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Shan L, Chelliah R, Rahman SME, Hwan Oh D. Unraveling the gut microbiota's role in Rheumatoid arthritis: dietary pathways to modulation and therapeutic potential. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38832654 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2362412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a significant global health issue. Recent research highlights the gut microbiota's critical role in RA's development, noting how dietary factors can alter these microbial communities. This has led to an increased focus on how the gut microbiota (GM) influences RA and the potential for dietary ingredients to offer anti-RA benefits by modifying GM. This review presents a concise examination of the GM associated with RA, identifying specific microbial taxa at various levels that are implicated in the disease. It delves into dietary components known for their anti-RA properties through GM modulation and their mechanisms. Findings from numerous studies, including both animal and human research, show significant differences in the GM composition between individuals with early and established RA. Certain microbes like Tenericutes, Synergistetes, and Proteobacteria have been linked to RA progression, whereas Bacteroidetes and some strains of Lactobacillus are shown to have protective effects against RA. Dietary elements such as fibers, polysaccharides, resistant starch, and peptides have been identified as influential in combating RA. These components work by altering the GM's metabolites and impacting immune cells related to the GM. This review suggests the potential for developing functional foods aimed at treating RA by targeting GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- LingYue Shan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of South Korea
- Future F Biotech Co., Ltd, Chuncheon, Republic of South Korea
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of South Korea
- Future F Biotech Co., Ltd, Chuncheon, Republic of South Korea
| | - Syed Mohammad Ehsanur Rahman
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of South Korea
- Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Deog Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of South Korea
- Future F Biotech Co., Ltd, Chuncheon, Republic of South Korea
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Wang J, He M, Yang M, Ai X. Gut microbiota as a key regulator of intestinal mucosal immunity. Life Sci 2024; 345:122612. [PMID: 38588949 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a complex microbial community with the ability of maintaining intestinal health. Intestinal homeostasis largely depends on the mucosal immune system to defense external pathogens and promote tissue repair. In recent years, growing evidence revealed the importance of gut microbiota in shaping intestinal mucosal immunity. Therefore, according to the existing findings, this review first provided an overview of intestinal mucosal immune system before summarizing the regulatory roles of gut microbiota in intestinal innate and adaptive immunity. Specifically, this review delved into the gut microbial interactions with the cells such as intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in innate immunity, and T and B lymphocytes in adaptive immunity. Furthermore, this review discussed the main effects of gut microbiota dysbiosis in intestinal diseases and offered future research prospects. The review highlighted the key regulatory roles of gut microbiota in intestinal mucosal immunity via various host-microbe interactions, providing valuable references for the development of microbial therapy in intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Mei He
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Ai
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China.
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Hara M, Suzuki H, Hayashi D, Morii W, Nakamura T, Kiyoki K, Hara H, Ishii R, Noguchi E, Takada H. Gut microbiota of one-and-a-half-year-old food-allergic and healthy children. Allergol Int 2024:S1323-8930(24)00042-X. [PMID: 38600019 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal bacteria may play a role in the development of food allergies. This study aimed to analyze and compare the gut microbiota of food-allergic children with that of healthy children of the same age. METHODS Stool samples were collected from one-and-a-half-year-old food-allergic (FA group, n = 29) and healthy controls (HC group, n = 19). A questionnaire was provided to examine the children's birth, dietary, medical, and social histories. The gut microbiota was profiled by 16S rRNA sequencing. Differences in taxonomic composition were assessed using linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), and microbial functional profiles were predicted with Tax4Fun2. RESULTS No significant difference in the alpha diversity index between the two groups; however, a negative correlation was observed between the Shannon diversity index and the relative abundance of Bacteroides. A significant difference was observed in beta diversity (permutational multivariate analysis of variance) in the bacterial composition between the FA and HC groups (P < 0.05). The FA group had a higher abundance of Escherichia and Anaeromassilibacillus and a lower abundance of Bacteroides, Oscillibacter, Ruminococcus, Hungateiclostridium and Anaerotaenia than the HC group (LEfSe: linear discriminant analysis score >2). The FA group showed a predicted increase in the expression levels of genes associated with intestinal pathogenicity compared with that in the HC group. CONCLUSIONS The gut microbiota of food-allergic children has a higher abundance of bacteria involved in intestinal inflammation and a lower abundance of bacteria involved in immune tolerance than that of healthy children. This dysbiosis may also be associated with food allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monami Hara
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan; Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hisato Suzuki
- Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hayashi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Wataru Morii
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takako Nakamura
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kaori Kiyoki
- Department of Pediatrics, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideki Hara
- Department of Pediatrics, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryota Ishii
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Emiko Noguchi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Hidetoshi Takada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Gutiérrez-Vera C, García-Betancourt R, Palacios PA, Müller M, Montero DA, Verdugo C, Ortiz F, Simon F, Kalergis AM, González PA, Saavedra-Avila NA, Porcelli SA, Carreño LJ. Natural killer T cells in allergic asthma: implications for the development of novel immunotherapeutical strategies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1364774. [PMID: 38629075 PMCID: PMC11018981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1364774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma has emerged as a prevalent allergic disease worldwide, affecting most prominently both young individuals and lower-income populations in developing and developed countries. To devise effective and curative immunotherapy, it is crucial to comprehend the intricate nature of this condition, characterized by an immune response imbalance that favors a proinflammatory profile orchestrated by diverse subsets of immune cells. Although the involvement of Natural Killer T (NKT) cells in asthma pathology is frequently implied, their specific contributions to disease onset and progression remain incompletely understood. Given their remarkable ability to modulate the immune response through the rapid secretion of various cytokines, NKT cells represent a promising target for the development of effective immunotherapy against allergic asthma. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of NKT cells in the context of allergic asthma, along with novel therapeutic approaches that leverage the functional response of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Gutiérrez-Vera
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Richard García-Betancourt
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. Palacios
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marioly Müller
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David A. Montero
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Verdugo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Ortiz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Noemi A. Saavedra-Avila
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Leandro J. Carreño
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Yamada NO, Wenduerma, Senda T. Altered microbiota caused by disordered gut motility leads to an overactivation of intestinal immune system in APC1638T mice. Med Mol Morphol 2023; 56:177-186. [PMID: 36995439 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-023-00352-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is recognized as an antioncogene related to familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancers. However, APC is a large protein with multiple binding partners, indicating APC has diverse roles besides as a tumor suppressor. We have ever studied the roles of APC by using APC1638T/1638T (APC1638T) mice. Through those studies, we have noticed stools of APC1638T mice were smaller than those of APC+/+ mice and hypothesized there be a disturbance in fecal formation processes in APC1638T mice. The gut motility was morphologically analyzed by immunohistochemical staining of the Auerbach's plexus. Gut microbiota was analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). IgA concentration in stools was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). As results, macroscopic findings suggestive of large intestinal dysmotility and microscopic findings of disorganization and inflammation of the plexus were obtained in APC1638T mice. An alteration of microbiota composition, especially increased Bacteroidetes population was observed. Increases in IgA positive cells and dendritic cells in the ileum with high fecal IgA concentration were also confirmed, suggesting over-activation of gut immunity. Our findings will contribute to our understanding of APC's functions in the gastrointestinal motility, and lead to a development of novel therapies for gut dysmotility-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami O Yamada
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Wenduerma
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takao Senda
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
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Cecal Patches Generate Abundant IgG2b-Bearing B Cells That Are Reactive to Commensal Microbiota. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:3974141. [PMID: 35571567 PMCID: PMC9095398 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3974141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), such as Peyer's patches (PPs), are key inductive sites that generate IgA+ B cells, mainly through germinal center (GC) responses. The generation of IgA+ B cells is promoted by the presence of gut microbiota and dietary antigens. However, the function of GALT in the large intestine, such as cecal patches (CePs) and colonic patches (CoPs), and their regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that the CePs possess more IgG2b+ B cells and have fewer IgA+ B cells than those in PPs from BALB/c mice with normal gut microbiota. Gene expression analysis of postswitched transcripts supported the differential expression of dominant antibody isotypes in B cells in GALT. Germ-free (GF) mice showed diminished GC B cells and had few IgA+ or IgG2b+ switched B cells in both the small and large intestinal GALT. In contrast, myeloid differentiation factor 88- (MyD88-) deficient mice exhibited decreased GC B cells and presented with reduced numbers of IgG2b+ B cells in CePs but not in PPs. Using ex vivo cell culture, we showed that CePs have a greater capacity to produce total and microbiota-reactive IgG2b, in addition to microbiota-reactive IgA, than the PPs. In line with the frequency of GC B cells and IgG2b+ B cells in CePs, there was a decrease in the levels of microbiota-reactive IgG2b and IgA in the serum of GF and MyD88-deficient mice. These data suggest that CePs have a different antibody production profile compared to PPs. Furthermore, the innate immune signals derived from gut microbiota are crucial for generating the IgG2b antibodies in CePs.
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Peanut skin extract ameliorates high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis by regulating lipid metabolism, inflammation reaction and gut microbiota in ApoE−/− mice. Food Res Int 2022; 154:111014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Xie Z, Bai Y, Chen G, Dong W, Peng Y, Xu W, Sun Y, Zeng X, Liu Z. Immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from the mycelium of Aspergillus cristatus, isolated from Fuzhuan brick tea, associated with the regulation of intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Impact of dietary fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on murine gut microbiota and intestinal IgA secretion. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:56. [PMID: 35186653 PMCID: PMC8811108 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are considered as prebiotics and are well known for their health-promoting properties, including antitumor, allergy-preventive, and infection-protective effects. They exert these effects by modulating the gut microbial composition and dynamics. In the present study, we performed a comparative whole metagenome shotgun sequencing analysis (WMGS) to elucidate the gut microbiota and secretary Immunoglobulin A (SIgA) dynamics as a result of 5% (w/w) FOS supplementation over a period of 7 days (fecal samples were collected every day). A number of taxa including Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Roseburia, Clostridia, Faecalibaculum, and Enterorhabdus were found to be modulated with SIgA production in the murine gut. The process of SIgA production from FOS metabolization was found to be carried out via the production of short-chain fatty acids in the gut. Species of Bacteroides and Roseburia; namely, B. caccae, B. finegoldii, B. ovatus, B. thetaiotamicron, and Roseburia intestinalis, respectively, are predominantly responsible for FOS metabolization in the murine gut. The abundances of these bacterial species and their corresponding functions involved in FOS metabolization decreased over time even though these prebiotics were administered continuously for seven days. This suggests that there is a decrease in FOS metabolization over time. In addition, the present analysis suggests that the administration of FOS may help to reduce the pathogenic bacteria from the gut via SIgA production. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03116-3.
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The gut microbiota induces Peyer's-patch-dependent secretion of maternal IgA into milk. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109655. [PMID: 34496253 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary strategy of transferring maternal antibodies via milk profoundly impacts the survival, lifelong health, and wellbeing of all neonates, including a pronounced impact on human breastfeeding success and infant development. While there has been increased recognition that interorgan connectivity influences the quality of a mother's milk, potentially to personalize it for her offspring, the underlying bases for these processes are incompletely resolved. Here, we define an essential role of Peyer's patches (PPs) for the generation of plasma cells that secrete maternal immunoglobulin A (IgA) into milk. Our metagenomic analysis reveals that the presence of certain residential microorganisms in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, such as Bacteroides acidifaciens and Prevotella buccalis, is indispensable for the programming of maternal IgA synthesis prior to lactational transfer. Our data provide important insights into how the microbiome of the maternal GI environment, specifically through PPs, can be communicated to the next generation via milk.
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11
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Matsuzawa H, Munakata S, Kawai M, Sugimoto K, Kamiyama H, Takahashi M, Kojima Y, Sakamoto K. Analysis of ileostomy stool samples reveals dysbiosis in patients with high-output stomas. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2021; 40:135-143. [PMID: 34285858 PMCID: PMC8279886 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2020-062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Construction of a diverting stoma can significantly reduce the onset of severe anastomotic leakage in patients with rectal cancer. High-output stoma is one of the most important potential surgical complications after anal function-preserving surgery with ileostomy. Culture-independent techniques have revealed the interaction of the complex intestinal bacterial ecology with various diseases. Our objective was to evaluate the differences in patient characteristics and gut microbiota distribution features in patients with high-output stomas. The cases of 24 consecutive patients who underwent curative resection for rectal cancer at our hospital between November 2016 and June 2018 were reviewed, and the patients were categorized into high-output and low-output groups. Their microbiota were analyzed using next-generation sequencing of ileostomy stool samples collected on postoperative day 7. There was a significant difference in the percentage of Bacteroidetes between the high-output and low-output groups (14.8% vs 0.5%; p=0.01). The percentage of Clostridium butyricum was increased in the low-output group (p=0.01). After the exclusion of those treated with the probiotic Miya-BM, whose principal component is C. butyricum, analyses revealed no significant differences between the high-output and low-output groups. This pilot study provides the first evidence correlating gut microbiota with the pathogenesis of high- output stoma compared with low-output stoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Matsuzawa
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shinya Munakata
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masaya Kawai
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kiichi Sugimoto
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Kamiyama
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Makoto Takahashi
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kojima
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sakamoto
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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A Prime/Boost Vaccine Regimen Alters the Rectal Microbiome and Impacts Immune Responses and Viremia Control Post-Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Male and Female Rhesus Macaques. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01225-20. [PMID: 32967951 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01225-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficacious human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine will likely require induction of both mucosal and systemic immune responses. We compared the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of two mucosal/systemic vaccine regimens and investigated their effects on the rectal microbiome. Rhesus macaques were primed twice mucosally with replication-competent adenovirus type 5 host range mutant (Ad5hr)-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) recombinants and boosted twice intramuscularly with ALVAC-SIV recombinant plus SIV gp120 protein or with DNA for SIV genes and rhesus interleukin-12 plus SIV gp120 protein. Controls received empty Ad5hr vector and alum adjuvant only. Both regimens elicited strong, comparable mucosal and systemic cellular and humoral immunity. Prevaccination rectal microbiomes of males and females differed and significantly changed over the course of immunization, most strongly in females after Ad5hr immunizations. Following repeated low-dose intrarectal SIV challenges, both vaccine groups exhibited modestly but significantly reduced acute viremia. Male and female controls exhibited similar acute viral loads; however, vaccinated females, but not males, exhibited lower levels of acute viremia, compared to same-sex controls. Few differences in adaptive immune responses were observed between the sexes. Striking differences in correlations of the rectal microbiome of males and females with acute viremia and immune responses associated with protection were seen and point to effects of the microbiome on vaccine-induced immunity and viremia control. Our study clearly demonstrates direct effects of a mucosal SIV vaccine regimen on the rectal microbiome and validates our previously reported SIV vaccine-induced sex bias. Sex and the microbiome are critical factors that should not be overlooked in vaccine design and evaluation.IMPORTANCE Differences in HIV pathogenesis between males and females, including immunity postinfection, have been well documented, as have steroid hormone effects on the microbiome, which is known to influence mucosal immune responses. Few studies have applied this knowledge to vaccine trials. We investigated two SIV vaccine regimens combining mucosal priming immunizations and systemic protein boosting. We again report a vaccine-induced sex bias, with female rhesus macaques but not males displaying significantly reduced acute viremia. The vaccine regimens, especially the mucosal primes, significantly altered the rectal microbiome. The greatest effects were in females. Striking differences between female and male macaques in correlations of prevalent rectal bacteria with viral loads and potentially protective immune responses were observed. Effects of the microbiome on vaccine-induced immunity and viremia control require further study by microbiome transfer. However, the findings presented highlight the critical importance of considering effects of sex and the microbiome in vaccine design and evaluation.
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Wu X, Cao J, Li M, Yao P, Li H, Xu W, Yuan C, Liu J, Wang S, Li P, Wang Y. An integrated microbiome and metabolomic analysis identifies immunoenhancing features of Ganoderma lucidum spores oil in mice. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104937. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Nemoto N, Takeda Y, Nara H, Araki A, Gazi MY, Takakubo Y, Naganuma Y, Takagi M, Asao H. Analysis of intestinal immunity and flora in a collagen-induced mouse arthritis model: differences during arthritis progression. Int Immunol 2020; 32:49-56. [PMID: 31562738 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal immunity and flora are reported to be associated with the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. However, differences in the intestinal immunity and flora dynamics between the initial peak and relapse of arthritis have not been investigated. Here we analyzed the lymphocyte populations in different lymphoid tissues, the IgA in feces, and the intestinal flora at the initial peak and the relapse phase of arthritis in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. In this model compared with the control group, the percentage of RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN) was increased at the initial peak but decreased at the relapse stage of arthritis, and the opposite changes were observed in the spleen. The percentage of Foxp3+CD4+ T cells was unchanged at the initial peak in both tissues but increased only in the mLN at the relapse stage. The IgA in feces increased with the progression of arthritis, and bacterial analysis revealed that some specific bacterial families were changed at the peak and relapse stages of arthritis. Finally, the immune dynamics under different arthritic conditions were examined by integrating these factors using principal component analysis (PCA). PCA showed that the immunological and intestinal flora profiles were different between the initial peak and the relapse of the arthritis. Our findings suggest that the intestinal immunity and the environment change drastically with the progress of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhito Nemoto
- Department of Immunology, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata city, Yamagata, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata city, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuji Takeda
- Department of Immunology, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata city, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nara
- Department of Immunology, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata city, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Akemi Araki
- Department of Immunology, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata city, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Md Yeashin Gazi
- Department of Immunology, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata city, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuya Takakubo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata city, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yasushi Naganuma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata city, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Michiaki Takagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata city, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hironobu Asao
- Department of Immunology, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata city, Yamagata, Japan
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Chen D, Le TH, Shahidipour H, Read SA, Ahlenstiel G. The Role of Gut-Derived Microbial Antigens on Liver Fibrosis Initiation and Progression. Cells 2019; 8:E1324. [PMID: 31717860 PMCID: PMC6912265 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal dysbiosis has recently become known as an important driver of gastrointestinal and liver disease. It remains poorly understood, however, how gastrointestinal microbes bypass the intestinal mucosa and enter systemic circulation to enact an inflammatory immune response. In the context of chronic liver disease (CLD), insults that drive hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis (alcohol, fat) can drastically increase intestinal permeability, hence flooding the liver with gut-derived microbiota. Consequently, this may result in exacerbated liver inflammation and fibrosis through activation of liver-resident Kupffer and stellate cells by bacterial, viral, and fungal antigens transported to the liver via the portal vein. This review summarizes the current understanding of microbial translocation in CLD, the cell-specific hepatic response to intestinal antigens, and how this drives the development and progression of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Further, we reviewed current and future therapies targeting intestinal permeability and the associated, potentially harmful anti-microbial immune response with respect to their potential in terms of limiting the development and progression of liver fibrosis and end-stage cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dishen Chen
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead 2145, NSW, Australia; (D.C.); (T.H.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Thanh H. Le
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead 2145, NSW, Australia; (D.C.); (T.H.L.); (H.S.)
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown 2560, NSW, Australia
| | - Haleh Shahidipour
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead 2145, NSW, Australia; (D.C.); (T.H.L.); (H.S.)
- Blacktown Medical School, Western Sydney University, Blacktown 2148, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott A. Read
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead 2145, NSW, Australia; (D.C.); (T.H.L.); (H.S.)
- Blacktown Medical School, Western Sydney University, Blacktown 2148, NSW, Australia
| | - Golo Ahlenstiel
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead 2145, NSW, Australia; (D.C.); (T.H.L.); (H.S.)
- Blacktown Medical School, Western Sydney University, Blacktown 2148, NSW, Australia
- Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown 2148, NSW, Australia
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Hagihara M, Yamashita R, Matsumoto A, Mori T, Kuroki Y, Kudo H, Oka K, Takahashi M, Nonogaki T, Yamagishi Y, Mikamo H. The impact of Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 on the murine gut microbiome and colonic tissue. Anaerobe 2018; 54:8-18. [PMID: 30076897 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 (CBM 588) is a probiotic bacterium that is used as an anti-diarrheal medicine in Japan. However, the impact of this probiotic on the gut microbiome has not been fully elucidated, especially, when used with antimicrobials. MATERIAL AND METHODS In an in vivo study, CBM 588 monotherapy, clindamycin monotherapy, CBM 588 and clindamycin (combination therapy), or normal saline (control) was orally administered to mice for 4 days, and fecal samples were collected for 18 days to enumerate C. butyricum. We also extracted DNA from these fecal samples for metagenomics analysis by amplification of the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and MiSeq Illumina sequencing. In addition, the concentrations of some short chain fatty acids were assessed in the fecal samples. A histological analysis was also conducted. RESULTS On day 4 (the last treatment day), there was no difference in the total counts of C. butyricum between the CBM 588 monotherapy and combination therapy groups (5.21 ± 0.78 vs. 5.13 ± 0.45 log10 cfu/g, p = 0.86). Clindamycin treatment resulted in dramatic increases in the phylum Firmicutes, especially Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus, compared with the other groups during the treatment period. CBM 588 treatment modified the bacterial community composition at lower phylogenetic levels. Some bacterial taxa, such as Bifidobacterium, Coprococcus, and Bacteroides, were significantly increased in the combination therapy group when compared with the other groups. In the metabolic analysis, CBM 588 enhanced lactic acid production. It also enhanced the efficiency of lactic acid use for the production of butyric acid. Only the clindamycin monotherapy group showed abnormal colon tissue, with superficial epithelial necrosis and the presence of inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION CBM 588 treatment modulated the gut microbiota composition under dysbiosis due to the use of an antimicrobial with strong activity against anaerobes and significantly reduced epithelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Hagihara
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Biomedical Sciences, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Rieko Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Biomedical Sciences, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Asami Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Biomedical Sciences, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Kuroki
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Oka
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Japan
| | - Motomichi Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Japan
| | - Tsunemasa Nonogaki
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjyo Gakuin University, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamagishi
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Mikamo
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan.
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Liu L, Zhang W, Song Y, Wang W, Zhang Y, Wang T, Li K, Pan Q, Qi X, Gao Y, Gao L, Liu C, Zhang Y, Wang Y, He G, Wang X, Cui H. Recombinant Lactococcus lactis co-expressing OmpH of an M cell-targeting ligand and IBDV-VP2 protein provide immunological protection in chickens. Vaccine 2017; 36:729-735. [PMID: 29289381 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a highly contagious disease that results in enormous economic losses in the global poultry sector. Lactic acid bacteria are an appealing vehicle for the safe and effective delivery of heterologous protein antigens. Oral administration of the commensal bacterium Lactococcus lactis expressing recombinant fusion proteins has been used to elicit mucosal and systemic immune responses. In this study, a Lactococcus lactis NZ3900 strain co-expressing the outer membrane protein (Omp) H of the microfold (M) cell-targeting ligand and the viral capsid protein (VP)2 antigen of IBDV was genetically engineered, and its immunopotentiating capacity as an oral and injected vaccine in chickens was evaluated. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that VP2-OmpH was expressed in the cytoplasm of cells and had high immunoreactivity. An in vivo study showed that in the absence of any adjuvant, the recombinant L. lactis VP2-OmpH strain stimulated the immune response and protected against very virulent IBDV challenge in 100% and 80% of chickens immunized by injection and oral administration, respectively. Moreover, the antiviral neutralizing antibody titers induced by injection administration were higher than those induced by oral administration. Mucosal secretory IgA titers induced by oral administration were higher than those induced by injection administration. These results suggested that the recombinant L. lactis VP2-OmpH strain is a promising candidate vaccine to prevent IBDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Wang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Yuxin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Wenqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Tingting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Qing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Xiaole Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Yulong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Changjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Yanping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Gaoming He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Hongyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
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18
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McKnight CG, Morris SC, Perkins C, Zhu Z, Hildeman DA, Bendelac A, Finkelman FD. NKT cells contribute to basal IL-4 production but are not required to induce experimental asthma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188221. [PMID: 29182669 PMCID: PMC5705134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CD1d-deficiency results in a selective deletion of NKT cells in mice that is reported to prevent murine allergic airway disease (AAD). Because we find 2–3 fold lower basal IL-4 production in CD1d- mice than in wild-type (WT) mice, we hypothesized that the contribution made by NKT cells to AAD would depend on the strength of the stimulus used to induce the disease. Consequently, we compared CD1d-deficient mice to WT mice in the development of AAD, using several models of disease induction that differed in the type and dose of allergen, the site of sensitization and the duration of immunization. Surprisingly we found equivalent allergic inflammation and airway disease in WT and CD1d- mice in all models investigated. Consistent with this, NKT cells constituted only ~2% of CD4+ T cells in the lungs of mice with AAD, and IL-4-transcribing NKT cells did not expand with disease induction. Concerned that the congenital absence of NKT cells might have caused a compensatory shift within the immune response, we administered an anti-CD1d monoclonal Ab (mAb) to block NKT function before airway treatments, before or after systemic sensitization to antigen. Such Ab treatment did not affect disease severity. We suggest that the differences reported in the literature regarding the significance of NKT cells in the induction of allergic airway disease may have less to do with the methods used to study the disease and more to do with the animals themselves and/or the facilities used to house them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G. McKnight
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Suzanne C. Morris
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Charles Perkins
- Department of Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Zhenqi Zhu
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David A. Hildeman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Albert Bendelac
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Fred D. Finkelman
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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Brodmann T, Endo A, Gueimonde M, Vinderola G, Kneifel W, de Vos WM, Salminen S, Gómez-Gallego C. Safety of Novel Microbes for Human Consumption: Practical Examples of Assessment in the European Union. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1725. [PMID: 28955311 PMCID: PMC5601064 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel microbes are either newly isolated genera and species from natural sources or bacterial strains derived from existing bacteria. Novel microbes are gaining increasing attention for the general aims to preserve and modify foods and to modulate gut microbiota. The use of novel microbes to improve health outcomes is of particular interest because growing evidence points to the importance of gut microbiota in human health. As well, some recently isolated microorganisms have promise for use as probiotics, although in-depth assessment of their safety is necessary. Recent examples of microorganisms calling for more detailed evaluation include Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Akkermansia muciniphila, fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB), and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. This paper discusses each candidate's safety evaluation for novel food or novel food ingredient approval according to European Union (EU) regulations. The factors evaluated include their beneficial properties, antibiotic resistance profiling, history of safe use (if available), publication of the genomic sequence, toxicological studies in agreement with novel food regulations, and the qualified presumptions of safety. Sufficient evidences have made possible to support and authorize the use of heat-inactivated B. xylanisolvens in the European Union. In the case of A. muciniphila, the discussion focuses on earlier safety studies and the strain's suitability. FLAB are also subjected to standard safety assessments, which, along with their proximity to lactic acid bacteria generally considered to be safe, may lead to novel food authorization in the future. Further research with F. prausnitzii will increase knowledge about its safety and probiotic properties and may lead to its future use as novel food. Upcoming changes in EUU Regulation 2015/2283 on novel food will facilitate the authorization of future novel products and might increase the presence of novel microbes in the food market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodor Brodmann
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Science ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Akihito Endo
- Department of Food and Cosmetic Science, Tokyo University of AgricultureHokkaido, Japan
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Spanish Higher Research CouncilVillaviciosa, Spain
| | - Gabriel Vinderola
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (UNL-CONICET), National University of the LitoralSanta Fe, Argentina
| | - Wolfgang Kneifel
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Science ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and ResearchWageningen, Netherlands
- Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Salminen
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of TurkuTurku, Finland
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20
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Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Liver Disease: The Role of the Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9090987. [PMID: 28880224 PMCID: PMC5622747 DOI: 10.3390/nu9090987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parenteral nutrition (PN) provides life-saving nutritional support in situations where caloric supply via the enteral route cannot cover the necessary needs of the organism. However, it does have serious adverse effects, including parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD). The development of liver injury associated with PN is multifactorial, including non-specific intestine inflammation, compromised intestinal permeability, and barrier function associated with increased bacterial translocation, primary and secondary cholangitis, cholelithiasis, short bowel syndrome, disturbance of hepatobiliary circulation, lack of enteral nutrition, shortage of some nutrients (proteins, essential fatty acids, choline, glycine, taurine, carnitine, etc.), and toxicity of components within the nutrition mixture itself (glucose, phytosterols, manganese, aluminium, etc.). Recently, an increasing number of studies have provided evidence that some of these factors are directly or indirectly associated with microbial dysbiosis in the intestine. In this review, we focus on PN-induced changes in the taxonomic and functional composition of the microbiome. We also discuss immune cell and microbial crosstalk during parenteral nutrition, and the implications for the onset and progression of PNALD. Finally, we provide an overview of recent advances in the therapeutic utilisation of pro- and prebiotics for the mitigation of PN-associated liver complications.
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Yoshioka K, Kakihana K, Doki N, Ohashi K. Gut microbiota and acute graft-versus-host disease. Pharmacol Res 2017; 122:90-95. [PMID: 28576475 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is a potentially curative treatment for various hematological diseases, acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and its management is clinically important. Advances in biological techniques have led to great progress in understanding the complex interactions between the host and the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota clearly modulates the immune response and is associated with the pathogenesis of various disorders. Also in allo-SCT, both preclinical and clinical results indicate that the gut microbiota is closely associated with the development of acute GVHD and transplant outcomes. These results led to the idea that improvement in quantitative and/or qualitative abnormalities of microbiota (dysbiosis) may be a new treatment strategy for acute GVHD. Evaluations of therapies targeting the gut microbiota such as probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation have just begun. Furthermore, intervention in the gut microbiota with a nutritional approach including prebiotics, postbiotics, and antibiotics selection may also be another promising treatment option for acute GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Yoshioka
- Hematology Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center, Komagome Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kakihana
- Hematology Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center, Komagome Hospital, Japan.
| | - Noriko Doki
- Hematology Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center, Komagome Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazuteru Ohashi
- Hematology Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center, Komagome Hospital, Japan
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22
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Gut commensal Bacteroides acidifaciens prevents obesity and improves insulin sensitivity in mice. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:104-116. [PMID: 27118489 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In humans, the composition of gut commensal bacteria is closely correlated with obesity. The bacteria modulate metabolites and influence host immunity. In this study, we attempted to determine whether there is a direct correlation between specific commensal bacteria and host metabolism. As mice aged, we found significantly reduced body weight and fat mass in Atg7ΔCD11c mice when compared with Atg7f/f mice. When mice shared commensal bacteria by co-housing or feces transfer experiments, body weight and fat mass were similar in both mouse groups. By pyrosequencing analysis, Bacteroides acidifaciens (BA) was significantly increased in feces of Atg7ΔCD11c mice compared with those of control Atg7f/f mice. Wild-type C57BL/6 (B6) mice fed with BA were significantly more likely to gain less weight and fat mass than mice fed with PBS. Of note, the expression level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) was consistently increased in the adipose tissues of Atg7ΔCD11c mice, B6 mice transferred with fecal microbiota of Atg7ΔCD11c mice, and BA-fed B6 mice. Furthermore, B6 mice fed with BA showed elevated insulin levels in serum, accompanied by increased serum glucagon-like peptide-1 and decreased intestinal dipeptidyl peptidase-4. These finding suggest that BA may have potential for treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.
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23
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Cattadori IM, Sebastian A, Hao H, Katani R, Albert I, Eilertson KE, Kapur V, Pathak A, Mitchell S. Impact of Helminth Infections and Nutritional Constraints on the Small Intestine Microbiota. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159770. [PMID: 27438701 PMCID: PMC4954658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminth infections and nutrition can independently alter the composition and abundance of the gastrointestinal microbiota, however, their combined effect is poorly understood. Here, we used the T. retortaeformis-rabbit system to examine how the helminth infection and host restriction from coprophagy/ready-to-absorb nutrients affected the duodenal microbiota, and how these changes related to the acquired immune response at the site of infection. A factorial experiment was performed where the bacterial community, its functionality and the immune response were examined in four treatments (Infect, Infect+Collar, Control+Collar and Control). Helminths reduced the diversity and abundance of the microbiota while the combination of parasites and coprophagic restriction led to a more diversified and abundant microbiota than infected cases, without significantly affecting the intensity of infection. Animals restricted from coprophagy and free from parasites exhibited the richest and most abundant bacterial community. By forcing the individuals to absorb nutrients from less digested food, the coprophagic restriction appears to have facilitated the diversity and proliferation of bacteria in the duodenum. Changes in the microbiota were more clearly associated with changes in the immune response for the infected than the nutrient restricted animals. The functional and metabolic characteristics of the duodenal microbiota were not significantly different between treatments. Overall, infection and diet affect the gut microbiota but their interactions and outcome can be complex. These findings can have important implications for the development of control measures to helminth infections where poor nutrition/malnutrition can also be a concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella M. Cattadori
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
| | - Han Hao
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
| | - Robab Katani
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
| | - Istvan Albert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
| | - Kirsten E. Eilertson
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
| | - Vivek Kapur
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
| | - Ashutosh Pathak
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
| | - Susan Mitchell
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16082 PA, United States of America
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Gnauck A, Lentle RG, Kruger MC. The Characteristics and Function of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides and Their Endotoxic Potential in Humans. Int Rev Immunol 2015; 35:189-218. [PMID: 26606737 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2015.1087518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cross-talk between enteral microbiota and human host is essential for the development and maintenance of the human gastrointestinal and systemic immune systems. The presence of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) lysed from the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria in the gut lumen is thought to promote the development of a balanced gut immune response whilst the entry of the same LPS into systemic circulation may lead to a deleterious pro-inflammatory systemic immune response. Recent data suggest that chronically low levels of circulating LPS may be associated with the development of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. This review focuses on the cross-talk between enteral commensal bacteria and the human immune system via LPS. We explain the structural characterisation of the LPS molecule and its function in the bacteria. We then examine how LPS is recognised by various elements of the human immune system and the signalling pathways that are activated by the structure of the LPS molecule and the effect of various concentrations. Further, we discuss the sequelae of this signalling in the gut-associated and systemic immune systems i.e. the neutralisation of LPS and the development of tolerance to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gnauck
- a School of Food and Nutrition, College of Health , Massey University , Palmerston North , New Zealand
| | - Roger G Lentle
- a School of Food and Nutrition, College of Health , Massey University , Palmerston North , New Zealand
| | - Marlena C Kruger
- a School of Food and Nutrition, College of Health , Massey University , Palmerston North , New Zealand
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Miyazato S, Kishimoto Y, Takahashi K, Kaminogawa S, Hosono A. Continuous intake of resistant maltodextrin enhanced intestinal immune response through changes in the intestinal environment in mice. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2015; 35:1-7. [PMID: 26858925 PMCID: PMC4735028 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2015-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of resistant maltodextrin (RMD), a non-viscous soluble dietary fiber, on
intestinal immune response and its mechanism in mice. Intestinal and fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) were
determined as indicators of intestinal immune response, and changes in the intestinal environment were focused
to study the mechanism. BALB/c mice were fed one of three experimental diets, a control diet or a diet
containing either 5% or 7.5% RMD, for two weeks. Continuous intake of RMD dose-dependently increased total IgA
levels in the intestinal tract. Total IgA production from the cecal mucosa was significantly increased by RMD
intake, while there were no significant differences in mucosal IgA production between the control group and
experimental groups in the small intestine and colon. Continuous intake of RMD changed the composition of the
cecal contents; that is, the composition of the cecal microbiota was changed, and short-chain fatty acids
(SCFAs) were increased. There was an increased trend in Bacteroidales in the cecal microbiota, and butyrate,
an SCFA, was significantly increased. Our study demonstrated that continuous intake of RMD enhanced the
intestinal immune response by increasing the production of IgA in the intestinal tract. It suggested that the
increase in total SCFAs and changes in the intestinal microbiota resulting from the fermentation of RMD orally
ingested were associated with the induction of IgA production in intestinal immune cells, with the IgA
production of the cecal mucosa in particular being significantly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Miyazato
- Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 5-3 Kitaitami, Itami, Hyogo 664-8508, Japan; College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Yuka Kishimoto
- Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 5-3 Kitaitami, Itami, Hyogo 664-8508, Japan
| | - Kyoko Takahashi
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaminogawa
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Akira Hosono
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 induces TGF-β expression in dendritic cells and activates TLR2 signal to produce IgA in the small intestine. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105370. [PMID: 25144744 PMCID: PMC4140756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria provide benefits in enhancing host immune responses and protecting against infection. Induction of IgA production by oral administration of probiotic bacteria in the intestine has been considered to be one reason for this beneficial effect, but the mechanisms of the effect are poorly understood. Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055) is a probiotic bacterium with properties such as bile tolerance, ability to improve the intestinal environment, and it has preventive effects related to abdominal adiposity. In this study, we have found that oral administration of LG2055 induced IgA production and increased the rate of IgA(+) cell population in Peyer's patch and in the lamina propria of the mouse small intestine. The LG2055 markedly increased the amount of IgA in a co-culture of B cells and bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDC), and TLR2 signal is critical for it. In addition, it is demonstrated that LG2055 stimulates BMDC to promote the production of TGF-β, BAFF, IL-6, and IL-10, all critical for IgA production from B cells. Combined stimulation of B cells with BAFF and LG2055 enhanced the induction of IgA production. Further, TGF-β signal was shown to be critical for LG2055-induced IgA production in the B cell and BMDC co-culture system, but TGF-β did not induce IgA production in a culture of only B cells stimulated with LG2055. Furthermore, TGF-β was critical for the production of BAFF, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β itself from LG2055-stimulated BMDC. These results demonstrate that TGF-β was produced by BMDC stimulated with LG2055 and it has an autocrine/paracrine function essential for BMDC to induce the production of BAFF, IL-6, and IL-10.
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Nguyen NL, So KK, Kim JM, Kim SH, Jang YS, Yang MS, Kim DH. Expression and characterization of an M cell-specific ligand-fused dengue virus tetravalent epitope using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 119:19-27. [PMID: 25027708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A fusion construct (Tet-EDIII-Co1) consisting of an M cell-specific peptide ligand (Co1) at the C-terminus of a recombinant tetravalent gene encoding the amino acid sequences of dengue envelope domain III (Tet-EDIII) from four serotypes was expressed and tested for binding activity to the mucosal immune inductive site M cells for the development of an oral vaccine. The yeast episomal expression vector, pYEGPD-TER, which was designed to direct gene expression using the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) promoter, a functional signal peptide of the amylase 1A protein from rice, and the GAL7 terminator, was used to clone the Tet-EDIII-Co1 gene and resultant plasmids were then used to transform Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PCR and back-transformation into Escherichia coli confirmed the presence of the Tet-EDIII-Co1 gene-containing plasmid in transformants. Northern blot analysis of transformed S. cerevisiae identified the presence of the Tet-EDIII-Co1-specific transcript. Western blot analysis indicated that the produced Tet-EDIII-Co1 protein with the expected molecular weight was successfully secreted into the culture medium. Quantitative Western blot analysis and ELISA revealed that the recombinant Tet-EDIII-Co1 protein comprised approximately 0.1-0.2% of cell-free extracts (CFEs). In addition, 0.1-0.2 mg of Tet-EDIII-Co1 protein per liter of culture filtrate was detected on day 1, and this quantity peaked on day 3 after cultivation. In vivo binding assays showed that the Tet-EDIII-Co1 protein was delivered specifically to M cells in Peyer's patches (PPs) while the Tet-EDIII protein lacking the Co1 ligand did not, which demonstrated the efficient targeting of this antigenic protein through the mucosal-specific ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Luong Nguyen
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kum-Kang So
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Kim
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Hae Kim
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Jang
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Sik Yang
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kim
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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Kato T, Fukuda S, Fujiwara A, Suda W, Hattori M, Kikuchi J, Ohno H. Multiple omics uncovers host-gut microbial mutualism during prebiotic fructooligosaccharide supplementation. DNA Res 2014; 21:469-80. [PMID: 24848698 PMCID: PMC4195493 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsu013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharide (FOS), a prebiotic well known for its health-promoting properties, can improve the human gut ecosystem most likely through changes in its microbial composition. However, the detailed mechanism(s) of action of FOS in the modulation of the gut ecosystem remain(s) obscure. Traditional methods of profiling microbes and metabolites could barely show any significant features due to the existence of large interindividual differences, but our novel microbe–metabolite correlation approach, combined with faecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) measurements, has revealed that the induction of mucosal IgA by FOS supplementation correlated with the presence of specific bacteria. Furthermore, the metabolic dynamics of butyrate, l-phenylalanine, l-lysine and tyramine were positively correlated with that of these bacteria and IgA production, whereas p-cresol was negatively correlated. Taken together, our focused intraindividual analysis with omics approaches is a powerful strategy for uncovering the gut molecular network and could provide a new vista for understanding the human gut ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Kato
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Akemi Fujiwara
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Wataru Suda
- Center for Omics and Bioinformatics, Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Masahira Hattori
- Center for Omics and Bioinformatics, Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan Environmental Metabolic Analysis Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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29
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Jinno S, Nakamura Y, Nagata M, Takahashi T. 1-Kestose consumption during pregnancy and lactation increases the levels of IgA in the milk of lactating mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:861-6. [PMID: 25035990 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.905179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To examine the effect of dietary supplementation with 1-kestose on the IgA levels in milk, BALB/c mice were fed diets with or without 5% 1-kestose during pregnancy and lactation. The total and specific IgA levels in the milk were measured at 7 and 14 days after delivery. A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures resulted in a significant effect of 1-kestose-supplementation on total IgA concentrations (p < 0.05) and the level of anti-Bacteroides IgA (p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between the mean count of Bacteroides spp. in maternal feces and the total IgA concentration in maternal milk (r = 0.55, p < 0.05), suggesting a potential link between the gut and mammary gland immune system. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the effects of dietary prebiotics on milk IgA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Jinno
- a Nutrition Research Department, Food Science Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development , Meiji Co., Ltd. , Odawara , Japan
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30
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Matsuzaki C, Kamishima K, Matsumoto K, Koga H, Katayama T, Yamamoto K, Hisa K. Immunomodulating activity of exopolysaccharide-producing Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain NTM048 from green peas. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 116:980-9. [PMID: 24314091 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present work was aimed to find novel probiotics to enhance the mucosal barrier function of humans. The effectiveness was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Stimulation of IgA production in mucosal surfaces is one of the most beneficial traits of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for enhancing the barrier. Therefore, 173 LAB strains were evaluated for the ability to induce IgA production using murine Peyer's patch cells. Strain NTM048 isolated from green peas showed the highest activity and was identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides. This strain was found to tolerate gastrointestinal digestion and produce large amounts of exopolysaccharides, which possess IgA-inducing activity. Dietary supplementation with NTM048 induced a significant increase in the faecal IgA content and plasma IgA levels of BALB/cA mice. A gene expression analysis of Peyer's patch cells revealed that the transforming growth factor-β and activation-induced cytidine deaminase genes were upregulated by NTM048 intake. CONCLUSIONS Strain NTM048 stimulates Peyer's patch cells to induce intestinal and systemic immune response, revealing the potential of NTM048 as a probiotic for enhancing the mucosal barrier function. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This report demonstrates a food-applicable Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain secreting exopolysaccharide that shows high IgA-inducing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Matsuzaki
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
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31
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Bernal MJ, Periago MJ, Martínez R, Ortuño I, Sánchez-Solís M, Ros G, Romero F, Abellán P. Effects of infant cereals with different carbohydrate profiles on colonic function--randomised and double-blind clinical trial in infants aged between 6 and 12 months--pilot study. Eur J Pediatr 2013; 172:1535-42. [PMID: 23812516 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-013-2079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infant cereals are often the elected foodstuff for beginning complementary feeding and provide carbohydrates which are different to those found in maternal milk. The objective of this preliminary study was to ascertain the colonic effects of two infant cereals, with different carbohydrate profiles, in a randomised and double-blind trial in healthy infants. Nineteen term infants between 6.3 and 9.8 months of age were enrolled, after written informed consent was obtained from parents. Ten subjects were allocated to take infant cereal A and nine, infant cereal B. An intervention period was 2 months, with five visits every 15 days, to take anthropometric measurements and faeces samples for the analysis of microbiota, short-chain fatty acids concentration (SCFA), pH value and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA). An adequate growth and stool frequency was registered in both intervention groups. Faecal counts of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, Clostridium and Bacteroides did not show any statistical differences. However, a significantly (P < 0.05) higher butyric acid and sIgA, and lower faecal pH were observed in infants who had ingested infant cereal A, with a higher ratio complex/simple carbohydrates. In conclusion, small changes in the carbohydrate profile of infant cereals could lead to significant differences in parameters related to fermentative activity of intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Bernal
- Global Technology Center For Infant Nutrition, Hero Group, Avda. Murcia 1, 30820, Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain,
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32
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Holmfeldt K, Solonenko N, Shah M, Corrier K, Riemann L, VerBerkmoes NC, Sullivan MB. Twelve previously unknown phage genera are ubiquitous in global oceans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:12798-803. [PMID: 23858439 PMCID: PMC3732932 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1305956110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are fundamental to ecosystems ranging from oceans to humans, yet our ability to study them is bottlenecked by the lack of ecologically relevant isolates, resulting in "unknowns" dominating culture-independent surveys. Here we present genomes from 31 phages infecting multiple strains of the aquatic bacterium Cellulophaga baltica (Bacteroidetes) to provide data for an underrepresented and environmentally abundant bacterial lineage. Comparative genomics delineated 12 phage groups that (i) each represent a new genus, and (ii) represent one novel and four well-known viral families. This diversity contrasts the few well-studied marine phage systems, but parallels the diversity of phages infecting human-associated bacteria. Although all 12 Cellulophaga phages represent new genera, the podoviruses and icosahedral, nontailed ssDNA phages were exceptional, with genomes up to twice as large as those previously observed for each phage type. Structural novelty was also substantial, requiring experimental phage proteomics to identify 83% of the structural proteins. The presence of uncommon nucleotide metabolism genes in four genera likely underscores the importance of scavenging nutrient-rich molecules as previously seen for phages in marine environments. Metagenomic recruitment analyses suggest that these particular Cellulophaga phages are rare and may represent a first glimpse into the phage side of the rare biosphere. However, these analyses also revealed that these phage genera are widespread, occurring in 94% of 137 investigated metagenomes. Together, this diverse and novel collection of phages identifies a small but ubiquitous fraction of unknown marine viral diversity and provides numerous environmentally relevant phage-host systems for experimental hypothesis testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Holmfeldt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Natalie Solonenko
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Manesh Shah
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831; and
| | - Kristen Corrier
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831; and
| | - Lasse Riemann
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 3000 Helsingor, Denmark
| | | | - Matthew B. Sullivan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
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Ulsemer P, Toutounian K, Kressel G, Schmidt J, Karsten U, Hahn A, Goletz S. Safety and tolerance of Bacteroides xylanisolvens DSM 23964 in healthy adults. Benef Microbes 2012; 3:99-111. [PMID: 22417778 DOI: 10.3920/bm2011.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We recently presented the strain Bacteroides xylanisolvens DSM 23964 to be safe for use in food. In order to confirm the tolerance of healthy humans to a regular oral intake of the strain B. xylanisolvens DSM 23964, we here report on the safety data of two successive human studies: a randomised and double-blind parallel group-controlled pilot study with 41 volunteers receiving a daily dose of a pasteurised fermented milk product containing up to 8.5×1011B. xylanisolvens DSM 23964 cells for 3 weeks, and a randomised and placebo-controlled double-blind major study with 140 volunteers receiving the same product but spray-dried and containing up to 1012 cells for 6 weeks. In both studies no persistent side effects of any kind were reported. The measured haematological parameters, and the serum concentrations of immunoglobulin and of inflammatory markers (IL-6, CRP, IFN-γ) were unaffected by the supplementation in both studies. A small decrease in the phagocytic activity of granulocytes and a small increase of TNF-α detected in the pilot study were both invalidated by the major study. This study further revealed that the supplementation induced no modification in natural killer cell activity and in liver enzyme values (gamma-glutamyl-transferase, glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase). Our results definitively demonstrate that the pasteurised B. xylanisolvens DSM 23964 strain is safe and well tolerated by healthy human individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ulsemer
- Glycotope GmbH, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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Yanagibashi T, Hosono A, Oyama A, Tsuda M, Suzuki A, Hachimura S, Takahashi Y, Momose Y, Itoh K, Hirayama K, Takahashi K, Kaminogawa S. IgA production in the large intestine is modulated by a different mechanism than in the small intestine: Bacteroides acidifaciens promotes IgA production in the large intestine by inducing germinal center formation and increasing the number of IgA+ B cells. Immunobiology 2012; 218:645-51. [PMID: 22940255 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that intestinal commensal bacteria induce immunoglobulin (Ig) A production by promoting the development of gut-associated lymphoid tissues in the small intestine. However, the precise mechanism whereby these bacteria modulate IgA production in the large intestine, which harbors the majority of intestinal commensals, is poorly understood. In addition, it is not known which commensal bacteria induce IgA production in the small intestine and which induce production in the large intestine. To address these issues, we generated gnotobiotic mice mono-associated with different murine commensal bacteria by inoculating germ-free (GF) mice with Lactobacillus johnsonii or Bacteroides acidifaciens. In GF mice, IgA production was barely detectable in the small intestine and was not detected in the large intestine. Interestingly, total IgA secretion in the large intestinal mucosa of B. acidifaciens mono-associated (BA) mice was significantly greater than that of GF and L. johnsonii mono-associated (LJ) mice. However, there was no difference in total IgA production in the small intestine of GF, LJ and BA mice. In addition, in the large intestine of BA mice, the expression of IgA(+) cells and germinal center formation were more remarkable than in GF and LJ mice. Furthermore, B. acidifaciens-specific IgA was detected in the large intestine of BA mice. These results suggest that the production of IgA in the large intestine may be modulated by a different mechanism than that in the small intestine, and that B. acidifaciens is one of the predominant bacteria responsible for promoting IgA production in the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Yanagibashi
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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Preliminary safety evaluation of a new Bacteroides xylanisolvens isolate. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 78:528-35. [PMID: 22101046 DOI: 10.1128/aem.06641-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides conferring some health benefit to the host, a bacterial strain must present an unambiguous safety status to be considered a probiotic. We here present the preliminary safety evaluation of a new Bacteroides xylanisolvens strain (DSM 23964) isolated from human feces. First results suggest that it may be able to provide probiotic health benefits. Its identity was confirmed by biochemical analysis, by sequencing of its 16S rRNA genes, and by DNA-DNA hybridization. Virulence determinants known to occur in the genus Bacteroides, such the bft enterotoxin and other enzymatic activities involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix and the capsular polysaccharide PS A, were absent in this strain. The investigation of the antibiotic susceptibility indicated that strain DSM 23964 was sensitive to metronidazole, meropenem agents, and clindamycin. Resistance to penicillin and ampicillin was identified to be conferred by the β-lactamase cepA gene and could therefore be restored by adding β-lactamase inhibitors. The localization of the cepA gene in the genome of strain DSM 23964 and the absence of detectable plasmids further suggest that a transfer of β-lactamase activity or the acquisition of other antibiotic resistances are highly improbable. Taken together, the presented data indicate that the strain B. xylanisolvens DSM 23964 has no virulence potential. Since it also resists the action of gastric enzymes and low-pH conditions, this strain is an interesting candidate for further investigation of its safety and potential health-promoting properties.
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36
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Momose Y, Park SH, Miyamoto Y, Itoh K. Design of species-specific oligonucleotide probes for the detection of Bacteroides and Parabacteroides by fluorescence in situ hybridization and their application to the analysis of mouse caecal Bacteroides-Parabacteroides microbiota. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:176-84. [PMID: 21535330 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To develop species-specific monitoring techniques for rapid detection of Bacteroides and Parabacteroides inhabiting the mouse intestine by fluorescence in situ hybridization. METHODS AND RESULTS The specificity of oligonucleotide probes was evaluated by fluorescence whole-cell hybridization. Oligonucleotide probes specific for each species hybridized only with the target bacteria. Using these probes, caecal Bacteroides-Parabacteroides microbiota of conventional mice and specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice from three different breeders were analysed. It was shown that Bacteroides acidifaciens Group-1, Group-2 and Group-3 were dominant in conventional mice and SPF mice from two out of three breeders. Bacteroides vulgatus and Parabacteroides distasonis were detected in one of these two SPF breeding colonies in addition to Bact. acidifaciens. SPF mice of the remaining breeder harboured characteristic Bacteroides-Parabacteroides microbiota, consisting of Bacteroides sp. ASF519 and Bacteroides caccae. CONCLUSIONS Bacteroides acidifaciens is the dominant and most typical species in the mouse Bacteroides-Parabacteroides microbiota. The Group-3 was identified as a novel group and revealed to occupy a major niche together with Bact. acidifaciens Group-1 and Group-2. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The species-specific probe set developed in this study was the efficient tool for rapid detection of target bacterial groups inhabiting the mouse intestine. The results of this study provide important new information on the mouse Bacteroides-Parabacteroides community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Momose
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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37
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Chassaing B, Darfeuille-Michaud A. The commensal microbiota and enteropathogens in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology 2011; 140:1720-28. [PMID: 21530738 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation arises from abnormal host-microbe interactions. The perturbations of homeostatic coexistence involve host genetic factors, barrier function, innate and adaptive immunity, as well as qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of the microbiota. Dysbiosis toward selected micro-organisms and decreased complexity of commensal bacteria have been observed in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, but it is not clear whether the dysbiosis contributes to development of inflammatory bowel disease or is instead a consequence of the disease. Pathogens with virulence factors that allow them to breach the intestinal barrier and induce chronic inflammation might mediate the pathogenesis of these diseases. To identify new therapeutic approaches for inflammatory bowel disease, it is important to identify host susceptibility factors involved in the control of microbial infection, characterize potential pathogens, and eliminate them or block the expression of their virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Chassaing
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Jeune Equipe JE 2526, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Oda Y, Ueda F, Kamei A, Kakinuma C, Abe K. Biochemical investigation and gene expression analysis of the immunostimulatory functions of an edible Salacia extract in rat small intestine. Biofactors 2011; 37:31-9. [PMID: 21328625 DOI: 10.1002/biof.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Roots and bark from plants belonging to genus Salacia of the family Hippocrateaceae (Salacia reticulata, Salacia oblonga, etc.) have been used for traditional Ayurvedic medicine, particularly for the treatment of diabetes. In our study, we evaluated the gene expression profiles in the small intestinal epithelium of rats that were given a Salacia plant extract to gain insight into its effects on the small intestine. In detail, DNA microarray analysis was performed to evaluate the gene expression profiles in the rat ileal epithelium. The intestinal bacterial flora was also studied using T-RFLP (Nagashima method) in these rats. Expressions of many immune-related genes, especially Th1-related genes associated with cell-mediated immunity, were found to increase in the small intestinal epithelium and the intestinal bacterial flora became similar to those in the case with Salacia plant extract administration. Our study thus revealed that Salacia plant extract exerts bioregulatory functions by boosting intestinal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Oda
- Research and Development Management Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, Japan.
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39
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Abstract
Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host specific, evolving throughout an individual's lifetime and susceptible to both exogenous and endogenous modifications. Recent renewed interest in the structure and function of this “organ” has illuminated its central position in health and disease. The microbiota is intimately involved in numerous aspects of normal host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. Additionally, they can be a central or a contributing cause of many diseases, affecting both near and far organ systems. The overall balance in the composition of the gut microbial community, as well as the presence or absence of key species capable of effecting specific responses, is important in ensuring homeostasis or lack thereof at the intestinal mucosa and beyond. The mechanisms through which microbiota exerts its beneficial or detrimental influences remain largely undefined, but include elaboration of signaling molecules and recognition of bacterial epitopes by both intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further our knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Sekirov
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shannon L. Russell
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - L. Caetano M. Antunes
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - B. Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Finkelman FD, Hogan SP, Hershey GKK, Rothenberg ME, Wills-Karp M. Importance of cytokines in murine allergic airway disease and human asthma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:1663-74. [PMID: 20130218 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a common, disabling inflammatory respiratory disease that has increased in frequency and severity in developed nations. We review studies of murine allergic airway disease (MAAD) and human asthma that evaluate the importance of Th2 cytokines, Th2 response-promoting cytokines, IL-17, and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in MAAD and human asthma. We discuss murine studies that directly stimulate airways with specific cytokines or delete, inactivate, neutralize, or block specific cytokines or their receptors, as well as controversial issues including the roles of IL-5, IL-17, and IL-13Ralpha2 in MAAD and IL-4Ralpha expression by specific cell types. Studies of human asthmatic cytokine gene and protein expression, linkage of cytokine polymorphisms to asthma, cytokine responses to allergen stimulation, and clinical responses to cytokine antagonists are discussed as well. Results of these analyses establish the importance of specific cytokines in MAAD and human asthma and have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred D Finkelman
- Department of Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA.
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Kaminogawa S. Effects of Food Components on Intestinal Flora, Intestinal Immune System and their Mutualism. Biosci Microflora 2010. [DOI: 10.12938/bifidus.29.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Kaminogawa
- Food and Physiological Functions Laboratory, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
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