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Tao YF, Pan YF, Zhong CY, Wang QC, Hua JX, Lu SQ, Li Y, Dong YL, Xu P, Jiang BJ, Qiang J. Silencing the fatty acid elongase gene elovl6 induces reprogramming of nutrient metabolism in male Oreochromis niloticus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132666. [PMID: 38806081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Elongation of very long-chain fatty acids protein 6 (ELOVL6) plays a pivotal role in the synthesis of endogenous fatty acids, influencing energy balance and metabolic diseases. The primary objective of this study was to discover the molecular attributes and regulatory roles of ELOVL6 in male Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. The full-length cDNA of elovl6 was cloned from male Nile tilapia, and was determined to be 2255-bp long, including a 5'-untranslated region of 193 bp, a 3'-untranslated region of 1252 bp, and an open reading frame of 810 bp encoding 269 amino acids. The putative protein had typical features of ELOVL proteins. The transcript levels of elovl6 differed among various tissues and among fish fed with different dietary lipid sources. Knockdown of elovl6 in Nile tilapia using antisense RNA technology resulted in significant alterations in hepatic morphology, long-chain fatty acid synthesis, and fatty acid oxidation, and led to increased fat deposition in the liver and disrupted glucose/lipid metabolism. A comparative transcriptomic analysis (elovl6 knockdown vs. the negative control) identified 5877 differentially expressed genes with significant involvement in key signaling pathways including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway, fatty acid degradation, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and the insulin signaling pathway, all of which are crucial for lipid and glucose metabolism. qRT-PCR analyses verified the transcript levels of 13 differentially expressed genes within these pathways. Our findings indicate that elovl6 knockdown in male tilapia impedes oleic acid synthesis, culminating in aberrant nutrient metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yi-Fan Pan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chun-Yi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Qing-Chun Wang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ji-Xiang Hua
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Si-Qi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Ya-Lun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bing-Jie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Jun Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China.
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Li H, Zeng Y, Wang G, Zhang K, Gong W, Li Z, Tian J, Xia Y, Xie W, Xie J, Xie S, Yu E. Betaine improves appetite regulation and glucose-lipid metabolism in mandarin fish ( Siniperca chuatsi) fed a high-carbohydrate-diet by regulating the AMPK/mTOR signaling. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28423. [PMID: 38623237 PMCID: PMC11016588 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Diets with high carbohydrate (HC) was reported to have influence on appetite and intermediary metabolism in fish. To illustrate whether betaine could improve appetite and glucose-lipid metabolism in aquatic animals, mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) were fed with the HC diets with or without betaine for 8 weeks. The results suggested that betaine enhanced feed intake by regulating the hypothalamic appetite genes. The HC diet-induced downregulation of AMPK and appetite genes was also positively correlated with the decreased autophagy genes, suggesting a possible mechanism that AMPK/mTOR signaling might regulate appetite through autophagy. The HC diet remarkably elevated transcriptional levels of genes related to lipogenesis, while betaine alleviated the HC-induced hepatic lipid deposition. Additionally, betaine supplementation tended to store the energy storage as hepatic glycogen. Our findings proposed the possible mechanism for appetite regulation through autophagy via AMPK/mTOR, and demonstrated the feasibility of betaine as an aquafeed additive to regulate appetite and intermediary metabolism in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, CAS, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Formula Feed (Fujian Tianma Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd.), Fuqing, 350308, China
| | - Yanzhi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Wangbao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Zhifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Wenping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, CAS, China
| | - Ermeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
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Vélez EJ, Schnebert S, Goguet M, Balbuena-Pecino S, Dias K, Beauclair L, Fontagné-Dicharry S, Véron V, Depincé A, Beaumatin F, Herpin A, Seiliez I. Chaperone-mediated autophagy protects against hyperglycemic stress. Autophagy 2024; 20:752-768. [PMID: 37798944 PMCID: PMC11062381 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2267415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a major pathway of lysosomal proteolysis critical for cellular homeostasis and metabolism, and whose defects have been associated with several human pathologies. While CMA has been well described in mammals, functional evidence has only recently been documented in fish, opening up new perspectives to tackle this function under a novel angle. Now we propose to explore CMA functions in the rainbow trout (RT, Oncorhynchus mykiss), a fish species recognized as a model organism of glucose intolerance and characterized by the presence of two paralogs of the CMA-limiting factor Lamp2A (lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A). To this end, we validated a fluorescent reporter (KFERQ-PA-mCherry1) previously used to track functional CMA in mammalian cells, in an RT hepatoma-derived cell line (RTH-149). We found that incubation of cells with high-glucose levels (HG, 25 mM) induced translocation of the CMA reporter to lysosomes and/or late endosomes in a KFERQ- and Lamp2A-dependent manner, as well as reduced its half-life compared to the control (5 mM), thus demonstrating increased CMA flux. Furthermore, we observed that activation of CMA upon HG exposure was mediated by generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and involving the antioxidant transcription factor Nfe2l2/Nrf2 (nfe2 like bZIP transcription factor 2). Finally, we demonstrated that CMA plays an important protective role against HG-induced stress, primarily mediated by one of the two RT Lamp2As. Together, our results provide unequivocal evidence for CMA activity existence in RT and highlight both the role and regulation of CMA during glucose-related metabolic disorders.Abbreviations: AREs: antioxidant response elements; CHC: α-cyano -4-hydroxycinnamic acid; Chr: chromosome; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; CT: control; DMF: dimethyl fumarate; Emi: endosomal microautophagy; HG: high-glucose; HMOX1: heme oxygenase 1; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; KFERQ: lysine-phenylalanine-glutamate-arginine-glutamine; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LAMP2A: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A; MCC: Manders' correlation coefficient; Manders' correlation coefficient Mo: morpholino oligonucleotide; NAC: N-acetyl cysteine; NFE2L2/NRF2: NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2; PA-mCherry: photoactivable mCherry; PCC: Pearson's correlation coefficient; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RT: rainbow trout; siRNAs: small interfering RNAs; SOD: superoxide dismutase; Tsg101: tumor susceptibility 101; TTFA: 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone; WGD: whole-genome duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J. Vélez
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419 Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Simon Schnebert
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419 Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Maxime Goguet
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419 Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Sara Balbuena-Pecino
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419 Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Karine Dias
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419 Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Linda Beauclair
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419 Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Stéphanie Fontagné-Dicharry
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419 Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Vincent Véron
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419 Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Alexandra Depincé
- INRAE, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Florian Beaumatin
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419 Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Amaury Herpin
- INRAE, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Iban Seiliez
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419 Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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Jin AH, Qian YF, Ren J, Wang JG, Qiao F, Zhang ML, Du ZY, Luo Y. PDK inhibition promotes glucose utilization, reduces hepatic lipid deposition, and improves oxidative stress in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) by increasing pyruvate oxidative phosphorylation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108969. [PMID: 37488039 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
In omnivorous fish, the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs)-pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α subunit (PDHE1α) axis is essential in the regulation of carbohydrate oxidative catabolism. Among the existing research, the role of the PDKs-PDHE1α axis in carnivorous fish with poor glucose utilization is unclear. In the present study, we determined the effects of PDK inhibition on the liver glycolipid metabolism of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). DCA is a PDK-specific inhibitor that inhibits PDK by binding the allosteric sites. A total of 160 juvenile largemouth bass were randomly divided into two groups, with four replicates of 20 fish each, fed a control diet and a control diet supplemented with dichloroacetate (DCA) for 8 weeks. The present results showed that DCA supplementation significantly decreased the hepatosomatic index, triglycerides in liver and serum, and total liver lipids of largemouth bass compared with the control group. In addition, compared with the control group, DCA treatment significantly down-regulated gene expression associated with lipogenesis. Furthermore, DCA supplementation significantly decreased the mRNA expression of pdk3a and increased PDHE1α activity. In addition, DCA supplementation improved glucose oxidative catabolism and pyruvate oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the liver, as evidenced by low pyruvate content in the liver and up-regulated expressions of glycolysis-related and TCA cycle/OXPHOS-related genes. Moreover, DCA consumption decreased hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content, enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and increased transforming growth factor beta (tgf-β), glutathione S-transferase (gst), and superoxide dismutase 1 (sod1) gene expression compared with the control diet. This study demonstrated that inhibition of PDKs by DCA promoted glucose utilization, reduced hepatic lipid deposition, and improved oxidative stress in largemouth bass by increasing pyruvate OXPHOS. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the underlying mechanism of the PDKs-PDHE1α axis in glucose metabolism and improve the utilization of dietary carbohydrates in farmed carnivorous fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Hui Jin
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Fan Qian
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiong Ren
- HANOVE Research Center, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Jin-Gang Wang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Qiao
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Feng T, Tao Y, Yan Y, Lu S, Li Y, Zhang X, Qiang J. Transcriptional Inhibition of AGPAT2 Induces Abnormal Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in the Liver of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030700. [PMID: 36978948 PMCID: PMC10045202 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzyme 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2 (AGPAT2) is an intermediate enzyme in triglyceride synthesis. The aim was to study the regulatory mechanism of AGPAT2 on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. In this study, antisense RNA technology was used to knock-down AGPAT2 in Nile tilapia. Compared with the control groups (transfected with ultrapure water or the blank expression vector), the AGPAT2 knock-down group showed a significantly higher weight gain rate, special growth rate, visceral somatic index, and hepatopancreas somatic index; and significantly increased the total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin levels in serum. In addition, the contents of total cholesterol and triglycerides and the abundance of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the liver significantly increased, while the malondialdehyde content significantly decreased. The liver cells became severely vacuolated and accumulated lipids in the AGPAT2 knock-down group. Comparative transcriptome analyses (AGPAT2 knock-down vs. control group) revealed 1789 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 472 upregulated genes and 1313 downregulated genes in the AGPAT2 knock-down group. Functional analysis showed that the main pathway of differentially expressed genes enrichment was lipid metabolism and oxidative stress, such as steroid biosynthesis, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, the PPAR signaling pathway, and the P53 pathway. We used qRT-PCR to verify the mRNA expression changes of 13 downstream differential genes in related signaling pathways. These findings demonstrate that knock-down of AGPAT2 in tilapia leads to abnormal lipid metabolism and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Feng
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yifan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yue Yan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Siqi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Qiang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Correspondence:
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Metabolic adaptation to high-starch diet in largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides) was associated with the restoration of metabolic functions via inflammation, bile acid synthesis and energy metabolism. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:381-394. [PMID: 35473811 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A short-term 2-week (2w) and long-term 8-week (8w) feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of low-starch (LS) and high-starch (HS) diets on the growth performance, metabolism and liver health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Two isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing two levels of starch (LS, 9·06 %; HS, 13·56 %) were fed to largemouth bass. The results indicated that HS diet had no significant effects on specific growth rate during 2w, whereas significantly lowered specific growth rate at 8w. HS diet significantly increased hepatic glycolysis and gluconeogenesis at postprandial 24 h in 2w. The hepatosomatic index, plasma alkaline phosphatase, total bile acid (TBA) levels, and hepatic glycogen, TAG, total cholesterol, TBA, and NEFA contents were significantly increased in the HS group at 2w. Moreover, HS diet up-regulated fatty acid and TAG synthesis-related genes and down-regulated TAG hydrolysis and β-oxidation-related genes. Therefore, the glucolipid metabolism disorders resulted in metabolic liver disease induced by HS diet at 2w. However, the up-regulation of bile acid synthesis, inflammation and energy metabolism-related genes in 2w indicated that largemouth bass was still in a state of 'self-repair' response. Interestingly, all the metabolic parameters were returned to homoeostasis, with up-regulation of intestinal glucose uptake and transport-related genes, even hepatic histopathological analysis showed no obvious abnormality in the HS group in 8w. In conclusion, HS feed induced short-term acute metabolic disorder, but long-term metabolic adaptation to HS diet was related to repairing metabolism disorders via improving inflammatory responses, bile acid synthesis and energy metabolism. These results strongly indicated that the largemouth bass owned certain adaptability to HS diet.
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Effects of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on glucose and lipid metabolism of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed with high carbohydrate diet. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lei C, Xie Y, Song H, Jiang P, Du J, Li S. Different responses to glucose overload between two strains of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Front Physiol 2022; 13:1010633. [PMID: 36246125 PMCID: PMC9554351 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1010633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the glucose utilization capacity of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), responses to glucose overload between two strains (Y: breeding strain; W: wild strain) were compared at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h after glucose injection (1.67 g/kg). The data revealed that plasma glucose in the Y strain (<12 h) recovered faster than in the W strain (12 h), with the Y strain secreted more insulin within 6 h post-injection. Triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-CH) content in the Y strain increased, peaking at 12 h, then decreased, whereas the W strain’s TG content was not affected and VLDL-CH content decreased. The hepatic and muscular fatty acid synthetase, liver x receptor-1, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein expressions were consistent with the TG content change. Both strains’ liver and muscle glycogen contents exhibited similar trends to that of the glycogen synthase gene—increasing, then declining, and peaking at 6 and 12 h. The expression levels of hepatic and muscular phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase in the Y strain increased, peaking at 12 h. In the W strain, they were suppressed and reached the minimum at 24 h. The mRNA levels of hepatic and muscular phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase were enhanced and peaked at 24 h in both strains, hepatic isocitrate dehydrogenase-1, and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex expression increased after declining, peaking at 12 and 24 h. Two genes in the W strain’s muscles showed a similar trend. Both strains’ transcriptome results identified seven common functional genes for resistance to hyperglycemia that were involved in the circadian rhythm pathway, which is a suggested key pathway for coping with hyperglycemia. Furthermore, 48 differential genes were identified between the two strains, and these genes were enriched in the TGF-beta and cell cycle signaling pathways, indicating that these pathways may be key factors affecting the differential responses to glucose overload. We conducted a comprehensive comparison of glucose overload molecular responses between two strains of M. salmoides, and the results can provide a promising strategy to improve the glucose utilization capacity of M. salmoides based on advantageous pre-existing traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Lei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yujing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Song
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinxing Du
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Shengjie Li,
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Dai Y, Shen Y, Guo J, Yang H, Chen F, Zhang W, Wu W, Xu X, Li J. Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are involved of glucose metabolism adaptation during fasting and re-feeding in black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus). AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Gong N, Lundin J, Morgenroth D, Sheridan MA, Sandblom E, Björnsson BT. Roles of leptin in initiation of acquired growth hormone resistance and control of metabolism in rainbow trout. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 322:R434-R444. [PMID: 35293250 PMCID: PMC9018004 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00254.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Catabolic conditions often induce concomitant changes in plasma leptin (Lep), growth hormone (GH) and insulin growth factor I (IGF-I) levels in teleost fish, but it is unclear whether these parts of the endocrine system are responding independently or functionally linked. In this study, fasted rainbow trout was used to study the effects of Lep on the GH-IGF-I system and metabolism. Fish were implanted intraperitoneally with recombinant rainbow trout Lep pellets and remained unfed. After 4 days, plasma GH levels were elevated in the Lep-treated fish in a dose-dependent manner; the expression of hepatic igf1 and plasma IGF-I levels were suppressed accordingly. In vitro Lep treatment reversed ovine GH (oGH)-stimulated expression of igf1 and igf2 in hepatocytes isolated from fasted fish, similar to the inhibitory effects of the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 treatment. However, Lep treatment alone had no effect on the expression of igfs or oGH-stimulated ghr2a expression in the hepatocytes. These results demonstrate an additive effect of Lep on suppression of IGF-I under catabolic conditions, indicating that Lep is likely involved in initiation of acquired GH resistance. Although the Lep-implant treatment had no effect on standard metabolic rate, it significantly suppressed gene expression of hepatic hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose 6-phosphatase, which are key enzymes in lipid utilization and gluconeogenesis, in different patterns. Overall, this study indicates that the Lep increase in fasting salmonids is an important regulatory component for physiological adaptation during periods of food deprivation, involved in suppressing growth and hepatic metabolism to spare energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningping Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Jakob Lundin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Morgenroth
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mark A Sheridan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Erik Sandblom
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Thrandur Björnsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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11
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Blay C, Haffray P, D'Ambrosio J, Prado E, Dechamp N, Nazabal V, Bugeon J, Enez F, Causeur D, Eklouh-Molinier C, Petit V, Phocas F, Corraze G, Dupont-Nivet M. Genetic architecture and genomic selection of fatty acid composition predicted by Raman spectroscopy in rainbow trout. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:788. [PMID: 34732127 PMCID: PMC8564959 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In response to major challenges regarding the supply and sustainability of marine ingredients in aquafeeds, the aquaculture industry has made a large-scale shift toward plant-based substitutions for fish oil and fish meal. But, this also led to lower levels of healthful n−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)—especially eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids—in flesh. One potential solution is to select fish with better abilities to retain or synthesise PUFAs, to increase the efficiency of aquaculture and promote the production of healthier fish products. To this end, we aimed i) to estimate the genetic variability in fatty acid (FA) composition in visceral fat quantified by Raman spectroscopy, with respect to both individual FAs and groups under a feeding regime with limited n-3 PUFAs; ii) to study the genetic and phenotypic correlations between FAs and processing yields- and fat-related traits; iii) to detect QTLs associated with FA composition and identify candidate genes; and iv) to assess the efficiency of genomic selection compared to pedigree-based BLUP selection. Results Proportions of the various FAs in fish were indirectly estimated using Raman scattering spectroscopy. Fish were genotyped using the 57 K SNP Axiom™ Trout Genotyping Array. Following quality control, the final analysis contained 29,652 SNPs from 1382 fish. Heritability estimates for traits ranged from 0.03 ± 0.03 (n-3 PUFAs) to 0.24 ± 0.05 (n-6 PUFAs), confirming the potential for genomic selection. n-3 PUFAs are positively correlated to a decrease in fat deposition in the fillet and in the viscera but negatively correlated to body weight. This highlights the potential interest to combine selection on FA and against fat deposition to improve nutritional merit of aquaculture products. Several QTLs were identified for FA composition, containing multiple candidate genes with indirect links to FA metabolism. In particular, one region on Omy1 was associated with n-6 PUFAs, monounsaturated FAs, linoleic acid, and EPA, while a region on Omy7 had effects on n-6 PUFAs, EPA, and linoleic acid. When we compared the effectiveness of breeding programmes based on genomic selection (using a reference population of 1000 individuals related to selection candidates) or on pedigree-based selection, we found that the former yielded increases in selection accuracy of 12 to 120% depending on the FA trait. Conclusion This study reveals the polygenic genetic architecture for FA composition in rainbow trout and confirms that genomic selection has potential to improve EPA and DHA proportions in aquaculture species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08062-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Blay
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Jonathan D'Ambrosio
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,SYSAAF, Station LPGP-INRAE, Rennes, France
| | - Enora Prado
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, ScanMAT - UMS 2001, Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Dechamp
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Virginie Nazabal
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, ScanMAT - UMS 2001, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - David Causeur
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques Appliquées, IRMAR, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Florence Phocas
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Geneviève Corraze
- INRAE, University of Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 NuMéA, St Pée sur, Nivelle, France
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12
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Favalier N, Véron V, Marchand M, Surget A, Maunas P, Turonnet N, Panserat S, Marandel L. Short-Term Effect of a Low-Protein High-Carbohydrate Diet on Mature Female and Male, and Neomale Rainbow Trout. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116149. [PMID: 34200395 PMCID: PMC8201289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rainbow trout are considered as a poor user of dietary carbohydrates, displaying persistent postprandial hyperglycaemia when fed a diet containing high amounts of carbohydrates. While this phenotype is well-described in juveniles, less attention was given to broodstock. Our objective was to assess for the first time the short-term consequences of feeding mature female and male, and neomale trout with a low-protein high-carbohydrate diet on glucose and lipid metabolism. Fish were fed for two days with a diet containing either no or 32% of carbohydrates. We analysed plasma metabolites, mRNA levels and enzymatic activities of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, de novo lipogenesis and β-oxidation in the liver. Results demonstrated that the glucose and lipid metabolism were regulated by the nutritional status in all sexes, irrespective of the carbohydrate intake. These data point out that carbohydrate intake during a short period (5 meals) at 8 °C did not induce specific metabolic changes in broodstock. Finally, we demonstrated, for the first time, sex differences regarding the consequences of two days of feeding on glucose and lipid metabolism.
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13
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Rodde C, de Verdal H, Vandeputte M, Allal F, Nati J, Besson M, Blasco FR, Benzie JAH, McKenzie DJ. An investigation of links between metabolic rate and feed efficiency in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skab152. [PMID: 33966070 PMCID: PMC8219042 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed efficiency (FE) is the amount of body weight gain for a given feed intake. Improving FE through selective breeding is key for sustainable finfish aquaculture but its evaluation at individual level is technically challenging. We therefore investigated whether individual routine metabolic rate (RMR) was a predictor of individual FE in the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax, a major species in European mariculture. The European sea bass has three genetically distinct populations across its geographical range, namely Atlantic (AT), West Mediterranean (WM), and East Mediterranean (EM). We compared FE and RMR of fish from these three populations at 18 or 24 °C. We held 200 fish (62 AT, 66 WM, and 72 EM) in individual aquaria and fed them from ad libitum down to fasting. FI was assessed for an ad libitum feeding rate and for a fixed restricted ration (1% of metabolic body weight·day-1, with metabolic body weight = body weight0.8). After being refed 12 wk in a common tank, individual RMR was measured over 36 h by intermittent flow respirometry. There was a significant effect of temperature whereby fish at 18 °C had greater mean FE (P < 0.05) and lower RMR (P < 0.001). There was also a significant effect of population, where AT fish had lower FE (P < 0.05) and greater RMR (P < 0.001) than WM and EM, at both temperatures. Despite these differences in temperature and population means, individual FE and RMR were not significantly correlated (P > 0.05). Therefore, although the results provide evidence of an association between metabolic rate and FE, RMR was not a predictor of individual FE, for reasons that require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Rodde
- CIRAD, UMR ISEM, 34398 Montpellier, France
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 34095 Montpellier, France
- Worldfish, Jalan Batu Maung, Bayan Lepas, 11960 Penang, Malaysia
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Hugues de Verdal
- CIRAD, UMR ISEM, 34398 Montpellier, France
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Vandeputte
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - François Allal
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Julie Nati
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Mathieu Besson
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France
- SYSAAF Section Aquacole, Campus de Beaulieu, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Felipe R Blasco
- Laboratório de Zoofisiologia e Bioquímica Comparativa, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brasil
| | - John A H Benzie
- Worldfish, Jalan Batu Maung, Bayan Lepas, 11960 Penang, Malaysia
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - David J McKenzie
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France
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14
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Maulu S, Liang H, Ge X, Yu H, Huang D, Ke J, Ren M, Mi H. Effect of dietary Clostridium autoethanogenum protein on growth, body composition, plasma parameters and hepatic genes expression related to growth and AMPK/TOR/PI3K signaling pathway of the genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT: Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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15
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Han H, Wang Z, Wang J, Wang T, Li Y, Guan D, Sun H. Impact of high dietary cornstarch level on growth, antioxidant response, and immune status in GIFT tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6678. [PMID: 33758306 PMCID: PMC7988106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between different cornstarch levels in tilapia diet and immune function. All test fish were fed with three cornstarch levels: low-cornstarch (0, LS), medium-cornstarch (18%, MS) and high-cornstarch (36%, HS) diets. Three hundred and sixty fish (initial mean body weight 31.73 ± 1.36 g) were randomly allocated into twelve water-circulated tanks, and thirty fish per tank. Compared with the low and medium cornstarch diets, the results of growth showed that the high cornstarch diet significantly decreased the FBW, WGR, and SGR, and increased the FCR of tilapia (P < 0.05). The high cornstarch diet significantly decreased the content of crude protein and increased the content of crude lipid in whole body composition (P < 0.05). Moreover, the VSI and CF in HS diet were significantly higher than those of LS diet (P < 0.05). The results of blood biochemical index exhibited that the HS diet significantly increased the content of blood glucose, and liver/muscle glycogen (P < 0.05). The results of antioxidant experiments demonstrated that the content of SOD and T-AOC in MS diet were significantly higher than those of HS diet (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the content of MDA in MS diet was significantly lower than that of HS diet (P < 0.05). The results of immune index test showed that the lysozyme activities in the serum, liver, and gill, and the phagocytic activity and index in MS diet were significantly higher than those of HS diet (P < 0.05). The challenge assay results revealed that the mortality rate of HS diet was higher than those of LS and MS diets, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the overall results suggested that the 36% cornstarch diet reduced not only the growth performance, but also body immunity. Under this experimental condition, GIFT tilapia could tolerate 18% cornstarch, but not 36% cornstarch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Han
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Environmental Health, Shandong Agricultural University,, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018 Shandong Province China
| | - Zhen Wang
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Environmental Health, Shandong Agricultural University,, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018 Shandong Province China
| | - Jiting Wang
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Environmental Health, Shandong Agricultural University,, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018 Shandong Province China
| | - Tingting Wang
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Environmental Health, Shandong Agricultural University,, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018 Shandong Province China
| | - Yang Li
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Environmental Health, Shandong Agricultural University,, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018 Shandong Province China
| | - Dongyan Guan
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Environmental Health, Shandong Agricultural University,, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018 Shandong Province China
| | - Huiwen Sun
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Environmental Health, Shandong Agricultural University,, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018 Shandong Province China
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16
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Soengas JL. Integration of Nutrient Sensing in Fish Hypothalamus. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:653928. [PMID: 33716662 PMCID: PMC7953060 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.653928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge regarding hypothalamic integration of metabolic and endocrine signaling resulting in regulation of food intake is scarce in fish. Available studies pointed to a network in which the activation of the nutrient-sensing (glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid) systems would result in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibition and activation of protein kinase B (Akt) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Changes in these signaling pathways would control phosphorylation of transcription factors cAMP response-element binding protein (CREB), forkhead box01 (FoxO1), and brain homeobox transcription factor (BSX) leading to food intake inhibition through changes in the expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related peptide (AgRP), pro-opio melanocortin (POMC), and cocaine and amphetamine-related transcript (CART). The present mini-review summarizes information on the topic and identifies gaps for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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17
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Velasco C, Conde-Sieira M, Comesaña S, Chivite M, Díaz-Rúa A, Míguez JM, Soengas JL. The long-chain fatty acid receptors FFA1 and FFA4 are involved in food intake regulation in fish brain. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb227330. [PMID: 32665445 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.227330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that the free fatty acid receptors FFA1 and FFA4 might be involved in the anorectic response observed in fish after rising levels of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) such as oleate. In one experiment we demonstrated that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) treatment of rainbow trout with FFA1 and FFA4 agonists elicited an anorectic response 2, 6 and 24 h after treatment. In a second experiment, the same i.c.v. treatment resulted after 2 h in an enhancement in the mRNA abundance of anorexigenic neuropeptides pomca1 and cartpt and a decrease in the values of orexigenic peptides npy and agrp1 These changes occurred in parallel with those observed in the mRNA abundance and/or protein levels of the transcription factors Creb, Bsx and FoxO1, protein levels and phosphorylation status of Ampkα and Akt, and mRNA abundance of plcb1 and itrp3 Finally, we assessed in a third experiment the response of all these parameters after 2 h of i.c.v. treatment with oleate (the endogenous ligand of both free fatty acid receptors) alone or in the presence of FFA1 and FFA4 antagonists. Most effects of oleate disappeared in the presence of FFA1 and FFA4 antagonists. The evidence obtained supports the involvement of FFA1 and FFA4 in fatty acid sensing in fish brain, and thus involvement in food intake regulation through mechanisms not exactly comparable (differential response of neuropeptides and cellular signalling) to those known in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Velasco
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Conde-Sieira
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Sara Comesaña
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Mauro Chivite
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Adrián Díaz-Rúa
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Jesús M Míguez
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - José L Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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18
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Taj S, Irm M, Jin M, Yuan Y, Andriamialinirina HJT, Zhou Q. Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate to Lipid Ratios on Growth Performance, Muscle Fatty Acid Composition, and Intermediary Metabolism in Juvenile Black Seabream ( Acanthopagrus schlegelii). Front Physiol 2020; 11:507. [PMID: 32581826 PMCID: PMC7283952 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary carbohydrate to lipid (CHO:L) ratios on growth performance, muscle fatty acid composition, and intermediary metabolism in juvenile black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii). Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets (48.0% crude protein and 18.0 MJ kg-1 gross energy) were formulated to contain different CHO:L ratios ranging from 0.33 to 3.75. Triplicate groups of 20 fish averaging 0.51 ± 0.01 g were fed with experimental diets twice daily to apparent satiation. The results indicated that final body weight (FBW), percentage weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly influenced by the dietary CHO:L ratios (p < 0.05). The highest FBW, PWG, and SGR were observed in fish fed the diet with a CHO:L ratio of 1.36 (p < 0.05). A two-slope broken-line regression analysis based on PWG indicated that the optimal dietary CHO:L is 1.08. Lipid content in the whole body decreased, and glycogen concentration in the liver increased with the increase of dietary CHO:L ratios from 0.33 to 3.75 (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between muscle fatty acid composition and dietary fatty acid composition. The relative expression levels of genes involved in glucose metabolism, such as gk, pepck, and glut2 were upregulated by increasing the dietary CHO:L ratio. Also, the mRNA expression level of genes related to lipid synthesis, such as fas and accα were significantly upregulated with dietary CHO:L ratios increasing from 0.33 to 3.75. The highest expression of genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation, such as cpt1 and acox1, were observed in fish fed the 1.36 CHO:L ratio diet. The gene expression of Δ6 fatty acyl desaturase (fads2) in the liver significantly increased with increase of dietary CHO:L ratios from 0.33 to 3.75. Fish fed the diet with CHO:L ratios of 2.26 and 3.75 had lower expression levels of elovl5 than those fed the other diets. These results demonstrate that dietary optimal CHO:L ratios could improve PWG and SGR but also influence expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Based on the overall results, the optimal dietary CHO:L ratio is 1.08 for black seabream.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | | | | | - Qicun Zhou
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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19
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Blanco AM, Bertucci JI, Soengas JL, Unniappan S. In vitro insulin treatment reverses changes elicited by nutrients in cellular metabolic processes that regulate food intake in fish. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb213454. [PMID: 32179544 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.213454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This research assessed the direct effects of insulin on nutrient-sensing mechanisms in the brain of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using an in vitro approach. Cultured hypothalamus and hindbrain were exposed to 1 µmol l-1 insulin for 3 h, and signals involved in appetite regulation and nutrient-sensing mechanisms were measured. Additionally, the involvement of the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway in the actions of insulin was studied by using the inhibitor wortmannin. Treatment with insulin alone did not elicit many changes in the appetite regulators and nutrient-sensing-related genes and enzymes tested in the hypothalamus and hindbrain. However, we found that, when insulin and nutrients were added together, insulin reversed most of the effects exerted by nutrients alone, suggesting that insulin changes responsiveness to nutrients at the central level. Effects reversed by insulin included expression levels of genes related to the sensing of both glucose (slc2a2, slc5a1, gck, pck1, pklr, g6pcb, gys1, tas1r3 and nr1h3 in the hindbrain, and slc2a2, pklr and pck1 in the hypothalamus) and fatty acid (cd36 in the hindbrain, and cd36 and acly in the hypothalamus). Nutrient-induced changes in the activity of Acly and Cpt-1 in the hindbrain and of Pepck, Acly, Fas and Hoad in the hypothalamus were also reversed by insulin. Most of the insulin effects disappeared in the presence of wortmannin, suggesting the PI3K/Akt pathway is a mediator of the effects of insulin reported here. This study adds new information to our knowledge of the mechanisms regulating nutrient sensing in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén M Blanco
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B4
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña-CIM, Universidade de Vigo, 36330 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Juan I Bertucci
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B4
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B3
| | - José L Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña-CIM, Universidade de Vigo, 36330 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Suraj Unniappan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B4
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20
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The characteristics of glucose homoeostasis in grass carp and Chinese longsnout catfish after oral starch administration: a comparative study between herbivorous and carnivorous species of fish. Br J Nutr 2020; 123:627-641. [PMID: 31813383 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519003234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An oral starch administration trial was used to evaluate glucose homoeostasis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris Günther). Fish were administered with 3 g of a water and starch mixture (with 3:2 ratio) per 100 g body weight after fasting for 48 h. Fish were sampled at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after oral starch administration. In grass carp, plasma levels of glucose peaked at 3 h but returned to baseline at 6 h. However, in Chinese longsnout catfish, plasma glucose levels peaked at 6 h and returned to baseline at 48 h. The activity of intestinal amylase was increased in grass carp at 1 and 3 h, but no significant change in Chinese longsnout catfish was observed. The activity of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase fell significantly in grass carp but change was not evident in Chinese longsnout catfish. The expression levels and enzymic activity of hepatic pyruvate kinase increased in grass carp, but no significant changes were observed in the Chinese longsnout catfish. Glycogen synthase (gys) and glycogen phosphorylase (gp) were induced in grass carp. However, there was no significant change in gys and a clear down-regulation of gp in Chinese longsnout catfish. In brief, compared with Chinese longsnout catfish, grass carp exhibited a rapid increase and faster clearance rate of plasma glucose. This effect was closely related to significantly enhanced levels of digestion, glycolysis, glycogen metabolism and glucose-induced lipogenesis in grass carp, as well as the inhibition of gluconeogenesis.
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21
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Palma M, Trenkner LH, Rito J, Tavares LC, Silva E, Glencross BD, Jones JG, Wade NM, Viegas I. Limitations to Starch Utilization in Barramundi ( Lates calcarifer) as Revealed by NMR-Based Metabolomics. Front Physiol 2020; 11:205. [PMID: 32265728 PMCID: PMC7098972 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Practical diets for commercial barramundi production rarely contain greater than 10% starch, used mainly as a binding agent during extrusion. Alternative ingredients such as digestible starch have shown some capacity to spare dietary protein catabolism to generate glucose. In the present study, a carnivorous fish species, the Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) was subjected to two diets with the same digestible energy: Protein (P) – with high protein content (no digestible starch); and Starch (S) – with high digestible (pregelatinized) starch content. The effects of a high starch content diet on hepatic glycogen synthesis as well as the muscle and liver metabolome were studied using a complementary approach of 1H and 2H NMR. The hepatosomatic index was lower for fish fed high starch content diet while the concentration of hepatic glycogen was similar between groups. However, increased glycogen synthesis via the direct pathway was observed in the fish fed high starch content diet which is indicative of increased carbohydrate utilization. Multivariate analysis also showed differences between groups in the metabolome of both tissues. Univariate analysis revealed more variations in liver than in muscle of fish fed high starch content diet. Variations in metabolome were generally in agreement with the increase in the glycogen synthesis through direct pathway, however, this metabolic shift seemed to be insufficient to keep the growth rate as ensured by the diet with high protein content. Although liver glycogen does not make up a substantial quantity of total stored dietary energy in carnivorous fish, it is a key regulatory intermediate in dietary energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Palma
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lauren H Trenkner
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - João Rito
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ludgero C Tavares
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Emanuel Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Brett D Glencross
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John G Jones
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nicholas M Wade
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ivan Viegas
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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22
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Comesaña S, Velasco C, Conde-Sieira M, Otero-Rodiño C, Míguez JM, Soengas JL. Central Treatment of Ketone Body in Rainbow Trout Alters Liver Metabolism Without Apparently Altering the Regulation of Food Intake. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1206. [PMID: 31620022 PMCID: PMC6759561 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesize that the presence in fish brain of a ketone body (KB) like β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) alters energy homeostasis through effects on food intake and peripheral energy metabolism. Using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as a model, we intracerebroventricularly (ICV) administered 1 μl 100 g–1 body mass of saline solution alone (control) or containing 0.5 μmol of BHB. In a fist set of experiments, BHB did not affect food intake 6 and 24 h after treatment. In a second set of experiments, we evaluated 6 h after ICV BHB treatment changes in parameters putatively related to food intake control in brain areas (hypothalamus and hindbrain) involved in nutrient sensing and changes in energy metabolism in liver. The absence of changes in food intake might relate to the absence of major changes in the cascade of events from the detection of KB through ketone-sensing mechanisms, changes in transcription factors, and changes in the mRNA abundance of neuropeptides regulating food intake. This response is different than that of mammals. In contrast, central administration of BHB induced changes in liver energy metabolism suggesting a decreased use of glucose and probably an enhanced use of amino acid and lipid. These responses in liver are different to those of mammals under similar treatments but comparable to those occurring in fish under food deprivation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Comesaña
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña-CIM, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Cristina Velasco
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña-CIM, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Conde-Sieira
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña-CIM, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Cristina Otero-Rodiño
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña-CIM, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jesús M Míguez
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña-CIM, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José L Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña-CIM, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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23
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Li H, Xu W, Jin J, Zhu X, Yang Y, Han D, Liu H, Xie S. Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate and Lipid Concentrations on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Glucose, and Lipid Metabolism in Two Strains of Gibel Carp. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:165. [PMID: 31192238 PMCID: PMC6549441 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that effects of dietary carbohydrate and lipid concentrations on growth performance, feeding utilization, glucose and lipid metabolism in gibel carp A strain may be differ from F strain, these two strain of gibel carp were fed with one of three different isonitrogenous diets: HCLL (45% carbohydrate, 2% lipid), MCML (30% carbohydrate, 8% lipid), or LCHL (15% carbohydrate, 14% lipid). After 8 weeks, the HCLL-fed fish had the highest hepatosomatic index, hepatic crude lipid levels, and triglyceride levels and lipid retention efficiency. Enhanced lipogenesis and lipid uptake potential were observed in fish fed HCLL and MCML diets. Moreover, increases in glucose transport (glut2, P = 0.003) and glycolysis (gk, P = 0.012; 6pfk, P = 0.005) in livers of both strains were induced by the high-carbohydrate diet. Genotype-specific effect was identified on plasma lipid content. Plasma triglyceride levels were also greater in the F strain than in the A strain. Furthermore, the F strain had higher levels of fatty acid β-oxidation and glycolysis compared with the A strain. Nutrient retention was affected (P < 0.05) by the interaction between genotype and diet, implied dietary carbohydrate played a vital role in lipid accumulation in gibel carp. As dietary lipids increased, the F strain exhibited better feed utilization and a higher PRE than the A strain. However, the A strain had better growth performance. Overall, the F strain had better glucose uptake, glycolysis potential, and lipid utilization ability than the A strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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24
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Velasco C, Comesaña S, Conde-Sieira M, Míguez JM, Soengas JL. Effects of CCK-8 and GLP-1 on fatty acid sensing and food intake regulation in trout. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 62:101-116. [PMID: 30608904 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesize that cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are involved in the modulation of metabolic regulation of food intake by fatty acids in fish. Therefore, we assessed in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) the effects of intracerebroventricular treatment with 1 ng/g of CCK-8 and with 2 ng/g of GLP-1 on food intake, expression of neuropeptides involved in food intake control and the activity of fatty acid-sensing systems in hypothalamus and hindbrain. Food intake decreased up to 24 h post-treatment to 49.8-72.3% and 3.1-17.8% for CCK-8 and GLP-1, respectively. These anorectic responses are associated with changes in fatty acid metabolism and an activation of fatty acid-sensing mechanisms in the hypothalamus and hindbrain. These changes occurred in parallel with those in the expression of anorexigenic and orexigenic peptides. Moreover, we observed that the activation of fatty acid sensing and the enhanced anorectic potential elicited by CCK-8 and GLP-1 treatments occurred in parallel with the activation of mTOR and FoxO1 and the inhibition of AMPKα, BSX and CREB. The results are discussed in the context of metabolic regulation of food intake in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Velasco
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sara Comesaña
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Conde-Sieira
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jesús M Míguez
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José L Soengas
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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25
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Castro C, Couto A, Diógenes AF, Corraze G, Panserat S, Serra CR, Oliva-Teles A. Vegetable oil and carbohydrate-rich diets marginally affected intestine histomorphology, digestive enzymes activities, and gut microbiota of gilthead sea bream juveniles. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:681-695. [PMID: 30367427 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
For an increased incorporation of plant ingredients in aquafeeds at the expense of fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO), more knowledge is needed on the effects at the intestine level of dietary vegetable oils (VO) and carbohydrates (CH), and of possible interactions. For that purpose, in this study, the activities of digestive pancreatic enzymes (amylase, lipase, total alkaline proteases), gut microbiota, and histomorphology were assessed in gilthead sea bream (IBW 71.0 ± 1.5 g) fed four diets differing in lipid source (FO or a blend of VO) and carbohydrate content (0% or 20% gelatinized starch) for 81 days. No major changes in digestive enzyme activities were noticed in fish fed the experimental diets. Dietary VO, but not CH content, modified intestinal microbial profile, by increasing the similarity of bacterial communities. Especially when combined with CH, dietary VO promoted abnormal enterocyte architecture. Liver histology was also accessed, and an increased cytoplasmic vacuolization of hepatocytes was related with dietary CH inclusion, being only significantly different in fish fed FO-based diets. Overall, nutritional interactions between dietary lipid source and carbohydrate content were not observed on digestive enzyme activities and microbial profile. However, the intestine histological modifications observed in fish fed the VOCH+ diet suggest a negative interaction between dietary VO and CH. This requires a more in depth assessment in future studies as it can have negative consequences at a functional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Castro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Couto
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandre F Diógenes
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Geneviève Corraze
- INRA-UPPA UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism Aquaculture, Aquapôle, 64310, St-Pee-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- INRA-UPPA UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism Aquaculture, Aquapôle, 64310, St-Pee-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Cláudia R Serra
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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26
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Viegas I, Trenkner LH, Rito J, Palma M, Tavares LC, Jones JG, Glencross BD, Wade NM. Impact of dietary starch on extrahepatic tissue lipid metabolism in farmed European (Dicentrarchus labrax) and Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 231:170-176. [PMID: 30818019 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In aquaculture, there is high interest in substituting marine-derived with vegetable-based ingredients as energy source. Farmed carnivorous fish under high carbohydrate diets tend to increase adiposity but it remains unclear if this happens by increased lipid retention/accumulation, promotion of lipogenic pathways, or both. In order to determine the response of extrahepatic tissue to dietary starch, European (Dicentrarchus labrax) and Asian (Lates calcarifer) seabass were fed a control (low starch; LS) or experimental (high starch; HS) diet, for at least 21 days and then transferred for 6 days to saltwater enriched with deuterated water 2H2O. Incorporation of 2H-labelling follows well-defined metabolic steps, and analysis of triacylglycerols (TAG) 2H-enrichment by 2HNMR allowed evaluation of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in muscle and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Fractional synthetic rates for TAG-bound fatty acids and glycerol were quantified separately providing a detailed lipogenic profile. The FA profile differed substantially between muscle and VAT in both species, but their lipogenic fluxes revealed even greater differences. In European seabass, HS promoted DNL of TAG-bound FA, in muscle and VAT. High 2H-enrichment also found in muscle TAG-bound glycerol was indicative of its role on lipid cycling. In Asian seabass, HS had no effect on muscle FA composition and lipogenic flux, with no 2H-enriched TAG being detected. VAT on the other hand revealed a strong enhancement of DNL in HS-fed fish along with high TAG-bound glycerol cycling. This study consolidated the use of 2H2O as tracer for fish lipid metabolism in different tissues, under different dietary conditions and suitable to use in different fish models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Viegas
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Lauren H Trenkner
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; School of Agricultural and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - João Rito
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Palma
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ludgero C Tavares
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - John G Jones
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Brett D Glencross
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Nicholas M Wade
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
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27
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Jiang GZ, Shi HJ, Xu C, Zhang DD, Liu WB, Li XF. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala: molecular characterization, tissue distribution, and the responsiveness to dietary carbohydrate levels. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:401-415. [PMID: 30225750 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the full-length cDNA of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) from Megalobrama amblycephala with its responses to dietary carbohydrate levels characterized. The cDNA obtained covered 2768 bp with an open reading frame of 1572 bp. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of conservation (77-97%) among most fish and other higher vertebrates. The highest transcription of G6PD was observed in kidney followed by liver, whereas relatively low abundance was detected in eye. Then, the transcriptions and activities of G6PD as well as lipid contents were determined in the liver, muscle, and the adipose tissue of fish fed two dietary carbohydrate levels (30 and 42%) for 12 weeks. Hepatic transcriptions of fatty acid synthetase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACCα), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) were also measured to corroborate the lipogenesis derived from carbohydrates. The G6PD expressions and activities in both liver and the adipose tissue as well as the lipid contents in whole-body, liver, and the adipose tissue all increased significantly after high-carbohydrate feeding. Hepatic transcriptions of FAS, ACCα, SREBP1, and PPARγ were also up-regulated remarkably by the intake of a high-carbohydrate diet. These results indicated that the G6PD of M. amblycephala shared a high similarity with that of other vertebrates. Its expressions and activities in tissues were both highly inducible by high-carbohydrate feeding, as also held true for the transcriptions of other enzymes and/or transcription factors involved in lipogenesis, evidencing an enhanced lipogenesis by high dietary carbohydrate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Juan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Betancor MB, Olsen RE, Marandel L, Skulstad OF, Madaro A, Tocher DR, Panserat S. Impact of Dietary Carbohydrate/Protein Ratio on Hepatic Metabolism in Land-Locked Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.). Front Physiol 2018; 9:1751. [PMID: 30574094 PMCID: PMC6291493 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A common-garden experiment was carried out to compare two genetically distinct strains of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets with either high (CHO) or low (NoCHO) digestible carbohydrate (starch). Twenty salmon from either a commercial farmed strain (F) or a land-locked population (G) were placed in two tanks (10 fish of each population in each tank) and fed either CHO or NoCHO feeds. At the end of the experiment fish were fasted for 8 h, euthanized and blood and liver collected. Both diet and population had an effect on circulating glucose levels with G showing hypoglycaemia and dietary starch increasing this parameter. In contrast, G showed increased plasma triacylglycerol levels regardless of dietary treatment suggesting faster conversion of glucose to triacylglycerol. This different ability to metabolize dietary starch among strains was also reflected at a molecular (gene) level as most of the metabolic pathways evaluated were mainly affected by the factor population rather than by diet. The data are promising and suggest different regulatory capacities toward starch utilization between land-locked salmon and the farmed stock. Further analyses are necessary in order to fully characterize the capacity of land-locked salmon to utilize dietary carbohydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica B Betancor
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Rolf E Olsen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lucie Marandel
- INRA-UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Stephane Panserat
- INRA-UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
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29
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Differential Role of Hypothalamic AMPKα Isoforms in Fish: an Evolutive Perspective. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:5051-5066. [PMID: 30460617 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1 and α2 isoforms mainly relate to regulation of thermogenesis/liver metabolism and food intake, respectively. Since both isoforms are present in fish, which do not thermoregulate, we assessed their role(s) in hypothalamus regarding control of food intake and energy homeostasis. Since many fish species are carnivorous and mostly mammals are omnivorous, assessing if the role of hypothalamic AMPK is different is also an open question. Using the rainbow trout as a fish model, we first observed that food deprivation for 5 days did not significantly increase phosphorylation status of AMPKα in hypothalamus. Then, we administered adenoviral vectors that express dominant negative (DN) AMPKα1 or AMPKα2 isoforms. The inhibition of AMPKα2 (but not AMPKα1) led to decreased food intake. The central inhibition of AMPKα2 resulted in liver with decreased capacity of use and synthesis of glucose, lipids, and amino acids suggesting that a signal of nutrient abundance flows from hypothalamus to the liver, thus suggesting a role for central AMPKα2 in the regulation of peripheral metabolism in fishes. The central inhibition of AMPKα1 induced comparable changes in liver metabolism though at a lower extent. From an evolutionary point of view, it is of interest that the function of central AMPKα2 remained similar throughout the vertebrate lineage. In contrast, the function of central AMPKα1 in fish relates to modulation of liver metabolism whereas in mammals modulates not only liver metabolism but also brown adipose tissue and thermogenesis.
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Song X, Marandel L, Skiba-Cassy S, Corraze G, Dupont-Nivet M, Quillet E, Geurden I, Panserat S. Regulation by Dietary Carbohydrates of Intermediary Metabolism in Liver and Muscle of Two Isogenic Lines of Rainbow Trout. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1579. [PMID: 30483148 PMCID: PMC6243097 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is recognized as a typical "glucose-intolerant" fish, and the limits of dietary carbohydrate utilization have been investigated for many years. In this study, the objective was to test the molecular effects of dietary carbohydrates on intermediary metabolism in two major metabolic tissues, liver and muscle. Another objective was also to study if the response to carbohydrate intake depended on the genetic background. We fed two isogenic lines of rainbow trout (named A22h and N38h) with high carbohydrate diet (carbohydrate, 22.9%) or low carbohydrate diet (carbohydrate, 3.6%) for 12 weeks. Carbohydrates were associated with higher feed utilization owned by the well-known protein-sparing effect, with better fish growth performance. However, atypical regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in liver and absence of hk and glut4 induction in muscle, were also observed. Regarding the effects of carbohydrates on other metabolism, we observed an increased, at a molecular level, of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis, fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial energy metabolism. Genetic variability (revealed by the differences between the two isogenic lines) was observed for some metabolic genes especially for those involved in the EPA and DHA biosynthetic capacity. Finally, our study demonstrates that dietary carbohydrate not only affect glucose metabolism but also strongly impact the lipid and energy metabolism in liver and muscle of trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Song
- UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, E2S UPPA, INRA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lucie Marandel
- UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, E2S UPPA, INRA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, E2S UPPA, INRA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Geneviève Corraze
- UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, E2S UPPA, INRA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | | | - Edwige Quillet
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Inge Geurden
- UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, E2S UPPA, INRA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Stephane Panserat
- UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, E2S UPPA, INRA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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Jin J, Yang Y, Zhu X, Han D, Liu H, Xie S. Effects of glucose administration on glucose and lipid metabolism in two strains of gibel carp (Carassius gibelio). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 267:18-28. [PMID: 29802832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We compared the glucose clearance ability of gibel carp CAS III (A strain) with gibel carp Dongting (DT strain). A previous study suggested that these two strains responded to insulin differently. As insulin plays an important role in glucose utilization, we hypothesized that the ability to eliminate excess glucose after a glucose load would differ between A strain and DT strain. To test this hypothesis, fasted specimens of both strains of gibel carp were injected with glucose. As expected, glucose induced hyperglycemia in both A strain and DT strain. In both strains, mRNA levels of the glycolytic enzyme 6-phosphofructokinase (6PFK) increased in the white skeletal muscle 8 h post-injection, while expression levels of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) decreased in the liver 8 h post-injection. In the DT strain, both GLUT4 expression and muscular glycolytic processes increased, as reflected by elevated hexokinase 2 (HK2) and pyruvate kinase (PK) mRNA expression levels. The DT strain also returned to basal glycemia more quickly than the A strain (within 6 h versus more than 12 h). The glycogen concentration in the liver of the DT strain was higher than that of the A strain, indicating that the DT strain was better able to store glucose as glycogen than the A strain. Overall, the DT strain was better able to clear excess blood glucose after the glucose tolerance test than the A strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Conde-Sieira M, Ceinos RM, Velasco C, Comesaña S, López-Patiño MA, Míguez JM, Soengas JL. Response of rainbow trout’s (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hypothalamus to glucose and oleate assessed through transcription factors BSX, ChREBP, CREB, and FoxO1. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2018; 204:893-904. [DOI: 10.1007/s00359-018-1288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Muscle transcriptome resource for growth, lipid metabolism and immune system in Hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha. Genes Genomics 2018; 41:1-15. [PMID: 30196475 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-018-0732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The information on the genes involved in muscle growth, lipid metabolism and immune systems would help to understand the mechanisms during the spawning migration in Hilsa shad, which in turn would be useful in its future domestication process. The primary objective of this study was to generate the transcriptome profile of its muscle through RNA seq. The total RNA was isolated and library was prepared from muscle tissue of Tenualosa ilisha, which was collected from Padma River at Farakka, India. The prepared library was then sequenced by Illumina HiSeq platform, HiSeq 2000, using paired-end strategy. A total of 8.68 GB of pair-end reads of muscle transcriptome was generated, and 43,384,267 pair-end reads were assembled into 3,04,233 contigs, of which 23.99% of assembled contigs has length ≥ 150 bp. The total GO terms were categorised into cellular component, molecular function and biological process through PANTHER database. Fifty-three genes related to muscle growth were identified and genes in different pathways were: 75 in PI3/AKT, 46 in mTOR, 76 in MAPK signalling, 24 in Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription, 45 in AMPK and 27 in cGMP pathways. This study also mined the genes involved in lipid metabolism, in which glycerophospholipid metabolism contained highest number of genes (32) and four were found to be involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. There were 58 immune related genes found, in which 31 were under innate and 27 under adaptive immunity. The present study included a large genomic resource of T. ilisha muscle generated through RNAseq, which revealed the essential dataset for our understanding of regulatory processes, specifically during the seasonal spawning migration. As Hilsa is a slow growing fish, the genes identified for muscle growth provided the basic information to study myogenesis. In addition, genes identified for lipid metabolism and immune system would provide resources for lipid synthesis and understanding of Hilsa defense mechanisms, respectively.
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Ricaud K, Rey M, Plagnes-Juan E, Larroquet L, Even M, Quillet E, Skiba-Cassy S, Panserat S. Composition of Intestinal Microbiota in Two Lines of Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Divergently Selected for Muscle Fat Content. Open Microbiol J 2018; 12:308-320. [PMID: 30288186 PMCID: PMC6142665 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801812010308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, studies suggest that gut microbiota contributes to the development of obesity in mammals. In rainbow trout, little is known about the role of intestinal microbiota in host physiology. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the link between intestinal microbiota and adiposity, by high-throughput 16S RNA gene based illumina Miseq sequencing in two rainbow trout lines divergently selected for muscle lipid content. Fish from these two lines of rainbow trout are known to have a differing lipid metabolism. Methods Samples from the two lines (L for lean and F for fat) were collected from Midgut (M) and Hindgut (H) in juvenile fish (18 months) to compare intestinal microbiota diversity. Results Whatever the lines and intestinal localisation, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria are the dominant phyla in the bacterial community of rainbow trout (at least 97%). The results indicate that richness and diversity indexes as well as bacterial composition are comparable between all groups even though 6 specific OTUs were identified in the intestinal microbiota of fish from the fat line and 2 OTUs were specific to the microbiota of fish from the lean line. Our work contributes to a better understanding in microbial diversity in intestinal microbiota of rainbow trout. Conclusion Altogether, our study indicates that no major modification of the intestinal microbiota is induced by selection for muscle lipid content and associated metabolic changes. Finally, we identified members of core microbiota in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Ricaud
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, F-64310, France
| | - Mickael Rey
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, F-64310, France
| | - Elisabeth Plagnes-Juan
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, F-64310, France
| | - Laurence Larroquet
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, F-64310, France
| | - Maxime Even
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, F-64310, France
| | - Edwige Quillet
- UMR 1313 INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, F-64310, France
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, F-64310, France
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Comesaña S, Velasco C, Conde-Sieira M, Míguez JM, Soengas JL, Morais S. Feeding Stimulation Ability and Central Effects of Intraperitoneal Treatment of L-Leucine, L-Valine, and L-Proline on Amino Acid Sensing Systems in Rainbow Trout: Implication in Food Intake Control. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1209. [PMID: 30210366 PMCID: PMC6121200 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To continue gathering knowledge on the central regulation of food intake in response to amino acids in teleost fish, using as a model rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), we evaluated in a first experiment the feeding attractiveness of L-leucine, L-valine, and L-proline offered as an agar gel matrix. In a second experiment, we assessed the effect of intraperitoneal (IP) treatment with the same amino acids on food intake. In a third experiment, we carried out a similar IP administration of amino acids to evaluate the response of amino acid sensing mechanisms in the hypothalamus and telencephalon. Results are discussed in conjunction with an earlier study where leucine and valine were administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV). The attractiveness of amino acids does not appear to relate to their effects on food intake, at least when administrated by-passing ingestion and luminal absorption, since two attractive amino acids resulted in an anorexigenic (Leu) or no effects (Pro) on food intake while a non-attractive amino acid (Val) induced anorexigenic (IP treatment) or orexigenic (ICV treatment) responses. The effects of Leu on food intake might relate to the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides and result from the direct activation of amino acid sensing systems. In contrast, while valine had few effects on hypothalamic amino acid sensing systems after ICV treatment, a significant amount of parameters become affected by IP treatment suggesting that the effect of Val after IP treatment is indirect. Proline had no relevant effects on amino acid sensing systems, neuropeptide expression, and food intake, which suggest that this amino acid might not have a relevant role in the homeostatic regulation of food intake through hypothalamic mechanisms. In telencephalon, the same amino acid sensing systems operating in hypothalamus appear to be present and respond to Leu and Val, but it is still unclear how they might relate to the control of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Comesaña
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Cristina Velasco
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Conde-Sieira
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jesús M Míguez
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José L Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sofía Morais
- Lucta S.A., Innovation Division, UAB Research Park, Bellaterra, Spain
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Song X, Marandel L, Dupont-Nivet M, Quillet E, Geurden I, Panserat S. Hepatic glucose metabolic responses to digestible dietary carbohydrates in two isogenic lines of rainbow trout. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.032896. [PMID: 29716943 PMCID: PMC6031338 DOI: 10.1242/bio.032896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was recognized as a typical ‘glucose-intolerant’ fish and poor dietary carbohydrate user. Our first objective was to test the effect of dietary carbohydrates themselves (without modification of dietary protein intake) on hepatic glucose gene expression (taking into account the paralogs). The second aim was to research if two isogenic trout lines had different responses to carbohydrate intake, showing one with a better use dietary carbohydrates. Thus, we used two isogenic lines of rainbow trout (named A32h and AB1h) fed with either a high carbohydrate diet or a low carbohydrate diet for 12 weeks. We analysed the zootechnical parameters, the plasma metabolites, the hepatic glucose metabolism at the molecular level and the hormonal-nutrient sensing pathway. Globally, dietary carbohydrate intake was associated with hyperglycaemia and down regulation of the energy sensor Ampk, but also with atypical regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver. Indeed, the first steps of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis catalysed by the glucokinase and the phospenolpyruvate carboxykinase are regulated at the molecular level by dietary carbohydrates as expected (i.e. induction of the glycolytic gck and repression of the gluconeogenic pck); by contrast, and surprisingly, for two other key glycolytic enzymes (phosphofructokinase enzyme – pfkl and pyruvate kinase – pk) some of the paralogs (pfklb and pklr) are inhibited by carbohydrates whereas some of the genes coding gluconeogenic enzymes (the glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme g6pcb1b and g6pcb2a gene and the fructose1-6 biphosphatase paralog fbp1a) are induced. On the other hand, some differences for the zootechnical parameters and metabolic genes were also found between the two isogenic lines, confirming the existence of genetic polymorphisms for nutritional regulation of intermediary metabolism in rainbow trout. In conclusion, our study determines some new and unexpected molecular regulations of the glucose metabolism in rainbow trout which may partly lead to the poor utilization of dietary carbohydrates and it underlines the existence of differences in molecular regulation of glucose metabolism between two isogenic lines which provides arguments for future selection of rainbow trout. Summary: Using isogenic lines, this study determines some new, unexpected molecular regulation of the glucose metabolism in rainbow trout, which may partly lead to the poor utilization of dietary carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Song
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lucie Marandel
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | | | - Edwige Quillet
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université de Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Inge Geurden
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Stephane Panserat
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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Knap PW, Kause A. Phenotyping for Genetic Improvement of Feed Efficiency in Fish: Lessons From Pig Breeding. Front Genet 2018; 9:184. [PMID: 29881397 PMCID: PMC5976999 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed incurs most of the cost of aquaculture production, so feed efficiency (FE) improvement is of great importance. Our aim is to use work done in pigs to formulate a logical framework for assessing the most useful component traits influencing feed intake (FI) and efficiency in farmed fish - either to identify traits that can together be used for genetic improvement of FE, or as substitute traits for FI recording. Improvement of gross FE in growing fish can be accomplished by selection for increased growth rate. However, the correlation of growth with FE is typically only modest, and hence there is room for further improvement of FE through methods other than growth selection. Based on a literature review we propose that the most effective additional methods are selection for reduced body lipid content and for reduced residual FI (RFI). Both methods require more or less sophisticated recording equipment; in particular, the estimation of RFI requires recording of FI which is a challenge. In mammals and birds, both these approaches have been effective, and despite the high costs of FI recording, the RFI approach can be cost-efficient because maintenance requirements are high and therefore RFI variation covers a large part of FI variance. Maintenance requirements of fish are lower and therefore RFI variation covers a smaller part of FI variance. Moreover, accurate high-volume routine individual FI recording is much more challenging in fish than in mammals or birds. It follows that selection for reduced body fat content is likely a more effective (and certainly more cost-efficient) way to improve feed conversion ratio in fish than selection for reduced RFI. As long as body fat content is dealt with as an explicit selection criterion, the only valid reason for FI recording would be the requirement of RFI reduction. So, if RFI reduction is not required, there would be no need for the expense and effort of individual FI recording - and in fish breeding that would be a very desirable situation. Solid evidence for these propositions is still scarce, and their generality still needs to be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antti Kause
- Biometrical Genetics, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
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Chronic stress of high dietary carbohydrate level causes inflammation and influences glucose transport through SOCS3 in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7415. [PMID: 29743495 PMCID: PMC5943576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25412-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnivorous fish is thought to be high-glucose intolerance. But the reasons were still unclear. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of high level of dietary carbohydrate on the survival, growth and immune responses of Paralichthys olivaceus, and the underlying molecular mechanism related to the immune and glucose metabolism. P. olivaceus were fed with 8%, 16% and 24% of dietary carbohydrate for 10 weeks, respectively. After that, a glucose tolerance test (GTT) was conducted. Results showed that excessive (24%) dietary carbohydrate significantly decreased the growth and glucose tolerance ability according to the GTT. It significantly increased hepatic NADPH oxidase activity and malondialdehyde content and serum contents of IL-6 and advanced glycation end products. The expressions of glucose transport-relevant genes in liver and the content of related hormones in serum were analyzed. In conclusion, it was confirmed that IL-6 increased the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and regulated the downstream targets of PI3K-AKT mediated signal transduction, and then downregulated the glucose transporter 2 activity in liver of P. olivaceus fed diet with excessive carbohydrate level. It was suggested that SOCS3 served as a bridge between immune response and glucose metabolism in P. olivaceus.
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Velasco C, Comesaña S, Conde-Sieira M, Míguez JM, Soengas JL. The short-term presence of oleate or octanoate alters the phosphorylation status of Akt, AMPK, mTOR, CREB, and FoxO1 in liver of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 219-220:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Shi HJ, Liu WB, Xu C, Zhang DD, Wang BK, Zhang L, Li XF. Molecular Characterization of the RNA-Binding Protein Quaking-a in Megalobrama amblycephala: Response to High-Carbohydrate Feeding and Glucose/Insulin/Glucagon Treatment. Front Physiol 2018; 9:434. [PMID: 29740344 PMCID: PMC5928497 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein quaking-a (Qkia) was cloned from the liver of blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala through the rapid amplification of cDNA ends method, with its potential role in glucose metabolism investigated. The full-length cDNA of qkia covered 1,718 bp, with an open reading frame of 1,572 bp, which encodes 383 AA. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of conservation (97–99%) among most fish and other higher vertebrates. The mRNA of qkia was detected in all examined organs/tissues. Then, the plasma glucose levels and tissue qkia expressions were determined in fish intraperitoneally injected with glucose [1.67 g per kg body weight (BW)], insulin (0.052 mg/kg BW), and glucagon (0.075 mg/kg BW) respectively, as well as in fish fed two dietary carbohydrate levels (31 and 41%) for 12 weeks. Glucose administration induced a remarkable increase of plasma glucose with the highest value being recorded at 1 h. Thereafter, it reduced to the basal value. After glucose administration, qkia expressions significantly decreased with the lowest value being recorded at 1 h in liver and muscle and 8 h in brain, respectively. Then they gradually returned to the basal value. The insulin injection induced a significant decrease of plasma glucose with the lowest value being recorded at 1 h, whereas the opposite was true after glucagon load (the highest value was gained at 4 h). Subsequently, glucose levels gradually returned to the basal value. After insulin administration, the qkia expressions significantly decreased with the lowest value being attained at 2 h in brain and muscle and 1 h in liver, respectively. However, glucagon significantly stimulated the expressions of qkia in tissues with the highest value being gained at 6 h. Moreover, high dietary carbohydrate levels remarkably increased plasma glucose levels, but down-regulated the transcriptions of qkia in tissues. These results indicated that the gene of blunt snout bream shared a high similarity with that of the other vertebrates. Glucose and insulin administration, as well as high-carbohydrate feeding, remarkably down-regulated its transcriptions in brain, muscle and liver, whereas the opposite was true after the glucagon load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Juan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ding-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing-Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Otero-Rodiño C, Rocha A, Álvarez-Otero R, Ceinos RM, López-Patiño MA, Míguez JM, Cerdá-Reverter JM, Soengas JL. Glucosensing capacity of rainbow trout telencephalon. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12583. [PMID: 29427522 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To assess the hypothesis of glucosensing systems present in fish telencephalon, we first demonstrated in rainbow trout, by in situ hybridisation, the presence of glucokinase (GK). Then, we assessed the response of glucosensing markers in rainbow trout telencephalon 6 hours after i.c.v. treatment with glucose or 2-deoxyglucose (inducing glucoprivation). We evaluated the response of parameters related to the mechanisms dependent on GK, liver X receptor (LXR), mitochondrial activity, sweet taste receptor and sodium-glucose linked transporter 1 (SGLT-1). We also assessed mRNA abundance of neuropeptides involved in the metabolic control of food intake (agouti-related protein, neuropeptide Y, pro-opiomelanocortin, and cocaine- and amphetamine-related transcript), as well as the abundance and phosphorylation status of proteins possibly involved in linking glucosensing with neuropeptide expression, such as protein kinase B (AkT), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mechanistic target of rapamycin and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). The responses obtained support the presence in the telencephalon of a glucosensing mechanism based on GK and maybe one based on LXR, although they do not support the presence of mechanisms dependent on mitochondrial activity and SGLT-1. The mechanism based on sweet taste receptor responded to glucose but in a converse way to that characterised previously in the hypothalamus. In general, systems responded only to glucose but not to glucoprivation. Neuropeptides did not respond to glucose or glucoprivation. By contrast, the presence of glucose activates Akt and inhibits AMPK, CREB and forkhead box01. This is the first study in any vertebrate species in which the response to glucose of putative glucosensing mechanisms is demonstrated in the telencephalon. Their role might relate to processes other than homeostatic control of food intake, such as the hedonic and reward system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Otero-Rodiño
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - A Rocha
- Departamento de Fisiología de Peces y Biotecnología, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - R Álvarez-Otero
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - R M Ceinos
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - M A López-Patiño
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - J M Míguez
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - J M Cerdá-Reverter
- Departamento de Fisiología de Peces y Biotecnología, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - J L Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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42
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Comesaña S, Velasco C, Ceinos RM, López-Patiño MA, Míguez JM, Morais S, Soengas JL. Evidence for the presence in rainbow trout brain of amino acid-sensing systems involved in the control of food intake. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 314:R201-R215. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00283.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To assess the hypothesis of central amino acid-sensing systems involved in the control of food intake in fish, we carried out two experiments in rainbow trout. In the first one, we injected intracerebroventricularly two different branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), leucine and valine, and assessed food intake up to 48 h later. Leucine decreased and valine increased food intake. In a second experiment, 6 h after similar intracerebroventricular treatment we determined changes in parameters related to putative amino acid-sensing systems. Different areas of rainbow trout brain present amino acid-sensing systems responding to leucine (hypothalamus and telencephalon) and valine (telencephalon), while other areas (midbrain and hindbrain) do not respond to these treatments. The decreased food intake observed in fish treated intracerebroventricularly with leucine could relate to changes in mRNA abundance of hypothalamic neuropeptides [proopiomelanocortin (POMC), cocaine- and amphetamine-related transcript (CART), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and agouti-related peptide (AgRP)]. These in turn could relate to amino acid-sensing systems present in the same area, related to BCAA and glutamine metabolism, as well as mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), taste receptors, and general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) kinase signaling. The treatment with valine did not affect amino acid-sensing parameters in the hypothalamus. These responses are comparable to those characterized in mammals. However, clear differences arise when comparing rainbow trout and mammals, in particular with respect to the clear orexigenic effect of valine, which could relate to the finding that valine partially stimulated two amino acid-sensing systems in the telencephalon. Another novel result is the clear effect of leucine on telencephalon, in which amino acid-sensing systems, but not neuropeptides, were activated as in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Comesaña
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Cristina Velasco
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Ceinos
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Marcos A. López-Patiño
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Míguez
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sofia Morais
- Lucta, Innovation Division, Autonomous University of Barcelona Research Park, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - José L. Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Blanco AM, Velasco C, Bertucci JI, Soengas JL, Unniappan S. Nesfatin-1 Regulates Feeding, Glucosensing and Lipid Metabolism in Rainbow Trout. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:484. [PMID: 30210451 PMCID: PMC6121026 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is an 82 amino acid peptide that has been involved in a wide variety of physiological functions in both mammals and fish. This study aimed to elucidate the role of nesfatin-1 on rainbow trout food intake, and its putative effects on glucose and fatty acid sensing systems. Intracerebroventricular administration of 25 ng/g nesfatin-1 resulted in a significant inhibition of appetite, likely mediated by the activation of central POMC and CART. Nesfatin-1 stimulated the glucosensing machinery (changes in sglt1, g6pase, gsase, and gnat3 mRNA expression) in the hindbrain and hypothalamus. Central fatty acid sensing mechanisms were unaltered by nesfatin-1, but this peptide altered the expression of mRNAs encoding factors regulating lipid metabolism (fat/cd36, acly, mcd, fas, lpl, pparα, and pparγ), suggesting that nesfatin-1 promotes lipid accumulation in neurons. In the liver, intracerebroventricular nesfatin-1 treatment resulted in decreased capacity for glucose use and lipogenesis, and increased the potential of fatty acid oxidation. Altogether, the present results demonstrate that nesfatin-1 is involved in the homeostatic regulation of food intake and metabolism in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén M. Blanco
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Cristina Velasco
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Juan I. Bertucci
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Chascomús, Argentina
| | - José L. Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Suraj Unniappan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- *Correspondence: Suraj Unniappan
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Velasco C, Otero-Rodiño C, Comesaña S, Míguez JM, Soengas JL. Hypothalamic mechanisms linking fatty acid sensing and food intake regulation in rainbow trout. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 59:377-390. [PMID: 28951437 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We assessed in rainbow trout hypothalamus the effects of oleate and octanoate on levels and phosphorylation status of two transcription factors, FoxO1 and CREB, possibly involved in linking activation of fatty acid sensing with modulation of food intake through the expression of brain neuropeptides. Moreover, we assessed changes in the phosphorylation status of three proteins possibly involved in modulation of these transcription factors such as Akt, AMPK and mTOR. In a first experiment, we evaluated, in pools of hypothalamus incubated for 3 h and 6 h at 15°C in a modified Hanks' medium containing 100 or 500 µM oleate or octanoate, the response of fatty acid sensing, neuropeptide expression and phosphorylation status of proteins of interest. The activation of fatty acid sensing and enhanced anorectic potential occurred in parallel with the activation of Akt and mTOR, and the inhibition of AMPK. The changes in these proteins would relate to a neuropeptide expression through changes in the phosphorylation status of transcription factors under their control, such as CREB and FoxO1, which displayed inhibitory (CREB) or activatory (FoxO1) responses when tissues were incubated with oleate or octanoate. In a second experiment, we incubated hypothalamus for 6 h with 500 µM oleate or octanoate alone or in the presence of specific inhibitors of Akt, AMPK, mTOR, CREB or FoxO1. The presence of inhibitors counteracted the effects of oleate or octanoate on the phosphorylation status of the proteins of interest. The results support, for the first time in fish, the involvement of these proteins in the regulation of food intake by fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Velasco
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía AnimalDepartamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Cristina Otero-Rodiño
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía AnimalDepartamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sara Comesaña
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía AnimalDepartamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jesús M Míguez
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía AnimalDepartamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José L Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía AnimalDepartamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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45
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Pinedo-Gil J, Tomás-Vidal A, Jover-Cerdá M, Tomás-Almenar C, Sanz-Calvo MÁ, Martín-Diana AB. Red beet and betaine as ingredients in diets of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): effects on growth performance, nutrient retention and flesh quality. Arch Anim Nutr 2017; 71:486-505. [PMID: 29064291 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2017.1391503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of different concentrations of dietary red beet and betaine on the growth performance and fish flesh quality of rainbow trout. Therefore, a control diet was compared with four diets in which two levels of red beet (14% and 28%) and betaine (0.9% and 1.63%) were incorporated in combination. The study was set up with an average body weight of 69 ± 2.2 g and finished when fish reached commercial weight (175-250 g) after 105 d. The impact of the diets was studied based on the growth performance, biometric indexes, proximal composition, protein and fat retention efficiencies and apparent nutrient digestibility by fish reared on a recirculation system. Further estimates were the effect of red beet and betaine on the flesh proximate composition and quality of the final product (water activity, colour, texture, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and sensory characteristics). Results showed that inclusion of 14% red beet and 0.9% betaine did not affect growth, nutritive or biometric parameters and nutrient retention when compared with the control diet. However, higher levels of red beet and betaine had negative effects on growth and nutritive parameters. The tested ingredients enhanced quality parameters regardless of the concentration used. After feeding the red beet and betaine, fish flesh showed lower water activity and better textural and colour properties than the control and also a dose-dependent effect on lipid oxidation was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pinedo-Gil
- a Subdirection of Research and Technology , Agro-Technological Institute of Castilla y León, Consejería de Agricultura y Ganadería , Valladolid , Spain.,b Research Group of Aquaculture and Biodiversity, Institute of Animal Science and Technology , Universitat Politècnica de València , Valencia , Spain
| | - Ana Tomás-Vidal
- b Research Group of Aquaculture and Biodiversity, Institute of Animal Science and Technology , Universitat Politècnica de València , Valencia , Spain
| | - Miguel Jover-Cerdá
- b Research Group of Aquaculture and Biodiversity, Institute of Animal Science and Technology , Universitat Politècnica de València , Valencia , Spain
| | - Cristina Tomás-Almenar
- a Subdirection of Research and Technology , Agro-Technological Institute of Castilla y León, Consejería de Agricultura y Ganadería , Valladolid , Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Sanz-Calvo
- a Subdirection of Research and Technology , Agro-Technological Institute of Castilla y León, Consejería de Agricultura y Ganadería , Valladolid , Spain
| | - Ana Belén Martín-Diana
- a Subdirection of Research and Technology , Agro-Technological Institute of Castilla y León, Consejería de Agricultura y Ganadería , Valladolid , Spain
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Jin J, Zhu X, Han D, Yang Y, Liu H, Xie S. Different regulation of insulin on glucose and lipid metabolism in 2 strains of gibel carp. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 246:363-371. [PMID: 28069424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that response to insulin by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in gibel carp A strain may be different from that in DT strain, bovine insulin was injected into both strains of gibel carp after previous fasting for 48h. The results showed that insulin induced hypoglycemia at 3h in 2 strains, and that this was coupled with increased expression of glucose transporters (GLUT2 in the liver and GLUT1, GLUT4 in the muscle) and glycolytic enzyme (HK2 in the muscle) in both strains. Insulin induced increased glycolysis (GK) and fatty acid oxidation (ACO3 in the liver and CPT1a, ACO3 in the muscle) in the DT strain. Conversely, very strong lipogenic capacity, as indicated by higher mRNA levels of transcription factor of fatty acid anabolism (SREBP1) and lipogenic enzymes (ACC, ACLY, and FAS) and decrease lipolytic capacity as indicated by lower mRNA levels of fatty acid oxidation enzymes in the liver (ACO3) and muscle (CPT1a and ACO3) detected in the A strain after insulin injection. Higher plasma insulin levels and decreased plasma free fatty acid levels were detected at 8h post insulin injection in A strain induced hypoglycemia. However, plasma glucose levels returned to baseline and no effect on fatty acid levels in the DT strain was observed in response to insulin treatment at the same point in time. These insulin-strain interactions demonstrated that insulin induced different changes in glucose and lipid metabolism in these 2 strains as expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Velasco C, Moreiras G, Conde-Sieira M, Leao JM, Míguez JM, Soengas JL. Ceramide counteracts the effects of ghrelin on the metabolic control of food intake in rainbow trout. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:2563-2576. [PMID: 28495865 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.159871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, ceramides are involved in the modulation of the orexigenic effects of ghrelin (GHRL). We previously demonstrated in rainbow trout that intracerebroventricular (ICV) treatment with ceramide (2.5 µg/100 g fish) resulted in an anorexigenic response, i.e. a response opposed to that described in mammals, where ceramide treatment is orexigenic. Therefore, we hypothesized that the putative interaction between GHRL and ceramide must be different in fish. Accordingly, in a first experiment, we observed that ceramide levels in the hypothalamus of rainbow trout did not change after ICV treatment with GHRL. In a second experiment, we assessed whether the effects of GHRL treatment on the regulation of food intake in rainbow trout changed in the presence of ceramide. Thus, we injected ICV GHRL and ceramide alone or in combination to evaluate in hypothalamus and hindbrain changes in parameters related to the metabolic control of food intake. The presence of ceramide generally counteracted the effects elicited by GHRL on fatty acid-sensing systems, the capacity of integrative sensors (AMPK, mTOR and SIRT-1), proteins involved in cellular signalling pathways (Akt and FoxO1) and neuropeptides involved in the regulation of food intake (AgRP, NPY, POMC and CART). The results are discussed in the context of regulation of food intake by metabolic and endocrine inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Velasco
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Guillermo Moreiras
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Alimentaria, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Conde-Sieira
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - José M Leao
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Alimentaria, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Jesús M Míguez
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - José L Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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48
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Otero-Rodiño C, Velasco C, Álvarez-Otero R, López-Patiño MA, Míguez JM, Soengas JL. Changes in the levels and phosphorylation status of Akt, AMPK, CREB, and FoxO1 in hypothalamus of rainbow trout under conditions of enhanced glucosensing activity. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:4410-4417. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.165159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is no available information in fish about mechanisms linking glucosensing activation and changes in the expression of brain neuropeptides controlling food intake. Therefore, we assessed in rainbow trout hypothalamus the effects of raised levels of glucose on the levels and phosphorylation status of two transcription factors, FoxO1 and CREB, possibly involved in linking those processes. Moreover, we also aimed to assess the changes in the levels and phosphorylation status of two proteins possibly involved in the modulation of these transcription factors such as Akt and AMPK. Therefore, we evaluated in pools of hypothalamus incubated for 3h and 6h at 15 °C in modified Hanks’ medium containing 2, 4, or 8 mM D-glucose the response of parameters related to glucosensing mechanisms, neuropeptide expression, and levels and phosphorylation status of proteins of interest. The activation of hypothalamic glucosensing systems and the concomitant enhanced anorectic potential occurred in parallel with activation of Akt and inhibition of AMPK. The changes in these proteins would relate to neuropeptide expression through changes in the levels and phosphorylation status of transcription factors under their control, such as CREB and FoxO1, which displayed inhibitory (CREB) or activatory (FoxO1) responses to increased glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Otero-Rodiño
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Spain
| | - Cristina Velasco
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Spain
| | - Rosa Álvarez-Otero
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Spain
| | - Marcos A. López-Patiño
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Míguez
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Spain
| | - José L. Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Spain
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49
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Genetic improvement of feed conversion ratio via indirect selection against lipid deposition in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Br J Nutr 2016; 116:1656-1665. [PMID: 27813470 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516003603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In farmed fish, selective breeding for feed conversion ratio (FCR) may be possible via indirectly selecting for easily-measured indicator traits correlated with FCR. We tested the hypothesis that rainbow trout with low lipid% have genetically better FCR, and that lipid% may be genetically related to retention efficiency of macronutrients, making lipid% a useful indicator trait. A quantitative genetic analysis was used to quantify the benefit of replacing feed intake in a selection index with one of three lipid traits: body lipid%, muscle lipid% or viscera% weight of total body weight (reflecting visceral lipid). The index theory calculations showed that simultaneous selection for weight gain and against feed intake (direct selection to improve FCR) increased the expected genetic response in FCR by 1·50-fold compared with the sole selection for growth. Replacing feed intake in the selection index with body lipid%, muscle lipid% or viscera% increased genetic response in FCR by 1·29-, 1·49- and 1·02-fold, respectively, compared with the sole selection for growth. Consequently, indirect selection for weight gain and against muscle lipid% was almost as effective as direct selection for FCR. Fish with genetically low body and muscle lipid% were more efficient in turning ingested protein into protein weight gain. Both physiological and genetic mechanisms promote the hypothesis that low-lipid% fish are more efficient. These results highlight that in breeding programmes of rainbow trout, control of lipid deposition improves not only FCR but also protein-retention efficiency. This improves resource efficiency of aquaculture and reduces nutrient load to the environment.
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Gong N, Johansson M, Björnsson BT. Impaired central leptin signaling and sensitivity in rainbow trout with high muscle adiposity. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 235:48-56. [PMID: 27292790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The hormone leptin has been identified in all vertebrate classes, but its physiological roles in non-mammalian vertebrates are not well defined. To elucidate leptin regulation in energy homeostasis in a teleost fish species, this study compares hypothalamic and pituitary leptin signaling systems in energetically divergent rainbow trout lines selected for low (lean line, LL) and high (fat line, FL) muscle adiposity under feeding and starvation conditions. In fed fish, hypothalamic gene expression and protein density of the full-functional leptin receptor (LepRL), as well as a leptin binding protein (LepBP) expression, are lower in FL than LL fish. The FL fish have also lower activation of leptin-relevant signaling pathways involving protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular signal-related kinase. These observations suggests impaired central leptin action in FL fish. During fasting, hypothalamic LepRL and LepBP expression, as well as active Akt levels are downregulated after one week, while pituitary LepRL expression is upregulated, in the LL fish only. After four weeks, hypothalamic LepRL protein levels return to normal levels in both fish lines and Akt is reactivated, although not to the same extent in FL as in LL fish, indicating that FL fish have low leptin sensitivity to nutritional changes. Neuropeptide Y and orexin expression is downregulated to similar levels in both fish lines after one-week fasting. The divergent leptin system profiles between the two fish lines demonstrate that phenotypic selection for high muscle adiposity affects leptin endocrinology, indicating regulatory roles for leptin in rainbow trout energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningping Gong
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, S-40590 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Johansson
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, S-40590 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Thrandur Björnsson
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, S-40590 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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