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Effect of the Sargassum angustifolium Extract on Methamphetamine-Induced Cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9978235. [PMID: 36164401 PMCID: PMC9509264 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9978235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of the Sargassum angustifolium extract in methamphetamine-induced SH-SY5Y cells death. The brown algae S. angustifolium was extracted with 80% ethanol. The SH-SY5Y cells were treated with different concentrations of methamphetamine to measure IC50
The MTT test was used to assess the toxic effect of the S. angustifolium extract in SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells’ survival was measured while cells were treated with different concentrations of methamphetamine and S. angustifolium extract simultaneously. A specific kit measured intracellular ROS levels. Western blot analysis evaluated the expression of cytochrome C and Bax/Bcl2 ratio. The results showed that 5 mM methamphetamine approximately killed 50% of the cells, so it is considered IC50. The MTT test showed no toxicity effect for the S. angustifolium extract. 80, 160, 320, and 640 μg/ml of S. angustifolium extract prevented the occurrence of methamphetamine toxic effects in SH-SY5Y cells after 24 hours. Moreover, the S. angustifolium extract decreased ROS levels and cytochrome C release and reduced BaX/Bcl2 ratio in cells treated by methamphetamine. On the whole, it seems that the S. angustifolium hydroalcoholic extract has the potential to increase cell survival through in vitro antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities.
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Zheng Z, He B, Guo ML, Xie X, Huan L, Zhang B, Shao Z, Wang G. Overexpression of OHPs in Neopyropia yezoensis (Rhodophyta) reveals their possible physiological roles. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Prasedya ES, Ardiana N, Padmi H, Ilhami BTK, Martyasari NWR, Sunarwidhi AL, Nikmatullah A, Widyastuti S, Sunarpi H, Frediansyah A. The Antiproliferative and Apoptosis-Inducing Effects of the Red Macroalgae Gelidium latifolium Extract against Melanoma Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216568. [PMID: 34770978 PMCID: PMC8587204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The red macroalga Gelidium latifolium is widely distributed in the coastal areas of Indonesia. However, current knowledge on its potential biological activities is still limited. In this study, we investigated the potential bioactive compounds in Gelidium latifolium ethanol extract (GLE), and its cytotoxic effects against the murine B16-F10 melanoma cell line. GLE shows high total phenolic content (107.06 ± 17.42 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (151.77 ± 3.45 mg QE/g), which potentially contribute to its potential antioxidant activity (DPPH = 650.42 ± 2.01 µg/mL; ABTS = 557.01 ± 1.94 µg/mL). ESI-HR-TOF-MS analysis revealed large absorption in the [M-H]- of 327.2339 m/z, corresponding to the monoisotopic molecular mass of brassicolene. The presence of this compound potentially contributes to GLE's cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 84.29 ± 1.93 µg/mL). Furthermore, GLE significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells (66.83 ± 3.06%) compared to controls (18.83 ± 3.76%). Apoptosis was also confirmed by changes in the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes (i.e., p53, Bax, Bak, and Bcl2). Downregulated expression of Bcl2 indicates an intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Current results suggest that components of Gelidium latifolium should be further investigated as possible sources of novel antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eka Sunarwidhi Prasedya
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mataram University, Mataram 83126, Indonesia; (E.S.P.); (N.A.); (H.P.); (B.T.K.I.); (N.W.R.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Nur Ardiana
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mataram University, Mataram 83126, Indonesia; (E.S.P.); (N.A.); (H.P.); (B.T.K.I.); (N.W.R.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Hasriaton Padmi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mataram University, Mataram 83126, Indonesia; (E.S.P.); (N.A.); (H.P.); (B.T.K.I.); (N.W.R.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Bq Tri Khairina Ilhami
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mataram University, Mataram 83126, Indonesia; (E.S.P.); (N.A.); (H.P.); (B.T.K.I.); (N.W.R.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Ni Wayan Riyani Martyasari
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mataram University, Mataram 83126, Indonesia; (E.S.P.); (N.A.); (H.P.); (B.T.K.I.); (N.W.R.M.); (H.S.)
| | | | - Aluh Nikmatullah
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram, Mataram 83125, Indonesia;
| | - Sri Widyastuti
- Faculty of Food Science and Agroindustry, University of Mataram, Mataram 83125, Indonesia;
| | - Haji Sunarpi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mataram University, Mataram 83126, Indonesia; (E.S.P.); (N.A.); (H.P.); (B.T.K.I.); (N.W.R.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Andri Frediansyah
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
- Research Division for Natural Product Technology (BPTBA), Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Wonosari 55861, Indonesia
- National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Wonosari 55861, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
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Zheng Z, He B, Xie X, Wang G. Co-suppression in Pyropia yezoensis (Rhodophyta) Reveals the Role of PyLHCI in Light Harvesting and Generation Switch. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:160-171. [PMID: 32965671 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The red macroalga Pyropia yezoensis is an economically important seaweed widely cultured in Asian countries and is a model organism for molecular biological and commercial research. This species is unique in that it utilizes both phycobilisomes and transmembrane light-harvesting proteins as its antenna system. Here, one of the genes of P. yezoensis (PyLHCI) was selected for introduction into its genome to overexpress PyLHCI. However, the co-suppression phenomenon occurred. This is the first documentation of co-suppression in algae, in which it exhibits a different mechanism from that in higher plants. The transformant (T1) was demonstrated to have higher phycobilisomes and lower LHC binding pigments, resulting in a redder color, higher sensitivity to salt stress, smaller in size, and slower growth rate than the wildtype (WT). The photosynthetic performances of T1 and WT showed similar characteristics; however, P700 reduction was slower in T1. Most importantly, T1 could release a high percentage of carpospores in young blades to switch generation during its life cycle, which was rarely seen in WT. The co-suppression of PyLHCI revealed its key roles in light harvesting, stress resistance, and generation alternation (generation switch from gametophytes to sporophytes, and reproduction from asexual to sexual).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Bangxiang He
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiujun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangce Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Katanaev VL, Blagodatski A, Xu J, Khotimchenko Y, Koval A. Mining Natural Compounds to Target WNT Signaling: Land and Sea Tales. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 269:215-248. [PMID: 34455487 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
WNT signaling plays paramount roles in organism development, physiology, and disease, representing a highly attractive target for drug development. However, no WNT-modulating drugs have been approved, with several candidates trudging through the early clinical trials. This delay instigates alternative approaches to discover WNT-modulating drugs. Natural products were the source of therapeutics for centuries, but the chemical diversity they offer, especially when looking at different taxonomic groups and habitats, is still to a large extent unexplored. These considerations urge researchers to screen natural compounds for the WNT-modulatory activities. Since several reviews on such endeavors exist, we here have attempted to present these efforts as "Land and sea tales" (citing the book title by Rudyard Kipling) superimposing them onto the traditional pipeline of drug discovery and early development. In doing so, we illustrate each step of the pipeline with case studies stemming from our own research. It will become obvious that several steps of the pipeline need to be modified when applied to natural products rather than to synthetic libraries. Yet the main message of this chapter is that natural compounds represent a powerful source for the WNT signaling modulators and can be developed towards drug candidates against WNT-dependent maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir L Katanaev
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Artem Blagodatski
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences Pushchino, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jiabin Xu
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yuri Khotimchenko
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
- National Scientific Center for Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexey Koval
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Sanaeimehr Z, Javadi I, Namvar F. Antiangiogenic and antiapoptotic effects of green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using Sargassum muticum algae extraction. Cancer Nanotechnol 2018; 9:3. [PMID: 29628994 PMCID: PMC5879045 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-018-0037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Algae are one of the natural materials used to green synthesis of nanoparticles. This method leads to minimize the toxicity of the chemical materials used to nanoparticle synthesis. Methods In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized by Sargassum muticum algae extraction used to evaluate its cytotoxicity and apoptotic properties on human liver cancer cell line (HepG2). Results Trypan blue assay results demonstrate a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability and MTT assay shows increased growth inhibition in time and dose-dependent manner. In addition, CAM assay confirmed the ability of ZnO NPs to inhibit angiogenesis, but chick morphology (both the CR and weight) was not changed. Apoptotic tests (annexin V/PI and AO/PI) show that green-synthesized ZnO NPs induce apoptosis in all three time points (24, 48 and 72h). Conclusions Our results confirm the beneficial cytotoxic effects of green-synthesized ZnO NPs on Human liver cancer cell. This nanoparticle decreased angiogenesis and induces apoptosis, so we conclude that these nanoparticles can be used as a supplemental drug in cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sanaeimehr
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Isfahan Iran
| | - Iraj Javadi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Isfahan Iran
| | - Farideh Namvar
- 2Departments of Medicine & AMP; Applied Biology Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
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Kang Y, Li H, Wu J, Xu X, Sun X, Zhao X, Xu N. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals the Antitumor Mechanism of Polysaccharide from Marine Algae Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158279. [PMID: 27355352 PMCID: PMC4927116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweed is one of the important biomass producers and possesses active metabolites with potential therapeutic effects against tumors. The red alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Gp. lemaneiformis) possesses antitumor activity, and the polysaccharide of Gp. lemaneiformis (PGL) has been demonstrated to be an ingredient with marked anticancer activity. However, the anticancer mechanism of PGL remains to be elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the inhibitory effect of PGL on the cell growth of 3 human cancer cell lines and found that PGL inhibited cell proliferation, reduced cell viability, and altered cell morphology in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Our transcriptome analysis indicates that PGL can regulate the expression of 758 genes, which are involved in apoptosis, the cell cycle, nuclear division, and cell death. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PGL induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and modulated the expression of related genes in the A549 cell line. Our work provides a framework to understand the effects of PGL on cancer cells, and can serve as a resource for delineating the antitumor mechanisms of Gp. lemaneiformis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Kang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hua Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Nianjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Hardouin K, Bedoux G, Burlot AS, Donnay-Moreno C, Bergé JP, Nyvall-Collén P, Bourgougnon N. Enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) for the production of antiviral and antioxidant extracts from the green seaweed Ulva armoricana (Ulvales, Ulvophyceae). ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Marine bioactive compounds and health promoting perspectives; innovation pathways for drug discovery. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Yang TH, Yao HT, Chiang MT. Red algae (Gelidium amansii) reduces adiposity via activation of lipolysis in rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin-nicotinamide. J Food Drug Anal 2015; 23:758-765. [PMID: 28911493 PMCID: PMC9345456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelidium amansii (GA) is an edible red algae that is distributed mainly in northeastern Taiwan. This study was designed to investigate the effects of GA on plasma glucose, lipids, and adipocytokines in rats with streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes. Rats were divided into four groups: (1) rats without diabetes fed a high-fat diet (control group); (2) rats with diabetes fed a high-fat diet; (3) rats with diabetes fed a high-fat diet with thiazolidinedione in the diet; and (4) rats with diabetes fed a high-fat diet and GA. The experimental diet and drinking water were available ad libitum for 11 weeks. After the 11-week feeding study, plasma glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol concentrations were lower in rats with diabetes fed the GA diet than in animals with diabetes fed the control diet. In addition, cholesterol and triglyceride excretion were significantly higher in rats with diabetes fed the GA diet. Moreover, GA feeding induced lipolysis in both paraepididymal and perirenal adipose tissues. Adipose tissue (paraepididymal and perirenal) weight and triglyceride contents were lower after GA treatment. Plasma adipocytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were reduced by GA feeding in rats with diabetes. The results of the current study suggest that GA feeding may regulate plasma glucose and lipid levels and prevent adipose tissue accumulation in rats with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Han Yang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung,
Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Tsung Yao
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung,
Taiwan
| | - Meng-Tsan Chiang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, Taiwan. E-mail address: (M.-T. Chiang)
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Erfani N, Nazemosadat Z, Moein M. Cytotoxic activity of ten algae from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea on human breast cancer cell lines; MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and T-47D. Pharmacognosy Res 2015; 7:133-7. [PMID: 25829786 PMCID: PMC4357963 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.150539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seaweeds have proven to be a promising natural source of bioactive metabolites for drug development. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to monitor the ethanol extract of ten algae from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, for their in vitro cytotoxic activity on three human breast cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three human breast cancer cell lines including MDA-MB-231(ER(-)), MCF-7(ER(+)), and T-47D (ER(+)) were treated by different concentrations of total ethanol (90%) algae extracts and the cytotoxic effects were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Doxorubicin (Ebewe, Austria) was used as a positive control. After 72 h of incubation, the cytotoxic effect of the algae was calculated and presented as 50%-inhibitory concentration (IC50). RESULTS The results indicated Gracilaria foliifera and Cladophoropsis sp. to be the most active algae in terms of cytotoxic effects on the investigated cancer cell lines. The IC50 values against MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and T-47D cells were, respectively, 74.89 ± 21.71, 207.81 ± 12.07, and 203.25 ± 30.98 µg/ml for G. foliifera and 66.48 ± 4.96, 150.86 ± 51.56 and >400 µg/ml for Cladophoropsis sp. The rest of the algal extracts were observed not to have significant cytotoxic effects in the concentration range from 6.25 µg/ml to 400 µg/ml. CONCLUSION Our data conclusively suggest that G. foliifera and Cladophoropsis sp. may be good candidates for further fractionation to obtain novel anticancer substances. Moreover, stronger cytotoxic effects on estrogen negative breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231(ER(-))) in comparison to estrogen positive cells (MCF-7 and T-47D) suggest that the extract of G. foliifera and Cladophoropsis sp. may have an estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor-independent mechanism for their cellular growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrollah Erfani
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mahmoodreza Moein
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz, Iran ; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Hassan LEA, Ahamed MBK, Majid ASA, Baharetha HM, Muslim NS, Nassar ZD, Majid AMSA. Correlation of antiangiogenic, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of some Sudanese medicinal plants with phenolic and flavonoid contents. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:406. [PMID: 25331269 PMCID: PMC4210631 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of medicinal plants to overcome diseases is traditionally belongs to the characteristics of most cultures on this earth. Sudan has been a host and cradle to various ancient civilizations and developed a vast knowledge on traditional medicinal plants. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant, antiangiogenic and cytotoxic activities of six Sudanese medicinal plants which have been traditionally used to treat neoplasia. Further the biological activities were correlated with phytochemical contents of the plant extracts. METHODS Different parts of the plants were subjected to sequential extraction method. Cytotoxicity of the extracts was determined by dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on 2 human cancer (colon and breast) and normal (endothelial and colon fibroblast) cells. Anti-angiogenic potential was tested using ex vivo rat aortic ring assay. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay was conducted to screen the antioxidant capabilities of the extracts. Finally, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated in the extracts using colorimetric assays. RESULTS The results indicated that out of 6 plants tested, 4 plants (Nicotiana glauca, Tephrosia apollinea, Combretum hartmannianum and Tamarix nilotica) exhibited remarkable anti-angiogenic activity by inhibiting the sprouting of microvessels more than 60%. However, the most potent antiangiogenic effect was recorded by ethanol extract of T. apollinea (94.62%). In addition, the plants exhibited significant antiproliferative effects against human breast (MCF-7) and colon (HCT 116) cancer cells while being non-cytotoxic to the tested normal cells. The IC50 values determined for C. hartmannianum, N. gluaca and T. apollinea against MCF-7 cells were 8.48, 10.78 and 29.36 μg/ml, respectively. Whereas, the IC50 values estimated for N. gluaca, T. apollinea and C. hartmannianum against HCT 116 cells were 5.4, 20.2 and 27.2 μg/ml, respectively. These results were more or less equal to the standard reference drugs, tamoxifen (IC50 = 6.67 μg/ml) and 5-fluorouracil (IC50 = 3.9 μg/ml) tested against MCF-7 and HCT 116, respectively. Extracts of C. hartmannianum bark and N. glauca leaves demonstrated potent antioxidant effect with IC50s range from 9.4-22.4 and 13.4-30 μg/ml, respectively. Extracts of N. glauca leaves and T apollinea aerial parts demonstrated high amount of flavonoids range from 57.6-88.1 and 10.7-78 mg quercetin equivalent/g, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results are in good agreement with the ethnobotanical uses of the plants (N. glauca, T. apollinea, C. hartmannianum and T. nilotica) to cure the oxidative stress and paraneoplastic symptoms caused by the cancer. These findings endorse further investigations on these plants to determine the active principles and their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loiy Elsir A Hassan
- />EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kragujevac, Penang Malaysia
- />Department of Botany, Faculty of Science& Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, P.O. Box 383, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Mohamed B Khadeer Ahamed
- />EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kragujevac, Penang Malaysia
| | - Aman S Abdul Majid
- />Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (IPPT), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kragujevac, Penang Malaysia
| | - Hussein M Baharetha
- />EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kragujevac, Penang Malaysia
- />Department of Pharmacy, College of medicine and Health Sciences, Hadhramout University, Fuluk, Mukalla, Hadhramout, Republic of Yemen
| | - Nahdzatul S Muslim
- />EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kragujevac, Penang Malaysia
| | - Zeyad D Nassar
- />School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Amin MS Abdul Majid
- />EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kragujevac, Penang Malaysia
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Namvar F, Mohamad R, Baharara J, Zafar-Balanejad S, Fargahi F, Rahman HS. Antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antiangiogenesis effects of polyphenol-rich seaweed (Sargassum muticum). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:604787. [PMID: 24078922 PMCID: PMC3776361 DOI: 10.1155/2013/604787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the effect of brown seaweeds Sargassum muticum methanolic extract (SMME), against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines proliferation. This algae extract was also evaluated for reducing activity and total polyphenol content. The MTT assay results indicated that the extracts were cytotoxic against breast cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 of 22 μg/ml for MCF-7 and 55 μg/ml for MDA-MB-231 cell lines. The percentages of apoptotic MCF-7-treated cells increased from 13% to 67% by increasing the concentration of the SMME. The antiproliferative efficacy of this algal extract was positively correlated with the total polyphenol contents, suggesting a causal link related to extract content of phenolic acids. Cell cycle analysis showed a significant increase in the accumulation of SMME-treated cells at sub-G1 phase, indicating the induction of apoptosis by SMME. Further apoptosis induction was confirmed by Hoechst 33342 and AO/PI staining. Also SMME implanted in vivo into fertilized chicken eggs induced dose-related antiangiogenic activity in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Our results imply a new insight on the novel function of Sargassum muticum polyphenol-rich seaweed in cancer research by induction of apoptosis, antioxidant, and antiangiogenesis effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Namvar
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine & Applied Biology Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Javad Baharara
- Department of Biology, Applied Biology Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Zafar-Balanejad
- Department of Biology, Applied Biology Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Fargahi
- Department of Biology, Applied Biology Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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14
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Antioxidant and anticancer activities of selected persian gulf algae. Indian J Clin Biochem 2013; 29:13-20. [PMID: 24478544 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-013-0313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of red (Gracillaria corticata), green (Ulva fasciata) and brown (Sargassum ilicifolium) seaweeds alcoholic extract, against five important human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HeLa, HepG2, and HT-29) proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were evaluated. The reducing activity and total polyphenol content were also investigated. MTT assay was used for cytotoxicity test. Morphological alterations were examined using phase contrast, fluorescent and electron microscopy. All the extracts were antiproliferative against all the cancer cell lines, dose-dependently, with G. corticata methanol extract (GCME) having the greatest inhibition activity against MCF-7 cell line. The percentage of apoptosis increased from 18 to 78 %. The cell cycle analysis also showed that GCME can induce apoptosis which confirm by TEM. Algal extract reducing activities were as follows: G. corticata > S. ilicifolium > U. fasciata. The GCME is a good source of potential complementary and alternative functional food for prevention and treatment of cancer.
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15
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Tucker SC, Honn KV. Emerging targets in lipid-based therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:673-688. [PMID: 23261527 PMCID: PMC4106802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of prostaglandins and NSAIDS in the clinic has proven that lipid mediators and their associated pathways make attractive therapeutic targets. When contemplating therapies involving lipid pathways, several basic agents come to mind. There are the enzymes and accessory proteins that lead to the metabolism of lipid substrates, provided through diet or through actions of lipases, the subsequent lipid products, and finally the lipid sensors or receptors. There is abundant evidence that molecules along this lipid continuum can serve as prognostic and diagnostic indicators and are in fact viable therapeutic targets. Furthermore, lipids themselves can be used as therapeutics. Despite this, the vernacular dialog pertaining to "biomarkers" does not routinely include mention of lipids, though this is rapidly changing. Collectively these agents are becoming more appreciated for their respective roles in diverse disease processes from cancer to preterm labor and are receiving their due appreciation after decades of ground work in the lipid field. By relating examples of disease processes that result from dysfunction along the lipid continuum, as well as examples of lipid therapies and emerging technologies, this review is meant to inspire further reading and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Tucker
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Kenneth V Honn
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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16
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Kim AD, Lee Y, Kang SH, Kim GY, Kim HS, Hyun JW. Cytotoxic effect of clerosterol isolated from Codium fragile on A2058 human melanoma cells. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:418-30. [PMID: 23389088 PMCID: PMC3640389 DOI: 10.3390/md11020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxic effects and mechanism of action of clerosterol, isolated from the marine alga Codium fragile, were investigated in A2058 human melanoma cells. Clerosterol inhibited the growth of A2058 cells with an IC(50) of 150 µM and induced apoptotic cell death, as evidenced by DNA fragmentation, an increase in the number of sub-G(1) hypodiploid cells and the presence of apoptotic bodies. Clerosterol treatment caused the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Alterations in the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins in response to clerosterol treatment included upregulation of Bax, downregulation of Bcl-2 and activation of caspases 3 and 9. The pan-caspase inhibitor treatment attenuated the expression of the active form of caspases and cell death induced by clerosterol. The present results show that clerosterol exerts its cytotoxic effect in A2058 human melanoma cells by caspases-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areum Daseul Kim
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (A.D.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Youngki Lee
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (A.D.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Sang-Hyuck Kang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (S.-H.K.); (G.Y.K.)
| | - Gi Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (S.-H.K.); (G.Y.K.)
| | - Hye Sun Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (A.D.K.); (Y.L.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +82-2-64-754-3838; Fax: +82-2-64-702-2687
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17
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Nakano T, Noro T, Kamei Y. In vitro promoting activity of human interferon β production by extracts of marine algae from Japan. Cytotechnology 2012; 25:239-41. [PMID: 22358899 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007939127679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two hundreds species of marine algae were investigated for in vitro promoting activity of human interferon β (IFN-β) production by poly(I:C)-induced human osteosarcoma cell line, MG-63. A brown alga, Sargassum hemipyllum promoted most its activity, showing more than 11-fold. When we attempted to partially purify the active substances by particular two-step chromatography, two peaks of active fractions were obtained. These fractioned materials exhibited the heat-stable and non-cytotoxic characters with the molecular weight less than 3000.
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18
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Harada H, Kamei Y. Selective cytotoxicity of marine algae extracts to several human leukemic cell lines. Cytotechnology 2012; 25:213-9. [PMID: 22358894 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007987010840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts from 8 species of marine algae which showed selective cytotoxicity in our previous screening program, were further examined for cytotoxic spectra to five human leukemic cell lines. The extract from a red alga, Amphiroa zonata exhibited strong cytotoxicity to all human leukemic cell lines tested and murine leukemic cells L1210 at the final concentrations from 15 to 375 µg ml-(1). Then the cytotoxicity was not found in normal human fibroblast HDF and murine normal cells NIH-3T3. The active extract fraction from this alga was soluble in higher polar organic solvents and water and heat-stable. The extract from a brown alga Dilophus okamurae with weak selective cytotoxic activity to L1210 cells exhibited not only strong cytotoxicity to L1210, but also to human leukemic cells, HL60 and MOLT-4 at 50 µg ml-(1). While, the extract from a green alga, Cladophoropsis vaucheriaeformis with most selective cytotoxic activity, did not show cytotoxicity to any human leukemic cell lines tested at 50 µg ml-(1). However, this extract showed strong cytotoxicity to two human leukemic cell lines and NIH-3T3 at 100 µg ml-(1). Thus, it was considered that a red alga, Amphiroa zonata might be suitable natural source for development of anti-cancer agents without side-effect.
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19
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Mary JS, Vinotha P, Pradeep AM. Screening for in vitro cytotoxic activity of seaweed, Sargassum sp. against Hep-2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:6073-6. [PMID: 23464406 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.12.6073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of anticancer drugs that kill or disable tumor cells in the presence of normal cells without undue toxicity is a potential challenge for therapeutic care. Several papers in the literature have emphasized the potential implications of marine products such as seaweeds which exhibit antitumor activity. Study attempts to screen the antitumor effect of Sargassum sp, against chosen cell lines such as MCF-7 (Breast cancer) and Hep-2 (Liver Cancer). Ethanol extract of Sargassum sp. was concentrated using a Soxhlet apparatus and dissolved in DMSO. In vitro cytotoxic activity of Sargassum sp at various concentrations (100 μg/ml-300 μg/ml) screened for antitumor effect against the chosen cell lines using MTT assay (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, a yellow tetrazole). The study documented that the percentage of cell viability has been reduced with increased concentration, as evidenced by cell death. Sargassum sp extract shows potential cytotoxic activity (P≤0.05) with IC50 of 200 μ g/ml and 250 μg/ml against Hep-2 and MCF-7 cell lines respectively. The ethanol fraction of Sargassum sp induced cell shrinkage, cell membrane blebbing and formation of apoptotic bodies with evidence of bioactive components as profound influencing factors for anti-tumor effects. Further research need to be explored for the successful application of Sargassum sp as a potent therapeutic tool against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stella Mary
- Post Graduate Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The American College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India.
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20
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Kamei Y, Sagara A. Neurite outgrowth promoting activity of marine algae from Japan against rat adrenal medulla pheochromocytoma cell line, PC12D. Cytotechnology 2011; 40:99-106. [PMID: 19003110 DOI: 10.1023/a:1023974323807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We screened for biological activity which induces neurite outgrowth in vitro from 300 species of marine algae from along the Japan coast for possible use as a treatment for the lack of neurotrophic factor which is considered to be a cause of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we evaluated the neurite outgrowth promoting activity in a rat adrenal medulla pheochromocytoma cell line, PC12D, using a low level of NGF (nerve growth factor). Although most of the samples had no activity, MeOH extract from a brown alga, Sargassum macrocarpum and PBS extract from a red alga, Jania adharens, exhibited neurite outgrowth promoting activity and induced neuron specific dendrites and axons from the surfaces of PC12D cells. The active substance present in S. macrocarpumseemed to be lipid and heat stable with molecular weight of around 500 to 1000. These results suggest that marine algae may constitute a good source for development of promising novel agents with neurotrophic activity in brain nerve systems for future use in treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kamei
- Saga University, 152-1 Shonan-cho, Karatsu, Saga, Japan,
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21
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Kamei Y, Sueyoshi M, Hayashi KI, Terada R, Nozaki H. The novel anti-Propionibacterium acnes compound, Sargafuran, found in the marine brown alga Sargassum macrocarpum. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2009; 62:259-63. [PMID: 19329987 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2009.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We screened extracts of 342 species of marine algae collected from Japanese coastlines for antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes, and found a novel antibacterial compound, which we named Sargafuran, from the MeOH extract of the marine brown alga, Sargassum macrocarpum. Sargafuran has low cytotoxicity, and the MIC against P. acnes was 15 microg ml(-1), showing a broad antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. A time-kill study showed that Sargafuran was bactericidal and completely killed P. acnes at 4 x MIC by lysing bacterial cells. These results suggest that Sargafuran might be useful as a lead compound to develop new types of anti-P. acnes substances and new skin care cosmetics to prevent or improve acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kamei
- Coastal Bioenvironment Center, Saga University, Karatsu, Saga, Japan.
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22
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Leiro JM, Castro R, Arranz JA, Lamas J. Immunomodulating activities of acidic sulphated polysaccharides obtained from the seaweed Ulva rigida C. Agardh. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 7:879-88. [PMID: 17499190 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Revised: 02/16/2007] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble acidic polysaccharides from the cell walls of Ulva rigida are mainly composed of disaccharides that contain glucuronic acid and sulphated rhamnose. The structure of disaccharides resembles that of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) as they both contain glucuronic acid and sulphated sugars. Glycosaminoglycans occur in the extracellular matrix of animal connective tissues but can also be produced by leucocytes at inflammatory sites. Certain types of GAGs can even activate macrophages and therefore the acidic polysaccharides from U. rigida probably modulate macrophage activity. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of U. rigida polysaccharides on several RAW264.7 murine macrophage activities, including expression of inflammatory cytokines and receptors, nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) production, and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS-2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression. U. rigida acidic polysaccharides induced a more than two-fold increase in the expression of several chemokines (chemokine (C motif) ligand 1, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 (Cxcl14)) and in the expression of IL6 signal transducer and IL12 receptor beta 1. Incubation of macrophages with U. rigida polysaccharides also induced an increase in nitrite production, although this effect decreased considerably after desulphation of polysaccharides, suggesting that the sulphate group is important for the stimulatory capacity of these molecules. U. rigida polysaccharides also stimulated macrophage secretion of PGE(2) and induced an increase in COX-2 and NOS-2 expression. The results indicate that U. rigida acid polysaccharide can be used as an experimental immunostimulant for analysing inflammatory responses related to macrophage functions. In addition, these polysaccharides may also be of clinical interest for modifying certain macrophage activities in diseases where macrophage function is impaired or needs to be boosted.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Leiro
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentarios, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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23
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Nara T, Kamei Y, Tsubouchi A, Annoura T, Hirota K, Iizumi K, Dohmoto Y, Ono T, Aoki T. Inhibitory action of marine algae extracts on the Trypanosoma cruzi dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activity and on the protozoan growth in mammalian cells. Parasitol Int 2005; 54:59-64. [PMID: 15710552 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2004.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2004] [Accepted: 11/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas' disease, replicates in mammalian cells and relies on the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway that supplies essential precursors for nucleic acid synthesis. The protozoan dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHOD), the fourth enzyme of the pathway catalyzing production of orotate from dihydroorotate, markedly differs from the human enzyme. This study was thus aimed to search for potent inhibitors against T. cruzi DHOD activity, and a number of methanol extracts prepared from green, brown, and red algae were assayed. The extracts from two brown algae, Fucus evanescens and Pelvetia babingtonii, yielded 59 and 58% decrease in the recombinant DHOD activity, respectively, at the concentration of 50 microg/ml. Inhibition by these extracts was noncompetitive with respect to dihydroorotate, with apparent Ki values of 35.3+/-5.9 and 10.3+/-4.4 microg/ml, respectively. Further, in an in vitro T. cruzi-HeLa cell infection system, ethanol-reconstituted F. evanescens and P. babingtonii extracts at the concentration of 1 microg/ml, respectively, decreased significantly the infection rate of host cells and the average parasite number per infected cell. These results imply that F. evanescens and P. babingtonii contain inhibitor(s) against the T. cruzi DHOD activity and against the protozoan infection and proliferation in mammalian cells. Identification of inhibitor(s) in these two brown algae and further screening of other marine algae may facilitate the discovery of new, anti-trypanosomal lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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24
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Chen YH, Tu CJ, Wu HT. Growth-inhibitory effects of the red alga Gelidium amansii on cultured cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2004; 27:180-4. [PMID: 14758029 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.27.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Gelidium amansii, an edible red agar cultivated off the northeast coast of Taiwan, on the growth of two lines of cancer cells, murine hepatoma (Hepa-1) and human leukemia (HL-60) cells, as well as a normal cell line, murine embryo fibroblast cells (NIH-3T3). The potential role of G. amansii on the induction of apoptosis was also examined. The results indicated that all extracts from G. amansii, including phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and methanol extracts from dried algae as well as the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extract from freeze-dried G. amansii agar, inhibited the growth of Hepa-1 and NIH-3T3 cells, but not the growth of HL-60 cells. Annexin V-positive cells were observed in methanol and DMSO extract-treated, but not PBS extract-treated Hepa-1 and NIH-3T3 cells, suggesting that the lipid-soluble extracts of G. amansii induced apoptosis. In summary, extracts of G. amansii from various preparations exhibited antiproliferative effects on Hepa-1 and NIH-3T3 cells, and apoptosis may play a role in the methanol and DMSO extract-induced inhibitory effects. However, the antiproliferative effects of PBS extracts was not through apoptosis. Moreover, the growth-inhibitory effects of G. amansii were not specific to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hwa Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan 110, ROC.
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25
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Zhu W, Ooi VEC, Chan PKS, Ang PO. Isolation and characterization of a sulfated polysaccharide from the brown alga Sargassum patens and determination of its anti-herpes activity. Biochem Cell Biol 2003; 81:25-33. [PMID: 12683633 DOI: 10.1139/o02-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract from the brown alga Sargassun patens led to the isolation of a polysaccharide as an antiviral component against herpes simplex viruses which are the cause of cold sores (HSV-1) and genital herpes (HSV-2). The polysaccharide contained a sulfur group that could be present as a sulfate ester. It is thus a sulfated polysaccharide with a molecular mass of about 424 kDa, and is designated SP-2a. Gas chromatographic assay showed that the polysaccharide consisted of fucose, galactose, mannose, xylose, glucose, and galactosamine. The fucose is the major constituent sugar (35.3%), followed by galactose (18.4%). The 50% effective concentration (EC50) against HSV-2, HSV-1, and HSV-1 acyclovir resistant strain was 1.3, 5.5, and 4.1 microg/mL, respectively. The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of SP-2a on the growth of normal Vero cell line was more than 4000 microg/mL. Therefore SP-2a of S. patens may be a potent agent for treating HSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhu
- Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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26
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Kanegawa K, Harada H, Myouga H, Katakura Y, Shirahata S, Kamei Y. Telomerase inhibiting activity in vitro from natural resources, marine algae extracts. Cytotechnology 2000; 33:221-7. [PMID: 19002829 PMCID: PMC3466719 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008179302906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We attempted to screen for telomerase inhibitingactivity in vitro from a total of 304 marine algae samples which were collected from various Japancoasts by nonradioisotope telomeric repeatamplification protocol (Non-RI TRAP) assay using humanleukemia MOLT-4 cells. Ten of the MeOH extracts andtwo of the PBS extracts from those algal samplesshowed telomerase inhibiting activity. In particular,the MeOH extract from a green alga, Caulerpasertularioides strongly inhibited telomerase activitywhen added to MOLT-4 cell culture at a level of 1.25%(v/v), suggesting that it may be possible to developa novel anti-cancer agent in view of its specificanti-telomeric property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Kanegawa
- Marine and Highland Bioscience Center, Saga University, 152-1 Shonan-cho, Karatsu, Saga, 847-0021 Japan
| | - Hideki Harada
- Marine and Highland Bioscience Center, Saga University, 152-1 Shonan-cho, Karatsu, Saga, 847-0021 Japan
| | - Hisashi Myouga
- Marine and Highland Bioscience Center, Saga University, 152-1 Shonan-cho, Karatsu, Saga, 847-0021 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Katakura
- Graduate School of Genetic Resources Technology, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812 Japan
| | - Sanetaka Shirahata
- Graduate School of Genetic Resources Technology, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812 Japan
| | - Yuto Kamei
- Marine and Highland Bioscience Center, Saga University, 152-1 Shonan-cho, Karatsu, Saga, 847-0021 Japan
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