1
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Li N, Flanagan BA, Edmands S. The role of mitochondria in sex- and age-specific gene expression in a species without sex chromosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321267121. [PMID: 38838014 PMCID: PMC11181141 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321267121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria perform an array of functions, many of which involve interactions with gene products encoded by the nucleus. These mitochondrial functions, particularly those involving energy production, can be expected to differ between sexes and across ages. Here, we measured mitochondrial effects on sex- and age-specific gene expression in parental and reciprocal F1 hybrids between allopatric populations of Tigriopus californicus with over 20% mitochondrial DNA divergence. Because the species lacks sex chromosomes, sex-biased mitochondrial effects are not confounded by the effects of sex chromosomes. Results revealed pervasive sex differences in mitochondrial effects, including effects on energetics and aging involving nuclear interactions throughout the genome. Using single-individual RNA sequencing, sex differences were found to explain more than 80% of the variance in gene expression. Males had higher expression of mitochondrial genes and mitochondrially targeted proteins (MTPs) involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), while females had elevated expression of non-OXPHOS MTPs, indicating strongly sex-dimorphic energy metabolism at the whole organism level. Comparison of reciprocal F1 hybrids allowed insights into the nature of mito-nuclear interactions, showing both mitochondrial effects on nuclear expression, and nuclear effects on mitochondrial expression. While based on a small set of crosses, sex-specific increases in mitochondrial expression with age were associated with longer life. Network analyses identified nuclear components of strong mito-nuclear interactions and found them to be sexually dimorphic. These results highlight the profound impact of mitochondria and mito-nuclear interactions on sex- and age-specific gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
| | - Ben A. Flanagan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
| | - Suzanne Edmands
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
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2
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Li Y, Sun Y, Li R, Zhou H, Li S, Jin P. Genetic Screening Revealed the Negative Regulation of miR-310~313 Cluster Members on Imd Pathway during Gram-Negative Bacterial Infection in Drosophila. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:601. [PMID: 38790230 PMCID: PMC11120675 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate immune response is the first line of host defense against pathogenic microorganisms, and its excessive or insufficient activation is detrimental to the organism. Many individual microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as crucial post-transcriptional regulators of immune homeostasis in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the synergistical regulation of miRNAs located within a cluster on the Imd-immune pathway remains obscured. In our study, a genetic screening with 52 transgenic UAS-miRNAs was performed to identify ten miRNAs or miRNA clusters, including the miR310~313 cluster, which may function on Imd-dependent immune responses. The miRNA RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression of miR-310~313 cluster members exhibited an increase at 6-12 h post E. coli infection. Furthermore, the overexpression of the miR-310~313 cluster impaired the Drosophila survival. And the overexpression of miR-310/311/312 reduced Dpt expression, an indication of Imd pathway induced by Gram-negative bacteria. Conversely, the knockdown of miR-310/311/312 led to increases in Dpt expression. The Luciferase reporter expression assays and RT-qPCR analysis confirmed that miR-310~313 cluster members directly co-targeted and inhibited Imd transcription. These findings reveal that the members of the miR-310~313 cluster synergistically inhibit Imd-dependent immune responses by co-targeting the Imd gene in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yixuan Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ruimin Li
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (R.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongjian Zhou
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (R.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Shengjie Li
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China;
| | - Ping Jin
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (R.L.); (H.Z.)
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3
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Polinski JM, Castellano KR, Buckley KM, Bodnar AG. Genomic signatures of exceptional longevity and negligible aging in the long-lived red sea urchin. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114021. [PMID: 38564335 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The red sea urchin (Mesocentrotus franciscanus) is one of the Earth's longest-living animals, reported to live more than 100 years with indeterminate growth, life-long reproduction, and no increase in mortality rate with age. To understand the genetic underpinnings of longevity and negligible aging, we constructed a chromosome-level assembly of the red sea urchin genome and compared it to that of short-lived sea urchin species. Genome-wide syntenic alignments identified chromosome rearrangements that distinguish short- and long-lived species. Expanded gene families in long-lived species play a role in innate immunity, sensory nervous system, and genome stability. An integrated network of genes under positive selection in the red sea urchin was involved in genomic regulation, mRNA fidelity, protein homeostasis, and mitochondrial function. Our results implicated known longevity genes in sea urchin longevity but also revealed distinct molecular signatures that may promote long-term maintenance of tissue homeostasis, disease resistance, and negligible aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrea G Bodnar
- Gloucester Marine Genomics Institute, Gloucester, MA 01930, USA.
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4
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Brown JC, McMichael BD, Vandadi V, Mukherjee A, Salzler HR, Matera AG. Lysine-36 of Drosophila histone H3.3 supports adult longevity. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae030. [PMID: 38366796 PMCID: PMC10989886 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial process that disturbs homeostasis, increases disease susceptibility, and ultimately results in death. Although the definitive set of molecular mechanisms responsible for aging remain to be discovered, epigenetic change over time is proving to be a promising piece of the puzzle. Several post-translational histone modifications have been linked to the maintenance of longevity. Here, we focus on lysine-36 of the replication-independent histone protein, H3.3 (H3.3K36). To interrogate the role of this residue in Drosophila developmental gene regulation, we generated a lysine-to-arginine mutant that blocks the activity of its cognate-modifying enzymes. We found that an H3.3BK36R mutation causes a significant reduction in adult lifespan, accompanied by dysregulation of the genomic and transcriptomic architecture. Transgenic co-expression of wild-type H3.3B completely rescues the longevity defect. Because H3.3 is known to accumulate in nondividing tissues, we carried out transcriptome profiling of young vs aged adult fly heads. The data show that loss of H3.3K36 results in age-dependent misexpression of NF-κB and other innate immune target genes, as well as defects in silencing of heterochromatin. We propose H3.3K36 maintains the postmitotic epigenomic landscape, supporting longevity by regulating both pericentric and telomeric retrotransposons and by suppressing aberrant immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Brown
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Benjamin D McMichael
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Vasudha Vandadi
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Aadit Mukherjee
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Harmony R Salzler
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - A Gregory Matera
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- RNA Discovery Center, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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5
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Zhang P, Catterson JH, Grönke S, Partridge L. Inhibition of S6K lowers age-related inflammation and increases lifespan through the endolysosomal system. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:491-509. [PMID: 38413780 PMCID: PMC11031405 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Suppression of target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) by rapamycin ameliorates aging in diverse species. S6 kinase (S6K) is an essential mediator, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. Here we show that activation of S6K specifically in Drosophila fat-body blocked extension of lifespan by rapamycin, induced accumulation of multilamellar lysosomes and blocked age-associated hyperactivation of the NF-κB-like immune deficiency (IMD) pathway, indicative of reduced inflammaging. Syntaxin 13 mediated the effects of TORC1-S6K signaling on lysosome morphology and inflammaging, suggesting they may be linked. Inflammaging depended on the IMD receptor regulatory isoform PGRP-LC, and repression of the IMD pathway from midlife extended lifespan. Age-related inflammaging was higher in females than in males and was not lowered in males by rapamycin treatment or lowered S6K. Rapamycin treatment also elevated Syntaxin 12/13 levels in mouse liver and prevented age-related increase in noncanonical NF-κB signaling, suggesting that the effect of TORC1 on inflammaging is conserved from flies to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingze Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - James H Catterson
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Linda Partridge
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
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6
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Brown JC, McMichael BD, Vandadi V, Mukherjee A, Salzler HR, Matera AG. Lysine-36 of Drosophila histone H3.3 supports adult longevity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.28.559962. [PMID: 38196611 PMCID: PMC10775331 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.28.559962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial process that disturbs homeostasis, increases disease susceptibility, and ultimately results in death. Although the definitive set of molecular mechanisms responsible for aging remain to be discovered, epigenetic change over time is proving to be a promising piece of the puzzle. Several posttranslational histone modifications (PTMs) have been linked to the maintenance of longevity. Here, we focus on lysine-36 of the replication-independent histone protein, H3.3 (H3.3K36). To interrogate the role of this residue in Drosophila developmental gene regulation, we generated a lysine to arginine mutant that blocks the activity of its cognate modifying enzymes. We found that an H3.3BK36R mutation causes a significant reduction in adult lifespan, accompanied by dysregulation of the genomic and transcriptomic architecture. Transgenic co-expression of wild-type H3.3B completely rescues the longevity defect. Because H3.3 is known to accumulate in non-dividing tissues, we carried out transcriptome profiling of young vs aged adult fly heads. The data show that loss of H3.3K36 results in age-dependent misexpression of NF-κB and other innate immune target genes, as well as defects in silencing of heterochromatin. We propose H3.3K36 maintains the postmitotic epigenomic landscape, supporting longevity by regulating both pericentric and telomeric retrotransposons and by suppressing aberrant immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Brown
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin D. McMichael
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vasudha Vandadi
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Aadit Mukherjee
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Harmony R. Salzler
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A. Gregory Matera
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- RNA Discovery Center, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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7
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Li N, Flanagan BA, Edmands S. The role of mitochondria in sex- and age-specific gene expression in a species without sex chromosomes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.08.570893. [PMID: 38106076 PMCID: PMC10723445 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.08.570893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria perform an array of functions, many of which involve interactions with gene products encoded by the nucleus. These mitochondrial functions, particularly those involving energy production, can be expected to differ between sexes and across ages. Here we measured mitochondrial effects on sex- and age-specific gene expression in parental and reciprocal F1 hybrids between allopatric populations of Tigriopus californicus with over 20% mitochondrial DNA divergence. Because the species lacks sex chromosomes, sex-biased mitochondrial effects are not confounded by the effects of sex chromosomes. Using single-individual RNA sequencing, sex differences were found to explain more than 80% of the variance in gene expression. Males had higher expression of mitochondrial genes and mitochondrially targeted proteins (MTPs) involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), while females had elevated expression of non-OXPHOS MTPs, indicating strongly sex-dimorphic energy metabolism at the whole organism level. Comparison of reciprocal F1 hybrids allowed insights into the nature of mito-nuclear interactions, showing both mitochondrial effects on nuclear expression, as well as nuclear effects on mitochondrial expression. Across both sexes, increases in mitochondrial expression with age were associated with longer life. Network analyses identified nuclear components of strong mito-nuclear interactions, and found them to be sexually dimorphic. These results highlight the profound impact of mitochondria and mito-nuclear interactions on sex- and age-specific gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | | | - Suzanne Edmands
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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8
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Zhang W, Ye Y, Sun Y, Li Y, Ge M, Chen K, Yang L, Chen G, Zhou J. Protein Restriction Effects on Healthspan and Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster Are Additive With a Longevity-Promoting Diet. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:2251-2259. [PMID: 37738989 PMCID: PMC10692430 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging of the organism is associated diminished response to external stimuli including weakened immune function, resulting in diseases that impair health and lifespan. Several dietary restriction modalities have been reported to improve health and lifespan in different animal models, but it is unknown whether any of the lifespan-extending dietary treatments could be combined to achieve an additive effect. Here, we investigated the effects of halving amino acids components in the HUNTaa diet, a synthetic medium known to extend lifespan in Drosophila. We found that dietary restriction by halving the entire amino acid components (DR group) could further extend lifespan and improve resistance to oxidative stress, desiccation stress, and starvation than flies on HUNTaa diet alone (wt group). Transcriptome analysis of Drosophila at 40, 60, and 80 days of age revealed that genes related to cell proliferation and metabolism decreased with age in the wt group, whereas background stimulus response and amino acid metabolism increased with age. However, these trends differed in the DR group, that is, the DR flies had downregulated stress response genes, including reduced background immune activation. Infection experiments demonstrated that these flies survived longer after feeding infection with Serratia marcescens and Enterococcus faecalis, suggesting that these flies had stronger immune function, and therefore reduced immune senescence. These results demonstrated that halving the entire amino acid components in the HUNTaa diet further extended health and lifespan and suggested that lifespan-extending diet and dietary restriction treatment could be combined to achieve additive beneficial results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunshuang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yinan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxia Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kangning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Guijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jumin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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9
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Wodrich APK, Scott AW, Giniger E. What do we mean by "aging"? Questions and perspectives revealed by studies in Drosophila. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 213:111839. [PMID: 37354919 PMCID: PMC10330756 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
What is the nature of aging, and how best can we study it? Here, using a series of questions that highlight differing perspectives about the nature of aging, we ask how data from Drosophila melanogaster at the organismal, tissue, cellular, and molecular levels shed light on the complex interactions among the phenotypes associated with aging. Should aging be viewed as an individual's increasing probability of mortality over time or as a progression of physiological states? Are all age-correlated changes in physiology detrimental to vigor or are some compensatory changes that maintain vigor? Why do different age-correlated functions seem to change at different rates in a single individual as it ages? Should aging be considered as a single, integrated process across the scales of biological resolution, from organismal to molecular, or must we consider each level of biological scale as a separate, distinct entity? Viewing aging from these differing perspectives yields distinct but complementary interpretations about the properties and mechanisms of aging and may offer a path through the complexities related to understanding the nature of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P K Wodrich
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States; College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Andrew W Scott
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Edward Giniger
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States.
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10
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Cerri F, Araujo MDS, Aguirre ADAR, Evaristo GPC, Evaristo JAM, Nogueira FCS, de Medeiros JF, Dias QM. Crude saliva of Amblyomma cajennense sensu stricto (Acari: Ixodidae) reduces locomotor activity and increases the hemocyte number in the females of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Exp Parasitol 2023:108570. [PMID: 37330106 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti are vector insects of arboviruses such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. All available vector control methods have limited efficacy, highlighting the urgent need to find alternative ones. Evidence shows that arachnids like ticks are sources of biologically active compounds. Moreover, chemical modulation of the locomotor and immune systems of vector insects can be used to control arbovirus transmission. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of crude saliva of female Amblyomma cajennense sensu stricto (s.s.) ticks in reducing locomotor activity and inducing an immune response in Ae. aegypti females. Additionally, the study evaluated the protein constitution of tick saliva. For this purpose, the crude saliva obtained from several semi-engorged A. cajennense females was used. A volume of 0.2 nL of crude tick saliva was administered to mosquitoes by direct intrathoracic microinjection. The effect of the tick's saliva on the locomotor activity of the mosquito was observed using Flybox, a video-automated monitoring system, and the hemolymph hemocyte levels were quantified by reading slides under a light microscope. The protein concentration of the crude tick saliva was 1.27 μg/μL, and its electrophoretic profile indicates the presence of proteins with a molecular weight ranging between ∼17 and 95 kDa. Microplusins, ixodegrins, cystatin, actins, beta-actin, calponin, albumin, alpha-globulins, and hemoglobin were the main proteins identified by proteomics in the saliva of A. cajennense. The microinjected saliva had low toxicity for Ae. aegypti females and significantly reduced their locomotor activity, especially in the transition between the light and dark phases. The crude tick saliva did not change the period and rhythmicity of the circadian cycle. The tick saliva significantly increased the number of hemocytes two days after injection and reduced it after five days. These results suggest that further evaluation of the biological properties of tick saliva proteins against Ae. aegypti would be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Cerri
- Laboratório de Neuro e Imunofarmacologia (NIMFAR) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ Rondônia) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Rondônia - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, (PGBIOEXP), Brazil
| | - Maisa da Silva Araujo
- Laboratório de Entomologia/Plataforma de Produção e Infecção de Vetores da Malária (PIVEM) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ Rondônia) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - André de Abreu Rangel Aguirre
- Laboratório de Entomologia/Plataforma de Produção e Infecção de Vetores da Malária (PIVEM) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ Rondônia) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | | | - Joseph Albert Medeiros Evaristo
- Laboratório de Proteômica, LADETEC, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fábio César Sousa Nogueira
- Laboratório de Proteômica, LADETEC, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jansen Fernandes de Medeiros
- Universidade Federal de Rondônia - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, (PGBIOEXP), Brazil; Laboratório de Entomologia/Plataforma de Produção e Infecção de Vetores da Malária (PIVEM) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ Rondônia) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Quintino Moura Dias
- Laboratório de Neuro e Imunofarmacologia (NIMFAR) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ Rondônia) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Neuroimunomodulação (INCT - NIM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Rondônia - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, (PGBIOEXP), Brazil.
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11
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Vershinina YS, Krasnov GS, Garbuz DG, Shaposhnikov MV, Fedorova MS, Pudova EA, Katunina IV, Kornev AB, Zemskaya NV, Kudryavtsev AA, Bulavkina EV, Matveeva AA, Ulyasheva NS, Guvatova ZG, Anurov AA, Moskalev AA, Kudryavtseva AV. Transcriptomic Analysis of the Effect of Torin-2 on the Central Nervous System of Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109095. [PMID: 37240439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Torin-2, a synthetic compound, is a highly selective inhibitor of both TORC1 and TORC2 (target of rapamycin) complexes as an alternative to the well-known immunosuppressor, geroprotector, and potential anti-cancer natural compound rapamycin. Torin-2 is effective at hundreds of times lower concentrations and prevents some negative side effects of rapamycin. Moreover, it inhibits the rapamycin-resistant TORC2 complex. In this work, we evaluated transcriptomic changes in D. melanogaster heads induced with lifetime diets containing Torin-2 and suggested possible neuroprotective mechanisms of Torin-2. The analysis included D. melanogaster of three ages (2, 4, and 6 weeks old), separately for males and females. Torin-2, taken at the lowest concentration being tested (0.5 μM per 1 L of nutrient paste), had a slight positive effect on the lifespan of D. melanogaster males (+4% on the average) and no positive effect on females. At the same time, RNA-Seq analysis revealed interesting and previously undiscussed effects of Torin-2, which differed between sexes as well as in flies of different ages. Among the cellular pathways mostly altered by Torin-2 at the gene expression level, we identified immune response, protein folding (heat shock proteins), histone modification, actin cytoskeleton organization, phototransduction and sexual behavior. Additionally, we revealed that Torin-2 predominantly reduced the expression of Srr gene responsible for the conversion of L-serine to D-serine and thus regulating activity of NMDA receptor. Via western blot analysis, we showed than in old males Torin-2 tends to increase the ratio of the active phosphorylated form of ERK, the lowest node of the MAPK cascade, which may play a significant role in neuroprotection. Thus, the complex effect of Torin-2 may be due to the interplay of the immune system, hormonal background, and metabolism. Our work is of interest for further research in the field of NMDA-mediated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia S Vershinina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - George S Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - David G Garbuz
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Maria S Fedorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Pudova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V Katunina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey B Kornev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Zemskaya
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch of RAS, 167000 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Alexander A Kudryavtsev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta V Bulavkina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Matveeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia S Ulyasheva
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch of RAS, 167000 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Zulfiya G Guvatova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artemiy A Anurov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Moskalev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Lathe R, St Clair D. Programmed ageing: decline of stem cell renewal, immunosenescence, and Alzheimer's disease. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023. [PMID: 37068798 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic maximum lifespan varies enormously across animal species from a few hours to hundreds of years. This argues that maximum lifespan, and the ageing process that itself dictates lifespan, are to a large extent genetically determined. Although controversial, this is supported by firm evidence that semelparous species display evolutionarily programmed ageing in response to reproductive and environmental cues. Parabiosis experiments reveal that ageing is orchestrated systemically through the circulation, accompanied by programmed changes in hormone levels across a lifetime. This implies that, like the circadian and circannual clocks, there is a master 'clock of age' (circavital clock) located in the limbic brain of mammals that modulates systemic changes in growth factor and hormone secretion over the lifespan, as well as systemic alterations in gene expression as revealed by genomic methylation analysis. Studies on accelerated ageing in mice, as well as human longevity genes, converge on evolutionarily conserved fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors, including KLOTHO, as well as insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and steroid hormones, as key players mediating the systemic effects of ageing. Age-related changes in these and multiple other factors are inferred to cause a progressive decline in tissue maintenance through failure of stem cell replenishment. This most severely affects the immune system, which requires constant renewal from bone marrow stem cells. Age-related immune decline increases risk of infection whereas lifespan can be extended in germfree animals. This and other evidence suggests that infection is the major cause of death in higher organisms. Immune decline is also associated with age-related diseases. Taking the example of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we assess the evidence that AD is caused by immunosenescence and infection. The signature protein of AD brain, Aβ, is now known to be an antimicrobial peptide, and Aβ deposits in AD brain may be a response to infection rather than a cause of disease. Because some cognitively normal elderly individuals show extensive neuropathology, we argue that the location of the pathology is crucial - specifically, lesions to limbic brain are likely to accentuate immunosenescence, and could thus underlie a vicious cycle of accelerated immune decline and microbial proliferation that culminates in AD. This general model may extend to other age-related diseases, and we propose a general paradigm of organismal senescence in which declining stem cell proliferation leads to programmed immunosenescence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lathe
- Division of Infection Medicine, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Little France, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - David St Clair
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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13
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Unraveling the Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Insects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065753. [PMID: 36982826 PMCID: PMC10059942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short, mainly positively charged, amphipathic molecules. AMPs are important effectors of the immune response in insects with a broad spectrum of antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic activity. In addition to these well-known roles, AMPs exhibit many other, often unobvious, functions in the host. They support insects in the elimination of viral infections. AMPs participate in the regulation of brain-controlled processes, e.g., sleep and non-associative learning. By influencing neuronal health, communication, and activity, they can affect the functioning of the insect nervous system. Expansion of the AMP repertoire and loss of their specificity is connected with the aging process and lifespan of insects. Moreover, AMPs take part in maintaining gut homeostasis, regulating the number of endosymbionts as well as reducing the number of foreign microbiota. In turn, the presence of AMPs in insect venom prevents the spread of infection in social insects, where the prey may be a source of pathogens.
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14
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Lu MY, Chtarbanova S. The role of micro RNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of Drosophila melanogaster's innate immunity. Fly (Austin) 2022; 16:382-396. [PMID: 36412256 PMCID: PMC9683055 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2149204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs ~19-22 nt long which post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Their ability to exhibit dynamic expression patterns coupled with their wide variety of targets allows miRNAs to regulate many processes, including the innate immune response of Drosophila melanogaster. Recent studies have identified miRNAs in Drosophila which are differentially expressed during infection with different pathogens as well as miRNAs that may affect immune signalling when differentially expressed. This review provides an overview of miRNAswhich have been identified to play a role in the immune response of Drosophila through targeting of the Toll and IMD signalling pathways and other immune processes. It will also explore the role of miRNAs in fine-tuning the immune response in Drosophila and highlight current gaps in knowledge regarding the role of miRNAs in immunity and areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Yang Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Stanislava Chtarbanova
- Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA,Center for Convergent Bioscience & Medicine, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA,Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA,CONTACT Stanislava Chtarbanova Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Alabama, 300, Hackberry Ln, Tuscaloosa, AL-35487, USA
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15
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Tayeri K, Asadollahi K, Madani N, Haghjooy Javanmard S. Does COVID-19 Escalate Aging Process? A Possible Concern. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 11:106. [PMID: 36660763 PMCID: PMC9843595 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_350_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A key challenge after the COVID-19 pandemic will be managing the long-term sequelae for the millions of individuals who recover from the disease. Based on the available evidence, our hypothesis is that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and its long-term complications will lead to premature aging (in terms of health) of many people in the world. Obviously, to maintain appropriate public health and prevent poor health-care services, countries should think and plan about the health problems and the long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 after controlling the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Tayeri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Iranian Research Center of HIV and AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Navid Madani
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Prof. Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
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16
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Corbally MK, Regan JC. Fly immunity comes of age: The utility of Drosophila as a model for studying variation in immunosenescence. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:1016962. [PMID: 36268532 PMCID: PMC9576847 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.1016962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Chen Y, Xu W, Chen Y, Han A, Song J, Zhou X, Song W. Renal NF-κB activation impairs uric acid homeostasis to promote tumor-associated mortality independent of wasting. Immunity 2022; 55:1594-1608.e6. [PMID: 36029766 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-induced host wasting and mortality are general phenomena across species. Many groups have previously demonstrated endocrinal impacts of malignant tumors on host wasting in rodents and Drosophila. Whether and how environmental factors and host immune response contribute to tumor-associated host wasting and survival, however, are largely unknown. Here, we report that flies bearing malignant yki3SA-gut tumors exhibited the exponential increase of commensal bacteria, which were mostly acquired from the environment, and systemic IMD-NF-κB activation due to suppression of a gut antibacterial amidase PGRP-SC2. Either gut microbial elimination or specific IMD-NF-κB blockade in the renal-like Malpighian tubules potently improved mortality of yki3SA-tumor-bearing flies in a manner independent of host wasting. We further indicate that renal IMD-NF-κB activation caused uric acid (UA) overload to reduce survival of tumor-bearing flies. Therefore, our results uncover a fundamental mechanism whereby gut commensal dysbiosis, renal immune activation, and UA imbalance potentiate tumor-associated host death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Anxuan Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Jiantao Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
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18
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Landis GN, Riggan L, Bell HS, Vu W, Wang T, Wang I, Tejawinata FI, Ko S, Tower J. Mifepristone Increases Life Span in Female Drosophila Without Detectable Antibacterial Activity. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:924957. [PMID: 35935727 PMCID: PMC9354577 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.924957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Mifepristone dramatically increases the life span of mated female Drosophila while reducing the expression of innate immune response genes. Previous results indicated that mifepristone also reduced the load of aero-tolerant bacteria in mated females. Experiments were conducted to further investigate the possible role of bacteria in mifepristone life span effects. Life span was assayed in flies grown from sterilized eggs on autoclaved media and in normally cultured controls in two independent assays. Sterilization increased mated female life span (+8.3% and +57%, respectively), and the effect of mifepristone was additive (+53% and +93%, respectively). High-throughput sequencing of 16S sequences revealed that sterilization reduced the abundance of multiple species and the classes Bacteroidia, Bacilli, Actinobacteria, and Cytophagia. By contrast, mifepristone caused no decreases and instead increased the abundance of three species. Five aero-tolerant bacterial species were cultured from extracts of mated female flies, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative species (Acetobacter sicerae, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Serratia rubidea, and Paenibacillus glucanolyticus). There was no detectable effect of mifepristone on the growth of these bacteria in vitro, indicating that mifepristone does not have a direct antibiotic effect. To test if antibiotics could mimic the effects of mifepristone in vivo, mated female flies were treated throughout adult life span with high concentrations of the individual antibiotics doxycycline, ampicillin, kanamycin, and streptomycin, in replicate experiments. No significant effect on life span was observed for ampicillin, kanamycin, or streptomycin, and an inconsistent benefit was observed for doxycycline. Finally, supplementation of media with Enterococcus faecalis did not alter adult female life span in the presence or absence of mifepristone. Taken together, the results indicate the life span benefits of mifepristone are not due to an antibiotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Tower
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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19
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Hua Y, Zhu Y, Hu Y, Kong F, Duan R, Zhang C, Zhang C, Zhang S, Jin Y, Ye Y, Cai Q, Ji S. A Feedback Regulatory Loop Involving dTrbd/dTak1 in Controlling IMD Signaling in Drosophila Melanogaster. Front Immunol 2022; 13:932268. [PMID: 35911722 PMCID: PMC9329959 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative regulators of the inflammatory responses are essential for the maintenance of immune homeostasis and organismal fitness. In Drosophila, the deubiquitinase (Dub) dTrbd selectively restricts the K63-linked ubiquitination modification of dTak1, a pivotal kinase of the IMD signaling pathway, to regulate the IMD innate immune response. However, which domain and how it functions to enable dTrbd's activity remain unexplored. Here, we provide compelling evidence showing that the NZF domain of dTrbd is essential for its association with dTak1. Meanwhile, the Linker region of dTrbd is involved in modulating its condensation, a functional state representing the Dub enzymatical activity of dTrbd. Of interest, the activated IMD signals following bacterial stimuli enhance the dTrbd/dTak1 interaction, as well as the condensate assembly and Dub enzymatical activity of dTrbd. Collectively, our studies shed light on the dual mechanisms by which the IMD signaling-mediated feedback loop of dTrbd/dTak1 precisely regulates the innate immune response in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Hua
- Centre for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yangyang Zhu
- Centre for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yixuan Hu
- Centre for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Fanrui Kong
- Centre for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Renjie Duan
- Centre for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Centre for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chuchu Zhang
- Centre for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shikun Zhang
- Centre for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yiheng Jin
- Centre for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yizhu Ye
- Centre for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingshuang Cai
- Centre for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shanming Ji
- Centre for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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20
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Gordon KE, Wolfner MF, Lazzaro BP. A single mating is sufficient to induce persistent reduction of immune defense in mated female Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 140:104414. [PMID: 35728669 PMCID: PMC10162487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In many species, female reproductive investment comes at a cost to immunity and resistance to infection. Mated Drosophila melanogaster females are more susceptible to bacterial infection than unmated females. Transfer of the male seminal fluid protein Sex Peptide reduces female post-mating immune defense. Sex Peptide is known to cause both short- and long-term changes to female physiology and behavior. While previous studies showed that females were less resistant to bacterial infection as soon as 2.5 h and as long as 26.5 h after mating, it is unknown whether this is a binary switch from mated to unmated state or whether females can recover to unmated levels of immunity. It is additionally unknown whether repeated mating causes progressive reduction in defense capacity. We compared the immune defense of mated females when infected at 2, 4, 7, or 10 days after mating to that of unmated females and saw no recovery of immune capacity regardless of the length of time between mating and infection. Because D. melanogaster females can mate multiply, we additionally tested whether a second mating, and therefore a second transfer of seminal fluids, caused deeper reduction in immune performance. We found that females mated either once or twice before infection survived at equal proportions, both with significantly lower probability than unmated females. We conclude that a single mating event is sufficient to persistently suppress the female immune system. Interestingly, we observed that induced levels of expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) decreased with age in both experiments, partially obscuring the effects of mating. Collectively, the data indicate that being reproductively active versus reproductively inactive are alternative binary states with respect to female D. melanogaster immunity. The establishment of a suppressed immune status in reproductively active females can inform our understanding of the regulation of immune defense and the mechanisms of physiological trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Gordon
- Field of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Mariana F Wolfner
- Field of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Brian P Lazzaro
- Field of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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21
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Hodge BA, Meyerhof GT, Katewa SD, Lian T, Lau C, Bar S, Leung NY, Li M, Li-Kroeger D, Melov S, Schilling B, Montell C, Kapahi P. Dietary restriction and the transcription factor clock delay eye aging to extend lifespan in Drosophila Melanogaster. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3156. [PMID: 35672419 PMCID: PMC9174495 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many vital processes in the eye are under circadian regulation, and circadian dysfunction has emerged as a potential driver of eye aging. Dietary restriction is one of the most robust lifespan-extending therapies and amplifies circadian rhythms with age. Herein, we demonstrate that dietary restriction extends lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster by promoting circadian homeostatic processes that protect the visual system from age- and light-associated damage. Altering the positive limb core molecular clock transcription factor, CLOCK, or CLOCK-output genes, accelerates visual senescence, induces a systemic immune response, and shortens lifespan. Flies subjected to dietary restriction are protected from the lifespan-shortening effects of photoreceptor activation. Inversely, photoreceptor inactivation, achieved via mutating rhodopsin or housing flies in constant darkness, primarily extends the lifespan of flies reared on a high-nutrient diet. Our findings establish the eye as a diet-sensitive modulator of lifespan and indicates that vision is an antagonistically pleiotropic process that contributes to organismal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Hodge
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
| | - Geoffrey T Meyerhof
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Subhash D Katewa
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, 333 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Ting Lian
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
- Sichuan Agricultural University, 46 Xinkang Rd, Yucheng District, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Charles Lau
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Sudipta Bar
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Nicole Y Leung
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Menglin Li
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - David Li-Kroeger
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77096, USA
| | - Simon Melov
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Birgit Schilling
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Craig Montell
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Pankaj Kapahi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
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22
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Chandler JA, Innocent LV, Martinez DJ, Huang IL, Yang JL, Eisen MB, Ludington WB. Microbiome-by-ethanol interactions impact Drosophila melanogaster fitness, physiology, and behavior. iScience 2022; 25:104000. [PMID: 35313693 PMCID: PMC8933687 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota can affect how animals respond to ingested toxins, such as ethanol, which is prevalent in the diets of diverse animals and often leads to negative health outcomes in humans. Ethanol is a complex dietary factor because it acts as a toxin, behavioral manipulator, and nutritional source, with both direct effects on the host as well as indirect ones through the microbiome. Here, we developed a model for chronic, non-intoxicating ethanol ingestion in the adult fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and paired this with the tractability of the fly gut microbiota, which can be experimentally removed. We linked numerous physiological, behavioral, and transcriptional variables to fly fitness, including a combination of intestinal barrier integrity, stored triglyceride levels, feeding behavior, and the immunodeficiency pathway. Our results reveal a complex tradeoff between lifespan and fecundity that is microbiome-dependent and modulated by dietary ethanol and feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Angus Chandler
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lina Victoria Innocent
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Isaac Li Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jane Lani Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael Bruce Eisen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - William Basil Ludington
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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23
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Hutfilz C. Endocrine Regulation of Lifespan in Insect Diapause. Front Physiol 2022; 13:825057. [PMID: 35242054 PMCID: PMC8886022 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.825057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diapause is a physiological adaptation to conditions that are unfavorable for growth or reproduction. During diapause, animals become long-lived, stress-resistant, developmentally static, and non-reproductive, in the case of diapausing adults. Diapause has been observed at all developmental stages in both vertebrates and invertebrates. In adults, diapause traits weaken into adaptations such as hibernation, estivation, dormancy, or torpor, which represent evolutionarily diverse versions of the traditional diapause traits. These traits are regulated through modifications of the endocrine program guiding development. In insects, this typically includes changes in molting hormones, as well as metabolic signals that limit growth while skewing the organism's energetic demands toward conservation. While much work has been done to characterize these modifications, the interactions between hormones and their downstream consequences are incompletely understood. The current state of diapause endocrinology is reviewed here to highlight the relevance of diapause beyond its use as a model to study seasonality and development. Specifically, insect diapause is an emerging model to study mechanisms that determine lifespan. The induction of diapause represents a dramatic change in the normal progression of age. Hormones such as juvenile hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, and prothoracicotropic hormone are well-known to modulate this plasticity. The induction of diapause-and by extension, the cessation of normal aging-is coordinated by interactions between these pathways. However, research directly connecting diapause endocrinology to the biology of aging is lacking. This review explores connections between diapause and aging through the perspective of endocrine signaling. The current state of research in both fields suggests appreciable overlap that will greatly contribute to our understanding of diapause and lifespan determination.
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24
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Aging and Light Stress Result in Overlapping and Unique Gene Expression Changes in Photoreceptors. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020264. [PMID: 35205309 PMCID: PMC8872477 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced age is one of the leading risk factors for vision loss and eye disease. Photoreceptors are the primary sensory neurons of the eye. The extended photoreceptor cell lifespan, in addition to its high metabolic needs due to phototransduction, makes it critical for these neurons to continually respond to the stresses associated with aging by mounting an appropriate gene expression response. Here, we sought to untangle the more general neuronal age-dependent transcriptional signature of photoreceptors with that induced by light stress. To do this, we aged flies or exposed them to various durations of blue light, followed by photoreceptor nuclei-specific transcriptome profiling. Using this approach, we identified genes that are both common and uniquely regulated by aging and light induced stress. Whereas both age and blue light induce expression of DNA repair genes and a neuronal-specific signature of death, both conditions result in downregulation of phototransduction. Interestingly, blue light uniquely induced genes that directly counteract the overactivation of the phototransduction signaling cascade. Lastly, unique gene expression changes in aging photoreceptors included the downregulation of genes involved in membrane potential homeostasis and mitochondrial function, as well as the upregulation of immune response genes. We propose that light stress contributes to the aging transcriptome of photoreceptors, but that there are also other environmental or intrinsic factors involved in age-associated photoreceptor gene expression signatures.
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25
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Endosymbiotic male-killing Spiroplasma affect the physiological and behavioural ecology of Macrocheles- Drosophila interactions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 88:e0197221. [PMID: 34878815 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01972-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While many arthropod endosymbionts are vertically transmitted, phylogenetic studies reveal repeated introductions of hemolymph-dwelling Spiroplasma into Drosophila. Introductions are often attributed to horizontal transmission via ectoparasite vectors. Here, we test if mites prefer to infect Spiroplasma poulsonii MSRO infected flies, and if MSRO infection impairs fly resistance against secondary mite (Macrocheles subbadius) attack. First we tested if mites prefer MSRO+ or MSRO- flies using pair-wise-choice tests across fly ages. We then tested whether mite preferences are explained by changes in fly physiology, specifically increased metabolic rate (measured as CO2 production). We hypothesize that this preference is due in part to MSRO+ flies expressing higher metabolic rates. However, our results showed mite preference depended on an interaction between fly age and MSRO status: mites avoided 14-days old MSRO+ flies relative to MSRO- flies (31% infection), but prefered MSRO+ flies (64% infection) among 26-day old flies. Using flow-through respirometry, we found 14 day-old MSRO+ flies had higher CO2 emissions than MSRO- flies (32% greater), whereas at 26 days old the CO2 production among MSRO+ flies was 20% lower than MSRO- flies. Thus, mite preferences for high metabolic rate hosts did not explain the infection biases in this study. To assess changes in susceptibility to infection, we measured fly endurance using geotaxis assays. Older flies had lower endurance consistent with fly senescence, and this effect was magnified among MSRO+ flies. Given the biological importance of male-killing Spiroplasma, potential changes in the interactions of hosts and potential vectors could impact the ecology and evolution of host species. Importance Male-killing endosymbionts are transmitted mother to daughter and kill male offspring. Despite these major ecological effects, how these endosymbionts colonize new host species is not always clear. Mites are sometimes hypothesized to transfer these bacteria between hosts/host species. Here we test if 1) if mites prefer to infect flies that harbour Spiroplasma poulisoni MSRO and 2) if flies infected with MSRO are less able to resist mite infection. Our results show that flies infected with MSRO have weaker anti-mite resistance but the mite preference/aversion for MSRO+ flies varied with fly age. Given the fitness and population impacts of male-killing Spiroplasma, changes in fly-mite interactions have implications for the ecology and evolution of these symbioses.
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26
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Choppin M, Feldmeyer B, Foitzik S. Histone acetylation regulates the expression of genes involved in worker reproduction in the ant Temnothorax rugatulus. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:871. [PMID: 34861814 PMCID: PMC8642982 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In insect societies, queens monopolize reproduction while workers perform tasks such as brood care or foraging. Queen loss leads to ovary development and lifespan extension in workers of many ant species. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this phenotypic plasticity remain unclear. Recent studies highlight the importance of epigenetics in regulating plastic traits in social insects. Thus, we investigated the role of histone acetylation in regulating worker reproduction in the ant Temnothorax rugatulus. We removed queens from their colonies to induce worker fecundity, and either fed workers with chemical inhibitors of histone acetylation (C646), deacetylation (TSA), or the solvent (DMSO) as control. We monitored worker number for six weeks after which we assessed ovary development and sequenced fat body mRNA. Results Workers survived better in queenless colonies. They also developed their ovaries after queen removal in control colonies as expected, but not in colonies treated with the chemical inhibitors. Both inhibitors affected gene expression, although the inhibition of histone acetylation using C646 altered the expression of more genes with immunity, fecundity, and longevity functionalities. Interestingly, these C646-treated workers shared many upregulated genes with infertile workers from queenright colonies. We also identified one gene with antioxidant properties commonly downregulated in infertile workers from queenright colonies and both C646 and TSA-treated workers from queenless colonies. Conclusion Our results suggest that histone acetylation is involved in the molecular regulation of worker reproduction, and thus point to an important role of histone modifications in modulating phenotypic plasticity of life history traits in social insects. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08196-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Choppin
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Barbara Feldmeyer
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Molecular Ecology, Senckenberg, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Susanne Foitzik
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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27
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Rodrigues MA, Merckelbach A, Durmaz E, Kerdaffrec E, Flatt T. Transcriptomic evidence for a trade-off between germline proliferation and immunity in Drosophila. Evol Lett 2021; 5:644-656. [PMID: 34917403 PMCID: PMC8645197 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-history theory posits that investment into reproduction might occur at the expense of investment into somatic maintenance, including immune function. If so, reduced or curtailed reproductive effort might be expected to increase immunity. In support of this notion, work in Caenorhabditis elegans has shown that worms lacking a germline exhibit improved immunity, but whether the antagonistic relation between germline proliferation and immunity also holds for other organisms is less well understood. Here, we report that transgenic ablation of germ cells in late development or early adulthood in Drosophila melanogaster causes elevated baseline expression and increased induction of Toll and Imd immune genes upon bacterial infection, as compared to fertile flies with an intact germline. We also identify immune genes whose expression after infection differs between fertile and germline-less flies in a manner that is conditional on their mating status. We conclude that germline activity strongly impedes the expression and inducibility of immune genes and that this physiological trade-off might be evolutionarily conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Esra Durmaz
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgCH‐1700 FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Envel Kerdaffrec
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgCH‐1700 FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Thomas Flatt
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgCH‐1700 FribourgSwitzerland
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28
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Asbah A, Ummussaadah U, Parenden N, Putri ASW, Rosa RA, Rumata NR, Emran TB, Dhama K, Nainu F. Pharmacological Effect of Caffeine on Drosophila melanogaster: A Proof-of-Concept in vivo Study for Nootropic Investigation. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2021; 76:1645-1654. [PMID: 35546991 PMCID: PMC9083854 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356628.1884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive investigation into drug candidates with nootropic activity using a proper and high throughput yet economical model organism is an important issue to consider. This proof-of-concept study was carried out to determine whether Drosophila melanogaster can be used as an in vivo screening platform to assess the nootropic activity of certain candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. To test this, caffeine was used as a nootropic compound and a Drosophila mutant line lacking PGRP-LB with hyperactivation of NF-κB leading to early death with neurodegenerative phenotype was used as a model organism. Caffeine was orally administered via food to the PGRP-LB mutant of D. melanogaster at different concentrations (0.4 mM, 0.08 mM, 0.016 mM) prior to phenotypical observations of the survival and locomotor activity, as well as gene expression analysis, to assess the expression level of sod1, sod2, and cat genes. The results pointed out that the lifespan of D. melanogaster treated with 0.016 mM caffeine was dramatically increased; nonetheless, no changes were observed in the locomotor activity. Phenotypical analysis using a T-maze vial test demonstrated a good cognitive improvement in response to caffeine administration. Molecular analysis revealed that caffeine at a concentration of 0,016 mM induced the expression of the endogenous antioxidant genes sod1 and cat, but not sod2, signifying that the increased lifespan may be associated with a marked improvement in cytoplasmic antioxidant function. In general, the findings of the present study are in line with those previously observed in the mammalian model organism. Therefore, it can be concluded that D. melanogaster can be used as a model organism in preliminary investigation and screening of nootropic candidates prior to further testing in its mammalian counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Asbah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - U Ummussaadah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - N Parenden
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - A S W Putri
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - R A Rosa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - N R Rumata
- Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Makassar, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - T B Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University, Chittagong-4381, Bangladesh
| | - K Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - F Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
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29
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Carr AL, Rinker DC, Dong Y, Dimopoulos G, Zwiebel LJ. Transcriptome profiles of Anopheles gambiae harboring natural low-level Plasmodium infection reveal adaptive advantages for the mosquito. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22578. [PMID: 34799605 PMCID: PMC8604914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Anopheline mosquitoes are the sole vectors for the Plasmodium pathogens responsible for malaria, which is among the oldest and most devastating of human diseases. The continuing global impact of malaria reflects the evolutionary success of a complex vector-pathogen relationship that accordingly has been the long-term focus of both debate and study. An open question in the biology of malaria transmission is the impact of naturally occurring low-level Plasmodium infections of the vector on the mosquito's health and longevity as well as critical behaviors such as host-preference/seeking. To begin to answer this, we have completed a comparative RNAseq-based transcriptome profile study examining the effect of biologically salient, salivary gland transmission-stage Plasmodium infection on the molecular physiology of Anopheles gambiae s.s. head, sensory appendages, and salivary glands. When compared with their uninfected counterparts, Plasmodium infected mosquitoes exhibit increased transcript abundance of genes associated with olfactory acuity as well as a range of synergistic processes that align with increased fitness based on both anti-aging and reproductive advantages. Taken together, these data argue against the long-held paradigm that malaria infection is pathogenic for anophelines and, instead suggests there are biological and evolutionary advantages for the mosquito that drive the preservation of its high vectorial capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann L Carr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - David C Rinker
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Yuemei Dong
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - George Dimopoulos
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Laurence J Zwiebel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
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30
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Abstract
Aging has provided fruitful challenges for evolutionary theory, and evolutionary theory has deepened our understanding of aging. A great deal of genetic and molecular data now exists concerning mortality regulation and there is a growing body of knowledge concerning the life histories of diverse species. Assimilating all relevant data into a framework for the evolution of aging promises to significantly advance the field. We propose extensions of some key concepts to provide greater precision when applying these concepts to age-structured contexts. Secondary or byproduct effects of mutations are proposed as an important factor affecting survival patterns, including effects that may operate in small populations subject to genetic drift, widening the possibilities for mutation accumulation and pleiotropy. Molecular and genetic studies have indicated a diverse array of mechanisms that can modify aging and mortality rates, while transcriptome data indicate a high level of tissue and species specificity for genes affected by aging. The diversity of mechanisms and gene effects that can contribute to the pattern of aging in different organisms may mirror the complex evolutionary processes behind aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Frankel
- Biology Department, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Blanka Rogina
- Genetics and Genome Sciences, Institute for Systems Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
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31
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Shahrestani P, King E, Ramezan R, Phillips M, Riddle M, Thornburg M, Greenspan Z, Estrella Y, Garcia K, Chowdhury P, Malarat G, Zhu M, Rottshaefer SM, Wraight S, Griggs M, Vandenberg J, Long AD, Clark AG, Lazzaro BP. The molecular architecture of Drosophila melanogaster defense against Beauveria bassiana explored through evolve and resequence and quantitative trait locus mapping. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6371870. [PMID: 34534291 PMCID: PMC8664422 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the genetic architecture of antifungal immunity in natural populations. Using two population genetic approaches, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and evolve and resequence (E&R), we explored D. melanogaster immune defense against infection with the fungus Beauveria bassiana. The immune defense was highly variable both in the recombinant inbred lines from the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource used for our QTL mapping and in the synthetic outbred populations used in our E&R study. Survivorship of infection improved dramatically over just 10 generations in the E&R study, and continued to increase for an additional nine generations, revealing a trade-off with uninfected longevity. Populations selected for increased defense against B. bassiana evolved cross resistance to a second, distinct B. bassiana strain but not to bacterial pathogens. The QTL mapping study revealed that sexual dimorphism in defense depends on host genotype, and the E&R study indicated that sexual dimorphism also depends on the specific pathogen to which the host is exposed. Both the QTL mapping and E&R experiments generated lists of potentially causal candidate genes, although these lists were nonoverlapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Shahrestani
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton CA, 92831, USA
| | - Elizabeth King
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia MO, 65211, USA
| | - Reza Ramezan
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mark Phillips
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis OR, 97331, USA
| | - Melissa Riddle
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton CA, 92831, USA
| | - Marisa Thornburg
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton CA, 92831, USA
| | - Zachary Greenspan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92692, USA
| | | | - Kelly Garcia
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, 14853, USA
| | - Pratik Chowdhury
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, 14853, USA
| | - Glen Malarat
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ming Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, 14853, USA
| | | | - Stephen Wraight
- USDA ARS Emerging Pets and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture & Health, Ithaca NY, 14853, USA
| | - Michael Griggs
- USDA ARS Emerging Pets and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture & Health, Ithaca NY, 14853, USA
| | - John Vandenberg
- USDA ARS Emerging Pets and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture & Health, Ithaca NY, 14853, USA
| | - Anthony D Long
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92692, USA
| | - Andrew G Clark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, 14853, USA
| | - Brian P Lazzaro
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, 14853, USA
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32
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Guo S, Yang P, Liang B, Zhou F, Hou L, Kang L, Wang X. Aging features of the migratory locust at physiological and transcriptional levels. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:257. [PMID: 33838645 PMCID: PMC8037904 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-Drosophila insects provide diverse aging types and important complementary systems for studies of aging biology. However, little attention has been paid to the special roles of non-Drosophila insects in aging research. Here, the aging-related features of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, were determined at the physiological, cellular, and transcriptional levels. Results In physiological assessments, the flight performance and sperm state of locusts displayed clear aging-related decline in male adults. Transcriptional analyses demonstrated locusts have similar aging-related genes with model species. However, different from those of Drosophila and mammals, the organ-specific aging transcriptional features of locusts were characterized by intensive expression changes in flight muscle and fat body and little transcriptional changes in brain. The predominant transcriptional characteristics of flight muscle and fat body aging were changes in expression of mitochondrion-related genes and detoxification and phagocytosis genes, respectively. Cellular assessments revealed the incidence of mitochondrial abnormalities significantly increased in aged flight muscle, and apoptotic signals and nuclear abnormalities were enhanced in aged fat body but not in brain. In addition, some well-known aging genes and locust aging-related genes (i.e., IAP1, PGRP-SA, and LIPT1), whose roles in aging regulation were rarely reported, were demonstrated to affect lifespan, metabolism, and flight ability of locusts after RNAi. Conclusion This study revealed multi-level aging signatures of locust, thus laying a foundation for further investigation of aging mechanisms in this famous insect in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07585-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Bo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Li Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xianhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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33
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Sheffield L, Sciambra N, Evans A, Hagedorn E, Goltz C, Delfeld M, Kuhns H, Fierst JL, Chtarbanova S. Age-dependent impairment of disease tolerance is associated with a robust transcriptional response following RNA virus infection in Drosophila. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6219303. [PMID: 33836060 PMCID: PMC8495950 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Advanced age in humans is associated with greater susceptibility to and higher mortality rates from infections, including infections with some RNA viruses. The underlying innate immune mechanisms, which represent the first line of defense against pathogens, remain incompletely understood. Drosophila melanogaster is able to mount potent and evolutionarily conserved innate immune defenses against a variety of microorganisms including viruses and serves as an excellent model organism for studying host–pathogen interactions. With its relatively short lifespan, Drosophila also is an organism of choice for aging studies. Despite numerous advantages that this model offers, Drosophila has not been used to its full potential to investigate the response of the aged host to viral infection. Here, we show that, in comparison to younger flies, aged Drosophila succumb more rapidly to infection with the RNA-containing Flock House virus due to an age-dependent defect in disease tolerance. Relative to younger individuals, we find that older Drosophila mount transcriptional responses characterized by differential regulation of more genes and genes regulated to a greater extent. We show that loss of disease tolerance to Flock House virus with age associates with a stronger regulation of genes involved in apoptosis, some genes of the Drosophila immune deficiency NF-kB pathway, and genes whose products function in mitochondria and mitochondrial respiration. Our work shows that Drosophila can serve as a model to investigate host–virus interactions during aging and furthermore sets the stage for future analysis of the age-dependent mechanisms that govern survival and control of virus infections at older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakbira Sheffield
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 300, Hackberry lane, Tuscaloosa, AL-35487, USA.,Graduate Biomedical Sciences program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL- 35294, USA
| | - Noah Sciambra
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 300, Hackberry lane, Tuscaloosa, AL-35487, USA
| | - Alysa Evans
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 300, Hackberry lane, Tuscaloosa, AL-35487, USA
| | - Eli Hagedorn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 300, Hackberry lane, Tuscaloosa, AL-35487, USA
| | - Casey Goltz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 300, Hackberry lane, Tuscaloosa, AL-35487, USA
| | - Megan Delfeld
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 300, Hackberry lane, Tuscaloosa, AL-35487, USA
| | - Haley Kuhns
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 300, Hackberry lane, Tuscaloosa, AL-35487, USA
| | - Janna L Fierst
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 300, Hackberry lane, Tuscaloosa, AL-35487, USA
| | - Stanislava Chtarbanova
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 300, Hackberry lane, Tuscaloosa, AL-35487, USA
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Negroni MA, Segers FHID, Vogelweith F, Foitzik S. Immune challenge reduces gut microbial diversity and triggers fertility-dependent gene expression changes in a social insect. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:816. [PMID: 33225893 PMCID: PMC7682046 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiome can influence life history traits associated with host fitness such as fecundity and longevity. In most organisms, these two life history traits are traded-off, while they are positively linked in social insects. In ants, highly fecund queens can live for decades, while their non-reproducing workers exhibit much shorter lifespans. Yet, when fertility is induced in workers by death or removal of the queen, worker lifespan can increase. It is unclear how this positive link between fecundity and longevity is achieved and what role the gut microbiome and the immune system play in this. To gain insights into the molecular regulation of lifespan in social insects, we investigated fat body gene expression and gut microbiome composition in workers of the ant Temnothorax rugatulus in response to an experimental induction of fertility and an immune challenge. Results Fertile workers upregulated several molecular repair mechanisms, which could explain their extended lifespan. The immune challenge altered the expression of several thousand genes in the fat body, including many immune genes, and, interestingly, this transcriptomic response depended on worker fertility. For example, only fertile, immune-challenged workers upregulated genes involved in the synthesis of alpha-ketoglutarate, an immune system regulator, which extends the lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans by down-regulating the TOR pathway and reducing oxidant production. Additionally, we observed a dramatic loss in bacterial diversity in the guts of the ants within a day of the immune challenge. Yet, bacterial density did not change, so that the gut microbiomes of many immune challenged workers consisted of only a single or a few bacterial strains. Moreover, the expression of immune genes was linked to the gut microbiome composition, suggesting that the ant host can regulate the microbiome in its gut. Conclusions Immune system flare-ups can have negative consequence on gut microbiome diversity, pointing to a previously underrated cost of immunity. Moreover, our results provide important insights into shifts in the molecular regulation of fertility and longevity associated with insect sociality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Antoine Negroni
- Institute of Molecular and Organismic Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 15, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Francisca H I D Segers
- Institute of Molecular and Organismic Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 15, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department for Applied Bioinformatics, Inst. of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Fanny Vogelweith
- Institute of Molecular and Organismic Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 15, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,M2i Biocontrol, Parnac, France
| | - Susanne Foitzik
- Institute of Molecular and Organismic Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 15, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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35
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Tsurumi A, Li WX. Aging mechanisms-A perspective mostly from Drosophila. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2020; 1:e10026. [PMID: 36619249 PMCID: PMC9744567 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.10026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of the natural aging process, which is distinct from aging-related disease mechanisms, is essential for developing interventions to extend lifespan or healthspan. Here, we discuss current trends in aging research and address conceptual and experimental challenges in the field. We examine various molecular markers implicated in aging with an emphasis on the role of heterochromatin and epigenetic changes. Studies in model organisms have been advantageous in elucidating conserved genetic and epigenetic mechanisms and assessing interventions that affect aging. We highlight the use of Drosophila, which allows controlled studies for evaluating genetic and environmental contributors to aging conveniently. Finally, we propose the use of novel methodologies and future strategies using Drosophila in aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Tsurumi
- Department of SurgeryMassachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA,Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA,Shriners Hospitals for Children‐Boston®BostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Willis X. Li
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California at San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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Zarrizi M, Paryad E, Ghanbari Khanghah A, Kazemnezhad Leili E, Faghani H. Endotracheal Tube Duration in Elderly Patients after the Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery. TANAFFOS 2020; 19:235-242. [PMID: 33815544 PMCID: PMC8008409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In elderly patients, the management of the endotracheal tube after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) can be challenging because they often have complex comorbidities. This study was done to determine endotracheal tube duration in elderly patients after CABG. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study was conducted on 397 patients aged over 65 years under mechanical ventilation after CABG. Patients in two groups of endotracheal tube duration of less than 8 h and more than 8 h were compared. Medical records were used for data gathering. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis test, and logistic regression model were used for data analysis. RESULTS Endotracheal tube duration was 9.9± 5.89 h in elderly patients. According to the results of the Mann-Whitney U test, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the history of smoking (p = 0.023), history of diabetes (p= 0.062), left ventricular ejection fraction (p= 0.028), and type of operation in terms of emergency and non-emergency (p= 0.069). The logistic regression model showed predictive variables of the endotracheal tube duration after CABG in elderly patients over 65 years, including the history of smoking (1.179- 4.543, CI: 95%, β=0.839, and, p=0.015), history of myocardial infarction (0.188- 1.019, CI: 95%, p= 0.055, β= -0.827), and the left ventricular ejection fraction less than 50% (0.202-0752, CI: 95%, p= 0.005, β= -0.943). CONCLUSION Considering the predictive factors, the duration of the postoperative endotracheal tube can play an important role in the careful care of elderly patients after CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zarrizi
- Critical Care Nursing, Dr. Heshmat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ezzat Paryad
- GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center (GCSPRC), Department of Nursing (Medical-Surgical), Instructor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Atefeh Ghanbari Khanghah
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SCHRC), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ehsan Kazemnezhad Leili
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Department of Biostatistics Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hamed Faghani
- Critical Care Nursing, Dr. Heshmat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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The Y chromosome may contribute to sex-specific ageing in Drosophila. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:853-862. [PMID: 32313175 PMCID: PMC7274899 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Heterochromatin suppresses repetitive DNA, and a loss of heterochromatin has been observed in aged cells of several species, including humans and Drosophila. Males often contain substantially more heterochromatic DNA than females, due to the presence of a large, repeat-rich Y chromosome, and male flies generally have shorter average life spans than females. Here we show that repetitive DNA becomes de-repressed more rapidly in old male flies relative to females, and repeats on the Y chromosome are disproportionally mis-expressed during aging. This is associated with a loss of heterochromatin at repetitive elements during aging in male flies, and a general loss of repressive chromatin in aged males away from pericentromeric regions and the Y. By generating flies with different sex chromosome karyotypes (XXY females; X0 and XYY males), we show that repeat de-repression and average lifespan is correlated with the number of Y chromosomes. This suggests that sex-specific chromatin differences may contribute to sex-specific aging in flies.
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38
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New insights on Drosophila antimicrobial peptide function in host defense and beyond. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 62:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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39
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Salminen A. Activation of immunosuppressive network in the aging process. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 57:100998. [PMID: 31838128 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation has a key role in the aging process, a state called inflammaging. It is known that the chronic inflammatory condition generates counteracting immunosuppressive state in many diseases. Inflammaging is also associated with an immune deficiency; generally termed as immunosenescence, although it is not known whether it represents the senescence of immune cells or the active remodeling of immune system. Evidence has accumulated since the 1970's indicating that immunosenescence might be caused by an increased activity of immunosuppressive cells rather than cellular senescence. Immune cells display remarkable plasticity; many of these cells can express both proinflammatory and immunosuppressive phenotypes in a context-dependent manner. The immunosuppressive network involves the regulatory subtypes of T (Treg) and B (Breg) cells as well as regulatory phenotypes of macrophages (Mreg), dendritic (DCreg), natural killer (NKreg), and type II natural killer T (NKT) cells. The immunosuppressive network also includes monocytic (M-MDSC) and polymorphonuclear (PMN-MDSC) myeloid-derived suppressor cells which are immature myeloid cells induced by inflammatory mediators. This co-operative network is stimulated in chronic inflammatory conditions preventing excessive inflammatory responses but at the same time they exert harmful effects on the immune system and tissue homeostasis. Recent studies have revealed that the aging process is associated with the activation of immunosuppressive network, especially the functions of MDSCs, Tregs, and Mregs are increased. I will briefly review the properties of the regulatory phenotypes of immune cells and examine in detail the evidences for an activation of immunosuppressive network with aging.
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40
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The Drosophila melanogaster as Genetic Model System to Dissect the Mechanisms of Disease that Lead to Neurodegeneration in Adrenoleukodystrophy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1299:145-159. [PMID: 33417213 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60204-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster is the most successful genetic model organism to study different human disease with a recent increased popularity to study neurological disorders. Drosophila melanogaster has a complex yet well-defined brain with defined anatomical regions with specific functions. The neuronal network in the adult brain has a structural organization highly similar to human neurons, but in a brain that is much more amenable for complex analyses. The availability of sophisticated genetic tools to study neurons permits to examine neuronal functions at the single cell level in the whole brain by confocal imaging, which does not require sections. Thus, Drosophila has been used to successfully study many neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and has been recently adopted to understand the complex networks leading to neurological disorders with metabolic origins such as Leigh disease and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD).In this review, we will describe the genetic tools available to study neuronal structures and functions and also illustrate some limitations of the system. Finally, we will report the experimental efforts that in the past 10 years have established Drosophila melanogaster as an excellent model organism to study neurodegenerative disorders focusing on X-ALD.
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Lemaître J, Pavard S, Giraudeau M, Vincze O, Jennings G, Hamede R, Ujvari B, Thomas F. Eco‐evolutionary perspectives of the dynamic relationships linking senescence and cancer. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐François Lemaître
- Université de Lyon, F‐69000, Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR5558 Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive F‐69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Samuel Pavard
- Unité Eco-anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS 7206 Université Paris Diderot Paris France
| | | | - Orsolya Vincze
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Evolutionary Ecology Group Babeş‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
- Department of Tisza Research MTA Centre for Ecological Research Debrecen Hungary
| | - Geordie Jennings
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Waurn Ponds Victoria Australia
- School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Rodrigo Hamede
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Waurn Ponds Victoria Australia
- School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Waurn Ponds Victoria Australia
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Li R, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Zhou H, Jin P, Ma F. The miR-317 functions as a negative regulator of Toll immune response and influences Drosophila survival. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:19-27. [PMID: 30708026 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The miR-317 has been revealed to involve in the reproductive response and the larval ovary morphogenesis of Drosophila. However, whether the miR-317 can also regulate Drosophila innate immune responses, which remains unclear to date. Here we have verified that miR-317 can directly target the 3'UTR of Dif-Rc to down-regulate the expression levels of AMP Drs to negatively control Drosophila Toll immune response in vivo and vitro. Specially, the Dif is an important transcription factor of Toll pathway with four transcripts (Dif-Ra, Dif-Rb, Dif-Rc and Dif-Rd). Our results show that miR-317 only targets to Dif-Rc, but not Dif-Ra/b/d, implying that miRNAs can regulate different isoforms of an alternative splicing gene to fine tune immune responses and maintain homeostasis in post-transcriptional level. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the miR-317 sponge can restore the expression levels of Drs and Dif-Rc at mRNA and protein levels. Remarkably, during Gram-positive bacterial infection, the overexpressed miR-317 flies have poor survival outcome, whereas the knockout miR-317 flies have favorable survival compared to the control group, respectively, suggesting that the miR-317 might play a key role in Drosophila survival. Taken together, our current works not only reveal an innate immune function and a novel regulation pattern of miR-317, but also provide a new insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms of immunity disorder influencing on Drosophila survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Li
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Hongjian Zhou
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Ping Jin
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - Fei Ma
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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43
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Monroy Kuhn JM, Meusemann K, Korb J. Long live the queen, the king and the commoner? Transcript expression differences between old and young in the termite Cryptotermes secundus. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210371. [PMID: 30759161 PMCID: PMC6373952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Social insects provide promising new avenues for aging research. Within a colony, individuals that share the same genetic background can differ in lifespan by up to two orders of magnitude. Reproducing queens (and in termites also kings) can live for more than 20 years, extraordinary lifespans for insects. We studied aging in a termite species, Cryptotermes secundus, which lives in less socially complex societies with a few hundred colony members. Reproductives develop from workers which are totipotent immatures. Comparing transcriptomes of young and old individuals, we found evidence for aging in reproductives that was especially associated with DNA and protein damage and the activity of transposable elements. By contrast, workers seemed to be better protected against aging. Thus our results differed from those obtained for social insects that live in more complex societies. Yet, they are in agreement with lifespan estimates for the study species. Our data are also in line with expectations from evolutionary theory. For individuals that are able to reproduce, it predicts that aging should only start after reaching maturity. As C. secundus workers are immatures with full reproductive options we expect them to invest into anti-aging processes. Our study illustrates that the degree of aging can differ between social insects and that it may be associated with caste-specific opportunities for reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Monroy Kuhn
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (JMMK); (JK)
| | - Karen Meusemann
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Judith Korb
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (JMMK); (JK)
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Fabian DK, Garschall K, Klepsatel P, Santos‐Matos G, Sucena É, Kapun M, Lemaitre B, Schlötterer C, Arking R, Flatt T. Evolution of longevity improves immunity in Drosophila. Evol Lett 2018; 2:567-579. [PMID: 30564440 PMCID: PMC6292704 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Much has been learned about the genetics of aging from studies in model organisms, but still little is known about naturally occurring alleles that contribute to variation in longevity. For example, analysis of mutants and transgenes has identified insulin signaling as a major regulator of longevity, yet whether standing variation in this pathway underlies microevolutionary changes in lifespan and correlated fitness traits remains largely unclear. Here, we have analyzed the genomes of a set of Drosophila melanogaster lines that have been maintained under direct selection for postponed reproduction and indirect selection for longevity, relative to unselected control lines, for over 35 years. We identified many candidate loci shaped by selection for longevity and late-life fertility, but - contrary to expectation - we did not find overrepresentation of canonical longevity genes. Instead, we found an enrichment of immunity genes, particularly in the Toll pathway, suggesting that evolutionary changes in immune function might underpin - in part - the evolution of late-life fertility and longevity. To test whether this genomic signature is causative, we performed functional experiments. In contrast to control flies, long-lived flies tended to downregulate the expression of antimicrobial peptides upon infection with age yet survived fungal, bacterial, and viral infections significantly better, consistent with alleviated immunosenescence. To examine whether genes of the Toll pathway directly affect longevity, we employed conditional knockdown using in vivo RNAi. In adults, RNAi against the Toll receptor extended lifespan, whereas silencing the pathway antagonist cactus--causing immune hyperactivation - dramatically shortened lifespan. Together, our results suggest that genetic changes in the age-dependent regulation of immune homeostasis might contribute to the evolution of longer life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K. Fabian
- Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Institut für PopulationsgenetikVetmeduni ViennaViennaAustria
- Vienna Graduate School of Population GeneticsViennaAustria
| | - Kathrin Garschall
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Peter Klepsatel
- Institut für PopulationsgenetikVetmeduni ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute of ZoologySlovak Academy of Sciences845 06 BratislavaSlovakia
| | | | - Élio Sucena
- Instituto Gulbenkian de CiênciaOeirasPortugal
- Departamento de Biologia AnimalFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Martin Kapun
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Bruno Lemaitre
- Global Health InstituteSchool of Life Sciences, EPFLLausanneSwitzerland
| | | | - Robert Arking
- Department of Biological SciencesWayne State UniversityDetroitMichigan
| | - Thomas Flatt
- Institut für PopulationsgenetikVetmeduni ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
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45
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Min KJ, Tatar M. Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism of Immunosenescence in Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2472. [PMID: 30134574 PMCID: PMC6164973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A common feature of the aging process is a decline in immune system performance. Extensive research has sought to elucidate how changes in adaptive immunity contribute to aging and to provide evidence showing that changes in innate immunity have an important role in the overall decline of net immune function. Drosophila is an emerging model used to address questions related to immunosenescence via research that integrates its capacity for genetic dissection of aging with groundbreaking molecular biology related to innate immunity. Herein, we review information on the immunosenescence of Drosophila and suggest its possible mechanisms that involve changes in insulin/IGF(insulin-like growth factor)-1 signaling, hormones such as juvenile hormone and 20-hydroxyecdysone, and feedback system degeneration. Lastly, the emerging role of microbiota on the regulation of immunity and aging in Drosophila is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Jin Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Marc Tatar
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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46
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Abstract
Between the 1930s and 50s, evolutionary biologists developed a successful theory of why organisms age, firmly rooted in population genetic principles. By the 1980s the evolution of aging had a secure experimental basis. Since the force of selection declines with age, aging evolves due to mutation accumulation or a benefit to fitness early in life. Here we review major insights and challenges that have emerged over the last 35 years: selection does not always necessarily decline with age; higher extrinsic (i.e., environmentally caused) mortality does not always accelerate aging; conserved pathways control aging rate; senescence patterns are more diverse than previously thought; aging is not universal; trade-offs involving lifespan can be 'broken'; aging might be 'druggable'; and human life expectancy continues to rise but compressing late-life morbidity remains a pressing challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Flatt
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Linda Partridge
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Aging, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, D-50931, Cologne, Germany.
- Institute for Healthy Aging and GEE, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E6BT, UK.
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47
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Staats S, Lüersen K, Wagner AE, Rimbach G. Drosophila melanogaster as a Versatile Model Organism in Food and Nutrition Research. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:3737-3753. [PMID: 29619822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster has been widely used in the biological sciences as a model organism. Drosophila has a relatively short life span of 60-80 days, which makes it attractive for life span studies. Moreover, approximately 60% of the fruit fly genes are orthologs to mammals. Thus, metabolic and signal transduction pathways are highly conserved. Maintenance and reproduction of Drosophila do not require sophisticated equipment and are rather cheap. Furthermore, there are fewer ethical issues involved in experimental Drosophila research compared with studies in laboratory rodents, such as rats and mice. Drosophila is increasingly recognized as a model organism in food and nutrition research. Drosophila is often fed complex solid diets based on yeast, corn, and agar. There are also so-called holidic diets available that are defined in terms of their amino acid, fatty acid, carbohydrate, vitamin, mineral, and trace element compositions. Feed intake, body composition, locomotor activity, intestinal barrier function, microbiota, cognition, fertility, aging, and life span can be systematically determined in Drosophila in response to dietary factors. Furthermore, diet-induced pathophysiological mechanisms including inflammation and stress responses may be evaluated in the fly under defined experimental conditions. Here, we critically evaluate Drosophila melanogaster as a versatile model organism in experimental food and nutrition research, review the corresponding data in the literature, and make suggestions for future directions of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Staats
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science , University of Kiel , Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6 , D-24118 Kiel , Germany
| | - Kai Lüersen
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science , University of Kiel , Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6 , D-24118 Kiel , Germany
| | - Anika E Wagner
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine , University of Lübeck , Ratzeburger Allee 160 , D-23538 Lübeck , Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science , University of Kiel , Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6 , D-24118 Kiel , Germany
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