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Altememy D, Kashani MHG, Fateme A, Khosravian P. New method to induce neurotrophin gene expression in human adipose-derived stem cells in vitro. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2024; 15:214-219. [PMID: 39290551 PMCID: PMC11404434 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_390_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Rosemary leaf extract, a well-known medicinal plant, can induce neurotrophin gene expression and proliferation in stem cells. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) with high proliferation and differentiation capacity are easily accessible and can be extracted with the least damage. This study evaluated the effect of rosemary extract (RE) on neurotrophin gene expression at 48 h postinduction in hASCs. hASCs were isolated from healthy female donors, aged 28-35 years, who had undergone abdominal liposuction. Passage-4 stem cells were cultured and treated with different doses of RE (from 30 to 70 µg/ml) containing 40% carnosic acid for 48 h. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to check the expression of neurotrophin genes. The expression of NTF3, NTF4, and nerve growth factor genes in cells treated with 40-60 µg/ml and the expression of GDNF in cells treated with 50-70 µg/ml of RE for 48 h showed a significant increase compared to cells cultured in serum-containing medium. However, different doses of RE showed no effect on brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene expression in the treated cells. RE (50, 60 µg/ml) leads to an increase of neurotrophin gene expression in hASCs as compared to routine cell culture. Hence, this protocol can be used to prepare ideal cell sources for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiya Altememy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Maryam Haji Ghasem Kashani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Amirahmadi Fateme
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Pegah Khosravian
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Zeng J, Xie Z, Chen L, Peng X, Luan F, Hu J, Xie H, Liu R, Zeng N. Rosmarinic acid alleviate CORT-induced depressive-like behavior by promoting neurogenesis and regulating BDNF/TrkB/PI3K signaling axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115994. [PMID: 38070249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA), a natural phenolic acid compound with a variety of bioactive properties. However, the antidepressant activity and mechanism of RA remain unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of RA on chronic CORT injection induced depression-like behavior in mice. Male C57BL/6 J mice were intraperitoneally injected with CORT (10 mg/kg) and were orally given RA daily (10 or 20 mg/kg) for 21 consecutive days. In vitro, the HT22 cells were exposed to CORT (200 μM) with RA (12.5, 25 or 50 μM) and LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) or ANA-12 (a TrkB inhibitor) treatment. The depression-like behavior and various neurobiological changes in the mice and cell injury and levels of target proteins in vitro were subsequently assessed. Here, RA treatment decreased the expression of p-GR/GR, HSP90, FKBP51, SGK-1 in mice hippocampi. Besides, RA increased the average optical density of Nissl bodies and number of dendritic spines in CA3 region, and enhanced Brdu and DCX expression and synaptic transduction in DG region, as well as up-regulated both the BDNF/TrkB/CREB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Moreover, RA reduced structural damage and apoptosis in HT22 cells, increased the differentiation and maturation of them. More importantly, LY294002, but not ANA-12, reversed the effect of RA on GR nuclear translocation. Taken together, RA exerted antidepressant activities by modulating the hippocampal glucocorticoid signaling and hippocampal neurogenesis, which related to the BDNF/TrkB/PI3K signaling axis regulating GR nuclear translocation, provide evidence for the application of RA as a candidate for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuseng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Xi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fei Luan
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hongxiao Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Nan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Ferdousi F, Sasaki K, Fukumitsu S, Kuwata H, Nakajima M, Isoda H. A Descriptive Whole-Genome Transcriptomics Study in a Stem Cell-Based Tool Predicts Multiple Tissue-Specific Beneficial Potential and Molecular Targets of Carnosic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098077. [PMID: 37175790 PMCID: PMC10179098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnosic acid (CA) is a phenolic diterpene widely distributed in herbal plants, rosemary and sage. Although its medicinal properties, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective effects, have been well-documented, its relevant biochemical processes and molecular targets have not been fully explored yet. In the present study, we conducted an untargeted whole-genome transcriptomics analysis to investigate CA-induced early biological and molecular events in human amniotic epithelial stem cells (hAESCs) with the aim of exploring its multiple tissue-specific functionalities and potential molecular targets. We found that seven days of CA treatment in hAESCs could induce mesoderm-lineage-specific differentiation. Tissue enrichment analysis revealed that CA significantly enriched lateral plate mesoderm-originated cardiovascular and adipose tissues. Further tissue-specific PPI analysis and kinase and transcription factor enrichment analyses identified potential upstream regulators and molecular targets of CA in a tissue-specific manner. Gene ontology enrichment analyses revealed the metabolic, antioxidant, and antifibrotic activities of CA. Altogether, our comprehensive whole-genome transcriptomics analyses offer a thorough understanding of the possible underlying molecular mechanism of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sasaki
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-0821, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumitsu
- NIPPN Corporation, Tokyo 243-0041, Japan
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | | | - Mitsutoshi Nakajima
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-0821, Japan
- MED R&D Corporation, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-0821, Japan
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- MED R&D Corporation, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
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Puri V, Kanojia N, Sharma A, Huanbutta K, Dheer D, Sangnim T. Natural product-based pharmacological studies for neurological disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1011740. [PMID: 36419628 PMCID: PMC9676372 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1011740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders and diseases are expected to rise sharply in the coming years, partly because of the world's aging population. Medicines for the treatment of the CNS have not been successfully made. Inadequate knowledge about the brain, pharmacokinetic and dynamic errors in preclinical studies, challenges with clinical trial design, complexity and variety of human brain illnesses, and variations in species are some potential scenarios. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are multifaceted and lack identifiable etiological components, and the drugs developed to treat them did not meet the requirements of those who anticipated treatments. Therefore, there is a great demand for safe and effective natural therapeutic adjuvants. For the treatment of NDDs and other memory-related problems, many herbal and natural items have been used in the Ayurvedic medical system. Anxiety, depression, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's diseases (AD), as well as a plethora of other neuropsychiatric disorders, may benefit from the use of plant and food-derived chemicals that have antidepressant or antiepileptic properties. We have summarized the present level of knowledge about natural products based on topological evidence, bioinformatics analysis, and translational research in this review. We have also highlighted some clinical research or investigation that will help us select natural products for the treatment of neurological conditions. In the present review, we have explored the potential efficacy of phytoconstituents against neurological diseases. Various evidence-based studies and extensive recent investigations have been included, which will help pharmacologists reduce the progression of neuronal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Puri
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ameya Sharma
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kampanart Huanbutta
- School of Pharmacy, Eastern Asia University, Rangsit, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Divya Dheer
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tanikan Sangnim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Muang, Chon Buri, Thailand
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Advances in the Pharmacological Activities and Effects of Perilla Ketone and Isoegomaketone. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8809792. [PMCID: PMC9635969 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8809792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As components of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with many physiological activities, perilla ketone and isoegomaketone isolated from perilla essential oil are important active components of Perilla frutescens. Recent studies have shown that these two compounds have promising antitumor, antifungal, antirheumatoid arthritis, antiobesity, anti-inflammatory, healing-promoting, and other activities and can be used to combat toxicity from immunotherapy. Therefore, the multitude of pharmacological activities and effects demonstrate the broad research potential of perilla ketone and isoegomaketone. However, no reviews have been published related to the pharmacological activities or effects of perilla ketone and isoegomaketone. The purpose of this review is as follows: (1) outline the recent advances made in understanding the pharmacological activities of perilla ketone and isoegomaketone; (2) summarize their effects; and (3) discuss future research perspectives.
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Phenolic Acids as Antidepressant Agents. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204309. [PMID: 36296993 PMCID: PMC9610055 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a psychiatric disorder affecting the lives of patients and their families worldwide. It is an important pathophysiology; however, the molecular pathways involved are not well understood. Pharmacological treatment may promote side effects or be ineffective. Consequently, efforts have been made to understand the molecular pathways in depressive patients and prevent their symptoms. In this context, animal models have suggested phytochemicals from medicinal plants, especially phenolic acids, as alternative treatments. These bioactive molecules are known for their antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. They occur in some fruits, vegetables, and herbal plants. This review focused on phenolic acids and extracts from medicinal plants and their effects on depressive symptoms, as well as the molecular interactions and pathways implicated in these effects. Results from preclinical trials indicate the potential of phenolic acids to reduce depressive-like behaviour by regulating factors associated with oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, autophagy, and deregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, stimulating monoaminergic neurotransmission and neurogenesis, and modulating intestinal microbiota.
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Verma H, Bhattacharjee A, Shivavedi N, Nayak PK. Evaluation of rosmarinic acid against myocardial infarction in maternally separated rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:1189-1207. [PMID: 35876905 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Depression and coronary heart diseases are the common comorbid disorder affecting humans globally. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of rosmarinic acid (RA) against myocardial infarction (MI) in comorbid depression induced by maternal separation in rats. Maternal stress is one of the childhood crises that may be a potential risk factor for coronary heart disease in later part of life. As per protocol, 70-80% of pups were separated daily for 3 h between postnatal day 1 (PND1) and postnatal day 21 (PND21). Forced-swim test, sucrose preference test, and electrocardiography were performed during the experiment. Body weight was measured on PND0, PND35, and PND55. Orally rosmarinic acid (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) was done from PND35 to PND55. On PND53 and PND54, isoproterenol (100 mg/kg, subcutaneously) was administered to induce myocardial infarction. On PND55, blood was collected and animals sacrificed, and plasma corticosterone, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, cardiac biomarkers, interleukine-10, and anti-oxidant parameters were measured. Rosmarinic acid and fluoxetine ameliorated the maternal separation-induced increase in immobility period, anhedonia, body weight, ST elevation, corticosterone, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). At the same time, both drugs elevated the tissue levels of BDNF, IL-10, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase activity. This study provides the first experimental evidence that maternal stress is an independent risk factor of cardiac abnormalities in rats. Moreover, maternal stress synergistically increases the severity of cardiac abnormalities induced by isoproterenol. Interestingly, fluoxetine and rosmarinic acid effectively ameliorated behavioral anomalies and myocardial infarction in maternally separated rats. Schematic representation of possible molecular mechanism of action of rosmarinic acid against MS-induced myocardial infarction. RA, rosmarinic acid; MS, maternal separation; PND, postnatal days; ISO, isoproterenol; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; GSH, glutathione; SOD, superoxide dismutase; IL-10, interleukin-10; MI, myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anindita Bhattacharjee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Naveen Shivavedi
- Shri Ram Group of Institutions, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Dahchour A. Anxiolytic and antidepressive potentials of rosmarinic acid: A review with a focus on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106421. [PMID: 36096427 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders that have emerged as global health concerns. Anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs, such as benzodiazepines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and tricyclics, are the first line used in treating anxiety and depression. Although these drugs lack efficacy and have a delayed response time and numerous side effects, their widespread abuse and market continue to grow. Over time, traditional practices using natural and phytochemicals as alternative therapies to chemical drugs have emerged to treat many pathological conditions, including anxiety and depression. Recent preclinical studies have demonstrated that the phenolic compound, rosmarinic acid, is effective against several neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression. In addition, rosmarinic acid showed various pharmacological effects, such as cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, lung protective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, the potentialities of the use of rosmarinic acid in the treatment of nervous system-related disorders, such as anxiety and depression, are less or not yet reviewed. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to present several preclinical and clinical studies, when available, from different databases investigating the effects of rosmarinic acid on anxiety and depression. These studies showed that rosmarinic acid produces advantageous effects on anxiety and depression through its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review will examine and discuss the possibility that the anxiolytic and anti-depressive effects of rosmarinic acid could be associated with its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader Dahchour
- Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco.
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Ferdousi F, Isoda H. Regulating Early Biological Events in Human Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cells Using Natural Bioactive Compounds: Extendable Multidirectional Research Avenues. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:865810. [PMID: 35433672 PMCID: PMC9011193 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.865810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells isolated from perinatal tissue sources possess tremendous potential for biomedical and clinical applications. On the other hand, emerging data have demonstrated that bioactive natural compounds regulate numerous cellular and biochemical functions in stem cells and promote cell migration, proliferation, and attachment, resulting in maintaining stem cell proliferation or inducing controlled differentiation. In our previous studies, we have reported for the first time that various natural compounds could induce targeted differentiation of hAESCs in a lineage-specific manner by modulating early biological and molecular events and enhance the therapeutic potential of hAESCs through modulating molecular signaling. In this perspective, we will discuss the advantages of using naturally occurring active compounds in hAESCs and their potential implications for biological research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,R&D Center for Tailor-made QOL, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Singla RK, Joon S, Shen L, Shen B. Translational Informatics for Natural Products as Antidepressant Agents. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:738838. [PMID: 35127696 PMCID: PMC8811306 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.738838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression, a neurological disorder, is a universally common and debilitating illness where social and economic issues could also become one of its etiologic factors. From a global perspective, it is the fourth leading cause of long-term disability in human beings. For centuries, natural products have proven their true potential to combat various diseases and disorders, including depression and its associated ailments. Translational informatics applies informatics models at molecular, imaging, individual, and population levels to promote the translation of basic research to clinical applications. The present review summarizes natural-antidepressant-based translational informatics studies and addresses challenges and opportunities for future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Joon
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Li Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Nikshenas Shahrestani V, Haddadi M, Samzadeh Kermani AR. Behavioral and Molecular Analysis of Antioxidative Potential of Rosmarinic Acid Against Methamphetamine-induced Augmentation of Casp3a mRNA in the Zebrafish Brain. Basic Clin Neurosci 2021; 12:243-254. [PMID: 34925721 PMCID: PMC8672665 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.12.2.1777.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Methamphetamine (MA) acts as a powerful oxidant agent, while Rosmarinic Acid (RA) is an effective herbal antioxidant. Oxidative stress-mediated by MA results in apoptosis, and caspase-3 is one of the critical enzymes in the apoptosis process. MA can epigenetically alter gene regulation. In this paper, to investigate the effects of RA on MA-mediated oxidative stress, changes in the level of casp3a mRNA were demonstrated in zebrafish. Methods: The animals were grouped in 3 treatment conditions for the behavioral test: control, MA, MA pretreated by RA, and 6 treatment conditions for the molecular test: control, RA, MA, MA co-treated with RA, MA co-treated with RA/ZnO/chitosan nanoparticle, and ZnO/chitosan nanoparticle. Then molecular and behavioral investigations were carried out, and critical comparisons were made between the groups. MA solution was prepared with a concentration of 25 mg/L, and RA solution was prepared by DPPH test with the antioxidant power of about 97%. Each solution was administered by immersing 20 zebrafish for 20 minutes, once per day for 7 days. The level of casp3a mRNA was quantified by using qRT-PCR. One-sided trapezoidal tank diving test was applied to study behavioral alterations. Results: The qPCR analysis demonstrated the high potential of RA/ZnO/chitosan in counteracting the MA-mediated elevation in casp3a mRNA level. Based on the diving test results of MA-treated fish, MA was found to be anxiolytic compared to the control. While the resulted diving pattern of the MA-treated animals pretreated by RA was novel and different from both the control and MA-treated groups. Conclusion: The potential of RA combined with a suitable nanoparticle against MA-induced oxidative stress was supported. The high efficiency of ZnO/chitosan in increasing RA penetration to the brain cells was evident. MA at a dose of 25 mg/L is anxiolytic for zebrafish. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes should be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Haddadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
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Quan W, Liu HX, Zhang W, Lou WJ, Gong YZ, Yuan C, Shao Q, Wang N, Guo C, Liu F. Cardioprotective effect of rosmarinic acid against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury via suppression of the NF-κB inflammatory signalling pathway and ROS production in mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:222-231. [PMID: 33600735 PMCID: PMC7894452 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1878236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Rosmarinic acid (RosA), a natural poly-phenolic compound isolated from a variety of Labiatae herbs, has been reported to have a range of biological effects. OBJECTIVE To investigate the cardioprotective effects of RosA against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were given RosA (100 mg/kg) via intragastric administration. After 1 week of administration, the mice were subjected to 30 min/24 h myocardial I/R injury. The mice were randomly subdivided into 4 groups: Vehicle, RosA, Vehicle + I/R, and RosA + I/R. Infarct size (IS), cardiac function (including EF, FS), histopathology, serum enzyme activities, ROS changes, cis aconitase (ACO) activity, and specific mRNA and protein levels were assessed in vivo. HL-1 cells were pre-treated with or without RosA (50 μM), followed by stimulation with 9 h/6 h of oxygen and glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R). The cells were randomly subdivided into 4 groups: Vehicle, RosA, Vehicle + OGD/R, and RosA + OGD/R. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, ACO activity, ROS changes and protein levels were measured in vitro. RESULTS Treatment with RosA reduced the following indicators in vivo (p < 0.05): (1) IS (14.5%); (2) EF (-23.4%) and FS (-18.4%); (3) the myocardial injury enzymes CK-MB (20.8 ng/mL) and cTnI (7.7 ng/mL); (4) DHE-ROS: (94.1%); (5) ACO activity (-2.1 mU/mg protein); (6) ogdh mRNA level (122.9%); and (7) OGDH protein level (69.9%). Moreover, treatment with RosA attenuated the following indicators in vitro (p < 0.05): (1) LDH level (191 U/L); (2) DHE-ROS: (165.2%); (3) ACO activity (-3.2 mU/mg protein); (4) ogdh mRNA level (70.0%); and (5) OGDH (110.1%), p-IκB-a (56.8%), and p-NF-κB (57.7%) protein levels. CONCLUSIONS RosA has the potential to treat myocardial I/R injury with potential application in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Quan
- Xi’an Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hui-xian Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei-juan Lou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-ze Gong
- Xi’an Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chong Yuan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Shao
- Xi’an Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Na Wang
- Xi’an Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Xi’an Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Hassanzadeh-Taheri M, Ahmadi-Zohan A, Mohammadifard M, Hosseini M. Rosmarinic acid attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 117:102008. [PMID: 34314849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been recently demonstrated that rosmarinic acid (RA) through modulation in the amyloidogenic pathway exhibit neuroprotective potential in Alzheimer's disease. However, its effects on non-amyloidogenic pathways such as neuroinflammation (NI) and oxidative stress have not been elucidated carefully. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effect of RA on cognitive function, cortical and hippocampal oxidant-antioxidant balance, and proinflammatory cytokines production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NI in rats. NI was induced by intracerebroventricular injection of LPS (50 μg/20 μL; 10 μL into each ventricle) in Wistar rats. RA (25 and 50 mg/kg.) was intraperitoneally administrated to the experimental groups 30 min before the LPS injection and continued once per day for seven days. Cognitive function was investigated by the Y-maze test, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers were evaluated in their hippocampi (HIP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). In addition, neuronal damage was evaluated in the HIP subfields histologically. The RA administration could alleviate cognitive impairments caused by NI in LPS-treated rats as evidenced by improved working memory and attenuated neuronal injury in the HIP subfields. RA treatment in a dose-dependent manner prevented the overproduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and IL-6 in both the HIP and PFC. RA significantly alleviated the HIP and PFC levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NOx) and enhanced the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. These findings demonstrated that RA could also exert its neuroprotective effects by modulating non-amyloidogenic pathways such as inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadmehdi Hassanzadeh-Taheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran
| | - Atiyeh Ahmadi-Zohan
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran
| | - Mahtab Mohammadifard
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran
| | - Mehran Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran.
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Sasaki K, Ferdousi F, Fukumitsu S, Kuwata H, Isoda H. Antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like activities of Rosmarinus officinalis extract in rodent models: Involvement of oxytocinergic system. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112291. [PMID: 34653760 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxytocin (OXT), a neuropeptide involved in mammal reproductive and prosocial behaviors, has been reported to interact with various stressor-provoked neurobiological changes, including neuroendocrine, neurotransmitter, and inflammatory processes. In view of disturbances in psychosocial relationships due to social isolation and physical distancing measures amid the COVID-19 pandemic, being one of the triggering factors for the recent rise in depression and anxiety, OXT is a potential candidate for a new antidepressant. METHODS In this present study, we have aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of Rosmarinus officinalis extract (RE), extracted from distillation residue of rosemary essential oil, on central OXT level in the context of other stress biomarkers and neurotransmitter levels in mice models. Tail suspension test (TST) and elevated plus maze test (EPMT) following LPS injection were employed to assess depressive- and anxiety-like behavior in mice, respectively. FINDINGS Pretreatment with RE for seven days significantly improved behavior in TST and EPMT. Whole-genome microarray analysis reveals that RE significantly reversed TST stress-induced alterations in gene expressions related to oxytocinergic and neurotransmitter pathways and inflammatory processes. In both models, RE significantly increased central Oxt and Oxtr expressions, as well as OXT protein levels. RE also significantly attenuated stress-induced changes in serum corticosterone, brain and serum BDNF levels, and brain neurotransmitters levels in both models. INTERPRETATION Altogether, our study is the first to report antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like activities of RE through modulating oxytocinergic system in mice brain and thus highlights the prospects of RE in the treatment of depressive disorders of psychosocial nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Sasaki
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumitsu
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8577 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kuwata
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8577 Ibaraki, Japan.
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Tubbs AS, Kennedy KER, Alfonso-Miller P, Wills CCA, Grandner MA. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Polyphenol Botanical Blend on Sleep and Daytime Functioning. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063044. [PMID: 33809544 PMCID: PMC8000032 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of subclinical sleep disturbances, existing treatments are either potent prescription medications or over-the-counter supplements with minimal scientific support and numerous side effects. However, preliminary evidence shows that polyphenols such as rosmarinic acid and epigallocatechin gallate can support healthy sleep without significant side effects. Therefore, the present study examined whether a polyphenol botanical blend (PBB) could improve sleep and/or daytime functioning in individuals with subclinical sleep disturbances. A total of 89 individuals completed a double-blind, randomized trial of daily treatment with PBB (n = 43) or placebo (n = 46) 30 min before bed for 30 days. Participants were monitored for changes in sleep (by sleep diary and an activity tracker), mood, and neurocognitive functioning. After 30 days, PBB improved diary sleep quality (p = 0.008) and reduced insomnia severity (p = 0.044) when compared to placebo. No other changes in sleep outcomes were observed. Additionally, PBB did not impair neurocognitive functioning, and some improvement was noted in vigilant attention, working memory, and risk assessment. Among individuals with subclinical sleep disturbances, PBB improved sleep quality, insomnia severity, and neurocognitive functioning over placebo. These findings indicate that polyphenol compounds may be useful for improving certain aspects of sleep without compromising neurocognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Tubbs
- Sleep and Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (K.E.R.K.); (C.C.A.W.); (M.A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(520)-626-6346
| | - Kathryn E. R. Kennedy
- Sleep and Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (K.E.R.K.); (C.C.A.W.); (M.A.G.)
| | | | - Chloe C. A. Wills
- Sleep and Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (K.E.R.K.); (C.C.A.W.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Michael A. Grandner
- Sleep and Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (K.E.R.K.); (C.C.A.W.); (M.A.G.)
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Mirza FJ, Amber S, Sumera, Hassan D, Ahmed T, Zahid S. Rosmarinic acid and ursolic acid alleviate deficits in cognition, synaptic regulation and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in an Aβ 1-42-induced mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 83:153490. [PMID: 33601255 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rosmarinus officinalis, commonly known as rosemary, is a medicinal herb that presents significant biological properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-depressant activities. Recent findings correlate impaired adult neurogenesis, which is crucial for the maintenance of synaptic plasticity and hippocampal functioning, synaptic regulation with the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). These observations call for the need to developing compounds that promote neurogenesis and alleviates deficits in cognition and synaptic regulation. PURPOSE AND STUDY DESIGN The present study was conducted to determine the proneurogenic effects of R. officinalis and its active compounds (ursolic acid and rosmarinic acid) in comparison to Donepezil in an Aβ1-42-induced mouse model of AD. METHODS BALB/c mice were divided into ten groups. Half were injected with Aβ1-42 in the hippocampus through stereotaxic surgery to generate the disease groups. The other half received control injections. Each set of five groups were administered orally with vehicle, an ethanolic extract of R. officinalis, ursolic acid, rosmarinic acid or donepezil. Behavior analysis included the Morris water maze test, the novel object recognition test and the Elevated plus maze. The mice were then sacrificed and the hippocampal tissue was processed for immunohistochemistry and gene expression analysis. RESULTS The results show a protective effect by rosmarinic acid and ursolic acid in reversing the deficits in spatial and recognition memory as well as changes in anxiety induced by Aβ1-42. The neuronal density and the expression levels of neurogenic (Ki67, NeuN and DCX) and synaptic (Syn I, II, III, Synaptophysin and PSD-95) markers were also normalized upon treatment with rosmarinic and ursolic acid. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate the potential of R. officinalis and its active compounds as therapeutic agents against Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Javed Mirza
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sanila Amber
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumera
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Deeba Hassan
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Touqeer Ahmed
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Zahid
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Amaghnouje A, Mechchate H, Es-safi I, Boukhira S, S. Aliqahtani A, M. Noman O, A. Nasr F, Conte R, Calarco A, Bousta D. Subacute Assessment of the Toxicity and Antidepressant-Like Effects of Origanum Majorana L. Polyphenols in Swiss Albino Mice. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235653. [PMID: 33266220 PMCID: PMC7730305 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Origanum majorana L. is a plant commonly used in folk medicine to treat depression and several neurological disorders. This study aims to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of the Origanum majorana L. polyphenols (OMP) obtained from the aerial parts using two different depression model tests: The forced swimming test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST) in Swiss albino mice. The experiments were performed on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 with daily administration of different treatments. Two different doses were chosen for this study (50 and 100 mg/kg), and paroxetine was used as a positive control. Immobility as a consequence of the depression state was significantly reduced following the treatment with OMP, indicating an antidepressant effect. A subacute toxicity study was also performed following the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Guidelines (407), showing no sign of toxicity for the studied doses. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of 12 components, all belonging to polyphenols: Arbutin, rosmarinic acid, ursolic acid, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-7-O-glucuronic acid, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-0-glucuronic acid, Kaempferol-3-0-pentose, caffeic acid, catechin, quercetin, and rutin. These findings suggest that O. majorana has interesting antidepressant-like properties, which deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Amaghnouje
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health (LBEAS), University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, BP 1796-ATLAS Fes, Morocco; (A.A.); (I.E.-s.); (S.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Hamza Mechchate
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health (LBEAS), University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, BP 1796-ATLAS Fes, Morocco; (A.A.); (I.E.-s.); (S.B.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +212-6020-83601
| | - Imane Es-safi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health (LBEAS), University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, BP 1796-ATLAS Fes, Morocco; (A.A.); (I.E.-s.); (S.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Smahane Boukhira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health (LBEAS), University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, BP 1796-ATLAS Fes, Morocco; (A.A.); (I.E.-s.); (S.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Ali S. Aliqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (O.M.N.); (F.A.N.)
| | - Omar M. Noman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (O.M.N.); (F.A.N.)
| | - Fahd A. Nasr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (O.M.N.); (F.A.N.)
| | - Raffaele Conte
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET)—CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Anna Calarco
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET)—CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Dalila Bousta
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health (LBEAS), University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, BP 1796-ATLAS Fes, Morocco; (A.A.); (I.E.-s.); (S.B.); (D.B.)
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Araki R, Sasaki K, Onda H, Nakamura S, Kassai M, Kaneko T, Isoda H, Hashimoto K. Effects of Continuous Intake of Rosemary Extracts on Mental Health in Working Generation Healthy Japanese Men: Post-Hoc Testing of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113551. [PMID: 33233510 PMCID: PMC7699484 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously performed a 4 week interventional trial that suggested that continuous intake of rosemary extract improves the mood states, fatigue, and cognitive function of working generation healthy adult Japanese men. However, the severity of depression in participants in our previous study was relatively mild. Therefore, in the present study, a post-hoc analysis of our previous study was conducted, limited to participants whose total mood disturbance (TMD) scores, which indicate greater mood disturbance, were above the median at baseline, to evaluate whether rosemary extract was effective for individuals with poor mental health. Following the intervention, the scores of TMD and “Confusion-Bewilderment” were significantly decreased (both p < 0.05), and scores of “Vigor-Activity” were significantly increased in the rosemary group (n = 8) compared with those in the control group (n = 13; p < 0.01). When comparing the scores from pre- and post-intervention, significant improvements in “Tension-Anxiety”, “Vigor-Activity”, “Fatigue on awakening”, “Daytime sleepiness”, and “Psychomotor speed” were observed in the rosemary group only (all p < 0.05). Based on these results, it was expected that rosemary extracts were effective for improving the mental energy and sleep quality of work-age men with poor mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Araki
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan;
- R&D Center for Tailor-Made QOL, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba 305-8550, Japan;
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (Food-Med OIL), AIST-University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan;
| | - Kazunori Sasaki
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (Food-Med OIL), AIST-University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan;
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Onda
- S&B FOODS INC., 38-8 Miyamoto-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8651, Japan; (H.O.); (S.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Syunsuke Nakamura
- S&B FOODS INC., 38-8 Miyamoto-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8651, Japan; (H.O.); (S.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Masahiro Kassai
- S&B FOODS INC., 38-8 Miyamoto-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8651, Japan; (H.O.); (S.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Toshiyuki Kaneko
- Tokyo Skytree Station Medical Clinic, 3-33-13 Sumida-ku, Tokyo 131-0033, Japan;
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- R&D Center for Tailor-Made QOL, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba 305-8550, Japan;
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (Food-Med OIL), AIST-University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan;
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Koichi Hashimoto
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-298-53-3064
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Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Hosseinzadeh H. Effects of rosmarinic acid on nervous system disorders: an updated review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 393:1779-1795. [PMID: 32725282 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01935-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the worldwide interest is growing to use medicinal plants and their active constituents to develop new potent medicines with fewer side effects. Precise dietary compounds have prospective beneficial applications for various neurodegenerative ailments. Rosmarinic acid is a polyphenol and is detectable most primarily in many Lamiaceae families, for instance, Rosmarinus officinalis also called rosemary. This review prepared a broad and updated literature review on rosmarinic acid elucidating its biological activities on some nervous system disorders. Rosmarinic acid has significant antinociceptive, neuroprotective, and neuroregenerative effects. In this regard, we classified and discussed our findings in different nervous system disorders including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, depression, Huntington's disease, familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, spinal cord injury, stress, anxiety, and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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20
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Impact of improving eating habits and rosmarinic acid supplementation on rat vascular and neuronal system in the metabolic syndrome model. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:757-767. [PMID: 32814604 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452000327x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Decreasing high fat and high carbohydrate intake, together with the administration of natural bioactive drugs, is assumed to have a protective effect in the prevention and amelioration of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of the study was to evaluate effects of diet improvement and/or a phenolic compound (rosmarinic acid; RA) administration (100 mg/kg per d) on metabolic as well as functional changes of vessels and hippocampus caused by the MetS-like conditions. The MetS-like conditions were induced by a high-fat-fructose diet (HFFD) in Prague hereditary hypertriacylglycerolaemic (HTG) rats. The effect of diet improvement and RA administration was studied using biochemical and functional measurements. Consumption of HFFD by HTG rats resulted in the development of conditions like the MetS. The fat and fructose restriction from the diet led to amelioration of basic indicators of metabolic state in rats fed HFFD and to amendment parameters of glucose tolerance test and reduction of the IL-1β serum levels. Moreover, aortic endothelial function was improved with an impact on blood pressure. The functional measurement of electrophysiology of the hippocampus showed that long-term potentiation of neuronal transmission course deteriorated after HFFD was improved by energy restriction. Oral administration of RA had a supporting effect not only on lipid and glucose metabolism but also on the vascular endothelium. Combination of both types of therapy induced beneficial effect on glucose tolerance and lipid peroxidation. Thus, combined improvement of diet habits and treatment with natural bioactive drugs is assumed to have protective effect in prevention and amelioration of the MetS.
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Gd-Complex of a Rosmarinic Acid Conjugate as an Anti-Inflammatory Theranostic Agent via Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080744. [PMID: 32823673 PMCID: PMC7464237 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RosA), an important polyphenol, is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its application in theranostics has been rarely reported. Therefore, a new single-molecule anti-inflammatory theranostic compound containing RosA would be of great interest. A gadolinium (Gd) complex of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-trisacetic acid (DO3A) and RosA (Gd(DO3A-RosA)(H2O)) was synthesized and examined for use as a single-molecule theranostic agent. Its kinetic stability is comparable to that of clinically used macrocyclic magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. In addition, its relaxivity is higher than that of structurally analogous Gd-BT-DO3A. This agent was evaluated for inflammatory targeting magnetic resonance contrast and showed strong and prolonged enhancement of imaging in inflamed tissues of mice. The theranostic agent also possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, as evidenced by reactive oxygen species scavenging, superoxide dismutase activity, and inflammatory factors. The novel RosA-conjugated Gd complex is a promising theranostic agent for the imaging of inflamed tissues, as well as for the treatment of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Lavender and dodder combined herbal syrup versus citalopram in major depressive disorder with anxious distress: A double-blind randomized trial. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 18:409-415. [PMID: 32739466 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) accompanied by anxious distress is a chronic and disabling disorder. Its conventional drug therapies often have low patient compliance due to drug-related side effects. In Persian medicine, lavender-dodder syrup is one formula often recommended for such disorders. OBJECTIVE This study compares the effects of lavender-dodder syrup to the standard drug, citalopram, for treating MDD with anxious distress. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION This six-week, double-blind, randomized, clinical trial was carried out in a psychiatric outpatient clinic. During the six-week intervention period, patients in citalopram group received citalopram tablets 20 mg/d plus 5 mL placebo syrup every 12 h; patients in group B received placebo tablets once daily plus 5 mL of lavender-dodder herbal syrup every 12 h. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome measures, depression and anxiety, were evaluated using the Hamilton Depression/Anxiety Rating Scales, and were scored at the beginning of the study and at weeks three and six. Secondary outcome measures including response to treatment and remission rates were also compared between the two groups. RESULTS Fifty-six participants with MDD and anxious distress were randomly assigned to two groups. Mean depression scores significantly decreased in citalopram and herbal groups at weeks three and six (time effect: P < 0.001), although the observed changes were not significantly different between the groups (intervention effect: P = 0.61). Mean anxiety scores were not significantly different between the two groups at week three (P = 0.75). However, at the end of week six, the observed decrease was significantly higher in the herbal syrup group than the citalopram group (intervention effect: P = 0.007). CONCLUSION The herbal syrup is an effective and tolerable supplement for treating MDD with anxious distress. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER IRCT2016102430459N1 on Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials.
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Ali M, Zahid S. The neurogenic effects of rosmarinic acid in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-979020200003180772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mahnoor Ali
- National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Zahid
- National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan
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Lee JE, Kwon HJ, Choi J, Han PL. Stress-Induced Epigenetic Changes in Hippocampal Mkp-1 Promote Persistent Depressive Behaviors. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8537-8556. [PMID: 31267372 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress induces persistent depressive behaviors. Stress-induced transcriptional alteration over the homeostatic range in stress hormone-sensitive brain regions is believed to underlie long-lasting depressive behaviors. However, the detailed mechanisms by which chronic stress causes those adaptive changes are not clearly understood. In the present study, we investigated whether epigenetic changes regulate stress-induced depressive behaviors. We found that chronic stress in mice downregulates the epigenetic factors HDAC2 and SUV39H1 in the hippocampus. A series of follow-up analyses including ChIP assay and siRNA-mediated functional analyses reveal that glucocorticoids released by stress cumulatively increase Mkp-1 expression in the hippocampus, and increased Mkp-1 then debilitates p-CREB and PPARγ, which in turn suppress the epigenetic factors HDAC2 and SUV39H1. Furthermore, HDAC2 and SUV39H1 normally suppress the transcription of the Mkp-1, and therefore the reduced expression of HDAC2 and SUV39H1 increases Mkp-1 expression. Accordingly, repeated stress progressively strengthens a vicious cycle of the Mkp-1 signaling cascade that facilitates depressive behaviors. These results suggest that the hippocampal stress adaptation system comprising HDAC2/SUV39H1-regulated Mkp-1 signaling network determines the vulnerability to chronic stress and the maintenance of depressive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyun-Dong, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kwon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyun-Dong, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Juli Choi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyun-Dong, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyung-Lim Han
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyun-Dong, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
- Brain Disease Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Wang YS, Shen CY, Jiang JG. Antidepressant active ingredients from herbs and nutraceuticals used in TCM: pharmacological mechanisms and prospects for drug discovery. Pharmacol Res 2019; 150:104520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Küpeli Akkol E, Gürağaç Dereli FT, Ilhan M. Assessment of Antidepressant Effect of the Aerial Parts of Micromeria myrtifolia Boiss. & Hohen on Mice. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101869. [PMID: 31096603 PMCID: PMC6571837 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The currently available antidepressant agents necessitate the development of newer alternatives because of their serious adverse effects and costs. Traditional medicinal knowledge is likely the key that opens the door to discover new medicines. In Turkish folk medicine, the infusion prepared from aerial parts of Micromeria myrtifolia Boiss. & Hohen is used as pleasure and medicinal tea for its relaxing action. The present research was conceived to confirm the antidepressant’s potential of this traditional medicinal plant. In this process, first of all, the collected and shade-dried aerial parts of M. myrtifolia were powdered and then, extracted using solvents with different polarity as follows; n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and methanol (MeOH). The antidepressant activity of the extracts was evaluated by using several in vivo and in vitro experimental models of depression. When the data obtained from the control and experimental groups were compared, it was determined that the MeOH extract was the most active. The active components of this extract were isolated and identified utilizing various chromatographic separation techniques. The MeOH extract was applied to reversed phase (RP-18) column chromatography to obtain five main fractions and they were tested on antidepressant activity models. The isolated compounds from the obtained fractions were elucidated as rosmarinic acid (1), myricetin (2), apigenin (3), and naringenin (4) which were assumed to be responsible for the antidepressant activity of the aerial parts. According to the results, rosmarinic acid, myricetin, apigenin, and naringenin showed statistically significant activity on forced swimming test and tetrabenazine-induced ptosis models, whereas only rosmarinic acid showed statistically significant activity on the tail suspension test. Apigenin displayed the highest inhibitory activity on MAO A and B enzymes. Studies in the future should be performed to investigate the antidepressant activity mechanism of these natural compounds. The current research could be an important step in the development of the new agents that can be used in the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, Ankara 6330, Turkey.
| | | | - Mert Ilhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Tuşba/Van 65080, Turkey.
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Falcone PH, Tribby AC, Vogel RM, Joy JM, Moon JR, Slayton CA, Henigman MM, Lasrado JA, Lewis BJ, Fonseca BA, Nieman KM, Herrlinger KA. Efficacy of a nootropic spearmint extract on reactive agility: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2018; 15:58. [PMID: 30541572 PMCID: PMC6291964 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proprietary spearmint extract (PSE) containing a minimum 14.5% rosmarinic acid and 24% total phenolic content, has evinced positive effects on cognition in individuals aged 50-70 with memory impairment after chronic supplementation. To address the growing interest in connecting mental and physical performance, the present study examined whether the nootropic effects of PSE translate into changes in reactive agility following daily supplementation with PSE. METHODS Utilizing a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design, healthy, recreationally-active men and women (n = 142) received 900 mg of PSE or placebo (PLA) daily for 90 days. Reactive agility, our primary outcome, was determined by measuring the number of hits and average reaction time (ART) on a Makoto Arena II, a 3600 audio-visual device that measures stationary, lateral, and multi-directional active choice reaction performance. Safety was evaluated using complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, and blood lipids. Measurements were evaluated on days 7, 30, and 90 of supplementation. RESULTS An overall treatment effect (p = 0.019) was evident for increased hits with PSE on the stationary test with footplates, with between group differences at Day 30 (PSE vs. PLA: 28.96 ± 2.08 vs. 28.09 ± 1.92 hits; p = 0.040) and Day 90 (PSE vs. PLA: 28.42 ± 2.54 vs. 27.02 ± 3.55 hits; p = 0.002). On the same task, ART improved (treatment effect, p = 0.036) with PSE at Day 7 (PSE vs. PLA: 0.5896 ± 0.060 vs. 0.6141 ± 0.073 s; p = 0.049) and Day 30 (PSE vs. PLA: 0.5811 ± 0.068 vs. 0.6033 ± 0.055 s; p = 0.049). PSE also significantly increased hits (treatment effect, p = 0.020) at Day 30 (PSE vs. PLA: 19.25 ± 1.84 vs. 18.45 ± 1.48 hits; p = 0.007) and Day 90 (PSE vs. PLA: 19.39 ± 1.90 vs. 18.66 ± 1.64 hits; p = 0.026) for the multi-directional test with footplates. Significant differences were not observed in the remaining Makoto tests. PSE was well tolerated as evidenced by no effects observed in the blood safety panels. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the current study demonstrate that consumption of 900 mg of PSE improved specific measures of reactive agility in a young, active population. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02518165 . Registered August 7, 2015 - retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron C. Tribby
- MusclePharm Sports Science Institute, Denver, CO USA
- Mercy Hospital, Springfield, MO USA
| | - Roxanne M. Vogel
- MusclePharm Sports Science Institute, Denver, CO USA
- Gu Energy Labs, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Jordan M. Joy
- MusclePharm Sports Science Institute, Denver, CO USA
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman’s University, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Jordan R. Moon
- MusclePharm Sports Science Institute, Denver, CO USA
- Impedimed, Inc., Carlsbad, CA USA
| | - Chantelle A. Slayton
- MusclePharm Sports Science Institute, Denver, CO USA
- Metropolitan State University, Denver, CO USA
| | - Micah M. Henigman
- MusclePharm Sports Science Institute, Denver, CO USA
- Metropolitan State University, Denver, CO USA
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Kim J, Kang H, Choi H, Jo A, Oh DR, Kim Y, Im S, Lee SG, Jeong KI, Ryu GC, Choi C. Aqueous Extract of Perilla frutescens var. acuta Relaxes the Ciliary Smooth Muscle by Increasing NO/cGMP Content In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071777. [PMID: 30029520 PMCID: PMC6100439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The leaves of Perilla frutescens var. acuta (PFA) are commonly used as a traditional medicine in Korea, Japan, and China. We previously showed that PFA attenuates eye fatigue by improving visual accommodation through a clinical study. However, detailed mechanisms and chemical compounds have not been studied. In this study, we analyzed the active compounds in an aqueous extract of PFA involved in ciliary muscle relaxation in vitro and in vivo. NMR and MS analyses showed that the PFA extract contained mainly luteolin-7-O-diglucuronide and apigenin-7-O-diglucuronide. The composition after freeze-drying and spray-drying was similar. Freeze-dried PFA (50 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL, and 200 µg/mL) increased nitric oxide and cGMP levels in ciliary muscle cells isolated from the eyes of rats. [Ca2+]i decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Sprague-Dawley rats treated with freeze-dried PFA (200 mg/kg, orally) showed significantly increased cGMP levels compared with the control group and irradiated with white light. Our results suggest that PFA extract has the potential to reduce eye fatigue by relaxing ciliary muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyong Kim
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
| | - Huwon Kang
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
| | - Hakjoon Choi
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
| | - Ara Jo
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
| | - Dooi-Ri Oh
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
| | - Yujin Kim
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
| | - Sojeong Im
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
| | - Seul-Gi Lee
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
| | - Kyeong-In Jeong
- Department of Optometry and optic science Dong-Shin University, Naju 58245, Korea.
| | - Geun-Chang Ryu
- Department of Optometry and optic science Dong-Shin University, Naju 58245, Korea.
| | - Chulyung Choi
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
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Martins J, S B. Phytochemistry and pharmacology of anti-depressant medicinal plants: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:343-365. [PMID: 29778018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress renders an individual to experience mental pressure and exhaustion which brings about feelings of anxiety, depression, anger and/or other negative emotions. Depression affects a person's state of mind, behaviour, health and is often associated with suicide. The use of anti-depressant drugs as therapeutic agents is associated with symptoms such as, delayed onset of action, side-effects, drug-drug and dietary interactions, sexual dysfunction, cardiac toxicity, etc. Thus, there is need to target these issues and improve current treatment options. Medicinal plants have long been used in discovering novel treatment strategies and compounds with promising roles in treating various disease conditions. There has been an increase, worldwide, in the use of medicinal plants and herbs for developing nutraceuticals for treatment of depression and other psychiatric disorders. Medicinal plants in their natural forms are valuable as they are rich in various phytochemical compounds. These phytochemical compounds have pharmacological roles in treating various diseases conditions; apart from being widely available in nature and commercially beneficial. The phytochemical compounds in plants are constantly being explored through various experimental studies to determine the molecular basis of how medicinal plants work in relation to drugs and diseases and to develop neutraceuticals for improving conditions. This review summarizes 110 medicinal plants and their phytochemical constituents that have been shown to possess anti-depressant activity. This review also highlights the various mechanisms of anti-depressant action of some of these plants and their plant parts like roots, stem, leaves, flowers, fruit or whole plant; phytochemical compounds showing anti-depressant activity such flavanoids, steroids, saponins, sugars, lectins, alkaloids, etc.; and various anti-depressant screening models used such as tail suspension test, forced swim test, chronic unpredictable stress test, sucrose preference test, monoamine oxidase inhibition assay, learned helplessness test, open field test, hole board test, etc. However, mechanistic evaluation of many of these plants still needs to be investigated and explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Martins
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, 3rd Floor, Bhaidas Sabhagriha Building, Bhaktivedanta Swami Marg, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, India.
| | - Brijesh S
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, 3rd Floor, Bhaidas Sabhagriha Building, Bhaktivedanta Swami Marg, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, India.
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Rahbardar MG, Amin B, Mehri S, Mirnajafi-Zadeh SJ, Hosseinzadeh H. Rosmarinic acid attenuates development and existing pain in a rat model of neuropathic pain: An evidence of anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 40:59-67. [PMID: 29496176 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the potential prophylactic and curative effects of rosmarinic acid, one of the main constituents of rosemary, on the neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS CCI was used to induce peripheral neuropathic pain. In prophylactic groups, rosmarinic acid (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered from the day of surgery (day 0) for 14 days. In treatment group, rosmarinic acid (40 mg/kg) was given from day 5 (after the pain was established), for 7 days. The degree of mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia, and heat hyperalgesia were measured on days 0, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 post-surgery. The open field test was carried out to assess locomotor activity of animals. Lumbar spinal cord levels of astroglia activation marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), microglial activation marker, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase enzyme (iNOS) and apoptotic factors were quantified via western blot on days 7 and 14. RESULTS CCI rats showed a significant mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, compared to sham ones on day 3, persisted up to day 14 post-CCI. Rosmarinic acid was able to prevent and also attenuate CCI-induced behavioral features in prophylactic as well as treatment groups, respectively. A significant increase in the levels of TNF-α, iNOS, apoptotic factors (Bax, caspases 3, 9), Iba-1, TLR-4, and GFAP was observed on both days 7 and 14, which was suppressed by 14 days administration of rosmarinic acid. CONCLUSION These findings further support the use of rosemary in traditional medicine to alleviate pain. Rosmarinic acid could be a promising compound in prophylaxis and treatment of neuropathic pain. Anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects of rosmarinic acid may have important roles in the observed antinociceptive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahareh Amin
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Yang JH, Mao KJ, Huang P, Ye YJ, Guo HS, Cai BC. Effect of piperine on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of rosmarinic acid in rat plasma using UPLC-MS/MS. Xenobiotica 2018; 48:178-185. [PMID: 28669317 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1292564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
1. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of piperine (PP) on the pharmacokinetics of rosmarinic acid (RA) in rat plasma and to determine whether PP could enhance the oral bioavailability of RA via inhibition of its glucuronidation. 2. The pharmacokinetic profiles of RA between oral administration of RA (50 mg/kg) alone and in combination with different oral dose PP (20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/kg) to rats were investigated via a validated UPLC/MS/MS method. 3. The AUC and Cmax of RA were significantly increased in combination with different dose PP dose dependently, especially in the presence of 60 and 80 mg/kg PP (p < 0.01). The relative bioavailability of RA in the presence of 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/kg PP was 1.24-, 1.32-, 2.02-, and 2.26-folds higher, respectively, compared with the control group given RA alone. Compared with RA, the pharmacokinetic modulations of RA glucuronide were even more apparent, and the glucuronidation of RA was remarkedly inhibited. 4. This study demonstrated that PP significantly improved the in vivo bioavailability of RA partly attributing to the inhibition of gut and hepatic metabolism enzymes of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Yang
- a Department of Pharmacy, Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Jiangyin , China
| | - Kun-Jun Mao
- b College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medicine College , Shangrao , China , and
| | - Ping Huang
- b College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medicine College , Shangrao , China , and
| | - Yin-Jun Ye
- b College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medicine College , Shangrao , China , and
| | - Hua-Shan Guo
- b College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medicine College , Shangrao , China , and
| | - Bao-Chang Cai
- c School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nannjing , China
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Ramos-Hryb AB, Cunha MP, Kaster MP, Rodrigues ALS. Natural Polyphenols and Terpenoids for Depression Treatment: Current Status. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64068-0.00006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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Sasaki K, Othman MB, Demura M, Watanabe M, Isoda H. Modulation of Neurogenesis through the Promotion of Energy Production Activity Is behind the Antidepressant-Like Effect of Colonial Green Alga, Botryococcus braunii. Front Physiol 2017; 8:900. [PMID: 29176952 PMCID: PMC5686089 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Algae have been recognized as important resources providing functional components due to their capacity to exert beneficial effects on health. Therefore, there is increasing interest in investigating the biological activity of algae. In this study, we evaluated the antidepressant-like effect of the administration of 100 mg/kg/day of the ethanol extract of colonial green alga Botryococcus braunii (EEB) for 14 consecutive days in the forced swimming test (FST)-induced depression in imprinting control region (ICR) mice. Imipramine, a commercial antidepressant drug, was used as a positive control. In addition, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of EEB by measuring ATP production and by assessing any change in gene expression at the end of the treatment using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microarray assays. We showed that the immobility time in the water-administered control (FST stress) group gradually increased from day 1 to day 14. However, treatment with EEB caused a significant decrease of immobility time in the FST compared with that in the FST stress group. Microarray and real-time PCR results revealed that EEB treatment induced variation in the expression of several genes associated with neurogenesis, energy metabolism, and dopamine synthesis. Interestingly, we revealed that only EEB treatment enhanced the promotion of energy production, while treatment with imipramine was ineffective. Our study provides the first evidence that B. braunii enhances energy production, which may contribute to the modulation of neurogenesis and to the enhancement of dopaminergic function, in turn potentially underlying the antistress- and antidepressant-like effects that we observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Sasaki
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan.,Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mahmoud B Othman
- Alliance for Research on North Africa, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mikihide Demura
- Algal Biomass and Energy System R&D Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Algal Biomass and Energy System R&D Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on North Africa, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Ayoob I, Lone SH, Masood-ur-Rahman, Zargar OA, Bashir R, Shakeel-u-Rehman, Khuroo MA, Bhat KA. New Semi-Synthetic Rosmarinic Acid-Based Amide Derivatives as Effective Antioxidants. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iram Ayoob
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kashmir, Hazratbal; Srinagar, Kashmir India 190006
| | - Shabir H. Lone
- Centre for Scientific Research; Department of Chemistry; GDC boys Anantnag, Kashmir; India 192102
| | - Masood-ur-Rahman
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar; Srinagar, Kashmir India 190005
- National Institute of Technology, Hazratbal, Kashmir; India 190006
| | - Ovais A. Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Kashmir, Hazratbal; Srinagar Kashmir India 190006
| | - Rohina Bashir
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Kashmir, Hazratbal; Srinagar Kashmir India 190006
| | - Shakeel-u-Rehman
- National Institute of Technology, Hazratbal, Kashmir; India 190006
| | - Mohd A. Khuroo
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kashmir, Hazratbal; Srinagar, Kashmir India 190006
| | - Khursheed A. Bhat
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar; Srinagar, Kashmir India 190005
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Ito N, Hirose E, Ishida T, Hori A, Nagai T, Kobayashi Y, Kiyohara H, Oikawa T, Hanawa T, Odaguchi H. Kososan, a Kampo medicine, prevents a social avoidance behavior and attenuates neuroinflammation in socially defeated mice. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:98. [PMID: 28468634 PMCID: PMC5415730 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kososan, a Kampo (traditional Japanese herbal) medicine, has been used for the therapy of depressive mood in humans. However, evidence for the antidepressant efficacy of kososan and potential mechanisms are lacking. Recently, it has been recognized that stress triggers neuroinflammation and suppresses adult neurogenesis, leading to depression and anxiety. Here, we examined whether kososan extract affected social behavior in mice exposed to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), an animal model of prolonged psychosocial stress, and neuroinflammation induced by CSDS. Methods In the CSDS paradigm, C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 10 min of social defeat stress from an aggressive CD-1 mouse for 10 consecutive days (days 1–10). Kososan extract (1.0 g/kg) was administered orally once daily for 12 days (days 1–12). On day 11, the social avoidance test was performed to examine depressive- and anxious-like behaviors. To characterize the impacts of kososan on neuroinflammation and adult neurogenesis, immunochemical analyses and ex vivo microglial stimulation assay with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were performed on days 13–15. Results Oral administration of kososan extract alleviated social avoidance, depression- and anxiety-like behaviors, caused by CSDS exposure. CSDS exposure resulted in neuroinflammation, as indicated by the increased accumulation of microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, and their activation in the hippocampus, which was reversed to normal levels by treatment with kososan extract. Additionally, in ex vivo studies, CSDS exposure potentiated the microglial pro-inflammatory response to a subsequent LPS challenge, an effect that was also blunted by kososan extract treatment. Indeed, the modulatory effect of kososan extract on neuroinflammation appears to be due to a hippocampal increase in an anti-inflammatory phenotype of microglia while sparing an increased pro-inflammatory phenotype of microglia caused by CSDS. Moreover, reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis in defeated mice was recovered by kososan extract treatment. Conclusions Our findings suggest that kososan extract prevents a social avoidant behavior in socially defeated mice that is partially mediated by the downregulation of hippocampal neuroinflammation, presumably by the relative increased anti-inflammatory microglia and regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Our present study also provides novel evidence for the beneficial effects of kososan on depression/anxiety and the possible underlying mechanisms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0876-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ito
- Department of Clinical Research, Oriental Medicine Research Center, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Eiji Hirose
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishida
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hori
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nagai
- Department of Clinical Research, Oriental Medicine Research Center, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology for Phytomedicines, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Research, Oriental Medicine Research Center, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kiyohara
- Department of Clinical Research, Oriental Medicine Research Center, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology for Phytomedicines, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Oikawa
- Department of Clinical Research, Oriental Medicine Research Center, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hanawa
- Department of Clinical Research, Oriental Medicine Research Center, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Odaguchi
- Department of Clinical Research, Oriental Medicine Research Center, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kin K, Yasuhara T, Kameda M, Agari T, Sasaki T, Morimoto J, Okazaki M, Umakoshi M, Kuwahara K, Kin I, Tajiri N, Date I. Hippocampal neurogenesis of Wistar Kyoto rats is congenitally impaired and correlated with stress resistance. Behav Brain Res 2017; 329:148-156. [PMID: 28465137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is thought to be an important region for depression. However, the relationship between hippocampal neurogenesis and depression is still controversial. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats are frequently used as a depression model. WKY rats are known to show physiologically abnormal features, and these features resemble abnormalities seen in depressed patients. However, the neurogenesis of WKY rats is still unknown. In this study, we first evaluated the neurogenesis of WKY rats and compared it to that of Wistar (WIS) rats. No strain effect was observed in the number of cells positive for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and BrdU/Doublecortin (Dcx) in the subventricular zone (SVZ). However, the number of BrdU- and BrdU/Dcx-positive cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus was significantly lower in WKY rats than in WIS rats. Next, we evaluated the correlation between neurogenesis and behavior tests. Behavior tests did not affect neurogenesis in either strain. Hippocampal neurogenesis correlated negatively with the results of a forced swim test (FST) on day 2 in each strain. That is, rats with a lower level of native neurogenesis in the DG showed a higher level of learned helplessness induced by the inescapable stress of the FST on day 1. Our findings indicate that hippocampal neurogenesis in WKY rats is congenitally impaired in contrast to that in WIS rats. Native cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the DG are correlated with stress resistance. These findings may be useful for developing new targets for depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Kin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takao Yasuhara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Kameda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takashi Agari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sasaki
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Jun Morimoto
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mihoko Okazaki
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Michiari Umakoshi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ken Kuwahara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ittetsu Kin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Naoki Tajiri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan; Department of Psychology, Kibi International University Graduate School of Psychology, 8, iga-cho, takahashi-shi, Okayama, 716-8508, Japan
| | - Isao Date
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Amin B, Mehri S, Mirnajafi-Zadeh SJ, Hosseinzadeh H. Anti-inflammatory effects of ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and rosmarinic acid in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 86:441-449. [PMID: 28012923 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rosemary, Rosmarinus (R.) officinalis L. is a well-known plant with several useful properties such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-neurodegenerative. It has been used in folk medicine to alleviate rheumatic pain, stomachache and dysmenorrhea. Rosemary has several constituents such as rosmarinic acid which can be responsible for therapeutic properties been noted with rosemary. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of R. officinalis and rosmarinic acid in a rat model of sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain to verify usage of rosemary in folk medicine. METHODS Rats underwent CCI, were treated with either normal saline, ethanolic extract of aerial parts of R. officinalis (400mg/kg, i.p.) or rosmarinic acid (40mg/kg, i.p.) from the day of surgery (day 0) for 14days. The anti-inflammatory effects of R. officinalis extract and rosmarinic acid were evaluated by assessing the levels of some spinal inflammatory markers including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) through western blotting and nitric oxide (NO) production via Griess reaction on days 7 and 14 post-surgery. RESULTS CCI rats exhibited a marked expression in the levels of inflammatory markers (COX2, PGE-2, IL-1β, MMP2 and NO) on both days 7 (p<0.001) and 14 (p<0.001). Rosmarinic acid and ethanolic extract of R. officinalis were able to decrease amounts of mentioned inflammatory markers on both days 7 (p<0.001) and 14 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Our data support the traditional use of R. officinalis as an effective remedy for pain relief and inflammatory disorders. It also suggests that the ethanolic extract of R. officinalis and rosmarinic acid through modulating neuro-inflammation might be potential candidates in treating neuropathic pain and different neurological disorders associated with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahareh Amin
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box: 14115-331, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Lou K, Yang M, Duan E, Zhao J, Yu C, Zhang R, Zhang L, Zhang M, Xiao Z, Hu W, He Z. Rosmarinic acid stimulates liver regeneration through the mTOR pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1574-1582. [PMID: 27823621 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rosemary (Rosmarinus offcinsalis L) has a liver protection function under various conditions of liver damage. Rosmarinic acid, one of the pharmacological constituents of rosemary, exhibited protective effects against organ injury, including acute liver injury. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesize that RA stimulates liver regeneration. STUDY DESIGN In the present study, we investigated the effects and mechanism of RA administration on liver regeneration using partial hepatectomy (PH), a well-validated liver regeneration model in mice. METHODS We use a 2/3 partial hepatectomy (PH) model to induce liver regeneration. RA was administered prior to and simultaneously with PH. The regeneration process was estimated by the index of the liver to body weight (ILBW) and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and liver transaminases. RESULTS The administration of rosmarinic acid stimulated hepatocyte proliferation based on activation of the mTOR/S6K pathway. Rosmarinic acid treatment also rescued impaired liver function due to PH. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that RA is potentially useful to promote liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihan Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Min Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Erdan Duan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Cong Yu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rongping Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lanchun Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhicheng Xiao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Weiyan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Zhiyong He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne 3800, Australia.
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Yu H, Qiu JF, Ma LJ, Hu YJ, Li P, Wan JB. Phytochemical and phytopharmacological review of Perilla frutescens L. (Labiatae), a traditional edible-medicinal herb in China. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 108:375-391. [PMID: 27890564 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt., a worldwide distributed plant, is an important economic crop and with a long cultivation history in China as well as some other countries in Asia. Except for the edible applications, the plant of P. frutescens is also traditionally used as a medicinal herb in China for thousands years. The leaves, seeds and stems of P. frutescens are recommended by the Chinese Pharmacopeia as three medicinal materials for various therapeutic applications. In the past decades, amount investigations have been done about different aspects for P. frutescens. However, no literature review about these works has been compiled. This review aims to present the findings of research conducted up-to-date (2015) on the traditional use, phytochemicals, pharmacological activities and toxicities of P. frutescens to provide scientific evidence for well-understanding and future research of P. frutescens. It was found that more than 100 compounds have been reported for P. frutescens and most of them are contributed to its medical benefits such as anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anticancer, anti-microbial, anti-depressive and anti-cough effects. Toxicology studies have been conducted to evaluate the safety of P. frutescens to provide information on their dosages and usages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; HKBU Shenzhen Research Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Jian-Feng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Li-Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Yuan-Jia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
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Andrade JMDM, Dos Santos Passos C, Kieling Rubio MA, Mendonça JN, Lopes NP, Henriques AT. Combining in vitro and in silico approaches to evaluate the multifunctional profile of rosmarinic acid from Blechnum brasiliense on targets related to neurodegeneration. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 254:135-45. [PMID: 27270453 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are important sources of chemical diversity leading to unique scaffolds that can be exploited in the discovery of new drug candidates or chemical probes. In this context, chemical and biological investigation of ferns and lycophytes occurring in Brazil is an approach adopted by our research group aiming at discovering bioactive molecules acting on neurodegeneration targets. In the present study, rosmarinic acid (RA) isolated from Blechnum brasiliense showed an in vitro multifunctional profile characterized by antioxidant effects, and monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B) and catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibition. RA showed antioxidant effects against hydroxyl (HO(•)) and nitric oxide (NO) radicals (IC50 of 29.4 and 140 μM, respectively), and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (IC50 of 19.6 μM). In addition, RA inhibited MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC50 values of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively. The MAO-A modulation showed a non-time-dependent profile, suggesting a reversible mechanism of inhibition. Structural insights on RA interactions with MAO-A and COMT were investigated by molecular docking. Finally, RA (up to 5 mM) demonstrated no cytotoxicity on polymorphonuclear rat cells. Taken together, our results suggest that RA may be exploited as a template for the development of new antioxidant molecules possessing additional MAO and COMT inhibition effects to be further investigated on in vitro and in vivo models of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Maria de Mello Andrade
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90.610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Dos Santos Passos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | | | - Jacqueline Nakau Mendonça
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café s/no, 14.040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café s/no, 14.040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Amélia Teresinha Henriques
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90.610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Al-Gholam MA, Nooh HZ, El-Mehi AE, El-Barbary AEM, Fokar AZE. Protective effect of rosemary on acrylamide motor neurotoxicity in spinal cord of rat offspring: postnatal follow-up study. Anat Cell Biol 2016; 49:34-49. [PMID: 27051566 PMCID: PMC4819076 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2016.49.1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct interactive effects of rosemary and acrylamide on the development of motor neurons in the spinal cord remains unknown. Our goal is to confirm the protective effects of rosemary against motor neuronal degeneration induced by acrylamide in the developing postnatal rat spinal cord using a postnatal rat model. We assigned the offspring of treated female rats into control, rosemary; acrylamide group; and recovery groups. This work depended on clinical, histopathological, morphometrically, immunohistochemical and genetic methods. In the acrylamide group, we observed oxidation, motor neuron degeneration, apoptosis, myelin degeneration, neurofilament reduction, reactive gliosis. Whoever, concomitant rosemary intake and withdrawal of acrylamide modulate these effects. These findings proof that dietary rosemary can directly protect motor neuron against acrylamide toxicity in the mammalian developing spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Al-Gholam
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Zakaria Nooh
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Abeer E El-Mehi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Moneum El-Barbary
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zo El Fokar
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
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Fonteles AA, de Souza CM, de Sousa Neves JC, Menezes APF, Santos do Carmo MR, Fernandes FDP, de Araújo PR, de Andrade GM. Rosmarinic acid prevents against memory deficits in ischemic mice. Behav Brain Res 2016; 297:91-103. [PMID: 26456521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols have neuroprotective effects after brain ischemia. It has been demonstrated that rosmarinic acid (RA), a natural phenolic compound, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. To evaluate the effectiveness of RA against memory deficits induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) mice were treated with RA (0.1, 1, and 20mg/kg/day, i.p. before ischemia and during 5 days). Animals were evaluated for locomotor activity and working memory 72 h after pMCAO, and spatial and recognition memories 96 h after pMCAO. In addition, in another set of experiments brain infarction, neurological deficit score and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were evaluates 24h after the pMCAO. Finally, immunohistochemistry, and western blot, and ELISA assay were used to analyze glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and synaptophysin (SYP) expression, and BDNF level, respectively. The working, spatial, and recognition memory deficits were significantly improved with RA treatment (20mg/kg). RA reduced infarct size and neurological deficits caused by acute ischemia. The mechanism for RA neuroprotection involved, neuronal loss suppression, and increase of synaptophysin expression, and increase of BDNF. Furthermore, the increase of MPO activity and GFAP immunireactivity were prevented in MCAO group treated with RA. These results suggest that RA exerts memory protective effects probably due to synaptogenic activity and anti-inflammatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analu Aragão Fonteles
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fortaleza, Brazil; Institute of Biomedicine of Brazilian Semi-Arid, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Carolina Melo de Souza
- Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Fontenele Menezes
- Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Diego Pinheiro Fernandes
- Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Rodrigues de Araújo
- Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Geanne Matos de Andrade
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fortaleza, Brazil; Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Institute of Biomedicine of Brazilian Semi-Arid, Fortaleza, Brazil.
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43
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Kim JH, Park SS. Retrospective case series on Gwakhyangjeonggi-san prescribed to patients with chronic urticaria. Complement Ther Med 2015; 23:806-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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44
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Enhanced oral bioavailability and prophylactic effects on oxidative stress and hepatic damage of an oil solution containing a rosmarinic acid–phospholipid complex. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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45
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Bahramsoltani R, Farzaei MH, Farahani MS, Rahimi R. Phytochemical constituents as future antidepressants: a comprehensive review. Rev Neurosci 2015; 26:699-719. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractDepression is a major mental disease that is ranked as the fourth leading cause of disability. In order to avoid unwanted adverse reactions, as well as improve efficacy, current researches are seeking alternatives to conventional antidepressants. Phytochemicals provide an extensive research area in antidepressant therapies. The aim of the present study is to comprehensively review neurological evidences demonstrating the efficacy of phytochemicals in depression. For this purpose, electronic databases were searched to collect all data on the antidepressant mechanisms of phytochemicals from 1966 up to 2015. Plant metabolites from different categories including polyphenols (flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignanes, coumarins), alkaloids, terpenes and terpenoids, saponins and sapogenins, amines, and carbohydrates were found to possess antidepressant activity. Naringenin, quercetin derivatives, eugenol, piperine, diterpene alkaloids, berberine, hyperforin, riparin derivatives, ginsenosides, as well as β-carboline alkaloids are among the most relevant ones. Naringenin has represented its antidepressant effect by elevation of serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and glucocorticoid receptors. Piperine demonstrated inhibition of monoamine oxidase enzymes, elevation of brain 5-HT and BDNF levels, and modulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. The serotonergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic effect of berberine has been proven in several studies. Quercetin derivatives have revealed antidepressant potential via elevating pro-opiomelanocortin and neuroprotective properties, as well as reduction of proinflammatory cytokines. Assessing the structure-activity relationship of highly potent antidepressant phytochemicals is suggested to find future natural, semisynthetic, or synthetic antidepressants. Further clinical studies are also necessary for confirmation of natural antidepressant efficacy and completion of their safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marzieh Sarbandi Farahani
- 4Faculty of Pharmacy, Young Researchers & Elite Club, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 194193311, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- 3Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417653761, Iran
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Park SJ, Ahn YJ, Lee HE, Hong E, Ryu JH. Standardized Prunella vulgaris
var. lilacina
Extract Enhances Cognitive Performance in Normal Naive Mice. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1814-21. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Je Ahn
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Eun Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Hong
- Natraceutical & Functional Foods Center; CJ Foods R&D; Seoul 152-051 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-west Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
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Antidepressant-like effects of rosmarinic acid through mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor modulation. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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48
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Nie H, Peng Z, Lao N, Wang H, Chen Y, Fang Z, Hou W, Gao F, Li X, Xiong L, Tan Q. Rosmarinic acid ameliorates PTSD-like symptoms in a rat model and promotes cell proliferation in the hippocampus. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 51:16-22. [PMID: 24418162 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is an important component of Chinese herbal medicine treatments and has been demonstrated to exert therapeutic effects in mood disorders. The present study was designed to assess the effects of RA on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-like symptoms, hippocampal cell proliferation and phosphorylation extracellular regulated protein kinases (pERK1/2) expression. We found that administration of RA (10mg/kg) alleviated PTSD-like symptoms in rats exposed to an enhanced single prolonged stress (ESPS) paradigm and restored hippocampal proliferation and pERK1/2 expression. Interestingly, the effects of RA were inhibited by the blockage of the ERK signaling. These data support the use of RA for treating PTSD and indicate that the ERK1/2 signaling cascade may play a critical role in the therapeutic efficacy of RA in treating such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Nie
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhengwu Peng
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ning Lao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Huaning Wang
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yihuan Chen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zongping Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wugang Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Fang Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lize Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Qingrong Tan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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A review on bioactivities of perilla: progress in research on the functions of perilla as medicine and food. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:925342. [PMID: 24319488 PMCID: PMC3844277 DOI: 10.1155/2013/925342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Perilla is a useful pharmaceutical and food product and is empirically consumed by humans. However, its properties have not been evaluated extensively. In this review, we summarize the progress made in research, focusing on the bioactivities of perilla. There are many in vitro and animal studies on the cytostatic activity and antiallergic effects, respectively, of perilla and its constituents. However, its influence on humans remains unclear. Hence, investigating and clarifying the physiological effects of perilla and its constituents on humans are imperative in the future to adhere to the ideals of evidence-based medicine.
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Jin X, Liu P, Yang F, Zhang YH, Miao D. Rosmarinic acid ameliorates depressive-like behaviors in a rat model of CUS and Up-regulates BDNF levels in the hippocampus and hippocampal-derived astrocytes. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:1828-37. [PMID: 23756732 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA), a primary constituent of a Chinese herbal medicine, has been shown to have some therapeutic effects in an animal model of depression, but its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) for 21 days, and received RA for 14 days from the last week of CUS, then the behavioral changes, hippocampal pERK1/2 and BDNF levels were observed. Rats were further treated with U0126 (an ERK1/2 phosphorylation inhibitor) 30 min before RA treatment to assess the effects of RA and ERK1/2 signaling in depressive-like behavior and hippocampal BDNF levels. In addition, brains of newly born Sprague-Dawley rats were used to harvest and expand hippocampal astrocytes. Cells were exposed to different concentrations of RA (sham, 1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 μg/mL) or U0126 (2 μM as a final concentration) + RA (sham, 1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 μg/mL) for 48 h, and the pERK1/2 and BDNF levels were assessed by western and ELISA assays. RA administration (10 mg/kg daily) reversed depressive-like behaviors in rats exposed to a chronic unpredictable stress paradigm and restored pERK1/2 protein expression and hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Moreover, in vitro experiments revealed that 20 μg/mL RA increased pERK1/2 and BDNF levels in cultured astrocytes. Interestingly, the effects of RA were inhibited by U0126. RA might be a useful treatment for depression and the changes in ERK1/2 signaling and BDNF levels may play a critical role in the pharmacological action of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Jin
- Department of Psychology, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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