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Noah AA, El-Mezayen NS, El-Ganainy SO, Darwish IE, Afify EA. Reversal of fibrosis and portal hypertension by Empagliflozin treatment of CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis: Emphasis on gal-1/NRP-1/TGF-β and gal-1/NRP-1/VEGFR2 pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176066. [PMID: 37769984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
To date, liver fibrosis has no clinically approved treatment. Empagliflozin (EMPA), a highly selective sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, has shown ameliorative potential in liver diseases without revealing its full mechanisms. Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is a novel regulator of profibrogenic signaling pathways related to hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HSECs) that modulates intrahepatic profibrogenic and angiogenic pathways. Herein, EMPA's antifibrotic potentials and effects on galactin-1 (Gal-1)/NRP-1 signaling pathways have been evaluated in an experimental liver fibrosis rat model by testing different EMPA dose regimens. EMPA treatment brought a dose-dependent decrease in Gal-1/NRP-1 hepatic expression. This was coupled with suppression of major HSCs pro-fibrotic pathways; transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/TGF-βRI/Smad2 and platelet-derived growth factor-beta (PDGF-β) with a diminution of hepatic Col 1A1 level. In addition, EMPA prompted a protuberant suppression of the angiogenic pathway; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF-receptor-2 (VEGFR-2)/SH2-Domain Containing Adaptor Protein-B (Shb), and reversal of altered portal hypertension (PHT) markers; endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The amelioration of liver fibrosis was coupled with a remarkable improvement in liver aminotransferases and histologic hepatic fibrosis Ishak scores. The highest EMPA dose showed a good safety profile with minimal changes in renal function and glycemic control. Thus, the current study brought about novel findings for a potential liver fibrosis treatment modality via targeting NRP-1 signaling pathways by EMPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A Noah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt; Clinical Research Administration, Alexandria Directorate of Health Affairs, Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nesrine S El-Mezayen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Samar O El-Ganainy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Inas E Darwish
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Elham A Afify
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Lin Z, Wang J. Taxifolin protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and ferroptosis by adjusting microRNA-200a-mediated Nrf2 signaling pathway. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22011. [PMID: 38053888 PMCID: PMC10694176 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (Dox) is commonly used to treat various types of cancer, even though it can cause life-threatening cardiotoxicity. Clinically, there is no particularly effective way to treat Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Therefore, it is imperative to identify compounds that can effectively alleviate Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Ferroptosis and oxidative stress play a key role in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity, and the inhibition of ferroptosis and oxidative stress could effectively protect against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Taxifolin (TAX) is a flavonoid commonly found in onions and citrus fruits. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of TAX on Dox-induced cardiac injury and dysfunction and aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying these effects. Using a mouse model of Dox-induced cardiotoxicity, we administered 20 mg/kg/day of TAX by gavage for 2 weeks. A week after the first use of TAX, each mouse was administered a 10 mg/kg dose of Dox. TAX was first evaluated for its cardioprotective properties, and the outcomes showed that TAX significantly reduced the damage caused by Dox to the myocardium in terms of structural and functional damage by effectively inhibiting ferroptosis and oxidative stress. In vivo, echocardiography, histopathologic assay, serum biochemical analysis and western blotting was used to find the results that Dox promoted ferroptosis-induced cardiomyocyte death, while TAX reversed these effects. In vitro, we also found that TAX alleviated Dox-induced cardiotoxicity by using ROS/DHE staining assay, Cellular immunofluorescence and western blotting. TAX increasing expression of microRNA-200a (miR-200a) which affects ferroptosis by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. We believe that TAX inhibits ferroptosis and is a potential phytochemical that prevents Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
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Geana EI, Ciucure CT, Tamaian R, Marinas IC, Gaboreanu DM, Stan M, Chitescu CL. Antioxidant and Wound Healing Bioactive Potential of Extracts Obtained from Bark and Needles of Softwood Species. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1383. [PMID: 37507922 PMCID: PMC10376860 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in the extraction of phytochemical bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols from biomass, has recently increased due to their valuable biological potential as natural sources of antioxidants, which could be used in a wide range of applications, from foods and pharmaceuticals to green polymers and bio-based materials. The present research study aimed to provide a comprehensive chemical characterization of the phytochemical composition of forest biomass (bark and needles) of softwood species (Picea abies L., H. Karst., and Abies alba Mill.) and to investigate their in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities to assess their potential in treating and healing infected chronic wounds. The DPPH radical-scavenging method and P-LD were used for a mechanistic explanation of the biomolecular effects of the investigated bioactive compounds. (+)-Catechin, epicatechin, rutin, myricetin, 4 hydroxybenzoic and p-cumaric acids, kaempherol, and apigenin were the main quantified polyphenols in coniferous biomass (in quantities around 100 µg/g). Also, numerous phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, terpenes, lignans, secoiridoids, and indanes with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antihemolytic, and anti-carcinogenic potential were identified. The Abies alba needle extract was more toxic to microbial strains than the eukaryotic cells that provide its active wound healing principles. In this context, developing industrial upscaling strategies is imperative for the long-term success of biorefineries and incorporating them as part of a circular bio-economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeta-Irina Geana
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies, 240050 Ramnicu Valcea, Romania;
| | - Corina Teodora Ciucure
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies, 240050 Ramnicu Valcea, Romania;
| | - Radu Tamaian
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies, 240050 Ramnicu Valcea, Romania;
| | - Ioana Cristina Marinas
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, 050567 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Diana Mădălina Gaboreanu
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, 050567 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.G.); (M.S.)
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Miruna Stan
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, 050567 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Carmen Lidia Chitescu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania;
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Jones H, Papageorgiou M, Gordon A, Ehtesham, Javed Z, Wells L, Greetham S, Doyle B, Hayes N, Rigby A, Atkin S, Courts F, Sathyapalan T. Physiologically relevant screening of polyphenol-rich commercial preparations for bioactivity in vascular endothelial cells and application to healthy volunteers: A viable workflow and a cautionary tale. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 173:113754. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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5
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A systematic review of the potential uses of pine bark in food industry and health care. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gascón S, Jiménez-Moreno N, Jiménez S, Quero J, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ, Ancín-Azpilicueta C. Nutraceutical composition of three pine bark extracts and their antiproliferative effect on Caco-2 cells. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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7
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Chang PK, Yen IC, Tsai WC, Chang TC, Lee SY. Protective Effects of Rhodiola Crenulata Extract on Hypoxia-Induced Endothelial Damage via Regulation of AMPK and ERK Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2286. [PMID: 30081534 PMCID: PMC6121284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodiola crenulata root extract (RCE) has been shown to possess protective activities against hypoxia both in vitro and in vivo. However, the effects of RCE on response to hypoxia in the endothelium remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of RCE in endothelial cells challenged with hypoxic exposure and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were pretreated with or without RCE and then exposed to hypoxia (1% O₂) for 24 h. Cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, oxidative stress markers, as well as mechanistic readouts were studied. We found that hypoxia-induced cell death, impaired NO production, and oxidative stress. These responses were significantly attenuated by RCE treatment and were associated with the activation of AMP-activated kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathways. In summary, we showed that RCE protected endothelial cells from hypoxic insult and suggested that R. crenulata might be useful for the prevention of hypoxia-associated vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Kai Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - I-Chuan Yen
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Cheng Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Tsu-Chung Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Yu Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
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8
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Zhu JD, Wang JJ, Zhang XH, Yu Y, Kang ZS. Panax ginseng extract attenuates neuronal injury and cognitive deficits in rats with vascular dementia induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:664-672. [PMID: 29722318 PMCID: PMC5950676 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.230292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax ginseng is a slow-growing perennial plant. Panax ginseng extract has numerous biological activities, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antistress activities. Panax ginseng extract also has a cognition-enhancing effect in rats with alcohol-induced memory impairment. In this study, we partially occluded the bilateral carotid arteries in the rat to induce chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, a well-known model of vascular dementia. The rats were then intragastrically administered 50 or 100 mg/kg Panax ginseng extract. Morris water maze and balance beam tests were used to evaluate memory deficits and motor function, respectively. Protein quantity was used to evaluate cholinergic neurons. Immunofluorescence staining was used to assess the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells. Western blot assay was used to evaluate protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, Bcl-2 and Bax. Treatment with Panax ginseng extract for 8 weeks significantly improved behavioral function and increased neuronal density and VEGF and bFGF protein expression in the hippocampal CA3 area. Furthermore, Panax ginseng extract reduced the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunoreactive cells, and it decreased apoptosis by upregulating Bcl-2 and downregulating Bax protein expression. The effect of Panax ginseng extract was dose-dependent and similar to that of nimodipine, a commonly used drug for the treatment of vascular dementia. These findings suggest that Panax ginseng extract is neuroprotective against vascular dementia induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, and therefore might have therapeutic potential for preventing and treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-De Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New Area, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New Area, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xian-Hu Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New Area, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New Area, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhao-Sheng Kang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New Area, Guizhou Province, China
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Pillaiyar T, Manickam M, Jung SH. Recent development of signaling pathways inhibitors of melanogenesis. Cell Signal 2017; 40:99-115. [PMID: 28911859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human skin, eye and hair color rely on the production of melanin, depending on its quantity, quality, and distribution, Melanin plays a monumental role in protecting the skin against the harmful effect of ultraviolet radiation and oxidative stress from various environmental pollutants. However, an excessive production of melanin causes serious dermatological problems such as freckles, solar lentigo (age spots), melasma, as well as cancer. Hence, the regulation of melanin production is important for controlling the hyper-pigmentation. Melanogenesis, a biosynthetic pathway to produce melanin pigment in melanocyte, involves a series of intricate enzymatic and chemical catalyzed reactions. Several extrinsic factors include ultraviolet radiation and chemical drugs, and intrinsic factors include molecules secreted by surrounding keratinocytes or melanocytes, and fibroblasts, all of which regulate melanogenesis. This article reviews recent advances in the development of melanogenesis inhibitors that directly/indirectly target melanogenesis-related signaling pathways. Efforts have been made to provide a description of the mechanism of action of inhibitors on various melanogenesis signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Manoj Manickam
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National, University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National, University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Ameliorative effects of tannic acid on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 130:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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11
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Tagashira H, Miyamoto A, Kitamura SI, Tsubata M, Yamaguchi K, Takagaki K, Imokawa G. UVB Stimulates the Expression of Endothelin B Receptor in Human Melanocytes via a Sequential Activation of the p38/MSK1/CREB/MITF Pathway Which Can Be Interrupted by a French Maritime Pine Bark Extract through a Direct Inactivation of MSK1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128678. [PMID: 26030901 PMCID: PMC4452497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanogenesis is the physiological process by which melanin is synthesized to protect the skin from UV damage. While paracrine interactions between keratinocytes and melanocytes are crucial for regulating epidermal pigmentation, the endothelin (EDN)-endothelin B-receptor (EDNRB) interaction is one of the key linkages. In this study, we found that a single exposure of normal human melanocytes (NHMs) with UVB stimulates the expression of EDNRB and its upstream transcription factor microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) at the transcriptional and translational levels. That stimulation can be abrogated by post-irradiation treatment with a French maritime pine bark extract (PBE). UVB stimulated the phosphorylation of p38 and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not ERK, followed by the increased phosphorylation of MSK1 and CREB. The post-irradiation treatment with PBE did not affect the increased phosphorylation of p38 and JNK, but distinctly abrogated the phosphorylation of MSK1 and CREB. Post-irradiation treatment with the MSK1 inhibitor H89 significantly down-regulated the increased gene expression of MITF and EDNRB in UVB-exposed NHMs. Our findings indicate for the first time that the increased expression of MITF that leads to the up-regulation of melanocyte-specific proteins in UVB-exposed NHMs is mediated via activation of the p38/MSK1/CREB pathway but not the ERK/RSK/CREB pathway. The mode of action by PBE demonstrates that interrupting MSK1 activation is a new target for antioxidants including PBE which can serve as anti-pigmenting agents in a reactive oxygen species-depletion-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Tagashira
- Research and Development Division, Toyo Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 7–28 Yayoigaoka, Tosu, Saga, 841–0005, Japan
| | - Aki Miyamoto
- Research and Development Division, Toyo Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 7–28 Yayoigaoka, Tosu, Saga, 841–0005, Japan
| | - Sei-ichi Kitamura
- Research and Development Division, Toyo Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 7–28 Yayoigaoka, Tosu, Saga, 841–0005, Japan
| | - Masahito Tsubata
- Research and Development Division, Toyo Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 7–28 Yayoigaoka, Tosu, Saga, 841–0005, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamaguchi
- Research and Development Division, Toyo Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 7–28 Yayoigaoka, Tosu, Saga, 841–0005, Japan
| | - Kinya Takagaki
- Research and Development Division, Toyo Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 7–28 Yayoigaoka, Tosu, Saga, 841–0005, Japan
| | - Genji Imokawa
- Research Institute for Biological Functions, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi, 487–8501, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Hossain A, Yamaguchi F, Hirose K, Matsunaga T, Sui L, Hirata Y, Noguchi C, Katagi A, Kamitori K, Dong Y, Tsukamoto I, Tokuda M. Rare sugar D-psicose prevents progression and development of diabetes in T2DM model Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:525-35. [PMID: 25632221 PMCID: PMC4304484 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s71289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fundamental cause of overweight and obesity is consumption of calorie-dense foods. We have introduced a zero-calorie sweet sugar, d-psicose (d-allulose), a rare sugar that has been proven to have strong antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects, and could be used as a replacement of natural sugar for the obese and diabetic subjects. AIM Above mentioned efficacy of d-psicose (d-allulose) has been confirmed in our previous studies on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats with short-term treatment. In this study we investigated the long-term effect of d-psicose in preventing the commencement and progression of T2DM with the mechanism of preservation of pancreatic β-cells in OLETF rats. METHODS Treated OLETF rats were fed 5% d-psicose dissolved in water and control rats only water. Nondiabetic control rats, Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO), were taken as healthy control and fed water. To follow the progression of diabetes, periodic measurements of blood glucose, plasma insulin, and body weight changes were continued till sacrifice at 60 weeks. Periodic in vivo body fat mass was measured. On sacrifice, pancreas, liver, and abdominal adipose tissues were collected for various staining tests. RESULTS d-Psicose prevented the commencement and progression of T2DM till 60 weeks through the maintenance of blood glucose levels, decrease in body weight gain, and the control of postprandial hyperglycemia, with decreased levels of HbA1c in comparison to nontreated control rats. This improvement in glycemic control was accompanied by the maintenance of plasma insulin levels and the preservation of pancreatic β-cells with the significant reduction in inflammatory markers. Body fat accumulation was significantly lower in the treatment group, with decreased infiltration of macrophages in the abdominal adipose tissue. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the rare sugar d-psicose could be beneficial for the prevention and control of obesity and hyperglycemia with the preservation of β-cells in the progression of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Hossain
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
- Research and Development, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Kitaitami, Itami-Shi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Fuminori Yamaguchi
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kayoko Hirose
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Toru Matsunaga
- Division of Hospital Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Li Sui
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Hirata
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Chisato Noguchi
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Ayako Katagi
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Kamitori
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Youyi Dong
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Ikuko Tsukamoto
- Department of Pharmaco-Bio-Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Masaaki Tokuda
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
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Pine bark extract prevents low-density lipoprotein oxidation and regulates monocytic expression of antioxidant enzymes. Nutr Res 2015; 35:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Syzygium cumini is more effective in preventing the increase of erythrocytic ADA activity than phenolic compounds under hyperglycemic conditions in vitro. J Physiol Biochem 2014; 70:321-30. [PMID: 24407852 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-013-0305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Syzygium cumini (S. cumini) is a plant known for its antidiabetic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Sc aqueous leaf extract (ASc) on adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in erythrocytes (RBCs) exposed to high glucose concentrations (30 mM) in vitro. We also investigated the effects of the main phenolic compounds found in ASc (gallic acid, rutin, and chlorogenic acid) and the effects of insulin, caffeine, and dipyridamole, which are substances involved in the adenosine metabolism, on ADA activity in vitro. Blood samples were obtained from healthy volunteers and a suspension of RBCs was used for the determination of ADA activity. The results showed that: (1) the effect of ASc on ADA activity was more significant than the combination of phenolic compounds; (2) insulin, caffeine, or dipyridamole prevented high glucose increase of ADA activity at doses as low as 50 μU/mL, 25 μM, and 1 μM, respectively; (3) the inhibitory effect caused by ASc on erythrocyte ADA activity remained practically the same after the combination of the extract with insulin or caffeine; (4) when RBCs were exposed to ASc plus dipyridamole, this chemical attenuated the effect of ASc on ADA activity, suggesting an antagonism or a competition with ASc by the same site of action. Therefore, ASc was more effective in preventing the increase in ADA activity than phenolic compounds, suggesting that ASc may collaborate to improve endothelial dysfunction, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic properties of adenosine by affecting its metabolism. The results of this study help to provide evidence of the empirically supported benefits of the use of S. cumini in diabetes.
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Amonkan A, Konan A, Bleyere M, Ahui B, Kouakou L, Bouafou G, Kati-Couli S. Comparative Effects of Ficus exasperata Aqueous Leaf Extract and
Furosemide on Urinary Excretion in DOCA-salt Hypertensive Rat. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2013.385.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Sharma AK, Bharti S, Kumar R, Krishnamurthy B, Bhatia J, Kumari S, Arya DS. Syzygium cumini ameliorates insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction via modulation of PPAR, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and TNF-α in type 2 diabetic rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 119:205-13. [PMID: 22786584 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11184fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Syzygium cumini (SC) is well known for its anti-diabetic potential, but the mechanism underlying its amelioration of type 2 diabetes is still elusive. Therefore, for the first time, we investigated whether SC aqueous seed extract (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) exerts any beneficial effects on insulin resistance (IR), serum lipid profile, antioxidant status, and/or pancreatic β-cell damage in high-fat diet / streptozotocin-induced (HFD-STZ) diabetic rats. Wistar albino rats were fed with HFD (55% of calories as fat) during the experiment to induce IR and on the 10th day were injected with STZ (40 mg/kg, i.p.) to develop type 2 diabetes. Subsequently, after confirmation of hyperglycemia on the 14th day (fasting glucose level > 13.89 mM), diabetic rats were treated with SC for the next 21 days. Diabetic rats showed increased serum glucose, insulin, IR, TNF-α, dyslipidemia, and pancreatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances with a concomitant decrease in β-cell function and pancreatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase antioxidant enzyme activities. Microscopic examination of their pancreas revealed pathological changes in islets and β-cells. These alterations reverted to near-normal levels after treatment with SC at 400 mg/kg. Moreover, hepatic tissue demonstrated increased PPARγ and PPARα protein expressions. Thus, our study demonstrated the beneficial effect of SC seed extract on IR and β-cell dysfunction in HFD-STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Sharma
- Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
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Yoshizumi M, Matsumura Y. Pharmacology in Health Foods: Preface. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 115:459-60. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10r35fm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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