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Mietelska M, Pietrzak M, Bancer A, Ruciński A, Szefliński Z, Brzozowska B. Ionization Detail Parameters for DNA Damage Evaluation in Charged Particle Radiotherapy: Simulation Study Based on Cell Survival Database. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5094. [PMID: 38791135 PMCID: PMC11121214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Details of excitation and ionization acts hide a description of the biological effects of charged particle traversal through living tissue. Nanodosimetry enables the introduction of novel quantities that characterize and quantify the particle track structure while also serving as a foundation for assessing biological effects based on this quantification. This presents an opportunity to enhance the planning of charged particle radiotherapy by taking into account the ionization detail. This work uses Monte Carlo simulations with Geant4-DNA code for a wide variety of charged particles and their radiation qualities to analyze the distribution of ionization cluster sizes within nanometer-scale volumes, similar to DNA diameter. By correlating these results with biological parameters extracted from the PIDE database for the V79 cell line, a novel parameter R2 based on ionization details is proposed for the evaluation of radiation quality in terms of biological consequences, i.e., radiobiological cross section for inactivation. By incorporating the probability p of sub-lethal damage caused by a single ionization, we address limitations associated with the usually proposed nanodosimetric parameter Fk for characterizing the biological effects of radiation. We show that the new parameter R2 correlates well with radiobiological data and can be used to predict biological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mietelska
- Biomedical Physics Division, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
- Radiological Metrology and Biomedical Physics Division, Nuclear Facilities Operations Department, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk, Poland; (M.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Marcin Pietrzak
- Radiological Metrology and Biomedical Physics Division, Nuclear Facilities Operations Department, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk, Poland; (M.P.); (A.B.)
- Laboratory of Translational Imaging in Oncology, Inserm, Institut Curie, Université Paris Saclay, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Aleksandr Bancer
- Radiological Metrology and Biomedical Physics Division, Nuclear Facilities Operations Department, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk, Poland; (M.P.); (A.B.)
| | | | | | - Beata Brzozowska
- Biomedical Physics Division, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
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2
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Parisi A, Beltran CJ, Furutani KM. The Mayo Clinic Florida microdosimetric kinetic model of clonogenic survival: formalism and first benchmark against in vitro and in silico data. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac7375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. To develop a new model (Mayo Clinic Florida microdosimetric kinetic model, MCF MKM) capable of accurately describing the in vitro clonogenic survival at low and high linear energy transfer (LET) using single-event microdosimetric spectra in a single target. Methodology. The MCF MKM is based on the ‘post-processing average’ implementation of the non-Poisson microdosimetric kinetic model and includes a novel expression to compute the particle-specific quadratic-dependence of the cell survival with respect to dose (β of the linear-quadratic model). A new methodology to a priori calculate the mean radius of the MCF MKM subnuclear domains is also introduced. Lineal energy spectra were simulated with the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) for 1H, 4He, 12C, 20Ne, 40Ar, 56Fe, and 132Xe ions and used in combination with the MCF MKM to calculate the ion-specific LET-dependence of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79 cell line) and human salivary gland tumor cells (HSG cell line). The results were compared with in vitro data from the Particle Irradiation Data Ensemble (PIDE) and in silico results of different models. The possibility of performing experiment-specific predictions to explain the scatter in the in vitro RBE data was also investigated. Finally, a sensitivity analysis on the model parameters is also included. Main results. The RBE values predicted with the MCF MKM were found to be in good agreement with the in vitro data for all tested conditions. Though all MCF MKM model parameters were determined a priori, the accuracy of the MCF MKM was found to be comparable or superior to that of other models. The model parameters determined a priori were in good agreement with the ones obtained by fitting all available in vitro data. Significance. The MCF MKM will be considered for implementation in cancer radiotherapy treatment planning with accelerated ions.
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Parisi A, Sato T, Matsuya Y, Kase Y, Magrin G, Verona C, Tran L, Rosenfeld A, Bianchi A, Olko P, Struelens L, Vanhavere F. Development of a new microdosimetric biological weighting function for the RBE 10 assessment in case of the V79 cell line exposed to ions from 1H to 238U. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:235010. [PMID: 33274727 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abbf96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An improved biological weighting function (IBWF) is proposed to phenomenologically relate microdosimetric lineal energy probability density distributions with the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for the in vitro clonogenic cell survival (surviving fraction = 10%) of the most commonly used mammalian cell line, i.e. the Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79). The IBWF, intended as a simple and robust tool for a fast RBE assessment to compare different exposure conditions in particle therapy beams, was determined through an iterative global-fitting process aimed to minimize the average relative deviation between RBE calculations and literature in vitro data in case of exposure to various types of ions from 1H to 238U. By using a single particle- and energy- independent function, it was possible to establish an univocal correlation between lineal energy and clonogenic cell survival for particles spanning over an unrestricted linear energy transfer range of almost five orders of magnitude (0.2 keV µm-1 to 15 000 keV µm-1 in liquid water). The average deviation between IBWF-derived RBE values and the published in vitro data was ∼14%. The IBWF results were also compared with corresponding calculations (in vitro RBE10 for the V79 cell line) performed using the modified microdosimetric kinetic model (modified MKM). Furthermore, RBE values computed with the reference biological weighting function (BWF) for the in vivo early intestine tolerance in mice were included for comparison and to further explore potential correlations between the BWF results and the in vitro RBE as reported in previous studies. The results suggest that the modified MKM possess limitations in reproducing the experimental in vitro RBE10 for the V79 cell line in case of ions heavier than 20Ne. Furthermore, due to the different modelled endpoint, marked deviations were found between the RBE values assessed using the reference BWF and the IBWF for ions heavier than 2H. Finally, the IBWF was unchangingly applied to calculate RBE values by processing lineal energy density distributions experimentally measured with eight different microdosimeters in 19 1H and 12C beams at ten different facilities (eight clinical and two research ones). Despite the differences between the detectors, irradiation facilities, beam profiles (pristine or spread out Bragg peak), maximum beam energy, beam delivery (passive or active scanning), energy degradation system (water, PMMA, polyamide or low-density polyethylene), the obtained IBWF-based RBE trends were found to be in good agreement with the corresponding ones in case of computer-simulated microdosimetric spectra (average relative deviation equal to 0.8% and 5.7% for 1H and 12C ions respectively).
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Wang W, Li C, Qiu R, Chen Y, Wu Z, Zhang H, Li J. Modelling of Cellular Survival Following Radiation-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16202. [PMID: 30385845 PMCID: PMC6212584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A mechanistic model of cellular survival following radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) was proposed in this study. DSBs were assumed as the initial lesions in the DNA of the cell nucleus induced by ionizing radiation. The non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway was considered as the domain pathway of DSB repair in mammalian cells. The model was proposed to predict the relationship between radiation-induced DSBs in nucleus and probability of cell survival, which was quantitatively described by two input parameters and six fitting parameters. One input parameter was the average number of primary particles which caused DSB, the other input parameter was the average number of DSBs yielded by each primary particle that caused DSB. The fitting parameters were used to describe the biological characteristics of the irradiated cells. By determining the fitting parameters of the model with experimental data, the model is able to estimate surviving fractions for the same type of cells exposed to particles with different physical parameters. The model further revealed the mechanism of cell death induced by the DSB effect. Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of charged particles at different survival could be calculated with the model, which would provide reference for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Nuctech Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Qiu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Yizheng Chen
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Nuctech Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Junli Li
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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5
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Jin X, Li F, Liu B, Zheng X, Li H, Ye F, Chen W, Li Q. Different mitochondrial fragmentation after irradiation with X-rays and carbon ions in HeLa cells and its influence on cellular apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:958-965. [PMID: 29709476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although mitochondria are known to play an important role in radiation-induced cellular damage, the mechanisms by which ionizing radiation modulates mitochondrial dynamics are largely unknown. In this study, human cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa was used to demonstrate the different modes of mitochondrial network in response to different quality radiations such as low linear energy transfer (LET) X-rays and high-LET carbon ions. Mitochondria fragmented into punctate and clustered ones upon carbon ion irradiation in a dose- and LET-dependent manner, which was associated with apoptotic cell death. In contrast, low-dose X-ray irradiation promoted mitochondrial fusion while mitochondrial fission was detected until the radiation dose was more than 1 Gy. This fission was driven by ERK1/2-mediated phosphorylation of Drp1 on Serine 616. Inhibition of mitochondrial fragmentation suppressed the radiation-induced apoptosis and thus enhanced the resistance of cells to carbon ions and high-dose X-rays, but not for cells irradiated with X-rays at the low dose. Our results suggest that radiations of different qualities cause diverse changes of mitochondrial dynamics in cancer cells, which play an important role in determining the cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Jin
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bingtao Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaogang Zheng
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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6
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Cunha M, Monini C, Testa E, Beuve M. NanOx, a new model to predict cell survival in the context of particle therapy. Phys Med Biol 2016; 62:1248-1268. [PMID: 27995904 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa54c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Particle therapy is increasingly attractive for the treatment of tumors and the number of facilities offering it is rising worldwide. Due to the well-known enhanced effectiveness of ions, it is of utmost importance to plan treatments with great care to ensure tumor killing and healthy tissues sparing. Hence, the accurate quantification of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of ions, used in the calculation of the biological dose, is critical. Nevertheless, the RBE is a complex function of many parameters and its determination requires modeling. The approaches currently used have allowed particle therapy to thrive, but still show some shortcomings. We present herein a short description of a new theoretical framework, NanOx, to calculate cell survival in the context of particle therapy. It gathers principles from existing approaches, while addressing some of their weaknesses. NanOx is a multiscale model that takes the stochastic nature of radiation at nanometric and micrometric scales fully into account, integrating also the chemical aspects of radiation-matter interaction. The latter are included in the model by means of a chemical specific energy, determined from the production of reactive chemical species induced by irradiation. Such a production represents the accumulation of oxidative stress and sublethal damage in the cell, potentially generating non-local lethal events in NanOx. The complementary local lethal events occur in a very localized region and can, alone, lead to cell death. Both these classes of events contribute to cell death. The comparison between experimental data and model predictions for the V79 cell line show a good agreement. In particular, the dependence of the typical shoulders of cell survival curves on linear energy transfer are well described, but also the effectiveness of different ions, including the overkill effect. These results required the adjustment of a number of parameters compatible with the application of the model in a clinical scenario thereby showing the potential of NanOx. Said parameters are discussed in detail in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cunha
- Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France. Université de Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France. CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, France
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7
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Di C, Sun C, Li H, Si J, Zhang H, Han L, Zhao Q, Liu Y, Liu B, Miao G, Gan L, Liu Y. Diallyl disulfide enhances carbon ion beams-induced apoptotic cell death in cervical cancer cells through regulating Tap73 /ΔNp73. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3725-33. [PMID: 26505313 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1104438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS), extracted from crushed garlic by steam-distillation, has been reported to provide the anticancer activity in several cancer types. However, the effect of DADS on high-LET carbon beams - induced cell death remains unknown. Therefore, we used human cervical cancer cells to elucidate the molecular effects of this diallyl sulfide. Radiotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment, especially in advanced cervical cancer and there is still space to improve the radiosensitivity to reduce radiation dosage. In this study, we found that radiation effects evoked by high-LET carbon beam was marked by inhibition of cell viability, cell cycle arrest, significant rise of apoptotic cells, regulation of transcription factor, such as p73, as well as alterations of crucial mediator of the apoptosis pathway. We further demonstrated that pretreatment of 10 µM DADS in HeLa cells exposed to radiation resulted in decrease in cell viability and increased radiosensitivity. Additionally, cells pretreated with DADS obviously inhibited the radiation-induced G2/M phase arrest, but promoted radiation-induced apoptosis. Moreover, combination DADS and the radiation exacerbated the activation of apoptosis pathways through up-regulated ration of pro-apoptotic Tap73 to anti-apoptotic ΔNp73, and its downstream proteins, such as FASLG, and APAF1. Taken together, these results suggest that DADS is a potential candidate as radio sensitive agent for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixia Di
- a Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine ; Institute of Modern Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou , China.,b Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province ; Lanzhou , China
| | - Chao Sun
- a Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine ; Institute of Modern Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou , China.,b Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province ; Lanzhou , China
| | - Hongyan Li
- a Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine ; Institute of Modern Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou , China.,b Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province ; Lanzhou , China
| | - Jing Si
- a Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine ; Institute of Modern Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou , China.,b Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province ; Lanzhou , China
| | - Hong Zhang
- a Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine ; Institute of Modern Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou , China.,b Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province ; Lanzhou , China
| | - Lu Han
- a Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine ; Institute of Modern Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou , China.,b Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province ; Lanzhou , China
| | - Qiuyue Zhao
- a Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine ; Institute of Modern Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou , China.,b Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province ; Lanzhou , China
| | - Yang Liu
- a Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine ; Institute of Modern Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou , China.,b Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province ; Lanzhou , China
| | - Bin Liu
- d College of Stomatology ; Lanzhou University ; Lanzhou , China
| | - Guoying Miao
- a Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine ; Institute of Modern Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou , China.,b Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province ; Lanzhou , China
| | - Lu Gan
- a Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine ; Institute of Modern Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou , China.,b Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province ; Lanzhou , China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- a Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine ; Institute of Modern Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou , China.,b Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province ; Lanzhou , China
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8
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Relative Biological Effectiveness of Energetic Heavy Ions for Intestinal Tumorigenesis Shows Male Preponderance and Radiation Type and Energy Dependence in APC1638N/+ Mice. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016; 95:131-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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9
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Abe T, Kazama Y, Hirano T. Ion Beam Breeding and Gene Discovery for Function Analyses Using Mutants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2015.1104130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Sakashita T, Hamada N, Kawaguchi I, Hara T, Kobayashi Y, Saito K. A branching process model for the analysis of abortive colony size distributions in carbon ion-irradiated normal human fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2014; 55:423-431. [PMID: 24501383 PMCID: PMC4014152 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrt129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A single cell can form a colony, and ionizing irradiation has long been known to reduce such a cellular clonogenic potential. Analysis of abortive colonies unable to continue to grow should provide important information on the reproductive cell death (RCD) following irradiation. Our previous analysis with a branching process model showed that the RCD in normal human fibroblasts can persist over 16 generations following irradiation with low linear energy transfer (LET) γ-rays. Here we further set out to evaluate the RCD persistency in abortive colonies arising from normal human fibroblasts exposed to high-LET carbon ions (18.3 MeV/u, 108 keV/µm). We found that the abortive colony size distribution determined by biological experiments follows a linear relationship on the log-log plot, and that the Monte Carlo simulation using the RCD probability estimated from such a linear relationship well simulates the experimentally determined surviving fraction and the relative biological effectiveness (RBE). We identified the short-term phase and long-term phase for the persistent RCD following carbon-ion irradiation, which were similar to those previously identified following γ-irradiation. Taken together, our results suggest that subsequent secondary or tertiary colony formation would be invaluable for understanding the long-lasting RCD. All together, our framework for analysis with a branching process model and a colony formation assay is applicable to determination of cellular responses to low- and high-LET radiation, and suggests that the long-lasting RCD is a pivotal determinant of the surviving fraction and the RBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Sakashita
- Microbeam Radiation Biology Group, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), 2-11-1 Iwado-kita, Komae, Tokyo 201-8511, Japan
| | - Isao Kawaguchi
- Regulatory Science Research Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hara
- Division of Translational Research for Drug Discovery, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kobayashi
- Microbeam Radiation Biology Group, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Kimiaki Saito
- Fukushima Environmental Safety Center, JAEA, 2-2-2 Uchisaiwai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 100-0011, Japan
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11
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Aoki-Nakano M, Furusawa Y. Misrepair of DNA double-strand breaks after exposure to heavy-ion beams causes a peak in the LET-RBE relationship with respect to cell killing in DT40 cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2013; 54:1029-1035. [PMID: 23722078 PMCID: PMC3823785 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrt064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To determine the radiobiological mechanisms underlying relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and the repair efficiencies of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) as a function of linear energy transfer (LET), we exposed cells of the chicken B-lymphocyte cell line DT40 and its DSB repair pathway-deficient derivatives to heavy-ion beams produced at the Heavy-Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), Chiba, Japan. The relationship between LET and cell lethality was investigated in the DNA DSB repair gene knockouts Ku70(-/-), Rad54(-/-), and Ku70(-/-)Rad54(-/-), and in the wild-type cells. We found that cell-cycle stage and activity of the DNA DSB repair pathways influence LET-mediated biological effects. An expected LET-RBE relationship was observed in the cells capable of DNA repair, but no peak was found in the RBE with respect to cell survival in the Ku70(-/-)Rad54(-/-) cells or in Ku70(-/-) cells in the G1 and early S cell-cycle phases (when no sister chromatids were present and homologous recombination could not occur). These findings suggest that the peak in RBE is caused by deficient repair of the DNA DSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Aoki-Nakano
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Furusawa
- Research Center for Particle Therapy, and International Open Laboratories, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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12
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Yang Y, Gao F, Zhang H, Hunag Y, Zhang P, Liu C, Li B, Cai J. Molecular hydrogen protects human lymphocyte AHH-1 cells against 12C6+ heavy ion radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2013; 89:1003-8. [PMID: 23786587 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.817704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the potential protective role of molecular hydrogen (H(2)) against (12)C(6+) heavy ion radiation, which is a major hazard for space travel and has been also widely used in heavy ion radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS H(2) was dissolved in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium under high pressure (0.4 Mpa) to a saturated level by using an apparatus produced by our department. A 2-[6-(4'-hydroxy) phenoxy-3H-xanthen-3-on-9-yl] benzoate (HPF) probe and a 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFH-DA) fluorescent dye were used to measure the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Cell apoptosis were determined by double-staining with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (Annexin V-FITC) and propidium iodide (PI) as well as a Hoechst 33342 staining method alternatively. Subsequently, cell cycle analysis was performed using a PI staining method and the expression of apoptotic protein was examined by Western blot. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated H(2) reduced ROS level in Human lymphocyte AHH-1 cells as well as in the radiolysis of water. Our data also showed H(2) attenuated (12)C(6+) radiation- induced cell apoptosis and also alleviated radiation-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. Heavy ion radiation-induced Caspase 3 activation was also inhibited by H(2) treatment. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these data showed that H(2) attenuated (12)C(6+) radiation-induced cell apoptosis through reducing the ROS level and modulating apoptotic molecules, thus indicating the potential of H(2) as a safe and effective radioprotectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyong Yang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , P. R. China
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Friedrich T, Scholz U, ElsäSser T, Durante M, Scholz M. Systematic analysis of RBE and related quantities using a database of cell survival experiments with ion beam irradiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2013; 54:494-514. [PMID: 23266948 PMCID: PMC3650740 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrs114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
For tumor therapy with light ions and for experimental aspects in particle radiobiology the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is an important quantity to describe the increased effectiveness of particle radiation. By establishing and analysing a database of ion and photon cell survival data, some remarkable properties of RBE-related quantities were observed. The database consists of 855 in vitro cell survival experiments after ion and photon irradiation. The experiments comprise curves obtained in different labs, using different ion species, different irradiation modalities, the whole range of accessible energies and linear energy transfers (LETs) and various cell types. Each survival curve has been parameterized using the linear-quadratic (LQ) model. The photon parameters, α and β, appear to be slightly anti-correlated, which might point toward an underlying biological mechanism. The RBE values derived from the survival curves support the known dependence of RBE on LET, on particle species and dose. A positive correlation of RBE with the ratio α/β of the photon LQ parameters is found at low doses, which unexpectedly changes to a negative correlation at high doses. Furthermore, we investigated the course of the β coefficient of the LQ model with increasing LET, finding typically a slight initial increase and a final falloff to zero. The observed fluctuations in RBE values of comparable experiments resemble overall RBE uncertainties, which is of relevance for treatment planning. The database can also be used for extensive testing of RBE models. We thus compare simulations with the local effect model to achieve this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Friedrich
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Corresponding author. Tel: +49 (0)6159-71-1340; Fax: +49 (0)6159-71-2106; E-mail:
| | - Uwe Scholz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thilo ElsäSser
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marco Durante
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Scholz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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14
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Di CX, Yang LN, Zhang H, An LZ, Zhang X, Ma XF, Sun C, Wang XH, Yang R, Wu ZH, Si J. Effects of carbon-ion beam or X-ray irradiation on anti-apoptosis ΔNp73 expression in HeLa cells. Gene 2012; 515:208-13. [PMID: 23228853 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
ΔNp73 has emerged as an interesting novel factor in cancer research. Here, we report the effect of carbon-ion beams on ΔNp73 expression in human cervix carcinoma HeLa cells in contrast to the effect of X-rays. Cellular sensitivities were determined by colony formation. Radiation-induced cell cycle arrest was investigated with flow cytometry. Additionally, radiation-induced apoptosis was analyzed with flow cytometry and Hoechst staining. Furthermore, ΔNp73 expression was examined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (semi-quantitative RT-PCR) as well as by Western blot analysis. Following irradiation, stronger G2/M phase arrest, more significant increase in apoptosis and more pronounced ΔNp73 degradation were observed after exposure to high-LET carbon beams in comparison with X-rays at 4 Gy doses. These observations indicate that there is a differential ΔNp73 expression in response to different LET radiations, and down-regulated ΔNp73 expression might play a critical role in promoting cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. This study highlights the potential of ΔNp73 in radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Xia Di
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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15
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Wang B, Ninomiya Y, Tanaka K, Maruyama K, Varès G, Eguchi-Kasai K, Nenoi M. Adaptive response of low linear energy transfer X-rays for protection against high linear energy transfer accelerated heavy ion-induced teratogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 95:379-85. [PMID: 23109298 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive response (AR) of low linear energy transfer (LET) irradiations for protection against teratogenesis induced by high LET irradiations is not well documented. In this study, induction of AR by X-rays against teratogenesis induced by accelerated heavy ions was examined in fetal mice. METHODS Irradiations of pregnant C57BL/6J mice were performed by delivering a priming low dose from X-rays at 0.05 or 0.30 Gy on gestation day 11 followed one day later by a challenge high dose from either X-rays or accelerated heavy ions. Monoenergetic beams of carbon, neon, silicon, and iron with the LET values of about 15, 30, 55, and 200 keV/μm, respectively, were examined. Significant suppression of teratogenic effects (fetal death, malformation of live fetuses, or low body weight) was used as the endpoint for judgment of a successful AR induction. RESULTS Existence of AR induced by low-LET X-rays against teratogenic effect induced by high-LET accelerated heavy ions was demonstrated. The priming low dose of X-rays significantly reduced the occurrence of prenatal fetal death, malformation, and/or low body weight induced by the challenge high dose from either X-rays or accelerated heavy ions of carbon, neon or silicon but not iron particles. CONCLUSIONS Successful AR induction appears to be a radiation quality event, depending on the LET value and/or the particle species of the challenge irradiations. These findings would provide a new insight into the study on radiation-induced AR in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Radiation Risk Reduction Research Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
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16
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Suman S, Datta K, Trani D, Laiakis EC, Strawn SJ, Fornace AJ. Relative biological effectiveness of 12C and 28Si radiation in C57BL/6J mice. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2012; 51:303-9. [PMID: 22562428 PMCID: PMC4208103 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-012-0418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Study of heavy ion radiation-induced effects on mice could provide insight into the human health risks of space radiation exposure. The purpose of the present study is to assess the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of (12)C and (28)Si ion radiation, which has not been reported previously in the literature. Female C57BL/6J mice (n = 15) were irradiated using 4-8 Gy of (28)Si (300 MeV/nucleon energy; LET 70 keV/μm) and 5-8 Gy of (12)C (290 MeV/nucleon energy; LET 13 keV/μm) ions. Post-exposure, mice were monitored regularly, and their survival observed for 30 days. The LD(50/30) dose (the dose at which 50 % lethality occurred by 30-day post-exposure) was calculated from the survival curve and was used to determine the RBE of (28)Si and (12)C in relation to γ radiation. The LD(50/30) for (28)Si and (12)C ion is 5.17 and 7.34 Gy, respectively, and the RBE in relation to γ radiation (LD(50/30)-7.25 Gy) is 1.4 for (28)Si and 0.99 for (12)C. Determination of RBE of (28)Si and (12)C for survival in mice is not only important for space radiation risk estimate studies, but it also has implications for HZE radiation in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Suman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Room E504 Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC 20057-1468, USA
| | - Kamal Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Room E504 Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC 20057-1468, USA
- Corresponding authors: Albert J. Fornace Jr., M.D., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology and Lombardi, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Room E504 Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC 20057-1468, USA, Phone: 202 687-7843, Fax: 202 687 3140, & Kamal Datta, M.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Research Building, Room E518, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC 20057-1468, USA; Phone: 202-687-7956;
| | - Daniela Trani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Room E504 Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC 20057-1468, USA
| | - Evagelia C. Laiakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Room E504 Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC 20057-1468, USA
| | - Steven J. Strawn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Room E504 Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC 20057-1468, USA
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Room E504 Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC 20057-1468, USA
- Center of Excellence In Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SA
- Corresponding authors: Albert J. Fornace Jr., M.D., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology and Lombardi, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Room E504 Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC 20057-1468, USA, Phone: 202 687-7843, Fax: 202 687 3140, & Kamal Datta, M.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Research Building, Room E518, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC 20057-1468, USA; Phone: 202-687-7956;
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17
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Yoshida Y, Suzuki Y, Al-Jahdari WS, Hamada N, Funayama T, Shirai K, Katoh H, Sakashita T, Kobayashi Y, Nakano T. Evaluation of the relative biological effectiveness of carbon ion beams in the cerebellum using the rat organotypic slice culture system. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2012; 53:87-92. [PMID: 22302049 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.11139a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values of carbon ion (C) beams in normal brain tissues, a rat organotypic slice culture system was used. The cerebellum was dissected from 10-day-old Wistar rats, cut parasagittally into approximately 600-µm-thick slices and cultivated using a membrane-based culture system with a liquid-air interface. Slices were irradiated with 140 kV X-rays and 18.3 MeV/amu C-beams (linear energy transfer = 108 keV/µm). After irradiation, the slices were evaluated histopathologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and apoptosis was quantified using the TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Disorganization of the external granule cell layer (EGL) and apoptosis of the external granule cells (EGCs) were induced within 24 h after exposure to doses of more than 5 Gy from C-beams and X-rays. In the early postnatal cerebellum, morphological changes following exposure to C-beams were similar to those following exposure to X-rays. The RBEs values of C-beams using the EGL disorganization and the EGC TUNEL index endpoints ranged from 1.4 to 1.5. This system represents a useful model for assaying the biological effects of radiation on the brain, especially physiological and time-dependent phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Yoshida
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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18
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Paul P, Bansal P, Nayak PG, Pannakal ST, Priyadarsini KI, Unnikrishnan MK. Polyphenolic fraction of Pilea microphylla (L.) protects Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts against γ-radiation-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 33:107-119. [PMID: 22196050 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Present study was designed to compare cytoprotective and antigenotoxic activity of the polyphenolic fraction of Pilea microphylla (PM1) with that of its active polyphenolic constituents against γ-radiation in V79 cells. PM1 was standardized with respect to the polyphenols present by RP-HPLC. It was evaluated for its free radical scavenging potential using Fenton reaction-induced DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. Further, PM1 was subjected against γ-radiation-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in V79 cells. PM1 significantly reduced free radical-mediated calf thymus DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. Among the concentrations tested (12.5, 25 and 50 μg/ml) for radioprotection, PM1 at 25 μg/ml exhibited maximum protection. Further, when compared with constituent polyphenols viz., rutin, quercetin and chlorogenic acid (concentrations equivalent to that present in PM1-25 μg/ml), a combination of polyphenols was found most effective in preventing γ-radiation-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. To conclude, radioprotection is possibly a synergistic effect of the phytochemicals present in the herbal extract, rather than any single component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piya Paul
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
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19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro RBE values for various high LET radiation types have been determined for many different cell types. Occasionally it is criticized that RBE for a given endpoint cannot be single-value dependent on LET alone, but also on particle species, due to the different dose deposition profiles on microscopic scale. Hence LET is not sufficient as a predictor of RBE, and this is one of the motivations for development of radiobiological models which explicitly depend on the detailed particle energy spectrum of the applied radiation field. The aim of the present study is to summarize the available data in the literature regarding the dependency of RBE on LET for different particles. METHOD As RBE is highly dependent on cell type and endpoint, we discriminated the RBE-LET relationship for the three investigated cell lines and at the same endpoint (10% survival in colony formation). Data points were collected from 20, four and four publications for V79, CHO and T1, respectively, in total covering 228 RBE values from a broad range of particle species. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION All RBE-LET data points demonstrate surprising agreement within the general error band formed by the numerous data points, and display the expected RBE peak at around 100-200 keV/μm. For all three cell lines, the influence of varying the particle type on the RBE was far from obvious, compared to the general experimental noise. Therefore, a dependence of particle type cannot be concluded, and LET alone in fact does seem to be an adequate parameter for describing RBE at 10% survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brita Singers Sørensen
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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20
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Hirayama R, Uzawa A, Matsumoto Y, Noguchi M, Kase Y, Takase N, Ito A, Koike S, Ando K, Okayasu R, Furusawa Y. Induction of DNA DSB and its rejoining in clamped and non-clamped tumours after exposure to carbon ion beams in comparison to X rays. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2011; 143:508-512. [PMID: 21148587 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We studied double-strand breaks (DSB) induction and rejoining in clamped and non-clamped transplanted tumours in mice leg after exposure to 80 keV µm(-1) carbon ions and X rays. The yields of DSB in the tumours were analysed by a static-field gel electrophoresis. The OER of DSB after X rays was 1.68±0.31, and this value was not changed after 1 h rejoining time (1.40±0.26). These damages in oxygenated conditions were rejoined 60-70% within 1 h in situ. No difference was found between the exposure to X rays and carbon ions for the induction and rejoining of DSB. Thus, the values of OER and rejoined fraction after exposure to carbon ions were similar to those after X rays, and the calculated relative biological effectivenesses of carbon ion were around 1 under both oxygen conditions. The yields of DSB in vivo depend on exposure doses, oxygen conditions and rejoining time, but not on the types of radiation quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hirayama
- Heavy-ion Radiobiology Research Group, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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21
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Kaminuma T, Suzuki Y, Shirai K, Mizui T, Noda SE, Yoshida Y, Funayama T, Takahashi T, Kobayashi Y, Shirao T, Nakano T. Effectiveness of carbon-ion beams for apoptosis induction in rat primary immature hippocampal neurons. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2010; 51:627-631. [PMID: 20940520 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.10050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The direct biological effects of radiation, particularly accelerated heavy particle ions, on neurons are not fully known. Hence, the direct effect of carbon-ion beams on immature neurons was investigated by comparing to the effect of X-rays in vitro using primary hippocampal neurons. Primary neurons were prepared from hippocampi of fetal rats at embryonic day 18 from timed pregnant Wistar rats and cultured with Banker's methods. At 7 Days In Vitro (DIV), the cells were irradiated with 140 kV X-ray and 18.3 MeV/amu carbon-ion beams (LET = 108 keV/µm). The cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde at 12 hours after irradiation. Then, the cells were treated with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and DAPI staining for measuring the percentage of apoptosis (apoptotic index: AI). AI in sham-irradiated hippocampal neurons was 18%. The value of AI (AIs) of the cells irradiated with X-rays at 10 or 30 Gy were 15% or 23%, respectively. AI in cells irradiated with carbon-ion beams at 1 Gy, 3 Gy, 5 Gy and 10 Gy were 22%, 23%, 24% and 33%, respectively. AI was significantly increased by carbon-ion beams at 10 Gy (p < 0.001). The apoptosis of hippocampal neurons increased in a dose-dependent manner following both X-ray and carbon-ion beams irradiation. Carbon-ion beams were about 10-fold more effective than X-rays for apoptosis induction in immature hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kaminuma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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22
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Rejoining kinetics of G1-PCC breaks induced by different heavy-ion beams with a similar LET value. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2010; 701:47-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hamada N, Imaoka T, Masunaga SI, Ogata T, Okayasu R, Takahashi A, Kato TA, Kobayashi Y, Ohnishi T, Ono K, Shimada Y, Teshima T. Recent advances in the biology of heavy-ion cancer therapy. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2010; 51:365-383. [PMID: 20679739 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.09137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Superb biological effectiveness and dose conformity represent a rationale for heavy-ion therapy, which has thus far achieved good cancer controllability while sparing critical normal organs. Immediately after irradiation, heavy ions produce dense ionization along their trajectories, cause irreparable clustered DNA damage, and alter cellular ultrastructure. These ions, as a consequence, inactivate cells more effectively with less cell-cycle and oxygen dependence than conventional photons. The modes of heavy ion-induced cell death/inactivation include apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, premature senescence, accelerated differentiation, delayed reproductive death of progeny cells, and bystander cell death. This paper briefly reviews the current knowledge of the biological aspects of heavy-ion therapy, with emphasis on the authors' recent findings. The topics include (i) repair mechanisms of heavy ion-induced DNA damage, (ii) superior effects of heavy ions on radioresistant tumor cells (intratumor quiescent cell population, TP53-mutated and BCL2-overexpressing tumors), (iii) novel capacity of heavy ions in suppressing cancer metastasis and neoangiogenesis, and (iv) potential of heavy ions to induce secondary (especially breast) cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Hamada
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Komae, Tokyo, Japan.
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25
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Meijer AE, Jernberg ARM, Heiden T, Stenerlöw B, Persson LM, Tilly N, Lind BK, Edgren MR. Dose and time dependent apoptotic response in a human melanoma cell line exposed to accelerated boron ions at four different LET. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 81:261-72. [PMID: 16019936 DOI: 10.1080/09553000500141215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate and compare the influence of linear energy transfer (LET), dose and time on the induction of apoptosis in a human melanoma cell line exposed to accelerated light boron ((10)B) ions and photons. Cells were exposed in vitro to doses up to 6 Gy accelerated boron ions (40, 80, 125 and 160 eV nm(-1)) and up to 12 Gy photons (0.2 eV nm(-1)). The induction of apoptosis was measured up to 9 days after irradiation using morphological characterization of apoptotic cells and bodies. In parallel, measurements of cell-cycle distribution, monitored by DNA flow cytometry, and cell survival based on the clonogenic cell survival assay, were performed. In addition, the induction and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were studied. Accelerated boron ions induced a significant increase in apoptosis as compared with photons at all time points studied. At 1-5 h the percentage of radiation-induced apoptotic cells increased with both dose and LET. At the later time points (24-216 h) the apoptotic response was more complex and did not increase in a strictly LET-dependent manner. The early premitotic apoptotic cells disappeared at 24 h following exposure to the highest LET (160 eV nm(-1)). A postmitotic apoptotic response was seen after release of the dose-, time- and LET-dependent G2/M accumulations. The loss of clonogenic ability was dose- and LET-dependent and the fraction of un-rejoined DSB increased with increasing LET. Despite the LET-dependent clonogenic cell killing, it was not possible to measure quantitatively a LET-dependent apoptotic response. This was due to the different time course of appearance and disappearance of apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Meijer
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Division of Medical Radiation Physics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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26
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Takahashi A, Matsumoto H, Furusawa Y, Ohnishi K, Ishioka N, Ohnishi T. Apoptosis induced by high-LET radiations is not affected by cellular p53 gene status. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 81:581-6. [PMID: 16298939 DOI: 10.1080/09553000500280484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To learn more about the biological effects of high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiations, we examined radiation-induced apoptosis in response to high-LET radiations in cells with wild-type, mutated and null p53 gene. Three human lung cancer cell lines were used. These lines had identical genotypes, except for the p53 gene. Cells were exposed to X-rays or high-LET radiations (13 - 200 keV microm(-1)) using different nuclei ion beams. Cellular radiation sensitivities were determined with the use of colony-forming assays. Apoptosis was detected and quantified using Hoechst 33342 staining with fluorescence microscopy. It was found that (1) there was no significant difference in cellular sensitivity to high-LET radiation (>85 keV microm(-1)), although the sensitivity of wild-type p53 cells to X-rays was higher than that of mutated p53 or p53-null cells; (2) X-ray-induced apoptosis at higher frequencies in wild-type p53 cells when compared with mutated p53 and p53-null cells; and (3) Fe beams (200 keV microm(-1)) induced apoptosis in a p53-independent manner. The results indicate that high-LET radiations induces apoptosis in human lung cancer cells in a manner that does not seem to depend on the p53 gene status of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Takahashi
- Department of Biology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
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27
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Sasaki MS. Advances in the biophysical and molecular bases of radiation cytogenetics. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 85:26-47. [PMID: 19205983 DOI: 10.1080/09553000802641185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE For more than 70 years radiation cytogenetics has continued to be a topic of major concern in relation to the action of radiation on living cells. To date, diverse cytogenetic findings have developed into orderly, quantitative interpretations and have stimulated numerous biophysical models. However, it is generally agreed that any one of the models used alone is still unable to explain all aspects of the observed chromosomal effects. In this review, a large number of radiation-induced chromosome aberration findings from the literature are reassessed with special attention given to the reaction kinetics and the relevant molecular processes. CONCLUSION It is now clear that DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are an integral component of radiation-induced chromosome aberration. At the nexus of the maintenance of genome integrity, cells are equipped with excellent systems to repair DSB, notably non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination repair (HRR). These repair mechanisms are strictly regulated along with the DNA turnover cycle. NHEJ functions in all phases of the cell cycle, whereas HRR has a supplementary role specifically in S/G2 phase, where homologous DNA sequences are available in close proximity. The repair pathways are further regulated by a complex nuclear dynamism, where DSB are sensed and large numbers of repair proteins are recruited and assembled to form a repair complex involving multiple DSB. Considering such DSB repair dynamism, radiation-induced chromosome aberrations could be well understood as DSB-DSB pairwise interactions associated with the NHEJ pathway in all phases of the cell cycle and misrepair of a single DSB associated with the complementary HRR pathway in late S/G2 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Sasaki
- Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
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TODOROVIĆ D, PETROVIĆ I, TODOROVIĆ M, CUTTONE G, RISTIĆ-FIRA A. Early effects of gamma rays and protons on human melanoma cell viability and morphology. J Microsc 2008; 232:517-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2008.02151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Tsuruoka C, Suzuki M, Hande MP, Furusawa Y, Anzai K, Okayasu R. The difference in LET and ion species dependence for induction of initially measured and non-rejoined chromatin breaks in normal human fibroblasts. Radiat Res 2008; 170:163-71. [PMID: 18666815 DOI: 10.1667/rr1279.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We studied the LET and ion species dependence of the induction of chromatin breaks measured immediately after irradiation as initially measured breaks and after 24 h postirradiation incubation (37 degrees C) as non-rejoined breaks in normal human fibroblasts with different heavy ions, such as carbon, neon, silicon and iron, generated by the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) at the National Institute of Radiological Science (NIRS). Chromatin breaks were measured as an excess number of fragments of prematurely condensed chromosomes using premature chromosome condensation (PCC). The results showed that the number of excess fragments per cell per Gy for initially measured chromatin breaks was dependent on LET in the range from 13.3 to 113.1 keV/mum but was not dependent on ion species. On the other hand, the number of non-rejoined chromatin breaks detected after 24 h postirradiation incubation was clearly dependent on both LET and ion species. No significant difference was observed in the cross section for initially measured breaks, but a statistically significant difference was observed in the cross section for non-rejoined breaks among carbon, neon, silicon and iron ions. This suggests that the LET-dependent structure in the biological effects is reflected in biological consequences of repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizuru Tsuruoka
- Heavy-ion Radiobiology Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Chiba, Japan
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Hamada N, Hara T, Omura-Minamisawa M, Funayama T, Sakashita T, Sora S, Nakano T, Kobayashi Y. The survival of heavy ion-irradiated Bcl-2 overexpressing radioresistant tumor cells and their progeny. Cancer Lett 2008; 268:76-81. [PMID: 18450372 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2007] [Revised: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Here, we investigated the cell killing effectiveness of heavy-ion radiation in Bcl-2 overexpressing radioresistant tumor cells. First, irradiated cells underwent primary colony formation. Radioresistance decreased with increasing linear energy transfer (LET), indicating that heavy ions may be a promising therapeutic modality for Bcl-2 overexpressing tumors. Second, cells in primary colonies were reseeded for secondary colony formation. The incidence of delayed reproductive death increased with LET irrespective of Bcl-2 overexpression, suggesting that Bcl-2 overexpression may not facilitate heavy ion-induced genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Hamada
- Department of Quantum Biology, Division of Bioregulatory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 370-1292, Japan.
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Groesser T, Chun E, Rydberg B. Relative Biological Effectiveness of High-Energy Iron Ions for Micronucleus Formation at Low Doses. Radiat Res 2007; 168:675-82. [DOI: 10.1667/rr0967.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tsuboi K, Moritake T, Tsuchida Y, Tokuuye K, Matsumura A, Ando K. Cell cycle checkpoint and apoptosis induction in glioblastoma cells and fibroblasts irradiated with carbon beam. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2007; 48:317-25. [PMID: 17548940 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.06081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to evaluate the cytotoxicity of high linear-energy-transfer (LET) ionizing radiation (IR) on glioblastoma cells and fibroblasts using different modes of cell inactivation assays. Two human glioblastoma cell lines with or without p53-mutation, and fibroblasts were used as materials. Gamma rays and 290 MeV/u carbon beams with LET values of 20, 40, 80 keV/mum were used. To evaluate cell inactivation, we used colony formation assay, morphological detection of apoptosis, and flow-cytometry. Serial expressions of p53 and p21 were analyzed by immunoblotting. High-LET IR reduced the reproductive potency of these cells to identical levels in spite of differences in gamma-sensitivity, and yield of cell death correlated to LET values. A p53-wild-type glioblastoma cell line demonstrated a higher yield of apoptosis than other cell lines, whereas fibroblasts hardly displayed any cell death indicating senescence-like growth arrest even after high LET IR. A p53-mutant tumor cell line demonstrated very low yield of cell death with prominent G2/M arrest. Results of radiosensitivity differ according to what mode of cell inactivation is selected. While fibroblasts depend on G1 block after IR, G2/M blocks may play crucial roles in the radioresistance of p53-mutant glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Tsuboi
- Proton Medical Research Center, Doctoral Program in Advanced Biomedical Applications, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba.
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Pathak R, Dey SK, Sarma A, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Cell killing, nuclear damage and apoptosis in Chinese hamster V79 cells after irradiation with heavy-ion beams of (16)O, (12)C and (7)Li. Mutat Res 2007; 632:58-68. [PMID: 17532254 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 04/07/2007] [Accepted: 04/14/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chinese hamster V79 cells were exposed to high LET (linear energy transfer) (16)O-beam (625keV/mum) radiation in the dose range of 0-9.83Gy. Cell survival, micronuclei (MN), chromosomal aberrations (CA) and induction of apoptosis were studied as a follow up of our earlier study on high LET radiations ((7)Li-beam of 60keV/mum and (12)C-beam of 295keV/mum) as well as (60)Co gamma-rays. Dose dependent decline in surviving fraction was noticed along with the increase of MN frequency, CA frequency as well as percentage of apoptosis as detected by nuclear fragmentation assay. The relative intensity of DNA ladder, which is a useful marker for the determination of the extent of apoptosis induction, was also increased in a dose dependent manner. Additionally, expression of tyrosine kinase lck-1 gene, which plays an important role in response to ionizing radiation induced apoptosis, was increased with the increase of radiation doses and also with incubation time. The present study showed that all the high LET radiations were generally more effective in cell killing and inflicting other cytogenetic damages than that of low LET gamma-rays. The dose response curves revealed that (7)Li-beam was most effective in cell killing as well as inducing other nuclear damages followed by (12)C, (16)O and (60)Co gamma-rays, in that order. The result of this study may have some application in biological dosimetry for assessment of genotoxicity in heavy ion exposed subjects and in determining suitable doses for radiotherapy in cancer patients where various species of heavy ions are now being generally used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Pathak
- Department of Biotechnology, West Bengal University of Technology, Salt Lake Sector-I, Kolkata 700064, India
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Min FL, Zhang H, Li WJ, Gao QX, Zhou GM. Effect of exogenous wild-type p53 on melanoma cell death pathways induced by irradiation at different linear energy transfer. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2006; 41:284-8. [PMID: 16409115 DOI: 10.1290/0505029r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of exogenous wild-type p53 on the radiation-induced cells apoptosis and necrosis at different levels of linear energy transfer (LET) to evaluate its mechanisms. The human melanoma cell line A375, which bears wild-type p53 gene status, was used, as well as the transfectant A375 cells (A375/p53) with adenoviral vector containing the wild-type p53 gene. We exposed these cells to X-rays and to accelerated carbon-ion (C-) beams. Cellular sensitivities were determined by using clonogenic assay. Apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths were determined morphologically by dual staining (acridine orange and ethidium bromide) using fluorescence microscopy. We discovered that (1) there was no significant difference in survival fraction between A375 cells and A375/p53 cells irradiated by C-beams with greater than 32 KeV/microm LET, (2) although apoptosis in the two kinds of cells increased in an LET-dependent manner, exogenous wild-type P53 induced cell apoptosis efficiently in A375/p53 relative to A375 cells with X-rays or high-LET irradiation, and (3) by high-LET irradiation, the number of necrosis in A375 cells increased significantly (P < 0.05) in comparison with A375/p53 cells. These results indicate that in high-LET irradiation apoptosis induction is p53 dependent partly and exogenous wild-type P53 plays an important role in modulating cell death type, although there was no significant difference in cellular radiosensitivities. Our observation in the study offers the potential application of high-LET radiation combined with p53 in the management of human patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ling Min
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, Gansu province 730000, People's Republic of China
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Tsuruoka C, Suzuki M, Kanai T, Fujitaka K. LET and ion species dependence for cell killing in normal human skin fibroblasts. Radiat Res 2005; 163:494-500. [PMID: 15850410 DOI: 10.1667/rr3360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We studied the LET and ion species dependence of the RBE for cell killing to clarify the differences in the biological effects caused by the differences in the track structure that result from the different energy depositions for different ions. Normal human skin fibroblasts were irradiated with heavy-ion beams such as carbon, neon, silicon and iron ions that were generated by the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) at the National Institute of Radiological Science (NIRS) in Japan. Cell killing was measured as reproductive cell death using a colony formation assay. The RBE-LET curves were different for carbon ions and for the other ions. The curve for carbon ions increased steeply up to around 98 keV/microm. The RBE of carbon ions at 98 keV/microm was 4.07. In contrast, the curves for neon, silicon and iron ions had maximum peaks around 180 keV/microm, and the RBEs at the peak position ranged from 3.03 to 3.39. When the RBEs were plotted as a function of Z*2/beta2 (where Z* is the effective charge and beta is the relative velocity of the ion) instead of LET, the discrepancies between the RBE-LET curves for the different ion beams were reduced, but branching of the RBE-Z*2/beta2 curves still remained. When the inactivation cross section was plotted as a function of either LET or Z*2/beta2, it increased with increasing LET. However, the inactivation cross section was always smaller than the geometrical cross section. These results suggest that the differences in the energy deposition track structures of the different ion sources have an effect on cell killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizuru Tsuruoka
- International Space Radiation Laboratory, National Institute Radiological Sciences, Anagawa, Chiba, Japan
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Takahashi A, Matsumoto H, Yuki K, Yasumoto JI, Kajiwara A, Aoki M, Furusawa Y, Ohnishi K, Ohnishi T. High-LET radiation enhanced apoptosis but not necrosis regardless of p53 status. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 60:591-7. [PMID: 15380596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2003] [Revised: 05/18/2004] [Accepted: 05/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We analyzed the death pattern of human lung cancer cells harboring different p53 statuses after irradiation with different levels of linear energy transfer (LET). METHODS AND MATERIALS We used three kinds of human lung cancer cell lines with identical genotypes, except for the p53 gene. These cells were exposed to X-rays or accelerated carbon-ion beams. The cellular sensitivities were determined by a colony-forming assay. The detection and quantification of cell death (apoptosis and necrosis) were evaluated and compared by acridine orange/ethidium bromide double staining for fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS We found that (1) there was no significant difference in cellular sensitivity to LET radiation >70 KeV/microm, although wild-type p53 cell sensitivity to X-rays was higher than that of mutated p53 or p53-null cells; (2) low-LET radiation effectively induced apoptosis in wild-type p53 cells as compared with mutated p53 and p53-null cells; and (3) high-LET radiation induced p53-independent apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that high-LET radiotherapy is expected to be a valid application for patients carrying mutated p53 cancer cells. We proposed that the elucidation of the p53-independent apoptosis-related genes might provide new insights into radiotherapy for cancer.
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Hayashi H, Wada S, Funayama T, Narumi I, Kobayashi Y, Watanabe H, Furuta M, Uehara K. Evaluation of the Resistance of Euglena gracilis to Ion Beam Radiation. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2004; 51:321-4. [PMID: 15218701 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2004.tb00573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The resistance of Euglena (E.) gracilis to ionizing radiation was investigated using seven kinds of ion beams each with different energy characteristics. The minimum effective dose of the most lethal ion beams was 40 Gy. Given its substantially high resistance to heavy ion beams, E. gracilis possesses great potential in acting as an effective support system to produce food and regenerate oxygen in a space station. The lethal effect of ionizing radiation was dependent on the linear energy transfer value of the heavy ion beams, and reached a maximum at 196 keV/micron. This value was different from those obtained by previous irradiation experiments using mammalian and plant cells, suggesting that the radiation response of E. gracilis is distinct from that of mammalian and plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Hayashi
- Research Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Osaka Prefecture University, Department of Ion-beam-applied Biology, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI), Japan
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Yokota Y, Hase Y, Shikazono N, Tanaka A, Inoue M. LET dependence of lethality of carbon ion irradiation to single tobacco cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2003; 79:681-5. [PMID: 14555351 DOI: 10.1080/09553000310001622832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the radiation sensitivity and relationship between linear energy transfer (LET) and relative biological effectiveness (RBE) in single plant cells irradiated with heavy ions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single cells were isolated from the tobacco BY-2 cell line and irradiated with carbon ions (78.6-309 keV microm(-1)) and gamma-rays (0.2 keV microm(-1)). Two weeks after irradiation, colonies with 16 cells or more derived from the irradiated cells were counted as survivors. The surviving fraction was fitted using the single-hit, multitarget theory. RESULTS The doses needed to reduce the surviving fraction of the cells to 0.1 (D10) of gamma-rays and carbon ions were 47.2 and 10.5-12.6 Gy, respectively. The RBE based on the D10 peaked at an LET of 247 keV microm(-1). The inactivation cross-section of carbon ions reached a plateau of 11.3 microm2 at an LET of 247 keV microm(-1). CONCLUSIONS The radiation sensitivity of single tobacco cells was much lower than that of mammalian cells, although the mean number of base pairs per chromosome in the two cell types was similar. The RBE peak based on the D10 of carbon ions in single tobacco cells occurred at a higher LET than it does in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yokota
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto Prefectural University, Hangi-machi 1-5, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522 Japan
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Wu H, Furusawa Y, George K, Kawata T, Cucinotta FA. Analysis of unrejoined chromosomal breakage in human fibroblast cells exposed to low- and high-LET radiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2002; 43 Suppl:S181-S185. [PMID: 12793755 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.43.s181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Reported studies of DNA breakage induced by radiation of various qualities have generally shown a higher fraction of unrejoined residual breaks after high-LET exposure. This observation is supported by the argument that high-LET radiation induced DNA breaks that are more complex in nature and, thus, less likely to be repaired. In most cases the doses used in these studies were very high. We have studied unrejoined chromosome breaks by analyzing chromosome aberrations using a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique with a combination of whole chromosome specific probes and probes specific for the telomere region of the chromosomes. Confluent human fibroblast cells (AG1522) were irradiated with gamma rays, 490 MeV/nucleon Si, or with Fe ions at either 200 and 500 MeV/nucleon, and were allowed to repair at 37 degrees C for 24 hours after exposure. A chemically induced premature chromosome condensation (PCC) technique was used to condense chromosomes in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Results showed that the frequency of unrejoined chromosome breaks was higher after high-LET radiation, and the ratio of unrejoined to misrejoined chromosome breaks increased steadily with LET up a peak value at 440 keV/microm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglu Wu
- Wyle Laboratories, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Ritter S, Nasonova E, Furusawa Y, Ando K. Relationship between aberration yield and mitotic delay in human lymphocytes exposed to 200 MeV/u Fe-ions or X-rays. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2002; 43 Suppl:S175-S179. [PMID: 12793754 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.43.s175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The time-course of Fe-ion (200 MeV/u, 440 keV/microm) and X-ray induced chromosomal damage was investigated in human lymphocytes. After cells were exposed in G0 and stimulated to grow, aberrations were measured in first-cycle metaphases harvested 48, 60 and 72 h post-irradiation. Additionally, lesions were analysed in G2 and mitotic (M) cells collected at 48 h using calyculin A-induced premature chromosome condensation (PCC). Following X-irradiation, similar aberration yields were found in all of the samples scored. In contrast, after Fe-ion exposure a drastic increase in the aberration frequency with sampling time was observed, i.e. cells arriving late at the first mitosis carried more aberrations than those arriving at earlier times. The PCC data indicate that the delayed entry of heavily damaged cells into mitosis observed after Fe-ion irradiation resulted from a prolonged arrest in G2. Altogether these experiments provide further evidence that in the case of high-LET exposure cell-cycle delays of severely damaged cells have to be taken into account for any meaningful quantification of chromosomal damage and, consequently, for an accurate estimate of the RBE.
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Walker JT, Todd P, Walker OA. Heritable non-lethal damage to cultured human cells irradiated with heavy ions. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2002; 43 Suppl:S187-S191. [PMID: 12793756 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.43.s187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED During interplanetary flights the nuclei of all of a crew member's cells could be traversed by at least one high-LET (Linear Energy Transfer) cosmic-ray particle. In mammalian cells irradiated in vitro about 1 in 10,000 of the surviving cells traversed by heavy particles is transformed to malignancy or mutated. What, if anything, happens to the remaining >99% of surviving cells? A retrospective analysis of archived data and samples from heavy-ion irradiation experiments with cultured human cells in vitro indicated that heavy ions caused a dose- and LET-dependent reduction in growth rates of progeny of irradiated cells, based on colony-size distributions. The maximum action cross section for this effect is between 100 and 300 microm2, at least as large as the cell nuclear area and up to 3 times the cross section for cell killing. Thus, heritable slow growth is the most prevalent effect of high-LET radiations on cultured animal cells, which may have implications for crew health during deep space travel. DISCLAIMER The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USEPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Walker
- U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Mail Code 8623-D, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, DC 20460, USA.
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Kotani E, Furusawa T, Nagaoka S, Nojima K, Fujii H, Sugimura Y, Ichida M, Suzuki E, Nagamatsu A, Todo T, Ikenaga M. Somatic mutation in larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, induced by heavy ion irradiation to diapause eggs. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2002; 43 Suppl:S193-S198. [PMID: 12793757 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.43.s193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate whether eggs of the black-striped strain (P(S)) of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, represent an appropriate model for estimating the biological effect of cosmic radiation, radiosensitivity of the eggs against X-rays and heavy ion particles was examined as ground-based experiments. The exposure of diapause eggs to X-rays or heavy ion particles resulted in somatic mutations appearing as a white spot on the black integument during larval stage. Irradiation of non-diapause eggs with X-rays demonstrated a significant difference in frequency of the mutation between fractionated and single administration doses, but no difference was observed in diapause eggs. Incidence of the mutation as induced by carbon ion beams for 15-day old eggs was higher for eggs that had been kept at 15 degrees C than those kept at 25 degrees C. Neon beam irradiation of diapause eggs displayed dose- and linear energy transfer (LET)-dependent effects, causing a maximal rate of the mutation at 150 keV/microm. These results confirm that B. mori eggs represent valid models for estimating the biological effects of cosmic radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kotani
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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Masunaga SI, Ono K, Takahashi A, Sakurai Y, Ohnishi K, Kobayashi T, Kinashi Y, Takagaki M, Ohnishi T. Impact of the p53 status of the tumor cells on the effect of reactor neutron beam irradiation, with emphasis on the response of intratumor quiescent cells. Jpn J Cancer Res 2002; 93:1366-77. [PMID: 12495477 PMCID: PMC5926926 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2002.tb01246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells transfected with mutant p53 (SAS/mp53) or with neo vector as a control (SAS/neo) were inoculated subcutaneously into both the hind legs of Balb/cA nude mice. Tumor-bearing mice received 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) continuously to label all proliferating (P) cells in the tumors. After administration of sodium borocaptate-10B (BSH) or p-boronophenylalanine-10B (BPA), the tumors were irradiated with neutron beams. The tumors not treated with 10B-compound were irradiated with neutron beams or gamma-rays. The tumors were then excised, minced and trypsinized. The tumor cell suspensions thus obtained were incubated with a cytokinesis blocker, and the micronucleus (MN) frequency in cells without BrdU labeling (=quiescent (Q) cells) was determined using immunofluorescence staining for BrdU. Meanwhile, 6 h after irradiation, tumor cell suspensions obtained in the same manner were used for determining the frequency of apoptosis in Q cells. The MN and apoptosis frequencies in total (P+Q) tumor cells were determined from the tumors that were not pretreated with BrdU. Without 10B-carriers, in both tumors, the relative biological effectiveness of neutrons was greater in Q cells than in total cells, and larger for low than high cadmium ratio neutrons. With 10B-carriers, the sensitivity was increased for each cell population, especially for total cells. BPA increased both frequencies for total cells more than BSH. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of Q cells treated with BPA was lower than that of BSH-treated Q cells. These sensitization patterns in combination with 10B-carriers were clearer in SAS/neo than in SAS/mp53 tumors. The p53 status of the tumor cells had the potential to affect the response to reactor neutron beam irradiation following 10B-carrier administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Masunaga
- Radiation Oncology Research Laboratory, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan.
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Suzuki S, Miura Y, Mizuno S, Furusawa Y. Models for mixed irradiation with a 'reciprocal-time' pattern of the repair function. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2002; 43:257-267. [PMID: 12518986 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.43.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Suzuki presented models for mixed irradiation with two and multiple types of radiation by extending the Zaider and Rossi model, which is based on the theory of dual radiation action. In these models, the repair function was simply assumed to be semi-logarithmically linear (i.e., monoexponential), or a first-order process, which has been experimentally contradicted. Fowler, however, suggested that the repair of radiation damage might be largely a second-order process rather than a first-order one, and presented data in support of this hypothesis. In addition, a second-order repair function is preferred to an n-exponential repair function for the reason that only one parameter is used in the former instead of 2n-1 parameters for the latter, although both repair functions show a good fit to the experimental data. However, according to a second-order repair function, the repair rate depends on the dose, which is incompatible with the experimental data. We, therefore, revised the models for mixed irradiation by Zaider and Rossi and by Suzuki, by substituting a 'reciprocal-time' pattern of the repair function, which is derived from the assumption that the repair rate is independent of the dose in a second-order repair function, for a first-order one in reduction and interaction factors of the models, although the underlying mechanism for this assumption cannot be well-explained. The reduction factor, which reduces the contribution of the square of a dose to cell killing in the linear-quadratic model and its derivatives, and the interaction factor, which also reduces the contribution of the interaction of two or more doses of different types of radiation, were formulated by using a 'reciprocal-time' pattern of the repair function. Cell survivals calculated from the older and the newly modified models were compared in terms of the dose-rate by assuming various types of single and mixed irradiation. The result implies that the newly modified models for mixed irradiation can express or predict cell survival more accurately than the older ones, especially when irradiation is prolonged at low dose rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shozo Suzuki
- Redox Regulation Research Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
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Koike S, Ando K, Oohira C, Fukawa T, Lee R, Takai N, Monobe M, Furusawa Y, Aoki M, Yamada S, Shimizu W, Nojima K, Majima H. Relative biological effectiveness of 290 MeV/u carbon ions for the growth delay of a radioresistant murine fibrosarcoma. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2002; 43:247-255. [PMID: 12518985 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.43.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for animal tumors treated with fractionated doses of 290 MeV/u carbon ions was studied. The growth delay of NFSa fibrosarcoma in mice was investigated following various daily doses given with carbon ions or those given with cesium gamma-rays, and the RBE was determined. Animal tumors were irradiated with carbon ions of various LET (linear energy transfer) in a 6-cm SOBP (spread-out Bragg peak), and the isoeffect doses; i.e. the dose necessary to induce a tumor growth delay of 15 days were studied. The iso-effect dose for carbon ions of 14 and 20 keV/microm increased with an increase in the number of fractions up to 4 fractions. The increase in the isoeffect dose with the fraction number was small for carbon ions of 44 keV/microm, and was not observed for 74 keV/microm. The alpha and beta values of the linear-quadratic model for the radiation dose-cell survival relationship were calculated by the Fe-plot analysis method. The alpha values increased linearly with an increase in the LET, while the beta values were independent of the LET. The alpha/beta ratio was 129 +/- 10 Gy for gamma-rays, and increased with an increase in the LET, reaching 475 +/- 168 Gy for 74 keV/microm carbon ions. The RBE for carbon ions relative to Cs-137 gamma-rays increased with the LET. The RBE values for 14 and 20 keV/microm carbon ions were 1.4 and independent of the number of fractions, while those for 44 and 74 keV/microm increased from 1.8 to 2.3 and from 2.4 to 3.0, respectively, when the number of fractions increased from 1 to 4. Increasing the number of fractions further from 4 to 6 was not associated with an increase in the RBE. These results together with our earlier study on the skin reaction support the use of an RBE of 3.0 in clinical trials of 80 keV/microm carbon beams. The RBE values for low doses of carbon beams were also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Koike
- Heavy-Ion Radiobiology Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-5555, Japan.
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Aoki M, Furusawa Y, Shibamoto Y, Kobayashi A, Tsujitani M. Effect of a hypoxic cell sensitizer doranidazole on the radiation-induced apoptosis of mouse L5178Y lymphoma cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2002; 43:161-166. [PMID: 12238330 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.43.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the sensitizing effect of the 2-nitroimidazole analogue doranidazole, a new hypoxic radiosensitizer, on radiation-induced apoptosis in L5178Y cells. Apoptosis was assessed by checking DNA ladder formation, the presence of sub-G1 peaks in flow cytometry, and chromatin condensation. A radiosensitizing effect of doranidazole was also confirmed by a soft-agar colony assay of surviving cells. In the assay of DNA ladder formation, DNA fragmentation was observed following irradiation under an aerobic or hypoxic condition with or without doranidazole. The proportions of the cells at the sub-G1 peak in a flow cytometric measurement was not very different among the irradiations at 5 Gy under the aerobic condition, 15 Gy under hypoxia, and 10 Gy with 1 mM doranidazole under hypoxia. The fraction of cells with chromatin condensation was found to be significantly increased with doranidazole up to 3 mM when applied under hypoxic irradiation, but did not increase even at 10 mM. The sensitizer enhancement ratio was estimated to be about 1.7 with a concentration of 1 mM. This enhancement ratio was not different from that observed by assaying cell survivals. On the other hand, doranidazole showed no radiosensitizing effect under aerobic conditions with 1 mM. In conclusion, the radiation-induced apoptosis of L5178Y cells was enhanced by doranidazole under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Aoki
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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Masunaga S, Ono K, Takahashi A, Ohnishi T, Kinashi Y, Takagaki M. Radiobiological characteristics of solid tumours depending on the p53 status of the tumour cells, with emphasis on the response of intratumour quiescent cells. Eur J Cancer 2002; 38:718-27. [PMID: 11916556 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(01)00430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells transfected with mutant TP53 (SAS/mTP53) or with a neo vector as a control (SAS/neo) were inoculated subcutaneously (s.c.) into both hind legs of Balb/cA nude mice. Mice bearing tumours received 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) continuously to label all proliferating (P) cells in the tumours. The mice then received gamma-ray irradiation. Another group of mice received a series of test doses of gamma-rays while alive or after tumour clamping to obtain hypoxic fractions (HFs) in the tumours. Right after irradiation, the tumour cells were isolated and incubated with a cytokinesis blocker. The micronucleus (MN) frequency in the cells without BrdU labelling (=quiescent (Q) cells) was determined using immunofluorescence staining for BrdU. Meanwhile, 6 h after irradiation, tumour cell suspensions obtained in the same manner were used for determining the frequency of apoptosis in the Q cells. The MN frequency and apoptosis frequency in total (P+Q) tumour cells were determined from the tumours that were not pretreated with BrdU. In total cell populations, SAS/mTP53 cells were more radioresistant than SAS/neo cells in clonogenic survival. Q tumour cells exhibited a significantly lower apoptosis and MN frequency, probably due to their much larger HF, than total cells. In both total and Q cell fractions, SAS/mTP53 cells were less susceptible to apoptosis and more susceptible to micronucleation than SAS/neo cells. Obviously, TP53 status had the potential to influence the radiosensitivity of not only the total cells, but also the Q cells. However, irrespective of the TP53 status, significant differences in radiosensitivity between total and Q tumour cells were consistently observed. From the viewpoint of tumour control as a whole, including intratumour Q tumour cell control, a treatment modality for enhancing the Q cell response has to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Masunaga
- Radiation Oncology Research Laboratory, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Noda, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan.
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Furusawa Y, Aoki M, Durante M. Simultaneous exposure of mammalian cells to heavy ions and X-rays. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) 2002; 30:877-884. [PMID: 12530448 DOI: 10.1016/s0273-1177(02)00409-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Crews of space missions are exposed to a mixed radiation field, including sparsely and densely ionizing radiation. To determine the biological effectiveness of mixed high-/low-LET radiation fields, mammalian cells were exposed in vitro simultaneously to X-rays and heavy ions, accelerated at the HIMAC accelerator. X-ray doses ranged from 1 to 11 Gy. At the same time, cells were exposed to either 40Ar (550 MeV/n, 86 keV/micrometers), 28Si (100 MeV/n, 150 keV/micrometers), or 56Fe (115 MeV/n, 442 keV/micrometers) ions. Survival was measured in hamster V79 fibroblasts. Structural aberrations in chromosome 2 were measured by chemical-induced premature chromosome condensation combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization in isolated human lymphocytes. For argon and silicon experiments, measured damage in the mixed radiation field was consistent with the value expected using an additive function for low- and high-LET separated data. A small deviation from a simple additive function is observed with very high-LET iron ions combined to X-rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Furusawa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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Shao C, Aoki M, Furusawa Y. Medium-mediated bystander effects on HSG cells co-cultivated with cells irradiated by X-rays or a 290 MeV/u carbon beam. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2001; 42:305-316. [PMID: 11840647 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.42.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of medium-mediated bystander effects on cell survival and micronucleus (MN) induction were investigated by co-cultivating unirradiated HSG cells with cells irradiated by X-rays or 290 MeV/u carbon beams. It was found that the survival of the irradiated cells exponentially decreased along with the dose, and that the plating efficiency (PE) of the unirradiated recipient cells was obviously more enhanced than that of the control cells. Moreover, MN was induced in the unirradiated recipient cells and its yield had a maximum distribution corresponding to the donor dose, which was different from the linear-quadratic dose response of the yield of MN in the irradiated cells. The treatment of PTIO, a scavenger of nitric oxide (NO), decreased both PE and MN of the unirradiated recipient cells to control levels. Moreover, nitrite was detected in the co-culture medium, and its concentration was related to the donor dose. These results indicated that NO was involved in the above mentioned medium-mediated bystander effects. In addition, an equation was deduced to well fit the induction of MN of the unirradiated recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shao
- Heavy-Ion Radiobiology Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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Oya N, Sasai K, Shibata T, Takagi T, Shibuya K, Koike S, Nojima K, Furusawa Y, Ando K, Hiraoka M. Time course of reoxygenation in experimental murine tumors after carbon-beam and X-ray irradiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2001; 42:131-141. [PMID: 11599880 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.42.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We compared the tumor reoxygenation patterns in three different murine tumor cell lines after X-irradiation with those after carbon-beam irradiation using a heavy-ion medical accelerator (HIMAC) system. The tumors of the cell lines SCCVII, SCCVII-variant-1 and EMT6 on the hind legs of mice received local priming irradiation with a carbon-beam (8 Gy, 73 keV/microm in LET, 290 MeV/u, 6 cm SOBP) or X-rays (13 Gy, 250 kVp). After various intervals, the mice were given whole-body test irradiation (16 Gy. 250 kVp X-ray) either in air or after they were killed. The hypoxic fractions were estimated as the proportions of the surviving fractions of the tumors in killed mice to those in air-breathing mice. In the SCCVII tumors, the hypoxic fractions at 0.5 h were 50% and 21% (p < 0.05) after the priming X-irradiation and carbon-beam irradiation, respectively. In the SCCVII-variant-1 tumors, the hypoxic fractions were 85% and 82% at 0.5 h, 84% and 20% at 12 h (p < 0.01), and 21% and 31% at 24 h after X-ray and after carbon-beam irradiation, respectively. In the EMT6 tumors, the reoxygenation patterns after X-irradiation and carbon-beam irradiation were quite similar. We concluded that the reoxygenation pattern differed among the three tumor cell lines, and that reoxygenation tended to occur more rapidly after carbon-beam irradiation than after X-irradiation for SCCVII and SCCVII-variant-1 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Oya
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Japan.
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