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Power C, Fitzpatrick P. Child and adolescent patterns of commuting to school. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102404. [PMID: 37810264 PMCID: PMC10558775 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization stipulate children and adolescents should accumulate 60 min of physical activity (PA) daily; globally only 25% achieve this. Active travel to school (ATS) is a method of integrating PA into daily life with a documented health benefit accruing. Understanding factors associated with ATS is essential to inform a systems approach to increase ATS participation. This study described patterns of commuting to school and examined factors associated with ATS. Children's Sport Participation & Physical Activity Study 2018 data was used, an all-Ireland cross-sectional study of 6,650 students. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors independently associated with ATS. Most common commute to school methods were private car for primary (57%) and public transport for secondary (39%) students. The recommended 60 min of daily PA a week prior to the survey was achieved by 19.5% for primary and 12.6% for secondary students. Republic of Ireland (ROI) nationality (OR 1.09 95 %CI 1.02-1.16), meeting PA guidelines (OR 1.26 95 %CI 1.08-1.46), attending a ROI school (OR 2.27 95 %CI 2.02-2.57), attending a non-Delivering Equality of Opportunity in Schools (DEIS) school (OR 2.47 95 %CI 1.87-3.24), attending an urban school (OR 3.96 95 %CI 3.41-4.59) were each independently statistically significantly associated with ATS. Living in a family with a car (OR 0.27 95 %CI 0.19-0.39), attending secondary school (OR 0.69 95 %CI 0.62-0.78), attending a small sized (<33rd percentile) school (OR 0.68 95 %CI 0.60-0.77), living >5 km from school (OR 0.22 95 %CI 0.2-0.24) were each significantly negatively associated with ATS. ATS is a means of increasing youth PA and health. Factors associated with ATS can inform further research and intervention to increase ATS participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Power
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patricia Fitzpatrick
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
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2
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He M, Li J, Shi Z, Liu Y, Shuai C, Liu J. Exploring the Nonlinear and Threshold Effects of Travel Distance on the Travel Mode Choice across Different Groups: An Empirical Study of Guiyang, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16045. [PMID: 36498117 PMCID: PMC9739783 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Examining how travel distance is associated with travel mode choice is essential for understanding traveler travel patterns and the potential mechanisms of behavioral changes. Although existing studies have explored the effect of travel distance on travel mode choice, most overlook their non-linear relationship and the heterogeneity between groups. In this study, the correlation between travel distance and travel mode choice is explored by applying the random forest model based on resident travel survey data in Guiyang, China. The results show that travel distance is far more important than other determinants for understanding the mechanism of travel mode choice. Travel distance contributes to 42.28% of explanation power for predicting travel mode choice and even 63.24% for walking. Significant nonlinear associations and threshold effects are found between travel distance and travel mode choice, and such nonlinear associations vary significantly across different socioeconomic groups. Policymakers are recommended to understand the group heterogeneity of travel mode choice behavior and to make targeted interventions for different groups with different travel distances. These results can provide beneficial guidance for optimizing the spatial layout of transportation infrastructure and improving the operational efficiency of low-carbon transportation systems.
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Evans JT, Phan H, Buscot MJ, Gall S, Cleland V. Correlates and determinants of transport-related physical activity among adults: an interdisciplinary systematic review. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1519. [PMID: 35945518 PMCID: PMC9363261 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13937-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transport-related physical activity (TRPA) has been identified as a way to increase physical activity due to its discretionary and habitual nature. Factors thought to influence TRPA span multiple disciplines and are rarely systematically considered in unison. This systematic review aimed to identify cross-sectional and longitudinal factors associated with adult TRPA across multiple research disciplines. METHODS Using four electronic databases, a systematic search of English, peer-reviewed literature from 2010 - 2020 was performed. Studies quantitatively examining factors associated with the outcome of adult TRPA were eligible. RESULTS Seventy-three studies (n = 66 cross-sectional; n = 7 longitudinal) were included, cumulatively reporting data from 1,278,632 observations. Thirty-six factors were examined for potential association with TRPA and presented in a social-ecological framework: individual (n = 15), social (n = 3), and environmental (n = 18). Seven factors were found to be consistently associated with higher adult TRPA: lower socio-economic status, higher self-efficacy, higher social normalization, lower distance of travel, higher destination concentration, more streetlighting, and higher public transportation frequency with a greater number of terminals near route start and endpoints. CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive compilation of the correlates and determinants of adult TRPA. Seven individual, social, and environmental factors demonstrated consistent associations with TRPA. Models formed using these factors may facilitate more effective promotion of TRPA. There is a lack of longitudinal studies as well as studies assessing cognitive/attitudinal and social factors, highlighting gaps for further research. Those developing policies and strategies targeting TRPA need to consider a range of factors at the individual, social, and environmental level to maximise the likelihood of effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Evans
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., 7000, Hobart, Australia
| | - Hoang Phan
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., 7000, Hobart, Australia
| | - Marie-Jeanne Buscot
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., 7000, Hobart, Australia
| | - Seana Gall
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., 7000, Hobart, Australia
- Adjunct Associate Professor, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Verity Cleland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., 7000, Hobart, Australia.
- Honorary Fellow, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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Gálvez-Fernández P, Chillón P, Aranda-Balboa MJ, Herrador-Colmenero M. Preliminary Results of a Bicycle Training Course on Adults' Environmental Perceptions and Their Mode of Commuting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063448. [PMID: 35329138 PMCID: PMC8955713 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to analyze the effects of a bicycle training course on both adults’ environmental perceptions and their mode of commuting. Four bicycle training courses for adults were conducted in Granada, Spain in April 2015 and May 2016. The course program was focused on developing practical skills and attitudes on road. From the initial 65 adults who started the course, only 35 adults met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Participants completed twice (i.e., before and after the course) a questionnaire about their perceptions of the environment, usual mode of commuting to daily destinations, and sociodemographic characteristics. After finishing the initial questionnaire, the participants completed a bicycle training course based on the methodology “Bikeability” with a duration of 6 h. The results suggest that participants improved their safety perception in relation to the level of crime in the participants’ neighborhood after the bicycle training course. Cycling training courses should last longer in order to produce changes in the mode of commuting and in the environmental perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gálvez-Fernández
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-F.); (M.J.A.-B.); (M.H.-C.)
| | - Palma Chillón
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-F.); (M.J.A.-B.); (M.H.-C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - María Jesús Aranda-Balboa
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-F.); (M.J.A.-B.); (M.H.-C.)
| | - Manuel Herrador-Colmenero
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-F.); (M.J.A.-B.); (M.H.-C.)
- La Inmaculada Teacher Training Centre, University of Granada, 18013 Granada, Spain
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Khunti K, Griffin S, Brennan A, Dallosso H, Davies M, Eborall H, Edwardson C, Gray L, Hardeman W, Heathcote L, Henson J, Morton K, Pollard D, Sharp S, Sutton S, Troughton J, Yates T. Behavioural interventions to promote physical activity in a multiethnic population at high risk of diabetes: PROPELS three-arm RCT. Health Technol Assess 2022; 25:1-190. [PMID: 34995176 DOI: 10.3310/hta25770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is a leading cause of mortality globally and accounts for significant health resource expenditure. Increased physical activity can reduce the risk of diabetes. However, the longer-term clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of physical activity interventions in those at high risk of type 2 diabetes is unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether or not Walking Away from Diabetes (Walking Away) - a low-resource, 3-hour group-based behavioural intervention designed to promote physical activity through pedometer use in those with prediabetes - leads to sustained increases in physical activity when delivered with and without an integrated mobile health intervention compared with control. DESIGN Three-arm, parallel-group, pragmatic, superiority randomised controlled trial with follow-up conducted at 12 and 48 months. SETTING Primary care and the community. PARTICIPANTS Adults whose primary care record included a prediabetic blood glucose measurement recorded within the past 5 years [HbA1c ≥ 42 mmol/mol (6.0%), < 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) mmol/mol; fasting glucose ≥ 5.5 mmol/l, < 7.0 mmol/l; or 2-hour post-challenge glucose ≥ 7.8 mmol/l, < 11.1 mmol/l] were recruited between December 2013 and February 2015. Data collection was completed in July 2019. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomised (1 : 1 : 1) using a web-based tool to (1) control (information leaflet), (2) Walking Away with annual group-based support or (3) Walking Away Plus (comprising Walking Away, annual group-based support and a mobile health intervention that provided automated, individually tailored text messages to prompt pedometer use and goal-setting and provide feedback, in addition to biannual telephone calls). Participants and data collectors were not blinded; however, the staff who processed the accelerometer data were blinded to allocation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was accelerometer-measured ambulatory activity (steps per day) at 48 months. Other objective and self-reported measures of physical activity were also assessed. RESULTS A total of 1366 individuals were randomised (median age 61 years, median body mass index 28.4 kg/m2, median ambulatory activity 6638 steps per day, women 49%, black and minority ethnicity 28%). Accelerometer data were available for 1017 (74%) and 993 (73%) individuals at 12 and 48 months, respectively. The primary outcome assessment at 48 months found no differences in ambulatory activity compared with control in either group (Walking Away Plus: 121 steps per day, 97.5% confidence interval -290 to 532 steps per day; Walking Away: 91 steps per day, 97.5% confidence interval -282 to 463). This was consistent across ethnic groups. At the intermediate 12-month assessment, the Walking Away Plus group had increased their ambulatory activity by 547 (97.5% confidence interval 211 to 882) steps per day compared with control and were 1.61 (97.5% confidence interval 1.05 to 2.45) times more likely to achieve 150 minutes per week of objectively assessed unbouted moderate to vigorous physical activity. In the Walking Away group, there were no differences compared with control at 12 months. Secondary anthropometric, biomechanical and mental health outcomes were unaltered in either intervention study arm compared with control at 12 or 48 months, with the exception of small, but sustained, reductions in body weight in the Walking Away study arm (≈ 1 kg) at the 12- and 48-month follow-ups. Lifetime cost-effectiveness modelling suggested that usual care had the highest probability of being cost-effective at a threshold of £20,000 per quality-adjusted life-year. Of 50 serious adverse events, only one (myocardial infarction) was deemed possibly related to the intervention and led to the withdrawal of the participant from the study. LIMITATIONS Loss to follow-up, although the results were unaltered when missing data were replaced using multiple imputation. CONCLUSIONS Combining a physical activity intervention with text messaging and telephone support resulted in modest, but clinically meaningful, changes in physical activity at 12 months, but the changes were not sustained at 48 months. FUTURE WORK Future research is needed to investigate which intervention types, components and features can help to maintain physical activity behaviour change over the longer term. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN83465245. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 25, No. 77. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Applied Research Collaboration, East Midlands, UK
| | - Simon Griffin
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alan Brennan
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen Dallosso
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration, East Midlands, UK.,Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Melanie Davies
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Helen Eborall
- Social Science Applied to Healthcare Improvement Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Charlotte Edwardson
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Laura Gray
- Biostatistics Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Wendy Hardeman
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Laura Heathcote
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joseph Henson
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Katie Morton
- Behavioural Science Group, Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Innovia Technology Limited, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Pollard
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stephen Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Sutton
- Behavioural Science Group, Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacqui Troughton
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Thomas Yates
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
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Individual Characteristics Associated with Active Travel in Low and High Income Groups in the UK. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910360. [PMID: 34639660 PMCID: PMC8508371 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Active travel (AT) has gained increasing attention as a way of addressing low levels of physical activity. However, little is known regarding the relationship between income and AT. The aim of this study was to investigate characteristics associated with undertaking AT in an adult population and by low- and high-income groups. Data collected from the Physical Activity and the Rejuvenation of Connswater (PARC) study in 2017 were used. Participants were categorised into socio-economic groups according to their weekly household income, and were categorised as participating in ‘no’ AT or ‘some’ AT and ‘sufficient’ AT. Multivariable logistic regression explored characteristics associated with AT in the full cohort, and the low- and high-income groups separately. Variables associated with AT in the low-income group were body mass index (BMI), physical activity self-efficacy, marital status, long term illness, difficulty walking and housing tenure. For the high-income group, BMI, marital status, housing tenure and education were associated with AT. For both income groups, there were consistent positive associations with the action/maintenance phase of the stage of change model across all AT categories. The findings suggest that population sub-groups may benefit from targeted initiatives to support engagement in AT and prevent further widening of inequalities.
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7
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Khunti K, Griffin S, Brennan A, Dallosso H, Davies MJ, Eborall HC, Edwardson CL, Gray LJ, Hardeman W, Heathcote L, Henson J, Pollard D, Sharp SJ, Sutton S, Troughton J, Yates T. Promoting physical activity in a multi-ethnic population at high risk of diabetes: the 48-month PROPELS randomised controlled trial. BMC Med 2021; 19:130. [PMID: 34078362 PMCID: PMC8173914 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-01997-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease but limited evidence exists for the sustained promotion of increased physical activity within diabetes prevention trials. The aim of the study was to investigate the long-term effectiveness of the Walking Away programme, an established group-based behavioural physical activity intervention with pedometer use, when delivered alone or with a supporting mHealth intervention. METHODS Those at risk of diabetes (nondiabetic hyperglycaemia) were recruited from primary care, 2013-2015, and randomised to (1) Control (information leaflet); (2) Walking Away (WA), a structured group education session followed by annual group-based support; or (3) Walking Away Plus (WAP), comprising WA annual group-based support and an mHealth intervention delivering tailored text messages supported by telephone calls. Follow-up was conducted at 12 and 48 months. The primary outcome was accelerometer measured ambulatory activity (steps/day). Change in primary outcome was analysed using analysis of covariance with adjustment for baseline, randomisation and stratification variables. RESULTS One thousand three hundred sixty-six individuals were randomised (median age = 61 years, ambulatory activity = 6638 steps/day, women = 49%, ethnic minorities = 28%). Accelerometer data were available for 1017 (74%) individuals at 12 months and 993 (73%) at 48 months. At 12 months, WAP increased their ambulatory activity by 547 (97.5% CI 211, 882) steps/day compared to control and were 1.61 (97.5% CI 1.05, 2.45) times more likely to achieve 150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Differences were not maintained at 48 months. WA was no different to control at 12 or 48 months. Secondary anthropometric and health outcomes were largely unaltered in both intervention groups apart from small reductions in body weight in WA (~ 1 kg) at 12- and 48-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Combining a pragmatic group-based intervention with text messaging and telephone support resulted in modest changes to physical activity at 12 months, but changes were not maintained at 48 months. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN 83465245 (registered on 14 June 2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. .,NIHR Applied Research Collaboration - East Midlands, Leicester, UK.
| | - Simon Griffin
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alan Brennan
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen Dallosso
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration - East Midlands, Leicester, UK.,Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Melanie J Davies
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Charlotte L Edwardson
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Laura J Gray
- Biostatistics Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Wendy Hardeman
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Laura Heathcote
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joe Henson
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Daniel Pollard
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stephen J Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Sutton
- Behavioural Science Group, Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacqui Troughton
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Tom Yates
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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8
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Lin CY, Koohsari MJ, Liao Y, Ishii K, Shibata A, Nakaya T, McCormack GR, Hadgraft N, Owen N, Oka K. Workplace neighbourhood built environment and workers' physically-active and sedentary behaviour: a systematic review of observational studies. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:148. [PMID: 33218343 PMCID: PMC7678125 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-01055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many desk-based workers can spend more than half of their working hours sitting, with low levels of physical activity. Workplace neighbourhood built environment may influence workers’ physical activities and sedentary behaviours on workdays. We reviewed and synthesised evidence from observational studies on associations of workplace neighbourhood attributes with domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behaviour and suggested research priorities for improving the quality of future relevant studies. Methods Published studies were obtained from nine databases (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, Transport Research International Documentation, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Embase, and CINAHL) and crosschecked by Google Scholar. Observational studies with quantitative analyses estimating associations between workplace neighbourhood built environment attributes and workers’ physical activity or sedentary behaviour were included. Studies were restricted to those published in English language peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to 2019. Results A total of 55 studies and 455 instances of estimated associations were included. Most instances of potential associations of workplace neighbourhood built environment attributes with total or domain-specific (occupational, transport, and recreational) physical activity were non-significant. However, destination-related attributes (i.e., longer distances from workplace to home and access to car parking) were positively associated with transport-related sedentary behaviour (i.e., car driving). Conclusions The findings reinforce the case for urban design policies on designing mixed-use neighbourhoods where there are opportunities to live closer to workplaces and have access to a higher density of shops, services, and recreational facilities. Studies strengthening correspondence between the neighbourhood built environment attributes and behaviours are needed to identify and clarify potential relationships. Protocol registration The protocol of this systematic review was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 2 December 2019 (registration number: CRD42019137341). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-020-01055-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Lin
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan.
| | - Mohammad Javad Koohsari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yung Liao
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.,Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kaori Ishii
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Ai Shibata
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakaya
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gavin R McCormack
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Nyssa Hadgraft
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
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9
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Rhodes RE, Zhang R, Zhang CQ. Direct and Indirect Relationships Between the Built Environment and Individual-Level Perceptions of Physical Activity: A Systematic Review. Ann Behav Med 2020; 54:495-509. [DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaz068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Socioecological models highlight the potential direct and indirect effects of multiple levels of influence in explaining physical activity (PA). Social cognitive theories, however, position individual cognitions as the mediator of external factors such as the built environment when explaining PA.
Purpose
To appraise the evidence for direct and indirect associations between the built environment and social cognition to predict PA.
Methods
Literature searches were concluded in February 2019 using five common databases. Eligible studies were in the English language that included any direct and indirect tests of individual perceptions and the built environment with PA.
Results
The initial search yielded 18,521 hits, which was reduced to 46 independent studies of primarily medium quality after screening for eligibility criteria. Findings were grouped by type of PA then grouped by the type of individual and built environment constructs within the model, and subdivided by adult and youth samples. There was evidence that self-efficacy/perceived control accounted for the covariance between environmental accessibility/convenience and total PA, while habit accounted for the covariance in this relationship for transport PA, particularly in adult samples. There was no evidence that the built environment had a direct association with PA after controlling for individual-level factors.
Conclusions
The results provide initial support for the mediation tenet in social cognition models for the relationship between individual, built environment, and PA. In practice, these findings highlight the need for coordinated interventions of individual and environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioral Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Qing Zhang
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Local walking and cycling by residents living near urban motorways: cross-sectional analysis. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1434. [PMID: 31675933 PMCID: PMC6824089 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Everyday activities, such as walking or cycling, may be a feasible and practical way to integrate physical activity into everyday life. Walking and cycling for transport or recreation in the area local to a person’s home may have additional benefits. However, urban planning tends to prioritise car use over active modes. We explored the cross-sectional association between living near an urban motorway and local walking and cycling. Methods In 2013, residents living in an area (a) near a new urban motorway (M74), (b) near a longstanding urban motorway (M8), or (c) without a motorway, in Glasgow, Scotland, were invited to complete postal surveys assessing local walking and cycling journeys and socio-demographic characteristics. Using adjusted regression models, we assessed the association between motorway proximity and self-reported local walking and cycling, as well as the count of types of destination accessed. We stratified our analyses according to study area. Results One thousand three hundred forty-three residents (57% female; mean age: 54 years; SD: 16 years) returned questionnaires. There was no overall association between living near an urban motorway and the likelihood of local walking or cycling, or the number of types of local destination accessed by foot or bicycle. In stratified analyses, for those living in the area around the new M74 motorway, increasing residential proximity to the motorway was associated with lower likelihood of local recreational walking and cycling (OR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.39 to 1.00) a pattern not found in the area with the longstanding M8 motorway. In the area near the M8 motorway residential proximity was statistically significantly (p = 0.014) associated with a 12% decrease in the number of types of destination accessed, a pattern not found in the M74 study area. Conclusions Our findings suggest that associations between living near a motorway and local walking and cycling behaviour may vary by the characteristics of the motorway, and by whether the behaviour is for travel or recreation. The lack of associations seen in the study area with no motorway suggests a threshold effect whereby beyond a certain distance from a motorway, additional distance makes no difference.
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Audrey S, Fisher H, Cooper A, Gaunt D, Metcalfe C, Garfield K, Hollingworth W, Procter S, Gabe-Walters M, Rodgers S, Gillison F, Davis A, Insall P. A workplace-based intervention to increase levels of daily physical activity: the Travel to Work cluster RCT. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3310/phr07110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
There may be opportunities for working adults to accumulate recommended physical activity levels (≥ 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity in bouts of ≥ 10 minutes throughout the week) during the commute to work. Systematic reviews of interventions to increase active transport indicate that studies are predominantly of poor quality, rely on self-report and lack robust statistical analyses.
Objectives
To assess the effectiveness, cost and consequences of a behavioural intervention to increase walking during the commute to work.
Design
A multicentre, parallel-arm, cluster randomised controlled trial incorporating economic and process evaluations. Physical activity outcomes were measured using accelerometers and GPS (Global Positioning System) receivers at baseline and the 12-month follow-up.
Setting
Workplaces in seven urban areas in south-west England and south Wales.
Participants
Employees (n = 654) in 87 workplaces.
Interventions
Workplace-based Walk to Work promoters were trained to implement a 10-week intervention incorporating key behaviour change techniques.
Main outcome measures
The primary outcome was the daily number of minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Secondary outcomes included MVPA during the commute, overall levels of physical activity and modal shift (from private car to walking). Cost–consequences analysis included employer, employee and health service costs and consequences. Process outcomes included barriers to, and facilitators of, walking during the daily commute.
Results
There was no evidence of an intervention effect on MVPA at the 12-month follow-up [adjusted difference in means 0.3 minutes, 95% confidence interval (CI) –5.3 to 5.9 minutes]. The intervention cost was on average, £181.97 per workplace and £24.19 per participating employee. In comparison with car users [mean 7.3 minutes, standard deviation (SD) 7.6 minutes], walkers (mean 34.3 minutes, SD 18.6 minutes) and public transport users (mean 25.7 minutes, SD 14.0 minutes) accrued substantially higher levels of daily MVPA during the commute. Participants who walked for ≥ 10 minutes during their commute were more likely to have a shorter commute distance (p < 0.001). No access to a car (p < 0.001) and absence of free workplace car parking (p < 0.01) were independently related to walking to work and using public transport. Higher quality-of-life scores were observed for the intervention group in a repeated-measures analysis (mean 0.018, 95% CI 0.000 to 0.036; scores anchored at 0 indicated ‘no capability’ and scores anchored at 1 indicated ‘full capability’).
Conclusions
Although this research showed that walking to work and using public transport are important contributors to physical activity levels in a working population, the behavioural intervention was insufficient to change travel behaviour. Broader contextual factors, such as length of journey, commuting options and availability of car parking, may influence the effectiveness of behavioural interventions to change travel behaviour. Further analyses of statistical and qualitative data could focus on physical activity and travel mode and the wider determinants of workplace travel behaviour.
Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN15009100.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 7, No. 11. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. Living Streets, a UK charity promoting everyday walking, provided funding for the intervention booklets and free pedometers for distribution to participants in the intervention group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Audrey
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Harriet Fisher
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ashley Cooper
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Daisy Gaunt
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Metcalfe
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kirsty Garfield
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - William Hollingworth
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sunita Procter
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Sarah Rodgers
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Adrian Davis
- Faculty of Business and Law, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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12
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Audrey S, Fisher H, Cooper A, Gaunt D, Garfield K, Metcalfe C, Hollingworth W, Gillison F, Gabe-Walters M, Rodgers S, Davis AL, Insall P, Procter S. Evaluation of an intervention to promote walking during the commute to work: a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:427. [PMID: 31014313 PMCID: PMC6480724 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6791-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Opportunities for working adults to accumulate recommended physical activity levels (at least 150 min of moderate intensity physical activity in bouts of at least 10 min throughout the week) may include the commute to work. Systematic reviews of interventions to increase active transport suggest studies have tended to be of poor quality, relying on self-report and lacking robust statistical analyses. Methods We conducted a multi-centre parallel-arm cluster randomised controlled trial, in workplaces in south-west England and south Wales, to assess the effectiveness of a behavioural intervention to increase walking during the commute. Workplace-based Walk to Work promoters were trained to implement a 10-week intervention incorporating key behavioural change techniques: providing information; encouraging intention formation; identifying barriers and solutions; goal setting; self-monitoring; providing general encouragement; identifying social support; reviewing goals, and; relapse prevention. Physical activity outcomes were objectively measured using accelerometers and GPS receivers at baseline and 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome was daily minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Secondary outcomes included overall levels of physical activity and modal shift (from private car to walking). Cost-consequences analysis included employer, employee and health service costs and outcomes. Results Six hundred fifty-four participants were recruited across 87 workplaces: 10 micro (5–9 employees); 35 small (10–49); 22 medium (50–250); 20 large (250+). The majority of participants lived more than two kilometres from their place of work (89%) and travelled to work by car (65%). At 12-month follow-up, 84 workplaces (41 intervention, 43 control) and 477 employees (73% of those originally recruited) took part in data collection activities. There was no evidence of an intervention effect on MVPA or overall physical activity at 12-month follow-up. The intervention cost on average £181.97 per workplace and £24.19 per participating employee. Conclusions The intervention, focusing primarily on individual behaviour change, was insufficient to change travel behaviour. Our findings contribute to the argument that attention should be directed towards a whole systems approach, focusing on interactions between the correlates of travel behaviour. Trial registration ISRCTN15009100. Prospectively registered. (Date assigned: 10/12/2014).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Audrey
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England. .,Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, England.
| | - Harriet Fisher
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Ashley Cooper
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences and National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Daisy Gaunt
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Kirsty Garfield
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Chris Metcalfe
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - William Hollingworth
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Fiona Gillison
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, England
| | | | | | - Adrian L Davis
- Transport Research Institute, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | - Sunita Procter
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
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13
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Exploring changes in active travel uptake and cessation across the lifespan: Longitudinal evidence from the UK Household Longitudinal Survey. Prev Med Rep 2018; 13:57-61. [PMID: 30515365 PMCID: PMC6263612 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore changes in uptake and cessation of walking, cycling and public transport use across the lifespan in a representative sample of UK adults aged 16 and older. A longitudinal analysis of 11,559 individuals in waves two (2010–2012) and six (2014–2016) of the General Population Sample (GPS) of the UK Household Longitudinal Survey (UKHLS) was performed. The outcome variables were self-reported and categorised as changes to and from 1) walking or cycling and 2) public transport. In adjusted models compared to younger adults (aged 16–34), middle-aged adults (aged 45–55: OR 0.66, p = 0.050) and older adults (aged >55: OR 0.53, p = 0.017) were significantly less likely to initiate walking/cycling during the study period. Middle and older aged adults were also significantly less likely to cease walking/cycling (aged 45–55: OR 0.68, p = 0.019; aged >55: OR 0.46, p < 0.001) and public transport use (aged 45–55: OR 0.33, p < 0.001; aged >55: OR 0.28, p < 0.001). Dose response relationships were observed where increasing age was associated with increased stability in transport mode. Developmental processes in early adulthood may contribute to self-selection and sustainability of active commuting in later life. Active travel programs and policies that target younger adults may be an efficient means to increase and sustain participation in active commuting. In the UK younger adults are more likely to initiate and cease active travel than older adults. Advancing age is associated with increased stability in commuting modes. A developmental perspective may help to understand drivers of transport behaviour change. Potential exists for active travel programs and policies to be tailored to age groups.
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14
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Batista Ferrer H, Cooper A, Audrey S. Associations of mode of travel to work with physical activity, and individual, interpersonal, organisational, and environmental characteristics. JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH 2018; 9:45-55. [PMID: 29951354 PMCID: PMC6011385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Encouraging walking during the daily commute is a potential strategy for increasing physical activity levels. This study aimed: (i) to examine, and compare by travel mode, the objectively measured physical activity of a working adult population, and, (ii) to identify associations between mode of travel to work and a range of individual, interpersonal, organisational and environmental characteristics. METHODS Employees (n=654) recruited from 87 workplaces in geographically distinct areas provided data through accelerometers, Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, travel diaries and questionnaires. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were developed to examine factors associated with physical activity during the commute and mode of travel to work. RESULTS In comparison to car users (7.3 minutes±Standard Deviation 7.6), walkers (34.3±18.6) and public transport users (25.7±14.0) accrued substantially higher levels of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity during the commute. Combined accelerometer and GPS data showed that participants who walked at least ten minutes during their commute were more likely to have a shorter commute distance (p<0.001), occupy a sedentary job (p<0.01), and be classified as 'underweight or normal weight' (p<0.03). No car access (p<0.001), and absence of free work car parking (p<0.01) were independently related to walking to work and using public transport. Shorter commuting distances were also related to walking to work (p<0.001). Public transport users were more likely to be younger (p=0.04), have more positive environmental perceptions (p=0.01), and less likely to combine their commute with caring responsibilities (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that walking to work and using public transport are important contributors to physical activity levels in a working population. Planning, transport and behavioural interventions to promote walking during the commute should take into account the wider determinants. Reducing availability of free work car parking is one possible strategy to discourage car use.
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Key Words
- AccGPS, Combined Accelerometer and GPS data
- Active travel
- CI, Confidence Interval
- CPM, Counts per minute
- Commute
- GIS, Geographical Information System
- GPS, Global Positioning System
- MVPA, Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity
- OR, Odds Ratio
- Physical activity
- SD, Standard Deviation
- SNR, Signal to Noise Ratio
- UK, United Kingdom
- Walking
- Workplace policies
- aOR, Adjusted Odds Ratio
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley Cooper
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TZ, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Education and Research Centre Level 3, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8AE, UK
| | - Suzanne Audrey
- Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
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15
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Biswas A, Smith PM, Gignac MAM. Access to Showers and Change Rooms at Work Associated With Active Commuting Among Older Workers: Findings From a National Population Survey. J Appl Gerontol 2018; 39:214-220. [PMID: 29381119 DOI: 10.1177/0733464818755313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Access to workplace showers and change rooms (WS/CR) has been found to be associated with active commuting (AC). Yet it is unclear whether this extends to older workers. We examined the association between WS/CR and AC (walking, cycling) comparing older and younger workers. Data came from 53,294 respondents to the 2007-2008 Canadian Community Health Survey. Associations between WS/CR and walking and cycling were analyzed for main effects and by age and sex using logistic regression. Compared with younger ages, workers 50 to 75 years old were more likely to cycle to work if WS/CR were available (odds ratio [OR] = 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.13, 2.58]), though the overall and sex-related associations between WS/CR and AC were nonsignificant. WS/CR may be a promising strategy to promote AC particularly among older workers. With large numbers of middle- and older-aged adults working longer, the implications of AC for sustaining good health may be considerable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter M Smith
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monique A M Gignac
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Bopp M, Sims D, Vairo N, Hentz-Leister E. Examining Capacity and Functioning of Bicycle Coalitions: A Descriptive Study. Front Public Health 2017; 5:296. [PMID: 29167788 PMCID: PMC5682310 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bicycle coalitions represent a strong partner in creating bike-friendly communities through advocacy for physical infrastructure, encouragement for biking, or education about safety. Despite their versatility, little is known about their functioning. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine capacity, strengths, and weaknesses of these organizations. Methods Bicycle coalitions/advocacy groups from English-speaking countries were recruited to take part in an online survey via email invitation. The survey addressed basic information about the coalition (community demographics, location), leadership, communication strategies, coalition priorities, barriers to programming/activities, and partners. Results Coalitions (n = 56) from four countries completed the survey. Most coalitions operated as a non-profit (n = 44, 95.7%), 45% (n = 21) have paid staff as leaders, while 37% (n = 17) have volunteers as leaders. The following skills were represented in coalitions’ leadership: fundraising (n = 31, 53.4%), event planning (n = 31, 53.4%), urban planning (n = 26, 44%), and policy/legislation expertise (n = 26, 44.8%). Education (n = 26, 63.4%) and encouragement (n = 25, 61.6%) were viewed as top priorities and the safety of bicyclists (n = 21, 46.7%) and advocacy for infrastructure and policy (n = 22, 48.9%) is the focus of most activities. A lack of financial resources (n = 36, 81.8%) and capable personnel (n = 25, 56.8%) were significant barriers to offering programming in the community and that the availability of grants to address issues (n = 38, 86.4%) would be the top motivator for improvements. Conclusion Bike coalitions represent a critical partner in creating activity-friendly environments and understanding their capacity allows for creating skill/capacity building intervention programs, development of effective toolkits and fostering strong collaborations to address physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bopp
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Dangaia Sims
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Nicole Vairo
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Emily Hentz-Leister
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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Yang L, Griffin S, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Panter J. Longitudinal associations between built environment characteristics and changes in active commuting. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:458. [PMID: 28693547 PMCID: PMC5527401 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have assessed the predictors of changes in commuting. This study investigated the associations between physical environmental characteristics and changes in active commuting. Methods Adults from the population-based European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk cohort self-reported commuting patterns in 2000 and 2007. Active commuters were defined as those who reported ‘always’ or ‘usually’ walking or cycling to work. Environmental attributes around the home and route were assessed using Geographical Information Systems. Associations between potential environmental predictors and uptake and maintenance of active commuting were modelled using logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex and BMI. Results Of the 2757 participants (62% female, median baseline age: 52, IQR: 50–56 years), most were passive commuters at baseline (76%, n = 2099) and did not change their usual commute mode over 7 years (82%, n = 2277). In multivariable regression models, participants living further from work were less likely to take up active commuting and those living in neighbourhoods with more streetlights were more likely to take up active commuting (both p < 0.05). Findings for maintenance were similar: participants living further from work (over 10 km, OR: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.13) and had a main or secondary road on route were more likely to maintain their active commuting (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.98). Those living in neighbourhoods with greater density of employment locations were less likely to maintain their active commuting. Conclusions Co-locating residential and employment centres as well as redesigning urban areas to improve safety for pedestrians and cyclists may encourage active commuting. Future evaluative studies should seek to assess the effects of redesigning the built environment on active commuting and physical activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4396-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Simon Griffin
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jenna Panter
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Troped PJ, Tamura K, McDonough MH, Starnes HA, James P, Ben-Joseph E, Cromley E, Puett R, Melly SJ, Laden F. Direct and Indirect Associations Between the Built Environment and Leisure and Utilitarian Walking in Older Women. Ann Behav Med 2017; 51:282-291. [PMID: 27807683 PMCID: PMC11256051 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-016-9852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The built environment predicts walking in older adults, but the degree to which associations between the objective built environment and walking for different purposes are mediated by environmental perceptions is unknown. PURPOSE We examined associations between the neighborhood built environment and leisure and utilitarian walking and mediation by the perceived environment among older women. METHODS Women (N = 2732, M age = 72.8 ± 6.8 years) from Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and California completed a neighborhood built environment and walking survey. Objective population and intersection density and density of stores and services variables were created within residential buffers. Perceived built environment variables included measures of land use mix, street connectivity, infrastructure for walking, esthetics, traffic safety, and personal safety. Regression and bootstrapping were used to test associations and indirect effects. RESULTS Objective population, stores/services, and intersection density indirectly predicted leisure and utilitarian walking via perceived land use mix (odds ratios (ORs) = 1.01-1.08, 95 % bias corrected and accelerated confidence intervals do not include 1). Objective density of stores/services directly predicted ≥150 min utilitarian walking (OR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.22). Perceived land use mix (ORs = 1.16-1.44) and esthetics (ORs = 1.24-1.61) significantly predicted leisure and utilitarian walking, CONCLUSIONS: Perceived built environment mediated associations between objective built environment variables and walking for leisure and utilitarian purposes. Interventions for older adults should take into account how objective built environment characteristics may influence environmental perceptions and walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Troped
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kosuke Tamura
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Heather A Starnes
- Department of Kinesiology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Peter James
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eran Ben-Joseph
- Department of Urban Studies and Planning, School of Architecture and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ellen Cromley
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Robin Puett
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Steven J Melly
- Drexel University, Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Bjørkelund OA, Degerud H, Bere E. Socio-demographic, personal, environmental and behavioral correlates of different modes of transportation to work among Norwegian parents. Arch Public Health 2016; 74:43. [PMID: 27752309 PMCID: PMC5059984 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-016-0155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cycling and brisk-walking to work represents an opportunity to incorporate sustainable transport related moderate- to- vigorous physical activity (MVPA) into daily routine among adults, and thus, may make an important contributing to health. Despite the fact that walking and cycling is an option for many commuters and also brings a number of benefits, a considerable proportion of commuters choose to use other means of transport when cycling and walking would be a highly appropriate transport mode. The object of this study was to assess the associations between modes of commuting to the workplace among parental adults; taking socio-demographic, personal, environmental and behavioral factors into account. METHODS Data from a cross- sectional questionnaire were collected from a sample of 709 parents (23 % men and 77 % women) of children aged 10-12 years-old in two Norwegian counties, Hedmark and Telemark. Commuting behavior, socio- demographic determinants, personal and environmental factors were ascertained using questionnaire data from the Fruit and Vegetables Makes the Marks project (FVMM). Multivariate logistic regressions were applied. RESULTS In total, 70 % of adults were categorized as car commuters to and from work, 12 % was categorized as a cyclist and 7 % as a walker. The multivariate analyses showed that active commuters were more likely to have a shorter distance to work and perceived the traffic as more safe. Moreover, those who actively commute to the workplace considered commuting as a way to obtain health benefits and a way to reduce CO2 emissions. Active commuters also considered weather to be an obstacle to active commuting. CONCLUSION In this cross-sectional study of parents living in sub-urban Norway, we found that active commuting to and from the workplace were associated with a shorter distance to work, traffic safety, environmental concern, health benefits and weather condition. In light of these findings, cycling to work seems to be the most appropriate target for interventions and public health campaigns within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oline Anita Bjørkelund
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Sport, University of Agder, Service Box 422, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
- Present address: Department of Health Science and Technology, Physical Activity and Human Performance group - SMI, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 5 Postbox 159, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hanna Degerud
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Sport, University of Agder, Service Box 422, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Elling Bere
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Sport, University of Agder, Service Box 422, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
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Yates T, Griffin S, Bodicoat DH, Brierly G, Dallosso H, Davies MJ, Eborall H, Edwardson C, Gillett M, Gray L, Hardeman W, Hill S, Morton K, Sutton S, Troughton J, Khunti K. PRomotion Of Physical activity through structured Education with differing Levels of ongoing Support for people at high risk of type 2 diabetes (PROPELS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2015; 16:289. [PMID: 26130075 PMCID: PMC4488033 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-0813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevention of type 2 diabetes is recognised as a health care priority. Lifestyle change has proven effective at reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes, but limitations in the current evidence have been identified in: the promotion of physical activity; availability of interventions that are suitable for commissioning and implementation; availability of evidence-based interventions using new technologies; and physical activity promotion among ethnic minorities. We aim to investigate whether a structured education programme with differing levels of ongoing support, including text-messaging, can increase physical activity over a 4 year period in a multi-ethnic population at high risk of diabetes. Methods/Design A multi-centre randomised controlled trial, with follow-up at 12 and 48 months. The primary outcome is change in ambulatory activity at 48 months. Secondary outcomes include changes to markers of metabolic, cardiovascular, anthropometric and psychological health along with cost-effectiveness. Participants aged 40–74 years for White European, or 25–74 years for South Asians, with an HbA1c value of between 6.0 and < 6.4 % (42 and 47 mmol/mol) or with a previously recorded plasma glucose level or HbA1c value within the high risk (prediabetes) range within the last five years, are invited to take part in the trial. Participants are identified through primary care, using an automated diabetes risk score within their practice database, or from a database of previous research participants. Participants are randomly assigned to either: 1) the control group who receive a detailed advice leaflet; 2) the Walking Away group, who receive the same leaflet and attend a 3 hour structured education programme with annual maintenance sessions delivered in groups; or 3) the Walking Away Plus group, who receive the leaflet, attend the structured education programme with annual maintenance sessions, plus receive follow-on support through highly-tailored text-messaging and telephone calls to help to aid pedometer use and behaviour change. Discussion This study will provide new evidence for the long-term effectiveness of a structured education programme focused on physical activity, conducted within routine care in a multi-ethnic population in the UK. It will also investigate the impact of different levels of ongoing support and the cost-effectiveness of each intervention. Trial registration ISRCTN83465245 Trial registration date: 14/06/2012
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Yates
- NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle, and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, Leicester, UK. .,Diabetes Research Centre, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK. .,Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.
| | - Simon Griffin
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Institute of Public Health, Forvie Site, Box 113 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK.
| | - Danielle H Bodicoat
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK. .,Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.
| | - Gwen Brierly
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Helen Dallosso
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.
| | - Melanie J Davies
- NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle, and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, Leicester, UK. .,Diabetes Research Centre, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK. .,Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.
| | - Helen Eborall
- Social Science Applied to Healthcare Improvement Research (SAPPHIRE) Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, 22-28 Princess Road West, Leicester, LE1 6TP, UK.
| | - Charlotte Edwardson
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK. .,Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.
| | - Mike Gillett
- School of Health & Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
| | - Laura Gray
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK. .,Department of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, 22-28 Princess Road West, Leicester, LE1 6TP, UK.
| | - Wendy Hardeman
- Behavioural Science Group, Primary Care Unit, Institute of Public Health, Forvie Site, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine Box 113, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK.
| | - Sian Hill
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.
| | - Katie Morton
- UK CRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Stephen Sutton
- Behavioural Science Group, Primary Care Unit, Institute of Public Health, Forvie Site, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine Box 113, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK.
| | - Jacqui Troughton
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK. .,Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.
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Yang L, Hipp JA, Adlakha D, Marx CM, Tabak RG, Brownson RC. Choice of commuting mode among employees: Do home neighborhood environment, worksite neighborhood environment, and worksite policy and supports matter? JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH 2015; 2:212-218. [PMID: 26085979 PMCID: PMC4465081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoting the use of public transit and active transport (walking and cycling) instead of car driving is an appealing strategy to increase overall physical activity. PURPOSE To quantify the combined associations between self-reported home and worksite neighborhood environments, worksite support and policies, and employees' commuting modes. METHOD Between 2012 and 2013, participants residing in four Missouri metropolitan areas were interviewed via telephone (n = 1,338) and provided information on socio-demographic characteristics, home and worksite neighborhoods, and worksite support and policies. Commuting mode was self-reported and categorized into car driving, public transit, and active commuting. Commuting distance was calculated using geographic information systems. Commuters providing completed data were included in the analysis. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the correlates of using public transit and active commuting. RESULT The majority of participants reported commuting by driving (88.9%); only 4.9% used public transit and 6.2% used active modes. After multivariate adjustment, having transit stops within 10-15 minutes walking distance from home (p=0.05) and using worksite incentive for public transit (p<0.001) were associated with commuting by public transit. Commuting distance (p<0.001) was negatively associated with active commuting. Having free or low cost recreation facilities around the worksite (p=0.04) and using bike facilities to lock bikes at the worksite (p<0.001) were associated with active commuting. CONCLUSION Both environment features and worksite supports and policies are associated with the choice of commuting mode. Future studies should use longitudinal designs to investigate the potential of promoting alternative commuting modes through worksite efforts that support sustainable commuting behaviors as well as the potential of built environment improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - J. Aaron Hipp
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | | | - Christine M. Marx
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Rachel G. Tabak
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Ross C. Brownson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
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Bopp M, Gayah VV, Campbell ME. Examining the link between public transit use and active commuting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:4256-74. [PMID: 25898405 PMCID: PMC4410246 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120404256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An established relationship exists between public transportation (PT) use and physical activity. However, there is limited literature that examines the link between PT use and active commuting (AC) behavior. This study examines this link to determine if PT users commute more by active modes. METHODS A volunteer, convenience sample of adults (n = 748) completed an online survey about AC/PT patterns, demographic, psychosocial, community and environmental factors. t-test compared differences between PT riders and non-PT riders. Binary logistic regression analyses examined the effect of multiple factors on AC and a full logistic regression model was conducted to examine AC. RESULTS Non-PT riders (n = 596) reported less AC than PT riders. There were several significant relationships with AC for demographic, interpersonal, worksite, community and environmental factors when considering PT use. The logistic multivariate analysis for included age, number of children and perceived distance to work as negative predictors and PT use, feelings of bad weather and lack of on-street bike lanes as a barrier to AC, perceived behavioral control and spouse AC were positive predictors. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the complex relationship between AC and PT use. Further research should investigate how AC and public transit use are related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bopp
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Vikash V Gayah
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Matthew E Campbell
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Gallagher NA, Clarke PJ, Gretebeck KA. Gender differences in neighborhood walking in older adults. J Aging Health 2015; 26:1280-300. [PMID: 25502242 DOI: 10.1177/0898264314532686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined mobility, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, neighborhood (density, destinations, and design), and neighborhood walking in older men (n = 106, 60-99 years, M = 76.78, SD = 8.12) and women (n = 216, 60-99 years, M = 75.81, SD = 8.46). METHOD/RESULTS In hierarchical regression, the variables explained 32% of the variance in neighborhood walking in men (p < .001) and 27% of the variance in women (p < .01). Self-efficacy (β = .49, p < .01), density (β= .22, p < .05), and design (β= .21, p = .05) were associated with walking in men. Significant design characteristics included sidewalks (β= .25, p < .05) and crime (β= .36, p < .01). In women, self-efficacy (β= .48, p < .001) and destinations (β= .15, p < .05) were associated with walking. Walking was associated with self-efficacy for walking despite individual barriers in women (β= .38, p < .001) and neighborhood barriers in men (β= .30, p < .05). CONCLUSION Walking interventions targeting older women should incorporate local destinations. In older men, interventions should consider neighborhood sidewalk design and crime. Walking interventions for all older adults should include enhancement of self-efficacy, but gender differences may exist in the types of self-efficacy on which to focus.
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de Hollander EL, Scheepers E, van Wijnen HJ, van Wesemael PJ, Schuit AJ, Wendel-Vos W, van Kempen EE. Transport choice when travelling to a sports facility: the role of perceived route features - Results from a cross-sectional study in the Netherlands. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2015; 7:15. [PMID: 27408731 PMCID: PMC4940810 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-015-0009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Physical activity and sedentary behaviour are independently associated with health outcomes, where physical activity (PA) is associated with health benefits and sedentary behaviour is associated with health risks. One possible strategy to counteract sedentary behaviour is to stimulate active transport use. As monitoring studies in the Netherlands have shown that among sedentary people the proportion of adults who engage in sports (hereafter: sports practitioners) is 62.3%, sports practitioners seem a feasible target group for this strategy. Previous studies have generally reported associations between neighbourhood characteristics and active transport use. However, the neighbourhood covers only part of the route to a certain destination. Therefore, we examined the association between perceived route features and transport choice when travelling up to 7.5 kilometres to a sports facility among sports practitioners. Methods For 1118 Dutch sports practitioners – who indicated that they practice a sport and travel to a sports facility – age 18 and older, data on transport choice and perceived features of the route to a sports facility were gathered. Participants were classified into one of three transport groups based on their transport choice: car users, cyclists and walkers. Participants were asked whether perceived route features influenced their transport choice. Logistic regression was used to model the odds of cycling versus car use and walking versus car use in the association with perceived route features, adjusted for potential confounders. Results Perceived traffic safety was associated with lower odds of cycling (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.15-0.86). Perceived route duration was associated with lower odds of both cycling (OR: 0.54, 95%CI: 0.39-0.75) and walking (OR: 0.60, 95%CI: 0.36-1.00). Perceived distance to a sports facility and having to make a detour when using other transport modes than the chosen transport mode were associated with higher odds of both cycling and walking (ORrange: 1.82-5.21). What and who people encountered during their trip (i.e. visual aspects) was associated with higher odds of both cycling and walking (ORrange: 2.40-3.69). Conclusions Perceived traffic safety, duration, distance, detour, and visual aspects, when travelling to a sports facility were associated with transport choice. Therefore, the perception of route features should be considered when stimulating active transport use among sports practitioners. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13102-015-0009-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L de Hollander
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Eline Scheepers
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands ; Department of Health Sciences and EMGO institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harm J van Wijnen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Pieter Jv van Wesemael
- Department of the Built Environment, Technical University Eindhoven, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Albertine J Schuit
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands ; Department of Health Sciences and EMGO institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wanda Wendel-Vos
- Department of Health Sciences and EMGO institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elise Emm van Kempen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands
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Fan JX, Wen M, Kowaleski-Jones L. An ecological analysis of environmental correlates of active commuting in urban U.S. Health Place 2014; 30:242-50. [PMID: 25460907 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We conduct a cross-sectional ecological analysis to examine environmental correlates of active commuting in 39,660 urban tracts using data from the 2010 Census, 2007-2011 American Community Survey, and other sources. The five-year average (2007-2011) prevalence is 3.05% for walking, 0.63% for biking, and 7.28% for public transportation to work, with higher prevalence for all modes in lower-income tracts. Environmental factors account for more variances in public transportation to work but economic and demographic factors account for more variances in walking and biking to work. Population density, median housing age, street connectivity, tree canopy, distance to parks, air quality, and county sprawl index are associated with active commuting, but the association can vary in size and direction for different transportation mode and for higher-income and lower-income tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie X Fan
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, 225 S 1400 E AEB 228, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0080, United States.
| | - Ming Wen
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, 380 S 1530 E Rm 301, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0250, United States.
| | - Lori Kowaleski-Jones
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, 225 S 1400 E AEB 228, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0080, United States.
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Abstract
Active commuting (AC), the act of walking or biking to work, has notable health benefits though rates of AC remain low among women. This study used a social-ecological framework to examine the factors associated with AC among women. A convenience sample of employed, working women (n = 709) completed an online survey about their mode of travel to work. Individual, interpersonal, institutional, community, and environmental influences were assessed. Basic descriptive statistics and frequencies described the sample. Simple logistic regression models examined associations with the independent variables with AC participation and multiple logistic regression analysis determined the relative influence of social ecological factors on AC participation. The sample was primarily middle-aged (44.09±11.38 years) and non-Hispanic White (92%). Univariate analyses revealed several individual, interpersonal, institutional, community and environmental factors significantly associated with AC. The multivariable logistic regression analysis results indicated that significant factors associated with AC included number of children, income, perceived behavioral control, coworker AC, coworker AC normative beliefs, employer and community supports for AC, and traffic. The results of this study contribute to the limited body of knowledge on AC participation for women and may help to inform gender-tailored interventions to enhance AC behavior and improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bopp
- a Department of Kinesiology , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania , USA
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Freeman L, Neckerman K, Schwartz-Soicher O, Quinn J, Richards C, Bader MDM, Lovasi G, Jack D, Weiss C, Konty K, Arno P, Viola D, Kerker B, Rundle AG. Neighborhood walkability and active travel (walking and cycling) in New York City. J Urban Health 2013; 90:575-85. [PMID: 22941058 PMCID: PMC3732693 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-012-9758-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Urban planners have suggested that built environment characteristics can support active travel (walking and cycling) and reduce sedentary behavior. This study assessed whether engagement in active travel is associated with neighborhood walkability measured for zip codes in New York City. Data were analyzed on engagement in active travel and the frequency of walking or biking ten blocks or more in the past month, from 8,064 respondents to the New York City 2003 Community Health Survey (CHS). A neighborhood walkability scale that measures: residential, intersection, and subway stop density; land use mix; and the ratio of retail building floor area to retail land area was calculated for each zip code. Data were analyzed using zero-inflated negative binomial regression incorporating survey sample weights and adjusting for respondents' sociodemographic characteristics. Overall, 44 % of respondents reported no episodes of active travel and among those who reported any episode, the mean number was 43.2 episodes per month. Comparing the 75th to the 25th percentile of zip code walkability, the odds ratio for reporting zero episodes of active travel was 0.71 (95 % CI 0.61, 0.83) and the exponentiated beta coefficient for the count of episodes of active travel was 1.13 (95 % CI 1.06, 1.21). Associations between lower walkability and reporting zero episodes of active travel were significantly stronger for non-Hispanic Whites as compared to non-Hispanic Blacks and to Hispanics and for those living in higher income zip codes. The results suggest that neighborhood walkability is associated with higher engagement in active travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance Freeman
- Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
The demonstrated health benefits of active commuting (AC) and low participation rates among older adults indicate a need to examine the socioecological correlates of AC by age category. An online survey of employed U.S. adults examined AC participation and individual, employment-related, community, and environmental variables. Participants were dichotomized by age (younger: 18-49 yr; n = 638, 64% and older: ≥ 50 yr; n = 359, 36%). Logistic-regression analyses examined differences in AC correlates by age. Older adults were less likely to be active commuters (13.4%) than younger adults (27.9%; p < .001) For older adults, analyses yielded a Nagelkerke R2 = .76, with perceived behavioral control, behavioral beliefs, household cars, and walking distance as predictors. Analyses for younger adults resulted in a Nagelkerke R2 = .79, with perceived behavioral control, coworker normative beliefs, parking problems at work, greater employer and community support for AC, and bad weather as predictors. Findings suggest age should be considered when examining and targeting AC behaviors.
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Bopp M, Kaczynski AT, Campbell ME. Health-related factors associated with mode of travel to work. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 2013:242383. [PMID: 23533450 PMCID: PMC3600189 DOI: 10.1155/2013/242383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Active commuting (AC) to the workplace is a potential strategy for incorporating physical activity into daily life and is associated with health benefits. This study examined the association between health-related factors and mode of travel to the workplace. Methods. A volunteer convenience sample of employed adults completed an online survey regarding demographics, health-related factors, and the number of times/week walking, biking, driving, and using public transit to work (dichotomized as no walk/bike/drive/PT and walk/bike/drive/PT 1 + x/week). Logistic regression was used to predict the likelihood of each mode of transport and meeting PA recommendations from AC according to demographics and health-related factors. Results. The sample (n = 1175) was aged 43.5 ± 11.4 years and was primarily White (92.7%) and female (67.9%). Respondents reported walking (7.3%), biking (14.4%), taking public transit (20.3%), and driving (78.3%) to work at least one time/week. Among those reporting AC, 9.6% met PA recommendations from AC alone. Mode of travel to work was associated with several demographic and health-related factors, including age, number of chronic diseases, weight status, and AC beliefs. Discussion. Mode of transportation to the workplace and health-related factors such as disease or weight status should be considered in future interventions targeting AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bopp
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, 268R Recreation Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Van Holle V, Deforche B, Van Cauwenberg J, Goubert L, Maes L, Van de Weghe N, De Bourdeaudhuij I. Relationship between the physical environment and different domains of physical activity in European adults: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:807. [PMID: 22992438 PMCID: PMC3507898 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past decade, various reviews described the relationship between the physical environment and different physical activity (PA) domains. Yet, the majority of the current review evidence relies on North American/Australian studies, while only a small proportion of findings refer to European studies. Given some clear environmental differences across continents, this raises questions about the applicability of those results in European settings. This systematic review aimed at summarizing Europe-specific evidence on the relationship between the physical environment and different PA domains in adults. METHODS Seventy eligible papers were identified through systematic searches across six electronic databases. Included papers were observational studies assessing the relationship between several aspects of the physical environment and PA in European adults (18-65y). Summary scores were calculated to express the strength of the relationship between each environmental factor and different PA domains. RESULTS Convincing evidence on positive relationships with several PA domains was found for following environmental factors: walkability, access to shops/services/work and the composite factor environmental quality. Convincing evidence considering urbanization degree showed contradictory results, dependent on the observed PA domain. Transportation PA was more frequently related to the physical environment than recreational PA. Possible evidence for a positive relationship with transportation PA emerged for walking/cycling facilities, while a negative relationship was found for hilliness. Some environmental factors, such as access to recreational facilities, aesthetics, traffic- and crime-related safety were unrelated to different PA domains in Europe. CONCLUSIONS Generally, findings from this review of European studies are in accordance with results from North American/Australian reviews and may contribute to a generalization of the relationship between the physical environment and PA. Nevertheless, the lack of associations found regarding access to recreational facilities, aesthetics and different forms of safety are likely to be Europe-specific findings and need to be considered when appropriate interventions are developed. More research assessing domain-specific relationships with several understudied environmental attributes (e.g., residential density) is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Van Holle
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Panter J, Griffin S, Jones A, Mackett R, Ogilvie D. Correlates of time spent walking and cycling to and from work: baseline results from the commuting and health in Cambridge study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2011; 8:124. [PMID: 22074293 PMCID: PMC3254135 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Environmental perceptions and psychological measures appear to be associated with walking and cycling behaviour; however, their influence is still unclear. We assessed these associations using baseline data from a quasi-experimental cohort study of the effects of major transport infrastructural developments in Cambridge, UK. METHODS Postal surveys were sent to adults who travel to work in Cambridge (n = 1582). Questions asked about travel modes and time spent travelling to and from work in the last week, perceptions of the route, psychological measures regarding car use and socio-demographic characteristics. Participants were classified into one of two categories according to time spent walking for commuting ('no walking' or 'some walking') and one of three categories for cycling ('no cycling', '1-149 min/wk' and ' ≥ 150 min/wk'). RESULTS Of the 1164 respondents (68% female, mean (SD) age: 42.3 (11.4) years) 30% reported any walking and 53% reported any cycling to or from work. In multiple regression models, short distance to work and not having access to a car showed strong positive associations with both walking and cycling. Furthermore, those who reported that it was pleasant to walk were more likely to walk to or from work (OR = 4.18, 95% CI 3.02 to 5.78) and those who reported that it was convenient to cycle on the route between home and work were more likely to do so (1-149 min/wk: OR = 4.60, 95% CI 2.88 to 7.34; ≥ 150 min/wk: OR = 3.14, 95% CI 2.11 to 4.66). Positive attitudes in favour of car use were positively associated with time spent walking to or from work but negatively associated with cycling to or from work. Strong perceived behavioural control for car use was negatively associated with walking. CONCLUSIONS In this relatively affluent sample of commuters, a range of individual and household characteristics, perceptions of the route environment and psychological measures relating to car use were associated with walking or cycling to and from work. Taken together, these findings suggest that social and physical contexts of travel decision-making should be considered and that a range of influences may require to be addressed to bring about behaviour change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Panter
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Sciences, Cambridge, UK.
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