endocrine system is an essential regulator of the osmoregulatory organs that enable euryhaline fishes to maintain hydromineral balance in a broad range of environmental salinities. Because branchial ionocytes are the primary site for the active exchange of Na+, Cl-, and Ca2+ with the external environment, their functional regulation is inextricably linked with adaptive responses to changes in salinity. Here, we review the molecular-level processes that connect osmoregulatory hormones with branchial ion transport. We focus on how factors such as prolactin, growth hormone, cortisol, and insulin-like growth-factors operate through their cognate receptors to direct the expression of specific ion transporters/channels, Na+/K+-ATPases, tight-junction proteins, and aquaporins in ion-absorptive (freshwater-type) and ion-secretory (seawater-type) ionocytes. While these connections have historically been deduced in teleost models, more recently, increased attention has been given to understanding the nature of these connections in basal lineages. We conclude our review by proposing areas for future investigation that aim to fill gaps in the collective understanding of how hormonal signaling underlies ionocyte-based processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Breves
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA.
| | - Ciaran A Shaughnessy
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
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Gonzalez RJ, Patrick ML, Val AL. Ion uptake in naturally acidic water. J Comp Physiol B 2024:10.1007/s00360-024-01552-6. [PMID: 38652292 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The first studies on ion regulation in fish exposed to low pH, which were inspired by the Acid Rain environmental crisis, seemed to indicate that ion transport at the gills was completely and irreversibly inhibited at pH 4.0-4.5 and below. However, work on characid fish native to the Rio Negro, a naturally acidic, blackwater tributary of the Amazon River, found that they possess ion transport mechanisms that are completely insensitive to pHs as low as 3.25. As more species were examined it appeared that pH-insensitive transport was a trait shared by many, if not most, species in the Order Characiformes. Subsequently, a few other species of fish have been shown to be able to transport ions at low pH, in particular zebrafish (Danio rerio), which show rapid recovery of Na+ uptake at pH 4.0 after initial inhibition. Measurements of rates of Na+ transport during exposure to pharmacological agents that inhibit various transport proteins suggested that characiform fish do not utilize the generally accepted mechanisms for Na+ transport that rely on some form of H+ extrusion. Examination of zebrafish transport at low pH suggest the rapid recovery may be due to a novel Na+/K+ exchanger, but after longer term exposure they may rely on a coupling of Na+/H+ exchangers and NH3 excretion. Further work is needed to clarify these mechanisms of transport and to find other acid-tolerant species to fully gain an appreciation of the diversity of physiological mechansisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcalá Park, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA.
| | - M L Patrick
- Department of Biology, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcalá Park, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA
| | - A L Val
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia E Evolução Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
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Caneos WG, Shrivastava J, Ndugwa M, De Boeck G. Physiological responses of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) exposed to increased carbon dioxide and reduced seawater salinities. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:496. [PMID: 38587695 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The iono- and osmoregulatory capacities of marine teleosts, such as European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) are expected to be challenged by high carbon dioxide exposure, and the adverse effects of elevated CO2 could be amplified when such fish migrate into less buffered hypo-osmotic estuarine environments. Therefore, the effects of increased CO2 on the physiological responses of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) acclimated to 32 ppt, 10 ppt and 2.5 ppt were investigated. METHODS Following acclimation to different salinities for two weeks, fish were exposed to present-day (400 µatm) and future (1000 µatm) atmospheric CO2 for 1, 3, 7 and 21 days. Blood pH, plasma ions (Na+, K+, Cl-), branchial mRNA expression of ion transporters such as Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), Na+/K+/2Cl- co-transporters (NKCC) and ammonia transporters (e.g. Rhesus glycoproteins Rhbg, Rhcg1 and Rhcg2) were examined to understand the iono- and osmoregulatory consequences of elevated CO2. RESULTS A transient but significant increase in the blood pH of exposed fish acclimated at 10 ppt (day 1) and 2.5 ppt (day 21) was observed possibly due to an overshoot of the blood HCO3- accumulation while a significant reduction of blood pH was observed after 21 days at 2.5ppt. However, no change was seen at 32 ppt. Generally, Na + concentration of control fish was relatively higher at 10 ppt and lower at 2.5 ppt compared to 32 ppt control group at all sampling periods. Additionally, NKA was upregulated in gill of juvenile sea bass when acclimated to lower salinities compared to 32 ppt control group. CO2 exposure generally downregulated NKA mRNA expression at 32ppt (day 1), 10 ppt (days 3, 7 and 21) and 2.5ppt (days 1 and 7) and also a significant reduction of NKCC mRNA level of the exposed fish acclimated at 32 ppt (1-3 days) and 10 ppt (7-21 days) was observed. Furthermore, Rhesus glycoproteins were generally upregulated in the fish acclimated at lower salinities indicating a higher dependance on gill ammonia excretion. Increased CO2 led to a reduced expression of Rhbg and may therefore reduce ammonia excretion rate. CONCLUSION Juvenile sea bass were relatively successful in keeping acid base balance under an ocean acidification scenario. However, this came at a cost for ionoregulation with reduced NKA, NKCC and Rhbg expression rates as a consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren G Caneos
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp, BE-2020, Belgium.
- Fisheries Department, College of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Mindanao State University-Marawi, Marawi City, 9700, Philippines.
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200, Philippines.
| | - Jyotsna Shrivastava
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp, BE-2020, Belgium
| | - Moses Ndugwa
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp, BE-2020, Belgium
| | - Gudrun De Boeck
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp, BE-2020, Belgium
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Con P, Hamar J, Biran J, Kültz D, Cnaani A. Cell-based homologous expression system for in-vitro characterization of environmental effects on transmembrane peptide transport in fish. Curr Res Physiol 2024; 7:100118. [PMID: 38298473 PMCID: PMC10825657 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
All organisms encounter environmental changes that lead to physiological adjustments that could drive evolutionary adaptations. The ability to adjust performance in order to cope with environmental changes depends on the organism's physiological plasticity. These adjustments can be reflected in behavioral, physiological, and molecular changes, which interact and affect each other. Deciphering the role of molecular adjustments in physiological changes will help to understand how multiple levels of biological organization are synchronized during adaptations. Transmembrane transporters, which facilitate a cell's interaction with its surroundings, are prime targets for molecular studies of the environmental effects on an organism's physiology. Fish are subjected to environmental fluctuations and exhibit different coping mechanisms. To study the molecular adjustments of fish transporters to their external surrounding, suitable experimental systems must be established. The Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) is an excellent model for environmental stress studies, due to its extreme salinity tolerance. We established a homologous cellular-based expression system and uptake assay that allowed us to study the effects of environmental conditions on transmembrane transport. We applied our expression system to investigate the effects of environmental conditions on the activity of PepT2, a transmembrane transporter critical in the absorption of dietary peptides and drugs. We created a stable, modified fish cell-line, in which we exogenously expressed the tilapia PepT2, and tested the effects of water temperature and salinity on the uptake of a fluorescent di-peptide, β-Ala-Lys-AMCA. While temperature affected only Vmax, medium salinity had a bi-directional effect, with significantly reduced Vmax in hyposaline conditions and significantly increased Km in hypersaline conditions. These assays demonstrate the importance of suitable experimental systems for fish ecophysiology studies. Furthermore, our in-vitro results show how the effect of hypersaline conditions on the transporter activity can explain expression shifts seen in the intestine of saltwater-acclimated fish, emphasizing the importance of complimentary studies in better understanding environmental physiology. This research highlights the advantages of using homologous expression systems to study environmental effects encountered by fish, in a relevant cellular context. The presented tools and methods can be adapted to study other transporters in-vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pazit Con
- Department of Poultry and Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jens Hamar
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jakob Biran
- Department of Poultry and Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Dietmar Kültz
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Avner Cnaani
- Department of Poultry and Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Peng H, Wang H, Li W, Jing C, Zhang W, Zhao H, Hu F. Life-cycle exposure to tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) causes alterations in antioxidative status, ion regulation and histology of zebrafish gills. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 274:109746. [PMID: 37717676 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) has been receiving great concerns owing to its ubiquitous occurrence in various environmental compartments and potential risks to wildlife and humans. Gill is structural basis for ion regulation and homeostasis in fish and susceptible to xenobiotics. However, current knowledge on the impacts of long-term exposure to TCEP on the structure and physiological function of fish gills are insufficient. In this work, zebrafish were exposed to environmental realistic concentrations (0.8, 4, 20 and 100 μg/L) of TCEP from 3 h post ferterlization (hpf) till 120 days post ferterlization (dpf). Our results demonstrated that life-cycle exposure to TCEP significantly decreased the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST), but elevated the activities of antioxidative enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in zebrafish gills. Gene transcription analysis implied that the mRNA expressions of antioxidant-related genes (nrf2, cat and nqo1) were induced, while the transcription of gstα1, hmox1, keap1 were down-regulated, indicating that Nrf2-Keap1 pathway might be activated to defend the oxidative stress induced by TCEP. Additionally, the ion homeostasis was disrupted by TCEP exposure, evidenced by reduced activities of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), Ca2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase and downregulated transcription levels of ncc, nkcc, cftr and clc-3. Besides, whole-life exposure to TCEP resulted in a series of structural damages to gills, including epithelial lifting, epithelial rupture, telangiectasis, vacuolation, edema and shortened gill lamellae. Overall, our results demonstrated that long-term TCEP exposure could induce oxidative stress, affect ion regulation and cause histological changes in zebrafish gills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangke Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hongkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chen Jing
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Haocheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fengxiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Tresguerres M, Kwan GT, Weinrauch A. Evolving views of ionic, osmotic and acid-base regulation in aquatic animals. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245747. [PMID: 37522267 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of ionic, osmotic and acid-base (IOAB) conditions in biological fluids is among the most fundamental functions in all organisms; being surrounded by water uniquely shapes the IOAB regulatory strategies of water-breathing animals. Throughout its centennial history, Journal of Experimental Biology has established itself as a premier venue for publication of comparative, environmental and evolutionary studies on IOAB regulation. This Review provides a synopsis of IOAB regulation in aquatic animals, some of the most significant research milestones in the field, and evolving views about the underlying cellular mechanisms and their evolutionary implications. It also identifies promising areas for future research and proposes ideas for enhancing the impact of aquatic IOAB research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tresguerres
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Garfield T Kwan
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alyssa Weinrauch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M5, Canada
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14
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Motoshima T, Nagashima A, Ota C, Oka H, Hosono K, Braasch I, Nishihara H, Kato A. Na +/Cl - cotransporter 2 is not fish-specific and is widely found in amphibians, non-avian reptiles, and select mammals. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:113-131. [PMID: 36645671 PMCID: PMC9988527 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00143.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier 12 (Slc12) is a family of electroneutral cation-coupled chloride (Cl-) cotransporters. Na+/K+/2Cl- (Nkcc) and Na+/Cl- cotransporters (Ncc) belong to the Nkcc/Ncc subfamily. Human and mouse possess one gene for the Na+/Cl- cotransporter (ncc gene: slc12a3), whereas teleost fishes possess multiple ncc genes, slc12a3 (ncc1) and slc12a10 (ncc2), in addition to their species-specific paralogs. Amphibians and squamates have two ncc genes: slc12a3 (ncc1) and ncc3. However, the evolutionary relationship between slc12a10 and ncc3 remains unresolved, and the presence of slc12a10 (ncc2) in mammals has not been clarified. Synteny and phylogenetic analyses of vertebrate genome databases showed that ncc3 is the ortholog of slc12a10, and slc12a10 is present in most ray-finned fishes, coelacanths, amphibians, reptiles, and a few mammals (e.g., platypus and horse) but pseudogenized or deleted in birds, most mammals, and some ray-finned fishes (pufferfishes). This shows that slc12a10 is widely present among bony vertebrates and pseudogenized or deleted independently in multiple lineages. Notably, as compared with some fish that show varied slc12a10 tissue expression profile, spotted gar, African clawed frog, red-eared slider turtle, and horse express slc12a10 in the ovaries or premature gonads. In horse tissues, an unexpectedly large number of splicing variants for Slc12a10 have been cloned, many of which encode truncated forms of Slc12a10, suggesting that the functional constraints of horse slc12a10 are weakened, which may be in the process of becoming a pseudogene. Our results elaborate on the evolution of Nkcc/Ncc subfamily of Slc12 in vertebrates.NEW & NOTEWORTHY slc12a10 is not a fish-specific gene and is present in a few mammals (e.g., platypus and horse), non-avian reptiles, amphibians, but was pseudogenized or deleted in most mammals (e.g., human, mouse, cat, cow, and rhinoceros), birds, and some ray-finned fishes (pufferfishes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toya Motoshima
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ayumi Nagashima
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ota
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Haruka Oka
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kohei Hosono
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ingo Braasch
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Hidenori Nishihara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akira Kato
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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15
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Hedén I, Sundell K, Jönsson E, Sundh H. The role of environmental salinity on Na +-dependent intestinal amino acid uptake in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Sci Rep 2022; 12:22205. [PMID: 36564520 PMCID: PMC9789053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Na+/K+-ATPases (NKA) in the basolateral membrane of the intestinal enterocytes create a Na+-gradient that drives both ion-coupled fluid uptake and nutrient transport. Being dependent on the same gradient as well as on the environmental salinity, these processes have the potential to affect each other. In salmonids, L-lysine absorption has been shown to be higher in freshwater (FW) than in seawater (SW) acclimated fish. Using electrophysiology (Ussing chamber technique), the aim was to explore if the decrease in L-lysine transport was due to allocation of the Na+-gradient towards ion-driven fluid uptake in SW, at the cost of amino acid transport. Intestinal NKA activity was higher in SW compared to FW fish. Exposure to ouabain, an inhibitor of NKA, decreased L-lysine transport. However, exposure to bumetanide and hydrochlorothiazide, inhibitors of Na+, K+, 2Cl--co-transporter (NKCC) and Na+, Cl--co-transporter (NCC) respectively, did not affect the rate of intestinal L-lysine transport. In conclusion, L-lysine transport is Na+-dependent in rainbow trout and the NKA activity and thus the available Na+-gradient increases after SW acclimation. This increased Na+-gradient is most likely directed towards osmoregulation, as amino acid transport is not compromised in SW acclimated fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Hedén
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582The Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and SWEMARC (Swedish Mariculture Research Centre), The University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18A, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Sundell
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582The Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and SWEMARC (Swedish Mariculture Research Centre), The University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18A, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Jönsson
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582The Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and SWEMARC (Swedish Mariculture Research Centre), The University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18A, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Sundh
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582The Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and SWEMARC (Swedish Mariculture Research Centre), The University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18A, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
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16
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Lee CE, Charmantier G, Lorin-Nebel C. Mechanisms of Na + uptake from freshwater habitats in animals. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1006113. [PMID: 36388090 PMCID: PMC9644288 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1006113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Life in fresh water is osmotically and energetically challenging for living organisms, requiring increases in ion uptake from dilute environments. However, mechanisms of ion uptake from freshwater environments are still poorly understood and controversial, especially in arthropods, for which several hypothetical models have been proposed based on incomplete data. One compelling model involves the proton pump V-type H+ ATPase (VHA), which energizes the apical membrane, enabling the uptake of Na+ (and other cations) via an unknown Na+ transporter (referred to as the "Wieczorek Exchanger" in insects). What evidence exists for this model of ion uptake and what is this mystery exchanger or channel that cooperates with VHA? We present results from studies that explore this question in crustaceans, insects, and teleost fish. We argue that the Na+/H+ antiporter (NHA) is a likely candidate for the Wieczorek Exchanger in many crustaceans and insects; although, there is no evidence that this is the case for fish. NHA was discovered relatively recently in animals and its functions have not been well characterized. Teleost fish exhibit redundancy of Na+ uptake pathways at the gill level, performed by different ion transporter paralogs in diverse cell types, apparently enabling tolerance of low environmental salinity and various pH levels. We argue that much more research is needed on overall mechanisms of ion uptake from freshwater habitats, especially on NHA and other potential Wieczorek Exchangers. Such insights gained would contribute greatly to our general understanding of ionic regulation in diverse species across habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Eunmi Lee
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Guy Charmantier
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
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17
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Seale AP, Breves JP. Endocrine and osmoregulatory responses to tidally-changing salinities in fishes. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 326:114071. [PMID: 35697315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the main physical properties that govern the distribution of fishes across aquatic habitats. In order to maintain their body fluids near osmotic set points in the face of salinity changes, euryhaline fishes rely upon tissue-level osmotically-induced responses and systemic endocrine signaling to direct adaptive ion-transport processes in the gill and other critical osmoregulatory organs. Some euryhaline teleosts inhabit tidally influenced waters such as estuaries where salinity can vary between fresh water (FW) and seawater (SW). The physiological adaptations that underlie euryhalinity in teleosts have been traditionally identified in fish held under steady-state conditions or following unidirectional transfers between FW and SW. Far fewer studies have employed salinity regimes that simulate the tidal cycles that some euryhaline fishes may experience in their native habitats. With an emphasis on prolactin (Prl) signaling and branchial ionocytes, this mini-review contrasts the physiological responses between euryhaline fish responding to tidal versus unidirectional changes in salinity. Three patterns that emerged from studying Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) subjected to tidally-changing salinities include, 1) fish can compensate for continuous and marked changes in external salinity to maintain osmoregulatory parameters within narrow ranges, 2) tilapia maintain branchial ionocyte populations in a fashion similar to SW-acclimated fish, and 3) there is a shift from systemic to local modulation of Prl signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre P Seale
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Jason P Breves
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
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18
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Xing S, Li P, He S, Cao Z, Wang X, Cao X, Liu B, Chen C, You H, Li ZH. Physiological responses in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) induced by combined stress of environmental salinity and triphenyltin. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 180:105736. [PMID: 36049432 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyltin (TPT) has attracted considerable attention owing to its vitality, bioaccumulation, and lurking damage. TPT widely exists in complex salinity areas such as estuaries and coastal regions. However, there are few studies on the toxicological behavior of TPT under different salinity. In the study, juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were utilized as model animals to investigate the effects of environmental relevant TPT exposure on the osmoregulation and energy metabolism in gill under different salinity. The results showed that salinity and TPT single or combined exposure affected the morphology of the gill tissue. After TPT exposure, Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA) activity significantly decreased at 0 ppt, while NKA and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase (CMA) activities significantly increased at 15 ppt. In addition, significantly higher succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were found in the control fish compared to the TPT-exposed ones at 15 ppt. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that TPT exposure affected the expression of osmoregulation and energy metabolism-related genes under different salinity. Overall, TPT exposure interfered with osmoregulation and energy metabolism under different salinity. The study will provide reference data for assessing the toxicity of organotin compounds in complex-salinity areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Xing
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Ping Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Shuwen He
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Zhihan Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Xuqian Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Chengzhuang Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Hong You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources & Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China.
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19
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Breves JP, Puterbaugh KM, Bradley SE, Hageman AE, Verspyck AJ, Shaw LH, Danielson EC, Hou Y. Molecular targets of prolactin in mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus): Ion transporters/channels, aquaporins, and claudins. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 325:114051. [PMID: 35533740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin (Prl) was identified over 60 years ago in mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) as a "freshwater (FW)-adapting hormone", yet the cellular and molecular targets of Prl in this model teleost have remained unknown. Here, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of two mummichog Prl receptors (Prlrs), designated Prlra and Prlrb, prior to describing the tissue- and salinity-dependent expression of their associated mRNAs. We then administered ovine Prl (oPrl) to mummichogs held in brackish water and characterized the expression of genes associated with FW- and seawater (SW)-type ionocytes. Within FW-type ionocytes, oPrl stimulated the expression of Na+/Cl- cotransporter 2 (ncc2) and aquaporin 3 (aqp3). Alternatively, branchial Na+/H+ exchanger 2 and -3 (nhe2 and -3) expression did not respond to oPrl. Gene transcripts associated with SW-type ionocytes, including Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter 1 (nkcc1), cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator 1 (cftr1), and claudin 10f (cldn10f) were reduced by oPrl. Isolated gill filaments incubated with oPrl in vitro exhibited elevated ncc2 and prlra expression. Given the role of Aqps in supporting gastrointestinal fluid absorption, we assessed whether several intestinal aqp transcripts were responsive to oPrl and found that aqp1a and -8 levels were reduced by oPrl. Our collective data indicate that Prl promotes FW-acclimation in mummichogs by orchestrating the expression of solute transporters/channels, water channels, and tight-junction proteins across multiple osmoregulatory organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Breves
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.
| | - Katie M Puterbaugh
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - Serena E Bradley
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - Annie E Hageman
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - Adrian J Verspyck
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - Lydia H Shaw
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Danielson
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - Yubo Hou
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
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20
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Fan Y, Feng J, Xie N, Ling F, Wang Z, Ma K, Hua X, Li J. RNA-seq Provides Novel Insights into Response to Acute Salinity Stress in Oriental River Prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:820-829. [PMID: 35915287 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense is an important aquaculture species in China, Vietnam, and Japan. This species could survive in the salinity ranging from 7 to 20 ppt and accelerate growth in the salinity of 7 ppt. To identify the genes and pathways in response to acute high salinity stress, M. nipponense was exposed to the acute high salinity of 25 ppt. Total RNA from hepatopancreas, gills, and muscle tissues was isolated and then sequenced using high-throughput sequencing method. Differentially expressed genes (DGEs) were identified, and a total of 632, 836, and 1246 DEGs with a cutoff of significant twofold change were differentially expressed in the hepatopancreas, gills, and muscle tissues, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathway enrichment analyses were conducted. These DEGs were involved in the GO terms of cellular process, metabolic process, membrane, organelle, binding, and catalytic activity. The DEGs of hepatopancreas and gill tissues were mainly enriched in PPAR signaling pathway, longevity regulating pathway, protein digestion and absorption, and the DEGs of muscle tissue in arginine biosynthesis, adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, cardiac muscle contraction, and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. Real-time PCR conducted with fifteen selected DEGs indicated high reliability of digital analysis using RNA-Seq. The results indicated that the M. nipponense may regulate essential mechanisms such as metabolism, oxidative stress, and ion exchange to adapt the alternation of environment, when exposed to acute high salinity stress. This work reveals the numbers of genes modified by salinity stress and some important pathways, which could provide a comprehensive insight into the molecular responses to high salinity stress in M. nipponense and further boost the understanding of the potential molecular mechanisms of adaptation to salinity stress for euryhaline crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoran Fan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Xie
- Hangzhou Fishery Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feiyue Ling
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zefei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Su M, Liu N, Zhang Z, Zhang J. Osmoregulatory strategies of estuarine fish Scatophagus argus in response to environmental salinity changes. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:545. [PMID: 35907798 PMCID: PMC9339187 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scatophagus argus, an estuarine inhabitant, can rapidly adapt to different salinity environments. However, the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying its strong salinity tolerance remains unclear. The gill, as the main osmoregulatory organ, plays a vital role in the salinity adaptation of the fish, and thus relative studies are constructive to reveal unique osmoregulatory mechanisms in S. argus. RESULTS In the present study, iTRAQ coupled with nanoLC-MS/MS techniques were employed to explore branchial osmoregulatory mechanisms in S. argus acclimated to different salinities. Among 1,604 identified proteins, 796 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected. To further assess osmoregulatory strategies in the gills under different salinities, DEPs related to osmoregulatory (22), non-directional (18), hypo- (52), and hypersaline (40) stress responses were selected. Functional annotation analysis of these selected DEPs indicated that the cellular ion regulation (e.g. Na+-K+-ATPase [NKA] and Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 1 [NKCC1]) and ATP synthesis were deeply involved in the osmoregulatory process. As an osmoregulatory protein, NKCC1 expression was inhibited under hyposaline stress but showed the opposite trend in hypersaline conditions. The expression levels of NKA α1 and β1 were only increased under hypersaline challenge. However, hyposaline treatments could enhance branchial NKA activity, which was inhibited under hypersaline environments, and correspondingly, reduced ATP content was observed in gill tissues exposed to hyposaline conditions, while its contents were increased in hypersaline groups. In vitro experiments indicated that Na+, K+, and Cl- ions were pumped out of branchial cells under hypoosmotic stress, whereas they were absorbed into cells under hyperosmotic conditions. Based on our results, we speculated that NKCC1-mediated Na+ influx was inhibited, and proper Na+ efflux was maintained by improving NKA activity under hyposaline stress, promoting the rapid adaptation of branchial cells to the hyposaline condition. Meanwhile, branchial cells prevented excessive loss of ions by increasing NKA internalization and reducing ATP synthesis. In contrast, excess ions in cells exposed to the hyperosmotic medium were excreted with sufficient energy supply, and reduced NKA activity and enhanced NKCC1-mediated Na+ influx were considered a compensatory regulation. CONCLUSIONS S. argus exhibited divergent osmoregulatory strategies in the gills when encountering hypoosmotic and hyperosmotic stresses, facilitating effective adaptabilities to a wide range of environmental salinity fluctuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoliang Su
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Nanxi Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhengqi Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Junbin Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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22
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Inokuchi M, Yamaguchi Y, Moorman BP, Seale AP. Age-Dependent Decline in Salinity Tolerance in a Euryhaline Fish. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:675395. [PMID: 35822031 PMCID: PMC9261306 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.675395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Euryhaline teleost fish are characterized by their ability to tolerate a wide range of environmental salinities by modifying the function of osmoregulatory cells and tissues. In this study, we experimentally addressed the age-related decline in the sensitivity of osmoregulatory transcripts associated with a transfer from fresh water (FW) to seawater (SW) in the euryhaline teleost, Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. The survival rates of tilapia transferred from FW to SW were inversely related with age, indicating that older fish require a longer acclimation period during a salinity challenge. The relative expression of Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter 1a (nkcc1a), which plays an important role in hyposmoregulation, was significantly upregulated in younger fish after SW transfer, indicating a clear effect of age in the sensitivity of branchial ionocytes. Prolactin (Prl), a hyperosmoregulatory hormone in O. mossambicus, is released in direct response to a fall in extracellular osmolality. Prl cells of 4-month-old tilapia were sensitive to hyposmotic stimuli, while those of >24-month-old fish did not respond. Moreover, the responsiveness of branchial ionocytes to Prl was more robust in younger fish. Taken together, multiple aspects of osmotic homeostasis, from osmoreception to hormonal and environmental control of osmoregulation, declined in older fish. This decline appears to undermine the ability of older fish to survive transfer to hyperosmotic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Inokuchi
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamaguchi
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Benjamin P Moorman
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kaneohe, HI, United States
| | - Andre P Seale
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kaneohe, HI, United States.,Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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23
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Inokuchi M, Hiroi J, Kaneko T. Why can Mozambique Tilapia Acclimate to Both Freshwater and Seawater? Insights From the Plasticity of Ionocyte Functions in the Euryhaline Teleost. Front Physiol 2022; 13:914277. [PMID: 35711299 PMCID: PMC9194847 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.914277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In teleost fishes, ionocytes in the gills are important osmoregulatory sites in maintaining ionic balance. During the embryonic stages before the formation of the gills, ionocytes are located in the yolk-sac membrane and body skin. In Mozambique tilapia embryos, quintuple-color immunofluorescence staining allowed us to classify ionocytes into four types: type I, showing only basolateral Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) staining; type II, basolateral NKA and apical Na+, Cl− cotransporter 2; type III, basolateral NKA, basolateral Na+, K+, 2Cl− cotransporter 1a (NKCC1a) and apical Na+/H+ exchanger 3; and type IV, basolateral NKA, basolateral NKCC1a and apical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Cl− channel. The ionocyte population consisted mostly of type I, type II and type III in freshwater, while type I and IV dominated in seawater. In adult tilapia, dual observations of whole-mount immunocytochemistry and scanning electron microscopy showed morphofunctional alterations in ionocytes. After transfer from freshwater to seawater, while type-II ionocytes closed their apical openings to suspend ion absorption, type-III ionocytes with a concave surface were transformed into type IV with a pit via a transitory surface. The proposed model of functional classification of ionocytes can account not only for ion uptake in freshwater and ion secretion in seawater, but also for plasticity in ion-transporting functions of ionocytes in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Inokuchi
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Junya Hiroi
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Toyoji Kaneko
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
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24
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Peter MCS, Gayathry R, Peter VS. Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide System as a Biomarker for Stress and Ease Response in Fish: Implication on Na+ Homeostasis During Hypoxia. Front Physiol 2022; 13:821300. [PMID: 35655956 PMCID: PMC9152262 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.821300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular and organismal response to stressor-driven stimuli evokes stress response in vertebrates including fishes. Fishes have evolved varied patterns of stress response, including ionosmotic stress response, due to their sensitivity to both intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. Fishes that experience hypoxia, a detrimental stressor that imposes systemic and cellular stress response, can evoke disturbed ion homeostasis. In addition, like other vertebrates, fishes have also developed mechanisms to recover from the impact of stress by way of shifting stress response into ease response that could reduce the magnitude of stress response with the aid of certain neuroendocrine signals. Nitric oxide (NO) has been identified as a potent molecule that attenuates the impact of ionosmotic stress response in fish, particularly during hypoxia stress. Limited information is, however, available on this important aspect of ion transport physiology that contributes to the mechanistic understanding of survival during environmental challenges. The present review, thus, discusses the role of NO in Na+ homeostasis in fish particularly in stressed conditions. Isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) are essential for the synthesis and availability of NO at the cellular level. The NOS/NO system, thus, appears as a unique molecular drive that performs both regulatory and integrative mechanisms of control within and across varied fish ionocytes. The activation of the inducible NOS (iNOS)/NO system during hypoxia stress and its action on the dynamics of Na+/K+-ATPase, an active Na+ transporter in fish ionocytes, reveal that the iNOS/NO system controls cellular and systemic Na+ transport in stressed fish. In addition, the higher sensitivity of iNOS to varied physical stressors in fishes and the ability of NO to lower the magnitude of ionosmotic stress in hypoxemic fish clearly put forth NO as an ease-promoting signal molecule in fishes. This further points to the signature role of the iNOS/NO system as a biomarker for stress and ease response in the cycle of adaptive response in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Subhash Peter
- Inter-University Centre for Evolutionary and Integrative Biology iCEIB, School of Life Science, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Department of Zoology, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- *Correspondence: M. C. Subhash Peter,
| | - R. Gayathry
- Inter-University Centre for Evolutionary and Integrative Biology iCEIB, School of Life Science, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Valsa S. Peter
- Inter-University Centre for Evolutionary and Integrative Biology iCEIB, School of Life Science, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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25
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Sganga DE, Dahlke FT, Sørensen SR, Butts IAE, Tomkiewicz J, Mazurais D, Servili A, Bertolini F, Politis SN. CO2 induced seawater acidification impacts survival and development of European eel embryos. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267228. [PMID: 35436318 PMCID: PMC9015118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish embryos may be vulnerable to seawater acidification resulting from anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions or from excessive biological CO2 production in aquaculture systems. This study investigated CO2 effects on embryos of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla), a catadromous fish that is considered at risk from climate change and that is targeted for hatchery production to sustain aquaculture of the species. Eel embryos were reared in three independent recirculation systems with different pH/CO2 levels representing “control” (pH 8.1, 300 μatm CO2), end-of-century climate change (“intermediate”, pH 7.6, 900 μatm CO2) and “extreme” aquaculture conditions (pH 7.1, 3000 μatm CO2). Sensitivity analyses were conducted at 4, 24, and 48 hours post-fertilization (hpf) by focusing on development, survival, and expression of genes related to acute stress response (crhr1, crfr2), stress/repair response (hsp70, hsp90), water and solute transport (aqp1, aqp3), acid-base regulation (nkcc1a, ncc, car15), and inhibitory neurotransmission (GABAAα6b, Gabra1). Results revealed that embryos developing at intermediate pH showed similar survival rates to the control, but egg swelling was impaired, resulting in a reduction in egg size with decreasing pH. Embryos exposed to extreme pH had 0.6-fold decrease in survival at 24 hpf and a 0.3-fold change at 48 compared to the control. These observed effects of acidification were not reflected by changes in expression of any of the here studied genes. On the contrary, differential expression was observed along embryonic development independent of treatment, indicating that the underlying regulating systems are under development and that embryos are limited in their ability to regulate molecular responses to acidification. In conclusion, exposure to predicted end-of-century ocean pCO2 conditions may affect normal development of this species in nature during sensitive early life history stages with limited physiological response capacities, while extreme acidification will negatively influence embryonic survival and development under hatchery conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela E. Sganga
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Sune R. Sørensen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Billund Aquaculture, Billund, Denmark
| | - Ian A. E. Butts
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jonna Tomkiewicz
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David Mazurais
- CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Ifremer, Université de Brest, Plouzané, France
| | - Arianna Servili
- CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Ifremer, Université de Brest, Plouzané, France
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sebastian N. Politis
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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26
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Shah VS, Chivukula RR, Lin B, Waghray A, Rajagopal J. Cystic Fibrosis and the Cells of the Airway Epithelium: What Are Ionocytes and What Do They Do? ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 17:23-46. [PMID: 34437820 PMCID: PMC10837786 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-042420-094031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by defects in an anion channel, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Recently, a new airway epithelial cell type has been discovered and dubbed the pulmonary ionocyte. Unexpectedly, these ionocytes express higher levels of CFTR than any other airway epithelial cell type. However, ionocytes are not the sole CFTR-expressing airway epithelial cells, and CF-associated disease genes are in fact expressed in multiple airway epithelial cell types. The experimental depletion of ionocytes perturbs epithelial physiology in the mouse trachea, but the role of these rare cells in the pathogenesis of human CF remains mysterious. Ionocytes have been described in diverse tissues(kidney and inner ear) and species (frog and fish). We draw on these prior studies to suggest potential roles of airway ionocytes in health and disease. A complete understanding of ionocytes in the mammalian airway will ultimately depend on cell type-specific genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viral S Shah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; , , , ,
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Raghu R Chivukula
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; , , , ,
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Brian Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; , , , ,
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Avinash Waghray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; , , , ,
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jayaraj Rajagopal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; , , , ,
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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27
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Uchiyama Y, Iwasa Y, Yamaguchi S. Optimal composition of chloride cells for osmoregulation in a randomly fluctuating environment. J Theor Biol 2022; 537:111016. [PMID: 35026211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fish live in water with a different osmotic pressure from that in the body. Their gills have chloride cells that transport ions to maintain an appropriate level of osmotic pressure in the body. The direction of ion transport is different between seawater and freshwater. There are two types of chloride cells that specialize in unidirectional transport and generalist cells that can switch their function quickly in response to environmental salinity. In species that experience salinity changes throughout life (euryhaline species), individuals may replace some chloride cells with cells of different types upon a sudden change in environmental salinity. In this paper, we develop a dynamic optimization model for the chloride cell composition of an individual living in an environment with randomly fluctuating salinity. The optimal solution is to minimize the sum of the workload of chloride cells in coping with the difference in osmotic pressure, the maintenance cost, and the temporal cost due to environmental change. The optimal fraction of generalist chloride cells increases with the frequency of salinity changes and the time needed for new cells to be fully functional but decreases with excess maintenance cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Uchiyama
- Division of Mathematical Sciences, Tokyo Woman's Christian University, 2-6-1 Zempukuji, Suginami-ku, Tokyo 167-8585, Japan
| | - Yoh Iwasa
- Department of Biology, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Institute of Freshwater Biology, Nagano University, 1088 Komaki, Ueda, Nagano 386-0031, Japan
| | - Sachi Yamaguchi
- Division of Mathematical Sciences, Tokyo Woman's Christian University, 2-6-1 Zempukuji, Suginami-ku, Tokyo 167-8585, Japan.
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28
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Gao J, Xu G, Xu P. Gills full-length transcriptomic analysis of osmoregulatory adaptive responses to salinity stress in Coilia nasus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 226:112848. [PMID: 34619476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salinity changes will threaten the survival of aquatic animals. However, osmoregulatory mechanism of Coilia nasus has not been explored. Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing was performed in C. nasus gills during hypotonic and hyperosmotic stress. 23.8 G clean reads and 27,659 full-length non-redundant sequences were generated via ONT sequencing. Alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation, transcript factors, and long noncoding RNA were identified. During hypotonic stress, 58 up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 36 down-regulated DEGs were identified. During hypertonic stress, 429 up-regulated DEGs and 480 down-regulated DEGs were identified. These DEGs were associated with metabolism, cell cycle, and transport. The analysis of these DEGs indicated that carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism were activated to provide energy for cell cycle and transport during hypotonic and hypertonic stress. Cell cycle was also promoted during hypotonic and hypertonic stress. To resist hypotonic stress, polyamines metabolism, ion absorption and water transport from extra-cellular to intra-cellular were promoted, while ion secretion was inhibited. During hypotonic stress, glutamine, alanine, proline, and inositol metabolism were activated. Ion absorption and water transport from intra-cellular to extra-cellular were inhibited. Moreover, different transcript isoforms generated from the same gene performed different expression patterns during hypotonic and hypertonic stress. These findings will be beneficial to understand osmoregulatory mechanism of Coilia nasus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China.
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China.
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29
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Gao J, Xu G, Xu P. Whole-genome resequencing of three Coilia nasus population reveals genetic variations in genes related to immune, vision, migration, and osmoregulation. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:878. [PMID: 34872488 PMCID: PMC8647404 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coilia nasus is an important anadromous fish, widely distributed in China, Japan, and Korea. Based on morphological and ecological researches of C. nasus, two ecotypes were identified. One is the anadromous population (AP). The sexually mature fish run thousands of kilometers from marine to river for spawning. Another one is the resident population which cannot migrate. Based on their different habitats, they were classified into landlocked population (LP) and sea population (SP) which were resident in the freshwater lake and marine during the entire lifetime, respectively. However, they have never been systematically studied. Moreover, C. nasus is declining sharply due to overfishing and pollution recently. Therefore, further understandings of C. nasus populations are needed for germplasm protection. Results Whole-genome resequencing of AP, LP, and SP were performed to enrich the understanding of different populations of C. nasus. At the genome level, 3,176,204, 3,307,069, and 3,207,906 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1,892,068, 2,002,912, and 1,922,168 insertion/deletion polymorphisms (InDels) were generated in AP, LP, and SP, respectively. Selective sweeping analysis showed that 1022 genes were selected in AP vs LP; 983 genes were selected in LP vs SP; 116 genes were selected in AP vs SP. Among them, selected genes related to immune, vision, migration, and osmoregulation were identified. Furthermore, their expression profiles were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Expression levels of selected genes related to immune, and vision in LP were significantly lower than AP and SP. Selected genes related to migration in AP were expressed significantly more highly than LP. Expression levels of selected genes related to osmoregulation were also detected. The expression of NKAα and NKCC1 in LP were significantly lower than SP, while expression of NCC, SLC4A4, NHE3, and V-ATPase in LP was significantly higher than SP. Conclusions Combined to life history of C. nasus populations, our results revealed that the molecular mechanisms of their differences of immune, vision, migration, and osmoregulation. Our findings will provide a further understanding of different populations of C. nasus and will be beneficial for wild C. nasus protection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08182-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China.
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30
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Barany A, Shaughnessy CA, Pelis RM, Fuentes J, Mancera JM, McCormick SD. Tissue and salinity specific Na +/Cl - cotransporter (NCC) orthologues involved in the adaptive osmoregulation of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Sci Rep 2021; 11:22698. [PMID: 34811419 PMCID: PMC8608846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two orthologues of the gene encoding the Na+-Cl− cotransporter (NCC), termed ncca and nccb, were found in the sea lamprey genome. No gene encoding the Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter 2 (nkcc2) was identified. In a phylogenetic comparison among other vertebrate NCC and NKCC sequences, the sea lamprey NCCs occupied basal positions within the NCC clades. In freshwater, ncca mRNA was found only in the gill and nccb only in the intestine, whereas both were found in the kidney. Intestinal nccb mRNA levels increased during late metamorphosis coincident with salinity tolerance. Acclimation to seawater increased nccb mRNA levels in the intestine and kidney. Electrophysiological analysis of intestinal tissue ex vivo showed this tissue was anion absorptive. After seawater acclimation, the proximal intestine became less anion absorptive, whereas the distal intestine remained unchanged. Luminal application of indapamide (an NCC inhibitor) resulted in 73% and 30% inhibition of short-circuit current (Isc) in the proximal and distal intestine, respectively. Luminal application of bumetanide (an NKCC inhibitor) did not affect intestinal Isc. Indapamide also inhibited intestinal water absorption. Our results indicate that NCCb is likely the key ion cotransport protein for ion uptake by the lamprey intestine that facilitates water absorption in seawater. As such, the preparatory increases in intestinal nccb mRNA levels during metamorphosis of sea lamprey are likely critical to development of whole animal salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11519, Cádiz, Spain. .,Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal. .,Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, Eastern Ecological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Turners Falls, MA, 01376, USA.
| | - C A Shaughnessy
- Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, Eastern Ecological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Turners Falls, MA, 01376, USA.,Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - R M Pelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Johnson City, NY, 13790, USA
| | - J Fuentes
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - J M Mancera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11519, Cádiz, Spain
| | - S D McCormick
- Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, Eastern Ecological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Turners Falls, MA, 01376, USA.,Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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31
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Prescott LA, Regish AM, McMahon SJ, McCormick SD, Rummer JL. Rapid embryonic development supports the early onset of gill functions in two coral reef damselfishes. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:272637. [PMID: 34708857 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The gill is one of the most important organs for growth and survival of fishes. Early life stages in coral reef fishes often exhibit extreme physiological and demographic characteristics that are linked to well-established respiratory and ionoregulatory processes. However, gill development and function in coral reef fishes is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated gill morphology, oxygen uptake and ionoregulatory systems throughout embryogenesis in two coral reef damselfishes, Acanthochromis polyacanthus and Amphiprion melanopus (Pomacentridae). In both species, we found key gill structures to develop rapidly early in the embryonic phase. Ionoregulatory cells appear on gill filaments 3-4 days post-fertilization and increase in density, whilst disappearing or shrinking in cutaneous locations. Primary respiratory tissue (lamellae) appears 5-7 days post-fertilization, coinciding with a peak in oxygen uptake rates of the developing embryos. Oxygen uptake was unaffected by phenylhydrazine across all ages (pre-hatching), indicating that haemoglobin is not yet required for oxygen uptake. This suggests that gills have limited contribution to respiratory functions during embryonic development, at least until hatching. Rapid gill development in damselfishes, when compared with that in most previously investigated fishes, may reflect preparations for a high-performance, challenging lifestyle on tropical reefs, but may also make reef fishes more vulnerable to anthropogenic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leteisha A Prescott
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Amy M Regish
- US Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA 01376, USA
| | - Shannon J McMahon
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Stephen D McCormick
- US Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA 01376, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jodie L Rummer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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Chang YM, Zhao XF, Liew HJ, Sun B, Wang SY, Luo L, Zhang LM, Liang LQ. Effects of Bicarbonate Stress on Serum Ions and Gill Transporters in Alkali and Freshwater Forms of Amur Ide ( Leuciscus waleckii). Front Physiol 2021; 12:676096. [PMID: 34594232 PMCID: PMC8476968 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.676096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Amur ide (Leuciscus waleckii) is a fish in the Cyprinidae family. Compared with other Amur ide living in freshwater ecosystems, the Amur ide population in Lake Dali Nor of China is famous for its high tolerance to the alkaline conditions of 54 mM (pH 9.6). Yet, surprisingly, the ionoregulatory mechanism responsible for this remarkable alkaline adaptation remains unclear. Therefore, this study sought to investigate how bicarbonate affects the acid-base balancing and ionoregulatory responses of this animal. Here, using a comparative approach, the alkali form of Amur ide and its ancestral freshwater form living in other freshwater basins were each exposed to 50 mM (pH 9.59 ± 0.09), a level close to the alkalinity of Lake Dali Nor, and their physiological (AE1) adjustment of ions and acid-base regulation were investigated. This study highlighted differences in blood pH and serum ions (e.g., Na+, K+, Cl−, and Ca2+), Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA) activity and its mRNA level, and mRNA expression of gill transporters (Na+/H+ exchanger member 2 and/or 3, Na+/HCO3- cotransporter (NBC1), Cl−/HCO3- exchanger, Na+/Cl− cotransporter (NCC), Na+/K+/2Cl− (NKCC1), SLC26A5, and SLC26A6) for alkalinity adaptation between the two forms of Amur ide differing in alkalinity tolerance. Specifically, close relationships among the serum Na+ and mRNA levels of NCC, NKCC1, and NHE, and also NKA and NBC1, in addition to serum Cl− and bicarbonate transporters (e.g., SLC26A5 and SLC26A6), characterized the alkali form of Amur ide. We propose that this ecotype can ensure its transepithelial Cl− and Na+ uptake/base secretions are highly functional, by its basolateral NKA with NBC1 and apical ionic transporters, and especially NCC incorporated with other transporters (e.g., SLC26). This suggests an evolved strong ability to maintain an ion osmotic and acid-base balance for more effectively facilitating its adaptability to the high alkaline environment. This study provides new insights into the physiological responses of the alkaline form of the Amur ide fish for adapting to extreme alkaline conditions. This information could be used as a reference to cultivating alkaline-tolerant fish species in abandoned alkaline waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mei Chang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Fei Zhao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China.,College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hon Jung Liew
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China.,Higher Institution of Center Excellence, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Bo Sun
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Yi Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Luo
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Li Min Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Li Qun Liang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
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Breves JP, Nelson NN, Koltenyuk V, Petro-Sakuma CK, Celino-Brady FT, Seale AP. Enhanced expression of ncc1 and clc2c in the kidney and urinary bladder accompanies freshwater acclimation in Mozambique tilapia. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 260:111021. [PMID: 34174427 PMCID: PMC8355173 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Euryhaline fishes maintain hydromineral balance in a broad range of environmental salinities via the activities of multiple osmoregulatory organs, namely the gill, gastrointestinal tract, skin, kidney, and urinary bladder. Teleosts residing in freshwater (FW) environments are faced with the diffusive loss of ions and the osmotic gain of water, and, therefore, the kidney and urinary bladder reabsorb Na+ and Cl- to support the production of dilute urine. Nonetheless, the regulated pathways for Na+ and Cl- transport by euryhaline fishes, especially in the urinary bladder, have not been fully resolved. Here, we first investigated the ultrastructure of epithelial cells within the urinary bladder of FW-acclimated Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) by electron microscopy. We then investigated whether tilapia employ Na+/Cl- cotransporter 1 (Ncc1) and Clc family Cl- channel 2c (Clc2c) for the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- by the kidney and urinary bladder. We hypothesized that levels of their associated gene transcripts vary inversely with environmental salinity. In whole kidney and urinary bladder homogenates, ncc1 and clc2c mRNA levels were markedly higher in steady-state FW- versus SW (seawater)-acclimated tilapia. Following transfer from SW to FW, ncc1 and clc2c in both the kidney and urinary bladder were elevated within 48 h. A concomitant increase in branchial ncc2, and decreases in Na+/K+/2Cl-cotransporter 1a (nkcc1a) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator 1 (cftr1) levels indicated a transition from Na+ and Cl- secretion to absorption by the gills in parallel with the identified renal and urinary bladder responses to FW transfer. Our findings suggest that Ncc1 and Clc2c contribute to the functional plasticity of the kidney and urinary bladder in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Breves
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.
| | - Nastasia N Nelson
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - Victor Koltenyuk
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - Cody K Petro-Sakuma
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Fritzie T Celino-Brady
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Andre P Seale
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Mackey TE, Hasler CT, Durhack T, Jeffrey JD, Macnaughton CJ, Ta K, Enders EC, Jeffries KM. Molecular and physiological responses predict acclimation limits in juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). J Exp Biol 2021; 224:271813. [PMID: 34382658 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.241885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the resilience of ectotherms to high temperatures is essential because of the influence of climate change on aquatic ecosystems. The ability of species to acclimate to high temperatures may determine whether populations can persist in their native ranges. We examined physiological and molecular responses of juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) to six acclimation temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 23 and 25°C) that span the thermal distribution of the species to predict acclimation limits. Brook trout exhibited an upregulation of stress-related mRNA transcripts (heat shock protein 90-beta, heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein, glutathione peroxidase 1) and downregulation of transcription factors and osmoregulation-related transcripts (nuclear protein 1, Na+/K+/2Cl- co-transporter-1-a) at temperatures ≥20°C. We then examined the effects of acclimation temperature on metabolic rate (MR) and physiological parameters in fish exposed to an acute exhaustive exercise and air exposure stress. Fish acclimated to temperatures ≥20°C exhibited elevated plasma cortisol and glucose, and muscle lactate after exposure to the acute stress. Fish exhibited longer MR recovery times at 15 and 20°C compared with the 5 and 10°C groups; however, cortisol levels remained elevated at temperatures ≥20°C after 24 h. Oxygen consumption in fish acclimated to 23°C recovered quickest after exposure to acute stress. Standard MR was highest and factorial aerobic scope was lowest for fish held at temperatures ≥20°C. Our findings demonstrate how molecular and physiological responses predict acclimation limits in a freshwater fish as the brook trout in the present study had a limited ability to acclimate to temperatures beyond 20°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Mackey
- Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3B 2E9
| | - Caleb T Hasler
- Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3B 2E9
| | - Travis Durhack
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 2N2.,Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 2N6
| | - Jennifer D Jeffrey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | | | - Kimberly Ta
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Eva C Enders
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 2N6
| | - Ken M Jeffries
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 2N2
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35
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Root L, Campo A, MacNiven L, Con P, Cnaani A, Kültz D. Nonlinear effects of environmental salinity on the gill transcriptome versus proteome of Oreochromis niloticus modulate epithelial cell turnover. Genomics 2021; 113:3235-3249. [PMID: 34298068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A data-independent acquisition (DIA) assay library for targeted quantitation of thousands of Oreochromis niloticus gill proteins using a label- and gel-free workflow was generated and used to compare protein and mRNA abundances. This approach generated complimentary rather than redundant data for 1899 unique genes in gills of tilapia acclimated to freshwater and brackish water. Functional enrichment analyses identified mitochondrial energy metabolism, serine protease and immunity-related functions, and cytoskeleton/ extracellular matrix organization as major processes controlled by salinity in O. niloticus gills. Non-linearity in salinity-dependent transcriptome versus proteome regulation was revealed for specific functional groups of genes. The relationship was more linear for other molecular functions/ cellular processes, suggesting that the salinity-dependent regulation of O. niloticus gill function relies on post-transcriptional mechanisms for some functions/ processes more than others. This integrative systems biology approach can be adopted for other tissues and organisms to study cellular dynamics for many changing ecological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larken Root
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of California Davis, Meyer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Aurora Campo
- Department of Poultry and Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Leah MacNiven
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of California Davis, Meyer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Pazit Con
- Department of Poultry and Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Avner Cnaani
- Department of Poultry and Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Dietmar Kültz
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of California Davis, Meyer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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36
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Durant AC, Grieco Guardian E, Kolosov D, Donini A. The transcriptome of anal papillae of Aedes aegypti reveals their importance in xenobiotic detoxification and adds significant knowledge on ion, water and ammonia transport mechanisms. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 132:104269. [PMID: 34174320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The anal papillae of mosquito larvae are osmoregulatory organs in direct contact with the external aquatic environment that actively sequester ions and take up water in dilute freshwater. In the disease vector Aedes aegypti mechanisms of ion, water and ammonia transport have only been partially resolved. Furthermore, A. aegypti larvae are known to reside in high ammonia sewage and high salt brackish waters, and understanding of anal papillae function in these conditions is in its infancy. The objective of this study was to identify the complement of ion and water transport genes expressed by the anal papillae of freshwater larvae by sequencing their transcriptome, and comparing their expression in anal papillae of larvae abruptly transferred to brackish water for 24 h. Results identified a number of ion and water transport proteins, ammonia detoxifying enzymes, a full suite of xenobiotic detoxifying enzymes and transporters, and G-protein coupled receptors of specific hormones. We identified a marked increase in transcript and protein abundance of aquaporin AaAQP2 in the anal papillae with abrupt transfer to brackish water. We present an updated and more comprehensive model for ion and water transport with additional putative transporters for Na+ and Cl- uptake in the anal papillae. These are organs which are actively engaged in Na+, Cl- and water uptake and regulation when the aquatic larvae encounter fluctuating salinities over the course of their development. Furthermore the transcriptome of the anal papillae includes a full set of xenobiotic detoxification genes suggesting that these are important detoxification organs which is particularly important when larvae reside in polluted water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Durant
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Elia Grieco Guardian
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Dennis Kolosov
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, 333 S. Twin Oaks Valley Rd., San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Andrew Donini
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
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37
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West AC, Mizoro Y, Wood SH, Ince LM, Iversen M, Jørgensen EH, Nome T, Sandve SR, Martin SAM, Loudon ASI, Hazlerigg DG. Immunologic Profiling of the Atlantic Salmon Gill by Single Nuclei Transcriptomics. Front Immunol 2021; 12:669889. [PMID: 34017342 PMCID: PMC8129531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Anadromous salmonids begin life adapted to the freshwater environments of their natal streams before a developmental transition, known as smoltification, transforms them into marine-adapted fish. In the wild, smoltification is a photoperiod-regulated process, involving radical remodeling of gill function to cope with the profound osmotic and immunological challenges of seawater (SW) migration. While prior work has highlighted the role of specialized "mitochondrion-rich" cells (MRCs) and accessory cells (ACs) in delivering this phenotype, recent RNA profiling experiments suggest that remodeling is far more extensive than previously appreciated. Here, we use single-nuclei RNAseq to characterize the extent of cytological changes in the gill of Atlantic salmon during smoltification and SW transfer. We identify 20 distinct cell clusters, including known, but also novel gill cell types. These data allow us to isolate cluster-specific, smoltification-associated changes in gene expression and to describe how the cellular make-up of the gill changes through smoltification. As expected, we noted an increase in the proportion of seawater mitochondrion-rich cells, however, we also identify previously unknown reduction of several immune-related cell types. Overall, our results provide fresh detail of the cellular complexity in the gill and suggest that smoltification triggers unexpected immune reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C. West
- Arctic seasonal timekeeping initiative (ASTI), Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Yasutaka Mizoro
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Shona H. Wood
- Arctic seasonal timekeeping initiative (ASTI), Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Louise M. Ince
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Iversen
- Arctic seasonal timekeeping initiative (ASTI), Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Even H. Jørgensen
- Arctic seasonal timekeeping initiative (ASTI), Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torfinn Nome
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences (IHA), Faculty of Life Sciences (BIOVIT), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Simen Rød Sandve
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences (IHA), Faculty of Life Sciences (BIOVIT), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Samuel A. M. Martin
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S. I. Loudon
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David G. Hazlerigg
- Arctic seasonal timekeeping initiative (ASTI), Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Zimmer AM, Goss GG, Glover CN. Reductionist approaches to the study of ionoregulation in fishes. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 255:110597. [PMID: 33781928 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying ionoregulation in fishes have been studied for nearly a century, and reductionist methods have been applied at all levels of biological organization in this field of research. The complex nature of ionoregulatory systems in fishes makes them ideally suited to reductionist methods and our collective understanding has been dramatically shaped by their use. This review provides an overview of the broad suite of techniques used to elucidate ionoregulatory mechanisms in fishes, from the whole-animal level down to the gene, discussing some of the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. We provide a roadmap for understanding and appreciating the work that has formed the current models of organismal, endocrine, cellular, molecular, and genetic regulation of ion balance in fishes and highlight the contribution that reductionist techniques have made to some of the fundamental leaps forward in the field throughout its history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Zimmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405, Biological Sciences Bldg., University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Greg G Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405, Biological Sciences Bldg., University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Chris N Glover
- Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405, Biological Sciences Bldg., University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; Faculty of Science and Technology and Athabasca River Basin Research Institute, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB T9S 3A3, Canada
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Blair S, Li X, Dutta D, Chamot D, Fliegel L, Goss G. Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Na +/H + Exchangers tNhe3a and tNhe3b Display Unique Inhibitory Profiles Dissimilar from Mammalian NHE Isoforms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042205. [PMID: 33672216 PMCID: PMC7926675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Freshwater fishes maintain an internal osmolality of ~300 mOsm, while living in dilute environments ranging from 0 to 50 mOsm. This osmotic challenge is met at least partially, by Na+/H+ exchangers (NHE) of fish gill and kidney. In this study, we cloned, expressed, and pharmacologically characterized fish-specific Nhes of the commercially important species Oncorhynchus mykiss. Trout (t) Nhe3a and Nhe3b isoforms from gill and kidney were expressed and characterized in an NHE-deficient cell line. Western blotting and immunocytochemistry confirmed stable expression of the tagged trout tNhe proteins. To measure NHE activity, a transient acid load was induced in trout tNhe expressing cells and intracellular pH was measured. Both isoforms demonstrated significant activity and recovered from an acute acid load. The effect of the NHE transport inhibitors amiloride, EIPA (5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride), phenamil, and DAPI was examined. tNhe3a was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by amiloride and EIPA and tNhe3a was more sensitive to amiloride than EIPA, unlike mammalian NHE1. tNhe3b was inhibited by high concentrations of amiloride, while even in the presence of high concentrations of EIPA (500 µM), some activity of tNhe3b remained. Phenamil and DAPI were ineffective at inhibiting tNhe activity of either isoform. The current study aids in understanding the pharmacology of fish ion transporters. Both isoforms display inhibitory profiles uniquely different from mammalian NHEs and show resistance to inhibition. Our study allows for more direct interpretation of past, present, and future fish-specific sodium transport studies, with less reliance on mammalian NHE data for interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Blair
- Department of Biology, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC 29733, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada;
| | - Xiuju Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (X.L.); (D.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Debajyoti Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (X.L.); (D.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Danuta Chamot
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada;
| | - Larry Fliegel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (X.L.); (D.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Greg Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-492-1276; Fax: +1-780-492-9234
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40
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Shaughnessy CA, Breves JP. Molecular mechanisms of Cl
−
transport in fishes: New insights and their evolutionary context. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 335:207-216. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.2428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason P. Breves
- Department of Biology Skidmore College Saratoga Springs New York USA
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41
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Immunohistochemical characterization and change in location of branchial ionocytes after transfer from freshwater to seawater in the euryhaline obscure puffer, Takifugu obscurus. J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:585-596. [PMID: 32715333 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The obscure puffer Takifugu obscurus is a euryhaline fish species suitable for studying the molecular mechanism of osmoregulation. The distributional changes of branchial ionocytes were detected following the transfer from freshwater (FW) to seawater (SW) based on two main ion transporters, Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and Na+/K+/ 2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1). The mRNA and protein expression levels of NKA and NKCC1 in the gills all increased rapidly in the first four days after transfer to SW. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that NKCC1 and NKA were colocalized in the branchial ionocytes and the immunoreaction of NKCC1 was stronger after transfer. Moreover, following transfer to SW, the number of lamellar ionocytes in the gills is reduced and the number of filament ionocytes is increased significantly. Taken together, these findings indicated that SW transfer of obscure puffer promotes the changes of distribution, function and size of branchial ionocytes.
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42
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Sun Z, Lou F, Zhang Y, Song N. Gill Transcriptome Sequencing and De Novo Annotation of Acanthogobius ommaturus in Response to Salinity Stress. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060631. [PMID: 32521805 PMCID: PMC7349121 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acanthogobius ommaturus is a euryhaline fish widely distributed in coastal, bay and estuarine areas, showing a strong tolerance to salinity. In order to understand the mechanism of adaptation to salinity stress, RNA-seq was used to compare the transcriptome responses of Acanthogobius ommaturus to the changes of salinity. Four salinity gradients, 0 psu, 15 psu (control), 30 psu and 45 psu were set to conduct the experiment. In total, 131,225 unigenes were obtained from the gill tissue of A. ommaturus using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform (San Diego, USA). Compared with the gene expression profile of the control group, 572 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, with 150 at 0 psu, 170 at 30 psu, and 252 at 45 psu. Additionally, among these DEGs, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that binding, metabolic processes and cellular processes were significantly enriched. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis detected 3, 5 and 8 pathways related to signal transduction, metabolism, digestive and endocrine systems at 0 psu, 30 psu and 45 psu, respectively. Based on GO enrichment analysis and manual literature searches, the results of the present study indicated that A. ommaturus mainly responded to energy metabolism, ion transport and signal transduction to resist the damage caused by salinity stress. Eight DEGs were randomly selected for further validation by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and the results were consistent with the RNA-seq data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Na Song
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-532-820-31658
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L'Honoré T, Farcy E, Blondeau-Bidet E, Lorin-Nebel C. Inter-individual variability in freshwater tolerance is related to transcript level differences in gill and posterior kidney of European sea bass. Gene 2020; 741:144547. [PMID: 32165299 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acclimation to low salinities is a vital physiological challenge for euryhaline fish as the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. This species undertakes seasonal migrations towards lagoons and estuaries where a wide range of salinity variations occur along the year. We have previously reported intraspecific differences in freshwater tolerance, with an average 30% mortality rate. In this study, we bring new evidence of mechanisms underlying freshwater tolerance in sea bass at gill and kidney levels. In fresh water (FW), intraspecific differences in mRNA expression levels of several ion transporters and prolactin receptors were measured. We showed that the branchial Cl-/HCO3- anion transporter (slc26a6c) was over-expressed in freshwater intolerant fish, probably as a compensatory response to low blood chloride levels and potential metabolic alkalosis. Moreover, prolactin receptor a (prlra) and Na+/Cl- cotransporter (ncc1) but not ncc-2a expression seemed to be slightly increased and highly variable between individuals in freshwater intolerant fish. In the posterior kidney, freshwater intolerant fish exhibited differential expression levels of slc26 anion transporters and Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter 1b (nkcc1b). Lower expression levels of prolactin receptors (prlra, prlrb) were measured in posterior kidney which probably contributes to the failure in ion reuptake at the kidney level. Freshwater intolerance seems to be a consequence of renal failure of ion reabsorption, which is not sufficiently compensated at the branchial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut L'Honoré
- Univ Montpellier, MARBEC (CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, UM), Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Farcy
- Univ Montpellier, MARBEC (CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, UM), Montpellier, France
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Kwan GT, Smith TR, Tresguerres M. Immunological characterization of two types of ionocytes in the inner ear epithelium of Pacific Chub Mackerel (Scomber japonicus). J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:419-431. [PMID: 32468089 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The inner ear is essential for maintaining balance and hearing predator and prey in the environment. Each inner ear contains three CaCO3 otolith polycrystals, which are calcified within an alkaline, K+-rich endolymph secreted by the surrounding epithelium. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms are poorly understood, especially in marine fish. Here, we investigated the presence and cellular localization of several ion-transporting proteins within the saccular epithelium of the Pacific Chub Mackerel (Scomber japonicus). Western blotting revealed the presence of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), carbonic anhydrase (CA), Na+-K+-2Cl--co-transporter (NKCC), vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (VHA), plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA), and soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC). Immunohistochemistry analysis identified two distinct ionocytes types in the saccular epithelium: Type-I ionocytes were mitochondrion-rich and abundantly expressed NKA and NKCC in their basolateral membrane, indicating a role in secreting K+ into the endolymph. On the other hand, Type-II ionocytes were enriched in cytoplasmic CA and VHA, suggesting they help transport HCO3- into the endolymph and remove H+. In addition, both types of ionocytes expressed cytoplasmic PMCA, which is likely involved in Ca2+ transport and homeostasis, as well as sAC, an evolutionary conserved acid-base sensing enzyme that regulates epithelial ion transport. Furthermore, CA, VHA, and sAC were also expressed within the capillaries that supply blood to the meshwork area, suggesting additional mechanisms that contribute to otolith calcification. This information improves our knowledge about the cellular mechanisms responsible for endolymph ion regulation and otolith formation, and can help understand responses to environmental stressors such as ocean acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garfield T Kwan
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Taylor R Smith
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Martin Tresguerres
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
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Breves JP, Starling JA, Popovski CM, Doud JM, Tipsmark CK. Salinity-dependent expression of ncc2 in opercular epithelium and gill of mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus). J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:219-230. [PMID: 31980891 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) can tolerate abrupt changes in environmental salinity because of their ability to rapidly adjust the activities of ionocytes in branchial and opercular epithelia. In turn, the concerted expression of sub-cellular effectors of ion transport underlies adaptive responses to fluctuating salinities. Exposure to seawater (SW) stimulates the expression of Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter 1 (nkcc1) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (cftr) mRNAs in support of ion extrusion by SW-type ionocytes. Given the incomplete understanding of how freshwater (FW)-type ionocytes actually operate in mummichogs, the transcriptional responses essential for ion absorption in FW environments remain unresolved. In a subset of species, a 'fish-specific' Na+/Cl- cotransporter denoted Ncc2 (Slc12a10) is responsible for the uptake of Na+ and Cl- across the apical surface of FW-type ionocytes. In the current study, we identified an ncc2 transcript that is highly expressed in gill filaments and opercular epithelium of FW-acclimated mummichogs. Within 1 day of transfer from SW to FW, ncc2 levels in both tissues increased in parallel with reductions in nkcc1 and cftr. Conversely, mummichogs transferred from FW to SW exhibited marked reductions in ncc2 concurrent with increases in nkcc1 and cftr. Immunohistochemical analyses employing a homologous antibody revealed apical Ncc2-immunoreactivity in Na+/K+-ATPase-immunoreactive ionocytes of FW-acclimated animals. Our combined observations suggest that Ncc2/ncc2-expressing ionocytes support the capacity of mummichogs to inhabit FW environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Breves
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA.
| | - Julie A Starling
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AK, 72701, USA
| | - Christine M Popovski
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - James M Doud
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Christian K Tipsmark
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AK, 72701, USA
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Vistro WA, Huang Y, Bai X, Yang P, Haseeb A, Chen H, Liu Y, Yue Z, Tarique I, Chen Q. In Vivo Multivesicular Body and Exosome Secretion in the Intestinal Epithelial Cells of Turtles During Hibernation. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2019; 25:1341-1351. [PMID: 31656212 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927619015071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the in vivo biological processes of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and exosomes in mitochondria-rich cells (MRCs), goblet cells (GCs), and absorptive cells (ACs) in turtle intestines during hibernation. The exosome markers, cluster of differentiation 63 (CD63) and tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101), were positively expressed in intestinal villi during turtle hibernation. The distribution and formation processes of MVBs and exosomes in turtle MRCs, GCs, and ACs were further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. During hibernation, abundantly secreted early endosomes (ees) were localized in the luminal and basal cytoplasm of the MRCs and ACs, and late endosomes (les) were dispersed with the supranuclear parts of the MRCs and ACs. Many "heterogeneous" MVBs were identified throughout the cytoplasm of the MRCs and ACs. Interestingly, the ees, les, and MVBs were detected in the cytoplasm of the GCs during hibernation; however, they were absent during nonhibernation. Furthermore, the exocytosis pathways of exosomes and autophagic vacuoles were observed in the MRCs, GCs, and ACs during hibernation. In addition, the number of different MVBs with intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) and heterogeneous endosome-MVB-exosome complexes was significantly increased in the MRCs, GCs, and ACs during hibernation. All these findings indicate that intestinal epithelial cells potentially perform a role in the secretion of MVBs and exosomes, which are essential for mucosal immunity, during hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Ali Vistro
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Xuebing Bai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Ping Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Hong Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Zhang Yue
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Imran Tarique
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
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Lou F, Gao T, Han Z. Effect of salinity fluctuation on the transcriptome of the Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:1202-1213. [PMID: 31470058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Salinity fluctuation may detrimentally affect the composition and biological processes of crustaceans. As a euryhaline crustacean, Oratosquilla oratoria can survive at salinities ranging from 20 psu to 40 psu. Therefore, we designed five salinity gradients (20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 psu) and 66.39 Gb clean transcriptome data were obtained after O. oratorias were exposed to each gradient for 24 h. All clean data were spliced into 50,482 unigenes and 17,035 unigenes were annotated in at least one database. Compared with 30 psu, 1010, 851, 1733 and 2188 differentially expressed genes were obtained at 20, 25, 35 and 40 psu, respectively. Results also showed that the osmoregulation of O. oratoria is primarily regulated by lipid and amino acid metabolism, amongst others. No significant up-regulated pathways were enriched at 25 psu and 35 psu, although more significant down-regulated pathways were obtained at 35 psu. Therefore, we assumed that the optimum survival salinity of O. oratoria may range from 25 psu to 35 psu. However, 35 psu may be more suitable for O. oratoria. In addition, 55 unigenes that encode putative inorganic ion exchanges were identified. This study aims to provide fundamental information for understanding the osmoregulation mechanisms of crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangrui Lou
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China; Fishery College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Tianxiang Gao
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China.
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Shaughnessy CA, McCormick SD. Functional characterization and osmoregulatory role of the Na +-K +-2Cl - cotransporter in the gill of sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus), a basal vertebrate. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 318:R17-R29. [PMID: 31617750 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00125.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study provides molecular and functional characterization of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC1/Slc12a2) in the gills of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), the most basal extant vertebrate with an osmoregulatory strategy. We report the full-length peptide sequence for the lamprey Na-K-Cl cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), which we show groups strongly with and occupies a basal position among other vertebrate NKCC1 sequences. In postmetamorphic juvenile lamprey, nkcc1 mRNA was present in many tissues but was fivefold higher in the gill than any other examined tissue, and NKCC1 protein was only detected in the gill. Gill mRNA and protein abundances of NKCC1 and Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA/Atp1a1) were significantly upregulated (20- to 200-fold) during late metamorphosis in fresh water, coinciding with the development of salinity tolerance, and were upregulated an additional twofold after acclimation to seawater (SW). Immunohistochemistry revealed that NKCC1 in the gill is found in filamental ionocytes coexpressing NKA, which develop during metamorphosis in preparation for SW entry. Lamprey treated with bumetanide, a widely used pharmacological inhibitor of NKCC1, exhibited higher plasma Cl- and osmolality as well as reduced muscle water content after 24 h in SW; there were no effects of bumetanide in freshwater-acclimated lamprey. This work provides the first functional characterization of NKCC1 as a mechanism for branchial salt secretion in lampreys, providing evidence that this mode of Cl- secretion has been present among vertebrates for ~550 million years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran A Shaughnessy
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen D McCormick
- United States.Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, Massachusetts.,Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
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49
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Effect of salinity and temperature on the expression of genes involved in branchial ion transport processes in European sea bass. J Therm Biol 2019; 85:102422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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50
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Seale AP, Pavlosky KK, Celino-Brady FT, Yamaguchi Y, Breves JP, Lerner DT. Systemic versus tissue-level prolactin signaling in a teleost during a tidal cycle. J Comp Physiol B 2019; 189:581-594. [PMID: 31485757 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-019-01233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Euryhaline Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) are native to estuaries where they encounter tidal fluctuations in environmental salinity. These fluctuations can be dramatic, subjecting individuals to salinities characteristic of fresh water (FW < 0.5‰) and seawater (SW 35‰) within a single tidal cycle. In the current study, we reared tilapia under a tidal regimen that simulated the dynamic conditions of their native habitat. Tilapia were sampled every 3 h over a 24 h period to temporally resolve how prolactin (PRL) signaling is modulated in parallel with genes encoding branchial effectors of osmoregulation. The following parameters were measured: plasma osmolality, plasma PRL177 and PRL188 concentrations, pituitary prl177 and prl188 gene expression, and branchial prl receptor (prlr1 and prlr2), Na+/Cl--cotransporter (ncc2), Na+/K+/2Cl--cotransporter (nkcc1a), Na+/K+-ATPase (nkaα1a and nkaα1b), cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (cftr), and aquaporin 3 (aqp3) gene expression. Throughout the 24 h sampling period, plasma osmolality reflected whether tilapia were sampled during the FW or SW phases of the tidal cycle, whereas pituitary prl gene expression and plasma PRL levels remained stable. Branchial patterns of ncc2, nkcc1a, nkaα1a, nkaα1b, cftr, and aqp3 gene expression indicated that fish exposed to tidally changing salinities regulate the expression of these gene transcripts in a similar fashion as fish held under static SW conditions. By contrast, branchial prlr1 and prlr2 levels were highly labile throughout the tidal cycle. We conclude that local (branchial) regulation of endocrine signaling underlies the capacity of euryhaline fishes, such as Mozambique tilapia, to thrive under dynamic salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre P Seale
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food, and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kaneohe, HI, 96744, USA.
| | - K Keano Pavlosky
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Fritzie T Celino-Brady
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food, and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Yoko Yamaguchi
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Jason P Breves
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Darren T Lerner
- University of Hawai'i Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
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