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Warneke K, Turau K, Lohmann LH, Hillebrecht M, Behm DG, Konrad A, Schmidt T. Resistance Training Causes the Stretch-Induced Force Deficit-A Randomized Cross-Over Study. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:145. [PMID: 38921839 PMCID: PMC11209436 DOI: 10.3390/sports12060145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Stretch-induced force deficit suggests an acute stretch-specific strength capacity loss, which is commonly attributed to EMG reductions. Since those deficits could also be attributed to general fatigue induced by overloading the muscle, this study aimed to compare stretching with an exhausting calf raise programme to compare strength and stretching responses. METHOD This study included 16 participants with different, high-duration calf muscle stretching effects (10, 20, 30 min of stretching) with resistance training (RT) (3 × 12 repetitions) performed until muscle failure, by using a cross-over study design with pre-post comparisons. Strength was tested via isometric plantar flexor diagnostics, while flexibility was assessed using the knee-to-wall test (KtW) and an isolated goniometer test. RESULTS Using a three-way ANOVA, RT strength decreases were greater compared to 10 and 20 min of stretching (p = 0.01-0.02), but similar to those of 30 min of stretching. ROM in the KtW showed no specific stretch-induced increases, while only the stretching conditions enhanced isolated tested ROM (p < 0.001-0.008). No RT-related isolated ROM increases were observed. CONCLUSIONS The results showed both interventions had similar effects on strength and ROM in the calf muscles. More holistic explanatory approaches such as fatigue and warm-up are discussed in the manuscript and call for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Warneke
- Institute of Human Movement Science and Exercise, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Institute of Sport Science, Alpen-Adria University Klagenfurt, 9020 Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - Katharina Turau
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany; (K.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Lars Hubertus Lohmann
- University Sport Center, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; (L.H.L.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Human Movement Science and Exercise Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Hillebrecht
- University Sport Center, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; (L.H.L.); (M.H.)
| | - David G. Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, P.O. Box 4200, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada;
| | - Andreas Konrad
- Institute of Human Movement Science and Exercise, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany; (K.T.); (T.S.)
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Warneke K, Lohmann LH. Revisiting the stretch-induced force deficit: A systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis of acute effects. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024:S2095-2546(24)00069-3. [PMID: 38735533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When recommending avoidance of static stretching prior to athletic performance, authors and practitioners commonly refer to available systematic reviews. However, effect sizes (ES) in previous reviews were extracted in major part from studies lacking control conditions and/or pre-post testing designs. Also, currently available reviews conducted calculations without accounting for multiple study outcomes, with ES: -0.03 to 0.10, which would commonly be classified as trivial. METHODS Since new meta-analytical software and controlled research articles have appeared since 2013, we revisited the available literature and performed a multilevel meta-analysis using robust variance estimation of controlled pre-post trials to provide updated evidence. Furthermore, previous research described reduced electromyography activity-also attributable to fatiguing training routines-as being responsible for decreased subsequent performance. The second part of this study opposed stretching and alternative interventions sufficient to induce general fatigue to examine whether static stretching induces higher performance losses compared to other exercise routines. RESULTS Including 83 studies with more than 400 ES from 2012 participants, our results indicate a significant, small ES for a static stretch-induced maximal strength loss (ES = -0.21, p = 0.003), with high magnitude ES (ES = -0.84, p = 0.004) for stretching durations ≥60 s per bout when compared to passive controls. When opposed to active controls, the maximal strength loss ranges between ES: -0.17 to -0.28, p < 0.001 and 0.040 with mostly no to small heterogeneity. However, stretching did not negatively influence athletic performance in general (when compared to both passive and active controls); in fact, a positive effect on subsequent jumping performance (ES = 0.15, p = 0.006) was found in adults. CONCLUSION Regarding strength testing of isolated muscles (e.g., leg extensions or calf raises), our results confirm previous findings. Nevertheless, since no (or even positive) effects could be found for athletic performance, our results do not support previous recommendations to exclude static stretching from warm-up routines prior to, for example, jumping or sprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Warneke
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz A-8010, Austria; Institute of Sport Science, Alpen-Adria University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee 9020, Austria.
| | - Lars Hubertus Lohmann
- Institute of Human Movement and Exercise Physiology, University of Jena, Jena 07749, Germany
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Rodriguez‐Falces J, Etxaleku S, Trajano GS, Setuain I. The contribution of the tendon electrode to M-wave characteristics in the biceps brachii, vastus lateralis and tibialis anterior. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1548-1559. [PMID: 37988249 PMCID: PMC10988423 DOI: 10.1113/ep091472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
In some compound muscle action potentials (M waves) recorded using the belly-tendon configuration, the tendon electrode makes a noticeable contribution to the M wave. However, this finding has only been demonstrated in some hand and foot muscles. Here, we assessed the contribution of the tendon potential to the amplitude of the vastus lateralis, biceps brachii and tibialis anterior M waves, and we also examined the role of this tendon potential in the shoulder-like feature appearing in most M waves. M waves were recorded separately at the belly and tendon locations of the vastus lateralis, biceps brachii and tibialis anterior from 38 participants by placing the reference electrode at a distant (contralateral) site. The amplitude of the M waves and the latency of their peaks and shoulders were measured. In the vastus lateralis, the tendon potential was markedly smaller in amplitude (∼75%) compared to the belly M wave (P = 0.001), whereas for the biceps brachii and tibialis anterior, the tendon and belly potentials had comparable amplitudes. In the vastus lateralis, the tendon potential showed a small positive peak coinciding in latency with the shoulder of the belly-tendon M wave, whilst in the biceps brachii and tibialis anterior, the tendon potential showed a clear negative peak which coincided in latency with the shoulder. The tendon potential makes a significant contribution to the belly-tendon M waves of the biceps brachii and tibialis anterior muscles, but little contribution to the vastus lateralis M waves. The shoulder observed in the belly-tendon M wave of the vastus lateralis is caused by the belly potential, the shoulder in the biceps brachii M wave is generated by the tendon potential, whereas the shoulder in the tibialis anterior M wave is caused by both the tendon and belly potentials. NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? Does a tendon electrode make a noticeable contribution to the belly-tendon M wave in the vastus lateralis, biceps brachii and tibialis anterior muscles? What is the main finding and its importance? Because the patellar tendon potential is small in amplitude, it hardly influences the amplitude and shape of the belly-tendon M wave of the vastus lateralis. However, for the biceps brachii and tibialis anterior muscles, the potentials at the tendon sites show a large amplitude, and thus have a great impact on the corresponding belly-tendon M waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodriguez‐Falces
- Department of Electrical and Electronical EngineeringPublic University of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Saioa Etxaleku
- Clinical Research DepartmentTDN, Orthopedic Surgery and Advanced Rehabilitation CenterMutilvaSpain
| | - Gabriel S. Trajano
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Igor Setuain
- Clinical Research DepartmentTDN, Orthopedic Surgery and Advanced Rehabilitation CenterMutilvaSpain
- Department of Health SciencesPublic University of NavarrePamplonaSpain
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Abdalla LHP, Broxterman RM, Barstow TJ, Greco CC, Denadai BS. Does creatine supplementation affect recovery speed of impulse above critical torque? Eur J Sport Sci 2022:1-12. [PMID: 36519333 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2159539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that creatine supplementation improved intermittent isometric exercise performance by augmenting the total impulse performed above end-test torque (total IET'). However, our previous analyses did not enable mechanistic assessments. The objective of this study was to determine if creatine supplementation affected the IET' speed of recovery. To achieve this objective, we retrospectively analyzed our data using the IET' balance model to determine the time constant for the recovery of IET' (τIET'). Sixteen men were randomly allocated into creatine (N = 8) or placebo (N = 8) groups. Prior to supplementation, participants performed quadriceps all-out exercise to determine end-test torque (ET) and IET'. Participants then performed quadriceps exercise at ET + 10% until task-failure before supplementation (Baseline), until task-failure after supplementation (Creatine or Placebo), and until the Baseline time after supplementation (Creatine- or Placebo-Isotime). τIET' was faster than Baseline for Creatine (669 ± 98 vs 470 ± 66 s), but not Placebo (792 ± 166 vs 786 ± 161 s). The creatine-induced change in τIET' was inversely correlated with the creatine-induced changes in both the rate of peripheral fatigue development and time to task-failure. τIET' was inversely correlated with total IET' and ET in all conditions, but creatine supplementation shifted this relationship such that τIET' was faster for a given ET. Creatine supplementation, therefore, sped the recovery of IET' during intermittent isometric exercise, which was inversely related to the improvement in exercise performance. These findings support that the improvement in exercise performance after creatine supplementation was, at least in part, specific to effects on the physiological mechanisms that determine the IET' speed of recovery. HIGHLIGHTSSixteen healthy participants were randomly allocated to creatine supplementation or placebo groups.Creatine supplementation accelerated the time constant for the recovery of IET' (τIET').The time constant for the recovery of IET' (τIET') was inversely related to both the rate of peripheral fatigue development and the time to task failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Michael Broxterman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Dotan R, Woods S, Contessa P. On the reliability and validity of central fatigue determination. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2393-2411. [PMID: 33966110 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04700-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Physical performance fatigue can be ascribed to both peripheral and central components. Central fatigue, however, is an elusive entity, consisting of cognitive/sensory component and presumably also a neuro-physiological component that are difficult to tease apart and assess independently of each other. The most widely accepted method for the assessment of central fatigue is based on the premise that decreasing volitional muscle activation (VA), as determined by the interpolated twitch technique (ITT) in fatiguing muscles, reflects increasing central fatigue. Suffering its own shortcomings, the validity of VA determination under fatigued conditions has never been proven and is only assumed. This review presents evidence that questions ITT's reliability and validity in reflecting VA in the fatiguing muscle and, consequently, VA's validity for central fatigue assessment. Specifically highlighted is the paradox of children and endurance athletes, who share striking endurance characteristics, being claimed as more centrally fatigable than untrained adults. Further research and new directions are needed for confirming and quantifying central fatigue and teasing apart its psychologic and neuromotor components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffy Dotan
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada.
| | - Stacey Woods
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada
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Abstract
Neuromuscular fatigue (NMF) is usually assessed non-invasively in healthy, athletic or clinical populations with the combination of voluntary and evoked contractions. Although it might appear relatively straightforward to magnetically or electrically stimulate at different levels (cortical/spinal/muscle) and to measure mechanical and electromyographic responses to quantify neuromuscular adjustments due to sustained/repeated muscle contractions, there are drawbacks that researchers and clinicians need to bear in mind. The aim of this opinion paper is to highlight the pitfalls inevitably faced when NMF is quantified. The first problem might arise from the definition of fatigue itself and the parameter(s) used to measure it; for instance, measuring power vs. isometric torque may lead to different conclusions. Another potential limitation is the delay between exercise termination and the evaluation of neuromuscular function; the possible underestimation of exercise-induced neural and contractile impairment and misinterpretation of fatigue etiology will be discussed, as well as solutions recently proposed to overcome this problem. Quantification of NMF can also be biased (or not feasible) because of the techniques themselves (e.g. results may depend on stimulation intensity for transcranial magnetic stimulation) or the way data are analyzed (e.g. M wave peak-to-peak vs first phase amplitude). When available, alternatives recently suggested in the literature to overcome these pitfalls are considered and recommendations about the best practices to assess NMF (e.g. paying attention to the delay between exercise and testing, adapting the method to the characteristics of the population to be tested and considering the limitations associated with the techniques) are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Place
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Y Millet
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, 42023, Saint-Étienne, France. .,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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Abdalla LHP, Broxterman RM, Greco CC, Denadai BS. Creatine supplementation attenuates the rate of fatigue development during intermittent isometric exercise performed above end-test torque. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:2073-2085. [PMID: 33073449 DOI: 10.1113/ep088910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does creatine supplementation augment the total torque impulse accumulated above end-test torque (IET) during severe-intensity knee-extensor exercise by attenuating the rate of decrease in peak potentiated twitch torque (PT)? What is the main finding and its importance? Creatine augmented the IET and attenuated the rate of decrease in both voluntary activation and PT during severe-intensity exercise. The IET was related to the rate of decrease in PT. These findings reveal an important role for the rates of neuromuscular fatigue development as key determinants of exercise tolerance within the severe domain. ABSTRACT This study investigated the effect of creatine supplementation on exercise tolerance, total torque impulse accumulated above end-test torque (total IET) and neuromuscular fatigue development of the knee extensors during severe-intensity intermittent isometric exercise. Sixteen men were randomly allocated into Creatine (n = 8, 20 g day-1 for 5 days) or Placebo (n = 8) groups and performed knee-extensor maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) testing, all-out testing to determine end-test torque (ET) and the finite torque impulse accumulated above end-test torque (IET'), and three submaximal tests at ET + 10%: (i) time to task failure without supplementation (Baseline); (ii) time to task failure after creatine or placebo supplementation; and (iii) time matched to Baseline after creatine (Creatine-Isotime) or placebo (Placebo-Isotime) supplementation. Creatine supplementation significantly increased the time to task failure (Baseline = 572 ± 144 s versus Creatine = 833 ± 221 s) and total IET (Baseline = 5761 ± 1710 N m s versus Creatine = 7878 ± 1903 N m s), but there were no significant differences within the Placebo group. The percentage change pre- to postexercise in MVC, voluntary activation, peak potentiated twitch torque and integrated EMG during MVC were not significantly different between Baseline and Creatine but were all significantly attenuated in Creatine-Isotime compared with Baseline. There were no significant differences in these variables within the placebo group. The total IET was significantly correlated with the rates of change in potentiated twitch torque peak (r = 0.83-0.87) and rate of torque development (r = -0.83 to -0.87) for the submaximal tests to task failure. These findings reveal an important role for the rates of neuromuscular fatigue development as key determinants of exercise tolerance during severe-intensity intermittent isometric exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Michael Broxterman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Camila Coelho Greco
- Human Performance Laboratory, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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The Influence of Thermal Alterations on Prefrontal Cortex Activation and Neuromuscular Function during a Fatiguing Task. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197194. [PMID: 33019602 PMCID: PMC7579217 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation, neuromuscular function, and perceptual measures in response to a fatiguing task, following thermal alterations of an exercising arm. Nineteen healthy adults completed three experimental sessions. At baseline, participants performed maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) of the elbow flexors. Next, participants submerged their right arm in a water bath for 15 min. Cold (C), neutral (N), and hot (H) water temperatures were maintained at 8, 33, and 44 °C, respectively. Following water immersion, participants performed an isometric elbow flexion contraction, at 20% of their MVIC, for 5 min. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), muscular discomfort, and task demands were assessed. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure activation (oxygenation) of the PFC during the fatiguing task. Reductions in MVIC torque at the end of the fatiguing task were greater for the H (25.7 ± 8.4%) and N (22.2 ± 9.6%) conditions, compared to the C condition (17.5 ± 8.9%, p < 0.05). The increase in oxygenation of the PFC was greater for the H (13.3 ± 4.9 μmol/L) and N (12.4 ± 4.4 μmol/L) conditions, compared to the C condition (10.3 ± 3.8 μmol/L, p < 0.001) at the end of the fatiguing task. The increase in RPE, muscular discomfort, and task demands were greater in the H condition compared to the N and C conditions (p < 0.01). These results indicate that precooling an exercising arm attenuates the rise in PFC activation, muscle fatigue, and psychological rating during a fatiguing task.
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Souron R, Voirin A, Kennouche D, Espeit L, Millet GY, Rupp T, Lapole T. Task failure during sustained low‐intensity contraction is not associated with a critical amount of central fatigue. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:2329-2341. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Souron
- Univ Lyon UJM‐Saint‐Etienne Inter‐university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology Saint‐Etienne France
- Laboratory of Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS) UR n°201723207F University of Toulon France
| | - Anne‐Cloé Voirin
- Univ Lyon UJM‐Saint‐Etienne Inter‐university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Djahid Kennouche
- Univ Lyon UJM‐Saint‐Etienne Inter‐university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Loïc Espeit
- Univ Lyon UJM‐Saint‐Etienne Inter‐university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Guillaume Y Millet
- Univ Lyon UJM‐Saint‐Etienne Inter‐university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology Saint‐Etienne France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
| | - Thomas Rupp
- Inter‐university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (LIBM) University Savoie Mont Blanc Chambéry France
| | - Thomas Lapole
- Univ Lyon UJM‐Saint‐Etienne Inter‐university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology Saint‐Etienne France
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Saidi O, Rochette E, Doré É, Maso F, Raoux J, Andrieux F, Fantini ML, Merlin E, Pereira B, Walrand S, Duché P. Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial on the Effect of Proteins with Different Tryptophan/Large Neutral Amino Acid Ratios on Sleep in Adolescents: The PROTMORPHEUS Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061885. [PMID: 32599773 PMCID: PMC7353359 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed sleep is common in adolescents. Ingested nutrients help regulate the internal clock and influence sleep quality. The purpose of this clinical trial is to assess the effect of protein tryptophan (Trp)/large neutral amino acids (LNAAs) ratio on sleep and circadian rhythm. Ingested Trp is involved in the regulation of the sleep/wake cycle and improvement of sleep quality. Since Trp transport through the blood-brain barrier is competing with LNAAs, protein with higher Trp/LNAAs were expected to increase sleep efficiency. This randomized double-blind controlled trial will enroll two samples of male adolescents predisposed to sleep disturbances: elite rugby players (n = 24) and youths with obesity (n = 24). They will take part randomly in three sessions each held over a week. They will undergo a washout period, when dietary intake will be calibrated (three days), followed by an intervention period (three days), when their diet will be supplemented with three proteins with different Trp/LNAAs ratios. Physical, cognitive, dietary intake, appetite, and sleepiness evaluations will be made on the last day of each session. The primary outcome is sleep efficiency measured through in-home electroencephalogram recordings. Secondary outcomes include sleep staging, circadian phase, and sleep-, food intake-, metabolism-, and inflammation-related biochemical markers. A fuller understanding of the effect of protein Trp/LNAAs ratio on sleep could help in developing nutritional strategies addressing sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Saidi
- Clermont Auvergne University, Laboratory of Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.S.); (E.D.)
- Center for Research in Human Nutrition Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuelle Rochette
- Department of Pediatrics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (E.R.); (E.M.)
- Clermont Auvergne University, INSERM, CIC 1405, CRECHE unit, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Toulon University, Laboratory of the Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), 83000 Toulon, France
| | - Éric Doré
- Clermont Auvergne University, Laboratory of Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.S.); (E.D.)
- Center for Research in Human Nutrition Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Freddy Maso
- Rugby Training Center of the Sportive Association Montferrandaise, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Julien Raoux
- OXSITIS LAB-NUTRITION, Chrono-Nutrition Food Supplements, 63110 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (J.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Fabien Andrieux
- OXSITIS LAB-NUTRITION, Chrono-Nutrition Food Supplements, 63110 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (J.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Maria Livia Fantini
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neurology Department, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- NPsy-Sydo (EA 7280), Clermont Auvergne University, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Etienne Merlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (E.R.); (E.M.)
- Clermont Auvergne University, INSERM, CIC 1405, CRECHE unit, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Auvergne University, INRA, UMR 1019 UNH, ECREIN, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Stéphane Walrand
- Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, INRAE, UNH, F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand, France;
| | - Pascale Duché
- Toulon University, Laboratory of the Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), 83000 Toulon, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)652-1838-91
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Froyd C, Beltrami FG, Millet GY, MacIntosh BR, Noakes TD. Greater Short-Time Recovery of Peripheral Fatigue After Short- Compared With Long-Duration Time Trial. Front Physiol 2020; 11:399. [PMID: 32477158 PMCID: PMC7240104 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of recovery from neuromuscular fatigue resulting from exercise time trials (TTs) of different durations are not well-known. The aim of this study was to determine if TTs of three different durations would result in different short-term recovery in maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and evoked peak forces. Twelve trained subjects performed repetitive concentric right knee extensions on an isokinetic dynamometer self-paced to last 3, 10, and 40 min (TTs). Neuromuscular function was assessed immediately (<2 s) and 1, 2, 4, and 8 min after completion of each TT using MVCs and electrical stimulation. Electrical stimulations consisted of single stimulus (SS), paired stimuli at 10 Hz (PS10), and paired stimuli at 100 Hz (PS100). Electrically evoked forces including the ratio of low- to high-frequency doublets were similar between trials at exercise cessation but subsequently increased more (P < 0.05) after the 3 min TT compared with either the 10 or 40 min TT when measured at 1 or 2 min of recovery. MVC force was not different between trials. The results demonstrate that recovery of peripheral fatigue including low-frequency fatigue depends on the duration and intensity of the preceding self-paced exercise. These differences in recovery probably indicate differences in the mechanisms of fatigue for these different TTs. Because recovery is faster after a 3 min TT than a 40 min TT, delayed assessment of fatigue will detect a difference in peripheral fatigue between trials that was not present at exercise cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Froyd
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sport, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fernando G Beltrami
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Y Millet
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, University of Lyon, UJM Saint-Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Brian R MacIntosh
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Timothy D Noakes
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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D'Amico JM, Rouffet DM, Gandevia SC, Taylor JL. Unlike voluntary contractions, stimulated contractions of a hand muscle do not reduce voluntary activation or motoneuronal excitability. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1412-1422. [PMID: 32324475 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00553.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Voluntary force declines during sustained, maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) due to changes in muscle and central nervous system properties. Central fatigue, an exercise-induced reduction in voluntary activation, is influenced by multiple processes. Some may occur independently of descending voluntary drive. To differentiate the effects associated with voluntary drive from other central and peripheral influences, we measured voluntary activation and motoneuron excitability following fatiguing contractions produced voluntarily or by electrical stimulation. On two separate days, participants performed either a 2-min MVC of adductor pollicis muscle or received 2-min continuous supramaximal electrical stimulation of the ulnar nerve. In study 1 (n = 14), the superimposed twitch elicited by ulnar nerve stimulation during brief MVCs was increased, and, hence, voluntary activation was reduced, up to 240 s after the 2-min MVC [-20 ± 12% (SD), P = 0.002] but not the 2-min stimulated contraction (-4 ± 7%), despite large reductions in MVC force (voluntary, -54 ± 18%; stimulated, -46 ± 16%). In study 2 (n = 12), F-waves recorded from the adductor pollicis were reduced in area for 150 s following the 2-min MVC (-21 ± 16%, P = 0.007) but not after the stimulated contraction (5 ± 27%). Therefore, voluntary activation and motoneuron excitability decreased only when descending voluntary drive was present during the fatiguing task. The findings do not exclude a cortical or brain stem contribution to the reduced voluntary activation but suggest that neither sensory feedback from the fatigued muscle nor repetitive activation of motoneurons underlie the changes, whereas they are consistent with motoneuronal inhibition by released factors linked to voluntary drive.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that reductions in voluntary activation and motoneuron excitability following 2-min isometric maximal contractions in humans occur only when fatigue is produced through voluntary contractions and not through electrically stimulated contractions. This is contrary to studies that suggest that changes in the superimposed twitch and therefore voluntary activation are explained by changes in peripheral factors alone. Thus, the interpolated twitch technique remains a viable tool to assess voluntary activation and central fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M D'Amico
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - D M Rouffet
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Department of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S C Gandevia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J L Taylor
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Bassan N, Denadai BS, Lima LCR, Caritá RAC, Abdalla LHP, Greco CC. Effects of resistance training on impulse above end‐test torque and muscle fatigue. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:1115-1125. [DOI: 10.1113/ep087204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natália Bassan
- Human Performance LaboratorySão Paulo State University Rio Claro SP Brazil
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Cerqueira MS, Pereira R, Mesquita GND, Rocha T, Moura Filho AGD. Rate of force development to evaluate the neuromuscular fatigue and recovery after an intermittent isometric handgrip task with different blood flow restriction conditions. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201900010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Naves JPA, Rebelo ACS, Silva LRBE, Silva MS, Ramirez-Campillo R, Ramírez-Vélez R, Gentil P. Cardiorespiratory and perceptual responses of two interval training and a continuous training protocol in healthy young men. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 19:653-660. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1548650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucas Raphael Bento E Silva
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Araguaia College, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Laboratory of Human Performance. Research Nucleus in Health, Physical Activity and Sport. GIAP in Quality of Life and Human Well-Being. Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Center of Studies for the Measurement of Physical Activity, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Paulo Gentil
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Froyd C, Beltrami FG, Noakes TD. Neuromuscular Fatigue at Task Failure and During Immediate Recovery after Isometric Knee Extension Trials. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:sports6040156. [PMID: 30487392 PMCID: PMC6315739 DOI: 10.3390/sports6040156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We asked whether the level of peripheral fatigue would differ when three consecutive exercise trials were completed to task failure, and whether there would be delayed recovery in maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force, neuromuscular activation and peripheral fatigue following task failure. Ten trained sport students performed three consecutive knee extension isometric trials (T1, T2, T3) to task failure without breaks between trials. T1 and T2 consisted of repeated 5-s contractions followed by 5-s rests. In T1, contractions were performed at a target force at 60% pre-exercise MVC. In T2, all contractions were MVCs, and task failure occurred at 50% MVC. T3 was a sustained MVC performed until force fell below 15% MVC. Evoked force responses to supramaximal electrical femoral nerve stimulation were recorded to assess peripheral fatigue. Electromyography signals were normalized to an M-wave amplitude to assess neuromuscular activation. Lower levels of evoked peak forces were observed at T3 compared with T2 and T1. Within 5 s of task failure in T3, MVC force and neuromuscular activation recovered substantially without any recovery in evoked peak force. Neuromuscular activation 5–10 s after T3 was unchanged from pre-exercise values, however, evoked peak forces were substantially reduced. These results challenge the existence of a critical peripheral fatigue threshold that reduces neuromuscular activation. Since neuromuscular activation changed independently of any change in evoked peak force, immediate recovery in force production after exercise is due to increased central recruitment and not to peripheral mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Froyd
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sport, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 6856 Sogndal, Norway.
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Newlands 7725, South Africa.
| | - Fernando G Beltrami
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Timothy D Noakes
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Newlands 7725, South Africa.
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Dittrich N, Agostino D, Antonini Philippe R, Guglielmo LGA, Place N. Effect of hypnotic suggestion on knee extensor neuromuscular properties in resting and fatigued states. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195437. [PMID: 29684047 PMCID: PMC5912755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate whether hypnotic suggestions can alter knee extensor neuromuscular function at rest and during exercise. Methods Thirteen healthy volunteers (8 men and 5 women, 27 ± 3 years old) took part in this counterbalanced, crossover study including two experimental (hypnosis and control) sessions. Knee extensor neuromuscular function was tested before and after hypnosis suggestion by using a combination of voluntary contraction, transcutaneous femoral nerve electrical stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). A fatiguing exercise (sustained submaximal contraction at 20% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force) was also performed to evaluate the potential influence of hypnosis on the extent and origin of neuromuscular adjustments. Results Hypnosis did not (p>0.05) alter MVC force or knee extensor neural properties. Corticospinal excitability, assessed with the amplitude of knee extensor motor evoked potentials, was also unchanged (p>0.05), as was the level of intracortical inhibition assessed with paired pulse TMS (short-interval intracortical inhibition, SICI). Time to task failure (~300 s) was not different (p>0.05) between the two sessions; accordingly, hypnosis did not influence neuromuscular adjustments measured during exercise and at task failure (p>0.05). Conclusion Hypnotic suggestions did not alter neuromuscular properties of the knee extensor muscles under resting condition or during/after exercise, suggesting that hypnosis-induced improvement in exercise performance and enhanced corticospinal excitability might be limited to highly susceptible participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiandra Dittrich
- Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Physical Effort Laboratory, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Agostino
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Antonini Philippe
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicolas Place
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Rodriguez-Falces J, Place N. Determinants, analysis and interpretation of the muscle compound action potential (M wave) in humans: implications for the study of muscle fatigue. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 118:501-521. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3788-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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DUCROCQ GUILLAUMEP, HUREAU THOMASJ, MESTE OLIVIER, BLAIN GRÉGORYM. Increased Fatigue Response to Augmented Deceptive Feedback during Cycling Time Trial. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:1541-1551. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Njemini R, Forti LN, Mets T, Van Roie E, Coudyzer W, Beyer I, Delecluse C, Bautmans I. Sex difference in the heat shock response to high external load resistance training in older humans. Exp Gerontol 2017; 93:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Froyd C, Beltrami FG, Millet GY, Noakes TD. No Critical Peripheral Fatigue Threshold during Intermittent Isometric Time to Task Failure Test with the Knee Extensors. Front Physiol 2017; 7:627. [PMID: 28066260 PMCID: PMC5165016 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that group III and IV muscle afferents provide inhibitory feedback from locomotor muscles to the central nervous system, setting an absolute threshold for the development of peripheral fatigue during exercise. The aim of this study was to test the validity of this theory. Thus, we asked whether the level of developed peripheral fatigue would differ when two consecutive exercise trials were completed to task failure. Ten trained sport students performed two exercise trials to task failure on an isometric dynamometer, allowing peripheral fatigue to be assessed 2 s after maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) post task failure. The trials, separated by 8 min, consisted of repeated sets of 10 × 5-s isometric knee extension followed by 5-s rest between contractions. In each set, the first nine contractions were performed at a target force at 60% of the pre-exercise MVC, while the 10th contraction was a MVC. MVC and evoked force responses to supramaximal electrical femoral nerve stimulation on relaxed muscles were assessed during the trials and at task failure. Stimulations at task failure consisted of single stimulus (SS), paired stimuli at 10 Hz (PS10), paired stimuli at 100 Hz (PS100), and 50 stimuli at 100 Hz (tetanus). Time to task failure for the first trial (12.84 ± 5.60 min) was longer (P < 0.001) than for the second (5.74 ± 1.77 min). MVC force was significantly lower at task failure for both trials compared with the pre-exercise values (both P < 0.001), but there were no differences in MVC at task failure in the first and second trials (P = 1.00). However, evoked peak force for SS, PS100, and tetanus were all reduced more at task failure in the second compared to the first trial (P = 0.014 for SS, P < 0.001 for PS100 and tetanus). These results demonstrate that subjects do not terminate exercise at task failure because they have reached a critical threshold in peripheral fatigue. The present data therefore question the existence of a critical peripheral fatigue threshold during intermittent isometric exercise to task failure with the knee extensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Froyd
- Faculty of Teacher Education and Sport, Sogn og Fjordane University CollegeSogndal, Norway; Department of Human Biology, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
| | - Fernando G Beltrami
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Y Millet
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Timothy D Noakes
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa
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Pageaux B, Lepers R. Fatigue Induced by Physical and Mental Exertion Increases Perception of Effort and Impairs Subsequent Endurance Performance. Front Physiol 2016; 7:587. [PMID: 27965592 PMCID: PMC5126404 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance performance involves the prolonged maintenance of constant or self-regulated power/velocity or torque/force. While the impact of numerous determinants of endurance performance has been previously reviewed, the impact of fatigue on subsequent endurance performance still needs to be documented. This review aims to present the impact of fatigue induced by physical or mental exertion on subsequent endurance performance. For the purpose of this review, endurance performance refers to performance during whole-body or single-joint endurance exercise soliciting mainly the aerobic energy system. First, the impact of physical and mental exertion on force production capacity is presented, with specific emphasize on the fact that solely physical exertion and not mental exertion induces a decrease in force production capacity of the working muscles. Then, the negative impact of fatigue induced by physical exertion and mental exertion on subsequent endurance performance is highlighted based on experimental data. Perception of effort being identified as the variable altered by both prior physical exertion and mental exertion, future studies should investigate the underlying mechanisms increasing perception of effort overtime and in presence of fatigue during endurance exercise. Perception of effort should be considered not only as marker of exercise intensity, but also as a factor limiting endurance performance. Therefore, using a psychophysiological approach to explain the regulation of endurance performance would allow a better understanding of the interaction between physiological and psychological phenomena known to impact endurance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pageaux
- CAPS UMR1093, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté Dijon, France
| | - Romuald Lepers
- CAPS UMR1093, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté Dijon, France
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Neyroud D, Kayser B, Place N. Are There Critical Fatigue Thresholds? Aggregated vs. Individual Data. Front Physiol 2016; 7:376. [PMID: 27630575 PMCID: PMC5005398 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying task failure from fatiguing physical efforts have been the focus of many studies without reaching consensus. An attractive but debated model explains effort termination with a critical peripheral fatigue threshold. Upon reaching this threshold, feedback from sensory afferents would trigger task disengagement from open-ended tasks or a reduction of exercise intensity of closed-ended tasks. Alternatively, the extant literature also appears compatible with a more global critical threshold of loss of maximal voluntary contraction force. Indeed, maximal voluntary contraction force loss from fatiguing exercise realized at a given intensity appears rather consistent between different studies. However, when looking at individual data, the similar maximal force losses observed between different tasks performed at similar intensities might just be an “artifact” of data aggregation. It would then seem possible that such a difference observed between individual and aggregated data also applies to other models previously proposed to explain task failure from fatiguing physical efforts. We therefore suggest that one should be cautious when trying to infer models that try to explain individual behavior from aggregated data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Neyroud
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bengt Kayser
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Place
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
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KILPATRICK MARCUSW, MARTINEZ NIC, LITTLE JONATHANP, JUNG MARYE, JONES ANDREWM, PRICE NICKW, LENDE DANIELH. Impact of High-Intensity Interval Duration on Perceived Exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 47:1038-45. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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25
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Effect of curcumin supplementation on physiological fatigue and physical performance in mice. Nutrients 2015; 7:905-21. [PMID: 25647661 PMCID: PMC4344567 DOI: 10.3390/nu7020905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CCM) is a well-known phytocompound and food component found in the spice turmeric and has multifunctional bioactivities. However, few studies have examined its effects on exercise performance and physical fatigue. We aimed to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of CCM supplementation on fatigue and ergogenic function following physical challenge in mice. Male ICR mice were divided into four groups to receive vehicle or CCM (180 μg/mL) by oral gavage at 0, 12.3, 24.6, or 61.5 mL/kg/day for four weeks. Exercise performance and anti-fatigue function were evaluated after physical challenge by forelimb grip strength, exhaustive swimming time, and levels of physical fatigue-associated biomarkers serum lactate, ammonia, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and glucose and tissue damage markers such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and creatine kinase (CK). CCM supplementation dose-dependently increased grip strength and endurance performance and significantly decreased lactate, ammonia, BUN, AST, ALT, and CK levels after physical challenge. Muscular glycogen content, an important energy source for exercise, was significantly increased. CCM supplementation had few subchronic toxic effects. CCM supplementation may have a wide spectrum of bioactivities for promoting health, improving exercise performance and preventing fatigue.
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Sharma P, Morris NR, Adams L. Effect of induced leg muscle fatigue on exertional dyspnea in healthy subjects. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 118:48-54. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00393.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genesis of dyspnea is complex. It appears to be related to central respiratory drive although prevailing leg fatigue could independently potentiate dyspnea. We hypothesized that experimentally induced leg fatigue generates more intense exertional dyspnea for a given level of ventilatory drive. Following familiarization, 19 healthy subjects (32.2 ± 7.6 yr; 11 men) performed a 5-min treadmill test (speed: ∼4 km/h; grade: ∼25%) on two separate days randomized between control (C) and experimentally induced leg fatigue (E) achieved by repeated knee extension against 40% body weight until task failure. Oxygen uptake (V̇o2, l/min), carbon dioxide output (V̇co2, l/min), ventilation (V̇e, l/min), and respiratory rate (fR) were measured breath by breath. Heart rate (HR) and perceived dyspnea intensity (0–10 numerical scale) were recorded continuously. Data were averaged over 30-s intervals. Exertional dyspnea during E was statistically significantly higher (E vs. C: 4.2 ± 0.2 vs. 3.4 ± 0.2, P < 0.001) and accompanied by a significant increase in V̇e (E vs. C: 61.7 ± 3.7 vs. 55.3 ± 2.8, P = 0.005) and fR (E vs. C: 26.7 ± 1.0 vs. 24.2 ± 1.3, P = 0.036). Dyspnea following E remained significantly higher after allowing for the V̇e confound (ANCOVA, P = 0.003). V̇o2, V̇co2, and HR were not significantly different between two conditions. However, the slopes for dyspnea vs. V̇o2 and dyspnea vs. V̇e were similar between E and C, which suggested that gain in dyspnea per unit change in V̇o2 or V̇e was not altered by leg fatigue. These findings support the hypothesis that the intensity of exertional dyspnea is exacerbated by peripheral afferent information from fatigued leg muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Sharma
- School of Allied Health Sciences/Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Norman R. Morris
- School of Allied Health Sciences/Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lewis Adams
- School of Allied Health Sciences/Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
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Bhambhani Y, Fan JL, Place N, Rodriguez-Falces J, Kayser B. Electromyographic, cerebral, and muscle hemodynamic responses during intermittent, isometric contractions of the biceps brachii at three submaximal intensities. Front Physiol 2014; 5:190. [PMID: 24966837 PMCID: PMC4052733 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the electromyographic, cerebral and muscle hemodynamic responses during intermittent isometric contractions of biceps brachii at 20, 40, and 60% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Eleven volunteers completed 2 min of intermittent isometric contractions (12/min) at an elbow angle of 90° interspersed with 3 min rest between intensities in systematic order. Surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the right biceps brachii and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to simultaneously measure left prefrontal and right biceps brachii oxyhemoglobin (HbO2), deoxyhemoglobin (HHb), and total hemoglobin (Hbtot). Transcranial Doppler ultrasound was used to measure middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) bilaterally. Finger photoplethysmography was used to record beat-to-beat blood pressure and heart rate. EMG increased with force output from 20 to 60% MVC (P < 0.05). Cerebral HbO2 and Hbtot increased while HHb decreased during contractions with differences observed between 60% vs. 40% and 20% MVC (P < 0.05). Muscle HbO2 decreased while HHb increased during contractions with differences being observed among intensities (P < 0.05). Muscle Hbtot increased from rest at 20% MVC (P < 0.05), while no further change was observed at 40 and 60% MVC (P > 0.05). MCAv increased from rest to exercise but was not different among intensities (P > 0.05). Force output correlated with the root mean square EMG and changes in muscle HbO2 (P < 0.05), but not changes in cerebral HbO2 (P > 0.05) at all three intensities. Force output declined by 8% from the 1st to the 24th contraction only at 60% MVC and was accompanied by systematic increases in RMS, cerebral HbO2 and Hbtot with a leveling off in muscle HbO2 and Hbtot. These changes were independent of alterations in mean arterial pressure. Since cerebral blood flow and oxygenation were elevated at 60% MVC, we attribute the development of fatigue to reduced muscle oxygen availability rather than impaired central neuronal activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagesh Bhambhani
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jui-Lin Fan
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland ; Lemanic Neuroscience Doctoral School, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Place
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Javier Rodriguez-Falces
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarra Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bengt Kayser
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
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28
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Halperin I, Aboodarda SJ, Basset FA, Byrne JM, Behm DG. Pacing strategies during repeated maximal voluntary contractions. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114:1413-20. [PMID: 24658878 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-2872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pacing strategies have been reported to occur during continuous cyclical exercises. However, currently no studies have examined if pacing takes place during repeated maximal voluntary muscle contractions (MVCs). Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to examine if informing subjects on the number of MVCs they would perform would affect force and root mean squared electromyography (EMG), during similar fatiguing protocols. METHODS Thirty well-trained male subjects completed three fatiguing protocols in a randomized order. In the control condition participants were informed they would perform 12 MVCs, and then completed all 12. In the unknown condition they were not told how many MVCs they would perform, but were stopped after 12. Lastly, in the deception condition they were initially told they would perform only 6 MVCs, but after the 6 contractions they were asked to perform a few more repetitions and were stopped after 12. RESULTS Compared to the unknown condition, subjects demonstrated greater forces (p < 0.05, ES = 0.35-1.14, 2-7.5%) and biceps EMG (p < 0.05, ES = 0.6, 6%) in the deception condition during the first six MVCs. Additionally, under all conditions subjects applied greater forces in the last repetition (#12) relative to the previous one (#11) (p < 0.06, ES = 0.36-0.5, 2.8-3.8%). CONCLUSIONS The anticipation of performing a certain number of MVCs led the subjects to utilize different pacing strategies. The results also question the assumption that subjects followed the instruction to exert maximal effort during repeated MVCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Halperin
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
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Maffiuletti NA, Vivodtzev I, Minetto MA, Place N. A new paradigm of neuromuscular electrical stimulation for the quadriceps femoris muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114:1197-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-2849-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Neyroud D, Vallotton A, Millet GY, Kayser B, Place N. The effect of muscle fatigue on stimulus intensity requirements for central and peripheral fatigue quantification. Eur J Appl Physiol 2013; 114:205-15. [PMID: 24197080 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2760-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study was designed to determine the stimulation intensity necessary for an adequate assessment of central and peripheral components of neuromuscular fatigue of the knee extensors. METHODS Three different stimulation intensities (100, 120 and 150% of the lowest intensity evoking a plateau in M-waves and twitch amplitudes, optimal stimulation intensity, OSI) were used to assess voluntary activation level (VAL) as well as M-wave, twitch and doublet amplitudes before, during and after an incremental isometric exercise performed by 14 (8 men) healthy and physically active volunteers. A visual analog scale was used to evaluate the associated discomfort. RESULTS There was no difference (p > 0.05) in VAL between the three intensities before and after exercise. However, we found that stimulating at 100% OSI may overestimate the extent of peripheral fatigue during exercise, whereas 150% OSI stimulations led to greater discomfort associated with doublet stimulations as well as to an increased antagonist co-activation compared to 100% OSI. CONCLUSION We recommend using 120% OSI, as it constitutes a good trade-off between discomfort and reliable measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Neyroud
- Institute of Movement Sciences and Sports Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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31
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Strength training at high versus low external resistance in older adults: Effects on muscle volume, muscle strength, and force–velocity characteristics. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:1351-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Neyroud D, Rüttimann J, Mannion AF, Millet GY, Maffiuletti NA, Kayser B, Place N. Comparison of neuromuscular adjustments associated with sustained isometric contractions of four different muscle groups. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 114:1426-34. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01539.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent and characteristics of muscle fatigue of different muscle groups when subjected to a similar fatiguing task may differ. Thirteen healthy young men performed sustained contractions at 50% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force until task failure, with four different muscle groups, over two sessions. Per session, one upper limb and one lower limb muscle group were tested (knee extensors and thumb adductor, or plantar and elbow flexors). Changes in voluntary activation level and contractile properties were derived from doublet responses evoked during and after MVCs before and after exercise. Time to task failure differed ( P < 0.05) between muscle groups (220 ± 64 s for plantar flexors, 114 ± 27 s for thumb adductor, 77 ± 25 s for knee extensors, and 72 ± 14 s for elbow flexors). MVC force loss immediately after voluntary task failure was similar (−30 ± 11% for plantar flexors, −37 ± 13% for thumb adductor, −34 ± 15% for knee extensors, and −40 ± 12% for elbow flexors, P > 0.05). Voluntary activation was decreased for plantar flexors only (from 95 ± 5% to 82 ± 9%, P < 0.05). Potentiated evoked doublet amplitude was more depressed for upper limb muscles (−59.3 ± 14.7% for elbow flexors and −60.1 ± 24.1% for thumb adductor, P < 0.05) than for knee extensors (−28 ± 15%, P < 0.05); no reduction was found in plantar flexors (−7 ± 12%, P > 0.05). In conclusion, despite different times to task failure when sustaining an isometric contraction at 50% MVC force for as long as possible, diverse muscle groups present similar loss of MVC force after task failure. Thus the extent of muscle fatigue is not affected by time to task failure, whereas this latter determines the etiology of fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Neyroud
- Institute of Movement Sciences and Sports Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Rüttimann
- Institute of Movement Sciences and Sports Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Bengt Kayser
- Institute of Movement Sciences and Sports Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Place
- Institute of Movement Sciences and Sports Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Divergent muscle fatigue during unilateral isometric contractions of dominant and non-dominant quadriceps. J Sci Med Sport 2013; 16:240-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Baudry S, Sarrazin S, Duchateau J. Effects of load magnitude on muscular activity and tissue oxygenation during repeated elbow flexions until failure. Eur J Appl Physiol 2013; 113:1895-904. [PMID: 23471683 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the changes in muscular activity and tissue oxygenation while lifting and lowering a load of 20, 40, 60 or 80 % of one repetition maximum (1RM) with elbow flexor muscles until failure. The surface electromyogram (EMG) was recorded in biceps brachii (BB), brachioradialis (BRD) and triceps brachii (TB). For BB, a tissue oxygenation index (TOI) and a normalized total hemoglobin index (nTHI) were recorded by near-infrared spectroscopy. The number of repetitions decreased with the increase in load (P < 0.001), and the four loading conditions induced a decrease in MVC force immediately after failure (P < 0.001). The average of rectified EMG amplitude (aEMG) of elbow flexors increased for all loads during muscle shortening (SHO) and lengthening (LEN) phases of the movement (P < 0.05), except for the 80 % load during LEN phase. At failure, the aEMG was greater during the SHO than the LEN phase (P < 0.05), except for the 20 % load. TOI decreased for all loads and phases (P < 0.05) but less (P < 0.01) for the 20 % than 60 and 80 % loads (P < 0.01), and for LEN compared with SHO phase. At failure, TOI was negatively associated with aEMG during the SHO (r(2) = 0.99) and LEN (r(2) = 0.82) phases, while TOI and aEMG were positively associated with load magnitude (r(2) > 0.90) in both movement phases. This study emphasizes the influence of load magnitude and movement phase (SHO and LEN) on neuromuscular and oxydative adjustments during movements that involve lifting and lowering a load until failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Baudry
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Faculty for Motor Sciences, Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808, Route de Lennik, CP 640, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
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Corticospinal Responses to Sustained Locomotor Exercises: Moving Beyond Single-Joint Studies of Central Fatigue. Sports Med 2013; 43:437-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-013-0020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Neuromuscular fatigue induced by whole-body vibration exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2013; 113:1625-34. [PMID: 23344670 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the magnitude and the origin of neuromuscular fatigue induced by half-squat static whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise, and to compare it to a non-WBV condition. Nine healthy volunteers completed two fatiguing protocols (WBV and non-WBV, randomly presented) consisting of five 1-min bouts of static half-squat exercise with a load corresponding to 50 % of their individual body mass. Neuromuscular fatigue of knee and ankle muscles was investigated before and immediately after each fatiguing protocol. The main outcomes were maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque, voluntary activation, and doublet peak torque. Knee extensor MVC torque decreased significantly (P < 0.01) and to the same extent after WBV (-23 %) and non-WBV (-25 %), while knee flexor, plantar flexor, and dorsiflexor MVC torque was not affected by the treatments. Voluntary activation of knee extensor and plantar flexor muscles was unaffected by the two fatiguing protocols. Doublet peak torque decreased significantly and to a similar extent following WBV and non-WBV exercise, for both knee extensors (-25 %; P < 0.01) and plantar flexors (-7 %; P < 0.05). WBV exercise with additional load did not accentuate fatigue and did not change its causative factors compared to non-WBV half-squat resistive exercise in recreationally active subjects.
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Mechanisms of Fatigue and Task Failure Induced By Sustained Submaximal Contractions. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31826a58e0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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