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Son DH, Kim GY, Jeong JE, Lee SH, Park YI, Kong H, Cheong IW, Kim JC. Influence of Material Properties on the Damage-Reporting and Self-Healing Performance of a Mechanically Active Dynamic Network Polymer in Coating Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:2468. [PMID: 33922672 PMCID: PMC8122913 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a detailed investigation of the influence of the material properties of dynamic polymer network coatings on their self-healing and damage-reporting performance. A series of reversible polyacrylate urethane networks containing the damage-reporting diarylbibenzofuranone unit were synthesized, and their material properties (e.g., indentation modulus, hardness modulus, and glass-transition temperature) were measured conducting nanoindentation and differential scanning calorimetry experiments. The damage-reporting and self-healing performances of the dynamic polymer network coatings exhibited opposite tendencies with respect to the material properties of the polymer network coatings. Soft polymer network coatings with low glass-transition temperature (~10 °C) and indentation hardness (20 MPa) exhibited better self-healing performance (almost 100%) but two times worse damage-reporting properties than hard polymer network coatings with high glass-transition temperature (35~50 °C) and indentation hardness (150~200 MPa). These features of the dynamic polymer network coatings are unique; they are not observed in elastomers, films, and hydrogels, whereby the polymer networks are bound to the substrate surface. Evidence indicates that controlling the polymer's physical properties is a key factor in designing high-performance self-healing and damage-reporting polymer coatings based on mechanophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hae Son
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44412, Korea; (D.H.S.); (G.Y.K.); (J.-E.J.); (S.-H.L.); (Y.I.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Gi Young Kim
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44412, Korea; (D.H.S.); (G.Y.K.); (J.-E.J.); (S.-H.L.); (Y.I.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Ji-Eun Jeong
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44412, Korea; (D.H.S.); (G.Y.K.); (J.-E.J.); (S.-H.L.); (Y.I.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44412, Korea; (D.H.S.); (G.Y.K.); (J.-E.J.); (S.-H.L.); (Y.I.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Young Il Park
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44412, Korea; (D.H.S.); (G.Y.K.); (J.-E.J.); (S.-H.L.); (Y.I.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Hoyoul Kong
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44412, Korea; (D.H.S.); (G.Y.K.); (J.-E.J.); (S.-H.L.); (Y.I.P.); (H.K.)
| | - In Woo Cheong
- School of Applied Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jin Chul Kim
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44412, Korea; (D.H.S.); (G.Y.K.); (J.-E.J.); (S.-H.L.); (Y.I.P.); (H.K.)
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2
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Lee HM, Perumal S, Kim GY, Kim JC, Kim YR, Kim MP, Ko H, Rho Y, Cheong IW. Enhanced thermomechanical property of a self-healing polymer via self-assembly of a reversibly cross-linkable block copolymer. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00310g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of a self-healable block copolymer increases the mechanical property whilst maintaining self-healing efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang Moo Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 41566
- Republic of Korea
| | - Suguna Perumal
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 41566
- Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Young Kim
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- Ulsan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chul Kim
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- Ulsan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ryul Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
- Ulsan 44919
- Korea
| | - Minsoo P. Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
- Ulsan 44919
- Korea
| | - Hyunhyup Ko
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
- Ulsan 44919
- Korea
| | - Yecheol Rho
- Chemical Analysis Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- Daejeon 34114
- Korea
| | - In Woo Cheong
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 41566
- Republic of Korea
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Lee HM, Perumal S, Kim GY, Kim JC, Kim YR, Kim MP, Ko H, Rho Y, Cheong IW. Correction: Enhanced thermomechanical property of a self-healing polymer via self-assembly of a reversibly cross-linkable block copolymer. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py90081h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correction for ‘Enhanced thermomechanical property of a self-healing polymer via self-assembly of a reversibly cross-linkable block copolymer’ by Hyang Moo Lee et al., Polym. Chem., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0py00310g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang Moo Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 41566
- Republic of Korea
| | - Suguna Perumal
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 41566
- Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Young Kim
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- Ulsan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chul Kim
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- Ulsan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ryul Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
- Ulsan 44919
- Korea
| | - Minsoo P. Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
- Ulsan 44919
- Korea
| | - Hyunhyub Ko
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
- Ulsan 44919
- Korea
| | - Yecheol Rho
- Chemical Analysis Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- Daejeon 34114
- Korea
| | - In Woo Cheong
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 41566
- Republic of Korea
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Sharpe EE, Kim GY, Vinzant NJ, Arendt KW, Hanson AC, Martin DP, Sviggum HP. Need for additional anesthesia after single injection spinal analgesia for labor: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Obstet Anesth 2019; 40:45-51. [PMID: 31235213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little information about the use and efficacy of single injection spinal blocks for labor analgesia; specifically, how frequently subsequent analgesia or anesthesia is needed. This study determined how frequently an additional anesthetic intervention was needed in women who received single injection spinal analgesia. METHODS This retrospective study examined electronic medical records to find all single injection spinal analgesic blocks for labor analgesia over a 14-year (2003-2016) period. Patient and block characteristics and patient outcomes were recorded. The primary outcome was need for an additional anesthetic intervention following single injection spinal for labor analgesia. RESULTS Four-hundred-and-twenty-eight patients received single injection spinal blocks for labor and 60 (14.0%) needed an additional anesthetic either for labor analgesia (n=49) or an unexpected procedure (n=11). Two of these (0.5%) required general anesthesia. Parity of zero (nulliparous), a low cervical dilation at the time of the spinal injection, and induction of labor status, were associated with an increased risk of needing an additional anesthetic intervention. CONCLUSIONS This retrospective review provides evidence that single injection spinal anesthesia may be used for multiparous women with spontaneous labor and more advanced cervical dilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Sharpe
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - G Y Kim
- Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - N J Vinzant
- Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - K W Arendt
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - A C Hanson
- Department of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - D P Martin
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - H P Sviggum
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA.
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Choi EJ, Kim SR, Kim YJ, Kang SM, Kim GY, Kim JH, Lee YJ. Clinical and Genetic Analysis of an Infertile Male with 46,XX/46,XY Chimerism. Andrologia 2018; 51:e13215. [PMID: 30536450 DOI: 10.1111/and.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The sex chromosome-discordant chimerism 46,XX/46,XY is rarely found in humans with a phenotypically normal appearance, and this lack of phenotypic changes and the rarity of chimerism make it difficult to identify its exact incidence. Here, we report a case of this sex chromosome-discordant chimerism diagnosed by cytogenic and molecular analyses of peripheral blood in a phenotypically normal male who was referred to our facility for infertility. Based on the karyotype, fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and short tandem repeat (STR) analyses, the type of this chimerism was determined to be tetragametic presenting four alleles at two loci on chromosomes 16 and 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Choi
- iDream Research Center, Mizmedi Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Young Joo Kim
- iDream Research Center, Mizmedi Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Man Kang
- iDream Research Center, Mizmedi Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Young Kim
- Department of Urology, Mizmedi Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Kim
- Department of Urology, Mizmedi Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jin Lee
- iDream Research Center, Mizmedi Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
In an age when a small quantity of sperm can lead to pregnancy through in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection, selecting healthy sperm is important. Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) is known to be higher in infertile men. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) and the alkaline comet test are SDF tests that directly measure DNA damage and have shown closer correlations with assisted reproduction results than indirect tools such as the sperm chromatin structure assay or the sperm chromatic dispersion test. It is difficult; however, to endorse a single test as the best test overall; instead, it is best to select a testing method based on each patient's clinical condition and goals. In a couple struggling with infertility, if the male partner has a high level of SDF, he should aim to decrease SDF through lifestyle modifications, antioxidant treatment, and ensuring an appropriate duration of abstinence, and physicians need to treat the underlying diseases of such patients. If sperm DNA damage continues despite the patient's and physician's efforts, other methods, such as micromanipulation-based sperm selection or testicular sperm extraction, should be used to select healthy sperm with nuclear DNA integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Young Kim
- Department of Urology, Mizmedi Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Kim MY, Choi EO, HwangBo H, Kwon DH, Ahn KI, Kim HJ, Ji SY, Hong SH, Jeong JW, Kim GY, Park C, Choi YH. Reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis induction by water extract of Citrus unshiu peel in MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells. Nutr Res Pract 2018; 12:129-134. [PMID: 29629029 PMCID: PMC5886964 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2018.12.2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Although several recent studies have reported the anti-cancer effects of extracts or components of Citrus unshiu peel, which has been used for various purposes in traditional medicine, the molecular mechanisms for their effects remain unclear. In the present study, the anti-cancer activity of a water-soluble extract of C. unshiu peel (WECU) in MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells at the level of apoptosis induction was investigated. MATERIALS/METHODS Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected using DAPI staining and flow cytometry analyses. Mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, caspase activity and Western blotting were used to confirm the basis of apoptosis. RESULTS The results indicated that WECU-induced apoptosis was related to the activation of caspase-8, and -9, representative initiator caspases of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways, respectively, and caspase-3 accompanied by proteolytic degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and down-regulation of the inhibitors of apoptosis protein family members. WECU also increased the pro-apoptotic BAX to anti-apoptotic BCL-2 ratio, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytoplasm. Furthermore, WECU provoked the generation of ROS, but the reduction of cell viability and induction of apoptosis by WECU were prevented when ROS production was blocked by antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that WECU suppressed proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells by activating extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways in a ROS-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yeong Kim
- Open Laboratory for Muscular and Skeletal Disease, and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 42 San, Yangjungdong, Busan 47227, Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Eun Ok Choi
- Open Laboratory for Muscular and Skeletal Disease, and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 42 San, Yangjungdong, Busan 47227, Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Hyun HwangBo
- Open Laboratory for Muscular and Skeletal Disease, and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 42 San, Yangjungdong, Busan 47227, Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Da He Kwon
- Open Laboratory for Muscular and Skeletal Disease, and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 42 San, Yangjungdong, Busan 47227, Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Kyu Im Ahn
- Open Laboratory for Muscular and Skeletal Disease, and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 42 San, Yangjungdong, Busan 47227, Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea.,Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Hong Jae Kim
- Open Laboratory for Muscular and Skeletal Disease, and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 42 San, Yangjungdong, Busan 47227, Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Seon Yeong Ji
- Open Laboratory for Muscular and Skeletal Disease, and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 42 San, Yangjungdong, Busan 47227, Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Hong
- Open Laboratory for Muscular and Skeletal Disease, and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 42 San, Yangjungdong, Busan 47227, Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Open Laboratory for Muscular and Skeletal Disease, and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 42 San, Yangjungdong, Busan 47227, Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Gi Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Open Laboratory for Muscular and Skeletal Disease, and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 42 San, Yangjungdong, Busan 47227, Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea
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Koo HJ, Lee JH, Kim GY, Choi YJ, Baek JH, Choi SH, Nam SY, Kim SY, Suh DC. Ethanol and/or radiofrequency ablation to treat venolymphatic malformations that manifest as a bulging mass in the head and neck. Clin Radiol 2016; 71:1070.e1-1070.e7. [PMID: 27076254 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided ethanol ablation (EA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for treating venolymphatic malformations (VLM) of the head and neck. MATERIALS AND METHODS US-guided EA and/or RFA were performed on 17 patients with VLM of the head and neck. Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to locate the cranial nerves and salivary gland ducts that were close to targets, and these were avoided during the procedures. Treatment response was assessed using volume reduction and cosmetic grading scoring. RESULTS Nine VLMs were located close to the functional structures: Stensen's duct (n=3), cranial nerve branch (n=3), or both (n=3). All patients demonstrated >50% volume reduction, except one patient with a microcystic lymphatic malformation that was abutting the facial nerve. Median cosmetic grading scores improved from 4 to 1 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION US-guided EA and/or RFA are effective and safe treatment methods in patients with VLMs of the head and neck. Treatment selection of EA and/or RFA could be performed based on the composition of VLMs as assessed at CT and MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Koo
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - G Y Kim
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Y J Choi
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J H Baek
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S-H Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Y Nam
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Y Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - D C Suh
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Hyun HB, Lee WS, Go SI, Nagappan A, Park C, Han MH, Hong SH, Kim G, Kim GY, Cheong J, Ryu CH, Shin SC, Choi YH. The flavonoid morin from Moraceae induces apoptosis by modulation of Bcl-2 family members and Fas receptor in HCT 116 cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:2670-8. [PMID: 25892545 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It is evident based on literature that flavonoids from fruit can safely modulate cancer cell biology and induce apoptosis. Therefore, we investigated the anticancer activity of morin, a flavonoid which is plentiful in twigs of mulberry focusing on apoptosis, and its mechanisms. Morin upregulated the Fas receptor, and activates caspase-8, -9 and -3 in HCT-116 cells. Morin also activates Bid, and induced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ∆Ψm) with Bax protein activation and cytochrome c release. In addition, morin induced ROS generation which was not blocked by N-acetylcysteine. Morin also suppressed Bcl-2 and cIAP-1, anti-apoptotic proteins, which may contribute to augmentation of morin-triggered apoptosis. As an upstream signaling pathway, suppressed Akt activity by morin was associated to apoptosis. This study suggests that morin induces caspase-dependent apoptosis through extrinsic pathway by upregulating Fas receptor as well as through the intrinsic pathway by modulating Bcl-2 and IAP family members, and ROS generation, and that Akt is the critical upstream signaling that regulates the apoptotic effect of morin in human colon cancer HCT-116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwang-Bo Hyun
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Il Go
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Arulkumar Nagappan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Gonsup Kim
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehun Cheong
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Ho Ryu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
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10
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Park C, Lee WS, Go SI, Nagappan A, Han MH, Hong SH, Kim GS, Kim GY, Kwon TK, Ryu CH, Shin SC, Choi YH. Morin, a flavonoid from moraceae, induces apoptosis by induction of BAD protein in human leukemic cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 16:645-59. [PMID: 25561222 PMCID: PMC4307266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16010645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that phytochemicals can safely modulate cancer cell biology and induce apoptosis. Here, we investigated the anti-cancer activity of morin, a flavone originally isolated from members of the Moraceae family in human leukemic cells, focusing on apoptosis. An anti-cancer effect of morin was screened with several human leukemic cell lines. U937 cells were most sensitive to morin, where it induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. It also induced loss of MMP (ΔΨm) along with cytochrome c release, down-regulated Bcl-2 protein, and up-regulated BAX proteins. The apoptotic activity of morin was significantly attenuated by Bcl-2 augmentation. In conclusion, morin induced caspase-dependent apoptosis through an intrinsic pathway by upregulating BAD proteins. In addition, Bcl-2 protein expression is also important in morin-induced apoptosis of U937 cells. This study provides evidence that morin might have anticancer properties in human leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Korea.
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Korea.
| | - Se-Il Go
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Korea.
| | - Arulkumar Nagappan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Korea.
| | - Min Ho Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614-052, Korea.
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614-052, Korea.
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
| | - Gi Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea.
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Korea.
| | - Chung Ho Ryu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
| | - Sung Chul Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614-052, Korea.
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Jang KJ, Kim HK, Han MH, Oh YN, Yoon HM, Chung YH, Kim GY, Hwang HJ, Kim BW, Choi YH. Anti-inflammatory effects of saponins derived from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorus in lipopolysaccharide‑stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Int J Mol Med 2013; 31:1357-66. [PMID: 23563392 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix platycodi is the root of Platycodon grandiflorus A. DC, which has been widely used as a food material and for the treatment of a number of chronic inflammatory diseases in traditional oriental medicine. In this study, the anti‑inflammatory effects of the saponins isolated from radix platycodi (PGS) on the production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 murine microglial cells were examined. We also investigated the effects of PGS on LPS‑induced nuclear factor‑κB (NF-κB) activation and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Following stimulation with LPS, elevated nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and pro-inflammatory cytokine production was detected in the BV2 microglial cells. However, PGS significantly inhibited the excessive production of NO, PGE2 and pro‑inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in a concentration-dependent manner without causing any cytotoxic effects. In addition, PGS suppressed NF-κB translocation and inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of AKT and MAPKs. Our results indicate that the inhibitory effect of PGS on LPS-stimulated inflammatory response in BV2 microglial cells is associated with the suppression of NF-κB activation and the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. Therefore, these findings suggest that PGS may be useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases by inhibiting inflammatory responses in activated microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Jun Jang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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12
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Kang YK, Chang HM, Yook JH, Ryu MH, Park I, Min YJ, Zang DY, Kim GY, Yang DH, Jang SJ, Park YS, Lee JL, Kim TW, Oh ST, Park BK, Jung HY, Kim BS. Adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer: a randomised phase 3 trial of mitomycin-C plus either short-term doxifluridine or long-term doxifluridine plus cisplatin after curative D2 gastrectomy (AMC0201). Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1245-51. [PMID: 23449357 PMCID: PMC3619263 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This phase 3 study evaluated the efficacy of new adjuvant chemotherapy (MFP), which intensified the mitomycin-C (MMC) plus short-term doxifluridine (Mf) for gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 855 patients (424 in Mf, 431 in MFP) with pathological stage II-IV (M0) gastric cancer after D2 gastrectomy were randomly assigned to receive either Mf (MMC 20 mg m(-2), followed by oral doxifluridine 460-600 mg m(-2) per day for 3 months) or MFP (MMC 20 mg m(-2), followed by oral doxifluridine 460-600 mg m(-2) per day for 12 months with 6 monthly infusions of 60 mg m(-2) of cisplatin) chemotherapy. RESULTS With a median follow-up of 6.6 years, there was no difference between the two groups in recurrence-free survival (RFS) (5-year RFS 61.1% in Mf and 57.9% in MFP; hazard ratio 1.10 (95% CI 0.89-1.35); P=0.39) and overall survival (OS) (5-year OS 66.5% in Mf and 65.0% in MFP; hazard ratio 1.11 (95% CI 0.89-1.39); P=0.33). CONCLUSION Intensification of Mf adjuvant chemotherapy by prolonging the duration of oral fluoropyrimidine and adding cisplatin was safe but not effective to improve the survivals in curatively resected gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-K Kang
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea.
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13
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Kim AD, Lee Y, Kang SH, Kim GY, Kim HS, Hyun JW. Cytotoxic effect of clerosterol isolated from Codium fragile on A2058 human melanoma cells. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:418-30. [PMID: 23389088 PMCID: PMC3640389 DOI: 10.3390/md11020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxic effects and mechanism of action of clerosterol, isolated from the marine alga Codium fragile, were investigated in A2058 human melanoma cells. Clerosterol inhibited the growth of A2058 cells with an IC(50) of 150 µM and induced apoptotic cell death, as evidenced by DNA fragmentation, an increase in the number of sub-G(1) hypodiploid cells and the presence of apoptotic bodies. Clerosterol treatment caused the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Alterations in the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins in response to clerosterol treatment included upregulation of Bax, downregulation of Bcl-2 and activation of caspases 3 and 9. The pan-caspase inhibitor treatment attenuated the expression of the active form of caspases and cell death induced by clerosterol. The present results show that clerosterol exerts its cytotoxic effect in A2058 human melanoma cells by caspases-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areum Daseul Kim
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (A.D.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Youngki Lee
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (A.D.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Sang-Hyuck Kang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (S.-H.K.); (G.Y.K.)
| | - Gi Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (S.-H.K.); (G.Y.K.)
| | - Hye Sun Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (A.D.K.); (Y.L.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +82-2-64-754-3838; Fax: +82-2-64-702-2687
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14
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Hong JY, Boo HJ, Kang JI, Kim MK, Yoo ES, Hyun JW, Koh YS, Kim GY, Maeng YH, Hyun CL, Chang WY, Kim YH, Kim YR, Kang HK. (1S,2S,3E,7E,11E)-3,7,11,15-Cembratetraen-17,2-olide, a cembrenolide diterpene from soft coral Lobophytum sp., inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells through reactive oxygen species generation. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:1054-63. [PMID: 22791152 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b11-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We observed that (1S,2S,3E,7E,11E)-3,7,11,15-Cembratetraen-17,2-olide (LS-1), marine cembrenolide diterpene, inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells via a reactive oxygen species (ROS) dependent mechanism. Treatment of HT-29 cells with LS-1 resulted in ROS generation, which was accompanied by disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytosolic release of cytochrome c, sub-G1 peak accumulation, activation of Bid, caspase-3, -8, and -9, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) along with the suppressive expression of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). All these effects were significantly blocked on pretreatment with the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC), indicating the involvement of increased ROS in the proapoptotic activity of LS-1. Moreover, we showed that LS-1 induced the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and dephosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Akt, Src and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3, which were effectively attenuated by NAC. In addition, the expressions of antioxidant catalase and glutathione peroxidase were abrogated by treatment using LS-1 with or without NAC. These findings reveal the novel anticancer efficacy of LS-1 mediated by the induction of apoptosis via ROS generation in human colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Hong
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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15
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Jayasooriya RGPT, Nam TJ, Kim GY, Choi YH. Methanol Extract of Polyopes lancifolius Suppresses Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression in T24 Bladder Carcinoma Cells. TROP J PHARM RES 2012. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v11i3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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16
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Kang KA, Maeng YH, Zhang R, Yang YR, Piao MJ, Kim KC, Kim GY, Kim YR, Koh YS, Kang HK, Hyun CL, Chang WY, Hyun JW. Involvement of heme oxygenase-1 in Korean colon cancer. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:1031-8. [PMID: 22302482 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0336-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catabolizes heme into carbon monoxide, biliverdin, and free iron which mediate its protective effect against oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to determine the expression level and activity of HO-1 in Korean colon cancer tissues and cell lines. HO-1 protein expression was higher (>1.5-fold) in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissues in 14 of 20 colon cancer patients, and HO-1 protein expression was closely correlated with HO-1 enzyme activity in cancer tissues. Immunohistochemical data confirmed that HO-1 protein was expressed at a higher level in colon cancer tissues than in normal mucosa. Furthermore, HO-1 mRNA and protein expression and enzyme activity were higher in the colon cancer cell lines Caco-2, SNU-407, SNU-1033, HT-29, and SW-403 than in the normal fetal human colon cell line FHC. Treatment with the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin decreased the viability of colon cancer cell lines. These data indicate that HO-1 may serve as a clinically useful biomarker of colon cancer and as a target for anticolon cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ah Kang
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
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17
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Park JS, Shin DY, Lee YW, Cho CK, Kim GY, Kim WJ, Yoo HS, Choi YH. Apoptotic and anti-metastatic effects of the whole skin of Venenum bufonis in A549 human lung cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2011; 40:1210-9. [PMID: 22200726 PMCID: PMC3584623 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2011.1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of the whole skin of Venenum bufonis on apoptotic and anti-invasive activity in A549 human lung cancer cells were investigated. Treatment with extract of the whole skin of V. bufonis (SVB) resulted in a significant decrease in cell growth of A549 cells, depending on dosage, which was associated with apoptosis induction, as proved by chromatin condensation and accumulation of apoptotic fraction. SVB treatment induced expression of death receptor-related proteins, such as death receptor 4, which further triggered activation of caspase-8 and cleavage of Bid. In addition, the increase in apoptosis by SVB treatment was correlated with dysfunction of mitochondria, activation of caspase-9 and -3, downregulation of IAP family proteins, such as XIAP, cIAP-1 and cIAP-2, and concomitant degradation of activated caspase-3-specific target proteins, such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and β-catenin proteins. However, z-DEVD-fmk, a caspase-3-specific inhibitor, blocked SVB-induced apoptosis and increased the survival rate of SVB-treated cells, indicating that activation of caspase-3 plays a key role in SVB-induced apoptosis. In addition, within concentrations that were not cytotoxic to A549 cells, SVB induced marked inhibition of cell motility and invasiveness. Activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in AGS cells were dose-dependently inhibited by treatment with SVB, and this was also correlated with a decrease in expression of their mRNA and proteins, and upregulation of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA expression. Further studies are needed; however, the results indicated that SVB induces apoptosis of A549 cells through a signaling cascade of death receptor-mediated extrinsic as well as mitochondria-mediated intrinsic caspase pathways. Our data also demonstrated that MMPs are critical targets of SVB-induced anti-invasiveness in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Seok Park
- Department of East-West Cancer Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea
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18
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Han MH, Kim GY, Moon SK, Kim WJ, Nam TJ, Choi YH. Apoptosis induction by glycoprotein isolated from Laminaria japonica is associated with down-regulation of telomerase activity and prostaglandin E2 synthesis in AGS human gastric cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2011; 38:577-84. [PMID: 21132266 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2010.853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein isolated from Laminaria japonica (LJGP) is known to exhibit significant cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells; however, the mechanisms of its cytoxicity are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated further possible mechanisms by which LJGP exerts its anti-cancer action in cultured human gastric carcinoma AGS cells. LJGP treatment of AGS cells resulted in inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, as determined by MTT assay, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry analysis. The increase in apoptosis was associated with up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax expression, down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and IAP family members, and activation of caspase-3 and -9. LJGP treatment markedly down-regulated the activity of telomerase and expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase, a main determinant of telomerase enzymatic activity, with inhibition of Sp1 and c-Myc expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, LJGP treatment also caused a progressive decrease in the expression levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 without significant changes in the levels of COX-1, which was correlated with a decrease in prostaglandin E2 synthesis. These results provide important new insights into the possible molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer activity of LJGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ho Han
- Department of Biomaterial Control and Blue-Bio Industry Regional Innovation Center, Dongeui University Graduate School, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
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19
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Hossain MA, Kim MY, Kim DH, Kim JA, Kang YJ, Moon JO, Kim GY, Choi YH, Kim ND. Abstract 226: Aspirin alone or in combination with doxorubicin induced efficient apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common cancers worldwide, is refractory to most anticancer drugs. Doxorubicin offers a survival benefit to patients with intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the favorable therapeutic response to doxorubicin is often associated with severe toxicity. The present research was aimed at developing a strategy of increasing doxorubicin sensitivity so that lower doses may be used without compromising efficacy. Recently, aspirin (ASA) and some other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have drawn much attention for their protective effects against colon cancer and cardiovascular disease. Several studies also found that regular ASA use is significantly associated with reduced risk of lung cancer. We investigated the effects of ASA on HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Growth inhibition effect of aspirin was measured by MTT assay. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that aspirin can induce G2/M phase arrest which we observed by the level of cell cycle regulatory proteins and DNA ladder formation indicates apoptosis dose dependently. We found that ASA treatment followed both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways for apoptosis induction. In addition to this, when administered in combination, doxorubicin (DOX) and ASA produced synergistic effect in growth inhibition in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and induced apoptosis in caspase-dependent pathway. Therefore, clinically achievable concentrations of DOX and ASA used in combination may produce a strong anticancer synergy that warrants investigation as a therapeutic strategy to enhance the efficacy of doxorubicin for treating HCC. [This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea government (MOST) (R01-2006-000-11117-0)].
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 226.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Young Kim
- 1BK21 Program, Pusan National Univ., Busan, Korea, Republic of
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- 1BK21 Program, Pusan National Univ., Busan, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jin-Ah Kim
- 1BK21 Program, Pusan National Univ., Busan, Korea, Republic of
| | - Yong Jung Kang
- 1BK21 Program, Pusan National Univ., Busan, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jeon Ok Moon
- 1BK21 Program, Pusan National Univ., Busan, Korea, Republic of
| | - Gi Young Kim
- 2Cheju Natioinal University, Jeju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- 3Dongeui University Graduate School, Busan, Korea, Republic of
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- 1BK21 Program, Pusan National Univ., Busan, Korea, Republic of
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Kim DH, Kim MY, Hossain MA, Kim JA, Kang YJ, Suh H, Choi YH, Kim GY, Kim ND. Abstract 458: A novel resveratrol analogue, HS-1793, down-regulates the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and VEGF, and inhibits hypoxia-induced cell migration of human prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a transcription factor, over- expressed in many human tumors and their metastases, and is closely associated with more aggressive tumor phenotype. An important objective of anti-cancer therapy is the development of new drugs that suppress hypoxic responses in solid tumors. In many studies, resveratrol has been shown to chemopreventive effect in various cancer cells. However, resveratrol's biological activity is limited by its photosensitivity and metabolic instability. This study was investigated the effects of a novel analogue of resveratrol, HS-1793, on the expression levels of HIF-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. Hypoxic condition induced a time-dependent increase in the level of HIF-1α protein in PC-3 cells, and treatment with HS-1793 markedly decreased HIF-1α expression level. HS-1793 also inhibited VEGF expression level. Mechanistically, HS-1793 inhibited HIF-1α and VEGF expression through multiple mechanisms. Firstly, HS-1793 inhibited both PI3K and Erk phosphorylations in PC-3 cells. Secondly, HS-1793 substantially induced HIF-1α protein degradation through the proteasome pathway. Finally, HS-1793 inhibited hypoxia-induced cell migration. These data suggested that HS-1793 may inhibit human prostate cancer progression and angiogenesis by inhibiting HIF-1α and VEGF expression. Moreover, HS-1793 showed more potent effect than resveratrol on the cytotoxic effects on PC-3 cells. Taken together, these results implied that HS-1793, a novel analogue of resveratrol, might be a new potent chemopreventive agent against human prostate cancer cells. [This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea government (MOST) (R01-2006-000-11117-0)].
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 458.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwan Kim
- 1BK21 Program, Pusan National Univ., Busan, Korea, Republic of
| | - Min Young Kim
- 1BK21 Program, Pusan National Univ., Busan, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Jin-Ah Kim
- 1BK21 Program, Pusan National Univ., Busan, Korea, Republic of
| | - Yong Jung Kang
- 1BK21 Program, Pusan National Univ., Busan, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hongsuk Suh
- 2Pusan National Univ., Busan, Korea, Republic of
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- 3Dongeui University Graduate School, Busan, Korea, Republic of
| | - Gi Young Kim
- 4Cheju National University, Jeju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- 1BK21 Program, Pusan National Univ., Busan, Korea, Republic of
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Shin DY, Lee WS, Kim SH, Kim MJ, Yun JW, Lu JN, Lee SJ, Tsoy I, Kim HJ, Ryu CH, Kim GY, Kang HS, Shin SC, Choi YH. Anti-invasive activity of anthocyanins isolated from Vitis coignetiae in human hepatocarcinoma cells. J Med Food 2010; 12:967-72. [PMID: 19857058 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.1338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated anti-invasive effects of the anthocyanins from fruits of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat (known as meoru in Korea) on human hepatoma Hep3B cells. The anthocyanins inhibited cell invasion in a dose-dependent manner as measured by Matrigel (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) invasion assays. They also inhibited expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 and activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that the anthocyanins isolated from fruits of V. coignetiae Pulliat have anti-invasive effects on human hepatoma Hep3B cells and inhibit MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene expression at least in part through the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yeok Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Moon DO, Kim MO, Kang CH, Lee JD, Choi YH, Kim GY. JNK inhibitor SP600125 promotes the formation of polymerized tubulin, leading to G2/M phase arrest, endoreduplication, and delayed apoptosis. Exp Mol Med 2010; 41:665-77. [PMID: 19478553 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2009.41.9.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The JNK inhibitor SP600125 strongly inhibits cell proliferation in many human cancer cells by blocking cell-cycle progression and inducing apoptosis. Despite extensive study, the mechanism by which SP600125 inhibits mitosis-related effects in human leukemia cells remains unclear. We investigated the effects of SP600125 on the inhibition of cell proliferation and the cell cycle, and on microtubule dynamics in vivo and in vitro. Treatment of synchronized leukemia cells with varying concentrations of SP600125 results in significant G2/M cell cycle arrest with elevated p21 levels, phosphorylation of histone H3 within 24 h, and endoreduplication with elevated Cdk2 protein levels after 48 h. SP600125 also induces significant abnormal microtubule dynamics in vivo. High concentrations of SP600125 (200 microM) were required to disorganize microtubule polymerization in vitro. Additionally, SP600125- induced delayed apoptosis and cell death was accompanied by significant poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage and caspase-3 activity in the late phase (at 72 h). Endoreduplication showed a greater increase in ectopic Bcl-2-expressing U937 cells at 72 h than in wild-type U937 cells without delayed apoptosis. These results indicate that Bcl-2 suppresses apoptosis and SP600125-induced G2/M arrest and endoreduplication. Therefore, we suggest that SP600125 induces mitotic arrest by inducing abnormal spindle microtubule dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Oh Moon
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University and, Jeju Regional Cancer Center, Jeju 690-756, Korea
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Ryu GY, Lee SG, Lim SH, Kim GY, Kim YK, Shin DM. A non-doped organic light emitting diode with pure red emission using a new host emitter. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2009; 9:6983-6987. [PMID: 19908711 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2009.1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A red fluorescent material (2E,2'E)-3,3'-[4,4"-bis(dimethylamino)-1,1': 4',1 "-terphenyl-2',5'-diyl]bis[2-(2-thienyl)acrylonitrile] (ABCV-Th) was synthesized for use in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) as the host emissive material. It has been reported some green and blue host emissive materials used in OLEDs revealed high device performance but, owing to concentration quenching, comparable red light emitting materials are still rare in OLEDs application. Non-doped organic light emitting diodes, with the structure of ITO/NPB/ABCV-Th (30 nm and 50 nm)/BCP/Alq3/Liq/Al were fabricated using ABCV-Th as the host emitter. The peak wavelength and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of electroluminescence (EL) were 629.5 nm and 68.5 nm, respectively. The maximum brightness and turn on voltage of the device were measured to be 1330 cd/m2 at 14.6 V and 3.4 V, respectively. The device exhibited authentic red emission (Commission Internationale De L'Eclairage (CIE(xy)) = 0.65, 0.34) which is almost close to the standard red (CIE(xy) = 0.67, 0.33) demanded by the national television system committee (NTSC).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y Ryu
- Department of Electric Information and Control Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 121-791, Korea
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Kim KC, Kang KA, Zhang R, Piao MJ, Kim GY, Kang MY, Lee SJ, Lee NH, Surh YJ, Hyun JW. Up-regulation of Nrf2-mediated heme oxygenase-1 expression by eckol, a phlorotannin compound, through activation of Erk and PI3K/Akt. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 42:297-305. [PMID: 19931411 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the cytoprotective effect of eckol, a phlorotannin found in Ecklonia cava and to elucidate underlying mechanisms. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an important antioxidant enzyme that plays a role in cytoprotection against oxidative stress. Eckol-induced HO-1 expression both at the level of mRNA and protein in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells, resulting in increased HO-1 activity. The transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a critical regulator of HO-1, achieved by binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE). Eckol treatment resulted in the enhanced level of phosphorylated form, nuclear translocation, ARE-binding, and transcriptional activity of Nrf2. Extracellular regulated kinase (Erk) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB, Akt) contributed to ARE-driven HO-1 expression. Eckol activated both Erk and Akt, and treatments with U0126 (an Erk kinase inhibitor), LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor), specific Erk1 siRNA, and Akt siRNA suppressed the eckol-induced activation of Nrf2, resulting in a decrease in HO-1 expression. ZnPP (a HO-1 inhibitor), HO-1 siRNA, and Nrf2 siRNA markedly abolished the cytoprotective effect of eckol against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage. Likewise, U0126 and LY294002 inhibited the eckol-induced cytoprotective effect against oxidative cell damage. These studies demonstrate that eckol attenuates oxidative stress by activating Nrf2-mediated HO-1 induction via Erk and PI3K/Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Cheon Kim
- School of Applied Marine Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, South Korea
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Lee EJ, Joo KR, Cha JM, Shin HP, Jung SW, Lee JI, Kim GY. Intra-ampullary protruding mass: unusual presentation of mucinous carcinoma of the pancreas. Endoscopy 2009; 41 Suppl 2:E74-5. [PMID: 19370519 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1119731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E J Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University East-West Neo Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Lee SH, Park SM, Park SM, Park JH, Shin DY, Kim GY, Ryu CH, Shin SC, Jung JM, Kang HS, Lee WS, Choi YH. Induction of apoptosis in human leukemia U937 cells by anthocyanins through down-regulation of Bcl-2 and activation of caspases. Int J Oncol 2009; 34:1077-83. [PMID: 19287965 DOI: 10.3892/ijo_00000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a class of flavonoids, widely spread throughout the plant kingdom, that exhibit important anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions as well as chemotherapeutic effects. However, little is known concerning the molecular mechanisms by which these activities are exerted. In this study, we investigated the anthocyanins isolated from Vitis coignetiae Pulliat for their potential anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on human leukemia U937 cells. It was found that these anthocyanins inhibit cell viability and induce apoptotic cell death of U937 cells in a dose-dependent manner, as measured by hemocytometer counts, by alteration in the mitochondrial membrane potential, by increases in sub-G1 populations and by DNA ladder formation. Apoptosis of U937 cells by anthocyanins was associated with modulation of expression of Bcl-2 and IAP family members. Consequently, anthocyanin treatment induced proteolytic activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9, and a concomitant degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. However, anthocyanin-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis were significantly attenuated in Bcl-2 overexpressing U937 cells. Furthermore, z-DEVD-fmk, a caspase-3 specific inhibitor, blocked apoptosis and increased the survival of anthocyanin-treated U937 cells. Taken together, these results show that Bcl-2 and caspases are key regulators of apoptosis in response to anthocyanins in human leukemia U937 cells.
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Kang KA, Kim JS, Zhang R, Piao MJ, Chang WY, Kim KC, Kim GY, Jin M, Hyun JW. Protective mechanism of KIOM-4 against streptozotocin induced diabetic cells: Involvement of heme oxygenase-1. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-008-0196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Shin DY, Kim GY, Li W, Choi BT, Kim ND, Kang HS, Choi YH. Implication of intracellular ROS formation, caspase-3 activation and Egr-1 induction in platycodon D-induced apoptosis of U937 human leukemia cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2009; 63:86-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Kim KC, Kang KA, Zhang R, Piao MJ, Heo YJ, Chae S, Kim GY, Moon JY, Yoo BS, Hyun JW. Risk reduction of ethyl acetate fraction of Empetrum nigrum var. japonicum via antioxidant properties against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2009; 72:1499-1508. [PMID: 20077224 DOI: 10.1080/15287390903213178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produce damage to all major cellular constituents. The antioxidant properties of the ethyl acetate fraction of Empetrum nigrum was assessed against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced cell damage. Empetrum extract was found to scavenge (1) intracellular ROS in cell system, (2) hydroxyl radicals generated by the Fenton reaction (FeSO(4) + H(2)O(2)), and (3) superoxide radicals generated by xanthine/xanthine oxidase in a cell-free system as detected by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry. Cell damage was produced by H(2)O(2) treatment as evidenced by DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and increased protein carbonyl formation; however, Empetrum extract prevented H(2)O(2)-induced damage to these parameters. Empetrum extract increased viability of Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells exposed to H(2)O(2), as evidenced by decreased apoptotic nuclear fragmentation, and lower sub G(1) cell population. Further, Empetrum extract restored the cellular antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which were reduced by H(2)O(2) treatment. In conclusion, Empetrum extract protected cells against H(2)O(2)-induced cell damage via antioxidant properties by scavenging ROS and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Cheon Kim
- School of Applied Marine Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Korea
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Nah YW, Nam CW, Suh JH, Cha HJ, Kim GY, Park SJ, Oh Y, Cho HR. Isolated acute cellular rejection of the liver after simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation: a case report. Transplant Proc 2008; 40:2832-4. [PMID: 18929875 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation (SLKT) is now considered the treatment of choice for patients with concurrent end-stage liver and kidney diseases. Even though the early postoperative mortality rate following SLKT is reported to be high compared to that of liver transplantation alone, the liver graft from the same donor has been argued to induce better kidney graft acceptance as evidenced by a low rate of acute renal rejection episodes. There have been many reports of a low incidence of acute renal rejection following SLKT; however, only a few cases were proven by simultaneous biopsies. The authors experienced a case of biopsy-proven isolated acute cellular rejection of the liver graft following SLKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Nah
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea.
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Kim YH, Park C, Lee JO, Kim GY, Lee WH, Choi YH, Ryu CH. Induction of apoptosis by piceatannol in human leukemic U937 cells through down-regulation of Bcl-2 and activation of caspases. Oncol Rep 2008; 19:961-967. [PMID: 18357382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Piceatannol is a polyphenol that is found in abundant quantities in grapes and wine. Although recent experimental data revealed the proapoptotic potency of piceatannol, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-leukemic activity have not yet been studied in detail. This study examined the effects of piceatannol on the growth of the human leukemia cell line U937. The results showed that piceatannol inhibits the viability of U937 cells by inducing apoptosis, as evidenced by the formation of apoptotic bodies, DNA fragmentation and the accumulation of the sub-G1 phase. RT-PCR and immunoblotting data showed that treating the cells with piceatannol caused the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and cIAP-2 expression. Piceatannol-induced apoptosis was also associated with the proteolytic activation of caspase-3, and the degradation/cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase protein. z-DEVD-fmk, a caspase-3-specific inhibitor, blocked the activation of caspase-3 and increased the survival of the piceatannol-treated U937 cells, suggesting that caspase-3 activation is essential for piceatannol-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Hoon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
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Shin DY, Kim GY, Kim ND, Jung JH, Kim SK, Kang HS, Choi YH. Induction of apoptosis by pectenotoxin-2 is mediated with the induction of DR4/DR5, Egr-1 and NAG-1, activation of caspases and modulation of the Bcl-2 family in p53-deficient Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2008; 19:517-526. [PMID: 18202802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 restricts proliferation in response to DNA damage or the deregulation of mitogenic oncogenes, by leading to the induction of various cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis or cellular senescence. Consequently, p53 mutations increase cell proliferation and survival and in some settings promote genomic instability and resistance to certain anti-cancer drugs. It is very important to identify chemotherapeutic agents that activate in a p53-independent manner for the development of treatments for p53-deficient tumors. Pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2), isolated from marine sponges has been reported to display significant cytotoxicity to p53-deficient cancer cell lines. In this study, we compared the anti-cancer activity of PTX-2 in order to further test the status of p53 using two well-known hepatocarcinoma cell lines, p53-deficient Hep3B and p53-wild-type HepG2. MTT assay indicated that Hep3B cells were highly susceptible, whereas HepG2 cells were more resistant to this compound which was connected with the induction of apoptotic cell death in p53-deficient Hep3B cells, though not in HepG2 cells. The apoptosis induced by PTX-2 in Hep3B cells was associated with the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 members (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) and IAP family proteins, the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax protein and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-receptor 1/receptor 2 (DR4/DR5) and mitochondrial dysfunction. PTX-2 activated caspases (caspase-3, -8 and -9) and the blockade of caspase-3 activity by the caspase-3 inhibitor prevented the PTX-2-induced apoptosis in Hep3B cells. Additionally, the transcription factor early growth response-1 (Egr-1) gene was transcriptionally activated and the levels of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)-activated gene-1 (NAG-1) protein were also elevated in PTX-2-treated Hep3B cells. Although further studies are needed to prove that an increased expression of Egr-1 by PTX-2 directly leads to NAG-1 induction and then apoptosis induction in p53-deficient Hep3B cells, the results of this study suggest that PTX-2 may be a good candidate for the development of a potential anti-tumorigenic agent in p53-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yeok Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614-052, Korea
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Kim SO, Kwon JI, Jeong YK, Kim GY, Kim ND, Choi YH. Induction of Egr-1 is associated with anti-metastatic and anti-invasive ability of beta-lapachone in human hepatocarcinoma cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2007; 71:2169-76. [PMID: 17827686 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
beta-lapachone, a quinone compound obtained from the bark of the lapacho tree (Tabebuia avellanedae), was reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. In this study, we investigated novel functions of beta-lapachone in terms of anti-metastasis and anti-invasion abilities using human hepatocarcinoma cell lines, HepG2 and Hep3B. beta-lapachone dose-dependently inhibited cell viability and migration of both HepG2 and Hep3B cells, as determined by methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay and wound healing assay. RT-PCR and Western blot data revealed that beta-lapachone dramatically increased the levels of protein, as well as mRNA expression of early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) and throbospondin-1 (TSP-1) at an early point in time, and then decreased in a time-dependent manner. In addition, down-regulation of Snail and up-regulation of E-cadherin expression were observed in beta-lapachone-treated HepG2 and Hep3B cells, and this the associated with decreased invasive ability as measured by matrigel invasion assay. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that beta-lapachone may be expected to inhibit the progression and metastasis of hepatoma cells, at least in part by inhibiting the invasive ability of the cells via up-regulation of the expression of the Egr-1, TSP-1, and E-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ok Kim
- Department of Biomaterial Control (BK21 Program), Dongeui University Graduate School, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614-052, South Korea
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Han MH, Kim SO, Kim GY, Kwon TK, Choi BT, Lee WH, Choi YH. Induction of apoptosis by sanguinarine in C6 rat glioblastoma cells is associated with the modulation of the Bcl-2 family and activation of caspases through downregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt. Anticancer Drugs 2007; 18:913-21. [PMID: 17667597 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e328117f463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sanguinarine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid that is derived from the root of Sanguinaria canadensis and other poppy fumaria species, and is known to have antimicrobial, antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study investigated the possible mechanisms through which sanguinarine exerts its antiproliferative action in cultured C6 rat glioblastoma cells. The exposure of C6 cells to sanguinarine resulted in growth inhibition and the induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, as measured by the MTT assay, fluorescence microscopy, agarose gel electrophoresis and annexin-V-based assay. The sanguinarine treatment induced the proteolytic activation of caspases and ICAD/DFF45, which was associated with the modulation of the Bcl-2 family, concomitant degradation of poly(ADP ribose) polymerase and phospholipase C-gamma1 protein, and DNA fragmentation. z-DEVD-fmk, a caspase-3-specific inhibitor, blocked poly(ADP ribose) polymerase degradation, DNA fragmentation and increased the survival rate of sanguinarine-treated C6 cells. Moreover, the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt was downregulated in sanguinarine-treated cells, and PD98059, a specific extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor, and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/Akt inhibitors, LY294002 and wortmanin, sensitized the cells to sanguinarine-induced apoptosis, indicating that the downregulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt signaling pathway may play a key role in sanguinarine-induced apoptosis in C6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ho Han
- Department of Biomaterial Control (BK21 program), Dongeui University Graduate School, Busan, South Korea
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Park SY, Kim GY, Bae SJ, Yoo YH, Choi YH. Induction of apoptosis by isothiocyanate sulforaphane in human cervical carcinoma HeLa and hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells through activation of caspase-3. Oncol Rep 2007; 18:181-7. [PMID: 17549366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate that is found in abundant quantities in many cruciferous vegetables including broccoli and cauliflower. Its inhibitory effects on tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo, which is dependent on the direct effect on cancer cells, has attracted considerable attention. This study examined the effects of SFN on the growth of human cervical carcinoma HeLa and hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. The results showed that SFN inhibits the viability of both HeLa and HepG2 cells by inducing apoptosis, as evidenced by the formation of apoptotic bodies and the accumulation of the sub-G1 phase. RT-PCR and immunoblotting showed that treating the cells with SFN caused the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, and the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax expression. SFN-induced apoptosis was associated with the proteolytic activation of caspase-3, and the degradation/cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and the beta-catenin protein. z-DEVD-fmk, a caspase-3 specific inhibitor, blocked the activation of caspase-3 and increased the survival of the SFN-treated HeLa and HepG3 cells, suggesting that caspase-3 activation is essential for SFN-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soung Young Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614-052, South Korea
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Park SJ, Kim GY, Choy HE, Hong YJ, Saif LJ, Jeong JH, Park SI, Kim HH, Kim SK, Shin SS, Kang MI, Cho KO. Dual enteric and respiratory tropisms of winter dysentery bovine coronavirus in calves. Arch Virol 2007; 152:1885-900. [PMID: 17564760 PMCID: PMC7087358 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-007-1005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although winter dysentery (WD), which is caused by the bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is characterized by the sudden onset of diarrhea in many adult cattle in a herd, the pathogenesis of the WD-BCoV is not completely understood. In this study, colostrum-deprived calves were experimentally infected with a Korean WD-BCoV strain and examined for viremia, enteric and nasal virus shedding as well as for viral antigen expression and virus-associated lesions in the small and large intestines and the upper and lower respiratory tract from 1 to 8 days after an oral infection. The WD-BCoV-inoculated calves showed gradual villous atrophy in the small intestine and a gradual increase in the crypt depth of the large intestine. The WD-BCoV-infected animals showed epithelial damage in nasal turbinates, trachea and lungs, and interstitial pneumonia. The WD-BCoV antigen was detected in the epithelium of the small and large intestines, nasal turbinates, trachea and lungs. WD-BCoV RNA was detected in the serum from post-inoculation day 3. These results show that the WD-BCoV has dual tropism and induces pathological changes in both the digestive and respiratory tracts of calves. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed report of dual enteric and respiratory tropisms of WD-BCoV in calves. Comprehensive studies of the dual tissue pathogenesis of the BCoV might contribute to an increased understanding of similar pneumoenteric CoV infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Park
- Biotherapy Human Resources Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Woo HJ, Park KY, Rhu CH, Lee WH, Choi BT, Kim GY, Park YM, Choi YH. Beta-lapachone, a quinone isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, induces apoptosis in HepG2 hepatoma cell line through induction of Bax and activation of caspase. J Med Food 2006; 9:161-8. [PMID: 16822200 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2006.9.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA topoisomerase inhibitor beta-lapachone is a quinone obtained from the bark of the lapacho tree (Tabebuia avellanedae) in South America. It has been reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological properties, and is a promising cancer chemopreventive agent. In this study, the effects of beta-lapachone on the growth of the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 were investigated. The results showed that beta-lapachone inhibits the viability of HepG2 by inducing apoptosis, as evidenced by the formation of apoptotic bodies and DNA fragmentation. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting results indicated that treatments of cells with beta-lapachone resulted in down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) and up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax expression. beta-Lapachone-induced apoptosis was associated with a proteolytic activation of caspase-3 and -9 and degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase protein. However, beta-lapachone treatment did not affect the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins family and the Fas/FasL system. Taken together, our study indicated that beta-lapachone may have potential as a chemopreventive agent for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Joo Woo
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Park C, Kim GY, Kim GD, Lee WH, Cheong JH, Kim ND, Bae SJ, Jung JH, Choi YH. Suppression of U937 human monocytic leukemia cell growth by dideoxypetrosynol A, a polyacetylene from the sponge Petrosia sp., via induction of Cdk inhibitor p16 and down-regulation of pRB phosphorylation. Oncol Rep 2006; 16:171-6. [PMID: 16786142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dideoxypetrosynol A, a polyacetylene from the marine sponge Petrosia sp., is known to exhibit significant selective cytotoxic activity against a small panel of human tumor cell lines, the mechanisms of which however, are poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to further elucidate the possible mechanisms by which dideoxypetrosynol A exerts its anti-proliferative action in cultured human monocytic leukemia U937 cells. We observed that the proliferation-inhibitory effect of dideoxypetrosynol A was due to the induction of G1 arrest in the cell cycle, the effects of which were associated with up-regulation of cyclin D1 and down-regulation of cyclin E, in a concentration-dependent manner without any change in cyclin-dependent-kinases (Cdks) expression. Dideoxypetrosynol A markedly induced the levels of Cdk inhibitor p16/INK4a expression. Furthermore, down-regulation of phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (pRB) by this compound was associated with enhanced binding of pRB and transcription factor E2F-1. Overall, our results demonstrate a combined mechanism involving the inhibition of pRB phosphorylation and induction of p16 as targets for dideoxypetrosynol A, may explain some of its anti-cancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614-052, Korea
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Park C, Kim GY, Kim GD, Choi BT, Park YM, Choi YH. Induction of G2/M arrest and inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 activity by curcumin in human bladder cancer T24 cells. Oncol Rep 2006; 15:1225-31. [PMID: 16596191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenol compound derived from Curcuma longa Linn, has been recognized as a promising anti-cancer drug due to its multiple properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-carcinogenic activities. To elucidate the mechanisms by which curcumin inhibits human bladder carcinoma T24 cell proliferation, we tested the effects of curcumin on specific cell cycle pathways and on the expression of cyclooxygenases (COXs). Curcumin inhibited the growth of T24 cells and induced G2/M arrest in a concentration-dependent manner, effects associated with the down-regulation of cyclin A and up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21 (WAF1/CIP1). However, other G2/M regulatory molecules, such as cyclin A, Cdc2, Cdk2, Wee1 and Cdc25C, were not modulated by curcumin treatment. Furthermore, curcumin decreased the levels of COX-2 mRNA and protein expression without significant changes in the levels of COX-1, which correlated with a decrease in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis. These observations suggest that curcumin may have therapeutic potential for bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614-052, Korea.
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Kim GY, Lee SW, Moon HS, Park HY, Choi HY. The Efficacy of Imaging Studies after a First Febrile Urinary Tract Infection in Young Children with Normal Prenatal Ultrasonographic Findings. Korean J Urol 2006. [DOI: 10.4111/kju.2006.47.3.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gi Young Kim
- Department of Urology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Department of Urology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Sang Moon
- Department of Urology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Young Park
- Department of Urology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Yong Choi
- Department of Urology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Moon HS, Jang KS, Paik SS, Lee HN, Park SY, Kim GY, Kim SI, Choi HY, Park HY, Lee TY, Woo YN. Prognostic Significance of E2F3 Expression in Bladder Cancer. Korean J Urol 2006. [DOI: 10.4111/kju.2006.47.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sang Moon
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Jang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Sam Paik
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haeng Nam Lee
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Yul Park
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Young Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sul Il Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Yong Choi
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Young Park
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tchun Yong Lee
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Nam Woo
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Moon HS, Lee HN, Kim GY, Oh YH, Kim SI, Choi HY, Park HY, Lee TY. Calcifying Fibrous Pseudotumor of the Spermatic Cord. Korean J Urol 2006. [DOI: 10.4111/kju.2006.47.3.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sang Moon
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haeng Nam Lee
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Young Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ha Oh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Il Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Yong Choi
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Young Park
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tchun Yong Lee
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
The current use of humanized monoclonal antibody trastuzumab for the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer has made evaluation of HER-2/neu status an important clinical issue. Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), in which the DNA probe is detected with an immunohistochemistry (IHC)-like peroxidase reaction, has been recently developed for the assessment of HER-2/neu status in formalin-fixed breast cancer specimens. We have applied the technique of dual-colour CISH using HER-2/neu and chromosome 17 centromere probes in 27 cytological smears, and these cytological samples were obtained from scrapings of fresh breast tumours. We also investigated HER-2/neu amplification and protein overexpression in the corresponding surgical tissues by CISH and IHC using the monoclonal antibody CB11. Of the 27 cytological cases, HER-2/neu gene amplification was observed in nine cases that were positive cases (2+ and 3+) for IHC. Among the 13 IHC positive cases (2+ and 3+), four of them showed no gene amplification. Identical results for the CISH technique were obtained in the matched surgical samples. The scrape samples from fresh breast tumour offer a monolayer cell population that is especially suitable for CISH. This study has shown that the cytological smear might be a good alternative for the CISH test.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y Kim
- Department of Pathology, Gachon Medical School Gill Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
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Abstract
Nail toxicity following systemic chemotherapy is common. Onychopathy during the period of neutropenia following chemotherapy may cause subungual abscesses and serious infection. Despite taxoid-related toxicity being increasingly reported since 2000, there are still phase II systemic chemotherapy studies using taxoid that have never mentioned nail changes. Recently, new criteria for the evaluation of nail toxicity have been suggested. The present report is the first of its kind, in Korea, to describe a case of docetaxel-associated onychopathy, which improved following a reduction in the docetaxel dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Sook Woo
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Carr KD, Kim GY, Cabeza de Vaca S. Rewarding and locomotor-activating effects of direct dopamine receptor agonists are augmented by chronic food restriction in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2001; 154:420-8. [PMID: 11349397 DOI: 10.1007/s002130000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Previous studies indicate that chronic food restriction augments the rewarding and motor-activating effects of diverse drugs of abuse. The drugs that have so far proved susceptible to the augmenting effect of food restriction all increase synaptic concentrations of dopamine (DA). It is not known whether behavioral effects of selective, direct DA receptor agonists are also subject to the augmenting effect of food restriction. OBJECTIVES The first objective of this study was to investigate whether the rewarding and locomotor-activating effects of the D1 agonist, A77636, and the D2 agonist, quinpirole are augmented by chronic food restriction. The second purpose was to investigate whether the augmented rewarding and locomotor-activating effects of d-amphetamine in food-restricted rats are reversed by the D1 antagonist, SCH23390. METHODS Rewarding effects of drugs were measured in terms of their ability to lower the threshold for lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation (LHSS) using a rate-frequency method. Locomotor-activating effects were measured in terms of the number of midline crossings exhibited by rats in a shuttle apparatus. RESULTS A77636 (1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a greater threshold-lowering effect in food-restricted than ad libitum fed rats but produced variable effects on locomotor activity with no difference between groups. Quinpirole (0.2 and 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a marginally greater threshold-lowering effect in food-restricted rats and a dramatic locomotor response that was exclusive to food-restricted rats. The D1 antagonist, SCH23390, at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg (i.p.), had no effect on the lowering of LHSS threshold by amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) in ad libitum fed rats but blocked the augmentation otherwise observed in food-restricted rats. SCH23390, at a dose of 0.025 mg/kg, had no effect on locomotor activity induced by amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) in ad libitum fed rats but blocked the augmentation otherwise observed in food-restricted rats. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the augmentation of reward by food restriction extends to drugs that bypass the DA terminal and act postsynaptically. When taken together with prior immunohistochemical and behavioral findings, these results suggest that food restriction may increase the "enabling" effect of the D1 receptor on DA-mediated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Carr
- Millhauser Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Carr KD, Kim GY, Cabeza de Vaca S. Chronic food restriction in rats augments the central rewarding effect of cocaine and the delta1 opioid agonist, DPDPE, but not the delta2 agonist, deltorphin-II. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2000; 152:200-7. [PMID: 11057524 DOI: 10.1007/s002130000523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic food restriction augments the self-administration and locomotor stimulating effects of opiates, psychostimulants and NMDA antagonists. The extent to which these effects can be attributed to changes in drug pharmacokinetics and bioavailability versus sensitivity of the neuronal circuits that mediate the affected behavioral functions, has not been established. Recent studies point to central adaptive changes insofar as rewarding, locomotor and c-fos-inducing effects of amphetamine and MK-801, injected directly into the lateral ventricle, are greater in food-restricted than ad libitum fed rats. The increased expression of c-fos in nucleus accumbens (NAC) shell, in particular, suggests that food restriction may augment drug reward by modulating dopamine (DA) synaptic function in this area. OBJECTIVES The first purpose of this study was to investigate whether the rewarding effects of cocaine and the delta1 opioid agonist DPDPE, both of which increase DA synaptic transmission, are augmented by food restriction. The second purpose was to determine whether the delta2 opioid agonist, deltorphin-II, which has been reported to exert DA-independent rewarding effects, is subject to the potentiating effect of food restriction. METHODS Rewarding effects of drugs were measured in terms of their ability to lower the threshold for lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation (LHSS) using a rate-frequency method. RESULTS In separate experiments, cocaine (50, 100 and 150 microg, ICV) and DPDPE (10 and 25 microg, ICV) produced greater threshold-lowering effects in food-restricted than ad libitum fed rats. Deltorphin-II (5.0, 10 and 25 microg, ICV) had no effect on reward thresholds, regardless of feeding regimen. CONCLUSIONS While the reported DA-independence of deltorphin-II rewarding effects seemed to offer a means of testing the hypothesis that DA transmission is the critical modulated variable in food-restricted subjects, rewarding effects of this compound could not be demonstrated in the LHSS paradigm. The present results do, however, confirm and extend prior findings indicating that the enhanced self-administration of abused drugs by food-restricted subjects is due to enhanced sensitivity of a final common pathway for drug reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Carr
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA.
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47
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Abstract
Annexin I (also called lipocortin 1) is a 37-kDa member of the annexin family of proteins. It has been proposed to be involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Previously, we have reported that annexin I displays a chaperone-like function (Kim, G.Y., Lee, H.B., Lee, S.O., Rhee, H.J. & Na, D.S. (1997) Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 43, 521-528). To determine the possibility that annexin I is a stress protein, we examined whether expression of annexin I and annexin I mRNA increases in response to stresses in A549 and HeLa cells. Treatments of cells with heat, hydrogen peroxide or sodium arsenite resulted in (a) an increase in annexin I and annexin I mRNA and (b) translocation of annexin I from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and perinuclear region. The annexin I gene promoter region, cloned upstream of a reporter gene, was inducible in response to heat, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium arsenite. These results indicate that annexin I serves as a stress protein and annexins may constitute a new class of stress proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Rhee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Songpa-ku, Seoul, Korea
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Elizondo G, Fernandez-Salguero P, Sheikh MS, Kim GY, Fornace AJ, Lee KS, Gonzalez FJ. Altered cell cycle control at the G(2)/M phases in aryl hydrocarbon receptor-null embryo fibroblast. Mol Pharmacol 2000; 57:1056-63. [PMID: 10779392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is known to mediate the toxic and carcinogenic effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dioxins. High-affinity AHR ligands, such as 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzeno-p-dioxin, have been shown to modify cell proliferation and differentiation. However, the mechanisms by which AHR affects cell proliferation and differentiation are not fully understood. To investigate the role of AHR in cell proliferation, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from AHR-null mice were obtained and characterized. Compared with wild-type MEFs, AHR-null cells exhibited a lower proliferation rate with an accumulation of 4N DNA content and increased apoptosis. The expression levels of Cdc2 and Plk, two kinases important for G(2)/M phase of cell cycle, were down-regulated in AHR-null MEFs. In contrast, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), a proliferation inhibitor in several cell lines, was present at high levels in conditioned medium from AHR-null MEFs. Concomitant with G(2)/M cell accumulation, treatment of wild-type MEFs with TGF-beta3 also resulted in down-regulation of both Cdc2 and Plk. Thus, overproduction of TGF-beta in AHR-deficient cells appears to be the primary factor that causes low proliferation rates and increased apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that AHR influences TGF-beta production, leading to an alteration in cell cycle control.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Elizondo
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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49
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Abstract
Biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (BDD) is a synthetic analogue of schizandrin C, one of the components isolated from Fructus schizandrae, and has been widely prescribed for improvement of liver functions and symptoms of patients with liver disease. However, its oral preparations have been known to have limited bioavailability due to its extremely low solubility in water, and its solubility problem also limits preparation of its parenteral dosage forms. In this research, we searched for solvent systems to solubilize BDD to overcome these problems. The ternary solvent systems of N,N'-dimethylacetamide (DMA)/alcohol/water and Cremophor EL/DMA/alcohol were studied intensively for this purpose. BDD was solubilized effectively in these cosolvents, and the results showed that the cosolvent systems were effective for solubilizing BDD up to the concentration that might be employed for preparation of parenteral dosage forms. Formulation of a BDD concentrate for intravenous infusion was proposed employing the cosolvent system of Cremophor EL/DMA/alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Han
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Changjeon-Dong, Kumjung-Gu, Korea
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50
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Jung DW, Tak GH, Lim JW, Bae CJ, Kim GY, Yoo GS, Choi JK. Detection of proteins in polyacrylamide gels using eriochrome black T and rhodamine B. Anal Biochem 1998; 263:118-20. [PMID: 9750154 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1998.2813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D W Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, 500-757, Korea
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