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Uaciquete D, Sawada A, Chiba T, Pythias EM, Iguchi T, Horie Y. Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of 16 plasticizers in the rivers and estuaries in Japan. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142605. [PMID: 38876327 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Owing to growing concerns about the adverse effects of phthalate plasticizers, non-phthalate plasticizers are being increasingly used as their replacement. However, information on the residual environmental concentrations and ecological risks posed by these plasticizers is limited. In this study, we analyzed the environmental contamination of 11 phthalates and 5 non-phthalate plasticizers in Class A and B rivers in Japan. In the considered river water samples, phthalates and non-phthalates were detected in the following order of detection frequency: phthalates (DEHP > DMP > DMEP > BBP > DNPP > DNP > DEEP > DBEP = DNOP) and non-phthalates (ATBC > DEHS > DEHA > TOTM = DIBA). Phthalate plasticizers were the most abundant and included DEHP (157-859 ng/L), DMP (
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorcas Uaciquete
- Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Sawada
- Faculty of Maritime Science, Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan
| | - Takashi Chiba
- College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, Department of Environmental and Symbiotic Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Japan
| | - Espino Maria Pythias
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Horie
- Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan
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2
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Xu Y, Sun Y, Lei M, Hou J. Phthalates contamination in sediments: A review of sources, influencing factors, benthic toxicity, and removal strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123389. [PMID: 38246215 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Sediments provide habitat and food for benthos, and phthalates (PAEs) have been detected in numerous river and marine sediments as a widely used plastic additive. PAEs in sediments is not only toxic to benthos, but also poses a threat to pelagic fish and human health through the food chain, so it is essential to comprehensively assess the contamination of sediments with PAEs. This paper presents a critical evaluation of PAEs in sediments, which is embodied in the analysis of the sources of PAEs in sediments from multiple perspectives. Biological production is indispensable, while artificial synthesis is the most dominant, thus the focus was on analyzing the industrial and commercial sources of synthetic PAEs. In addition, since the content of PAEs in sediments varies, some factors affecting the content of PAEs in sediments are summarized, such as the properties of PAEs, the properties of plastics, and environmental factors (sediments properties and hydrodynamic conditions). As endocrine disruptors, PAEs can produce toxicity to its direct contacts. Therefore, the effects of PAEs on benthos immunity, endocrinology, reproduction, development, and metabolism were comprehensively analyzed. In addition, we found that reciprocal inhibition and activation of the systems lead to genotoxicity and apoptosis. Finally, the paper discusses the feasible measures to control PAEs in wastewater and leachate from the perspective of source control, and summarizes the in-situ treatment measures for PAEs contamination in sediments. This paper provides a comprehensive review of PAEs contamination in sediments, toxic effects and removal strategies, and provides an important reference for reducing the contamination and toxicity of PAEs to benthos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yuqiong Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Ming Lei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Jing Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
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3
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Zhang W, Zheng N, Wang S, Sun S, An Q, Li X, Li Z, Ji Y, Li Y, Pan J. Characteristics and health risks of population exposure to phthalates via the use of face towels. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 130:1-13. [PMID: 37032026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The production of face towels is growing at an annual rate of about 4% in China, reaching 1.13 million tons by 2021. Phthalates (PAEs) are widely used in textiles, and face towels, as an important household textile, may expose people to PAEs via the skin, further leading to health risks. We collected new face towels and analyzed the distribution characterization of PAEs in them. The changes of PAEs were explored in a face towel use experiment and a simulated laundry experiment. Based on the use of face towels by 24 volunteers, we calculated the estimated daily intake (EDI) and comprehensively assessed the hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and dermal cancer risk (DCR) of PAEs exposure in the population. PAEs were present in new face towels at total concentrations of <MDL-2388 ng/g, with a median of 173.2 ng/g, which was a lower contamination level compared with other textiles. PAE contents in used face towels were significantly higher than in new face towels. The concentrations of PAEs in coral velvet were significantly higher than those in cotton. Water washing removed some PAEs, while detergent washing increased the PAE content on face towels. Gender, weight, use time, and material were the main factors affecting EDI. The HQ and HI were less than 1, which proved PAEs had no significant non-carcinogenic health risks. Among the five target PAEs studied, DEHP was the only carcinogenic PAE and may cause potential health risks after long-term exposure. Therefore, we should pay more attention to DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Na Zheng
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
| | - Sujing Wang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Siyu Sun
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qirui An
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zimeng Li
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yining Ji
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yunyang Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Jiamin Pan
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
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4
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Sahoo TP, Kumar MA. Remediation of phthalate acid esters from contaminated environment—Insights on the bioremedial approaches and future perspectives. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14945. [PMID: 37025882 PMCID: PMC10070671 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are well-known emerging pollutants that are toxic to the environment and human health. Phthalates are lipophilic chemicals used as plasticizers in many of the items for improving their material properties. These compounds are not chemically bound and are released to the surroundings directly. Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are endocrine disruptors and can interfere with hormones, which can cause issues with development and reproduction, thus there is a huge concern over their existence in various ecological surroundings. The purpose of this review is to explore the occurrence, fate, and concentration of phthalates in various environmental matrices. This article also covers the phthalate degradation process, mechanism, and outcomes. Besides the conventional treatment technology, the paper also aims at the recent advancements in various physical, chemical, and biological approaches developed for phthalate degradation. In this paper, a special focus has been given on the diverse microbial entities and their bioremedial mechanisms executes the PAEs removal. Critically, the analyses method for determining intermediate products generated during phthalate biotransformation have been discussed. Concluisvely, the challenges, limitations, knowledge gaps and future opportunities of bioremediation and their significant role in ecology have also been highlighted.
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Tran HT, Nguyen MK, Hoang HG, Hutchison JM, Vu CT. Composting and green technologies for remediation of phthalate (PAE)-contaminated soil: Current status and future perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135989. [PMID: 35988768 PMCID: PMC10052775 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are hazardous organic compounds that are widely added to plastics to enhance their flexibility, temperature, and acidic tolerance. The increase in global consumption and the corresponding environmental pollution of PAEs has caused broad public concerns. As most PAEs accumulate in soil due to their high hydrophobicity, composting is a robust remediation technology for PAE-contaminated soil (efficiency 25%-100%), where microbial activity plays an important role. This review summarized the roles of the microbial community, biodegradation pathways, and specific enzymes involved in the PAE degradation. Also, other green technologies, including biochar adsorption, bioaugmentation, and phytoremediation, for PAE degradation were also presented, compared, and discussed. Composting combined with these technologies significantly enhanced removal efficiency; yet, the properties and roles of each bacterial strain in the degradation, upscaling, and economic feasibility should be clarified in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu-Tuan Tran
- Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering Department, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
| | - Minh-Ky Nguyen
- Program in Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University of Ho Chi Minh City, Hamlet 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc Dist., Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Hong-Giang Hoang
- Faculty of Medicine, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa, Dong Nai 76100, Viet Nam
| | - Justin M Hutchison
- Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering Department, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Chi Thanh Vu
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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Molecularly Imprinting Microfiltration Membranes Able to Absorb Diethyl Phthalate from Water. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050503. [PMID: 35629829 PMCID: PMC9144673 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In this study, polypropylene porous membranes with an average pore size of 1.25 µm were modified by barrier discharge plasma. Next, molecularly imprinted layers with an imprint of diethyl phthalate (DEP) ware grafted of their surface. In order to optimize the composition of the modifying mixture various solvents, the ratios of functional monomers and the cross-linking monomer as well as various amounts of phthalate were verified. It was shown that the most effective membranes were obtained during polymerization in n-octane with the participation of functional monomers in the ratio 3:7 and the amount of phthalate 7 wt.%. The membranes were tested in the filtration process as well as static and dynamic sorption. In all of these processes, the imprinted membranes showed better properties than those without the imprint. The diethyl phthalate retention coefficient was 36.12% for membranes with a grafting yield of 1.916 mg/cm2. On the other hand, DEP static sorption for the imprinted membranes was 3.87 µmol/g higher than for non-imprinted membranes. Also, in the process of dynamic sorption higher values were observed for membranes with the imprint (DSMIM, 4.12 µmol/g; DSNIM, 1.18 µmol/g). The membranes were also tested under real conditions. In the process of filtration of tap water contaminated with phthalate, the presence of imprints in the membrane structure resulted in more than three times higher sorption values (3.09 µmol/g) than in the case of non-imprinted membranes (1.12 µmol/g).
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Zhang L, Li H, Wang Y, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Liu F, Tong L, Wang Y, Gong Y, Yang H. Characterizing the Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds in Runoff from Roads and Other Impervious Surfaces in a Suburban Area of Beijing. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 82:227-238. [PMID: 34490489 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater runoff samples were collected from five different land use sites (gas station, city road, campus, park, and residential) in a precipitation event on May 22nd, 2017, from a small suburban area (5 km × 2 km) of the city of Beijing, China. There were 72 types of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) found in these runoff samples, including 33 types of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs), 22 types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 6 types of phthalate esters (PAEs), 9 types of pesticides and 2 types of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Especially, 26 types of SVOCs (7 MAHs, 9 PAHs, 5 PAEs, and 5 pesticides) were detected in all water samples. SVOCs concentrations were higher in the samples from gas station and city road, and lower in runoff from campus, park and residential sites. The change in the ratio of anthracene to anthracene plus phenanthrene (ANT/(ANT + PHE)) in this study, reflected the importance of PAH source and land use. Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate, are two of the phthalate esters 100% detected in the runoff samples. The city road runoff DEHP concentrations recorded the highest values (> 6000 ng/L), however, were still less than those wastewater DEHP pollutants measured in developed countries (e.g. UK, Canada, Finland, etc.). One-way ANOVA analysis in this study, showed that land use could significantly influence 23 SVOCs in the runoff samples, whereas the runoff SVOCs in different precipitation period showed no statistical changes in the five sites, and presented a general temporal trends "high (beginning)-low (middle period)-little raising (ending)". The findings in this study could be used in municipal management of wastewater collection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Youshu Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Zhichao Yang
- Beijing Center for Physical & Chemical Analysis (BCPCA), Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Linlin Tong
- School of Water Resources and Environment, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yongwei Gong
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Li YL, Lv J, Du ZP, Feng S, Sheng J, Jin ZX, Liu KY, Gao H, Li XD, Cao HJ, Yang LS, Xu DX, Tao FB, Wang QN. The levels of phthalate exposure and associations with obesity in an elderly population in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110749. [PMID: 32505048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few epidemiological studies on the correlation between phthalate exposure and elderly obesity in China are available. The purpose of the present study is to assess phthalate exposure levels and explore the connections between exposure to phthalates and obesity using a sample of Chinese community-dwelling elderly individuals. METHODS Data were acquired from the baseline survey of the Cohort of Health of Elderly and Controllable Factors of Environment, which was established in Lu'an, Anhui province, China, from June to September in 2016. Urine samples were obtained to analyze the concentrations of seven phthalate metabolites, utilizing a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. General obesity was determined based on body mass index, and abdominal obesity based on waist circumference. Binary logistic regression models were utilized to analyze the associations of creatinine-corrected phthalate metabolite concentrations (categorized into quartiles) with general and abdominal obesity in elderly people. Moreover, a stratified analysis was performed to explore the difference between genders. RESULTS Of 942 elderly individuals, 52.9% were defined as generally obese and 75.5% as abdominally obese. The detection rates of seven phthalate metabolites ranged from 90.07% to 99.80%. The highest median concentration was 44.08 μg/l (for MBP), and the lowest was 0.55 μg/l (for MEHP). The level of exposure to LMW(low-molecular-weight) PAEs is higher than that to HMW(high-molecular-weight) PAEs. After adjustment for confounding variables, we found a significant association between urinary MEOHP (mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate), MEHP (mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate), MBP (mono-n-butyl phthalate), MEP (mono-ethyl phthalate), and MMP (mono-methyl phthalate) levels and general obesity. MBP levels were also correlated with abdominal obesity. When stratified by gender, higher urinary levels of MEOHP, MBP, MEP, and MMP were associated with general obesity in males, whereas MBP and MMP levels were eminently correlated with general obesity in females. Higher urinary MBP levels were associated with increased abdominal obesity rates in males, but not in females. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, higher phthalate metabolite concentrations were correlated with obesity in the elderly. Moreover, a gender difference was observed in these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Li
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Jia Lv
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Du
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Shun Feng
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Zhong-Xiu Jin
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Kai-Yong Liu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xiu-de Li
- Lu'an Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, 237008, China
| | - Hong-Juan Cao
- Lu'an Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, 237008, China
| | - Lin-Sheng Yang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Care, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qu-Nan Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, 230022, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Care, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Liu T, Li J, Qiu L, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Zhong W. Combined genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the dibutyl phthalate metabolic pathway in
Arthrobacter
sp. ZJUTW. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3712-3726. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Lequan Qiu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York
| | - Weihong Zhong
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
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Zhang H, Zhao C, Na H. Enhanced Biodegradation of Phthalic Acid Esters' Derivatives by Plasticizer-Degrading Bacteria ( Burkholderia cepacia, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) Using a Correction 3D-QSAR Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155299. [PMID: 32717867 PMCID: PMC7432126 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A phthalic acid ester’s (PAEs) comprehensive biodegradability three-dimensional structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model was established, to design environmentally friendly PAE derivatives, which could be simultaneously degraded by plasticizer-degrading bacteria, such as Burkholderia cepacia, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Only three derivatives of diethyl phthalate (DEP (DEP-27, DEP-28 and DEP-29)) were suited for their functionality and environmental friendliness, which had an improved stability in the environment and improved the characteristics (bio-toxicity, bioaccumulation, persistence, and long-range migration) of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The simulation inference of the microbial degradation path before and after DEP modification and the calculation of the reaction energy barrier exhibited the energy barrier for degradation being reduced after DEP modification and was consistent with the increased ratio of comprehensive biodegradability. This confirmed the effectiveness of the comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA) model of the PAE’s comprehensive biodegradability. In addition, a molecular dynamics simulation revealed that the binding of the DEP-29 derivative with the three plasticizer-degradation enzymes increased significantly. DEP-29 could be used as a methyl phthalate derivative that synergistically degrades with microplastics, providing directional selection and theoretical designing for plasticizer replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigang Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0431-85168870; Fax: +86-0431-85168870
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11
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Weizhen Z, Xiaowei Z, Peng G, Ning W, Zini L, Jian H, Zheng Z. Distribution and risk assessment of phthalates in water and sediment of the Pearl River Delta. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:12550-12565. [PMID: 32002834 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06819-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are widely used industrial raw materials that are well known for their environmental contamination and toxicological effects as "endocrine disruptors." In this study, environmental levels of PAEs and eco-toxicological risk assessments were determined in the eight estuaries of the Pearl River (Estuaries), main upstream tributary (Xijiang River), urban river network (River network), and nature reserve reservoir (Reservoirs). Water and sediment samples from the above water systems were collected during the low-water period (May) and the high-water period (August) between 2012 and 2014. Solid phase and ultrasonic methods were used to extract 14 different PAEs that were analyzed by gas chromatography. The analytical average recovery of PAEs in water and sediment was 75.4% ± 4.9% and 121.5% ± 8.9%, respectively. The results showed that PAEs were detected in all of the samples, and the di-n-butyl phtalate (DBP) and benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) monomers had a detection rate of 100% in water. Similarly, in sediment samples, the detection rates of diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), DBP, dimethoxyethyl phthalate (DMEP), BBP, di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), and DNP ranged from 66.7 to 100%. Among these, in sediment samples, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and phthalic acid bis(2-butoxyethyl) ester (DBEP) had detection rates of 95.8% to 100% in the Estuaries, Xijiang River, and River network. The concentrations of Σ14PAEs in water samples and sediments ranged from 12.95 ± 1.97 to 6717.29 ± 112.37 ng/L and 71.99 ± 8.72 to 17,340.04 ± 227.83 ng/g-dw, respectively. During the low-water period, the average concentration of Σ14PAEs in water and sediment was 1159.58 ± 97.22 ng/L and 2842.50 ± 178.21 ng/g-dw, respectively, and during the high-water period, 822.83 ± 53.19 ng/L and 1936.42 ± 111.31 ng/g-dw, respectively. In water, the average concentration of Σ14PAEs in 2013 and 2014 was 963.39 ± 19.55 ng/L and 2815.35 ± 176.32 ng/L, respectively. In sediment, the average concentrations of Σ14PAEs in 2012 to 2014 were 990.10 ± 23.33 ng/g-dw, 1084.20 ± 112.12 ng/g-dw, and 1816.89 ± 79.97 ng/g-dw, respectively, with concentrations showing an increasing trend year after year (2014 > 2013 > 2012). Potential risk assessment of water ecological, the results show that exceeding environmental risk level (ERL) value in higher molecular weight plasticizer (DEHP, DMEP, DNOP, DNP) was mainly distributed in water, the lower molecular weight plasticizer (BMP, DiBP) was mainly distributed in sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Weizhen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, People's Republic of China
- College of Aquatic and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Xiaowei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Gu Peng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Ning
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Lai Zini
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, People's Republic of China.
| | - He Jian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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Ueta I, Sekiguchi N, Suzuki A, Kobayashi Y, Kuwabara T, Saito Y. Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanofiber Sheet as the Novel Extraction Medium for the Determination of Phthalates in Water Samples. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:277-281. [PMID: 31611475 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel extraction medium was developed by packing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanofiber sheet having a diameter of 500 nm into a stainless-steel capillary of 0.8 mm inner diameter. The nanofiber was prepared by a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser supersonic multi-drawing method, which has a significantly higher surface area than the original PET fiber. A nanofiber sheet was prepared by winding the nanofibers. Extraction of phthalates in water samples by a PET nanofiber-packed extraction capillary was investigated using a conventional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Water samples were introduced into the extraction capillary with a low pressure. After extracting the water sample, the extraction capillary was directly connected to a six-port valve of HPLC with a PEEK nut, and the extracted analytes were desorbed, followed by injection to an HPLC system using a small amount of organic solvent. In this manuscript, the fundamental performance of the nanofiber sheet-packed extraction capillary for the extraction of organic compounds in water samples is quantitatively evaluated using a conventional HPLC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Ueta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8511, Japan.
| | - Naho Sekiguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku, Toyohashi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Akihiro Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8511, Japan
| | - Yuta Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kuwabara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku, Toyohashi, 441-8580, Japan
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Malem F, Soonthondecha P, Khawmodjod P, Chunhakorn V, Whitlow HJ, Chienthavorn O. Occurrence of phthalate esters in the eastern coast of Thailand. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:627. [PMID: 31501942 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7785-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated possible contamination of phthalates in seawater and sediment around the eastern coast of Thailand in the area of Chonburi, Rayong, and Chanthaburi. The main focus was on Pradu Bay east of Map Ta Phut, a well-known industrial and economic hub in Thailand. Among six selected phthalates of interest, diethyl phthalate (DEP), and benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) were not found in any sample, while the concentrations of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and dioctyl phthalate (DnOP) were very low or undetectable in most samples. In December 2014, the concentration of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in Pradu Bay were 0.23-0.77 and 0.31-0.91 μg L-1 in seawater, respectively and non-detected (ND)-0.80 and ND-1.65 μg g-1 for 11 out of 20 sediment samples. DBP and DEHP were considered as the predominant congeners. A surface mapping system provided us an overview concentration distribution of DBP and DEHP congeners in seawater and sediment in Pradu Bay, showing a correlation between water and sediment and allowing a prediction of a possible point source. A comparison with the EU standard concentration limit in surface water confirmed that the phthalate concentration in this area was acceptable. However, continuous monitoring of phthalate congeners in the matrices should be done to detect a possible increase in their concentrations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to determine concentrations of phthalates in seawater and sediment along the east coast of Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fairda Malem
- Environmental Research and Training Center, Department of Environmental Quality Promotion, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Technopolis, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Peerapong Soonthondecha
- Environmental Research and Training Center, Department of Environmental Quality Promotion, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Technopolis, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Patchara Khawmodjod
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Visakha Chunhakorn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkokthonburi University, Thawi Watthana, Bangkok, 10170, Thailand
| | - Harry J Whitlow
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Louisiana Accelerator Center and Department of Physics, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Orapin Chienthavorn
- Department of Chemistry and the Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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Urban Watercourses in Peril: Implications of Phthalic Acid Esters on Aquatic Ecosystems Caused by Urban Sprawl. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11030519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Urban sprawl worldwide warrants the use of large quantities of industrial and household products containing phthalic acid esters (PAEs) resulting in adverse impacts on the quality of aquatic life in urban watercourses. The presence of six PAEs (dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and di(n-octyl) phthalate (DnOP)) in 22 shallow urban watercourses in Colombo and suburbs of Sri Lanka was investigated. The average concentrations of DEP, DBP, BBP, and DEHP in all watercourses varied between 2.5–265.0, 1.0–32.0, 61–108, and 12–165 µg/L, respectively. DMP and DnOP were below the limits of quantification (DMP-0.5 µg/L, DnOP-1.0 µg/L) for all watercourses. DEHP was the most abundant PAE in many watercourses. The significant factors affecting the ubiquitous presence of PAEs in watercourses are the inherent properties of each PAE, presence of industrial and household products with great potential for the migration of PAEs in the sub-catchments, and quality of the receiving water. The contamination levels of PAEs in most of the watercourses are alarmingly high, as evidenced by higher concentrations of DEHP and DBP than those of Canadian permissible levels for the protection of aquatic life (16 and 19 µg/L). This study was the first effort in Sri Lanka to investigate the presence of PAEs in urban watercourses.
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Torres NI, Yu X, Padilla IY, Macchiavelli RE, Ghasemizadeh R, Kaeli D, Cordero JF, Meeker JD, Alshawabkeh AN. The influence of hydrogeological and anthropogenic variables on phthalate contamination in eogenetic karst groundwater systems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:298-307. [PMID: 29494923 PMCID: PMC5915304 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the occurrence of six phthalates and distribution of the three most-detected phthalates in the karst region of northern Puerto Rico (KRNPR) using data from historical records and current field measurements. Statistical data analyses, including ANOVA, Chi-Square, and logistic regression models are used to examine the major factors affecting the presence and concentrations of phthalates in the KRNPR. The most detected phthalates include DEHP, DBP, and DEP. At least one phthalate specie is detected above DL in 7% of the samples and 24% of the sampling sites. Concentrations of total phthalates average 5.08 ± 1.37 μg L-1, and range from 0.093 to 58.4 μg L-1. The analysis shows extensive spatial and temporal presence of phthalates resulting from dispersed phthalate sources throughout the karst aquifers. Hydrogeological factors are significantly more important in predicting the presence and concentrations of phthalates in eogenetic karst aquifers than anthropogenic factors. Among the hydrogeological factors, time of detection and hydraulic conductivities larger than 300 m d-1 are the most influential factors. Persistent presence through time reflects continuous sources of phthalates entering the aquifers and a high capacity of the karst aquifers to store and slowly release contaminants for long periods of time. The influence of hydraulic conductivity reveals the importance of contaminant fate and transport mechanisms from contamination sources. This study improves the understanding of factors affecting the spatial variability and fate of phthalates in karst aquifers, and allows us to better predict their occurrence based on these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma I Torres
- Department of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA
| | - Xue Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ingrid Y Padilla
- Department of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA.
| | - Raul E Macchiavelli
- Department of Agroenvironmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA
| | - Reza Ghasemizadeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Kaeli
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jose F Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Akram N Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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16
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Wen Z, Huang X, Gao D, Liu G, Fang C, Shang Y, Du J, Zhao Y, Lv L, Song K. Phthalate esters in surface water of Songhua River watershed associated with land use types, Northeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:7688-7698. [PMID: 29285703 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous presence of phthalate esters (PAEs) in the environment and their potential role as endocrine disruptors of marine organisms has attracted much attention. The presence of PAEs in different water sources collected from the Songhua River mainstream and its tributaries has been determined in this study. The total concentration of the seven PAEs (∑PAEs) detected was found to range from 1.153 to 7.867 μg L-1, with di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) present as the predominate PAE congener. Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and DEHP were present in all of the water samples analyzed. The concentration of ∑PAEs in the Songhua River mainstream was shown to decrease initially, with a subsequent increase being detected due to inflow from branch tributaries contaminated with higher concentrations of PAEs. Analysis of land type usage, in this agriculture-dominated river watershed, also revealed an increase in ∑PAE concentration in waters flowing through forested area. The concentration of ∑PAEs in river waters also had a significant positive correlation with both agricultural and urban areas (p < 0.05); however, anthropogenic activities were not the only determining factor determining the ∑PAE concentration in this river watershed. Ecological risk assessment revealed that the levels of DMP and DEP in all waters were generally low, representing a relatively low ecological risk to marine organisms; however, DBP was present at medium or high risk levels, whilst DEHP also displayed high risk levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, China
| | - Dawen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Ge Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Chong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingxin Shang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jia Du
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lili Lv
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Kaishan Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
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Gani KM, Tyagi VK, Kazmi AA. Occurrence of phthalates in aquatic environment and their removal during wastewater treatment processes: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:17267-17284. [PMID: 28567676 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are plasticizers and are concerned environmental endocrine-disrupting compounds. Due to their extensive usage in plastic manufacturing and personal care products as well as the potential to leach out from these products, phthalates have been detected in various aquatic environments including drinking water, groundwater, surface water, and wastewater. The primary source of their environmental occurrence is the discharge of phthalate-laden wastewater and sludge. This review focuses on recent knowledge on the occurrence of phthalate in different aquatic environments and their fate in conventional and advanced wastewater treatment processes. This review also summarizes recent advances in biological removal and degradation mechanisms of phthalates, identifies knowledge gaps, and suggests future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Muzamil Gani
- Department of Civil Engineering (Environmental Engineering Section), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India.
| | - Vinay Kumar Tyagi
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Absar Ahmad Kazmi
- Department of Civil Engineering (Environmental Engineering Section), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
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Wang Y, Li F, Ruan X, Song J, Lv L, Chai L, Yang Z, Luo L. Biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate by bacterial consortium LV-1 enriched from river sludge. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178213. [PMID: 28542471 PMCID: PMC5444784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A stable bacterial consortium (LV-1) capable of degrading di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) was enriched from river sludge. Community analysis revealed that the main families of LV-1 are Brucellaceae (62.78%) and Sinobacteraceae (14.83%), and the main genera of LV-1 are Brucella spp. (62.78%) and Sinobacter spp. (14.83%). The optimal pH and temperature for LV-1 to degrade DBP were pH 6.0 and 30°C, respectively. Inoculum size influenced the degradation ratio when the incubation time was < 24 h. The initial concentration of DBP also influenced the degradation rates of DBP by LV-1, and the degradation rates ranged from 69.0–775.0 mg/l/d in the first 24 h. Degradation of DBP was best fitted by first-order kinetics when the initial concentration was < 300 mg/l. In addition, Cd2+, Cr6+, and Zn2+ inhibited DBP degradation by LV-1 at all considered concentrations, but low concentrations of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Mn2+ enhanced DBP degradation. The main intermediates (mono-ethyl phthalate [MEP], mono-butyl phthalate [MBP], and phthalic acid [PA]) were identified in the DBP degradation process, thus a new biochemical pathway of DBP degradation is proposed. Furthermore, LV-1 also degraded other phthalates with shorter ester chains (DMP, DEP, and PA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Institute of Natural Resources and Environment, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Institute of Natural Resources and Environment, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xinling Ruan
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Institute of Natural Resources and Environment, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jian Song
- Institute of Natural Resources and Environment, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lv Lv
- Institute of Natural Resources and Environment, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- School of Metallurgical & Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- School of Metallurgical & Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Luo
- School of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail:
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Kumar V, Sharma N, Maitra SS. Comparative study on the degradation of dibutyl phthalate by two newly isolated Pseudomonas sp. V21b and Comamonas sp. 51F. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 15:1-10. [PMID: 28580302 PMCID: PMC5447571 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Comparative degradation of DBP by Pseudomonas sp. V21b and Comamonas sp. 51F. Degradation in MSM and contaminated samples. Kinetics of DBP degradation. Stoichiometry of DBP degradation and biomass formation. Phthalate esters genes identification.
Dibutyl phthalate is (DBP) the top priority toxicant responsible for carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and endocrine disruption. This study demonstrates the DBP degradation capability of the two newly isolated bacteria from municipal solid waste leachate samples. The isolated bacteria were designated as Pseudomonas sp. V21b and Comamonas sp. 51F after scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Gram-staining, antibiotic sensitivity tests, biochemical characterization, 16S-rRNA gene identification and phylogenetic studies. They were able to grow on DBP, benzyl butyl phthalate, monobutyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, and protocatechuate. It was observed that Pseudomonas sp. V21b was more efficient in DBP degradation when compared with Comamonas sp. 51F. It degraded 57% and 76% of the initial DBP in minimal salt medium and in DBP contaminated samples respectively. Kinetics for the effects of DBP concentration on Pseudomonas sp. V21b and Comamonas sp. 51F growth was also evaluated. Stoichiometry for DBP degradation and biomass formation were compared for both the isolates. Two major metabolites diethyl phthalate and monobutyl phthalates were identified using GC–MS in the extracts. Key genes were amplified from the genomes of Pseudomonas sp. V21b and Comamonas sp. 51F. DBP degradation pathway was also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Lab no. 117, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Arbro Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd., New Delhi, 110015, India
| | - S S Maitra
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Lab no. 117, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Increased Urinary Phthalate Levels in Women with Uterine Leiomyoma: A Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13121247. [PMID: 27983712 PMCID: PMC5201388 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13121247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the urinary concentration of 16 phthalate metabolites in 57 women with and without uterine leiomyoma (n = 30 and 27; respectively) to determine the association between phthalate exposure and uterine leiomyoma. To evaluate exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP); we calculated the molar sum of DEHP metabolites; ∑3-DEHP (combining mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP); mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP); and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate); ∑4-DEHP (∑3-DEHP plus mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate); and ∑5-DEHP (∑4-DEHP plus mono (2-(carboxylmethyl)hexyl) phthalate (2cx-MMHP)). The log transformed urinary levels of MEHP; MEHHP; 2cx-MMHP; ∑3-DEHP; ∑4-DEHP; and ∑5-DEHP in the leiomyoma group were significantly higher than those of controls. When we adjusted for age; waist circumference; and parity using multiple logistic regression analyses; we found log ∑3-DEHP (OR = 10.82; 95% CI = 1.25; 93.46) and ∑4-DEHP (OR = 8.78; 95% CI = 1.03; 75.29) were significantly associated with uterine leiomyoma. Our findings suggest an association between phthalate exposure and uterine leiomyoma. However; larger studies are needed to investigate potential interactions between phthalate exposure and uterine leiomyoma.
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Kumar V, Maitra SS. Biodegradation of endocrine disruptor dibutyl phthalate (DBP) by a newly isolated Methylobacillus sp. V29b and the DBP degradation pathway. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:200. [PMID: 28330272 PMCID: PMC5031561 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Methylobacillus are methanotrophs, a metabolic feature that is widespread in the phylum Proteobacteria. The study demonstrates the isolation and characterization of a newly isolated Methylobacillus sp. V29b. which grows on methanol, protocatechuate, monobutyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate and diisodecyl phthalate. Methylobacillus sp. V29b was characterized with scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Gram staining, antibiotics sensitivity tests and biochemical characterization. It degrades 70 % of the initial DBP in minimal salt medium and 65 % of the initial DBP in samples contaminated with DBP. DBP biodegradation kinetics was explained by the Monod growth inhibition model. Values for maximum specific growth rate (µmax) and half-velocity constant (Ks) are 0.07 h−1 and 998.2 mg/l, respectively. Stoichiometry for DBP degradation was calculated for Methylobacillus sp. V29b. Four metabolic intermediates, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), monobutyl phthalate, phthalic acid and pyrocatechol, were identified. Based on the metabolic intermediates identified, a chemical pathway for DBP degradation was proposed. Six genes for phthalic acid degradation were identified from the genome of Methylobacillus sp. V29b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Lab No. 117, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - S S Maitra
- Lab No. 117, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Wang S, Zhang P, Liu R, Li Y, Liu C, Liao X. A DEHP plasticizer alters synaptic proteins via peroxidation. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 6:89-97. [PMID: 30090480 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00361c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used commercial plasticizer. DEHP exposure has a negative impact on brain development and cognition, but the mechanisms responsible for DEHP-induced neurotoxicity are not well understood. Here we showed that DEHP exposure increased maleic dialdehyde and reactive oxygen species contents and decreased endogenous superoxide dismutase activity in a mouse neuroblastoma cell line (N2a cell line). DEHP exposure not only induced reduction of neurite outgrowth, but also led to microtubule-associated protein tau hyperphosphorylation and dissociation from microtubules. Furthermore, DEHP exposure decreased the levels of synapsin-1 and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), which play critical roles in synaptic function. Antioxidant vitamin E pretreatment prevented DEHP-induced abnormalities in the cells. These results indicate that DEHP exposure could induce abnormal action of proteins including tau, synapsin-1 and PSD95, which play critical roles in the synaptic structure and function, and that these alterations might be mediated by peroxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Wang
- School of Life Sciences , Central China Normal University , Hubei Key Lab of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , Wuhan , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 027 67867229
| | - Pengyan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences , Central China Normal University , Hubei Key Lab of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , Wuhan , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 027 67867229
| | - Ruifang Liu
- School of Life Sciences , Central China Normal University , Hubei Key Lab of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , Wuhan , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 027 67867229
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Life Sciences , Central China Normal University , Hubei Key Lab of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , Wuhan , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 027 67867229
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Life Sciences , Central China Normal University , Hubei Key Lab of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , Wuhan , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 027 67867229
| | - Xiaomei Liao
- School of Life Sciences , Central China Normal University , Hubei Key Lab of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , Wuhan , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 027 67867229
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Brock JW, Bell JM, Guillette LJ. Urinary Phthalate Metabolites in American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) from Selected Florida Wetlands. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 71:1-6. [PMID: 26743198 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-015-0260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates have been shown to cause endocrine disruption in laboratory animals and are associated with altered development of the reproductive system in humans. Further, human have significant exposure to phthalates. However, little is known concerning the exposure of wildlife to phthalates. We report urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations from fifty juvenile alligators from three Florida lakes and a site in the Everglades. Urinary phthalate monoester concentrations varied widely among alligators from the different sites but also among alligators from the same site. Mono-2-ethylhexy phthalate and monobutyl phthalate were found in most samples of alligator urine with maximums of 35,700 ng/mL and 193 ng/mL, respectively. Monobenzyl phthalate was found in 5 alligators with a maximum of 66.7 ng/mL. Other monoesters were found in only one or two alligator urine samples. The wide variation within and among sites, in addition to the high levels of mEHP, mBP and mBzP, is consistent with exposure arising from the intermittent spraying of herbicide formulations to control invasive aquatic plants in Florida freshwater sites. Phthalate diesters are used as adjuvants in many of these formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Brock
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Asheville, Asheville, NC, 28804, USA.
| | - Jane Margaret Bell
- Department of Chemistry, Warren Wilson College, Asheville, NC, 28805, USA
| | - Louis J Guillette
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
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Benjamin S, Pradeep S, Josh MS, Kumar S, Masai E. A monograph on the remediation of hazardous phthalates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 298:58-72. [PMID: 26004054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates or phthalic acid esters are a group of xenobiotic and hazardous compounds blended in plastics to enhance their plasticity and versatility. Enormous quantities of phthalates are produced globally for the production of plastic goods, whose disposal and leaching out into the surroundings cause serious concerns to the environment, biota and human health. Though in silico computational, in vitro mechanistic, pre-clinical animal and clinical human studies showed endocrine disruption, hepatotoxic, teratogenic and carcinogenic properties, usage of phthalates continues due to their cuteness, attractive chemical properties, low production cost and lack of suitable alternatives. Studies revealed that microbes isolated from phthalate-contaminated environmental niches efficiently bioremediate various phthalates. Based upon this background, this review addresses the enumeration of major phthalates used in industry, routes of environmental contamination, evidences for health hazards, routes for in situ and ex situ microbial degradation, bacterial pathways involved in the degradation, major enzymes involved in the degradation process, half-lives of phthalates in environments, etc. Briefly, this handy module would enable the readers, environmentalists and policy makers to understand the impact of phthalates on the environment and the biota, coupled with the concerted microbial efforts to alleviate the burden of ever increasing load posed by phthalates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailas Benjamin
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kerala 673 635, India.
| | - Selvanesan Pradeep
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kerala 673 635, India
| | - Moolakkariyil Sarath Josh
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kerala 673 635, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Division, CSIR-NEERI Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, India
| | - Eiji Masai
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2137, Japan
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Net S, Delmont A, Sempéré R, Paluselli A, Ouddane B. Reliable quantification of phthalates in environmental matrices (air, water, sludge, sediment and soil): a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 515-516:162-180. [PMID: 25723871 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Because of their widespread application, phthalates or phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are ubiquitous in the environment. Their presence has attracted considerable attention due to their potential impacts on ecosystem functioning and on public health, so their quantification has become a necessity. Various extraction procedures as well as gas/liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry detection techniques are found as suitable for reliable detection of such compounds. However, PAEs are ubiquitous in the laboratory environment including ambient air, reagents, sampling equipment, and various analytical devices, that induces difficult analysis of real samples with a low PAE background. Therefore, accurate PAE analysis in environmental matrices is a challenging task. This paper reviews the extensive literature data on the techniques for PAE quantification in natural media. Sampling, sample extraction/pretreatment and detection for quantifying PAEs in different environmental matrices (air, water, sludge, sediment and soil) have been reviewed and compared. The concept of "green analytical chemistry" for PAE determination is also discussed. Moreover useful information about the material preparation and the procedures of quality control and quality assurance are presented to overcome the problem of sample contamination and these encountered due to matrix effects in order to avoid overestimating PAE concentrations in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopheak Net
- Université Lille 1, Laboratoire LASIR-UMR 8516 CNRS, Equipe Physico-chimie de l'Environnement, Cité Scientifique 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Anne Delmont
- Aix-Marseille University, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (M I O), UM 110, 13288, Marseille, Cedex 9, Université de Toulon, 83957, CNRS/IRD, France
| | - Richard Sempéré
- Aix-Marseille University, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (M I O), UM 110, 13288, Marseille, Cedex 9, Université de Toulon, 83957, CNRS/IRD, France
| | - Andrea Paluselli
- Aix-Marseille University, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (M I O), UM 110, 13288, Marseille, Cedex 9, Université de Toulon, 83957, CNRS/IRD, France
| | - Baghdad Ouddane
- Université Lille 1, Laboratoire LASIR-UMR 8516 CNRS, Equipe Physico-chimie de l'Environnement, Cité Scientifique 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Chen X, Zhang X, Yang Y, Yue D, Xiao L, Yang L. Biodegradation of an endocrine-disrupting chemical di-n-butyl phthalate by newly isolated Camelimonas sp. and enzymatic properties of its hydrolase. Biodegradation 2015; 26:171-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-015-9725-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang WL, Wu QY, Wang C, He T, Hu HY. Health risk assessment of phthalate esters (PAEs) in drinking water sources of China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:3620-3630. [PMID: 25253058 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3615-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) with endocrine disruption effects and carcinogenicity are widely detected in water environment. Occurrences of PAEs in source water and removal efficiencies of PAEs by drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in China were surveyed from publications in the last 10 years. Concentration of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in source water with median value of 1.3 μg/L was higher than that of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP). If the removal efficiencies of DEHP and DnBP reached 60 and 90 %, respectively, the calculated PAE concentration in drinking water can generally meet Standards for Drinking Water Quality in China. The health risks of PAEs, including non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks via the "water source-DWTP-oral ingestion/dermal permeation" pathway, were evaluated with Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis under certain removal efficiencies from 0 to 95 %. The carcinogenic risk of DEHP was lower than the upper acceptable carcinogenic risk level (10(-4)), while the probability of DEHP's carcinogenic risk between lower (10(-6)) and upper (10(-4)) acceptable carcinogenic risk level decreased from about 21.2 to 0.4 % through increasing DEHP removal efficiency from 0 to 95 %. The non-carcinogenic risk of DEHP was higher than that of DEP and DnBP. In all cases, the total non-carcinogenic risk of DEP, DnBP, and DEHP was lower than 1, indicating that there would be unlikely incremental non-carcinogenic risk to humans. Both carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk of PAEs in drinking water to female were a little higher than those to male.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Wang
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Badiefar L, Yakhchali B, Rodriguez-Couto S, Veloso A, García-Arenzana JM, Matsumura Y, Khodabandeh M. Biodegradation of bisphenol A by the newly-isolated Enterobacter gergoviae strain BYK-7 enhanced using genetic manipulation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01818h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous bacterial strains possessing a high bisphenol A (BPA)-tolerance/degradation activity were isolated from different outlets of petrochemical wastewater in Iran using the enrichment cultivation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Badiefar
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB)
- Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology (IIEB)
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Bagher Yakhchali
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB)
- Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology (IIEB)
- Tehran
- Iran
| | | | - Antonio Veloso
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta R&D Ctr
- Donostia-San Sebastian 20018
- Spain
| | | | | | - Mahvash Khodabandeh
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB)
- Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology (IIEB)
- Tehran
- Iran
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29
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Zolfaghari M, Drogui P, Seyhi B, Brar SK, Buelna G, Dubé R. Occurrence, fate and effects of Di (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate in wastewater treatment plants: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 194:281-293. [PMID: 25091800 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates, such as Di (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) are compounds extensively used as plasticizer for long time around the world. Due to the extensive usage, DEHP is found in many surface waters (0.013-18.5 μg/L), wastewaters (0.716-122 μg/L), landfill leachate (88-460 μg/L), sludge (12-1250 mg/kg), soil (2-10 mg/kg). DEHP is persistent in the environment and the toxicity of the byproducts resulting from the degradation of DEHP sometime exacerbates the parent compound toxicity. Water/Wastewater treatment processes might play a key role in delivering safe, reliable supplies of water to households, industry and in safeguarding the quality of water in rivers, lakes and aquifers. This review addresses state of knowledge concerning the worldwide production, occurrence, fate and effects of DEHP in the environment. Moreover, the fate and behavior of DEHP in various treatment processes, including biological, physicochemical and advanced processes are reviewed and comparison (qualitative and quantitative) has been done between the processes. The trends and perspectives for treatment of wastewaters contaminated by DEHP are also analyzed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zolfaghari
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau, Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - P Drogui
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau, Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - B Seyhi
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau, Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - S K Brar
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau, Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - G Buelna
- Industrial Research Center of Quebec, 333 rue Franquet, Québec, QC G1P 4C7, Canada
| | - R Dubé
- Industrial Research Center of Quebec, 333 rue Franquet, Québec, QC G1P 4C7, Canada
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Sun W, Ban JB, Zhang N, Zu YK, Sun WX. Perinatal exposure to Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-Phthalate leads to cognitive dysfunction and phospho-tau level increase in aged rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:596-603. [PMID: 22610992 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-Phthalate (DEHP) can affect glucose and insulin homeostasis in periphery and lead to insulin resistance, especially exposure of DEHP during critical developmental period. Given the potential relationship between insulin resistance and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in elderly life, we investigated the relationship between perinatal DEHP exposure and AD pathogenesis. Our results suggested that perinatal exposure to DEHP can affect the expression of insulin and insulin-Akt- GSK-3β signal pathway in hippocampus. Furthermore, impaired cognitive ability and increased level of phospho-Tau was observed in DEHP-exposed rat offspring (1.25 ± 0.11 vs. 0.47 ± 0.07, P < 0.05). The present study demonstrates that perinatal exposure to DEHP may be a potential risk factor for AD pathogenesis associated with insulin resistance and insulin metabolism disorder in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital Attached to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
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Adewuyi GO. High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Identification and Estimation of Phthalates in Sewer Waste and a Receiving River in Ibadan City, Southwestern Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2012.410099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wang Q, Wang L, Chen X, Rao KM, Lu SY, Ma ST, Jiang P, Zheng D, Xu SQ, Zheng HY, Wang JS, Yu ZQ, Zhang R, Tao Y, Yuan J. Increased urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels in workers exposed to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in a waste plastic recycling site in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 18:987-996. [PMID: 21298484 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-010-0420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a common plasticizer used in industrial and diverse consumer products. Animal studies indicate DEHP caused developmental, reproductive, and hepatic toxicities. However, human studies of the potential effects of DEHP are limited. METHODS The exposed site with a history of over 20 years of waste plastic recycling was located in Hunan Province, China. The reference site without known DEHP pollution source was about 50 km far away from the exposed site. In this study, 181 workers working in plastic waste recycling and 160 gender-age matched farmers were recruited. DEHP concentrations in water and cultivated soil samples, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and micronuclei frequency in human capillary blood lymphocytes were analyzed. RESULTS Mean levels of DEHP were greater in environment at the recycling site than at reference site (industry wastewater for the exposed: 42.43 μg/l; well water: 14.20 vs. 0.79 μg/l, pond water: 135.68 vs. 0.37 μg/l, cultivated soil: 13.07 vs. 0.81 mg/kg, p < 0.05 for all). The workers had higher median levels of MDA (3.80 vs. 3.14 nmol/ml) and urinary 8-OHdG (340.37 vs. 268.18 μmol/mol creatinine) and decreased SOD activities (112.15 vs. 123.82 U/ml) than the reference group (p < 0.01 for all). Multivariate analysis revealed that the history of working in waste plastic recycling was an independent risk factor for the increased urinary 8-OHdG levels in the male workers (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The occupational DEHP exposure might contribute to oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage in the male workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hongkong Road, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
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Chen WC, Huang HC, Wang YS, Yen JH. Effect of benzyl butyl phthalate on physiology and proteome characterization of water celery (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:1325-1330. [PMID: 21496923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), a phthalate ester (PAE) and an endocrine disruptor, on water celery, Ipomoea aquatica Forsk., one of the most popular leaf vegetables in Taiwan. After 28 days of cultivation, treatment with 100 mgL⁻¹ BBP retarded plant growth and decreased biomass and number of mature leaves and caused the accumulation of proline in leaves of water celery, but the concentrations of chlorophyll a and b in the leaves remained constant. 2-D gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of the proteome of leaf tissue revealed five protein spots with up- and down-regulated expression. The predicted protein XP_001417439 was down-regulated, which explained inhibition of plant growth, and the proteina XP_001417040, calreticulin, GAI-like protein 1, and (-)-linalool synthase were up-regulated, which indicates interference with the cell cycle and protein synthesis, as well as dwarfism of water celery. BBP is a stressor on the growth of water celery, and proteome analysis revealed the up- and down-regulation of genes involved in plant growth with BBP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ching Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Wu X, Wang Y, Dai Q, Liang R, Jin D. Isolation and characterization of four di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP)-degrading Gordonia sp. strains and cloning the 3,4-phthalate dioxygenase gene. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Okamoto Y, Ueda K, Kojima N. Potential Risks of Phthalate Esters: Acquisition of Endocrine-disrupting Activity during Environmental and Metabolic Processing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.57.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Koji Ueda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University
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Aerobic biodegradation of diethyl phthalate by Acinetobacter sp. JDC-16 isolated from river sludge. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11771-010-0584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wu XL, Wang YY, Liang RX, Dai QY, Chao WL. Degradation of di-n-butyl phthalate by newly isolated Ochrobactrum sp. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 85:235-237. [PMID: 20658278 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-010-0080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A gram negative isolate designated JDC-41 was obtained from river sludge using mixtures of phthalate esters as the sole source and energy. The isolate was identified as Ochrobactrum sp. based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence. Over 87% of supplied di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) was degraded by JDC-41 in a pH neutral mineral salts medium at 30 degrees C within 48 h. Increased DBP (50-500 mg/L) in the culture correspondingly increased degradation half-life from 3.83 to 18.12 h. DBP induced cells more rapidly degraded DBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-ling Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410083, China.
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Chatterjee S, Karlovsky P. Removal of the endocrine disrupter butyl benzyl phthalate from the environment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:61-73. [PMID: 20396882 PMCID: PMC2872021 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2570-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), an aryl alkyl ester of 1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acid, is extensively used in vinyl tiles and as a plasticizer in PVC in many commonly used products. BBP, which readily leaches from these products, is one of the most important environmental contaminants, and the increased awareness of its adverse effects on human health has led to a dramatic increase in research aimed at removing BBP from the environment via bioremediation. This review highlights recent progress in the degradation of BBP by pure and mixed bacterial cultures, fungi, and in sludge, sediment, and wastewater. Sonochemical degradation, a unique abiotic remediation technique, and photocatalytic degradation are also discussed. The degradation pathways for BBP are described, and future research directions are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Chatterjee
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
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Abstract
Chemicals act on biological molecules and affect their functions. DNA is one of the most important targets, damaging of which could lead to diverse diseases including cancer. The mode of action of chemicals to DNA contains chemical reaction and protein factor-mediated modulation of the function. In this review, these actions are described in view of effects of chemicals on DNA. First, oxidative damage of DNA is described in several cases of chemicals focusing on its mechanisms involving metals such as copper. We have demonstrated: DNA binding of copper ions prior to reduction-oxidation reaction is crucial for the damaging, probably due to the proximal attack of reactive oxygen species; reduction of the bound copper induces a conformational change of DNA strand through rearrangement of copper-coordination geometry; RNA, another nucleic acid, is more liable to oxidative damage than DNA. Impact of RNA damage on oxidative stress-related diseases is discussed. Second, a group of chemicals called endocrine disruptors is described. Phthalate esters are ubiquitous endocrine disruptors of which mechanisms are still elusive. Here, we present our research performed for elucidation of the active metabolite and molecular target. Novel candidates of active metabolite are suggested. Finally, toxicological activity dynamics are described, showing several chemicals exert toxic potential by structural alteration in the environment, metabolism, or both. These imply gene-environment interactions that would underlie various diseases induced by environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ueda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan.
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Park K, Kwak IS. Calponin gene expression in Chironomus riparius exposed to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2009; 24:555-62. [PMID: 19051260 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, which is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant because of its extensive use as a plasticizer, is a potential nongenotoxic carcinogen. To assess the effects of DEHP exposure on the cytoskeleton of Chironomus, we characterized full-length cDNA sequences of the calponin gene from Chironomus riparius. The expression of the calponin gene was analyzed during different life-history stages and under various DEHP concentrations for short and long periods. A phylogenetic investigation was then conducted to compare different orders of insects using sequence database analysis. The complete cDNA sequence of the calponin gene was found to be 555 bp in length. The results of phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. riparius calponin is most closely related to that of beetles. The basal level of calponin mRNA was highly expressed during different life-history stages. In addition, calponin gene expression decreased within 1 h of short-term exposure to DEHP, regardless of the concentration. We also investigated expression of the calponin gene following long-term exposure (10 days). Calponin gene expression was found to decrease significantly in C. riparius that were exposed to a low dose of DEHP, and this response was found to occur in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results suggest that DEHP affects the functions of Ca(2+) binding muscle proteins such as calponin in Chironomus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyun Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Genetic diversity of phthalic acid esters-degrading bacteria isolated from different geographical regions of China. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2009; 97:79-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-009-9390-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ogawa G, Ishida M, Urano N. Isolation and identification of dibutyl phthalate-degrading bacteria from hydrospheres in Tokyo. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2009; 55:261-5. [PMID: 19700919 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.55.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is used widely as a plasticizer and is thought to negatively affect various organisms. To isolate and investigate DBP-degrading bacteria from hydrospheres in Tokyo, strains were selected on YNB medium containing DBP as the sole carbon source, and candidate strains were identified by zones of clearing around the colonies. Degradation of DBP by the strains was subsequently measured with HPLC, and bacterial identification was accomplished using 16S rDNA sequences. Nineteen strains of DBP degraders were isolated from activated sludge in a sewage treatment plant, from Tokyo Bay, and from the Takahama Canal. These strains degraded 16.8%-88.0% of DBP (0.1%, v/v) for 2 weeks and were identified as several species of Acinetobacter, as well as Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens, Ochrobactrum anthropi, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Commercially available strains of Acinetobacter were also found to degrade DBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Ogawa
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Sauvageau D, Cooper DG, Nicell JA. Relative rates and mechanisms of biodegradation of diester plasticizers mediated byRhodococcus rhodochrous. CAN J CHEM ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.20170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chauvigné F, Menuet A, Lesné L, Chagnon MC, Chevrier C, Regnier JF, Angerer J, Jégou B. Time- and dose-related effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and its main metabolites on the function of the rat fetal testis in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:515-21. [PMID: 19440488 PMCID: PMC2679593 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.11870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine-disrupting effects of phthalates are understood primarily from in utero exposures within the fetal rat testis. Nevertheless, their path of action, dose-response character, and cellular target(s) within the fetal testis are not known. OBJECTIVES In this study we investigated the effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), and several of their metabolites on the development of organo-cultured testes from rat fetus. METHODS We removed testes from 14.5-day-old rat fetuses and cultured them for 1-3 days with or without DEHP, MEHP, and the metabolites. RESULTS DEHP (10(-5) M) produced a proandrogenic effect after 3 days of culture, whereas MEHP disrupted testis morphology and function. Leydig cells were the first affected by MEHP, with a number of them being inappropriately located within some seminiferous tubules. Additionally, we found a time- and dose-dependent reduction of testosterone. By 48 hr, gonocyte proliferation had decreased, whereas apoptosis increased. Sertoli cell number was unaffected, although some cells appeared vacuolated, and production of anti-Müllerian hormone decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The derived metabolite mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate was the only one to cause deleterious effects to the rat fetal testis in vitro. CONCLUSION We hope that this in vitro method will facilitate the study of different phthalate esters and other endocrine disruptors for direct testicular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Chauvigné
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), U625, GERHM, Université Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Arnaud Menuet
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), U625, GERHM, Université Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Laurianne Lesné
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), U625, GERHM, Université Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Christine Chagnon
- UMR FLAVIC, ENSBANA (Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l’Alimentation), Dijon, France
| | - Cécile Chevrier
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), U625, GERHM, Université Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | | | - Jürgen Angerer
- Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernard Jégou
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), U625, GERHM, Université Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
- Address correspondence to B. Jégou, INSERM, U625, GERHM, Campus de Beaulieu, Université Rennes I, Rennes, Bretagne F-35042 France. Telephone: 33-0-2-23-23-69-11, Fax: 33-0-2-23-23-50-55, E-mail:
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Han SW, Lee H, Han SY, Lim DS, Jung KK, Kwack SJ, Kim KB, Lee BM. An exposure assessment of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) in human semen. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2009; 72:1463-1469. [PMID: 20077219 DOI: 10.1080/15287390903212972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Levels of the phthalates such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP, a major metabolite of DEHP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP, a major metabolite of DBP), and phthalic acid (P, (a common metabolite of phthalates, including DEHP and DBP) were determined in the semen samples of 99 healthy volunteers without known prior medicosurgical history. Samples were obtained from young men (age 20-25 yr) who visited a clinic, and the semen concentrations of phthalates were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). UPLC/MS/MS showed that mean concentrations in semen samples were 1.07 microg/ml for MEHP, 0.61 microg/ml for DEHP, 0.39 microg/ml for PA, 0.06 microg/ml for MBP, and 0.003 microg/ml for DBP. The concentration of MEHP (the metabolite of DEHP) was highest, and the concentrations of the metabolites including MEHP, MBP, and PA were higher than actual concentrations of parent DEHP and DBP. These findings suggest the detection of phthalates in healthy human semen might require further investigation for effects on human fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Han
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Effects of phthalate ester derivatives including oxidized metabolites on coactivator recruiting by PPARα and PPARγ. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 22:1534-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Revised: 05/10/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Liang DW, Zhang T, Fang HHP, He J. Phthalates biodegradation in the environment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 80:183-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2008] [Revised: 05/18/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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48
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Song XF, Wei GH, Liu X, Zhang DY, Chen X, Deng YJ. Effects of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) on INSL3 mRNA expression by Leydig cells derived from mouse embryos and in newborn mice. J Int Med Res 2008; 36:512-21. [PMID: 18534133 DOI: 10.1177/147323000803600316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) regulates testicular descent during fetal life, and Insl3 gene inactivation results in cryptorchidism. Little is known, however, about whether the plasticizer diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), a contaminant found widely in the environment, influences INSL3 expression. In this study, primary cultures of Leydig cells from mouse embryos were treated in vitro with DEHP. We also treated pregnant mice with DEHP from gestation day 12 to postnatal day 3 in order to study the effect of DEHP in vivo. INSL3 mRNA expression levels in primary Leydig cell cultures and in the testes of newborn mice were significantly lower following DEHP treatment. DEHP also caused detrimental morphological changes in both primary cultures of Leydig cells and the testes of newborn mice. These results suggest that the downregulation of INSL3 mRNA by DEHP might cause abnormalities of gubernacular development, which might be one of the mechanisms for development of cryptorchidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Song
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
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Sasaki M, Tsuchido T, Matsumura Y. Molecular cloning and characterization of cytochrome P450 and ferredoxin genes involved in bisphenol A degradation in Sphingomonas bisphenolicum strain AO1. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 105:1158-69. [PMID: 18492046 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To clone and characterize the genes bisdA and bisdB, encoding Ferredoxin(bisd) (Fd(bisd)) and cytochrome P450(bisd) (P450(bisd)), respectively, from the bisphenol A (BPA) degrading Sphingomonas bisphenolicum strain AO1. METHODS AND RESULTS The 3.7 kb region containing bisdA and bisdB was cloned by genome walking and colony hybridization. The deduced N-terminal amino acid sequences of bisdA and bisdB were consistent with those of Fd(bisd) and P450(bisd) proteins characterized in our previous report. Two transposase genes, tnpA1 and tnpA2, were also located upstream and downstream of bisdAB. From amino acid sequence analysis, P450(bisd) has two conserved regions corresponding to the oxygen and heme binding regions of the bacterial cytochrome P450 family. Fd(bisd) was similar to putidaredoxin-type [2Fe-2S] ferredoxins. Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells bearing bisdB- and bisdAB-recombinant pET19b were able to degrade BPA. A spontaneous mutant, strain AO1L, which was unable to degrade BPA, was isolated from the stock culture, and it was confirmed that strain AO1L had no bisdAB region. CONCLUSIONS P450(bisd) monooxygenase sytem, encoded by bisdAB, is one system required for BPA hydroxylation in S. bisphenolicum strain AO1. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our results indicate that bisdAB are key genes for BPA degradation in S. bisphenolicum strain AO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sasaki
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Otton SV, Sura S, Blair J, Ikonomou MG, Gobas FAPC. Biodegradation of mono-alkyl phthalate esters in natural sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 71:2011-2016. [PMID: 18331756 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2007] [Revised: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mono-alkyl phthalate esters (MPEs) are primary metabolites of di-alkyl phthalate esters (DPEs), a family of industrial chemicals widely used in the production of soft polyvinyl chloride and a large range of other products. To better understand the long term fate of DPEs in the environment, we measured the biodegradation kinetics of eight MPEs (-ethyl, -n-butyl, -benzyl, -i-hexyl, -2-ethyl-hexyl, -n-octyl, -i-nonyl, and -i-decyl monoesters) in marine and freshwater sediments collected from three locations in the Greater Vancouver area. After a lag period in which no apparent biodegradation occurred, all MPEs tested showed degradation rates in both marine and freshwater sediments at 22 degrees C with half-lives ranging between 16 and 39 h. Half-lives increased approximately 8-fold in incubations performed at 5 degrees C. Biodegradation rates did not differ between marine and freshwater sediments. Half-lives did not show a relationship with increasing alkyl chain length. We conclude that MPEs can be quickly degraded in natural sediments and that the similarity in MPE degradation kinetics among sediment types suggests a wide occurrence of nonspecific esterases in microorganisms from various locations, as has been reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Victoria Otton
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
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