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Becegato M, Silva RH. Female rodents in behavioral neuroscience: Narrative review on the methodological pitfalls. Physiol Behav 2024; 284:114645. [PMID: 39047942 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Since the NIH 'Sex as biological variable' policy, the percentage of studies including female subjects have increased largely. Nonetheless, many researchers fail to adequate their protocols to include females. In this narrative review, we aim to discuss the methodological pitfalls of the inclusion of female rodents in behavioral neuroscience. We address three points to consider in studies: the manipulations conducted only in female animals (such as estrous cycle monitoring, ovariectomy, and hormone replacement), the consideration of males as the standard, and biases related to interpretation and publication of the results. In addition, we suggest guidelines and perspectives for the inclusion of females in preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Becegato
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina H Silva
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; MaternaCiência, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Wang Z, Hu K, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Zhao P, Li X, Ding F, Liu C, Yi S, Ren Z, Liu W, Ma B. Remodeling and Regenerative Properties of Fully Absorbable Meshes for Abdominal Wall Defect Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3968-3983. [PMID: 38788683 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Fully absorbable meshes can repair abdominal wall defects and effectively reduce the incidence of complications, but different types of fully absorbable meshes have different remodeling and regeneration effects. In order to investigate and compare the effects of different fully absorbable meshes on remodeling and regeneration in animals and reduce the biological risk of clinical translation, SYRCLE was adopted to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies, and GRADE and ConQual were used to evaluate the quality of evidence. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 22 studies related to fully absorbable meshes were included in this systematic review. These results showed that fiber-based synthetic materials and fiber-based natural materials exhibited better restorative and regenerative effects indicated by infiltration and neovascularization, when compared with a porcine acellular dermal matrix. In addition, the human acellular dermal matrix was found to have a similar regenerative effect on the host extracellular matrix and scaffold degradation compared to the porcine acellular dermal matrix, porcine intestinal submucosa, and fiber-based natural materials, but it offered higher tensile strength than the other three. The quality of the evidence in this field was found to be poor. The reasons for downgrading were analyzed, and recommendations for future research included more rigor in study design, more transparency in result reporting, more standardization of animal models and follow-up time for better evaluation of the remodeling and regenerative performance of abdominal wall hernia repair meshes, and less biological risk in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kaiyan Hu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanbiao Jiang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xingzhi Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Fengxing Ding
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shaowei Yi
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ziyu Ren
- School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
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3
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Spreen A, Alkhoury D, Walter H, Müller S. Optogenetic behavioral studies in depression research: A systematic review. iScience 2024; 27:109776. [PMID: 38726370 PMCID: PMC11079475 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics has made substantial contributions to our understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of depression. This systematic review employs quantitative analysis to investigate the impact of optogenetic stimulation in mice and rats on behavioral alterations in social interaction, sucrose consumption, and mobility. The review analyses optogenetic behavioral studies using standardized behavioral tests to detect behavioral changes induced via optogenetic stimulation in stressed or stress-naive mice and rats. Behavioral changes were evaluated as either positive, negative, or not effective. The analysis comprises the outcomes of 248 behavioral tests of 168 studies described in 37 articles, including negative and null results. Test outcomes were compared for each behavior, depending on the animal cohort, applied type of stimulation and the stimulated neuronal circuit and cell type. The presented synthesis contributes toward a comprehensive picture of optogenetic behavioral research in the context of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Spreen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental Biophysics, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dana Alkhoury
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Müller
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Ma MY, Niu XJ, Wang Q, Wang SM, Li X, Zhang SH. Evidence and possible mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis and its bioactive compounds for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. Ann Med 2024; 55:2247004. [PMID: 38232757 PMCID: PMC10795786 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2247004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicines have been reported to have outstanding effects in the treating of hepatocellular carcinoma. Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis) has demonstrated anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Baicalein, wogonin, and baicalin are the main pharmacologically bioactive compounds of S. baicalensis. METHODS Eight electronic databases were searched to select articles published from their inception to 30 May 2022. For selected articles, clinical and preclinical data was obtained on the use of S. baicalensis and its bioactive compounds in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan version 5.3 and Stata software. Quality assessment of the studies was performed using Cochrane and Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE)'s risk of bias tools. RESULTS Seven clinical and 17 preclinical in vivo studies along with 31 in vitro studies were included in this research. Meta-analysis showed that a Chinese herbal medicine preparation, with S. baicalensis as the sovereign herb, combined with Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) or primary treatment, could lead to a significantly improved tumor objective response rate (Risk ratio (RR) = 1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): [1.30, 1.90], p < 0.00001). Scutellaria baicalensis-based extracts (standard mean difference (SMD) = -0.86, 95%CI: [-1.20, -0.53], p < 0.00001), baicalein (SMD = -4.80, 95%CI: [-6.66, - 2.95], p < 0.00001), baicalin (SMD = -2.28, 95%CI [-3.26, -1.30], p < 0.00001) and wogonin (SMD = -1.41, 95%CI [-2.26, -0.57], p < 0.00001) slowed tumor growth in vivo. These outcomes might be linked to the mechanism by which S. baicalensis promotes apoptosis, induces autophagy, and blocks the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Based on experimental and clinical evidence, we believe that S. baicalensis and its bioactive compounds have therapeutic potential and plausible mechanisms of action against hepatocellular carcinoma, in terms of efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Ma
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ji Niu
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shou-Mei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ma JF, Gao JP, Shao ZW. Acute liver failure: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of optimal type of stem cells in animal models. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:1-15. [PMID: 36713788 PMCID: PMC9850664 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic effects of various stem cells in acute liver failure (ALF) have been demonstrated in preclinical studies. However, the specific type of stem cells with the highest therapeutic potential has not been determined.
AIM To validate the efficacy of stem cells in ALF model and to identify the most promising stem cells.
METHODS A search was conducted on the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases from inception to May 3, 2022, and updated on November 16, 2022 to identify relevant studies. Two independent reviewers performed the literature search, identification, screening, quality assessment, and data extraction.
RESULTS A total of 89 animal studies were included in the analysis. The results of traditional meta-analysis showed that stem cell therapy could significantly reduce the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -181.05 (-191.71, -170.39)], aspartate aminotransferase [WMD = -309.04 (-328.45, -289.63)], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [WMD = -8.75 (-9.93, -7.56)], and interleukin-6 [WMD = -10.43 (-12.11, -8.76)] in animal models of ALF. Further subgroup analysis and network meta-analysis showed that although mesenchymal stem cells are the current research hotspot, the effect of liver stem cells (LSCs) on improving liver function is significantly better than that of the other five types of stem cells. In addition, the ranking results showed that the possibility of LSCs improving liver function ranked first. This fully proves the great therapeutic potential of LSCs, which needs to be paid more attention in the future.
CONCLUSION LSCs may have a higher therapeutic potential. Further high-quality animal experiments are needed to explore the most effective stem cells for ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng Ma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jian-Ping Gao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zi-Wei Shao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
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Haslberger M, Schorr SG, Strech D, Haven T. Preclinical efficacy in investigator's brochures: Stakeholders' views on measures to improve completeness and robustness. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 89:340-350. [PMID: 35986927 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Research ethics committees and regulatory agencies assess whether the benefits of a proposed early-stage clinical trial outweigh the risks based on preclinical studies reported in investigator's brochures (IBs). Recent studies have indicated that the reporting of preclinical evidence presented in IBs does not enable proper risk-benefit assessment. We interviewed different stakeholders (regulators, research ethics committee members, preclinical and clinical researchers, ethicists, and metaresearchers) about their views on measures to increase the completeness and robustness of preclinical evidence reporting in IBs. METHODS This study was preregistered (https://osf.io/nvzwy/). We used purposive sampling and invited stakeholders to participate in an online semistructured interview between March and June 2021. Themes were derived using inductive content analysis. We used a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats matrix to categorize our findings. RESULTS Twenty-seven international stakeholders participated. The interviewees pointed to several strengths and opportunities to improve completeness and robustness, mainly more transparent and systematic justifications for the included studies. However, weaknesses and threats were mentioned that could undermine efforts to enable a more thorough assessment: The interviewees stressed that current review practices are sufficient to ensure the safe conduct of first-in-human trials. They feared that changes to the IB structure or review process could overburden stakeholders and slow drug development. CONCLUSION In principle, more robust decision-making processes align with the interests of all stakeholders and with many current initiatives to increase the translatability of preclinical research and limit uninformative or ill-justified trials early in the development process. Further research should investigate measures that could be implemented to benefit all stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Haslberger
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Gabriele Schorr
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Strech
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamarinde Haven
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Wanyan P, Wang X, Li N, Huang Y, She Y, Zhang L. Mesenchymal stem cells therapy for acute kidney injury: A systematic review with meta-analysis based on rat model. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1099056. [PMID: 37124211 PMCID: PMC10133560 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1099056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for acute kidney injury (AKI) in preclinical studies and to explore the optimal transplantation strategy of MSCs by network meta-analysis with the aim of improving the efficacy of stem cell therapy. Methods: Computer searches of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and CBM databases were conducted until 17 August 2022. Literature screening, data extraction and quality evaluation were performed independently by two researchers. Results and Discussion: A total of 50 randomized controlled animal studies were included. The results of traditional meta-analysis showed that MSCs could significantly improve the renal function and injured renal tissue of AKI rats in different subgroups. The results of network meta-analysis showed that although there was no significant difference in the therapeutic effect between different transplant routes and doses of MSCs, the results of surface under the cumulative ranking probability curve (SUCRA) showed that the therapeutic effect of intravenous transplantation of MSCs was better than that of arterial and intrarenal transplantation, and the therapeutic effect of high dose (>1×106) was better than that of low dose (≤1×106). However, the current preclinical studies have limitations in experimental design, measurement and reporting of results, and more high-quality studies, especially direct comparative evidence, are needed in the future to further confirm the best transplantation strategy of MSCs in AKI. Systematic Review Registration: identifier https://CRD42022361199, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Wanyan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Pingping Wanyan,
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Surgery, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Nenglian Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yali She
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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Huang J, Santos AC, Tan Q, Bai H, Hu X, Mamidi N, Wu Z. Black phosphorous-based biomaterials for bone defect regeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:522. [PMID: 36496422 PMCID: PMC9741806 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical-sized bone defects are always difficult to treat, and they are associated with a significant burden of disease in clinical practice. In recent decades, due to the fast development of biomaterials and tissue engineering, many bioinspired materials have been developed to treat large bone defects. Due to the excellent osteoblastic ability of black phosphorous (BP), many BP-based biomaterials have been developed to treat bone defects. Therefore, there are abundant studies as well as a tremendous amount of research data. It is urgent to conduct evidence-based research to translate these research data and results into validated scientific evidence. Therefore, in our present study, a qualitative systematic review and a quantitative meta-analysis were performed. Eighteen studies were included in a systematic review, while twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis. Our results showed that the overall quality of experimental methods and reports of biomaterials studies was still low, which needs to be improved in future studies. Besides, we also proved the excellent osteoblastic ability of BP-based biomaterials. But we did not find a significant effect of near-infrared (NIR) laser in BP-based biomaterials for treating bone defects. However, the quality of the evidence presented by included studies was very low. Therefore, to accelerate the clinical translation of BP-based biomaterials, it is urgent to improve the quality of the study method and reporting in future animal studies. More evidence-based studies should be conducted to enhance the quality and clinical translation of BP-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Huang
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Ana Cláudia Santos
- grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Quanchang Tan
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Bai
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofan Hu
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Narsimha Mamidi
- grid.419886.a0000 0001 2203 4701Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology, School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 64849 Monterrey, NL Mexico
| | - Zixiang Wu
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
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Shang Z, Wang M, Zhang B, Wang X, Wanyan P. Subacute traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of therapeutic strategies based on bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in animal models. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:1181-1189. [PMID: 36117057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS To explore the optimal transplantation strategy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in subacute traumatic spinal cord injury in animal experiments in order to provide reference for future animal studies and clinical research. METHODS The PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were systematically searched (inception to January 4, 2022). Literature search, data extraction and bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. RESULTS A total of 50 articles were included for analysis. Results of both traditional meta-analysis and network meta-analysis showed that high-dose (≥1 × 106) transplantation was significantly better than low-dose (<1 × 106) transplantation and intralesional transplantation was significantly better than intravenous transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Given the limited quality of evidence from current animal studies, more high-quality head-to-head comparisons are needed in the future to delve into the optimal transplantation strategy for stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Shang
- First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingchuan Wang
- First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baolin Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Chengren Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China; Department of Spine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Pingping Wanyan
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China; The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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Simon-Tillaux N, Gerard AL, Rajendrabose D, Tubach F, Dechartres A. A methodological review with meta-epidemiological analysis of preclinical systematic reviews with meta-analyses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20066. [PMID: 36414712 PMCID: PMC9681751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been proposed as an approach to synthesize the literature and counteract the lack of power of small preclinical studies. We aimed to evaluate (1) the methodology of these reviews, (2) the methodological quality of the studies they included and (3) whether study methodological characteristics affect effect size. We searched MEDLINE to retrieve 212 systematic reviews with meta-analyses of preclinical studies published from January, 2018 to March, 2020. Less than 15% explored the grey literature. Selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed in duplicate in less than two thirds of reviews. Most of them assessed the methodological quality of included studies and reported the meta-analysis model. The risk of bias of included studies was mostly rated unclear. In meta-epidemiological analysis, none of the study methodological characteristics was associated with effect size. The methodological characteristics of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of recently published preclinical studies seem to have improved as compared with previous assessments, but the methodological quality of included studies remains poor, thus limiting the validity of their results. Our meta-epidemiological analysis did not show any evidence of a potential association between methodological characteristics of included studies and effect size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Simon-Tillaux
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Département de Santé Publique, Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), Unité de Recherche Clinique PSL-CFX, CIC-1901, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Gerard
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Département de Santé Publique, Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), Unité de Recherche Clinique PSL-CFX, CIC-1901, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Deivanes Rajendrabose
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Département de Santé Publique, Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), Unité de Recherche Clinique PSL-CFX, CIC-1901, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Florence Tubach
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Département de Santé Publique, Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), Unité de Recherche Clinique PSL-CFX, CIC-1901, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Agnès Dechartres
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Département de Santé Publique, Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), Unité de Recherche Clinique PSL-CFX, CIC-1901, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
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Zhang XY, Barakat A, Diaz-delCastillo M, Vollert J, Sena ES, Heegaard AM, Rice AS, Soliman N. Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in which burrowing behaviour was assessed in rodent models of disease-associated persistent pain. Pain 2022; 163:2076-2102. [PMID: 35353780 PMCID: PMC9578533 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Burrowing behaviour is used to assess pain-associated behaviour in laboratory rodents. To gain insight into how models of disease-associated persistent pain and analgesics affect burrowing behaviour, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that assessed burrowing behaviour. A systematic search in March 2020 and update in September 2020 was conducted in 4 databases. Study design characteristics and experimental data were extracted, followed by a random-effects meta-analysis. We explored the association between burrowing and monofilament-induced limb withdrawal. Dose response relationship was investigated for some analgesics. Forty-five studies were included in the meta-analysis, in which 16 model types and 14 drug classes were used. Most experiments used rat (79%) and male (72%) animals. Somatic inflammation and trauma-induced neuropathy models were associated with reduced burrowing behaviour. Analgesics (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and gabapentinoids) attenuated burrowing deficits in these models. Reporting of measures to reduce risk of bias was unclear except for randomisation which was high. There was not a correlation ( R2 = 0.1421) between burrowing and monofilament-induced limb withdrawal. Opioids, gabapentin, and naproxen showed reduced burrowing behaviour at high doses, whereas ibuprofen and celecoxib showed opposite trend. The findings indicate that burrowing could be used to assess pain-associated behaviour. We support the use of a portfolio of composite measures including spontaneous and stimulus-evoked tests. The information collected here could help in designing experiments involving burrowing assessment in models of disease-associated pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ying Zhang
- Pain Research, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Barakat
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marta Diaz-delCastillo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Vollert
- Pain Research, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Neurological Pain Research and Therapy, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Germany
- Neurophysiology, Mannheim Centre of Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Emily S. Sena
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie Heegaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew S.C. Rice
- Pain Research, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Soliman
- Pain Research, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Yang Y, Hu X, Qin Q, Kong F, Peng X, Zhao J, Si J, Yang Z, Xie S. Optimal therapeutic conditions for the neural stem cell-based management of ischemic stroke: a systematic review and network meta-analysis based on animal studies. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:345. [PMID: 36096751 PMCID: PMC9469626 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02875-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to promote the clinical translation of preclinical findings, it is imperative to identify the most optimal therapeutic conditions and adopt them for further animal and human studies. This study aimed to fully explore the optimal conditions for neural stem cell (NSC)-based ischemic stroke treatment based on animal studies. METHODS The PubMed, Ovid-Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched in December 2021. The screening of search results, extraction of relevant data, and evaluation of study quality were performed independently by two reviewers. RESULTS In total, 52 studies were included for data analysis. Traditional meta-analysis showed that NSCs significantly reduced the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and volume of cerebral infarct in animal models of ischemic stroke. Network meta-analysis showed that allogeneic embryonic tissue was the best source of NSCs. Further, intracerebral transplantation was the most optimal route of NSC transplantation, and the acute phase was the most suitable stage for intervention. The optimal number of NSCs for transplantation was 1-5×105 in mouse models and 1×106 or 1.8×106 in rat models. CONCLUSIONS We systematically explored the therapeutic strategy of NSCs in ischemic stroke, but additional research is required to develop optimal therapeutic strategies based on NSCs. Moreover, it is necessary to further improve and standardize the design, implementation, measuring standards, and reporting of animal-based studies to promote the development of better animal experiments and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongna Yang
- The first people' s hospital of lanzhou city, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xurui Hu
- The first people' s hospital of lanzhou city, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qijie Qin
- The first people' s hospital of lanzhou city, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Fanling Kong
- The first people' s hospital of lanzhou city, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaolan Peng
- The first people' s hospital of lanzhou city, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- The first people' s hospital of lanzhou city, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianghua Si
- The first people' s hospital of lanzhou city, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhilong Yang
- The first people' s hospital of lanzhou city, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shoupin Xie
- The first people' s hospital of lanzhou city, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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13
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Darwish T, Al-Khulaifi A, Ali M, Mowafy R, Arredouani A, Doi SA, Emara MM. Assessing the consistency of iPSC and animal models in cystic fibrosis modelling: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272091. [PMID: 35944004 PMCID: PMC9362911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary autosomal recessive disorder caused by a range of mutations in the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. This gene encodes the CFTR protein, which acts as a chloride channel activated by cyclic AMP (cAMP). This meta-analysis aimed to compare the responsiveness of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to cAMP analogues to that of commonly used animal models. METHODS Databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, and Medline from inception to January 2020. A total of 8 and 3 studies, respectively, for animal models and iPSCs, were analyzed. Studies were extracted for investigating cAMP-stimulated anion transport by measuring the short circuit current (Isc) of chloride channels in different animal models and iPSC systems We utilized an inverse variance heterogeneity model for synthesis. RESULTS Our analysis showed considerable heterogeneity in the mean Isc value in both animal models and iPSCs studies (compared to their WT counterparts), and both suffer from variable responsiveness based on the nature of the underlying model. There was no clear advantage of one over the other. CONCLUSIONS Studies on both animal and iPSCs models generated considerable heterogeneity. Given the potential of iPSC-derived models to study different diseases, we recommend paying more attention to developing reproducible models of iPSC as it has potential if adequately developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toqa Darwish
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Azhar Al-Khulaifi
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Menatalla Ali
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rana Mowafy
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- Diabetes Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Suhail A. Doi
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed M. Emara
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Questionable Research Practices, Low Statistical Power, and Other Obstacles to Replicability: Why Preclinical Neuroscience Research Would Benefit from Registered Reports. eNeuro 2022; 9:9/4/ENEURO.0017-22.2022. [PMID: 35922130 PMCID: PMC9351632 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0017-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Replicability, the degree to which a previous scientific finding can be repeated in a distinct set of data, has been considered an integral component of institutionalized scientific practice since its inception several hundred years ago. In the past decade, large-scale replication studies have demonstrated that replicability is far from favorable, across multiple scientific fields. Here, I evaluate this literature and describe contributing factors including the prevalence of questionable research practices (QRPs), misunderstanding of p-values, and low statistical power. I subsequently discuss how these issues manifest specifically in preclinical neuroscience research. I conclude that these problems are multifaceted and difficult to solve, relying on the actions of early and late career researchers, funding sources, academic publishers, and others. I assert that any viable solution to the problem of substandard replicability must include changing academic incentives, with adoption of registered reports being the most immediately impactful and pragmatic strategy. For animal research in particular, comprehensive reporting guidelines that document potential sources of sensitivity for experimental outcomes is an essential addition.
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15
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Zhao B, Hu K, Zeng X, Kwong JSW, Li B, Chen H, Tian G, Xiong J, Li Z, Niu J, Jiao M, Yang J, Ding F, Liu C, Du L, Zhang J, Ma B. Development of a reporting guideline for systematic reviews of animal experiments in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. J Evid Based Med 2022; 15:152-167. [PMID: 35775104 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, there are several systematic reviews published on animal experiments of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis) guidelines provide a guarantee for significantly improving the reporting quality of systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analysis (MAs) to a certain extent; however, there are still certain defects found in the quality of SRs/MAs of animal experiments of TCM. It has been found that especially, the descriptions of the rationale and animal characteristics of TCM interventions are inadequate. As a result, we have developed a novel reporting guideline for SRs/MAs of animal experimental in the field of TCM (PRISMA-ATCM) to overcome these problems. METHODS PRISMA-ATCM reporting guidelines were formed by analyzing both the status and quality of published SRs/MAs of animal experiments and consulting experts in the related fields, and then by Delphi consultation, consensus meeting and revision. RESULTS Among the 27 items on the PRISMA checklist, Title (1), Structured summary (2), Rationale (3), Objectives (4), Protocol and registration (5), Eligibility criteria (6), Data items (11), Planned methods of analysis (14), Study characteristics (18), Summary of evidence (24), Limitations (25), and Funding (27) have been extensively revised and expanded, to specifically include the details about TCM intervention and animal characteristics. In addition, illustrative examples and explanations have been provided for each item. CONCLUSION PRISMA-ATCM could markedly improve the quality SRs/MAs of animal experiments in the field of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhao
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kaiyan Hu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiantao Zeng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - J S W Kwong
- Global Health Nursing, St. Luke's International University, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bo Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine Center, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Acupuncture and Chinese Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoxiang Tian
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Editorial Department of Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Cardiovascular Medicine, Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xiong
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhaoxia Li
- Second Provincial People's Hospital of Gansu, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junqiang Niu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Jiao
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Yang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fengxing Ding
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liang Du
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center/West China Publishers, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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16
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Ritskes-Hoitinga M, Pound P. The role of systematic reviews in identifying the limitations of preclinical animal research, 2000–2022: part 2. J R Soc Med 2022; 115:231-235. [DOI: 10.1177/01410768221100970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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17
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Shang Z, Li D, Chen J, Wang R, Wang M, Zhang B, Wang X, Wanyan P. What Is the Optimal Timing of Transplantation of Neural Stem Cells in Spinal Cord Injury? A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis Based on Animal Studies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:855309. [PMID: 35371014 PMCID: PMC8965614 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.855309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The optimal transplantation timing of neural stem cells in spinal cord injury is fully explored in animal studies to reduce the risk of transformation to clinical practice and to provide valuable reference for future animal studies and clinical research. Method Seven electronic databases, namely, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (CSJD-VIP), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), were searched. The studies were retrieved from inception to November 2021. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the methodological quality based on the inclusion criteria. Results and Discussion Thirty-nine studies were incorporated into the final analyses. Based on the subgroup of animal models and transplantation dose, the results of network meta-analysis showed that the effect of transplantation in the subacute phase might be the best. However, the results of traditional meta-analysis were inconsistent. In the moderate-dose group of moderate spinal cord injury model and the low-dose group of severe spinal cord injury model, transplantation in the subacute phase did not significantly improve motor function. Given the lack of evidence for direct comparison between different transplantation phases, the indirectness of our network meta-analysis, and the low quality of evidence in current animal studies, our confidence in recommending cell transplantation in the subacute phase is limited. In the future, more high-quality, direct comparative studies are needed to explore this issue in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Shang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinlei Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - RuiRui Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingchuan Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baolin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Chengren Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Spine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingping Wanyan
- Basic Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Biomedical Mg Alloy and Surface Coatings in Orthopedic Application. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:4529520. [PMID: 35399618 PMCID: PMC8991394 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4529520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium alloys have great application prospects as ideal bone implant materials. However, their poor corrosion resistance limits their clinical orthopedic application. Surface modification promotes the corrosion resistance of magnesium. Conversion coatings, such as calcium phosphate (Ca-P) coating, microarc oxidation (MAO) treatment, and fluoride (FLU) treatment, have been extensively investigated in in vivo studies. This systematic review and network meta-analysis compared the influence of different conversion coatings on bone repair, material properties, and systemic host response in orthopedic applications. Using the PICOS model, the inclusion criteria for biodegradable magnesium and its alloys were determined for in vivo studies. Four databases were used. The standard and weight mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were used to analyze new bone formation and degradation rate. Network structure and forest plots were created, and ranking probabilities were estimated. The risk of bias and quality of evidence were assessed using SYRCLE, CERQual, and GRADE tools. In the qualitative analysis, 43 studies were selected, and the evaluation of each outcome indicator was not entirely consistent from article to article. In the quantitative analysis, 21 articles were subjected to network meta-analysis, with 16 articles on implant degradation and 8 articles for new bone formation. Additionally, SUCRA indicated that Ca-P coating exhibited the highest corrosion resistance, followed by FLU treatment. MAO demonstrated the best capability for new bone formation, followed by Ca-P coating. Ca-P coating exhibited the highest overall performance. To conclude, coated Mg can promote better new bone formation than bare Mg and has considerable biocompatibility. Ca-P-coated Mg and MAO-coated Mg have the greatest potential to significantly promote corrosion resistance and bone regeneration, respectively. The findings of this study will provide a theoretical basis for the investigation of composite coatings and guidance for the orthopedic application of Mg bone implants.
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Shang Z, Wang R, Li D, Chen J, Zhang B, Wang M, Wang X, Wanyan P. Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Therapeutic Strategies Based on 15 Types of Stem Cells in Animal Models. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:819861. [PMID: 35359872 PMCID: PMC8964098 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.819861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The optimal therapeutic strategies of stem cells for spinal cord injury (SCI) are fully explored in animal studies to promote the translation of preclinical findings to clinical practice, also to provide guidance for future animal experiments and clinical studies. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, Wangfang, VIP, and CBM were searched from inception to September 2021. Screening of search results, data extraction, and references quality evaluation were undertaken independently by two reviewers. Results and Discussion: A total of 188 studies were included for data analysis. Results of traditional meta-analysis showed that all 15 diverse types of stem cells could significantly improve locomotor function of animals with SCI, and results of further network meta-analysis showed that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells had the greatest therapeutic potential for SCI. Moreover, a higher dose (≥1 × 106) of stem cell transplantation had better therapeutic effect, transplantation in the subacute phase (3–14 days, excluding 3 days) was the optimal timing, and intralesional transplantation was the optimal route. However, the evidence of current animal studies is of limited quality, and more high-quality research is needed to further explore the optimal therapeutic strategies of stem cells, while the design and implementation of experiments, as well as measurement and reporting of results for animal studies, need to be further improved and standardized to reduce the risk when the results of animal studies are translated to the clinic. Systematic Review Registration: [website], identifier [registration number].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Shang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinlei Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baolin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingchuan Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Chengren Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Spine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Wang, ; Pingping Wanyan,
| | - Pingping Wanyan
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Wang, ; Pingping Wanyan,
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Russell AAM, Sutherland BA, Landowski LM, Macleod M, Howells DW. What has preclinical systematic review ever done for us? BMJ OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 6:e100219. [PMID: 35360370 PMCID: PMC8921935 DOI: 10.1136/bmjos-2021-100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Systematic review and meta-analysis are a gift to the modern researcher, delivering a crystallised understanding of the existing research data in any given space. This can include whether candidate drugs are likely to work or not and which are better than others, whether our models of disease have predictive value and how this might be improved and also how these all interact with disease pathophysiology.Grappling with the literature needed for such analyses is becoming increasingly difficult as the number of publications grows. However, narrowing the focus of a review to reduce workload runs the risk of diminishing the generalisability of conclusions drawn from such increasingly specific analyses.Moreover, at the same time as we gain greater insight into our topic, we also discover more about the flaws that undermine much scientific research. Systematic review and meta-analysis have also shown that the quality of much preclinical research is inadequate. Systematic review has helped reveal the extent of selection bias, performance bias, detection bias, attrition bias and low statistical power, raising questions about the validity of many preclinical research studies. This is perhaps the greatest virtue of systematic review and meta-analysis, the knowledge generated ultimately helps shed light on the limitations of existing research practice, and in doing so, helps bring reform and rigour to research across the sciences.In this commentary, we explore the lessons that we have identified through the lens of preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ash Allanna Mark Russell
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Brad A Sutherland
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Lila M Landowski
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Malcolm Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David W Howells
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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21
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Zhang C, Deng R, Zhang G, He X, Chen H, Chen B, Wan L, Kang X. Therapeutic Effect of Exosomes Derived From Stem Cells in Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review Based on Animal Studies. Front Neurol 2022; 13:847444. [PMID: 35356459 PMCID: PMC8959939 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.847444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveA systematic review of the role of stem cell-derived exosomes in repairing spinal cord injury (SCI) and the existing problems in animal experiments to provide a reference for better animal experiments and clinical studies in the future.MethodThree electronic databases, namely PubMed, Web of Science, and Ovid-Embase were searched. The studies were retrieved from inception to October 2021. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the methodological quality based on the inclusion criteria.Results and DiscussionThirty-two studies were incorporated into the final analyses. Exosomes derived from stem cells could not only significantly improve the motor function of animals with SCI, but also significantly increase the expression of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10 and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, while significantly lowering the pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β and TNF-α and the expression of the apoptotic protein BAX. However, the mechanism of exosome-mediated SCI repair, as well as the best source and dosage remain unknown. In addition, there are still some issues with the design, implementation, and reporting of animal experiments in the included studies. Therefore, future research should further standardize the implementation and reporting of animal studies and fully explore the best strategies for exosomes to repair SCI so as to promote the translation of preclinical research results to clinical research better and faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cangyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Osteoarthritis of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Deng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Osteoarthritis of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuegang He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Osteoarthritis of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haiwei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Osteoarthritis of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Osteoarthritis of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lin Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Osteoarthritis of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Osteoarthritis of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuewen Kang
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Yang J, Kang Y, Zhao W, Jiang J, Jiang Y, Zhao B, Jiao M, Yuan B, Zhao J, Ma B. Evaluation of patches for rotator cuff repair: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on animal studies. Bioact Mater 2021; 10:474-491. [PMID: 34901561 PMCID: PMC8633530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the published animal studies, we systematically evaluated the outcomes of various materials for rotator cuff repair in animal models and the potentials of their clinical translation. 74 animal studies were finally included, of which naturally derived biomaterials were applied the most widely (50.0%), rats were the most commonly used animal model (47.0%), and autologous tissue demonstrated the best outcomes in all animal models. The biomechanical properties of naturally derived biomaterials (maximum failure load: WMD 18.68 [95%CI 7.71–29.66]; P = 0.001, and stiffness: WMD 1.30 [95%CI 0.01–2.60]; P = 0.048) was statistically significant in the rabbit model. The rabbit model showed better outcomes even though the injury was severer compared with the rat model. The first systematic review & meta-analysis on rotator cuff patch materials. The quality of evidence for repair of rotator cuff injury with patch materials is very low. Evidence-based research is an effective way to study patch materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Yang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Yuhao Kang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wanlu Zhao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jia Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yanbiao Jiang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mingyue Jiao
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jinzhong Zhao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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23
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Shang Z, Li D, Chen J, Wang M, Zhang B, Wang X, Ma B. The Role of Biodegradable Magnesium and Its Alloys in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on Animal Studies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:789498. [PMID: 34869297 PMCID: PMC8636800 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.789498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The actual efficacy of magnesium and its alloy in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) was systematically evaluated to reduce the risk of translation from animal experiments to the clinic. Methods: Databases of PubMed, Ovid-Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and CBM were searched for literature in July 2021. Screening of search results, data extraction, and literature quality evaluation were undertaken independently by two reviewers. Results and discussion: Seven articles were selected for the meta-analysis. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the femoral-tendon graft–tibia complex fixed with magnesium and its alloys were comparable to those fixed with titanium and its alloys, and magnesium and its alloys were superior to titanium and its alloys in promoting new bone formation. In addition, the unique biodegradability made magnesium and its alloys an orthopedic implant with significant therapeutic potential. However, whether the degradation rate of magnesium and its alloy can match the rate of bone-tendon integration, and whether the bioconjugation of bone-tendon after degradation can meet the exercise load still needs to be explored in further detail. Simultaneously, it is necessary for future research to improve and standardize experimental design, result measurement, etc., so as to minimize the risk of transforming animal experimental results into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Shang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinlei Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingchuan Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baolin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Spine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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24
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Zhang J, Jiang Y, Shang Z, Zhao B, Jiao M, Liu W, Cheng M, Zhai B, Guo Y, Liu B, Shi X, Ma B. Biodegradable metals for bone defect repair: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on animal studies. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4027-4052. [PMID: 33997491 PMCID: PMC8089787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable metals are promising candidates for bone defect repair. With an evidence-based approach, this study investigated and analyzed the performance and degradation properties of biodegradable metals in animal models for bone defect repair to explore their potential clinical translation. Animal studies on bone defect repair with biodegradable metals in comparison with other traditional biomaterials were reviewed. Data was carefully collected after identification of population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and study design (PICOS), and following the inclusion criteria of biodegradable metals in animal studies. 30 publications on pure Mg, Mg alloys, pure Zn and Zn alloys were finally included after extraction from a collected database of 2543 publications. A qualitative systematic review and a quantitative meta-analysis were performed. Given the heterogeneity in animal model, anatomical site and critical size defect (CSD), biodegradable metals exhibited mixed effects on bone defect repair and degradation in animal studies in comparison with traditional non-degradable metals, biodegradable polymers, bioceramics, and autogenous bone grafts. The results indicated that there were limitations in the experimental design of the included studies, and quality of the evidence presented by the studies was very low. To enhance clinical translation of biodegradable metals, evidence-based research with data validity is needed. Future studies should adopt standardized experimental protocols in investigating the effects of biodegradable metals on bone defect repair with animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Zhang
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Yanbiao Jiang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Zhizhong Shang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Mingyue Jiao
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Maobo Cheng
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Bao Zhai
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Yajuan Guo
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xinli Shi
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Bin Ma
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
- Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
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25
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Shang Z, Jiang Y, Guan X, Wang A, Ma B. Therapeutic Effects of Stem Cells From Different Source on Renal Ischemia- Reperfusion Injury: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Animal Studies. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:713059. [PMID: 34539400 PMCID: PMC8444551 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.713059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Although stem cell therapy for renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) has made immense progress in animal studies, conflicting results have been reported by the investigators. Therefore, we aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of different stem cells on renal function of animals with ischemia-reperfusion injury and to compare the efficacies of stem cells from various sources. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, CNKI, VIP, CBM, and WanFang Data were searched for records until April 2021. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, data extraction, and literature quality evaluation. Results and conclusion: Seventy-two animal studies were included for data analysis. Different stem cells significantly reduced serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels in the early and middle stages (1 and 7 days) compared to the negative control group, however there was no significant difference in the late stage among all groups (14 days); In the early stage (1 day), the renal histopathological score in the stem cell group was significantly lower than that in the negative control group, and there was no significant difference among these stem cells. In addition, there was no significant difference between stem cell and negative control in proliferation of resident cells, however, significantly less apoptosis of resident cells than negative control. In conclusion, the results showed that stem cells from diverse sources could improve the renal function of RIRI animals. ADMSCs and MDMSCs were the most-researched stem cells, and they possibly hold the highest therapeutic potential. However, the quality of evidence included in this study is low, and there are many risks of bias. The exact efficacy of the stem cells and the requirement for further clinical studies remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Shang
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanbiao Jiang
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Guan
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Anan Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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26
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Abbas TO, Elawad A, Pullattayil S. AK, Pennisi CP. Quality of Reporting in Preclinical Urethral Tissue Engineering Studies: A Systematic Review to Assess Adherence to the ARRIVE Guidelines. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2456. [PMID: 34438913 PMCID: PMC8388767 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical research within the area of urethral tissue engineering has not yet been successfully translated into an efficient therapeutic option for patients. This gap could be attributed, in part, to inadequate design and reporting of the studies employing laboratory animals. In this study, a systematic review was conducted to investigate the quality of reporting in preclinical studies utilizing tissue engineering approaches for urethral repair. The scope was on studies performed in rabbits, published between January 2014 and March 2020. Quality assessment of the data was conducted according to the Animal Research: Reporting of in Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines by the scoring of a 38-item checklist in different categories. A total of 28 articles that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included in the study. The range of ARRIVE score was from 0 to 100, taking into consideration having reported the item in question or not. The mean checklist score was 53%. The items that attained the highest scores included the number of animals utilized, the size of control and experimental groups, and the definition of experimental outcomes. The least frequently reported items included the data regarding the experimental procedure, housing and husbandry, determination and justification of the number of animals, and reporting of adverse events. Surprisingly, full disclosure about ethical guidelines and animal protocol approval was missing in 54% of the studies. No paper stated the sample size estimation. Overall, our study found that a large number of studies display inadequate reporting of fundamental information and that the quality of reporting improved marginally over the study period. We encourage a comprehensive implementation of the ARRIVE guidelines in animal studies exploring tissue engineering for urethral repair, not only to facilitate effective translation of preclinical research findings into clinical therapies, but also to ensure compliance with ethical principles and to minimize unnecessary animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq O. Abbas
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Pediatric Urology Section, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar;
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Abubakr Elawad
- Pediatric Urology Section, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar;
| | | | - Cristian Pablo Pennisi
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark;
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27
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Langendam MW, Magnuson K, Williams AR, Walker VR, Howdeshell KL, Rooney AA, Hooijmans CR. Developing a database of systematic reviews of animal studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 123:104940. [PMID: 33964349 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Systematic reviews (SRs) are common practice in clinical and public health research, but less common in non-human animal research. Systematic reviews of animal studies can be valuable to inform clinical research, to evaluate the need for further animal experiments on a given topic, and to assess the hazard of an environmental exposure in the evaluation of toxicological studies. In the last 10 years, there has been an increase in the number of SRs of animal research, as well as several publications with detailed guidance on how to perform high-quality systematic reviews of experimental animal studies. In order to evaluate current analytical approaches used in SRs of animal studies, easily identify all systematic reviews on a specific topic, and subsequently the original animal studies and their results and promote awareness and understanding of these emerging approaches, we compiled a database of SRs of animal studies. The database was developed using a rigorous, systematic approach and covers a broad range of research fields: preclinical research, toxicology, environmental health, and veterinary medicine. The database currently includes 3113 SRs of animal studies (search date June 2019). In addition to bibliographical information, data on whether or not a risk of bias assessment and meta-analysis were conducted were extracted. For future users, the search features of the database provide users with a platform to identify and select SRs with a particular characteristic for export to Microsoft Word or Microsoft Excel. From there, users may perform additional data extraction to meet their research needs. The database is freely available at www.Mendeley.com (link). The database provides methodologists a comprehensive source that can be used to explore and advance the current methodology applied to SRs of animal studies, and can help researchers to easily identify all systematic reviews on a specific topic, and subsequently the original animal studies and their results and avoid duplication and unnecessary animal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda W Langendam
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Vickie R Walker
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kembra L Howdeshell
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Andrew A Rooney
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Carlijn R Hooijmans
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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28
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Hunniford VT, Montroy J, Fergusson DA, Avey MT, Wever KE, McCann SK, Foster M, Fox G, Lafreniere M, Ghaly M, Mannell S, Godwinska K, Gentles A, Selim S, MacNeil J, Sikora L, Sena ES, Page MJ, Macleod M, Moher D, Lalu MM. Epidemiology and reporting characteristics of preclinical systematic reviews. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001177. [PMID: 33951050 PMCID: PMC8128274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In an effort to better utilize published evidence obtained from animal experiments, systematic reviews of preclinical studies are increasingly more common-along with the methods and tools to appraise them (e.g., SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation [SYRCLE's] risk of bias tool). We performed a cross-sectional study of a sample of recent preclinical systematic reviews (2015-2018) and examined a range of epidemiological characteristics and used a 46-item checklist to assess reporting details. We identified 442 reviews published across 43 countries in 23 different disease domains that used 26 animal species. Reporting of key details to ensure transparency and reproducibility was inconsistent across reviews and within article sections. Items were most completely reported in the title, introduction, and results sections of the reviews, while least reported in the methods and discussion sections. Less than half of reviews reported that a risk of bias assessment for internal and external validity was undertaken, and none reported methods for evaluating construct validity. Our results demonstrate that a considerable number of preclinical systematic reviews investigating diverse topics have been conducted; however, their quality of reporting is inconsistent. Our study provides the justification and evidence to inform the development of guidelines for conducting and reporting preclinical systematic reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria T. Hunniford
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua Montroy
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dean A. Fergusson
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kimberley E. Wever
- SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah K. McCann
- QUEST Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Madison Foster
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grace Fox
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mackenzie Lafreniere
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mira Ghaly
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sydney Mannell
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karolina Godwinska
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Avonae Gentles
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shehab Selim
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenna MacNeil
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsey Sikora
- Health Sciences Library, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Emily S. Sena
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Page
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Malcolm Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Moher
- Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Manoj M. Lalu
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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29
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A Systematic Review of Recommendations of Long-Term Strategies for Researchers Using Data Science Techniques. COMPUTERS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/computers10030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the strategies that researchers follow to publish or produce scientific content can have a long-term impact. Identifying which strategies are most influential in the future has been attracting increasing attention in the literature. In this study, we present a systematic review of recommendations of long-term strategies in research analytics and their implementation methodologies. The objective is to present an overview from 2002 to 2018 on the development of this topic, including trends, and addressed contexts. The central objective is to identify data-oriented approaches to learn long-term research strategies, especially in process mining. We followed a protocol for systematic reviews for the engineering area in a structured and respectful manner. The results show the need for studies that generate more specific recommendations based on data mining. This outcome leaves open research opportunities from two particular perspectives—applying methodologies involving process mining for the context of research analytics and the feasibility study on long-term strategies using data science techniques.
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30
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Walsh V, McGuire W. Validity and Utility of Experimental Animal Models in Perinatal Research. Neonatology 2021; 118:15-17. [PMID: 33503625 DOI: 10.1159/000512989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Walsh
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - William McGuire
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, United Kingdom,
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31
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Abbas TO, Elawad A, Kareem A, Pullattayil S AK, Ali M, Alnaimi A. Preclinical Experiments for Hypospadias Surgery: Systematic Review and Quality Assessment. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:718647. [PMID: 34458213 PMCID: PMC8386350 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.718647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a steadily growing number of different reconstructive surgical procedures for hypospadias that were tested on animal models prior to their human application. However, the clinical translatability and reproducibility of the results encountered in preclinical urethral reconstruction experiments is considered poor, with significant factors contributing to the poor design and reporting of animal experiments. Our objective was to evaluate the quality of the design and reporting in published articles of urethral reconstructive preclinical studies. Methods: Both PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for animal urethral repair experiments between January 2014 and September 2019. Internal quality (bias) was evaluated through several signaling questions arising from the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), while the quality of reporting was assessed by the Animal Research: Reporting of In vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines by scoring of a 20-item checklist. Results: A total of 638 articles were initially screened after the literature search. Employing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 studies were chosen for full-text screening and 21 studies were considered eligible for the quality assessment. The mean score of the checklist was 66%. The elements that accomplished the highest grades included the number of animals utilized, the number in each investigational and control group, and the delineation of investigational conclusions. The items that were least commonly stated comprised information about the experimental method, housing and husbandry, rationalization of the number of animals, and reporting of adverse events. No paper stated the sample size estimation. Conclusion: We found that several critical experiment design principles were poorly reported, which hinders a rigorous appraisal of the scientific quality and reproducibility of the experiments. A comprehensive implementation of the ARRIVE guidelines in animal studies exploring urethral repair is necessary to facilitate the effective translation of preclinical research findings into clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq O Abbas
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Pediatric Urology Section, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Aamir Kareem
- Pediatric Urology Section, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Mansour Ali
- Pediatric Urology Section, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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32
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Zhang J, Shang Z, Jiang Y, Zhang K, Li X, Ma M, Li Y, Ma B. Biodegradable metals for bone fracture repair in animal models: a systematic review. Regen Biomater 2020; 8:rbaa047. [PMID: 33732493 PMCID: PMC7947587 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable metals hold promises for bone fracture repair. Their clinical translation requires pre-clinical evaluations including animal studies, which demonstrate the safety and performance of such materials prior to clinical trials. This evidence-based study investigates and analyzes the performance of bone fractures repair as well as degradation properties of biodegradable metals in animal models. Data were carefully collected after identification of population, interventions, comparisons, outcomes and study design, as well as inclusion criteria combining biodegradable metals and animal study. Twelve publications on pure Mg, Mg alloys and Zn alloys were finally included and reviewed after extraction from a collected database of 2122 publications. Compared to controls of traditional non-degradable metals or resorbable polymers, biodegradable metals showed mixed or contradictory outcomes of fracture repair and degradation in animal models. Although quantitative meta-analysis cannot be conducted because of the data heterogeneity, this systematic review revealed that the quality of evidence for biodegradable metals to repair bone fractures in animal models is 'very low'. Recommendations to standardize the animal studies of biodegradable metals were proposed. Evidence-based biomaterials research could help to both identify reliable scientific evidence and ensure future clinical translation of biodegradable metals for bone fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Process, GRINM Group Corporation Limited (GRINM), No. 2, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing 100088, P.R. China.,GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd, No. 11, Xingke East St., Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou District, Beijing 101407, P.R. China.,General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, No. 2, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Zhizhong Shang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Lanzhou University, No 199, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yanbiao Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Lanzhou University, No 199, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Process, GRINM Group Corporation Limited (GRINM), No. 2, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing 100088, P.R. China.,GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd, No. 11, Xingke East St., Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou District, Beijing 101407, P.R. China.,General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, No. 2, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Xinggang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Process, GRINM Group Corporation Limited (GRINM), No. 2, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing 100088, P.R. China.,GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd, No. 11, Xingke East St., Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou District, Beijing 101407, P.R. China.,General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, No. 2, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Minglong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Process, GRINM Group Corporation Limited (GRINM), No. 2, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing 100088, P.R. China.,GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd, No. 11, Xingke East St., Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou District, Beijing 101407, P.R. China.,General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, No. 2, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Yongjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Process, GRINM Group Corporation Limited (GRINM), No. 2, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing 100088, P.R. China.,GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd, No. 11, Xingke East St., Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou District, Beijing 101407, P.R. China.,General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, No. 2, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Lanzhou University, No 199, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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van der Naald M, Wenker S, Doevendans PA, Wever KE, Chamuleau SAJ. Publication rate in preclinical research: a plea for preregistration. BMJ OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 4:e100051. [PMID: 35047690 PMCID: PMC8647586 DOI: 10.1136/bmjos-2019-100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The ultimate goal of biomedical research is the development of new treatment options for patients. Animal models are used if questions cannot be addressed otherwise. Currently, it is widely believed that a large fraction of performed studies are never published, but there are no data that directly address this question. METHODS We have tracked a selection of animal study protocols approved in the University Medical Center Utrecht in the Netherlands, to assess whether these have led to a publication with a follow-up period of 7 years. RESULTS We found that 60% of all animal study protocols led to at least one publication (full text or abstract). A total of 5590 animals were used in these studies, of which 26% was reported in the resulting publications. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here underline the need for preclinical preregistration, in view of the risk of reporting and publication bias in preclinical research. We plea that all animal study protocols should be prospectively registered on an online, accessible platform to increase transparency and data sharing. To facilitate this, we have developed a platform dedicated to animal study protocol registration: www.preclinicaltrials.eu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira van der Naald
- Cardiology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Wenker
- Cardiology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Cardiology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberley E Wever
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation, Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Heath Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Steven A J Chamuleau
- Cardiology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Monteiro JLGC, Guastaldi FPS, Troulis MJ, McCain JP, Vasconcelos BCDE. Induction, Treatment, and Prevention of Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis-A Systematic Review of Comparative Animal Studies. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 79:109-132.e6. [PMID: 32800758 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several animal models of temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) have been described for more than the past 2 decades. The aim of this study was 2-fold: 1) to compile and summarize the evidence of animal studies that compare different forms to induce, treat (disease already established), or prevent (after trauma) TMJA; and 2) to address the following focused question: what is the quality of reporting in these studies? MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review was conducted. Animal studies conducted up to October 2019 comparing at least 2 procedures to induce, treat (disease already established), or prevent (after trauma) TMJA were considered. Compliance with the Animal Research Reporting In Vivo Experiments guidelines was checked for all studies. Studies evaluating treatment of TMJA or preventive measures also were evaluated using the SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation's risk of bias tool for animal studies. RESULTS A total of 24 studies were included. The studies were evaluated for feasibility regarding data synthesis, and a meta-analysis was not suitable because of methodological differences, mainly regarding the animal model chosen and surgical procedures performed to induce TMJA. In 17 articles, authors aimed to investigate different procedures to induce TMJA (fibrous, fibro-osseous, or bony). In 7 articles, different treatment or preventive strategies were compared. The sheep was the most used animal in models of TMJA. Only 25% (6 of 24) of studies reported some step to minimize bias (ie, blinding of investigators, randomization procedures, or allocation concealment). Approximately 54% (13 of 24) of articles clearly commented on study limitations and potential sources of bias. Further animal studies on TMJA should consider improving their reporting standards to increase their validity and improve the reproducibility of animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Luiz Gomes Carneiro Monteiro
- PhD Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Pernambuco, Brazil, and Research Fellow, Skeletal Biology Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Fernando P S Guastaldi
- Instructor, Skeletal Biology Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA.
| | - Maria J Troulis
- Walter C. Guralnick Distinguished Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph P McCain
- Director of Endoscopic Maxillofacial Surgery Fellowship, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
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Liao G, Zheng K, Shorr R, Allan DS. Human endothelial colony-forming cells in regenerative therapy: A systematic review of controlled preclinical animal studies. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1344-1352. [PMID: 32681814 PMCID: PMC7581447 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial colony‐forming cells (ECFCs) hold significant promise as candidates for regenerative therapy of vascular injury. Existing studies remain largely preclinical and exhibit marked design heterogeneity. A systematic review of controlled preclinical trials of human ECFCs is needed to guide future study design and to accelerate clinical translation. A systematic search of Medline and EMBASE on 1 April 2019 returned 3131 unique entries of which 66 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Most studies used ECFCs derived from umbilical cord or adult peripheral blood. Studies used genetically modified immunodeficient mice (n = 52) and/or rats (n = 16). ECFC phenotypes were inconsistently characterized. While >90% of studies used CD31+ and CD45−, CD14− was demonstrated in 73% of studies, CD146+ in 42%, and CD10+ in 35%. Most disease models invoked ischemia. Peripheral vascular ischemia (n = 29), central nervous system ischemia (n = 14), connective tissue injury (n = 10), and cardiovascular ischemia and reperfusion injury (n = 7) were studied most commonly. Studies showed predominantly positive results; only 13 studies reported ≥1 outcome with null results, three reported only null results, and one reported harm. Quality assessment with SYRCLE revealed potential sources of bias in most studies. Preclinical ECFC studies are associated with benefit across several ischemic conditions in animal models, although combining results is limited by marked heterogeneity in study design. In particular, characterization of ECFCs varied and aspects of reporting introduced risk of bias in most studies. More studies with greater focus on standardized cell characterization and consistency of the disease model are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Liao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Regenerative Medicine Programs, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katina Zheng
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Risa Shorr
- Information Services, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David S Allan
- Clinical Epidemiology and Regenerative Medicine Programs, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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36
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Minimum Information in In Vivo Research. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 257:197-222. [PMID: 31541320 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Data quality, reproducibility and reliability are a matter of concern in many scientific fields including biomedical research. Robust, reproducible data and scientific rigour form the foundation on which future studies are built and determine the pace of knowledge gain and the time needed to develop new and innovative drugs that provide benefit to patients. Critical to the attainment of this is the precise and transparent reporting of data. In the current chapter, we will describe literature highlighting factors that constitute the minimum information that is needed to be included in the reporting of in vivo research. The main part of the chapter will focus on the minimum information that is essential for reporting in a scientific publication. In addition, we will present a table distinguishing information necessary to be recorded in a laboratory notebook or another form of internal protocols versus information that should be reported in a paper. We will use examples from the behavioural literature, in vivo studies where the use of anaesthetics and analgesics are used and finally ex vivo studies including histological evaluations and biochemical assays.
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37
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Commins S, Kirby BP. The complexities of behavioural assessment in neurodegenerative disorders: A focus on Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Lee YQ, Beckett EL, Sculley DV, Rae KM, Collins CE, Pringle KG. Relationship between maternal global nutrient restriction during pregnancy and offspring kidney structure and function: a systematic review of animal studies. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F1227-F1235. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00082.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal undernutrition during pregnancy is prevalent across the globe, and the origins of many chronic diseases can be traced back to in utero conditions. This systematic review considers the current evidence in animal models regarding the relationship between maternal global nutrient restriction during pregnancy and offspring kidney structure and function. CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Scopus were searched to November 2017. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines were followed, and articles were screened by two independent reviewers. Twenty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria: 16 studies were on rats, 9 on sheep, 2 on baboons, and 1 on goats. The majority of the rat studies had maternal global nutrient restriction during pregnancy at 50% of ad libitum while restriction for sheep and baboon studies ranged from 50% to 75%. Because of the heterogeneity of outcome measures and the large variation in the age of offspring at followup, no meta-analysis was possible. Common outcome measures included kidney weight, nephron number, glomerular size, glomerular filtration rate, and creatinine clearance. To date, there have been no studies assessing kidney function in large animal models. Most studies were rated as having a high or unknown risk of bias. The current body of evidence in animals suggests that exposure to maternal global nutrient restriction during pregnancy has detrimental effects on offspring kidney structure and function, such as lower kidney weight, lower nephron endowment, larger glomerular size, and lower glomerular filtration rate. Further long-term followup of studies in large animal models investigating kidney function through to adulthood are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qi Lee
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma L. Beckett
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dean V. Sculley
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kym M. Rae
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Gomeroi Gaaynggal Center, University of Newcastle, Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Rural Health, University of Newcastle, Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Center for Generational Health and Aging, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clare E. Collins
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kirsty G. Pringle
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Gomeroi Gaaynggal Center, University of Newcastle, Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia
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Unconventional Perfusion Flaps in the Experimental Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 143:1003e-1016e. [PMID: 31033823 PMCID: PMC6493691 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000005560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Unconventional perfusion flaps offer multiple potential advantages compared with traditional flaps. Although there are numerous experimental articles on unconventional perfusion flaps, the multiple animal species involved, the myriad vascular constructions used, and the frequently conflicting data reported make synthesis of this information challenging. The main aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on the experimental use of unconventional perfusion flaps, to identify the best experimental models proposed and to estimate their global survival rate. Methods: The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all articles written in English, French, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese on the experimental use of unconventional perfusion flaps and indexed to PubMed from 1981 until February 1, 2017. Results: A total of 68 studies were found, corresponding to 86 optimized experimental models and 1073 unconventional perfusion flaps. The overall unconventional perfusion flap survival rate was 90.8 percent (95 percent CI, 86.9 to 93.6 percent; p < 0.001). The estimated proportion of experimental unconventional perfusion flaps presenting complete survival or nearly complete survival was 74.4 percent (95 percent CI, 62.1 to 83.7 percent; p < 0.001). The most commonly reported animal species in the literature were the rabbit (57.1 percent), the rat (26.4 percent), and the dog (14.3 percent). No significant differences were found in survival rates among these species, or among the diverse vascular patterns used. Conclusion: These data do not differ significantly from those reported regarding the use of unconventional perfusion flaps in human medicine, suggesting that rabbit, rat, and canine experimental unconventional perfusion flap models may adequately mimic the clinical application of unconventional perfusion flaps.
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Alpi KM, Vo TA, Dorman DC. Language Consideration and Methodological Transparency in "Systematic" Reviews of Animal Toxicity Studies. Int J Toxicol 2019; 38:135-145. [PMID: 30791753 DOI: 10.1177/1091581819827232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the use of non-English literature (NEL) in systematic reviews (SRs) or meta-analyses (MAs) of animal-based toxicity or communicable disease (CD) studies. A secondary goal was to assess how grant funding, country of primary authorship, or study quality reporting influenced the use of NEL in these reviews. Inclusion criteria and data extraction forms were based on a pilot evaluation of a 10% random sample of reviews that were identified from a PubMed search (2006 to May 2017). This search yielded 111 animal toxicity and 69 CD reviews. Reviews (33 animal toxicity and 32 CD studies) were included when the authors identified their work as an SR or MA, described a literature search strategy, and provided defined inclusion criteria. Extracted data included PubMed indexing of publication type, author affiliations, and grant funding. Language use was mentioned in the methods in 55% of the toxicity SRs and 69% of CD SRs, of which 44% (n = 8) and 41% (n = 9) were limited to English, respectively. Neither the study type, grant funding, nor first author country of affiliation was associated with an increased consideration of NEL. Study quality reporting was more common in SRs that considered multiple languages. Despite guidelines that encourage the use of NEL in SRs and translation tools, SR/MA authors often fail to report language inclusion or focus on English publications. Librarian involvement in SR can promote awareness of relevant NEL and collaborative and technological strategies to improve their incorporation into the SR process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine M Alpi
- 1 William Rand Kenan, Jr. Library of Veterinary Medicine and the Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University Libraries and College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Tram A Vo
- 2 North Carolina State University Libraries, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - David C Dorman
- 3 Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Ingberg E, Dock H, Theodorsson E, Theodorsson A, Ström JO. Effect of laser Doppler flowmetry and occlusion time on outcome variability and mortality in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion: inconclusive results. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:24. [PMID: 29673328 PMCID: PMC5909274 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke is among the leading causes of death and disability. Although intense research efforts have provided promising treatment options in animals, most clinical trials in humans have failed and the therapeutic options are few. Several factors have been suggested to explain this translational difficulty, particularly concerning methodology and study design. Consistent infarcts and low mortality might be desirable in some, but not all, studies. Here, we aimed to investigate whether the use of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and the occlusion time (60 vs. 45 min) affected outcome variability and mortality in a rat stroke model. Eighty ovariectomized female Wistar rats were subjected to ischemic stroke using intraluminal filament middle cerebral artery occlusion with or without LDF and with occlusion times of 45 or 60 min. Outcome was evaluated by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining of brain slices to measure infarct size and a modified sticky tape test. Results Neither LDF nor occlusion times of 45 versus 60 min significantly affected mortality, outcome variability or outcome severity. Conclusions Due to the unexpectedly high mortality and variability the statistical power was very low and thus the results were inconclusive. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12868-018-0425-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvin Ingberg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. .,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Hua Dock
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elvar Theodorsson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Annette Theodorsson
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jakob O Ström
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Kratzer R, Sansas B, Lélu K, Evlachev A, Schmitt D, Silvestre N, Inchauspé G, Martin P. A meta-analysis of the antiviral activity of the HBV-specific immunotherapeutic TG1050 confirms its value over a wide range of HBsAg levels in a persistent HBV pre-clinical model. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:1417-1422. [PMID: 29388874 PMCID: PMC6037470 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1433970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical models mimicking persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) expression are seldom, do not capture all features of a human chronic infection and due to their complexity, are subject to variability. We report a meta-analysis of seven experiments performed with TG1050, an HBV-targeted immunotherapeutic,1 in an HBV-persistent mouse model based on the transduction of mice by an adeno-associated virus coding for an infectious HBV genome (AAV-HBV). To mimic the clinical diversity seen in HBV chronically infected patients, AAV-HBV transduced mice displaying variable HBsAg levels were treated with TG1050. Overall mean percentages of responder mice, displaying decrease in important clinical parameters i.e. HBV-DNA (viremia) and HBsAg levels, were 52% and 51% in TG1050 treated mice, compared with 8% and 22%, respectively, in untreated mice. No significant impact of HBsAg level at baseline on response to TG1050 treatment was found. TG1050-treated mice displayed a significant shorter Time to Response (decline in viral parameters) with an Hazard Ratio (HR) of 8.3 for viremia and 2.6 for serum HBsAg. The mean predicted decrease for TG1050-treated mice was 0.5 log for viremia and 0.8 log for HBsAg, at the end of mice follow-up, compared to no decrease for viremia and 0.3 log HBsAg decrease for untreated mice. For mice receiving TG1050, a higher decline of circulating viremia and serum HBsAg level over time was detected by interaction term meta-analysis with a significant treatment effect (p = 0.002 and p<0.001 respectively). This meta-analysis confirms the therapeutic value of TG1050, capable of exerting potent antiviral effects in an HBV-persistent model mimicking clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Kratzer
- a Transgene SA, Dept. of Infectious Diseases , Lyon , France
| | - Benoît Sansas
- b Transgene SA, Smart Data Lab , Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Karine Lélu
- a Transgene SA, Dept. of Infectious Diseases , Lyon , France
| | - Alexei Evlachev
- a Transgene SA, Dept. of Infectious Diseases , Lyon , France
| | - Doris Schmitt
- c Transgene SA, Smart Virus Lab , Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | | | | | - Perrine Martin
- a Transgene SA, Dept. of Infectious Diseases , Lyon , France
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Chamuleau SA, van der Naald M, Climent AM, Kraaijeveld AO, Wever KE, Duncker DJ, Fernández-Avilés F, Bolli R. Translational Research in Cardiovascular Repair. Circ Res 2018; 122:310-318. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven A.J. Chamuleau
- From the Department of Cardiology (S.A.J.C., M.v.d.N., A.O.K.) and Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht (S.A.J.C., M.v.d.N.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Regenerative and Reparative Medicine (CARE), Biot, France (S.A.J.C., A.M.C., F.F.-A.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, CIBERCV, Madrid,
| | - Mira van der Naald
- From the Department of Cardiology (S.A.J.C., M.v.d.N., A.O.K.) and Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht (S.A.J.C., M.v.d.N.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Regenerative and Reparative Medicine (CARE), Biot, France (S.A.J.C., A.M.C., F.F.-A.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, CIBERCV, Madrid,
| | - Andreu M. Climent
- From the Department of Cardiology (S.A.J.C., M.v.d.N., A.O.K.) and Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht (S.A.J.C., M.v.d.N.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Regenerative and Reparative Medicine (CARE), Biot, France (S.A.J.C., A.M.C., F.F.-A.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, CIBERCV, Madrid,
| | - Adriaan O. Kraaijeveld
- From the Department of Cardiology (S.A.J.C., M.v.d.N., A.O.K.) and Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht (S.A.J.C., M.v.d.N.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Regenerative and Reparative Medicine (CARE), Biot, France (S.A.J.C., A.M.C., F.F.-A.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, CIBERCV, Madrid,
| | - Kim E. Wever
- From the Department of Cardiology (S.A.J.C., M.v.d.N., A.O.K.) and Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht (S.A.J.C., M.v.d.N.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Regenerative and Reparative Medicine (CARE), Biot, France (S.A.J.C., A.M.C., F.F.-A.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, CIBERCV, Madrid,
| | - Dirk J. Duncker
- From the Department of Cardiology (S.A.J.C., M.v.d.N., A.O.K.) and Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht (S.A.J.C., M.v.d.N.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Regenerative and Reparative Medicine (CARE), Biot, France (S.A.J.C., A.M.C., F.F.-A.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, CIBERCV, Madrid,
| | - Francisco Fernández-Avilés
- From the Department of Cardiology (S.A.J.C., M.v.d.N., A.O.K.) and Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht (S.A.J.C., M.v.d.N.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Regenerative and Reparative Medicine (CARE), Biot, France (S.A.J.C., A.M.C., F.F.-A.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, CIBERCV, Madrid,
| | - Roberto Bolli
- From the Department of Cardiology (S.A.J.C., M.v.d.N., A.O.K.) and Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht (S.A.J.C., M.v.d.N.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Regenerative and Reparative Medicine (CARE), Biot, France (S.A.J.C., A.M.C., F.F.-A.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, CIBERCV, Madrid,
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Hooijmans CR, de Vries RBM, Ritskes-Hoitinga M, Rovers MM, Leeflang MM, IntHout J, Wever KE, Hooft L, de Beer H, Kuijpers T, Macleod MR, Sena ES, ter Riet G, Morgan RL, Thayer KA, Rooney AA, Guyatt GH, Schünemann HJ, Langendam MW. Facilitating healthcare decisions by assessing the certainty in the evidence from preclinical animal studies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0187271. [PMID: 29324741 PMCID: PMC5764235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory animal studies are used in a wide range of human health related research areas, such as basic biomedical research, drug research, experimental surgery and environmental health. The results of these studies can be used to inform decisions regarding clinical research in humans, for example the decision to proceed to clinical trials. If the research question relates to potential harms with no expectation of benefit (e.g., toxicology), studies in experimental animals may provide the only relevant or controlled data and directly inform clinical management decisions. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are important tools to provide robust and informative evidence summaries of these animal studies. Rating how certain we are about the evidence could provide important information about the translational probability of findings in experimental animal studies to clinical practice and probably improve it. Evidence summaries and certainty in the evidence ratings could also be used (1) to support selection of interventions with best therapeutic potential to be tested in clinical trials, (2) to justify a regulatory decision limiting human exposure (to drug or toxin), or to (3) support decisions on the utility of further animal experiments. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach is the most widely used framework to rate the certainty in the evidence and strength of health care recommendations. Here we present how the GRADE approach could be used to rate the certainty in the evidence of preclinical animal studies in the context of therapeutic interventions. We also discuss the methodological challenges that we identified, and for which further work is needed. Examples are defining the importance of consistency within and across animal species and using GRADE's indirectness domain as a tool to predict translation from animal models to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn R. Hooijmans
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob B. M. de Vries
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Merel Ritskes-Hoitinga
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maroeska M. Rovers
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska M. Leeflang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna IntHout
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberley E. Wever
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lotty Hooft
- Cochrane Netherlands, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ton Kuijpers
- Dutch College of General Practitioners, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Malcolm R. Macleod
- Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emily S. Sena
- Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gerben ter Riet
- Department of General Practice, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca L. Morgan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Kristina A. Thayer
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Andrew A. Rooney
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Gordon H. Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Holger J. Schünemann
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Miranda W. Langendam
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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45
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O'Hagan EC, Matalon S, Riesenberg LA. Systematic reviews of the literature: a better way of addressing basic science controversies. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L439-L442. [PMID: 29351438 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00544.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emma C O'Hagan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lee Ann Riesenberg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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46
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Davis JA, Kraft A. Quantitative meta-analytic approaches for the systematic synthesis of data and hazard identification: A case study of decreased pain sensitivity due to trimethylbenzene exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 158:598-609. [PMID: 28719868 PMCID: PMC11017105 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, human health risk assessments have relied on qualitative approaches for hazard identification, which involves weight of evidence determinations that integrate evidence across multiple studies. Recently, the National Research Council has recommended the development of quantitative approaches for evidence integration, including the application of meta-analyses, to help summarize and evaluate the results of a systematic review. In the meta-analytic approach, a pooled effect size is calculated after consideration of multiple potential confounding factors in order to determine whether the entire database under consideration indicates a chemical is a hazard. The following case-study applies qualitative and quantitative approaches to determine whether trimethylbenzene (TMB) isomers represent a neurotoxic hazard, specifically focusing on pain sensitivity. Following a thorough literature search, the only pain sensitivity studies available for TMBs initially seem discordant in their results: effects on pain sensitivity are seen immediately after termination of exposure, appear to resolve 24h after exposure, and then reappear 50 days later following foot-shock. Qualitative consideration of toxicological and toxicokinetic characteristics of the TMB isomers suggests that the observed differences between studies are likely due to testing time and the application of external stressors. Meta-analyses and -regressions support this conclusion: when all studies are included and possible confounders (isomer, testing time, laboratory, etc.) are accounted for, the pooled effect sizes are statistically significant, thus supporting that TMBs are a possible neurotoxic hazard to human health. Ultimately, this case study demonstrates how qualitative and quantitative methods can be combined to provide a robust hazard identification analysis by incorporating more of the available information.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Allen Davis
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, United States.
| | - Andrew Kraft
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, United States
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47
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Zwetsloot PP, Van Der Naald M, Sena ES, Howells DW, IntHout J, De Groot JA, Chamuleau SA, MacLeod MR, Wever KE. Standardized mean differences cause funnel plot distortion in publication bias assessments. eLife 2017; 6:24260. [PMID: 28884685 PMCID: PMC5621838 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Meta-analyses are increasingly used for synthesis of evidence from biomedical research, and often include an assessment of publication bias based on visual or analytical detection of asymmetry in funnel plots. We studied the influence of different normalisation approaches, sample size and intervention effects on funnel plot asymmetry, using empirical datasets and illustrative simulations. We found that funnel plots of the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) plotted against the standard error (SE) are susceptible to distortion, leading to overestimation of the existence and extent of publication bias. Distortion was more severe when the primary studies had a small sample size and when an intervention effect was present. We show that using the Normalised Mean Difference measure as effect size (when possible), or plotting the SMD against a sample size-based precision estimate, are more reliable alternatives. We conclude that funnel plots using the SMD in combination with the SE are unsuitable for publication bias assessments and can lead to false-positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter-Paul Zwetsloot
- Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mira Van Der Naald
- Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Emily S Sena
- Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David W Howells
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Joanna IntHout
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Joris Ah De Groot
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Steven Aj Chamuleau
- Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Malcolm R MacLeod
- Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberley E Wever
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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48
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Muir WW, Ueyama Y, Noel-Morgan J, Kilborne A, Page J. A Systematic Review of the Quality of IV Fluid Therapy in Veterinary Medicine. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:127. [PMID: 28856137 PMCID: PMC5557817 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the quality of the veterinary literature investigating IV fluid therapy in dogs, cats, horses, and cattle. Design Systematic review. Procedures The preferred reporting of items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) was employed for systematic review of all relevant IV fluid therapy manuscripts published from January 1969 through December 2016 in the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International (CABI) database. Independent grading systems used to evaluate manuscripts included the updated CONsolidated Standards of Reporting Trials 2012 checklist, risk of bias for animal intervention studies, criteria for levels of evidence, and methodological quality (Jadad scale). The quality of articles published before and after 2010 was compared. Results One hundred and thirty-nine articles (63 dogs, 7 cats, 39 horses, 30 cattle) from 7,258 met the inclusion criteria. More than 50% of the manuscripts did not comply with minimal requirements for reporting randomized controlled trials. The most non-compliant items included identification of specific predefined objectives or a hypothesis, identification of trial design, how sample size was determined, randomization, and blinding procedures. Most studies were underpowered and at risk for selection, performance, and detection bias. The overall quality of the articles improved for articles published after 2010. Conclusion and clinical relevance Most of the veterinary literature investigating the administration of IV fluid therapy in dogs, cats, horses, and cattle is descriptive, does not comply with standards for evidence, or provide adequate translation to clinical practice. Authors should employ and journal editors should enforce international consensus recommendations and guidelines for publication of data from animal experiments investigating IV fluid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Muir
- QTest Labs, Columbus, OH, United States.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, United States
| | | | - Jessica Noel-Morgan
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Allison Kilborne
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jessica Page
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
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49
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Versteegden LRM, de Jonge PKJD, IntHout J, van Kuppevelt TH, Oosterwijk E, Feitz WFJ, de Vries RBM, Daamen WF. Tissue Engineering of the Urethra: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Eur Urol 2017; 72:594-606. [PMID: 28385451 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Urethra repair by tissue engineering has been extensively studied in laboratory animals and patients, but is not routinely used in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE To systematically investigate preclinical and clinical evidence of the efficacy of tissue engineering for urethra repair in order to stimulate translation of preclinical studies to the clinic. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic search strategy was applied in PubMed and EMBASE. Studies were independently screened for relevance by two reviewers, resulting in 80 preclinical and 23 clinical studies of which 63 and 13 were selected for meta-analysis to assess side effects, functionality, and study completion. Analyses for preclinical and clinical studies were performed separately. Full circumferential and inlay procedures were assessed independently. Evaluated parameters included seeding of cells and type of biomaterial. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Meta-analysis revealed that cell seeding significantly reduced the probability of encountering side effects in preclinical studies. Remarkably though, cells were only sparsely used in the clinic (4/23 studies) and showed no significant reduction of side effects. ln 21 out of 23 clinical studies, decellularized templates were used, while in preclinical studies other biomaterials showed promising outcomes as well. No direct comparison to current clinical practice could be made due to the limited number of randomized controlled studies. CONCLUSIONS Due to a lack of controlled (pre)clinical studies, the efficacy of tissue engineering for urethra repair could not be determined. Meta-analysis outcome measures were similar to current treatment options described in literature. Surprisingly, it appeared that favorable preclinical results, that is inclusion of cells, were not translated to the clinic. Improved (pre)clinical study designs may enhance clinical translation. PATIENT SUMMARY We reviewed all available literature on urethral tissue engineering to assess the efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies. We show that improvements to (pre)clinical study design is required to improve clinical translation of tissue engineering technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk R M Versteegden
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul K J D de Jonge
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna IntHout
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Toin H van Kuppevelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert Oosterwijk
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wout F J Feitz
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob B M de Vries
- SYRCLE (SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation), Department for Health Evidence (section HTA), Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willeke F Daamen
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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50
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Effects of early-life stress on cognitive function and hippocampal structure in female rodents. Neuroscience 2017; 342:101-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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