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Zheng M, Zhang B, Yau SSY, So KF, Zhang L, Ou H. Exercise preconditioning alleviates ischemia-induced memory deficits by increasing circulating adiponectin. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1445-1454. [PMID: 39075911 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202505000-00027/figure1/v/2024-07-28T173839Z/r/image-tiff Cerebral ischemia is a major health risk that requires preventive approaches in addition to drug therapy. Physical exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, and has been widely used for functional rehabilitation after stroke. In this study, we determined whether exercise training before disease onset can alleviate the severity of cerebral ischemia. We also examined the role of exercise-induced circulating factors in these effects. Adult mice were subjected to 14 days of treadmill exercise training before surgery for middle cerebral artery occlusion. We found that this exercise pre-conditioning strategy effectively attenuated brain infarct area, inhibited gliogenesis, protected synaptic proteins, and improved novel object and spatial memory function. Further analysis showed that circulating adiponectin plays a critical role in these preventive effects of exercise. Agonist activation of adiponectin receptors by AdipoRon mimicked the effects of exercise, while inhibiting receptor activation abolished the exercise effects. In summary, our results suggest a crucial role of circulating adiponectin in the effects of exercise pre-conditioning in protecting against cerebral ischemia and supporting the health benefits of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifeng Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Borui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sonata S Y Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Center for Exercise and Brain Science, School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Center for Exercise and Brain Science, School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haining Ou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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2
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Maylem ERS, Schütz LF, Spicer LJ. The role of asprosin in regulating ovarian granulosa- and theca-cell steroidogenesis: a review with comparisons to other adipokines. Reprod Fertil Dev 2024; 36:RD24027. [PMID: 39074236 DOI: 10.1071/rd24027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissues produce a variety of biologically active compounds, including cytokines, growth factors and adipokines. Adipokines are important as they function as endocrine hormones that are related to various metabolic and reproductive diseases. The goal of this review was to summarise the role of asprosin, a recently discovered adipokine, and compare its role in ovarian steroidogenesis with that of other adipokines including adiponectin, leptin, resistin, apelin, visfatin, chemerin, irisin, and gremlin 1. The summary of concentrations of these adipokines in humans, rats and other animals will help researchers identify appropriate doses to test in future studies. Review of the literature indicated that asprosin increases androstenedione production in theca cells (Tc), and when cotreated with FSH increases oestradiol production in granulosa cells (Gc). In comparison, other adipokines (1) stimulate Gc oestradiol production but inhibit Tc androgen production (adiponectin), (2) inhibit Gc oestradiol production and Tc androstenedione production (leptin and chemerin), (3) inhibit Gc steroidogenesis with no effect on Tc (resistin), (4) inhibit Gc oestradiol production but stimulate Tc androgen production (gremlin 1), and (5) increase steroid secretion by Gc, with unknown effects on Tc steroidogenesis (apelin and visfatin). Irisin has direct effects on Gc but its precise role (inhibitory or stimulatory) may be species dependent and its effects on Tc will require additional research. Thus, most adipokines have direct effects (either positive or negative) on steroid production in ovarian cells, but how they all work together to create a cumulative effect or disease will require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Excel Rio S Maylem
- Philippine Carabao Center, National Headquarters and Gene Pool, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
| | - Luis Fernando Schütz
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Leon J Spicer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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3
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Hyun Boo K, Woo Kim J, Song M. Isolation and purification of high molecular weight adiponectin from human plasma fraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1238:124111. [PMID: 38603890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Adiponectin, a crucial protein hormone originating from adipose tissue, regulates key metabolic processes, including lipid metabolism, mitochondrial activity, and insulin sensitivity. These pleiotropic roles of adiponectin, along with its inverse correlation with metabolic disorders such as obesity, type II diabetes, and atherosclerosis, establish this protein as a potential therapeutic target. However, due to this complexity, challenges have arisen in its production with a natural conformation in bacterial or mammalian expression systems, hindering clinical translation. Furthermore, while inducers for adiponectin secretion or chemical agonists targeting adiponectin receptors have shown promise in laboratory settings, clinical studies with these agents have not yet been conducted. This study proposes a method for isolating and purifying natural high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin from discarded plasma fractions during the conventional pharmaceutical protein manufacturing process. The process involved Cohn-Oncley fractionation, initial chromatography using reduced cellufine formyl, and subsequent purification via DEAE Sepharose chromatography. Characterization involved gel electrophoresis and biological assays on a hepatocyte cell-line. The purification process effectively captured adiponectin from the I + III paste, demonstrating that this fraction contained a significant portion of total plasma adiponectin. The two-step chromatography led to highly purified HMW adiponectin, confirmed by native-PAGE showing a 780 kDa multimeric complex. Biological assessments demonstrated normal downstream signaling, with HMW adiponectin inducing AMPK phosphorylation. This study demonstrates the feasibility of obtaining purified HMW adiponectin by repurposing plasma fractionation processes. It offers a promising avenue for the HMW adiponectin production, tapping into HMW adiponectin's therapeutic potential against metabolic disorders while optimizing plasma resource utilization in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hyun Boo
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; ECO lab, SK plasma, Seongnam 13494, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Song
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Sato S. Adipo-oncology: adipocyte-derived factors govern engraftment, survival, and progression of metastatic cancers. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:52. [PMID: 38238841 PMCID: PMC10797898 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional therapies for metastatic cancers have limited efficacy. Recently, cancer therapies targeting noncancerous cells in tumor microenvironments have shown improved clinical outcomes in patients. However, further advances in our understanding of the metastatic tumor microenvironment are required to improve treatment outcomes. Adipocytes are distributed throughout the body, and as a part of the metastatic tumor microenvironment, they interact with cancer cells in almost all organs. Adipocytes secrete various factors that are reported to exert clinical effects on cancer progression, including engraftment, survival, and expansion at the metastatic sites. However, only a few studies have comprehensively examined their impact on cancer cells. In this review, we examined the impact of adipocytes on cancer by describing the adipocyte-secreted factors that are involved in controlling metastatic cancer, focusing on adipokines, such as adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, chemerin, resistin, apelin, and omentin. Adipocyte-secreted factors promote cancer metastasis and contribute to various biological functions of cancer cells, including migration, invasion, proliferation, immune evasion, and drug resistance at the metastatic sites. We propose the establishment and expansion of "adipo-oncology" as a research field to enhance the comprehensive understanding of the role of adipocytes in metastatic cancers and the development of more robust metastatic cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Sato
- Morphological Analysis Laboratory, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan.
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan.
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, 2-3-2, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan.
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5
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Tan L, Yan W, Yang W, Kamionka A, Lipowski M, Zhao Z, Zhao G. Effect of exercise on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 2023; 183:112310. [PMID: 37844768 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Postmenopausal women affected by overweight and obesity are susceptible to a variety of diseases due to inflammation. Exercise may reduce the risk of disease by attenuating low-grade chronic inflammation. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of exercise on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women struggling with overweight and obesity. METHOD Literature as of May 2023 was searched from databases such as Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, and EBSCO and English-language randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that meet the inclusion criteria were selected. Studies were included based on the following criteria: (A) Written in English; (B) RCTs; (C) Postmenopausal women impacted by overweight and obesity as research objects; (D) Outcome measurements include CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and adiponectin; (E) Duration of the exercise intervention is eight weeks. RESULTS A total of 34 articles and 2229 participants were included. Exercise can significantly reduce the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) (MD: -0.59, 95 % CI: -0.87 to -0.31, p < 0.00001), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (MD: -0.65, 95 % CI: -0.94 to -0.35, p < 0.00001), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (MD: -0.48, 95 % CI: -0.75 to -0.21, p < 0.00001), and exercise can significantly increase the level of adiponectin (MD: 0.33, 95 % CI: 0.02 to 0.65, p = 0.04) in women impacted by overweight and obesity. CONCLUSION These results suggest that exercise may be an effective intervention for reducing pro-inflammatory markers and increasing adiponectin in postmenopausal women impacted by overweight and obesity. The findings may provide clinicians and healthcare professionals with insights into the implementation of exercise programs for postmenopausal women living with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tan
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; Changsha Commerce & Tourism College, 410116, Changsha, China.
| | - Weihua Yan
- School of Management, Beijing Sport University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Weilin Yang
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Agata Kamionka
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Lipowski
- Faculty of Social and Humanities, University WSB Merito, 80-266 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Zijian Zhao
- Physical Education Institute (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Gang Zhao
- Changsha Commerce & Tourism College, 410116, Changsha, China.
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Zhao X, Liu X, Wu X, Fu P, Zhang X, Zhou M, Hao Y, Xu B, Yan L, Xiao J, Li X, Lv L, Yang H, Liu Z, Yang C, Wang X, Liao J, Jiang X, Zhang B, Li J. Associations between changes of smartphone pedometer-assessed step counts and levels of obesity-related breast cancer biomarkers in non-cancer women: A population-based observational study. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:937-946. [PMID: 37598352 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2249754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
While a higher level of physical activity (PA) is inversely associated with a higher breast cancer (BC) risk, the health benefits of daily steps on obesity-related BC biomarkers remain unclear. We aimed to understand the associations of changes in step counts with levels of five obesity-related BC biomarkers during a two-year follow-up. In total, 144 non-cancer women (47.96 ± 5.72) were observed on both 2019 and 2021. A structured questionnaire, daily steps and fasting blood samples were collected before (t0, 2019) and after (t1, 2021). Levels of biomarkers (IGF-binding proteins 3, adiponectin, soluble leptin receptor, C-reactive protein, and resistin) were assayed by ELISA. Participants were divided into persistent low steps, decreasing steps, increasing steps, and persistent high steps. Associations of categories on proposed biomarkers were estimated using linear regression models, with persistent low steps as reference. Associations between time-varying step counts with biomarkers were quantified using mixed linear models. Compared with persistent low steps, increasing steps is associated with a reduction in C-reactive protein level (β=-0.74, 95%CI=-1.23--0.26, P-value = 2.98 × 10-3). An inverse association between time-varying step counts with C-reactive protein level was identified, consistent across different obesity types and baseline step level categories. No association with daily step counts was observed for other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Chengdu Shuangliu District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueyao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Chengdu Shuangliu District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research & Management, The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Chengdu Shuangliu District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Hao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lanping Yan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Chengdu Shuangliu District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinyu Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingyue Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huifang Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenmi Liu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaqiang Liao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ben Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Del Rosso S, Baraquet ML, Barale A, Defagó MD, Tortosa F, Perovic NR, Aoki MP. Long-term effects of different exercise training modes on cytokines and adipokines in individuals with overweight/obesity and cardiometabolic diseases: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13564. [PMID: 37040899 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the evidence on the effects of different long-term training interventions (aerobic [AeT], resistance [RT], and combined [COMB]) and spontaneous physical activity (PA) in modifying cytokines and adipokines in individuals with overweight or obesity with or without cardiometabolic diseases while considering potential confounders. Although exercise interventions have become a potentially effective tool for preventing and treating metabolic diseases, the evidence provided by previous systematic reviews is inconclusive since several potential confounders have yet to be addressed. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature search in Medline, Cochrane, and Embase databases from January 2000 to July 2022 and performed a meta-analysis. Inclusion criteria retrieved 106 full texts comprising 8,642 individuals with a range BMI of 25.1-43.8 kg m-2 . We found that independently of the training mode, exercise had a beneficial effect on diminishing Adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, IL-18, IL-20, Leptin, sICAM, and TNF-α levels circulating levels. Furthermore, by subsequent analysis, we detected differential effects of AeT, RT, and COMB, with sex, age, body composition, and trial length acting as moderators. The comparison of training modes revealed a difference favoring COMB over AeT for regulating the increase in CRP with no differences in the remaining biomarkers. Meta-regression analysis revealed an effect of change in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max ) on CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α, while IL-10 was influenced by the change in body fat. The results suggest that all interventions, except PA, are effective in lessening this population's inflammatory status, provided that exercise results in an increase of VO2max .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Del Rosso
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Humana, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Lucía Baraquet
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adrián Barale
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Humana, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Daniela Defagó
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernando Tortosa
- Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Nilda Raquel Perovic
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Humana, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Pilar Aoki
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Eglseer D, Traxler M, Embacher S, Reiter L, Schoufour JD, Weijs PJ, Voortman T, Boirie Y, Cruz-Jentoft A, Bauer S. Nutrition and exercise interventions to improve body composition for persons with overweight or obesity near retirement age: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:516-538. [PMID: 37028708 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The retirement phase is an opportunity to integrate healthy (nutrition/exercise) habits into daily life. We conducted this systematic review to assess which nutrition and exercise interventions most effectively improve body composition (fat/muscle mass), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in persons with obesity/overweight near retirement age (ages 55-70). We conducted a systematic review and network-meta-analysis (NMA) of randomised controlled trials, searching four databases from their inception up to 12 July 2022. The NMA was based on a random effects model, pooled mean differences, standardised mean differences, their 95% confidence intervals, and correlations with multi-arm studies. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. 92 studies were included, 66 of which with 4957 participants could be used for the NMA. Identified interventions were clustered into 12 groups: no intervention, energy restriction (i.e. 500-1000 kcal), energy restriction plus high protein (HP) intake (1.1-1.7 g/kg/body weight), intermittent fasting, mixed exercise (aerobic and resistance), resistance training (RT), aerobic training (AT), HP plus RT, energy restriction plus HP plus exercise, energy restriction plus RT, energy restriction plus AT, and energy restriction plus mixed exercise (ME). Intervention durations ranged from 8 weeks to 6 months. Body fat was reduced with energy restriction plus any exercise or plus HP intake. Energy restriction alone was less effective and tended to decrease muscle mass. Muscle mass was only significantly increased with ME. All other interventions including exercise effectively preserved muscle mass. A BMI and/or WC decrease was achieved with all interventions except AT/RT alone or RT plus HP. Overall, the most effective strategy for nearly all outcomes was combining energy restriction with RT or ME and HP. Healthcare professionals involved in the management of persons with obesity need to be aware that an energy-restricted diet alone may contribute to sarcopenic obesity in persons near retirement age. This network meta-analysis is registered at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/as CRD42021276465.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Eglseer
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Nursing Science, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Mariella Traxler
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Nursing Science, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Stefan Embacher
- Medical University of Graz, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036 Graz.
| | - Lea Reiter
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Nursing Science, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Josje D Schoufour
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Centre of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Dr. Meurerhuis, Dokter Meurerlaan 8, 1067 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Peter Jm Weijs
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Centre of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Dr. Meurerhuis, Dokter Meurerlaan 8, 1067 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, P.O. Box 176700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Yves Boirie
- University Clermont Auvergne, Human Nutrition Unit, INRA, CRNH Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Nutrition Department, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Alfonso Cruz-Jentoft
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Spain, Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, 28034 Madrid.
| | - Silvia Bauer
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Nursing Science, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Hepatokines and Adipokines in Metabolic Syndrome. ANNALS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (INDIA) 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractHepatokines and adipokines are secretory proteins derived from hepatocytes and adipocytes, respectively. These proteins play a main role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by obesity, dysglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Adipose tissue and liver are important endocrine organs because they regulate metabolic homeostasis as well as inflammation because they secrete adipokines and hepatokines, respectively. These adipokines and hepatokines communicate their action through different autocrine, paracrine and endocrine pathways. Liver regulates systemic homeostasis and also glucose and lipid metabolism through hepatokines. Dysregulation of hepatokines can lead to progression toward MetS, type 2 diabetes (T2D), inflammation, hypertension, and other diseases. Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic. Increasing cases of obesity and obesity-associated metabolic syndrome has brought the focus on understanding the biology of adipocytes and the mechanisms occurring in adipose tissue of obese individuals. A lot of facts are now available on adipose tissue as well. Adipose tissue is now given the status of an endocrine organ. Recent evidence indicates that obesity contributes to systemic metabolic dysfunction. Adipose tissue plays a significant role in systemic metabolism by communicating with other central and peripheral organs via the production and secretion of a group of proteins known as adipokines. Adipokine levels regulate metabolic state of our body and are potent enough to have a direct impact upon energy homeostasis and systemic metabolism. Dysregulation of adipokines contribute to obesity, T2D, hypertension and several other pathological changes in various organs. This makes characterization of hepatokines and adipokines extremely important to understand the pathogenesis of MetS. Hepatokines such as fetuin-A and leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2, and adipokines such as resistin, leptin, TNF-α, and adiponectin are some of the most studied proteins and they can modulate the manifestations of MetS. Detailed insight into the function and mechanism of these adipokines and hepatokines in the pathogenesis of MetS can show the path for devising better preventative and therapeutic strategies against this present-day pandemic.
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Khalafi M, Hossein Sakhaei M, Kheradmand S, Symonds ME, Rosenkranz SK. The impact of exercise and dietary interventions on circulating leptin and adiponectin in individuals who are overweight and those with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:128-146. [PMID: 36811585 PMCID: PMC10103003 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of exercise training (Ex), dietary interventions (DIs), and a combination of Ex and DI (Ex + DI) on leptin and adiponectin have been established. However, less is known regarding the comparisons of Ex with DI and of Ex + DI with either Ex or DI alone. The aim of the present meta-analysis is to compare the effects of Ex with those of DI and those of Ex + DI with those of either Ex or DI alone on circulating leptin and adiponectin in individuals who are overweight and those with obesity. PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE were searched to identify original articles, published through June 2022, that compared the effects of Ex with those of DI and/or the effects of Ex + DI with those of Ex and/or DI on leptin and adiponectin in individuals with BMIs (in kg/m2) of ≥25 and aged 7-70 y. Standardized mean differences (SMDs), weighted mean differences, and 95% CIs were calculated using random-effect models for outcomes. Forty-seven studies, comprising 3872 participants who were overweight and those with obesity, were included in the current meta-analysis. DI reduced the concentration of leptin (SMD: -0.30; P = 0.001) and increased the concentration of adiponectin (SMD: 0.23; P = 0.001) compared with Ex, as did Ex + DI (leptin: SMD: -0.34; P = 0.001; adiponectin: SMD: 0.37; P = 0.004) compared with Ex alone. However, Ex + DI did not affect the concentration of adiponectin (SMD: 0.10; P = 0.11) and led to inconsistent and nonsignificant changes in the concentration of leptin (SMD: -0.13; P = 0.06) compared with DI alone. Subgroup analyses showed that age, BMI, duration of intervention, type of supervision, quality of the study, and magnitude of energy restriction are sources of heterogeneity. Our results suggest that Ex alone was not as effective as DI or Ex + DI for decreasing leptin and increasing adiponectin in individuals with overweight and obesity. However, Ex + DI was not more effective than DI alone, suggesting that diet plays a critical role in beneficially altering the concentrations of leptin and adiponectin. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42021283532.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Sakhaei
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Kheradmand
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Centre for Perinatal Research, Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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Ryan AS, Li G. Adipose and Skeletal Muscle Expression of Adiponectin and Liver Receptor Homolog-1 With Weight Loss and Aerobic Exercise. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac095. [PMID: 35854979 PMCID: PMC9281870 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Adiponectin is an adipokine mainly secreted by adipocytes that regulates the metabolism of lipids and glucose. Liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1), also named NR5A2, is a nuclear receptor that regulates lipid metabolism and homeostasis. Objective The purpose of this study was to compare adiponectin and LRH-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in adipose tissue and LRH-1 expression in skeletal muscle between men and women at baseline and to study the effects of aerobic exercise (AEX) training or weight loss (WL) on their expression. Methods This hospital and university setting study included 62 overweight and obese men (n = 23) and women (n = 39) older than 45 years, of whom 41 completed 6 months of WL (n = 21) or AEX (n = 20). Outcomes included abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue and skeletal muscle gene expression. Results Adiponectin and LRH-1 mRNA expression in adipose tissue and LRH-1 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle is higher in women than in men (P < .05). Adiponectin mRNA expression in gluteal and abdominal adipose tissue did not change significantly after AEX or WL. LRH-1 mRNA expression increased both in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle after AEX (P < .05) and the change in muscle LRH-1 was different between the groups (P < .05). Adiponectin was positively correlated to LRH-1 in adipose tissue (P < .001). The change in maximal oxygen consumption related to the change in LRH-1 mRNA (r = 0.43; P = .01). Conclusion LRH-1, as a nuclear reporter, may activate adiponectin mRNA expression in adipose tissue and increases after AEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice S Ryan
- VA Research Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Guoyan Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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12
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Sweeney T, Ogunmoroti O, Ndumele CE, Zhao D, Varma B, Allison MA, Budoff MJ, Fashanu OE, Sharma A, Bertoni AG, Michos ED. Associations of adipokine levels with the prevalence and extent of valvular and thoracic aortic calcification: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Atherosclerosis 2021; 338:15-22. [PMID: 34785427 PMCID: PMC8665862 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Extra-coronary calcification (ECC) is a marker of atherosclerosis and independently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adipokines may mediate the effect of obesity on atherosclerosis. However, the relationship of adipokines with ECC is not well-established. We examined the associations of leptin, resistin and adiponectin with ECC in a diverse community-based cohort. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 1897 adults without clinical CVD in the MESA cohort. Serum adipokine levels and non-contrast cardiac CT scans were obtained at Exam 2 or 3 (randomly assigned). ECC was quantified by Agatston score and included calcification of the mitral annulus (MAC), aortic valve (AVC), ascending thoracic aorta (ATAC) and descending thoracic aorta (DTAC). We used multivariable regression to evaluate the associations between leptin, resistin and adiponectin [per 1 SD ln(adipokine] with ECC prevalence (score >0) and extent [ln(score+1)]. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 65 ± 10 years; 49% women. After adjusting for demographic factors, adiponectin was inversely associated with AVC prevalence and extent; leptin positively associated with MAC prevalence and extent; and resistin positively associated with ATAC prevalence and extent and DTAC extent. After adjustment for BMI and other CVD risk factors, adiponectin remained inversely associated with AVC prevalence, and resistin remained associated with greater ATAC prevalence and extent. Leptin was not associated with measures of ECC after full adjustment. No adipokine was associated with MAC after full adjustment. CONCLUSIONS We identified significant associations between select adipokines and specific markers of ECC. Adipokines may play a role in the development of systemic atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty Sweeney
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oluseye Ogunmoroti
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chiadi E Ndumele
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Di Zhao
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bhavya Varma
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew A Allison
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Apurva Sharma
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Alain G Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Zaidi H, Byrkjeland R, Njerve IU, Åkra S, Solheim S, Arnesen H, Seljeflot I, Opstad TB. Adiponectin in relation to exercise and physical performance in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Adipocyte 2021; 10:612-620. [PMID: 34779349 PMCID: PMC8726619 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1996699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Adipokines, expressed by adipose tissue (AT), have been associated with metabolic disturbances and coronary artery disease (CAD). The impact of exercise training on the AT in patients suffering from both diabetes and CAD is unknown. To gain knowledge on changes in ATs’ inflammatory profile in such a population, we investigated the effects of long-term exercise on selected adipokines and their associations with physical performance and glucometabolic variables. Adiponectin was selected based on its anti-atherogenic and anti-diabetic properties and visfatin and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) for their association with atherosclerosis and metabolic disorders. Not many studies have focused on the effects of long-term exercise training on adipokines in patients with concomitant T2DM and CAD. Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes and CAD (n = 137), 41–81 years, 17.2% females, were randomized in a 1:1 manner to an exercise group, who underwent 1 year of 150 min weekly combined strength and endurance exercise, or a control group. AT from the gluteal region and blood samples were obtained at baseline and after 12 months, along with a physical performance test, assessed by the VO2 peak. Circulating protein levels were measured by ELISA. RNA was extracted from AT and expression levels were relatively quantified by PCR. Results: After 1 year, no significant difference in the change in the investigated markers between the intervention group and the control group was observed. Changes in circulating adiponectin and VO2 peak correlated in the total population (r = 0.256, p = 0.008). At baseline, circulating adiponectin and TNF correlated inversely with insulin and with C-peptide and VO2peak, respectively (p < 0.001, all). Conclusion: In this population with concomitant diabetes and CAD, ATs’ inflammatory profile remained unchanged apparently after 1 year of exercise intervention. Changes in the VO2peak were nevertheless, related to changes in circulating adiponectin levels. Trial registration: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01232608.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Zaidi
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo Norway
| | - Rune Byrkjeland
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway
| | - Ida U. Njerve
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway
| | - Sissel Åkra
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway
| | - Svein Solheim
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway
| | - Harald Arnesen
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo Norway
| | - Trine B. Opstad
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo Norway
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Moodi M, Tavakoli T, Tahergorabi Z. Crossroad between Obesity and Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Interventions. Int J Prev Med 2021; 12:18. [PMID: 34084315 PMCID: PMC8106288 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_266_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is increasing worldwide, and in the past decade, cancer had entered the list of chronic debilitating diseases whose risk is substantially increased by hypernutrition. Obesity may increase the risk of cancer by the imbalance of various mechanisms including insulin and insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF-I) signaling, systemic inflammation, immune dysregulation, tumor angiogenesis, adipokines secretion, and intestinal microbiota that usually act interdependently. An increased understanding of the mechanisms underlying obesity-GI cancer link can provide multiple opportunities for cancer prevention. This review discusses various mechanisms involved molecular mechanisms linking obesity with GI cancers including esophagus, stomach, colorectal and hepatocellular. Furthermore, an optional intervention such as diet restriction and exercise is described, which may be preventive or therapeutic in GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Moodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Tavakoli
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Gasteroenterology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zoya Tahergorabi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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15
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Wu Y, Zhong L, Li G, Han L, Fu J, Li Y, Li L, Zhang Q, Guo Y, Xiao X, Qi L, Li M, Gao S, Willi SM. Puberty Status Modifies the Effects of Genetic Variants, Lifestyle Factors and Their Interactions on Adiponectin: The BCAMS Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:737459. [PMID: 35002951 PMCID: PMC8739496 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.737459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoadiponectinemia has been associated with various cardiometabolic disease states. Previous studies in adults have shown that adiponectin levels were regulated by specific genetic and behavioral or lifestyle factors. However, little is known about the influence of these factors on adiponectin levels in children, particularly as mitigated by pubertal development. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from 3,402 children aged 6-18 years from the Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome (BCAMS) study. Pubertal progress was classified as prepubertal, midpuberty, and postpuberty. Six relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected from previous genome-wide association studies of adiponectin in East Asians. Individual SNPs and two weighted genetic predisposition scores, as well as their interactions with 14 lifestyle factors, were analyzed to investigate their influence on adiponectin levels across puberty. The effect of these factors on adiponectin was analyzed using general linear models adjusted for age, sex, and BMI. RESULTS After adjustment for age, sex, and BMI, the associations between adiponectin levels and diet items, and diet score were significant at prepuberty or postpuberty, while the effect of exercise on adiponectin levels was more prominent at mid- and postpuberty. Walking to school was found to be associated with increased adiponectin levels throughout puberty. Meanwhile, the effect of WDR11-FGFR2-rs3943077 was stronger at midpuberty (P = 0.002), and ADIPOQ-rs6773957 was more effective at postpuberty (P = 0.005), while CDH13-rs4783244 showed the strongest association with adiponectin levels at all pubertal stages (all P < 3.24 × 10-15). We further found that effects of diet score (Pinteraction = 0.022) and exercise (Pinteraction = 0.049) were stronger in children with higher genetic risk of hypoadiponectinemia, while higher diet score and exercise frequency attenuated the differences in adiponectin levels among children with different genetic risks. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed puberty modulates the associations between adiponectin, and genetic variants, lifestyle factors, and gene-by-lifestyle interactions. These findings provide new insight into puberty-specific lifestyle suggestions, especially in genetically susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lanwen Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junling Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lujiao Li
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Guo
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Li,
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Steven. M. Willi
- Division of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Ward LJ, Nilsson S, Hammar M, Lindh-Åstrand L, Berin E, Lindblom H, Spetz Holm AC, Rubér M, Li W. Resistance training decreases plasma levels of adipokines in postmenopausal women. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19837. [PMID: 33199796 PMCID: PMC7669850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76901-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity and the onset of menopause increase the risk of cardiovascular disease amongst postmenopausal women. We aim to investigate the effect of resistance training (RT) on plasma levels of selected cytokines, adipokines, myokines, and sex hormones in postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms. This was a sub-study of a randomised controlled trial investigating the effects of RT on vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women. Women were randomised to join a 15-week RT program (n = 26) or remain sedentary as control (n = 29). Venous blood samples were taken at week-0 and week-15 for all participants. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and multiple bead assays were used to measure cytokines, adipokines, myokines, and sex hormones in plasma. Plasma measurements of 16 of 33 analytes were within detectable limits. After adjusting for good compliance in the RT group (58% of RT participants), after 15 weeks, significantly lower plasma levels of adiponectin (p < 0.001), lipocalin-2 (p < 0.01) and resistin (p = 0.04) were found. Comparing control and RT women, using change-over-time values, significant increases in median testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin levels were seen in RT women. RT intervention lowers the levels of adipokines, particularly adiponectin, in postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms. These results were secondary outcomes of a clinical trial, and further investigations in a larger cohort are essential with the additional control of diet control and body composition analyses. Nevertheless, our study shows RT may be a beneficial intervention in reducing inflammation amongst postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam J Ward
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. .,Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center in Linköping, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 58185, Linköping, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sigrid Nilsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mats Hammar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lotta Lindh-Åstrand
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Emilia Berin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hanna Lindblom
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna-Clara Spetz Holm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Rubér
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Zhang P, Konja D, Wang Y. Adipose tissue secretory profile and cardiometabolic risk in obesity. ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2020.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Buttan A, Cui J, Guo X, Chen YDI, Hsueh WA, Rotter JI, Goodarzi MO. Physical Activity Associations with Bone Mineral Density and Modification by Metabolic Traits. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa092. [PMID: 32803094 PMCID: PMC7417873 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the relationship of physical activity with bone mineral density (BMD) at various sites and examine potential modifying metabolic factors. Methods Responses from physical activity questionnaires were used to determine total physical activity (PA), moderate physical activity (mod-PA), and sedentary time. Regression analyses were performed to evaluate association of activity traits with insulin sensitivity by euglycemic clamp, adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in 741 healthy subjects. Results The cohort was relatively sedentary. Activity level was associated with arm, pelvis, and leg BMD in univariate analyses. In multivariate association analyses of arm BMD, only female sex (β = -0.73, P < 0.0001) and adiponectin (β = -0.076, P = 0.0091) were significant. Multivariate analyses of pelvis BMD found independent associations with body mass index (BMI) (β = 0.33, P < 0.0001), adiponectin (β = -0.10, P = 0.013), female sex (β = -0.18, P < 0.0001), sedentary time (β = -0.088, P = 0.034), PA (β = 0.11, P = 0.01), and mod-PA (β = 0.11, P = 0.014). Age (β = -0.10, P = 0.0087), female sex (β = -0.63, P < 0.0001), BMI (β = 0.24, P < 0.0001), and mod-PA (β = 0.10, P = 0.0024) were independently associated with leg BMD. Conclusions These results suggest that BMD increases with physical activity in the arms, legs, and pelvis and is inversely related to sedentary time in the pelvis and legs; these associations may be modified by age, sex, BMI, and adiponectin, depending on the site, with physical activity being more important to pelvis and leg BMD than arm BMD and sedentary time being important for pelvis BMD. Moreover, we demonstrated that CRP, PAI-1, and insulin sensitivity play a minor role in BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Buttan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jinrui Cui
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Yii-Der I Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Willa A Hsueh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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Ferrari F, Bock PM, Motta MT, Helal L. Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms of Glucose Uptake Stimulated by Physical Exercise in Insulin Resistance State: Role of Inflammation. Arq Bras Cardiol 2020; 113:1139-1148. [PMID: 31644699 PMCID: PMC7021273 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity associated with systemic inflammation induces insulin resistance (IR), with consequent chronic hyperglycemia. A series of reactions are involved in this process, including increased release of proinflammatory cytokines, and activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) receptors. Among the therapeutic tools available nowadays, physical exercise (PE) has a known hypoglycemic effect explained by complex molecular mechanisms, including an increase in insulin receptor phosphorylation, in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, in the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) pathway, with subsequent activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), Rac1, TBC1 domain family member 1 and 4 (TBC1D1 and TBC1D4), in addition to a variety of signaling molecules, such as GTPases, Rab and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attached protein receptor (SNARE) proteins. These pathways promote greater translocation of GLUT4 and consequent glucose uptake by the skeletal muscle. Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase (PDK), atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and some of its isoforms, such as PKC-iota/lambda also seem to play a fundamental role in the transport of glucose. In this sense, the association between autophagy and exercise has also demonstrated a relevant role in the uptake of muscle glucose. Insulin, in turn, uses a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent mechanism, while exercise signal may be triggered by the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The objective of this review is to describe the main molecular mechanisms of IR and the relationship between PE and glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Ferrari
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares - Faculdade de Medicina - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil.,Grupo de Pesquisa em Cardiologia do Exercício - CardioEx (HCPA/UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil
| | - Patrícia Martins Bock
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia do Exercício (LaFiEx), (HCPA/UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil.,Instituto de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde (IATS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil.,Faculdades Integradas de Taquara, Taquara, RS - Brazil
| | - Marcelo Trotte Motta
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana, BA - Brazil
| | - Lucas Helal
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares - Faculdade de Medicina - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil.,Laboratório de Fisiopatologia do Exercício (LaFiEx), (HCPA/UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil
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20
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Shlobin NA, Sander JW. Drivers for the comorbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus and epilepsy: A scoping review. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 106:107043. [PMID: 32217418 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy, a common neurologic condition, is associated with a greater prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We examined potential drivers for the comorbidity of epilepsy and T2DM in an attempt to elucidate possible biological mechanisms underlying the development of processes in individuals. We searched PubMed and Medline up to December 2019. Our search yielded 3361 articles, of which 82 were included in the scoping review. We reviewed articles focusing on the association of epilepsy and T2DM, drivers, and biological mechanisms. We found that epilepsy is associated with obesity and obesity is associated with T2DM. Treatment with valproate (either sodium or acid) is associated with weight increase and hyperinsulinemia, while topiramate causes weight loss. People with epilepsy are less likely to exercise, which is protective against obesity. Mitochondrial dysfunction and adiponectin deficiency are common to epilepsy and T2DM. One possible mechanism for the comorbidity is mitochondrial dysfunction and adiponectin deficiency, which promotes epilepsy, obesity, and T2DM. Another possible mechanism is that people with epilepsy are more likely to be obese because of the lack of exercise and the effects of some antiseizure medications (ASMs), which makes them susceptible to T2DM because of the development of mitochondrial dysfunction and adiponectin deficiency. A third mechanism is that people with epilepsy have greater mitochondrial dysfunction and lower adiponectin levels than people without epilepsy at baseline, which may exacerbate after treatment with ASMs. Future research involving a combined genetic and molecular pathway approach will likely yield valuable insight regarding the comorbidity of epilepsy and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Shlobin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Josemir W Sander
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG & Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter SL9 0RJ, UK; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Achterweg 5, Heemstede 2103SW, the Netherlands.
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21
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Heiston EM, Eichner NZ, Gilbertson NM, Malin SK. Exercise improves adiposopathy, insulin sensitivity and metabolic syndrome severity independent of intensity. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:632-640. [PMID: 32020676 DOI: 10.1113/ep088158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What are the effects of work-matched continuous versus high-intensity interval training for 2 weeks on adiposopathy and cardiometabolic risk in obese adults with prediabetes? What is the main finding and its importance? Independent of intensity, short-term exercise improves adiposopathy and insulin sensitivity. While both exercise intensities reduced fasting leptin concentrations and metabolic syndrome severity, only interval training elevated total adiponectin. In contrast to previous work, neither condition altered high-molecular weight adiponectin. Collectively, these data suggest that short-term exercise can improve adipokine profiles, which may aid in reducing cardiometabolic risk prior to clinically meaningful weight loss in adults with prediabetes. ABSTRACT Individuals with prediabetes who are overweight and obese are at an increased risk of developing endocrine disruption of fat tissue, known as adiposopathy. While short-term exercise improves adipokine profiles, the effects of exercise intensity when matched for energy expenditure on adiposopathy are unknown. We hypothesized that high-intensity exercise would elicit greater changes in adiposopathy compared to moderate exercise. Twenty-eight overweight and obese adults (age: 60.9 ± 8.4 years; BMI: 33.0 ± 5.4 kg m-2 ) with prediabetes were randomized to twelve 60-min sessions of either moderate-continuous (CONT; n = 14) or high-intensity interval (INT; n = 14) exercise training. Total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin and leptin were collected to assess adiposopathy (ratio of total adiponectin to leptin; A/L). Insulin sensitivity (SIIS ) was determined using a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test before and after training. Cardiometabolic risk factors were measured and a z-score was calculated to determine metabolic syndrome (MetS) severity. CONT and INT increased A/L (P < 0.01) and decreased leptin (P < 0.01) and MetS severity (P = 0.04). Neither intervention altered circulating levels of HMW adiponectin (P = 0.76) and only INT increased total adiponectin levels (P = 0.02). Both intensities increased insulin sensitivity (P < 0.01), which was associated with improvements in A/L (r = 0.47, P = 0.01). Additionally, increases in A/L tended to relate to decreased MetS severity (r = -0.36, P = 0.09). Short-term exercise intensity, when matched for energy expenditure, does not differentially affect improvements in adiposopathy in overweight and obese adults with prediabetes. Further, 12 bouts of exercise improved insulin sensitivity and MetS severity, suggesting that improving adipokine profiles may aid in reducing cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Heiston
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Natalie Zm Eichner
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Steven K Malin
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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22
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White JM, Piron MJ, Rangaraj VR, Hanlon EC, Cohen RN, Brady MJ. Reference Gene Optimization for Circadian Gene Expression Analysis in Human Adipose Tissue. J Biol Rhythms 2020; 35:84-97. [PMID: 31668115 PMCID: PMC7409766 DOI: 10.1177/0748730419883043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of biology is the cyclical nature of organismal physiology driven by networks of biological, including circadian, rhythms. Unsurprisingly, disruptions of the circadian rhythms through sleep curtailment or shift work have been connected through numerous studies to positive associations with obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) measures oscillation in messenger RNA expression, an essential foundation for the study of the physiological circadian regulatory network. Primarily, measured oscillations have involved the use of reference gene normalization. However, the validation and identification of suitable reference genes is a significant challenge across different biological systems. This study focuses on adipose tissue of premenopausal, otherwise healthy, morbidly obese women voluntarily enrolled after being scheduled for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy surgery. Acquisition of tissue was accomplished by aspiratory needle biopsies of subcutaneous adipose tissue 1 to 2 weeks prior to surgery and 12 to 13 weeks following surgery and an in-surgery scalpel-assisted excision of mesenteric adipose tissue. Each biopsy was sterile cultured ex vivo and serially collected every 4 h over approximately 36 h. The candidate reference genes that were tested were 18S rRNA, GAPDH, HPRT1, RPII, RPL13α, and YWHAZ. Three analytic tools were used to test suitability, and the candidate reference genes were used to measure oscillation in expression of a known circadian clock element (Dbp). No gene was deemed suitable as an individual reference gene control, which indicated that the optimal reference gene set was the geometrically averaged 3-gene panel composed of YWHAZ, RPL13α, and GAPDH. These methods can be employed to identify optimal reference genes in other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. White
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, 60637
| | - Matthew J. Piron
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, 60637
| | - Vittobai R. Rangaraj
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, 60637
| | - Erin C. Hanlon
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, 60637
| | - Ronald N. Cohen
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, 60637
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, 60637
| | - Matthew J. Brady
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, 60637
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, 60637
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23
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Gilbertson NM, Eichner NZM, Heiston EM, Gaitán JM, Francois ME, Mehaffey JH, Hassinger TE, Hallowell PT, Weltman A, Malin SK. A low-calorie diet with or without interval exercise training improves adiposopathy in obese women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:1057-1064. [PMID: 30785773 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to test if a low-calorie diet plus interval exercise (LCD+INT) improves adiposopathy, an endocrine dysfunction, when compared with an energy-deficit-matched LCD in obese women. Subjects (age: 48.2 ± 2.4 years, body mass index: 37.8 ± 1.3 kg/m2) were randomized to a 13-day LCD (n = 12; mixed meals of ∼1200 kcal/day) or LCD+INT (n = 12; 12 sessions of 60 min/day alternating 3 min at 50% and 90% peak heart rate). Exercise was estimated to expend 350 kcal per oxygen uptake-heart rate regression analysis and individuals were refed calories expended to match energy availability between groups. Absolute (post - pre caloric intake) and relative (total daily and exercise energy expenditure relative to calorie intake) energy deficits were calculated. Fitness (peak oxygen uptake) and body composition (BodPod; Cosmed USA Inc.) were measured and a 120-min, 75g oral glucose tolerance test was performed at pre- and post-intervention to assess adiposopathy (i.e., ratio of high molecular weight-adiponectin to leptin) and estimate insulin sensitivity. LCD and LCD+INT had similar absolute (P = 0.55) and relative (P = 0.76) energy deficits. LCD and LCD+INT had similar reductions in fat mass (both P < 0.001), despite LCD inducing greater weight loss (P = 0.02) than LCD+INT. Both treatments improved adiposopathy (P = 0.003) and peripheral insulin sensitivity (P = 0.02). Absolute energy deficit correlated to improved adiposopathy (r = -0.41, P = 0.05), and absolute and relative energy deficits were associated with increased insulin sensitivity (r = -0.47, P = 0.02; and r = -0.40, P = 0.05, respectively), independent of body composition changes and increased peak oxygen uptake. Taken together, LCD, with or without INT, improves adiposopathy in relation to insulin sensitivity in obese women, suggesting that a short-term energy deficit is key for reducing risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Gilbertson
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA
| | - Natalie Z M Eichner
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA
| | - Emily M Heiston
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA
| | - Julian M Gaitán
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA
| | - Monique E Francois
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA
| | - J Hunter Mehaffey
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA
| | - Taryn E Hassinger
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA
| | - Peter T Hallowell
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA
| | - Arthur Weltman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA
| | - Steven K Malin
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA
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24
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Li HY, Hong X, Cao QQ, So KF. Adiponectin, exercise and eye diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 147:281-294. [PMID: 31607358 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin, one kind of adipokines, has been shown to be neuroprotective in different neurodegenerative diseases. Adiponectin exerts its role through combination with its receptors and activates downstream molecular pathways. In the retinas, the expression of adiponectin can be detected and adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) locate in different retinal cells. Adiponectin is mainly produced by adipose tissue, enters the circulation and passes through blood-brain barrier (BBB) without injury. It can also be produced locally in the brains as well as in the retinas. Therefore, it is possible that adiponectin from blood as well as that produced locally in the retinas take part in defense of different eye diseases. Here we have summarized the published data about the protective effects of adiponectin in eye diseases. Because exercise can increase the production of adiponectin systemically in the whole body and locally in the brain although no evidence has shown that exercise can increase the production of adiponectin in the eyes until now, we hypothesize that exercise will have a potential protective effect for the eyes via increasing the levels of adiponectin which needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ying Li
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Xi Hong
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qian-Qian Cao
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Ophthalmology, The University of HongKong, Hong Kong, PR China.
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25
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Pérez-López A, Valadés D, de Cos Blanco AI, García-Honduvilla N, Vázquez Martínez C. Circulating adiponectin expression is elevated and associated with the IL-15/IL-15Rα complex in obese physically active humans. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 59:1229-1237. [DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.09030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Koh H, Hamada T, Song M, Liu L, Cao Y, Nowak JA, da Silva A, Twombly T, Morikawa T, Kim SA, Masugi Y, Kosumi K, Shi Y, Gu M, Li W, Du C, Chen Y, Li W, Liu H, Li C, Wu K, Nosho K, Inamura K, Hanyuda A, Zhang X, Giannakis M, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Nishihara R, Meyerhardt JA, Ogino S. Physical Activity and Colorectal Cancer Prognosis According to Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2019; 2:pky058. [PMID: 31276098 PMCID: PMC6591576 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pky058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that high-level physical activity may potentially reduce cancer mortality through its immune enhancement effect. We therefore hypothesized that survival benefits associated with physical activity might be stronger in colorectal carcinomas with lower immune reaction at diagnosis. Methods Using molecular pathological epidemiology databases of 470 colon and rectal carcinoma cases in the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we assessed the prognostic association of postdiagnosis physical activity in strata of densities of CD3+ cells, CD8+ cells, CD45RO (PTPRC)+ cells, or FOXP3+ cells in tumor tissue. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to adjust for potential confounders, including microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, long interspersed nucleotide element-1 methylation, KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations, and expression of CTNNB1 (beta-catenin), PTGS2 (cyclooxygenase-2), and IRS1. Results The association of postdiagnosis physical activity with colorectal cancer-specific mortality differed by CD3+ cell density (Pinteraction < .001). Multivariable-adjusted colorectal cancer-specific mortality hazard ratios for a quartile-unit increase in physical activity were 0.56 (95% confidence interval = 0.38 to 0.83) among cases with the lowest quartile of CD3+ cell density compared with 1.14 (95% confidence interval = 0.79 to 1.65) in cases with the highest quartile. We observed no differential survival association of physical activity by densities of CD8+ cells, CD45RO+ cells, or FOXP3+ cells. Conclusions The association between postdiagnosis physical activity and colorectal cancer survival appeared stronger for carcinomas with lower T cell infiltrates, suggesting an interactive effect of exercise and immunity on colorectal cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Koh
- Department of Oncologic Pathology.,Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology.,Department of Nutrition.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sun A Kim
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - Yan Shi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology.,Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mancang Gu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology.,College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition.,Department of Epidemiology.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Katsuhiko Nosho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Hanyuda
- Department of Nutrition.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT.,Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, CT
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Oncologic Pathology.,Department of Nutrition.,Department of Epidemiology.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Oncologic Pathology.,Department of Epidemiology.,Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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27
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Ulrich CM, Himbert C, Holowatyj AN, Hursting SD. Energy balance and gastrointestinal cancer: risk, interventions, outcomes and mechanisms. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:683-698. [PMID: 30158569 PMCID: PMC6500387 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of multiple gastrointestinal cancers and worsens disease outcomes. Conversely, strong inverse associations have emerged between physical activity and colon cancer and possibly other gastrointestinal malignancies. The effect of weight loss interventions - such as modifications of diet and/or physical activity or bariatric surgery - remains unclear in patients who are obese and have gastrointestinal cancer, although large clinical trials are underway. Human intervention studies have already shed light on potential mechanisms underlying the energy balance-cancer relationship, with preclinical models supporting emerging pathway effects. Central to interventions that reduce obesity or increase physical activity are pluripotent cancer-preventive effects (including reduced systemic and adipose tissue inflammation and angiogenesis, altered adipokine levels and improved insulin resistance) that directly interface with the hallmarks of cancer. Other mechanisms, such as DNA repair, oxidative stress and telomere length, immune function, effects on cancer stem cells and the microbiome, could also contribute to energy balance effects on gastrointestinal cancers. Although some mechanisms are well understood (for instance, systemic effects on inflammation and insulin signalling), other areas remain unclear. The current state of knowledge supports the need to better integrate mechanistic approaches with preclinical and human studies to develop effective, personalized diet and exercise interventions to reduce the burden of obesity on gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia M. Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,
| | - Caroline Himbert
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andreana N. Holowatyj
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stephen D. Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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28
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Liu Z, Liang S, Que S, Zhou L, Zheng S, Mardinoglu A. Meta-Analysis of Adiponectin as a Biomarker for the Detection of Metabolic Syndrome. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1238. [PMID: 30333754 PMCID: PMC6176651 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies revealed the potential significance of circulating adiponectin levels with respect to the diagnosis and prediction of metabolic syndrome, but uncertainty has been noted across different cohorts. Systematic evaluation was performed for diagnostic accuracy and predictivity of adiponectin variation for metabolic syndrome in enrolled studies including 1,248 and 6,020 subjects, respectively. Adiponectin can identify metabolic syndrome with moderate accuracy (area under the curve = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.77–0.84). Heterogeneity analysis revealed that an increasing index of insulin resistance was independently associated with improving the performance of adiponectin upon metabolic syndrome diagnosis (ratio of diagnostic odds ratio = 3.89, 95% CI: 1.13–13.9). In addition, reductions in adiponectin were associated with increasing metabolic syndrome incidence in a linear dose-response manner. The risk of hypoadiponectinemia with metabolic syndrome was especially increased in men (P < 0.05). Further Mendelian randomization analysis identified that the amplified risk could be attributed to increased susceptibility (up to 7%) to insulin resistance compared with women. In conclusion, adiponectin measurement might have potential benefits in the detection of metabolic syndrome. Factors that affect insulin resistance should be considered for adjustment in future assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuheng Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Shuping Que
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Goedecke JH. Addressing the problem of obesity and associated cardiometabolic risk in black South African women - time for action! Glob Health Action 2018; 10:1366165. [PMID: 29016251 PMCID: PMC5964873 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2017.1366165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The PhD thesis of Gradidge, entitled ‘Factors associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome in an ageing cohort of black women living in Soweto, Johannesburg (Study of Women in and Entering Endocrine Transition [SWEET])’, attempts to understand the determinants of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a population of urban-dwelling black South African women. A conceptual framework is presented, which positions obesity as the central risk factor for MetS, and includes the possible influence of socioeconomic status, lifestyle behaviours and body size perceptions, as key determinants of obesity. This commentary focuses on the two main findings of Gradidge’s thesis, namely, (i) physical activity and sedentary behaviour, and (ii) body composition and adiponectin, as risk factors for obesity and MetS in black South African women. Despite a high prevalence of obesity (48%), Gradidge showed that 75% of the women taking part in the study were meeting WHO guidelines on physical activity. This commentary suggests that the relationship between physical activity and cardiometabolic risk may be confounded by socioeconomic status. Alternatively, the intensity, and not necessarily the volume, of activity, as well as high rates of sedentary behaviour are posited as important determinants of obesity and MetS in black South African women. Accordingly, this commentary questions the veracity of the WHO guidelines on physical activity in developing countries, where most women meet the guidelines but have very poor cardiorespiratory fitness, are obese and are at high risk of MetS. Gradidge also showed that the most consistent and significant correlate of MetS in this cohort of middle-aged women was low serum levels of adiponectin. This commentary highlights various lifestyle interventions that have been shown to increase adiponectin levels. Finally, the importance of immediate action to address the problem of obesity and MetS is emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia H Goedecke
- a Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit , South African Medical Research Council , Cape Town , South Africa
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Abstract
The prevalence of obesity in combination with sarcopenia (the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength or physical function) is increasing in adults aged 65 years and older. A major subset of adults over the age of 65 is now classified as having sarcopenic obesity, a high-risk geriatric syndrome predominantly observed in an ageing population that is at risk of synergistic complications from both sarcopenia and obesity. This Review discusses pathways and mechanisms leading to muscle impairment in older adults with obesity. We explore sex-specific hormonal changes, inflammatory pathways and myocellular mechanisms leading to the development of sarcopenic obesity. We discuss the evolution, controversies and challenges in defining sarcopenic obesity and present current body composition modalities used to assess this condition. Epidemiological surveys form the basis of defining its prevalence and consequences beyond comorbidity and mortality. Current treatment strategies, and the evidence supporting them, are outlined, with a focus on calorie restriction, protein supplementation and aerobic and resistance exercises. We also describe weight loss-induced complications in patients with sarcopenic obesity that are relevant to clinical management. Finally, we review novel and potential future therapies including testosterone, selective androgen receptor modulators, myostatin inhibitors, ghrelin analogues, vitamin K and mesenchymal stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Batsis
- Sections of General Internal Medicine and Weight and Wellness, and the Dartmouth Centers for Health and Aging, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, The Health Promotion Research Center and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
| | - Dennis T Villareal
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
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31
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Eichner NZM, Erdbrügger U, Malin SK. Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Target for Exercise-Mediated Reductions in Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:7807245. [PMID: 30018986 PMCID: PMC6029462 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7807245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise is important for reducing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, only about 40-50% of this CVD risk reduction is accounted for by adiposity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Herein, we present the novel hypothesis that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are candidate biomarkers that may relate to impaired endothelial function and insulin resistance independent of obesity risk factors. EVs are small membrane-bound particles that are generated by cells following stimulation, stress, or activation. They carry markers of their parent cell and are thought to be potent bioactivators and communicators. We discuss the underlying physiology of specific cell type EVs, as well as examine how acute and chronic exercise interventions impact EV count and phenotype. We also propose that current gaps in the field are in part related to use of different detection techniques and the lack of standardized measurements of EV affecting the pre- and postanalytical phase. Ultimately, improving the understanding of how EVs impact cardiometabolic health and their function will lead to improved approaches for enhancing diagnostic options as well as designing exercise interventions that treat and/or prevent T2D and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Steven K. Malin
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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32
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Black MH, Shu YH, Wu J, Koebnick C, MacKay A, Watanabe RM, Buchanan TA, Xiang AH. Longitudinal Increases in Adiposity Contribute to Worsening Adipokine Profile over Time in Mexican Americans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:703-712. [PMID: 29427376 PMCID: PMC6021026 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited studies have assessed the relationship between longitudinal changes in adiposity and changes in multiple adipokines over time. This study examined changes in BMI, total body fat, and trunk fat associated with changes in 16 circulating adipokines in Mexican Americans at risk for type 2 diabetes. METHODS Participants included 1,213 individuals with cross-sectional data and a subset of 368 individuals with follow-up measures (mean 4.6 ± 1.5 years from baseline). Joint multivariate associations between 3 adiposity measures and 16 adipokines were assessed by canonical correlation analysis. RESULTS Longitudinal increases in adiposity were most strongly associated with increasing leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and decreasing adiponectin and secreted frizzled protein 5 (SFRP5) over time. Participants with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 at baseline had greater increases in leptin, CRP, IL-1Ra, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and greater decreases in adiponectin and SFRP5, associated with increasing adiposity over follow-up, than those with BMI < 30 kg/m2 . Associations between adiposity and adipokines were most accounted for by leptin; adjustment for leptin greatly reduced the magnitude of all associations between adiposity and remaining adipokines. CONCLUSIONS Increasing adiposity contributes to a worsening imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines over time, in which leptin may have an important role as a key mediator of metabolic disease risk in Mexican Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Helen Black
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Yu-Hsiang Shu
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Corinna Koebnick
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Adrienne MacKay
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Richard M. Watanabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA
- USC Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Thomas A. Buchanan
- USC Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Anny H. Xiang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
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Muller-Delp JM, Hotta K, Chen B, Behnke BJ, Maraj JJ, Delp MD, Lucero TR, Bramy JA, Alarcon DB, Morgan HE, Cowan MR, Haynes AD. Effects of age and exercise training on coronary microvascular smooth muscle phenotype and function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 124:140-149. [PMID: 29025901 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00459.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary microvascular function and blood flow responses during acute exercise are impaired in the aged heart but can be restored by exercise training. Coronary microvascular resistance is directly dependent on vascular smooth muscle function in coronary resistance arterioles; therefore, we hypothesized that age impairs contractile function and alters the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle in coronary arterioles. We further hypothesized that exercise training restores contractile function and reverses age-induced phenotypic alterations of arteriolar smooth muscle. Young and old Fischer 344 rats underwent 10 wk of treadmill exercise training or remained sedentary. At the end of training or cage confinement, contractile responses, vascular smooth muscle proliferation, and expression of contractile proteins were assessed in isolated coronary arterioles. Both receptor- and non-receptor-mediated contractile function were impaired in coronary arterioles from aged rats. Vascular smooth muscle shifted from a differentiated, contractile phenotype to a secretory phenotype with associated proliferation of smooth muscle in the arteriolar wall. Expression of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain 1 (SM1) was decreased in arterioles from aged rats, whereas expression of phospho-histone H3 and of the synthetic protein ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) were increased. Exercise training improved contractile responses, reduced smooth muscle proliferation and expression of rpS6, and increased expression of SM1 in arterioles from old rats. Thus age-induced contractile dysfunction of coronary arterioles and emergence of a secretory smooth muscle phenotype may contribute to impaired coronary blood flow responses, but arteriolar contractile responsiveness and a younger smooth muscle phenotype can be restored with late-life exercise training. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aging impairs contractile function of coronary arterioles and induces a shift of the vascular smooth muscle toward a proliferative, noncontractile phenotype. Late-life exercise training reverses contractile dysfunction of coronary arterioles and restores a young phenotype to the vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy M Muller-Delp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Kazuki Hotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Bei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Bradley J Behnke
- Department of Kinesiology and Johnson Cancer Research Center, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Joshua J Maraj
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michael D Delp
- Department of Nutrition, Food & Exercise Sciences, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Tiffani R Lucero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Jeremy A Bramy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - David B Alarcon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Hannah E Morgan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Morgan R Cowan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Anthony D Haynes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
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Botchlett R, Woo SL, Liu M, Pei Y, Guo X, Li H, Wu C. Nutritional approaches for managing obesity-associated metabolic diseases. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:R145-R171. [PMID: 28400405 PMCID: PMC5511693 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an ongoing pandemic and serves as a causal factor of a wide spectrum of metabolic diseases including diabetes, fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. Much evidence has demonstrated that nutrient overload/overnutrition initiates or exacerbates inflammatory responses in tissues/organs involved in the regulation of systemic metabolic homeostasis. This obesity-associated inflammation is usually at a low-grade and viewed as metabolic inflammation. When it exists continuously, inflammation inappropriately alters metabolic pathways and impairs insulin signaling cascades in peripheral tissues/organs such as adipose tissue, the liver and skeletal muscles, resulting in local fat deposition and insulin resistance and systemic metabolic dysregulation. In addition, inflammatory mediators, e.g., proinflammatory cytokines, and excessive nutrients, e.g., glucose and fatty acids, act together to aggravate local insulin resistance and form a vicious cycle to further disturb the local metabolic pathways and exacerbate systemic metabolic dysregulation. Owing to the critical role of nutrient metabolism in controlling the initiation and progression of inflammation and insulin resistance, nutritional approaches have been implicated as effective tools for managing obesity and obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Based on the mounting evidence generated from both basic and clinical research, nutritional approaches are commonly used for suppressing inflammation, improving insulin sensitivity, and/or decreasing fat deposition. Consequently, the combined effects are responsible for improvement of systemic insulin sensitivity and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Botchlett
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
- Pinnacle Clinical ResearchLive Oak, USA
| | - Shih-Lung Woo
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Mengyang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Ya Pei
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
- Baylor College of MedicineHouston, USA
| | - Honggui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
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Lunde LK, Skare Ø, Aass HCD, Mamen A, Einarsdóttir E, Ulvestad B, Skogstad M. Physical activity initiated by employer induces improvements in a novel set of biomarkers of inflammation: an 8-week follow-up study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:521-532. [PMID: 28185008 PMCID: PMC5346428 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers before and after 8 weeks of unsupervised physical activity (PA) initiated by employer. Methods During autumn 2014, background data, blood samples and self-reported exercise level were collected from 76 men and 41 women in a Norwegian road maintenance company. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, adiponectin, p-selectin and CD40 ligand (CD40L) were analyzed. \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\dot V}{{\rm{O}}_{{\rm{2max}}}}$$\end{document}V˙O2max was measured in a subgroup of 50 subjects. Results With reference point of exercise ≤1 time/week, we found that participants who exercised 2–3 times/week had higher \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\dot V}{{\rm{O}}_{{\rm{2max}}}}$$\end{document}V˙O2max values (5.6 mL kg−1 min−1; 95% CI [1.3, 9.9]). MCP-1 was lower in those who exercised ≥ 4 times/week (−81.98 pg/ml [−142.9, −21.0]). IL-6 and p-selectin levels were lower in females who exercised ≥4 times/week (−1.04 pg/ml [−2.04, −0.03] and −13.75 ng/ml [−24.03, −3.48]). Leptin was lower in participants who exercised 2–3 times/week (−0.39 µg/ml ln [−0.68, −0.09]) and ≥4 times/week (−0.69 µg/ml ln [−1.10, −0.28]). During follow-up, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\dot V}{{\rm{O}}_{{\rm{2max}}}}$$\end{document}V˙O2max increased (2.9 mL kg−1 min−1 [1.5, 4.3]), while p-selectin and CD40L decreased (−2.33 ng/ml [−3.78, −0.87] and 718.14 ng/ml [−1368, −68]). MCP-1 levels decreased among men (−32.70 pg/ml [−51.21, −14.19]). A joint analysis of all biomarkers (inversed adiponectin) showed that those who exercised ≥4 times/week at baseline had lower total levels of biomarkers and that total biomarker levels decreased during follow-up. Conclusions Exercising several times a week was associated with less inflammation compared to exercising once a week or less. During the 8-week follow-up, total levels of biomarkers of inflammation improved. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3533-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars-Kristian Lunde
- Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Box 8149 Dep., 0033, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øivind Skare
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Box 8149 Dep., 0033, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Hans C D Aass
- The Blood Cell Research Group, Section of Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
| | - Asgeir Mamen
- Norwegian School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Box 1190 Sentrum, 0107, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elín Einarsdóttir
- Department of Chemical and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Box 8149 Dep., 0033, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Ulvestad
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Box 8149 Dep., 0033, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Skogstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Box 8149 Dep., 0033, Oslo, Norway
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Murphy J, Moullec G, Santosa S. Factors associated with adipocyte size reduction after weight loss interventions for overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-regression. Metabolism 2017; 67:31-40. [PMID: 28081776 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Enlarged adipocytes are a prime feature of adipose tissue dysfunction, and may be an appropriate target to decrease disease risk in obesity. We aimed to assess the change in adipocyte size in response to lifestyle and surgical weight loss interventions for overweight or obesity; and to explore whether certain participant and intervention characteristics influence this response. METHODS We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane electronic databases to identify weight loss studies that quantified adipocyte size before and after the intervention. Using meta-regression analysis, we assessed the independent effects of weight loss, age, sex, adipocyte region, and intervention type (surgical vs. lifestyle) on adipocyte size reduction. We repeated the model as a sensitivity analysis including only the lifestyle interventions. RESULTS Thirty-five studies met our eligibility criteria. In our main model, every 1.0% weight loss was associated with a 0.64% reduction in adipocyte size (p=0.003); and adipocytes from the upper body decreased 5% more in size than those in the lower body (p=0.009). These relationships were no longer significant when focusing only on lifestyle interventions. Moreover, age, sex and intervention type did not independently affect adipocyte size reduction in either model. CONCLUSIONS Weight loss in obese individuals is consistently associated with a decrease in adipocyte size that is more pronounced in upper-body adipocytes. It remains to be clarified how biological differences and intervention characteristics influence this relationship, and whether it corresponds with reductions in other aspects of adipose tissue dysfunction and disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Murphy
- Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B 1R6; Nutrition, Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, 7200 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B 1R6; Centre de Recherche - Axe Maladies Chroniques, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin Blvd. W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4J 1C5
| | - Grégory Moullec
- Centre de Recherche - Axe Maladies Chroniques, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin Blvd. W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4J 1C5; École de Santé Publique - Département de Médecine Sociale et Preventive, Université de Montréal, 7101 du Parc Ave., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3N 1X9
| | - Sylvia Santosa
- Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B 1R6; Nutrition, Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, 7200 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B 1R6; Centre de Recherche - Axe Maladies Chroniques, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin Blvd. W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4J 1C5.
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Habitual physical activity is associated with the maintenance of neutrophil migratory dynamics in healthy older adults. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 56:12-20. [PMID: 26928196 PMCID: PMC4929133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunctional neutrophils with advanced age are a hallmark of immunosenescence. Reduced migration and bactericidal activity increase the risk of infection. It remains unclear why neutrophil dysfunction occurs with age. Physical activity and structured exercise have been suggested to improve immune function in the elderly. The aim of this study was to assess a comprehensive range of neutrophil functions and determine their association with habitual physical activity. METHOD Physical activity levels were determined in 211 elderly (67±5years) individuals by 7-days of accelerometry wear. Twenty of the most physically active men and women were matched for age and gender to twenty of the least physically active individuals. Groups were compared for neutrophil migration, phagocytosis, oxidative burst, cell surface receptor expression, metabolic health parameters and systemic inflammation. Groups were also compared against ten young participants (23±4years). RESULTS The most active group completed over twice as many steps/day as the least active group (p<0.001), had lower BMI's (p=0.007) and body fat percentages (p=0.029). Neutrophils migrated towards IL-8 better in the most active group compared to the least active (p<0.05) and was comparable to that of the young (p>0.05). These differences remained after adjusting for BMI, body fat and plasma metabolic markers which were different between groups. Correlations revealed that steps/day, higher adiponectin and lower insulin were positively associated with migratory ability (p<0.05). There was no difference in expression of the chemokine receptors CXCR1 or CXCR2 (p>0.05 for both). CD11b was higher in the most active group compared to the least active (p=0.048). No differences between activity groups or young controls were observed for neutrophil phagocytosis or oxidative burst in response to Escherichia coli (p>0.05). The young group had lower concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, CRP, IL-10 and IL-13 (p<0.05 for all) with no differences between the two older groups. CONCLUSION These data suggest that impaired neutrophil migration, but not bactericidal function, in older adults may be, in part, the result of reduced physical activity. A 2-fold difference in physical activity is associated with better preserved neutrophil migratory dynamics in healthy older people. As a consequence increasing habitual physical activity may be beneficial for neutrophil mediated immunity.
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Scheller EL, Burr AA, MacDougald OA, Cawthorn WP. Inside out: Bone marrow adipose tissue as a source of circulating adiponectin. Adipocyte 2016; 5:251-69. [PMID: 27617171 PMCID: PMC5014002 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2016.1149269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The adipocyte-derived hormone adiponectin mediates beneficial cardiometabolic effects, and hypoadiponectinemia is a biomarker for increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk. Indeed, circulating adiponectin decreases in obesity and insulin-resistance, likely because of impaired production from white adipose tissue (WAT). Conversely, lean states such as caloric restriction (CR) are characterized by hyperadiponectinemia, even without increased adiponectin production from WAT. The reasons underlying this paradox have remained elusive, but our recent research suggests that CR-associated hyperadiponectinemia derives from an unexpected source: bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT). Herein, we elaborate on this surprising discovery, including further discussion of potential mechanisms influencing adiponectin production from MAT; additional evidence both for and against our conclusions; and observations suggesting that the relationship between MAT and adiponectin might extend beyond CR. While many questions remain, the burgeoning study of MAT promises to reveal further key insights into MAT biology, both as a source of adiponectin and beyond.
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