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Urban JB, Torres W, Nunes DS, Pelegrini A, Kemper HCG, Fernandes RA. Sports participation plays a relevant role in the relationship between birth weight and bone mineral content in adolescents. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24079. [PMID: 38558424 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis (DOHaD) proposes that growth during the prenatal period might play a critical role in health, affecting the development of diseases, such as osteoporosis. Bone health is particularly affected by human behaviors when sports participation constitutes the main manifestation of physical exercise. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between birth weight (BW) and bone mineral content (BMC) among adolescents, as well as to identify if sports participation and maturity can affect this relationship. The sample was composed of adolescents with ages ranging from 11 to 18 years, stratified according to normal birth weight (n = 331), low birth weight (n = 36), and macrosomia (n = 47), extracted from a wider cross-sectional study (ABCD Growth Study). BW was self-reported by the adolescent's parent. Sports participation was assessed by face-to-face interview. BMC was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In the multivariate models, the relationships between BW and BMC remained non-significant, while sports participation was significantly related to BMC on lower limbs among boys (r = 0.154; p value = .001) and BMC of upper limbs among girls (r = 0.124; p value = .044). APHV was related to BMC of upper limbs among boys (r = 0.137; p value = .001). In conclusion, BMC was not affected by BW, while this phenomenon seems to be significantly affected by the positive impact of sports participation and maturation on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Bexiga Urban
- Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise-LIVE, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Wesley Torres
- Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise-LIVE, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - David Silva Nunes
- Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise-LIVE, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Andreia Pelegrini
- Study and Research Group in Kinanthropometry, Department of Physical Education, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Han C G Kemper
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Romulo Araújo Fernandes
- Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise-LIVE, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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Skinner AM, Barker AR, Moore SA, Soininen S, Haapala EA, Väistö J, Westgate K, Brage S, Lakka TA, Vlachopoulos D. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the 24-hour movement behaviours, including muscle and bone strengthening activity, with bone and lean mass from childhood to adolescence. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:227. [PMID: 38238707 PMCID: PMC10797891 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess whether moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sport and exercise as a proxy measure of muscle and bone strengthening activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep were associated with total-body-less-head (TBLH) bone mineral content (BMC) and TBLH lean mass cross-sectionally and longitudinally from age 6 to 9 years and age 9 to 11 years to age 15 to 17 years. METHODS We used longitudinal data from a population sample of Finnish children from the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children study (age 6 to 9 years: n = 478, 229 females; age 9 to 11 years: n = 384, 197 females; age 15 to 17 years: n = 222, 103 females). Linear regression analysed the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between accelerometer-assessed MVPA, sedentary time and sleep, and questionnaire-assessed sport and exercise participation and screen time with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-assessed TBLH BMC and lean mass. RESULTS In females, MVPA at age 6 to 9 years was positively associated with TBLH BMC at age 15 to 17 years (β = 0.008, p = 0.010). Sport and exercise at age 9 to 11 years was positively associated with TBLH BMC (β = 0.020, p = 0.002) and lean mass (β = 0.343, p = 0.040) at age 15 to 17 years. MVPA at age 9 to 11 years was positively associated with TBLH lean mass (β = 0.272, p = 0.004) at age 15 to 17 years. In males, sleep at age 6 to 9 years was positively associated with TBLH lean mass (β = 0.382, p = 0.003) at age 15 to 17 years. Sport and exercise at age 9 to 11 years was positively associated with TBLH BMC (β = 0.027, p = 0.012) and lean mass (β = 0.721, p < 0.001) at age 15 to 17 years. CONCLUSIONS Promoting engagement in the 24-hour movement behaviours in childhood, particularly sport and exercise to strengthen muscle and bone, is important in supporting bone and lean mass development in adolescence. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01803776; first trial registration date: 04/03/2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie M Skinner
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alan R Barker
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sarah A Moore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Sonja Soininen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Physician and Nursing Services, Health and Social Services Centre, Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Varkaus, Finland
| | - Eero A Haapala
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juuso Väistö
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kate Westgate
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
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Marmol-Perez A, Ubago-Guisado E, Llorente-Cantarero FJ, Vlachopoulos D, Rodriguez-Solana A, Gil-Cosano JJ, Ruiz JR, Gracia-Marco L. Determinants of bone parameters in young paediatric cancer survivors: the iBoneFIT project. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1538-1546. [PMID: 37202528 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone health is remarkably affected by endocrine side effects due to paediatric cancer treatments and the disease itself. We aimed to provide novel insights into the contribution of independent predictors of bone health in young paediatric cancer survivors. METHODS This cross-sectional multicentre study was carried out within the iBoneFIT framework in which 116 young paediatric cancer survivors (12.1 ± 3.3 years old; 43% female) were recruited. The independent predictors were sex, years from peak height velocity (PHV), time from treatment completion, radiotherapy exposure, region-specific lean and fat mass, musculoskeletal fitness, moderate-vigorous physical activity and past bone-specific physical activity. RESULTS Region-specific lean mass was the strongest significant predictor of most areal bone mineral density (aBMD), all hip geometry parameters and Trabecular Bone Score (β = 0.400-0.775, p ≤ 0.05). Years from PHV was positively associated with total body less head, legs and arms aBMD, and time from treatment completion was also positively associated with total hip and femoral neck aBMD parameters and narrow neck cross-sectional area (β = 0.327-0.398, p ≤ 0.05; β = 0.135-0.221, p ≤ 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION Region-specific lean mass was consistently the most important positive determinant of all bone parameters, except for total hip aBMD, all Hip Structural Analysis parameters and Trabecular Bone Score. IMPACT The findings of this study indicate that region-specific lean mass is consistently the most important positive determinant of bone health in young paediatric cancer survivors. Randomised clinical trials focused on improving bone parameters of this population should target at region-specific lean mass due to the site-specific adaptations of the skeleton to external loading following paediatric cancer treatment. After paediatric cancer diagnosis, years from peak height velocity (somatic maturity) is critical for bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Marmol-Perez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Esther Ubago-Guisado
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Llorente-Cantarero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Maimonides (IMIBIC), Córdoba, España
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Didácticas Específicas, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España
| | - Dimitris Vlachopoulos
- Centro de Investigación sobre Ejercicio y Salud Infantil, Universidad de Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrea Rodriguez-Solana
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose J Gil-Cosano
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Dos Hermanas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Dalle Carbonare L, Minoia A, Zouari S, Piritore FC, Vareschi A, Romanelli MG, Valenti MT. Crosstalk between Bone and Muscles during Physical Activity. Cells 2023; 12:2088. [PMID: 37626898 PMCID: PMC10453939 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone-muscle crosstalk is enabled thanks to the integration of different molecular signals, and it is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of skeletal and muscle tissue. Both the skeletal system and the muscular system perform endocrine activity by producing osteokines and myokines, respectively. These cytokines play a pivotal role in facilitating bone-muscle crosstalk. Moreover, recent studies have highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs in promoting crosstalk between bone and muscle in physiological or pathological conditions. Therefore, positive stimuli or pathologies that target one of the two systems can affect the other system as well, emphasizing the reciprocal influence of bone and muscle. Lifestyle and in particular physical activity influence both the bone and the muscular apparatus by acting on the single system but also by enhancing its crosstalk. Several studies have in fact demonstrated the modulation of circulating molecular factors during physical activity. These molecules are often produced by bone or muscle and are capable of activating signaling pathways involved in bone-muscle crosstalk but also of modulating the response of other cell types. Therefore, in this review we will discuss the effects of physical activity on bone and muscle cells, with particular reference to the biomolecular mechanisms that regulate their cellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Dalle Carbonare
- Department of Engineering for Innovative Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.); (A.V.)
| | - Arianna Minoia
- Department of Engineering for Innovative Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.); (A.V.)
| | - Sharazed Zouari
- Department of Engineering for Innovative Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.); (A.V.)
| | - Francesca Cristiana Piritore
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (F.C.P.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Anna Vareschi
- Department of Engineering for Innovative Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.); (A.V.)
| | - Maria Grazia Romanelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (F.C.P.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Maria Teresa Valenti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (F.C.P.); (M.G.R.)
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Barbosa CCL, da Costa JC, Romanzini CLP, Batista MB, Blasquez-Shigaki G, Fernandes RA, Martinho DV, Oliveira T, Ribeiro LP, Coelho-E-Silva MJ, Ronque ERV. Interrelationship between muscle fitness in childhood and bone mineral density in adulthood: mediation analysis of muscle fitness in adulthood. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:648. [PMID: 37016376 PMCID: PMC10074897 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was aimed to examine the relationship between muscular fitness indicators in childhood and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in adulthood and to verify whether the relationship is mediated by performance on muscular fitness indicators in adulthood. METHODS A sample of 138 healthy adults (69 males; 22.3 years) were followed after a previous assessment at the age of 7-10 years. Stature, body mass and muscular fitness indicators (handgrip strength, standing long jump and sit-ups tests) were assessed in childhood and adulthood. Additionally, total body, upper limbs, lower limbs, right femoral neck and lumbar spine aBMD was assessed in adulthood using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Analysis included descriptive statistics; t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test for comparison between males and females, multiple linear regression for the prediction aBMD from muscular fitness indicators in childhood, mediation analysis of the respective muscular fitness indicators in adulthood and the relationship between muscular fitness indicators in childhood and aBMD. RESULTS Males were stronger compared to females regarding muscular fitness indicators in childhood and adulthood, and presented higher mean values for aBMD in adulthood, except for lumbar spine (p < 0.05). Regression analysis revealed that some muscular fitness indicators in childhood showed significant positive relationship with bone health indicators in adulthood, such as: handgrip strength and total body aBMD (β = 0.005; R2 = 0.35; p = 0.040) and upper limbs aBMD (β = 0.005; R2 = 0.55; p = 0.019); and sit-ups test was a significant predictors of lumbar spine BMD (β = 0.003; R2 = 0.06; p = 0.039). Mediation analysis pointed out the following: adulthood handgrip strength mediated relationships between childhood handgrip strength and total aBMD (indirect effect (IE) = 0.0025; 95%CI = 0.0005-0.0048), and upper limbs aBMD (IE = 0.0040; 95%CI = 0.0017-0.0069). CONCLUSIONS Muscular fitness indicators in childhood showed significant relationship with bone health indicators in adulthood and the sit-ups test in childhood had direct effect on lumbar spine aBMD in adulthood. Adulthood handgrip strength mediated the relationship between childhood handgrip strength and total body and upper limb aBMD, pointing out that muscular fitness in childhood may be a aBMD determinant in adulthood, especially when higher muscle fitness performance is maintained in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Correa Lopes Barbosa
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Londrina State University - UEL, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, University Campus, P.O. box 6001, 86051-990, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Humanities, Federal Technological University of Paraná - UTFPR, Apucarana, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar da Costa
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Londrina State University - UEL, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, University Campus, P.O. box 6001, 86051-990, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Catiana Leila Possamai Romanzini
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Londrina State University - UEL, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, University Campus, P.O. box 6001, 86051-990, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana Biagi Batista
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Londrina State University - UEL, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, University Campus, P.O. box 6001, 86051-990, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Blasquez-Shigaki
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Londrina State University - UEL, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, University Campus, P.O. box 6001, 86051-990, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Araújo Fernandes
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise Research Laboratory (LIVE), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, State São Paulo University - UNESP, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diogo V Martinho
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tomás Oliveira
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís P Ribeiro
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Enio Ricardo Vaz Ronque
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Londrina State University - UEL, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, University Campus, P.O. box 6001, 86051-990, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Skinner AM, Vlachopoulos D, Barker AR, Moore SA, Rowlands AV, Soininen S, Haapala EA, Väistö J, Westgate K, Brage S, Lakka TA. Physical activity volume and intensity distribution in relation to bone, lean and fat mass in children. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:267-282. [PMID: 36326758 PMCID: PMC10947490 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Considering physical activity (PA) volume and intensity may provide novel insights into the relationships of PA with bone, lean, and fat mass. This study aimed to assess the associations of PA volume, PA intensity distribution, including moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) with total-body-less-head bone mineral content (BMC), lean, and fat mass in children. A population sample of 290 Finnish children (158 females) aged 9-11 years from the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) Study was studied. PA, including MVPA, was assessed with a combined heart rate and movement sensor, and the uniaxial acceleration was used to calculate average-acceleration (a proxy metric for PA volume) and intensity-gradient (reflective of PA intensity distribution). Linear regression analyzed the associations of PA volume, PA intensity and MVPA with BMC, lean mass, and fat mass assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. PA volume was positively associated with BMC in females (unstandardised regression coefficient [ß] = 0.26) and males (ß = 0.47), and positively associated with lean (ß = 7.33) and negatively associated with fat mass in males (ß = -20.62). PA intensity was negatively associated with BMC in males (ß = -0.13). MVPA was positively associated with lean mass in females and males (ß = 0.007 to 0.012), and negatively associated with fat mass in females and males (ß = -0.030 to -0.029). PA volume may be important for improving BMC in females and males, and increasing lean and reducing fat mass in males, whereas MVPA may be important for favorable lean and fat outcomes in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie M. Skinner
- Children's Health and Exercise Research CentreUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | | | - Alan R. Barker
- Children's Health and Exercise Research CentreUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Sarah A. Moore
- School of Health and Human PerformanceDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | - Alex V. Rowlands
- Assessment of Movement Behaviours Group (AMBer), Leicester Lifestyle and Health Research Group, Diabetes Research CentreUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research CentreLeicesterUK
- Division of Health Sciences, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health ResearchUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Sonja Soininen
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Social and Health CenterVarkausFinland
| | - Eero A. Haapala
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Juuso Väistö
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Kate Westgate
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Timo A. Lakka
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear MedicineKuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and NutritionKuopio Research Institute of Exercise MedicineKuopioFinland
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Skinner AM, Rowlands AV, Vlachopoulos D, Barker AR, Janz KF, Moore SA. The Influence of Accelerometer Epoch Length on Associations of Physical Activity Intensity and Volume with Bone Outcomes. J Sports Sci Med 2023; 22:117-132. [PMID: 36876186 PMCID: PMC9982530 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Two accelerometer metrics (intensity-gradient and average-acceleration) can be used to determine the relative contributions of physical activity (PA) volume and intensity for health, but it is unknown whether epoch length influences the associations detected. This is important when considering bone health, as bone is particularly responsive to high intensity PA, which may be underestimated by longer epochs. This study aimed to assess the associations between average-acceleration, a proxy measure of PA volume, and intensity-gradient, reflective of PA intensity distribution, from PA data from 1-s to 60-s epochs at age 17 to 23 years with bone outcomes at age 23 years. This is a secondary analysis of 220 participants (124 females) from the Iowa Bone Development Study, a longitudinal study of bone health from childhood to early adulthood. Accelerometer-assessed PA data, captured at age 17 to 23 years, were summarised over 1-s, 5-s, 15-s, 30-s, and 60-s epochs, to generate average-acceleration and intensity-gradient from each epoch length, averaged across ages. Regression analysed associations between mutually adjusted average-acceleration and intensity-gradient with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry assessed total-body-less-head (TBLH) bone mineral content (BMC), spine areal bone mineral density (aBMD), hip aBMD, and femoral neck cross-sectional area and section modulus at age 23 years. Intensity-gradient was positively associated with TBLH BMC in females, with spine aBMD in males, and with hip aBMD and geometry in both sexes, when a 1 to 5-s epoch was used. Average-acceleration was positively associated with TBLH BMC, spine aBMD and hip aBMD in males, generally when the adjustment for intensity-gradient was from > 1-s epochs. Intensity and volume were important for bone outcomes in both sexes and males, respectively. A 1 to 5-s epoch length was most appropriate to assess the mutually adjusted associations of intensity-gradient and average-acceleration with bone outcomes in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie M Skinner
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Alex V Rowlands
- Assessment of Movement Behaviours Group (AMBer), Leicester Lifestyle and Health Research Group, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, UK
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Alan R Barker
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Kathleen F Janz
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Sarah A Moore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Peeters N, Hanssen B, De Beukelaer N, Vandekerckhove I, Walhain F, Huyghe E, Dewit T, Feys H, Van Campenhout A, Van den Broeck C, Calders P, Desloovere K. A comprehensive normative reference database of muscle morphology in typically developing children aged 3-18 years-a cross-sectional ultrasound study. J Anat 2023; 242:754-770. [PMID: 36650912 PMCID: PMC10093158 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During childhood, muscle growth is stimulated by a gradual increase in bone length and body mass, as well as by other factors, such as physical activity, nutrition, metabolic, hormonal, and genetic factors. Muscle characteristics, such as muscle volume, anatomical cross-sectional area, and muscle belly length, need to continuously adapt to meet the daily functional demands. Pediatric neurological and neuromuscular disorders, like cerebral palsy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, are characterized by impaired muscle growth, which requires treatment and close follow-up. Nowadays ultrasonography is a commonly used technique to evaluate muscle morphology in both pediatric pathologies and typically developing children, as it is a quick, easy applicable, and painless method. However, large normative datasets including different muscles and a large age range are lacking, making it challenging to monitor muscle over time and estimate the level of pathology. Moreover, in order to compare individuals with different body sizes as a result of age differences or pathology, muscle morphology is often normalized to body size. Yet, the usefulness and practicality of different normalization techniques are still unknown, and clear recommendations for normalization are lacking. In this cross-sectional cohort study, muscle morphology of four lower limb muscles (medial gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, the distal compartment of the semitendinosus, rectus femoris) was assessed by 3D-freehand ultrasound in 118 typically developing children (mean age 10.35 ± 4.49 years) between 3 and 18 years of age. The development of muscle morphology was studied over the full age range, as well as separately for the pre-pubertal (3-10 years) and pubertal (11-18 years) cohorts. The assumptions of a simple linear regression were checked. If these assumptions were fulfilled, the cross-sectional growth curves were described by a simple linear regression equation. Additional ANCOVA analyses were performed to evaluate muscle- or gender-specific differences in muscle development. Furthermore, different scaling methods, to normalize muscle morphology parameters, were explored. The most appropriate scaling method was selected based on the smallest slope of the morphology parameter with respect to age, with a non-significant correlation coefficient. Additionally, correlation coefficients were compared by a Steiger's Z-test to identify the most efficient scaling technique. The current results revealed that it is valid to describe muscle volume (with exception of the rectus femoris muscle) and muscle belly length alterations over age by a simple linear regression equation till the age of 11 years. Normalizing muscle morphology data by allometric scaling was found to be most useful for comparing muscle volumes of different pediatric populations. For muscle lengths, normalization can be achieved by either allometric and ratio scaling. This study provides a unique normative database of four lower limb muscles in typically developing children between the age of 3 and 18 years. These data can be used as a reference database for pediatric populations and may also serve as a reference frame to better understand both physiological and pathological muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Peeters
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Britta Hanssen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Fenna Walhain
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Anatomy, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Ester Huyghe
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tijl Dewit
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, University Hospitals Leuven, Pellenberg, Belgium
| | - Hilde Feys
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anja Van Campenhout
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Patrick Calders
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kaat Desloovere
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, University Hospitals Leuven, Pellenberg, Belgium
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9
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Tlacuilo-Parra A, Soto-Padilla J, Toro-Castro L, Gutierrez-Hermosillo V, Guevara-Gutierrez E. Diminished cortical bone density of long bones among children with haemophilic arthropathy. Haemophilia 2023; 29:274-281. [PMID: 36253885 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children with haemophilia (CwH) have lower bone mineral density in the spine (trabecular bone) than healthy children. There are few studies focusing on bone mineral density in long bones (cortical bone). AIM To evaluate bi-laterally the distal third of radius and midshaft tibias using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and assess the speed of sound (SoS). METHODS A cross-sectional study where 91 CwH and 91 age-matched healthy boys were included. Joint evaluation was determined with the Haemophilia Joint Health Score 2.1 and SoS values. The Z scores were measured with the Sunlight Omnisense 8000 S equipment. RESULTS Ninety-one CwH (haemophilia A) were evaluated (26 mild form, 26 moderate, and 39 severe). Most patients were treated with on-demand factor replacement and had higher total HJHS scores according to severity (4.8, 14.8 and 14.1, respectively). Patients with moderate and severe disease showed a statistical difference in SoS values for both radius and tibias compared to controls. QUS Z-scores ≥-2 were more frequent in radius and tibias in CwH, but were statistically significant only in tibias when compared to controls (in 30% mild, 46% moderate, 28% severe, respectively). CONCLUSIONS There was diminished cortical bone density in radius and tibias of CwH compared to healthy controls. Changes predominated in tibias, more frequently affected according to the severity of haemophilia. Early intervention with factor replacement combined with physical activity are key aspects to promote bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Tlacuilo-Parra
- Medical Research Division. UMAE Hospital de Pediatria, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente IMSS, Guadalajara, México
| | - Janet Soto-Padilla
- Pediatric Hematology Department. UMAE Hospital de Pediatria, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente IMSS, Guadalajara, México
| | - Luis Toro-Castro
- Pediatric Hematology Department. UMAE Hospital de Pediatria, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente IMSS, Guadalajara, México
| | - Violeta Gutierrez-Hermosillo
- Medical Research Division. UMAE Hospital de Pediatria, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente IMSS, Guadalajara, México
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10
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Bim MA, Pinto ADA, de Angelo HCC, Gonzaga I, Guimarães ACDA, Felden ÉPG, de Carvalho WRG, Hind K, Pelegrini A. Relationship between body composition and bone mass in normal-weight and overweight adolescents. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14108. [PMID: 36348662 PMCID: PMC9637351 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period characterized by large accumulation of bone mass. Body composition is an important determinant of bone mass. This study aimed to assess the relationship of bone mass with lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) in normal-weight and overweight adolescents with consideration of sex, sexual maturation and physical activity covariates. A total of 118 adolescents (60 girls and 58 boys) aged between 10 and 14 years participated in the study. Individuals were classified as normal weight or overweight according to body mass index. Bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), LM, and FM were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In normal-weight adolescents, LM (β = 0.725, p < 0.001) and FM (β = 0.185, p = 0.019) were associated with lumbar spine BMC, whereas in overweight adolescents only LM (β = 0.736, p < 0.001) was associated with lumbar spine BMC. Furthermore, in the normal-weight group, FM and LM were associated with total body less head BMD (LM, β = 0.792, p < 0.001; FM, β = 0.257, p = 0.007) and lumbar spine BMD (LM, β = 0.553, p < 0.001; FM, β = 0.199, p < 0.035). In the overweight group, only LM was associated with total body less head BMD (β = 0.682, p < 0.001) and lumbar spine BMD (β = 0.528, p < 0.001). LM was the main predictor of bone mass in normal-weight and overweight adolescents. FM was associated with bone mass in normal-weight adolescents only. LM may be considered an important and useful marker in adolescents, when investigating bone health in this population. Activities that promote LM gain to reduce the risk of bone fractures and diseases in adulthood are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Isadora Gonzaga
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Karen Hind
- Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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11
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Fu Y, Wang J, Schroyen M, Chen G, Zhang HJ, Wu SG, Li BM, Qi GH. Effects of rearing systems on the eggshell quality, bone parameters and expression of genes related to bone remodeling in aged laying hens. Front Physiol 2022; 13:962330. [PMID: 36117717 PMCID: PMC9470921 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.962330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Public concerns regarding animal welfare are changing the selection of rearing systems in laying hens. This study investigated the effects of rearing systems on eggshell quality, bone parameters and relative expression levels of genes related to bone remodeling in aged laying hens. A total of 2,952 55-day-old Jing Tint Six pullets were randomly assigned to place in the conventional caging system (CCS) or aviary system (AVS) and kept until 95 weeks of age. The AVS group delayed the decrease of eggshell quality and alleviated the symptoms of osteoporosis in the humerus rather than in the femur. Eggshell breaking strength, thickness, weight, weight ratio, stiffness and fracture toughness were decreased linearly with age (from 55 to 95 weeks of age, p < 0.05). The AVS group had higher eggshell breaking strength, stiffness and fracture toughness than the CCS group (p < 0.05). Higher total calcium and phosphorus per egg were presented in the AVS group at 95 weeks of age (p < 0.05). At 95 weeks of age, the AVS group had a humerus with higher weight, volume, length, midpoint perimeter, cortical index, fat-free dry weight, ash content, total calcium per bone, total phosphorus per bone, average bone mineral density, strength, stiffness and work to fracture compared to the CCS group (p < 0.05). Such differences did not appear in the femur. The relative expression levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) genes in the femur and hormone receptors (vitamin D receptor (VDR), estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)) genes in the humerus were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) in the AVS group. The level of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) transcripts was also increased (p < 0.05) in the femur of the AVS group. Overall, compared with the CCS, the AVS alleviated the deterioration of eggshell and bone qualities of aged laying hens, which may be related to the changes in the expression of genes associated with bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Martine Schroyen
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-environmental Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-geng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-environmental Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guang-hai Qi, ; Bao-ming Li,
| | - Guang-hai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guang-hai Qi, ; Bao-ming Li,
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12
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Ning K, Wang Z, Zhang XA. Exercise-induced modulation of myokine irisin in bone and cartilage tissue—Positive effects on osteoarthritis: A narrative review. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:934406. [PMID: 36062149 PMCID: PMC9439853 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.934406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative musculoskeletal disease characterized by pathological changes in joint structures along with the incidence of which increases with age. Exercise is recommended for all clinical treatment guidelines of osteoarthritis, but the exact molecular mechanisms are still unknown. Irisin is a newly discovered myokine released mainly by skeletal muscle in recent years—a biologically active protein capable of being released into the bloodstream as an endocrine factor, the synthesis and secretion of which is specifically induced by exercise-induced muscle contraction. Although the discovery of irisin is relatively recent, its role in affecting bone density and cartilage homeostasis has been reported. Here, we review the production and structural characteristics of irisin and discuss the effects of the different types of exercise involved in the current study on irisin and the role of irisin in anti-aging. In addition, the role of irisin in the regulation of bone mineral density, bone metabolism, and its role in chondrocyte homeostasis and metabolism is reviewed. A series of studies on irisin have provided new insights into the mechanisms of exercise training in improving bone density, resisting cartilage degeneration, and maintaining the overall environmental homeostasis of the joint. These studies further contribute to the understanding of the role of exercise in the fight against osteoarthritis and will provide an important reference and aid in the development of the field of osteoarthritis prevention and treatment.
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13
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Guan Y, Lu YH, Lei SF. Physical activities mediate the correlations between serum creatinine and bone mineral density in Chinese. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 524:25-33. [PMID: 34843706 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between serum creatinine (CR) and osteoporosis under normal renal function and the possible mediating effects mediated by physical activity (PA) are largely unknown. METHODS A total of 4,137 elderly Chinese subjects were recruited. Three models including different covariates were established. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between CR and bone mineral density (BMD) and also under different PA pattern. Logistic regression was used to investigate the interaction between CR*PA with osteoporosis. PA was used as a moderating variable to investigate the relationship between CR and BMD. RESULTS As we expected, the association between CR and BMD remained significant after adjusting covariates in all models. The relationship between CR and BMD showed changeable pattern in case of different physical activity. Specially, the moderating effects of PA on serum creatinine and BMD were significant for all models only in the case of medium physical activity (PA3). CONCLUSIONS In Chinese elderly under normal renal function, serum CR is positively correlated with BMD, and medium physical activity has mediation effect on such correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guan
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Yi-Hua Lu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, PR China
| | - Shu-Feng Lei
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
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14
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Maillane-Vanegas S, Luiz-de-Marco R, Narciso PH, Faustino-da-Silva YVDS, Kemper H, Ribeiro Agostinete R, A Fernandes R. More than Sports Participation: The Role of Ground Reaction Force, Osteocalcin and Lean Soft Tissue on Bone Density Accrual in Adolescents: ABCD Growth Study. J Clin Densitom 2022; 25:61-72. [PMID: 34391643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify predictors of 12-mo areal bone density accrual in different body segments, lean soft tissue, and osteogenic characteristics attributed to sports participation among adolescent girls and boys. Adolescents (Girls [n = 64], [aged = 14.7]); Boys [n = 129], [aged = 14.6]) were stratified into three groups according to their engagement in different sports (Control [n = 68], Swimming [n = 25], and Weight-bearing sports [n = 100]). Areal bone density (aBMD [g/cm²]) and lean soft tissue (LST) [kg] were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA; Lunar DPX-NT; General Electric Healthcare, Little Chalfont, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom). The ground reaction force (GRF) index attributed to sports participation (Sport-GRF) was created considering the GRF attributed to each sport, body weight of the adolescent, and the amount of time spent in sports participation. Osteocalcin levels (ng/mL) were estimated from a venous blood sample. Multiple regression analysis showed that after adjusting for covariates, the models involving sport-GRF, LST (Δ), and osteocalcin explained 15.8% to 76.2% of the aBMD gains. Specifically in girls, OC was only associated with lower limb aBMD accrual. In boys, however, sport ground reaction forces were positively associated with total spine aBMD accrual. Furthermore, the LST (Δ) was positively associated with aBMD accrual in all body sites (β = 0.003 to 0.011) in both sexes. Increases in LST contributed significantly to gains in aBMD accrual in both sexes, being a more important predictor of changes in bone outcomes than ground reaction forces and osteocalcin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Maillane-Vanegas
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil; Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise LIVE, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Luiz-de-Marco
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil; Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise LIVE, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Narciso
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise LIVE, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | | | - Han Kemper
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro Agostinete
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil; Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise LIVE, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Rômulo A Fernandes
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil; Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise LIVE, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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15
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Xu F, Zhang Q, Wang LK, Tang QX, Sun CQ, Deng HW. Estimates of the effects of physical activity on osteoporosis using multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1359-1367. [PMID: 33439309 PMCID: PMC8195838 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study estimates causality of physical activity (PA) on bone mineral density (BMD) by conducting multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR). The findings suggest that habitual vigorous PA increases lumbar spine BMD, and higher overall acceleration average would improve forearm BMD. The results could promote PA intervention targeting individuals with optimized type. INTRODUCTION Evidence from epidemiologic studies showed type, frequency, and duration of PA influenced BMD. However, these observational studies may be confounded by many factors, resulting in spurious associations. We aimed to conduct multivariable MR to estimate the causal effect of self-reported and device-measured PA on osteoporosis. METHODS Three self-reported and two device-measured PA-related traits were selected as exposures. Outcomes were BMD at different skeletal sites: femoral neck BMD (FN BMD), lumbar spine BMD (LS BMD), and forearm BMD (FA BMD). Exposure datasets were obtained from UK Biobank with total 377,234 subjects. Outcome datasets were obtained from GEFOS consortium with 53,236 subjects. Standard MR analysis and multivariable MR were conducted to assess the total and direct causal effect of PA on BMD. RESULTS For self-reported PA, inverse-normalized moderate-to-vigorous had a direct causal effect on FN BMD independently (β = - 1.116 (95% confidence interval, 95%CI: - 2.210, - 0.023), P = 0.045); vigorous PA showed a direct effect (β = 3.592 (95%CI: 0.310, 6.874), P = 0.032) on LS BMD independently. While overall acceleration average and fraction of accelerations both had a direct causal effect on FA BMD independently. CONCLUSIONS Habitual vigorous PA could increase LS BMD. Individuals with higher overall acceleration average would have a higher FA BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Q Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - L-K Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Q-X Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - C-Q Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.
- School of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - H-W Deng
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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16
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Narciso PH, Werneck AO, Luiz-de-Marco R, Ventura Faustino-da-Silva YDS, Maillane-Vanegas S, Agostinete RR, Fernandes RA. Influential role of lean soft tissue in the association between training volume and bone mineral density among male adolescent practitioners of impact-loading sports: ABCD Growth study. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:496. [PMID: 33115423 PMCID: PMC7592582 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Training volume is associated with direct and indirect pathways of bone adaptations. In addition, training volume is a training variable associated with lean soft tissue (LST), which has been shown to be an important predictor of areal bone mineral density (aBMD). Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the influential role of lean soft tissue (LST) in the association between training volume and aBMD in male adolescent athletes. METHODS This cross-sectional study was composed of 299 male adolescent athletes, mean age 14.1 (1.8) years, from 9 different weight-bearing modalities. The Ethical Board approved the investigation. The adolescents reported the number of days per week they trained and the time spent training and, from this, the training volume (h/wk) was estimated. The LST and aBMD were assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Somatic maturation was estimated by the peak of height velocity. Mediation analysis was performed to investigate the role of LST in the association between training volume and aBMD. Level of significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS LST partially explained the association between training volume and aBMD in all body segments: upper limbs (58.37%; β = 0.00142), lower limbs (28.35%; β = 0.00156), spine (33.80%; β = 0.00124), and whole body (41.82%, β = 0.00131). There was no direct effect of training volume on aBMD in upper limbs (CI -0.00085 to 0.00287). CONCLUSION The association between training volume and aBMD is influenced by LST in different body segments, mainly upper limbs, demonstrating that interventions aiming to enhance aBMD should also consider LST as an important variable to be managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Narciso
- Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Avenue, 305. Educational Center, SP, CEP: 19060-900, Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
| | | | - Rafael Luiz-de-Marco
- Department of Physical Education, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | | | - Santiago Maillane-Vanegas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Post-Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro Agostinete
- Department of Physical Education, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Araújo Fernandes
- Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Avenue, 305. Educational Center, SP, CEP: 19060-900, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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17
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Wiener RC, Findley PA, Shen C, Dwibedi N, Sambamoorthi U. Relationship between smoking status and muscle strength in the United States older adults. Epidemiol Health 2020; 42:e2020055. [PMID: 32777884 PMCID: PMC7871150 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Muscle strength in older adults is associated with greater physical ability. Identifying interventions to maintain muscle strength can therefore improve quality of life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether current or former smoking status is associated with a decrease in muscle strength in older adults. METHODS Data from the Health and Retirement Study from 2012-2014 were analyzed with regard to maximum dominant hand grip strength, maximum overall hand grip strength, and smoking status (current, former, or never). Unadjusted linear regression was conducted. Other factors known to be related to strength were included in the adjusted linear regression analyses. RESULTS For maximum grip strength, the regression coefficient was 4.91 for current smoking (standard error [SE], 0.58; p<0.001), 3.58 for former smoking (SE, 0.43; p<0.001), and 28.12 for never smoking (SE, 0.34). Fully adjusted linear regression on the relationship between dominant hand grip strength and smoking did not yield a significant result. The factors significantly associated with dominant hand grip strength were male sex, younger age, a race/ethnicity of non-Hispanic White or non-Hispanic Black, higher income, morbidity of ≤1 condition, no pain, and moderate or vigorous exercise more than once a week. CONCLUSIONS Muscle strength in older adults was not associated with smoking status in the adjusted analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Constance Wiener
- Department of Dental Practice and Rural Health, West Virginia University, School of Dentistry, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Chan Shen
- Department of Surgery, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nilanjana Dwibedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Usha Sambamoorthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Henriques-Neto D, Magalhães JP, Hetherington-Rauth M, Santos DA, Baptista F, Sardinha LB. Physical Fitness and Bone Health in Young Athletes and Nonathletes. Sports Health 2020; 12:441-448. [PMID: 32660392 PMCID: PMC7485020 DOI: 10.1177/1941738120931755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) are crucial for bone health. However, children participating in competitive sports with high PA are at a greater risk of fracture from trauma or overuse. Given the importance of bone development during adolescence, associations between commonly used physical fitness tests with distal third radius (R-SoS) and midshaft tibia (T-SoS) speed of sound by quantitative ultrasound were assessed in adolescent athletes and nonathletes. HYPOTHESIS The relationship between physical fitness tests and R-SoS and T-SoS will differ depending on sex and athletic status. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. METHODS Physical fitness of 285 boys (156 athletes) and 311 girls (74 athletes) aged 10 to 18 years was assessed through strength, speed, agility, and cardiorespiratory tests. Linear regression was used to assess the associations of physical fitness tests with R-SoS and T-SoS. RESULTS For boys, favorable associations were observed between physical fitness tests with R-SoS in athletes and T-SoS in both athletes and nonathletes (P < 0.05). For nonathlete girls, favorable associations were found for handgrip (R-SoS and T-SoS, both P < 0.05), whereas the progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run, vertical jump, speed at 20 m and 40 m were only favorably associated with T-SoS. For athlete girls, the association between handgrip (P = 0.03), vertical jump, and 4 × 10 m shuttle run (P < 0.05) with T-SoS was significantly related to a bone outcome. CONCLUSION The handgrip test and vertical jump were associated with T-SoS in boys and girls independent of sport status. These results suggest that physical fitness is associated with bone health in adolescents, particularly boys, and that the relationship between physical fitness and bone may differ depending on sex and athletic status. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Physical fitness tests are simple, easy-to-use tools for monitoring bone health and should be used by sport and health professsionals to promote healthy sport participation and prevent bone injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte Henriques-Neto
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana,
Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
- COP, Comité Olímpico de Portugal,
Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João P. Magalhães
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana,
Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | | | - Diana A. Santos
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana,
Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Fátima Baptista
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana,
Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Luís B. Sardinha
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana,
Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
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19
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ROWLANDS ALEXV, EDWARDSON CHARLOTTEL, DAWKINS NATHANP, MAYLOR BEND, METCALF KRISTENM, JANZ KATHLEENF. Physical Activity for Bone Health: How Much and/or How Hard? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:2331-2341. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Higgins S, Sokolowski CM, Vishwanathan M, Schmidt MD, Evans EM, Lewis RD. Sex-Specific Muscular Mediation of the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Cortical Bone in Young Adults. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:81-91. [PMID: 31499590 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Muscle mass is a commonly cited mediator of the relationship between physical activity (PA) and bone, representing the mechanical forces generated during PA. However, neuromuscular properties (eg, peak force) also account for unique portions of variance in skeletal outcomes. We used serial multiple mediation to explore the intermediary role of muscle mass and force in the relationships between cortical bone and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA). In a cross-sectional sample of young adults (n = 147, 19.7 ± 0.7 years old, 52.4% female) cortical diaphyseal bone was assessed via peripheral quantitative computed tomography at the mid-tibia. Peak isokinetic torque in knee extension was assessed via Biodex dynamometer. Thigh fat-free soft tissue (FFST) mass, assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, represented the muscular aspect of tibial mechanical forces. Habitual MVPA was assessed objectively over 7 days using Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers. Participants exceeded MVPA guidelines (89.14 ± 27.29 min/day), with males performing 44.5% more vigorous-intensity activity relative to females (p < 0.05). Males had greater knee extension torque and thigh FFST mass compared to females (55.3%, and 34.2%, respectively, all p < 0.05). In combined-sex models, controlling for tibia length and age, MVPA was associated with strength strain index (pSSI) through two indirect pathways: (i) thigh FFST mass (b = 1.11 ± 0.37; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.93), and (i) thigh FFST mass and knee extensor torque in sequence (b = 0.30 ± 0.16; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.73). However, in sex-specific models MVPA was associated with pSSI indirectly through its relationship with knee extensor torque in males (b = 0.78 ± 0.48; 95% CI, 0.04 to 2.02) and thigh FFST mass in females (b = 1.12 ± 0.50; 95% CI, 0.37 to 2.46). Bootstrapped CIs confirmed these mediation pathways. The relationship between MVPA and cortical structure appears to be mediated by muscle in young adults, with potential sex-differences in the muscular pathway. If confirmed, these findings may highlight novel avenues for the promotion of bone strength in young adults. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Higgins
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Exercise Science, Elon University, Elon, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ellen M Evans
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Richard D Lewis
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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21
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Yamakita M, Ando D, Akiyama Y, Sato M, Suzuki K, Yamagata Z. Association of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior with bone stiffness in peripubertal children. J Bone Miner Metab 2019; 37:1095-1103. [PMID: 31214840 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-019-01021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity (PA) is a key factor of bone mass acquisition in peripubertal children. Sedentary behavior (SB) has been shown to influence bone outcomes. This study aimed to examine the association between objectively measured PA and SB and bone stiffness in Japanese children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were fifth-grade children aged 10-11 years from Project Koshu. The stiffness index (SI) of the calcaneus was measured by quantitative ultrasound; PA and SB were evaluated by an accelerometer. Each PA parameter was divided into sex-specific tertile or stratified by recommended PA guideline [≥ 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA)]. The SI was compared among PA and SB through analysis of covariance with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS Of 174 children, complete data were obtained from 134 (60 boys and 74 girls). The SI in boys was higher in the highest tertile of MVPA than that in the other groups. A similar association was found in girls but was not significant. Children who met the PA guideline had higher SI than those who did not, but there was no significant difference. A negative relation was observed in girls, with the SI gradually decreasing along with increasing SB (p for trend = 0.038). This association was not observed among boys. CONCLUSION This study suggests that MVPA is positively associated with bone stiffness in Japanese schoolchildren in boys and SB is negatively associated with that in girls. Reducing SB might be a brief modifiable factor for preventing lower peak bone mass in girls, in addition to increasing MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuya Yamakita
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Ando
- Division of Human Sciences, Faculty of Education, Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuka Akiyama
- Division of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, Basic Science for Clinical Medicine, Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Miri Sato
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kohta Suzuki
- Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Division of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, Basic Science for Clinical Medicine, Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
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