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Au TTD, Ho YL, Chang YS. Qualitative and quantitative analysis methods for quality control of rhubarb in Taiwan's markets. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1364460. [PMID: 38746013 PMCID: PMC11091417 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1364460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Rhubarb is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used to release heat and has cathartic effects. Official rhubarb in Taiwan Herbal Pharmacopeias 4th edition (THP 4th) and China Pharmacopeia 2020 (CP 2020) are the roots and rhizomes of Rheum palmatum L., Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf., and Rheum officinale Baill. However, the Rheum genus is a large genus with many different species, and owing to the similarity in appearance and taste with official rhubarb, there needs to be more clarity in the distinction between the species of rhubarb and their applications. Given the time-consuming and complicated extraction and chromatography methods outlined in pharmacopeias, we improved the qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis methods for rhubarb in the market. Hence, we applied our method to identify the species and quality of official and unofficial rhubarb. Method: We analyzed 21 rhubarb samples from the Taiwanese market using a proposed HPLC-based extraction and qualitative analysis employing eight markers: aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, rhapontigenin, rhaponticin, and resveratrol. Additionally, we developed a TLC method for the analysis of rhubarb. KEGG pathway analysis was used to clarify the phytochemical and pharmacological knowledge of official and unofficial rhubarb. Results: Rhein and rhapontigenin emerged as key markers to differentiate official and unofficial rhubarb. Rhapontigenin is abundant in unofficial rhubarb; however, rhein content was low. In contrast, their contents in official rhubarb were opposite to their contents in unofficial rhubarb. The TLC analysis used rhein and rhapontigenin to identify rhubarb in Taiwan's markets, whereas the KEGG pathway analysis revealed that anthraquinones and stilbenes affected different pathways. Discussion: Eight reference standards were used in this study to propose a quality control method for rhubarb in Taiwanese markets. We propose a rapid extraction method and quantitative analysis of rhubarb to differentiate between official and unofficial rhubarb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Thuy-Dung Au
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Ho
- Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Shiun Chang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Kuboyama T, Hotta K, Asanuma M, Ge YW, Toume K, Yamazaki T, Komatsu K. Quality assessment of Rheum species cultivated in Japan by focusing on M2 polarization of microglia. J Nat Med 2023; 77:699-711. [PMID: 37347410 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
In traditional Japanese medicine, Rhei Rhizoma is used as a purgative, blood stasis-resolving and antipsychotic drug. The latter two properties are possibly related to anti-inflammatory effects. Microglia regulate inflammation in the central nervous system. M1 microglia induce inflammation, while M2 microglia inhibit inflammation and show neurotrophic effects. This study investigated the effects from water extracts of roots of cultivated Rheum species in Nagano Prefecture, Japan (strain C, a related strain to a Japanese cultivar, 'Shinshu-Daio'; and strain 29, a Chinese strain) and 3 kinds of Rhei Rhizoma available in the Japanese market, and also examined their constituents on the polarization of cultured microglia. All extracts significantly decreased M1 microglia, and strains C and 29 significantly increased M2 microglia. Furthermore, the extracts of both strains significantly increased the M2/M1 ratio. Among the constituents of Rhei Rhizoma, ( +)-catechin (2), resveratrol 4'-O-β-D-(6″-O-galloyl) glucopyranoside (5), isolindleyin (8), and physcion (15) significantly increased the M2/M1 ratio. The contents of the constituents in water extract of each strain were quantified using HPLC. The extracts of strains C and 29 contained relatively large amounts of 2 and 5; and 2, 8, and 15, respectively. This study showed the water extracts of roots of cultivated Rheum strains in Japan had the effects of M2 polarization of microglia, suggesting that these strains become the candidate to develop anti-inflammatory Rhei Rhizoma. Moreover, the suitable chemical composition to possess anti-inflammatory activity in the brain was clarified for the future development of new type of Rhei Rhizoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoharu Kuboyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-Cho, Minami-Ku, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan.
| | - Kenichiro Hotta
- Section of Pharmacognosy, Division of Medicinal Resources, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mai Asanuma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan
| | - Yue-Wei Ge
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kazufumi Toume
- Section of Pharmacognosy, Division of Medicinal Resources, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takuma Yamazaki
- Pharmaceutical Affairs Division, Health and Welfare, Department of Nagano Prefecture, 692-2 Habashita, Minami-Nagano, Nagano, 380-8570, Japan
| | - Katsuko Komatsu
- Section of Pharmacognosy, Division of Medicinal Resources, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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Paul-Traversaz M, Umehara K, Watanabe K, Rachidi W, Sève M, Souard F. Kampo herbal ointments for skin wound healing. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1116260. [PMID: 36860294 PMCID: PMC9969195 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1116260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of skin wound healing problems is a public health issue in which traditional herbal medicines could play a determining role. Kampo medicine, with three traditionally used ointments, provides interesting solutions for these dermatological issues. These ointments named Shiunkō, Chuōkō, and Shinsen taitsukō all have in common a lipophilic base of sesame oil and beeswax from which herbal crude drugs are extracted according to several possible manufacturing protocols. This review article brings together existing data on metabolites involved in the complex wound healing process. Among them are representatives of the botanical genera Angelica, Lithospermum, Curcuma, Phellodendron, Paeonia, Rheum, Rehmannia, Scrophularia, or Cinnamomum. Kampo provides numerous metabolites of interest, whose content in crude drugs is very sensitive to different biotic and abiotic factors and to the different extraction protocols used for these ointments. If Kampo medicine is known for its singular standardization, ointments are not well known, and research on these lipophilic formulas has not been developed due to the analytical difficulties encountered in biological and metabolomic analysis. Further research considering the complexities of these unique herbal ointments could contribute to a rationalization of Kampo's therapeutic uses for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Paul-Traversaz
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, TIMC UMR 5525, EPSP, Grenoble, France,Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Kampo Natural Product Chemistry Laboratory, Yokohama, Japan,Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Japan,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, IRIG-BGE, Grenoble, France,*Correspondence: Manon Paul-Traversaz,
| | - Kaoru Umehara
- Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Kampo Natural Product Chemistry Laboratory, Yokohama, Japan,Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Walid Rachidi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, IRIG-BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Sève
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, TIMC UMR 5525, EPSP, Grenoble, France
| | - Florence Souard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, Grenoble, France,Univ. libre de Bruxelles, Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Brussels, Belgium
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Xin T, Li R, Lou Q, Lin Y, Liao H, Sun W, Guan M, Zhou J, Song J. Application of DNA barcoding to the entire traditional Chinese medicine industrial chain: A case study of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154375. [PMID: 35952576 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safety concerns, caused by complex and unpredictable adulterants, run through the entire industrial chain of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). However, the conventional circulation traceability system only focuses on a certain end or link at the back end of the TCM industrial chain, ignoring the integrity of the links cross the entire industrial chain and lacking traceability. In consequence, a strict and rational supervision system is urgently required for the entire industrial chain. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We hypothesize that DNA barcoding would be a suitable measure for the traceability of adulterants in the entire TCM industrial chain. METHODS In this study, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma was selected as a model to establish a traceability system for the entire TCM industrial chain. A total of 110 samples, including leaves, seeds, roots, decoction pieces, and traditional Chinese patent medicines (TCPMs), were collected upstream, midstream, and downstream of the entire industrial chain of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. The ndhF-rpl32 fragment rather than the universal DNA barcodes, which could not distinguish the three original species of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, was selected as a specific DNA barcode to evaluate the practical application of DNA barcoding in the chain. RESULTS The results showed that the ndhF-rpl32 fragment in all samples could be amplified and bi-directionally sequenced. Based on the standard operating procedures of DNA barcoding, the ndhF-rpl32 fragment clearly distinguished the seven Rheum species collected upstream of the entire industrial chain. For the samples collected midstream and downstream of the entire industrial chain, 25% of the 36 commercial decoction pieces samples were identified as adulterants, whereas the eight TCPM samples were all derived from genuine Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that DNA barcoding is a powerful and suitable technology that can be applied to trace TCMs in the entire industrial chain, thereby assuring clinical medication safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Xin
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ranjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; School of Life and Science, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Qian Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hai Liao
- School of Life and Science, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Meng Guan
- Sinopharm Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- School of Life and Science, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jingyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinghong 666100, China.
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Ethnobotanical Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Different Rheum Species (Polygonaceae): A Review. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1308:309-352. [PMID: 33861453 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64872-5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Today, there is an increased tendency to use herbal remedies. Rhubarb refers to several species of the genus Rheum L. in the Polygonaceae family. This species-rich genus is mainly distributed in Asian countries. Several medicinal effects have been attributed to the Rheum spp. in the traditional and modern medicine such as healing lungs, liver, kidney, womb and bladder diseases, cancer, diabetes, insect bites, relapsing fevers, diarrhea and constipation. Various in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies have investigated the therapeutic effect of extracts, fractions and pure compounds isolated from different species of this genus. Considering the positive findings, several pharmaceutical formulations containing rhubarb extract like capsules, drops, mouthwashes and different topical formulations are now present in the market. However, there are other traditional therapeutic effects of rhubarb that have not been studied yet and it is of great importance to perform confirmatory experiments or clinical investigations. The current review summarizes general information regarding botany, phytochemistry, ethnobotany and pharmacological aspects of Rheum spp. It is hoped that the present review could motivate subsequent research on the other medicinal properties of these plants that have been neglected until today.
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Clapa D, Borsai O, Hârța M, Bonta V, Szabo K, Coman V, Bobiș O. Micropropagation, Genetic Fidelity and Phenolic Compound Production of Rheum rhabarbarum L. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9050656. [PMID: 32456105 PMCID: PMC7284629 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An efficient micropropagation protocol for Rheum rhabarbarum L. was developed in this study. The in vitro rhubarb plants obtained in the multiplication stage (proliferation rate: 5.0 ± 0.5) were rooted in vitro (96% rooting percentage) and acclimatized ex vitro in floating perlite, with 90% acclimatization percentage. To assess the genetic fidelity between the mother plant and in vitro propagated plants, sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used. All banding profiles from the micropropagated plants were monomorphic and similar to those of the mother plant indicating 100% similarity. Regarding the polyphenolic profile, gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, chlorogenic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric and ferulic acid were present in different amounts (2.3-2690.3 μg g-1 dry plant), according to the extracted matrix. Aglicons and glycosides of different classes of flavonoids were also identified. The rhizome extracts (both from in vitro and field grown plants) contained resveratrol, a stilbene compound with high antioxidant properties, ranging between 229.4 to 371.7 μg g-1 plant. Our results suggest that in vitro propagation of Rheum rhabarbarum L. represents a reliable alternative to obtain a large number of true-to-type planting material with high bioactive compound content of this valuable nutritional and medicinal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doina Clapa
- Institute of Advanced Horticulture Research of Transylvania, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Mănăștur st. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Mănăștur st. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.H.); (V.B.); (K.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Orsolya Borsai
- AgroTransilvania Cluster, Dezmir, Crișeni FN, 407039 Cluj, Romania
- Correspondence: (O.B.); (O.B.); Tel.: +40264-596384 (O.B. & O.B.); Fax: +40264-593792 (O.B. & O.B.)
| | - Monica Hârța
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Mănăștur st. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.H.); (V.B.); (K.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Victoriţa Bonta
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Mănăștur st. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.H.); (V.B.); (K.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Katalin Szabo
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Mănăștur st. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.H.); (V.B.); (K.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Vasile Coman
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Mănăștur st. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.H.); (V.B.); (K.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Otilia Bobiș
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Mănăștur st. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.H.); (V.B.); (K.S.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: (O.B.); (O.B.); Tel.: +40264-596384 (O.B. & O.B.); Fax: +40264-593792 (O.B. & O.B.)
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Genetic polymorphism of Japanese cultivated Rheum species in the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. J Nat Med 2019; 73:541-554. [PMID: 30953225 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-019-01298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop new domestic production of Rhei Rhizoma (RR) from Rheum specimens cultivated in the Sugadaira Medicinal Plant Cultivation Test Field (SMPCF), the ITS sequences of 12 SMPCF specimens and Chinese Rheum specimens of four species, as well as RR samples produced in North Korea, China and Japan, were determined by subcloning and their sequences were compared. As the ITS sequences of 10 SMPCF specimens showed significant intra-individual polymorphism, identification of pseudogenes was conducted by detecting the three motifs of the 5.8S sequence and the stability of the 5.8S secondary structure. Approximately 46% of sequences obtained from the SMPCF specimens were putative pseudogenes. The maximum likelihood tree based on ITS sequences showed three main groups-the outer group and inner clusters I and II; clones from 10 SMPCF specimens including putative pseudogenes belonged to the outer group. Cluster I was composed of two clades, one including clones from R. officinale specimens and R. palmatum-derived samples with matK genotype Rp9, and another including clones from R. coreanum-derived samples. Cluster II consisted of three clades, one including clones from R. palmatum specimens with genotype Rp5, another including clones mainly from R. tanguticum specimens with genotype Rt4, and the third including clones from R. palmatum or R. tanguticum specimens with various matK genotypes. Clones from SMPCF specimen RC5 showed a close relationship with those from R. tanguticum specimens with matK genotype Rt4, whereas those from specimen RC9 related to R. coreanum-derived samples. As a result, specimens RC5 and RC9 were considered as candidates for the development of domestic RR.
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Comparative Chloroplast Genome Analysis of Rhubarb Botanical Origins and the Development of Specific Identification Markers. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112811. [PMID: 30380708 PMCID: PMC6278470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhubarb is an important ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine known as Rhei radix et rhizome. However, this common name refers to three different botanical species with different pharmacological effects. To facilitate the genetic identification of these three species for their more precise application in Chinese medicine we here want to provide chloroplast sequences with specific identification sites that are easy to amplify. We therefore sequenced the complete chloroplast genomes of all three species and then screened those for suitable sequences describing the three species. The length of the three chloroplast genomes ranged from 161,053 bp to 161,541 bp, with a total of 131 encoded genes including 31 tRNA, eight rRNA and 92 protein-coding sequences. The simple repeat sequence analysis indicated the differences existed in these species, phylogenetic analyses showed the chloroplast genome can be used as an ultra-barcode to distinguish the three botanical species of rhubarb, the variation of the non-coding regions is higher than that of the protein coding regions, and the variations in single-copy region are higher than that in inverted repeat. Twenty-one specific primer pairs were designed and eight specific identification sites were experimentally confirmed that can be used as special DNA barcodes for the identification of the three species based on the highly variable regions. This study provides a molecular basis for precise medicinal plant selection, and supplies the groundwork for the next investigation of the closely related Rheum species comparing and correctly identification on these important medicinal species.
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Sun J, Wu Y, Dong S, Li X, Gao W. Influence of the drying method on the bioactive compounds and pharmacological activities of rhubarb. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:3551-3562. [PMID: 29315599 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raw rhubarb samples that have been subjected to different drying procedures will have different therapeutic effects, possibly due to processing-induced variations in the chemical composition. In the present work, the fresh materials were processed by smoking, sun-drying, shade-drying and oven-drying at low, moderate and high temperatures. To facilitate the selection of a suitable drying method for rhubarb, the quality of rhubarb processed under various drying conditions was evaluated based on the simultaneous determination of multiple bioactive constituents in combination with bioactivity assays. RESULTS The total concentrations of 12 compounds in smoked rhubarb were higher than the concentrations of the same components in raw rhubarb and rhubarb products processed using other drying techniques. Smoked rhubarb was found to substantially inhibit Na+ /K+ -ATPase and thrombin. In addition, higher content of anthraquinones led to higher Na+ /K+ -ATPase inhibitory activities, and higher gallic acid content increased the antithrombin capacity. CONCLUSION The results confirmed that post-harvest fresh plant materials, especially roots, were still physiologically active organs that could undergo series of anti-dehydration mechanisms, including the production of related secondary metabolites during the early stages of dehydration. Therefore, the proper design of drying processes could enhance the quality of rhubarb as well as other similar medicinal plants. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Sun
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, PR China
| | - Yueting Wu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, PR China
| | - Shengjie Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, PR China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
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Sun J, Wu Y, Dong S, Li X, Gao W. Quantitative studies of rhubarb using quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker and response surface methodology. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3792-3800. [PMID: 28748568 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a novel approach to evaluate the contents of bioactive components in rhubarb. The present method was based on the quantitative analysis of multicomponents by a single-marker and response surface methodology approaches. The quantitative analysis of multicomponents by a single-marker method based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection was developed and applied to determine the contents of 12 bioactive components in rhubarb. No significant differences were found in the results from the quantitative analysis of multicomponents by a single-marker and the external standard method. In order to maximize the extraction of 12 bioactive compounds in rhubarb, the ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions were obtained by the response surface methodology coupled with Box-Behnken design. According to the obtained results, we showed that the optimal conditions would be as follows: proportion of ethanol/water 74.39%, solvent-to-solid ratio 24.07:1 v/w, extraction time 51.13 min, and extraction temperature 63.61°C. The analytical scheme established in this research should be a reliable, convenient, and appropriate method for quantitative determination of bioactive compounds in rhubarb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Sun
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yueting Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Shengjie Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Rodríguez-Archilla A, Raissouni T. Randomized clinical trial of the effectiveness of complementary therapies for recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Med Clin (Barc) 2017; 149:55-60. [PMID: 28238332 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2016.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Despite the high prevalence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), its etiology is not yet completely clear and there is no completely remedial treatment available at present. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of 4 treatments (silver nitrate, propolis, rhubarb and walnut) for RAS. PATIENTS AND METHOD A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 125 patients with minor aphthae, including 25 patients per group: cauterization with silver nitrate, propolis, rhubarb extract, walnut extract and placebo. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS No patient reported adverse effects related to the treatment received. There were significant (P<.001) differences in the time elapsed until symptom resolution. The fastest treatment was silver nitrate (1.16 days), followed by the 3 alternative treatments (1.60 days with propolis, 1.84 with rhubarb and 2.00 with walnut; with no differences between them), and finally the placebo (4.64 days). The mean healing time of the lesions was statistically higher (8.96 days) for the placebo than for the 4 treatments: silver nitrate (7.32 days), propolis (6.80), rhubarb (7.72) and walnut (8.00).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarik Raissouni
- Centro Odontológico M'fedal Afailal Bab Okla, Tetuán, Marruecos
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Neamsuvan O, Phumchareon T, Bunphan W, Kaosaeng W. Plant materials for gastrointestinal diseases used in Chawang District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:179-187. [PMID: 27612434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Thailand, gastrointestinal diseases have occurred since the past, consequently healers know well how to use herbs for treatment. Currently, some groups of Thai people continue to be interested in treating diseases by herbs. Therefore, the aims of this study were to (1) compile a list of species of medicinal plants and their source, (2) document the diseases treated and their frequency of citation, (3) record the parts used, methods of preparation and route of administration of traditional medicines, and (4) compare the folk knowledge to that in other relevant reports. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten folk healers were included in the study. Semi-structured interviews were used to compile data, namely plant parts used, preparation, route of administration and properties. The data were analyzed by interpretation and descriptive statistics. RESULTS Sixty-two species in 28 families were identified. The most used plants (11 species) were grouped in Zingiberaceae. The highest level of relative frequency of citation (RFC) was found in Zingiber officinale Roscoe (1.0). Most plants were applied for treating constipation. Powder was the most common preparation form of folk drug. A total of 174 use lists were recorded, however, more than two thirds were reported as new uses in this study. CONCLUSION A literature review revealed that the remaining 37 species for pharmacological activities and 42 species for toxicity should be further studied to validate the folk use of these medicinal resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oratai Neamsuvan
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
| | - Thanchanok Phumchareon
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Wanisa Bunphan
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Wayanan Kaosaeng
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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Yan Y, Zhang Q, Feng F. HPLC-TOF-MS and HPLC-MS/MS combined with multivariate analysis for the characterization and discrimination of phenolic profiles in nonfumigated and sulfur-fumigated rhubarb. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2667-77. [PMID: 27173451 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur fumigation has recently been used during the postharvest handling of rhubarb to reduce the drying duration and control pests. However, a few reports question the effect of sulfur fumigation on the bioactive components of rhubarb, which is crucial for the quality evaluation of the herbal medicine. The bottleneck limiting the study comes from the complex compounds that exist in herb samples with diverse structural features, wide concentration range and the difficulty to obtain all the reference standards. In this study, an integrated strategy based on the highly effective separation and analysis by liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection and time-of-flight/triple-quadruple tandem mass spectrometry combined with multivariate analysis was established. 68 phenolic compounds that exist in nonfumigated and sulfur-fumigated herb samples of rhubarb were tentatively assigned based on their retention behavior, UV spectra, accurate molecular weight, and mass spectral fragments. Qualitative and semiquantitative comparison revealed a serious reduction of the majority of phenolic compounds in sulfur-fumigated rhubarb. Furthermore, multivariate analysis was applied to holistically discriminate nonfumigated from sulfur-fumigated rhubarb and explore the characteristic chemical markers. The established approach was specific and rapid for characterizing and screening sulfur-fumigated rhubarb among commercial samples and could be applied for the quality assessment of other sulfur-fumigated herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Ge YW, Zhu S, Kazuma K, Wei SL, Yoshimatsu K, Komatsu K. Molecular ion index assisted comprehensive profiling of B-type oligomeric proanthocyanidins in rhubarb by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:3555-70. [PMID: 26931121 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are major anti-diarrhea constituents in rhubarb, one of the frequently used traditional medicines. However, the phytochemical investigation of PAs in rhubarb was hampered by their strenuous purification and identification. In the present study, aiming to clarify the distribution of PAs in different rhubarb species, a molecular ion index was priorly established according to the structural features of B-type PAs, which led to a series of targeted discovery of oligomeric PAs in rhubarb by the HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method. Totally, 66 oligomeric PAs including 27 dimers, 29 trimers, and 10 tetramers were tentatively identified on the basis of their MS/MS spectra from 28 rhubarb samples derived from 5 Rheum species as R. palmatum, R. tanguticum, R. officinale, R. coreanum, and R. laciniatum. It is noteworthy that 6 propelargonidins, 14 prodelphinidins, and 10 procyanidin-tetramers were identified from rhubarb for the first time. The profiling comparison of these oligomeric PAs in different rhubarb samples was achieved by visualizing their abundance in a heat map, which indicated the dominant PAs in rhubarb were procyanidin-dimer and its galloylated derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Wei Ge
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shu Zhu
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kohei Kazuma
- Division of Kampo-Pharmaceutics, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Sheng-Li Wei
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kayo Yoshimatsu
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Asagi Saito, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Katsuko Komatsu
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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15
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Piceatannol derivatives from Rheum austral D. Don and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Wang Z, Ma P, Xu L, He C, Peng Y, Xiao P. Evaluation of the content variation of anthraquinone glycosides in rhubarb by UPLC-PDA. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:170. [PMID: 24160332 PMCID: PMC3854541 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rhubarb is an important Chinese medicinal herb with a long history of over 2000 years and has been commonly used as a laxative. It is the radix and rhizome of Rheum officinale Baill., R. palmatum L. and R. tanguticum Maxim, all of which are mainly distributed in a broad region in the Tibetan plateau. Anthraquinone glycosides are a series of major active ingredients found in all three species. They are key intermediates in the anthraquinone secondary metabolism and the sennnoside biosynthesis. The variation of the anthraquinone glycoside content in rhubarb in response to specific factors remains an attractive topic. Results A simple and sensitive Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photo-Diode Array (UPLC-PDA) detector was developed for the simultaneous determination of six anthraquinone glycosides in rhubarb, i.e., aloeemodin-8-O-glucoside, rhein-8-O-glucoside, chrysophanol-1-O-glucoside, emodin-1-O-glucoside, chrysophanol-8-O-glucoside, emodin-8-O-glucoside. Twenty-seven batches from three species were submitted to the multi-component analysis. The results showed that the anthraquinone glycoside content varied significantly even within the same species. The results showed that the anthraquinone glycoside content varied significantly within the same species but not between different species. The PCA and content analysis results confirmed that the plant species has no obvious effect on the content variation. Neither was any significant correlation observed between the anthraquinone glycoside content and the geographic distribution of the rhubarb. Through correlational analysis, altitude was found to be the main factor that affects the anthraquinone glycoside content in rhubarb. Rhubarb grown at higher altitude has higher anthraquinone glycoside content. Conclusions This work provides a rapid, sensitive and accurate UPLC-PDA method for the simultaneous determination of six anthraquinone glycosides in rhubarb. The anthraquinone glycoside content varied significantly within the same species. The relationship of the anthraquinone glycoside content with plant species, geographic distribution and altitude were studied using correlational analysis, principal component analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis through SPSS and ArcGIS. Plant species and geographic distribution were found not to affect the content of the six anthraquinone glycosides in rhubarb. The variations in the anthraquinone glycoside content were primarily due to the different altitude where the plant was grown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pei Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 151 Malianwa North Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic China.
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Song GC, Ryu SY, Kim YS, Lee JY, Choi JS, Ryu CM. Elicitation of induced resistance against Pectobacterium carotovorum and Pseudomonas syringae by specific individual compounds derived from native Korean plant species. Molecules 2013; 18:12877-95. [PMID: 24135942 PMCID: PMC6269703 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181012877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have developed general and specific defense mechanisms for protection against various enemies. Among the general defenses, induced resistance has distinct characteristics, such as broad-spectrum resistance and long-lasting effectiveness. This study evaluated over 500 specific chemical compounds derived from native Korean plant species to determine whether they triggered induced resistance against Pectobacterium carotovorum supsp. carotovorum (Pcc) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) in Arabidopsis thaliana. To select target compound(s) with direct and indirect (volatile) effects, a new Petri-dish-based in vitro disease assay system with four compartments was developed. The screening assay showed that capsaicin, fisetin hydrate, jaceosidin, and farnesiferol A reduced the disease severity significantly in tobacco. Of these four compounds, capsaicin and jaceosidin induced resistance against Pcc and Pst, which depended on both salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling, using Arabidopsis transgenic and mutant lines, including npr1 and NahG for SA signaling and jar1 for JA signaling. The upregulation of the PR2 and PDF1.2 genes after Pst challenge with capsaicin pre-treatment indicated that SA and JA signaling were primed. These results demonstrate that capsaicin and jaceosidin can be effective triggers of strong induced resistance against both necrotrophic and biotrophic plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Cheol Song
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Superbacteria Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; E-Mail:
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, School of Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
| | - Shi Yong Ryu
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Bos 107, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-600, Korea; E-Mails: (S.Y.R.); (Y.S.K.); (J.Y.L.); (J.S.C.)
| | - Young Sup Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Bos 107, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-600, Korea; E-Mails: (S.Y.R.); (Y.S.K.); (J.Y.L.); (J.S.C.)
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Bos 107, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-600, Korea; E-Mails: (S.Y.R.); (Y.S.K.); (J.Y.L.); (J.S.C.)
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Jung Sup Choi
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Bos 107, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-600, Korea; E-Mails: (S.Y.R.); (Y.S.K.); (J.Y.L.); (J.S.C.)
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Superbacteria Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; E-Mail:
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, School of Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
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Tseng YJ, Kuo CT, Wang SY, Liao HW, Chen GY, Ku YL, Shao WC, Kuo CH. Metabolomic characterization of rhubarb species by capillary electrophoresis and ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2918-27. [PMID: 23580246 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study developed CE and ultra-high-pressure LC (UHPLC) methods coupled with UV detectors to characterize the metabolomic profiles of different rhubarb species. The optimal CE conditions used a BGE with 15 mM sodium tetraborate, 15 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate, 30 mM sodium deoxycholate, and 30% ACN v/v at pH 8.3. The optimal UHPLC conditions used a mobile phase composed of 0.05% phosphate buffer and ACN with gradient elution. The gradient profile increased linearly from 10 to 21% ACN within the first 25 min, then increased to 33% ACN for the next 10 min. It took another 5 min to reach the 65% ACN, then for the next 5 min, it stayed unchanged. Sixteen samples of Rheum officinale and Rheum tanguticum collected from various locations were analyzed by CE and UHPLC methods. The metabolite profiles of CE were aligned and baseline corrected before chemometric analysis. Metabolomic signatures of rhubarb species from CE and UHPLC were clustered using principle component analysis and distance-based redundancy analysis; the clusters were not only able to discriminate different species but also different cultivation regions. Similarity measurements were performed by calculating the correlation coefficient of each sample with the authentic samples. Hybrid rhizome was clearly identified through similarity measurement of UHPLC metabolite profile and later confirmed by gene sequencing. The present study demonstrated that CE and UHPLC are efficient and effective tools to identify and authenticate herbs even coupled with simple detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Jane Tseng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronic and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
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Barros-Filho BA, de Oliveira MCF, Mafezoli J, Barbosa FG, Rodrigues-Filho E. Secondary Metabolite Production by the Basidiomycete, Lentinus strigellus, under Different Culture Conditions. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200700620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The basidiomycete Lentinus strigellus was cultivated in three different culture media and the secondary metabolites produced under different culture conditions were isolated and identified. When cultivated in a liquid medium with peptone, L. strigellus afforded the benzopyrans, 2,2-dimethyl-6-methoxychroman-4-one, 4-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-methoxychromane and (3 R,4 S)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-methoxychromane. The indole alkaloid echinuline and the anthraquinone fiscione, both unprecedented for the genus Lentinus, were isolated from the mycelium of the fungus. When cultured in Czapek medium enriched with potato broth, the fungus afforded the same benzopyrans except (3 S,4 S)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-methoxychromane. Panepoxydone and isopanepoxydone were also isolated when the microorganism was grown in Czapek medium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria C. F. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Caixa Postal 6044, Fortaleza-CE, 60455-970, Brazil
| | - Jair Mafezoli
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Caixa Postal 6044, Fortaleza-CE, 60455-970, Brazil
| | - Francisco G. Barbosa
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Caixa Postal 6044, Fortaleza-CE, 60455-970, Brazil
| | - Edson Rodrigues-Filho
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, Caixa Postal 676, São Carlos-SP, 13565-905, Brazil
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Rokaya MB, Maršík P, Münzbergová Z. Active constituents in Rheum acuminatum and Rheum australe (Polygonaceae) roots: A variation between cultivated and naturally growing plants. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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21
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Ma J, Qi LW, Li HJ, Li P. A segmental monitoring strategy based on variable wavelength detection for quality control of three Polygonaceae herbs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 62:155-61. [PMID: 22321958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Radix Polygoni Multiflori, Rhizoma et Radix Polygoni Cuspidati, and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei are the most frequently used traditional Chinese medicines in the family Polygonaceae. The three herbal medicines (HMs) contain similar types of compounds. In Chinese Pharmacopoeia, five high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with ultraviolet (UV) detection methods have been employed for their quality control. The aim of this study was to develop a simple and conventional strategy, segmental monitoring based on variable wavelength detection (VWD), for simultaneous quantification of phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes and anthraquinones in the three chemically analogous HMs. Compared with the commonly used HPLC-diode array detection (DAD), the proposed method afforded desirable performance on linearity, precision and sensitivity. Additionally, a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS) was applied to the structural confirmation of analytes from complex matrices. Based on the chemical profiles and contents of the analyses, 27 samples from three HMs were well classified using the principal component analysis. The results of this study demonstrated the potential and applicability of segmental monitoring strategy based on VWD for comprehensive quality control of HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), Nanjing 210009, China
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Qin F, Huang J, Huang X, Ren P. SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION AND PHARMACOKINETIC COMPARISONS OF ALOE-EMODIN, RHEIN, EMODIN, AND CHRYSOPHANOL AFTER ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF THESE MONOMERS, RHEI RHIZOMA AND CHAIQIN-CHENGQI-TANG, TO RATS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.572211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qin
- a Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Huang
- b Key Unit of Traditional Chinese Medicine Gan of SATCM, Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Xi Huang
- a Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
- b Key Unit of Traditional Chinese Medicine Gan of SATCM, Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Ping Ren
- b Key Unit of Traditional Chinese Medicine Gan of SATCM, Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha, China
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Hu Y, Wang L, Xie X, Yang J, Li Y, Zhang H. Genetic diversity of wild populations of Rheum tanguticum endemic to China as revealed by ISSR analysis. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Serrano J, Puupponen-Pimiä R, Dauer A, Aura AM, Saura-Calixto F. Tannins: current knowledge of food sources, intake, bioavailability and biological effects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53 Suppl 2:S310-29. [PMID: 19437486 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tannins are a unique group of phenolic metabolites with molecular weights between 500 and 30 000 Da, which are widely distributed in almost all plant foods and beverages. Proanthocyanidins and hydrolysable tannins are the two major groups of these bioactive compounds, but complex tannins containing structural elements of both groups and specific tannins in marine brown algae have also been described. Most literature data on food tannins refer only to oligomeric compounds that are extracted with aqueous-organic solvents, but a significant number of non-extractable tannins are usually not mentioned in the literature. The biological effects of tannins usually depend on their grade of polymerisation and solubility. Highly polymerised tannins exhibit low bioaccessibility in the small intestine and low fermentability by colonic microflora. This review summarises a new approach to analysis of extractable and non-extractable tannins, major food sources, and effects of storage and processing on tannin content and bioavailability. Biological properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral effects are also described. In addition, the role of tannins in diabetes mellitus has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Serrano
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Depto. Nutrición y Bromatología I, Madrid, Spain
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Godard S, Slacanin I, Viret O, Gindro K. Induction of defence mechanisms in grapevine leaves by emodin- and anthraquinone-rich plant extracts and their conferred resistance to downy mildew. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2009; 47:827-37. [PMID: 19447634 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The ability of two plant extracts, Rheum palmatum root extract (RPRE) and Frangula alnus bark extract (FABE), to protect Vitis vinifera leaves from Plasmopara viticola infection was evaluated. These natural products are toxic to the pathogen and induce defence reactions in a susceptible cultivar of V. vinifera (V. vinifera cv. Chasselas), including stilbenic phytoalexin accumulation, enhanced peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) activity, and a hypersensitive reaction. Inhibition of the first stage of biotrophic hyphal development of P. Viticola by the two plant extracts was observed. HPLC-DAD-MS analysis showed that these two natural extracts contain many phenolic compounds belonging to the anthraquinone family, such as rhein, frangulin A, emodin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion. Emodin alone is able to impair P. viticola development and to stimulate viniferins and the accumulation of pterostilbene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Godard
- Swiss Federal Research Station Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil, Route de Duillier, P.O. Box 1012, CH-1260 Nyon, Switzerland.
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