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Schroeder J, Polemi KM, Tapaswi A, Svoboda LK, Sexton JZ, Colacino JA. Investigating phenotypic plasticity due to toxicants with exposure disparities in primary human breast cells in vitro. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1411295. [PMID: 38915368 PMCID: PMC11194339 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1411295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer, as well as the primary cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Of the different breast cancer subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is particularly aggressive and is associated with poor prognosis. Black women are two to three times more likely to be diagnosed with TNBCs than white women. Recent experimental evidence suggests that basal-like TNBCs may derive from luminal cells which acquire basal characteristics through phenotypic plasticity, a newly recognized hallmark of cancer. Whether chemical exposures can promote phenotypic plasticity in breast cells is poorly understood. Methods To investigate further, we developed a high-content immunocytochemistry assay using normal human breast cells to test whether chemical exposures can impact luminal/basal plasticity by unbiased quantification of keratin 14 (KRT14), a basal-myoepithelial marker; keratin 8 (KRT8), a luminal-epithelial marker; and Hoechst 33342, a DNA marker. Six cell lines established from healthy tissue from donors to the Susan G. Komen Normal Tissue Bank were exposed for 48 hours to three different concentrations (0.1μM, 1μM, and 10μM) of eight ubiquitous chemicals (arsenic, BPA, BPS, cadmium, copper, DDE, lead, and PFNA), with documented exposure disparities in US Black women, in triplicate. Automated fluorescence image quantification was performed using Cell Profiler software, and a random-forest classifier was trained to classify individual cells as KRT8 positive, KRT14 positive, or hybrid (both KRT8 and KRT14 positive) using Cell Profiler Analyst. Results and discussion Results demonstrated significant concentration-dependent increases in hybrid populations in response to BPA, BPS, DDE, and PFNA. The increase in hybrid populations expressing both KRT14 and KRT8 is indicative of a phenotypically plastic progenitor-like population in line with known theories of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, BPA, BPS, DDE, and copper produced significant increases in cell proliferation, which could be indicative of a more malignant phenotype. These results further elucidate the relationship between chemical exposure and breast phenotypic plasticity and highlight potential environmental factors that may impact TNBC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Schroeder
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Katelyn M. Polemi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Anagha Tapaswi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Laurie K. Svoboda
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jonathan Z. Sexton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Justin A. Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Program in the Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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2
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Wang H, Gan X, Tang Y. Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Cadmium (Cd)-Induced Malignancy. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04189-2. [PMID: 38683269 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The environmental pollution of cadmium is worsening, and its significant carcinogenic effects on humans have been confirmed. Cadmium can induce cancer through various signaling pathways, including the ERK/JNK/p38MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, NF-κB, and Wnt. It can also cause cancer by directly damaging DNA and inhibiting DNA repair systems, or through epigenetic mechanisms such as abnormal DNA methylation, LncRNA, and microRNA. However, the detailed mechanisms of Cd-induced cancer are still not fully understood and require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Wang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xuehui Gan
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yan Tang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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3
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Ali Hussein M, Kamalakkannan A, Valinezhad K, Kannan J, Paleati N, Saad R, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Munirathinam G. The dynamic face of cadmium-induced Carcinogenesis: Mechanisms, emerging trends, and future directions. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 6:100166. [PMID: 38706786 PMCID: PMC11068539 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a malleable element with odorless, tasteless characteristics that occurs naturally in the earth's crust, underground water, and soil. The most common reasons for the anthropological release of Cd to the environment include industrial metal mining, smelting, battery manufacturing, fertilizer production, and cigarette smoking. Cadmium-containing products may enter the environment as soluble salts, vapor, or particle forms that accumulate in food, soil, water, and air. Several epidemiological studies have highlighted the association between Cd exposure and adverse health outcomes, especially renal toxicity, and the impact of Cd exposure on the development and progression of carcinogenesis. Also highlighted is the evidence for early-life and even maternal exposure to Cd leading to devastating health outcomes, especially the risk of cancer development in adulthood. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how Cd mediates carcinogenic transformation, including epigenetic alteration, DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modification, dysregulated non-coding RNA, DNA damage in the form of DNA mutation, strand breaks, and chromosomal abnormalities with double-strand break representing the most common DNA form of damage. Cd induces an indirect genotoxic effect by reducing p53's DNA binding activity, eventually impairing DNA repair, inducing downregulation in the expression of DNA repair genes, which might result in carcinogenic transformation, enhancing lipid peroxidation or evasion of antioxidant interference such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione. Moreover, Cd mediates apoptosis evasion, autophagy activation, and survival mechanisms. In this review, we decipher the role of Cd mediating carcinogenic transformation in different models and highlight the interaction between various mechanisms. We also discuss diagnostic markers, therapeutic interventions, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ali Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt, 57357 Cairo, Egypt
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology (IGHHE), School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Abishek Kamalakkannan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Kamyab Valinezhad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Jhishnuraj Kannan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Nikhila Paleati
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Undergraduate Studies, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Rama Saad
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - André Kajdacsy-Balla
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Gnanasekar Munirathinam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
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4
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Zimta AA, Cenariu D, Tigu AB, Moldovan C, Jurj A, Pirlog R, Pop C, Gurzau ES, Fischer-Fodor E, Pop L, Braicu C, Berindan-Neagoe I. Differential effect of the duration of exposure on the carcinogenicity of cadmium in MCF10A mammary epithelial cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 186:114523. [PMID: 38382870 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The carcinogenic role of cadmium (Cd2+) in breast cancer is still debatable. Current data points to duration of exposure as the most important element. In our study, we designed an in vitro model to investigate the effects of 3 weeks versus 6 weeks of low-level CdCl2 exposure on MCF10A cells. Our results demonstrated that after 3 weeks of CdCl2 exposure the cells displayed significant changes in the DNA integrity, but there was no development of malignant features. Interestingly, after 6 weeks of exposure, the cells significantly increased their invasion, migration and colony formation capacities. Additionally, MCF10A cells exposed for 6 weeks to CdCl2 had many dysregulated genes (4905 up-regulated and 4262 down-regulated). As follows, Cd-induced phenotypical changes are accompanied by a profound modification of the transcriptomic landscape. Furthermore, the molecular alterations driving carcinogenesis in MCF10A cells exposed to CdCl2 were found to be influenced by the duration of exposure, as in the case of MEG8. This long non-coding RNA was down-regulated at 3 weeks, but up-regulated at 6 weeks of exposure. In conclusion, even very low levels of Cd (0.5 μM) can have significant carcinogenic effects on breast cells in the case of subchronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina-Andreea Zimta
- MedFuture-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4-6 Louis Pasteur Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Diana Cenariu
- MedFuture-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4-6 Louis Pasteur Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Bogdan Tigu
- MedFuture-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4-6 Louis Pasteur Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Moldovan
- MedFuture-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4-6 Louis Pasteur Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ancuta Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Pirlog
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Pop
- Environmental Health Center, 58 Busuiocului Street, 400240, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eugen S Gurzau
- Environmental Health Center, 58 Busuiocului Street, 400240, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Cluj School of Public Health, College of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 7 Pandurilor Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eva Fischer-Fodor
- Tumour Biology Department, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă", 34-36 Republicii Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura Pop
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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5
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Cirovic A, Satarug S. Toxicity Tolerance in the Carcinogenesis of Environmental Cadmium. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1851. [PMID: 38339129 PMCID: PMC10855822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental toxicant of worldwide public health significance. Diet is the main non-workplace Cd exposure source other than passive and active smoking. The intestinal absorption of Cd involves transporters for essential metals, notably iron and zinc. These transporters determine the Cd body burden because only a minuscule amount of Cd can be excreted each day. The International Agency for Research on Cancer listed Cd as a human lung carcinogen, but the current evidence suggests that the effects of Cd on cancer risk extend beyond the lung. A two-year bioassay demonstrated that Cd caused neoplasms in multiple tissues of mice. Also, several non-tumorigenic human cells transformed to malignant cells when they were exposed to a sublethal dose of Cd for a prolonged time. Cd does not directly damage DNA, but it influences gene expression through interactions with essential metals and various proteins. The present review highlights the epidemiological studies that connect an enhanced risk of various neoplastic diseases to chronic exposure to environmental Cd. Special emphasis is given to the impact of body iron stores on the absorption of Cd, and its implications for breast cancer prevention in highly susceptible groups of women. Resistance to cell death and other cancer phenotypes acquired during Cd-induced cancer cell transformation, under in vitro conditions, are briefly discussed. The potential role for the ZnT1 efflux transporter in the cellular acquisition of tolerance to Cd cytotoxicity is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Cirovic
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Soisungwan Satarug
- Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
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6
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Yue Y, Zhang H, Deng P, Tan M, Chen C, Tang B, Li J, Chen F, Zhao Q, Li L, Hao R, Wang H, Luo Y, Tian L, Xie J, Chen M, Yu Z, Zhou Z, Pi H. Environmental cadmium exposure facilitates mammary tumorigenesis via reprogramming gut microbiota-mediated glutamine metabolism in MMTV-Erbb2 mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165348. [PMID: 37429473 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that has been widely reported to be linked to the onset and progression of breast cancer (BC). However, the mechanism of Cd-induced mammary tumorigenesis remains elusive. In our study, a transgenic mouse model that spontaneously develops tumors through overexpression of wild-type Erbb2 (MMTV-Erbb2) was constructed to investigate the effects of Cd exposure on BC tumorigenesis. The results showed that oral exposure to 3.6 mg/L Cd for 23 weeks dramatically accelerated tumor appearance and growth, increased Ki67 density and enhanced focal necrosis and neovascularization in the tumor tissue of MMTV-Erbb2 mice. Notably, Cd exposure enhanced glutamine (Gln) metabolism in tumor tissue, and 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON), a Gln metabolism antagonist, inhibited Cd-induced breast carcinogenesis. Then our metagenomic sequencing and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics confirmed that Cd exposure disturbed gut microbiota homeostasis, especially Helicobacter and Campylobacter abundance remodeling, which altered the gut metabolic homeostasis of Gln. Moreover, intratumoral Gln metabolism profoundly increased under Cd-elevated gut permeability. Importantly, depletion of microbiota with an antibiotic cocktail (AbX) treatment led to a significant delay in the appearance of palpable tumors, inhibition of tumor growth, decrease in tumor weight, reduction in Ki67 expression and low-grade pathology in Cd-exposed MMTV-Erbb2 mice. Also, transplantation of Cd-modulated microbiota decreased tumor latency, accelerated tumor growth, increased tumor weight, upregulated Ki67 expression and exacerbated neovascularization as well as focal necrosis in MMTV-Erbb2 mice. In summary, Cd exposure induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, elevated gut permeability and increased intratumoral Gln metabolism, leading to the promotion of mammary tumorigenesis. This study provides novel insights into environmental Cd exposure-mediated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yue
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Huadong Zhang
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Ping Deng
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Miduo Tan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiang Ya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou 412000, Hunan, China
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jingdian Li
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fengqiong Chen
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Rongrong Hao
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jia Xie
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mengyan Chen
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Huifeng Pi
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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7
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Wright GM, Menzel J, Tatman PD, Black JC. Transition from Transient DNA Rereplication to Inherited Gene Amplification Following Prolonged Environmental Stress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.08.539886. [PMID: 37214911 PMCID: PMC10197558 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.08.539886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cells require the ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, however, it is unclear how these changes elicit stable permanent changes in genomes. We demonstrate that, in response to environmental metal exposure, the metallothionein (MT) locus undergoes DNA rereplication generating transient site-specific gene amplifications (TSSGs). Chronic metal exposure allows transition from MT TSSG to inherited MT gene amplification through homologous recombination within and outside of the MT locus. DNA rereplication of the MT locus is suppressed by H3K27me3 and EZH2. Long-term ablation of EZH2 activity eventually leads to integration and inheritance of MT gene amplifications without the selective pressure of metal exposure. The rereplication and inheritance of MT gene amplification is an evolutionarily conserved response to environmental metal from yeast to human. Our results describe a new paradigm for adaptation to environmental stress where targeted, transient DNA rereplication precedes stable inherited gene amplification.
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Rancu A, Chen CX, Price H, Wax A. Multiscale optical phase fluctuations link disorder strength and fractal dimension of cell structure. Biophys J 2023; 122:1390-1399. [PMID: 36872604 PMCID: PMC10111344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical methods for examining cellular structure based on endogenous contrast rely on analysis of refractive index changes to discriminate cell phenotype. These changes can be visualized using techniques such as phase contrast microscopy, detected by light scattering, or analyzed numerically using quantitative phase imaging. The statistical variations of refractive index at the nanoscale can be quantified using disorder strength, a metric seen to increase with neoplastic change. In contrast, the spatial organization of these variations is typically characterized using a fractal dimension, which is also seen to increase with cancer progression. Here, we seek to link these two measurements using multiscale measurements of optical phase to calculate disorder strength and in turn to determine the fractal dimension of the structures. First, quantitative phase images are analyzed to show that the disorder strength metric changes with resolution. The trend of disorder strength with length scales is analyzed to determine the fractal dimension of the cellular structures. Comparison of these metrics is presented for different cell lines with varying phenotypes including MCF10A, MCF7, BT474, HT-29, A431, and A549 cell lines, in addition to three cell populations with modified phenotypes. Our results show that disorder strength and fractal dimension can both be obtained with quantitative phase imaging and that these metrics can independently distinguish between different cell lines. Furthermore, their combined use presents a new approach for better understanding cellular restructuring during different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Rancu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cindy X Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hillel Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
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Wright GM, Black JC. Genomic Redistribution of Metal-Response Transcription Factor-1 (MTF-1) in Cadmium Resistant Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060953. [PMID: 36980293 PMCID: PMC10047149 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Metal homeostasis is an important part of cellular programs and is disrupted when cells are exposed to carcinogenic heavy metals. Metal response is mediated by the metal response element transcription factor MTF-1. However, where MTF-1 binds and how that binding changes in response to heavy metals, such as cadmium, remains unknown. (2) Methods: To investigate the effects of prolonged cadmium exposure on the genomic distribution of MTF-1, we performed MTF-1 CUT&RUN, RNA-seq and ATAC-seq on control and cadmium-resistant cells. (3) Results: Changes in MTF-1 binding primarily occur distal to the transcription start sight. Newly occupied MTF-1 sites are enriched for FOS/JUN DNA binding motifs, while regions that lose MTF-1 binding in cadmium are enriched for the FOX transcription factor family member DNA binding sites. (4) Conclusions: Relocalization of MTF-1 to new genomic loci does not alter the accessibility of these locations. Our results support a model whereby MTF-1 is relocalized to accessible FOS/JUN-bound genomic locations in response to cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Wright
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joshua C Black
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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10
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Satarug S, Vesey DA, Gobe GC, Phelps KR. Estimation of health risks associated with dietary cadmium exposure. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:329-358. [PMID: 36592197 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03432-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In much of the world, currently employed upper limits of tolerable intake and acceptable excretion of cadmium (Cd) (ECd/Ecr) are 0.83 µg/kg body weight/day and 5.24 µg/g creatinine, respectively. These figures were derived from a risk assessment model that interpreted β2-microglobulin (β2MG) excretion > 300 μg/g creatinine as a "critical" endpoint. However, current evidence suggests that Cd accumulation reduces glomerular filtration rate at values of ECd/Ecr much lower than 5.24 µg/g creatinine. Low ECd/Ecr has also been associated with increased risks of kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, cancer, and other disorders. These associations have cast considerable doubt on conventional guidelines. The goals of this paper are to evaluate whether these guidelines are low enough to minimize associated health risks reliably, and indeed whether permissible intake of a cumulative toxin like Cd is a valid concept. We highlight sources and levels of Cd in the human diet and review absorption, distribution, kidney accumulation, and excretion of the metal. We present evidence for the following propositions: excreted Cd emanates from injured tubular epithelial cells of the kidney; Cd excretion is a manifestation of current tissue injury; reduction of present and future exposure to environmental Cd cannot mitigate injury in progress; and Cd excretion is optimally expressed as a function of creatinine clearance rather than creatinine excretion. We comprehensively review the adverse health effects of Cd and urine and blood Cd levels at which adverse effects have been observed. The cumulative nature of Cd toxicity and the susceptibility of multiple organs to toxicity at low body burdens raise serious doubt that guidelines concerning permissible intake of Cd can be meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soisungwan Satarug
- Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Level 5, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - David A Vesey
- Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Level 5, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Level 5, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for CKD QLD, UQ Health Sciences, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kenneth R Phelps
- Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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Wei Y, Shen H, Gao C, Du Y, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhou S, Li J, Zhao B, Wu D. Electrochemical detection mechanism of estrogen effect induced by cadmium: The regulation of purine metabolism by the estrogen effect of cadmium. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136970. [PMID: 36283430 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Some heavy metals in the environment may have estrogen-like activity, which probably lead to major diseases such as breast cancer. It is of great importance to establish new methods to evaluate the estrogen effect of heavy metals from multiple angles due to the complex mechanism of estrogen effect. In this paper, using MCF-7 cells as model, the electrochemical detection mechanism of the estrogen effect of heavy metal cadmium (Cd) was studied. The two electrochemical signals of MCF-7 cells derived from uric acid (0.30 V) and the mixture of guanine and xanthine (0.68 V) increased in a time and dose-dependent manner when MCF-7 cells induced by Cd, reaching the maximum at 96 h and 10-9 mol L-1. Further studies found that three purine metabolism pathways about de novo synthesis, salvage synthesis and decomposition metabolism were activated by the estrogen effect of Cd. The expression of PRPP amidotransferase in purine de novo synthesis pathway and HPRT in purine salvage synthesis pathway up-regulated, especially HPRT, which promoted cell proliferation together. Nevertheless, the expression of GDA and ADA, the key enzymes in purine decomposition metabolism pathway, up-regulated in a time and dose-dependent manner, which had same tendency with that of ERα, thereby increased the content of intracellular hypoxanthine, guanine, xanthine and uric acid, and enhanced electrochemical signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, PR China
| | - Hongkuan Shen
- Jiamusi Inspection and Testing Center, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, PR China
| | - Changsheng Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, PR China
| | - Yuan Du
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, PR China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, PR China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, PR China
| | - Shi Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, PR China
| | - Jinlian Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, PR China.
| | - Baojiang Zhao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, PR China.
| | - Dongmei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, PR China.
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12
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Zhao L, Islam R, Wang Y, Zhang X, Liu LZ. Epigenetic Regulation in Chromium-, Nickel- and Cadmium-Induced Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235768. [PMID: 36497250 PMCID: PMC9737485 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental and occupational exposure to heavy metals, such as hexavalent chromium, nickel, and cadmium, are major health concerns worldwide. Some heavy metals are well-documented human carcinogens. Multiple mechanisms, including DNA damage, dysregulated gene expression, and aberrant cancer-related signaling, have been shown to contribute to metal-induced carcinogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms accounting for heavy metal-induced carcinogenesis and angiogenesis are still not fully understood. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have indicated that in addition to genotoxicity and genetic mutations, epigenetic mechanisms play critical roles in metal-induced cancers. Epigenetics refers to the reversible modification of genomes without changing DNA sequences; epigenetic modifications generally involve DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs. Epigenetic regulation is essential for maintaining normal gene expression patterns; the disruption of epigenetic modifications may lead to altered cellular function and even malignant transformation. Therefore, aberrant epigenetic modifications are widely involved in metal-induced cancer formation, development, and angiogenesis. Notably, the role of epigenetic mechanisms in heavy metal-induced carcinogenesis and angiogenesis remains largely unknown, and further studies are urgently required. In this review, we highlight the current advances in understanding the roles of epigenetic mechanisms in heavy metal-induced carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and angiogenesis.
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13
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Yan Y, Shi M, Fannin R, Yu L, Liu J, Castro L, Dixon D. Prolonged Cadmium Exposure Alters Migration Dynamics and Increases Heterogeneity of Human Uterine Fibroid Cells—Insights from Time Lapse Analysis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040917. [PMID: 35453667 PMCID: PMC9031958 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most prevalent environmental heavy metal contaminants and is considered an endocrine disruptor and carcinogen. In women with uterine fibroids, there is a correlation between blood Cd levels and fibroid tumor size. In this study, fibroid cells were exposed to 10 µM CdCl2 for 6 months and a fast-growing Cd-Resistant Leiomyoma culture, termed CR-LM6, was recovered. To characterize the morphological and mechanodynamic features of uterine fibroid cells associated with prolonged Cd exposure, we conducted time lapse imaging using a Zeiss confocal microscope and analyzed data by Imaris and RStudio. Our experiments recorded more than 64,000 trackable nuclear surface objects, with each having multiple parameters such as nuclear size and shape, speed, location, orientation, track length, and track straightness. Quantitative analysis revealed that prolonged Cd exposure significantly altered cell migration behavior, such as increased track length and reduced track straightness. Cd exposure also significantly increased the heterogeneity in nuclear size. Additionally, Cd significantly increased the median and variance of instantaneous speed, indicating that Cd exposure results in higher speed and greater variation in motility. Profiling of mRNA by NanoString analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) strongly suggested that the direction of gene expression changes due to Cd exposure enhanced cell movement and invasion. The altered expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes such as collagens, matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs), secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), which are important for migration contact guidance, may be responsible for the greater heterogeneity. The significantly increased heterogeneity of nuclear size, speed, and altered migration patterns may be a prerequisite for fibroid cells to attain characteristics favorable for cancer progression, invasion, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitang Yan
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Min Shi
- Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Rick Fannin
- Molecular Genomics Core Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Linda Yu
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Jingli Liu
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Lysandra Castro
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Darlene Dixon
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-984-287-3848
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14
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Kateryna T, Monika L, Beata J, Joanna R, Edyta R, Marcin B, Agnieszka KW, Ewa J. Cadmium and breast cancer – current state and research gaps in the underlying mechanisms. Toxicol Lett 2022; 361:29-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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Chen J, Zhou Z, Lin X, Liao J, Zhang Y, Xie B, Huang Y, Peng L. Environmental Cadmium Exposure Promotes the Development, Progression and Chemoradioresistance of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:792933. [PMID: 35252173 PMCID: PMC8894704 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.792933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) exposure has been implicated in the etiology of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), albeit with inconsistent results from epidemiologic studies and without causal evidence. In this study, we explore the relationship of Cd exposure and the development, progression and therapeutic resistance of ESCC. A total of 150 ESCC patients and 177 matched controls from a coastal region with a high incidence of ESCC in China were included in the study. It was found that the median blood Cd level (BCL) was significantly higher in ESCC patients than that in the controls. Odds ratios for ESCC risk were 3.12 (95% CI 1.54-6.30) and 3.71 (95% CI 1.84-7.48) in the third and fourth quartiles of Cd distribution, respectively. Notably, BCL above 4.71 μg/L was strongly associated with shorter progression-free survival time compared to that below 1.60 μg/L (p < 0.001). The chronic Cd-treated ESCC cells (CCT-ESCC) CCT-EC109 and CCT-EC9706 exhibited increased cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, enhanced migration and invasion, and upregulated EMT biomarkers following 12 weeks of exposure to 5 μM cadmium chloride. Furthermore, Cd treatment attenuated the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin and irradiation treatment in CCT-ESCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we revealed that Cd stimulated the cancer cell stemness and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the CCT-ESCC cells. Additionally, 5-aza-2-deoxy-cytidine treatment resulted in suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and rescue of the Cd-induced cell radioresistance. These results offer new insights into the role of environmental Cd exposure in the development, progression and chemoradioresistance of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongyu Chen
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhangzhu Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Laboratory, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xueqiong Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jiahui Liao
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, China
| | - Bingmeng Xie
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yiteng Huang
- Health Care Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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16
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Exposure to airborne cadmium and breast cancer stage, grade and histology at diagnosis: findings from the E3N cohort study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23088. [PMID: 34845239 PMCID: PMC8630221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular studies suggest that cadmium due to its estrogenic properties, might play a role in breast cancer (BC) progression. However epidemiological evidence is limited. This study explored the association between long-term exposure to airborne cadmium and risk of BC by stage, grade of differentiation, and histological types at diagnosis. A nested case-control study of 4401 cases and 4401 matched controls was conducted within the French E3N cohort. A Geographic Information System (GIS)-based metric demonstrated to reliably characterize long-term environmental exposures was employed to evaluate airborne exposure to cadmium. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. There was no relationship between cadmium exposure and stage of BC. Also, no association between cadmium exposure and grade of differentiation of BC was observed. However, further analyses by histological type suggested a positive association between cadmium and risk of invasive tubular carcinoma (ITC) BC [ORQ5 vs Q1 = 3.4 (95% CI 1.1-10.7)]. The restricted cubic spline assessment suggested a dose-response relationship between cadmium and ITC BC subtype. Our results do not support the hypothesis that airborne cadmium exposure may play a role in advanced BC risk, but suggest that cadmium may be associated with an increased risk of ITC.
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17
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Pan S, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Zhou M, Li L, Zhou X. A novel circular RNA, circPUS7 promotes cadmium-induced transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells by regulating Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog expression via sponging miR-770. Metallomics 2021; 13:6316787. [PMID: 34232319 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a human carcinogen, which induces cancers by mechanisms that are not fully understood. Induction of oxidative stress, apoptosis resistance, genotoxic effects, and epigenetic modulations have been indicated to regulate cadmium-induced carcinogenesis. Circular RNAs are epigenetic regulators that have been recognized to play essential roles in carcinogenesis. Yet, the involvement of circular RNAs in cadmium carcinogenesis remains unclear. In this study, a novel circular RNA, circPUS7, was identified and described for the first time. CircPUS7 was significantly upregulated at week 12, 16, and 20 during the cadmium-induced transformation of human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Knockdown of circPUS7 in cadmium-transformed BEAS-2B (T-BEAS-2B) cells significantly attenuated transformation markers including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth. Moreover, circPUS7 promoted malignant phenotypes by competitively binding with miR-770. Overexpression of miR-770 significantly inhibited the transformation properties of T-BEAS-2B cells while inhibition of miR-770 potently reversed the inhibitory effects of circPUS7 knockdown in proliferation, migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth of the T-BEAS-2B cells. Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), which was increased synchronically with circPUS7 during cadmium-induced cell transformation, was regulated by circPUS7 through sponging miR-770. In summary, our findings demonstrate that circPUS7 promotes cadmium-induced cell transformation through sponging miR-770 to regulate KRAS expression, providing a new perspective with the involvement of circular RNAs to further understand the mechanisms of cadmium carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Luyao Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
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18
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Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental toxicant with serious public health consequences due to its persistence within arable soils, and the ease with which it enters food chains and then, accumulates in human tissues to induce a broad range of adverse health effects. The present review focuses on the role of zinc (Zn), a nutritionally essential metal, to protect against the cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity of Cd in urinary bladder epithelial cells. The stress responses and defense mechanisms involving the low-molecular-weight metal binding protein, metallothionein (MT), are highlighted. The efflux and influx transporters of the ZnT and Zrt-/Irt-like protein (ZIP) gene families are discussed with respect to their putative role in retaining cellular Zn homeostasis. Among fourteen ZIP family members, ZIP8 and ZIP14 mediate Cd uptake by cells, while ZnT1 is among ten ZnT family members solely responsible for efflux of Zn (Cd), representing cellular defense against toxicity from excessively high Zn (Cd) intake. In theory, upregulation of the efflux transporter ZnT1 concomitant with the downregulation of influx transporters such as ZIP8 and ZIP14 can prevent Cd accumulation by cells, thereby increasing tolerance to Cd toxicity. To link the perturbation of Zn homeostasis, reflected by the aberrant expression of ZnT1, ZIP1, ZIP6, and ZIP10, with malignancy, tolerance to Cd toxicity acquired during Cd-induced transformation of a cell model of human urothelium, UROtsa, is discussed as a particular example.
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19
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Liang Y, Pi H, Liao L, Tan M, Deng P, Yue Y, Xi Y, Tian L, Xie J, Chen M, Luo Y, Chen M, Wang L, Yu Z, Zhou Z. Cadmium promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion by inhibiting ACSS2/ATG5-mediated autophagy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116504. [PMID: 33486244 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), which is considered a carcinogenic metal, promotes breast cancer (BC) progression, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. Herein, MCF-7 and T47-D cells were treated with 0.1, 1, and 10 μM cadmium chloride (CdCl2) for 24, 48 and 72 h. In our study, Cd exposure significantly accelerated the proliferation, migration and invasion of MCF-7 and T47-D cells. Notably, Cd inhibited autophagic flux by suppressing ATG5-dependent autophagosome formation but had no significant effect on autophagosome-lysosome fusion and lysosomal function. The genetic enhancement of autophagy through ATG5 overexpression suppressed the Cd-mediated increases in proliferation, migration and invasion, which indicated a carcinogenic role of autophagy impairment in Cd-exposed BC cells. GSEA and GeneMANIA were utilized to demonstrate that the Cd-induced decrease in ACSS2 expression mechanistically inhibited ATG5-dependent autophagy in BC cells. Importantly, ACSS2 overexpression increased the level of H3K27 acetylation in the promoter region of ATG5, and this result maintained autophagic flux and abolished the Cd-induced increases in proliferation, migration and invasion. We also verified that the expression of ACSS2 in BC tissues was low and positively related to ATG5 expression. These findings indicated that the promoting effect of Cd on BC cell proliferation, migration and invasion through the impairment of ACSS2/ATG5-dependent autophagic flux suggests a new mechanism for BC cell proliferation and metastasis stimulated by Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Liang
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Huifeng Pi
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingzhi Liao
- Department of Pathology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine (Central Hospital of Zhuzhou City), Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Miduo Tan
- Surgery Department of Galactophore, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine (Central Hospital of Zhuzhou City), Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Deng
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Yue
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Xi
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, And Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Xie
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengyan Chen
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liting Wang
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, And Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Pan C, Zhang L, Meng X, Qin H, Xiang Z, Gong W, Luo W, Li D, Han X. Chronic exposure to microcystin-LR increases the risk of prostate cancer and induces malignant transformation of human prostate epithelial cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128295. [PMID: 33297237 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins-LR (MC-LR) acts as a possible carcinogen for humans and causes a serious risk to public environmental health. The current study aimed to evaluate the interaction between MC-LR exposure and prostate cancer development and elucidate the underlying mechanism. In this study, mice were exposed to MC-LR at various doses for 180 days. MC-LR was able to induce the progression of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and microinvasion. Furthermore, MC-LR notably increased angiogenesis and susceptibility to prostate cancer in vivo. In vitro, over 25 weeks of MC-LR exposure, normal human prostate epithelial (RWPE-1) cells increased secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and colony formation, features typical for cancer cells. These MC-LR-transformed prostate epithelial cells displayed increased expression of forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2); abrogation of FOXM1 or COX-2 activity by specific inhibitors could abolish the invasion and migration of MC-LR-treated cells. In conclusion, we have provided compelling evidence demonstrating the induction of a malignant phenotype in human prostate epithelial cells and the in vivo development of prostate cancer by exposure to MC-LR, which might be a potential tumor promoter in the progression of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Pan
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiannan Meng
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Haixiang Qin
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zou Xiang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenyue Gong
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wenxin Luo
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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21
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Liang ZZ, Zhu RM, Li YL, Jiang HM, Li RB, Tang LY, Wang Q, Ren ZF. Differential epigenetic and transcriptional profile in MCF-7 breast cancer cells exposed to cadmium. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:128148. [PMID: 33113665 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has been confirmed to be associated with breast carcinogenesis, but the mechanism was not clarified yet. Given that epigenetic modification was speculated as underlying mechanism, we examined the differential epigenome caused by Cd in breast cancer cells. Profiles of DNA methylation, microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and message RNA (mRNA) were derived from Cd-treated and untreated MCF-7 breast cancer cells by microarray. We identified 997 target genes epigenetically regulated by Cd through cross-verification with the differential epigenome and transcriptome, and 400 of them were further validated in a breast cancer cohort. Biological function analyses suggested that several pathways were involved in Cd-induced breast carcinogenesis, such as Wnt signaling, metabolism, and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. TXNRD1 and CCT3 were further identified as the critical genes based on the degree of expression change, hazard ratio difference, and connectivity. The present study revealed that Cd epigenetically regulated several pathways involving in breast carcinogenesis, particularly the Wnt signaling and metabolic pathways, among which TXNRD1 and CCT3 might play critical roles. It was also suggested that Cd and HPV infection might jointly participate in breast tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Zhi Liang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Rui-Mei Zhu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yue-Lin Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hong-Mei Jiang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ruo-Bi Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lu-Ying Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Ze-Fang Ren
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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22
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Blommel K, Knudsen CS, Wegner K, Shrestha S, Singhal SK, Mehus AA, Garrett SH, Singhal S, Zhou X, Voels B, Sens DA, Somji S. Meta-analysis of gene expression profiling reveals novel basal gene signatures in MCF-10A cells transformed with cadmium. Oncotarget 2020; 11:3601-3617. [PMID: 33062196 PMCID: PMC7533076 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd2+) is an environmental toxicant and a human carcinogen. Several studies show an association of Cd2+ exposure to the development of breast cancer. Previously, we have transformed the immortalized non-tumorigenic cell line MCF-10A with Cd2+ and have demonstrated that the transformed cells have anchorage independent growth. In a separate study, we showed that transformation of the immortalized urothelial cells with the environmental carcinogen arsenite (As3+) results in an increase in expression of genes associated with the basal subtype of bladder cancer. In this study, we determined if transformation of the MCF-10A cells with Cd2+ would have a similar effect on the expression of basal genes. The results of our study indicate that there is a decrease in expression of genes associated with keratinization and cornification and this gene signature includes the genes associated with the basal subtype of breast cancer. An analysis of human breast cancer databases indicates an increased expression of this gene signature is associated with a positive correlation to patient survival whereas a reduced expression/absence of this gene signature is associated with poor patient survival. Thus, our study suggests that transformation of the MCF-10A cells with Cd2+ produces a decreased basal gene expression profile that correlates to patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Blommel
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Carley S Knudsen
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Kyle Wegner
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Swojani Shrestha
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Sandeep K Singhal
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Aaron A Mehus
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Scott H Garrett
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Sonalika Singhal
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Xudong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Brent Voels
- Department of Science, Cankdeska Cikana Community College, Fort Totten, ND 58335, USA
| | - Donald A Sens
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Seema Somji
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
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23
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Reynolds P, Canchola AJ, Duffy CN, Hurley S, Neuhausen SL, Horn-Ross PL, Rull RP. Urinary cadmium and timing of menarche and pubertal development in girls. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109224. [PMID: 32085996 PMCID: PMC8758186 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) is a developmental toxicant that is released into the environment during industrial processes. Previous animal studies suggest that Cd may impact the onset of puberty. OBJECTIVES To determine whether Cd exposure, measured as urinary Cd concentration, was associated with ages at menarche and pubertal development. METHODS A cohort of 211 girls, ages 10-13 years at baseline, was followed for up to two years. Girls completed an interview and self-assessment of Tanner stages of breast development and pubic hair growth. They were followed monthly until menarche. Urinary Cd concentrations were measured in overnight urine specimens. Multivariable Cox regression was used to evaluate the association between urinary Cd and age at menarche and cumulative logit regression was used to evaluate the associations between urinary Cd and breast development and pubic hair growth. RESULTS The baseline geometric mean creatinine-adjusted Cd concentration was 0.22 μg/g creatinine (geometric standard deviation = 1.6) and decreased with increasing age (p-trend = 0.04). Cd levels were higher among Asian than White girls or girls of other/mixed race/ethnicity (p = 0.04). In multivariable analyses, girls with urinary Cd ≥ 0.4 μg/L were less likely to have attained menarche than girls with urinary Cd < 0.2 μg/L (hazard ratio = 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.78). Urinary Cd was negatively associated with pubic hair growth (p-trend = 0.01) but not with breast development (p-trend = 0.72) at baseline. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a higher Cd body burden may delay some aspects of pubertal development among girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Reynolds
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Alison J Canchola
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christine N Duffy
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan Hurley
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Rudolph P Rull
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA; School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
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24
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Vanlaeys A, Fouquet G, Kischel P, Hague F, Pasco-Brassart S, Lefebvre T, Rybarczyk P, Dhennin-Duthille I, Brassart B, Ouadid-Ahidouch H, Gautier M. Cadmium exposure enhances cell migration and invasion through modulated TRPM7 channel expression. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:735-747. [PMID: 32080757 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02674-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a xenobiotic involved in neoplastic transformation. Cadmium enters the cells through divalent cation transporters including the Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin-related 7 (TRPM7) which is known to be involved in cancer cell fate. This work aimed to study the role of TRPM7 in neoplastic transformation induced by cadmium exposure in non-cancer epithelial cells. Non-cancer epithelial cells were chronically exposed to low-dose of cadmium. TRPM7 expression and function were studied by Western-Blot, Patch-Clamp and calcium and magnesium imaging. Finally, cell migration and invasion were studied by Boyden chamber assays. Chronic cadmium exposure induced TRPM7 overexpression and increased the membrane currents (P < 0.001). Cells exposed to cadmium had higher intracellular calcium and magnesium levels (P < 0.05). TRPM7 silencing restored calcium levels but strongly decreased intracellular magnesium concentration (P < 0.001). Moreover, cadmium exposure enhanced both cell migration and invasion, but TRPM7 silencing strongly decreased these features (P < 0.001). Furthermore, mammary epithelial cells exposed to cadmium became rounded and had less cell-to-cell junctions. Cadmium exposure decreased epithelial markers while the mesenchymal ones were increased. Importantly, TRPM7 silencing was able to reverse these phenotypic modifications (P < 0.05). To summarize, our data show that chronic cadmium exposure enhanced TRPM7 expression and activity in non-cancer epithelial cells. TRPM7 overexpression induced intracellular magnesium increase and stimulated cell migration and invasion. These neoplastic properties could be linked to a TRPM7-dependent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition reprogramming in cell exposed to cadmium. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of cell fates by cadmium exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Vanlaeys
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire - UR UPJV 4667, UFR Sciences, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Grégory Fouquet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire - UR UPJV 4667, UFR Sciences, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Philippe Kischel
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire - UR UPJV 4667, UFR Sciences, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Frédéric Hague
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire - UR UPJV 4667, UFR Sciences, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Sylvie Pasco-Brassart
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), 51095, Amiens, France
| | - Thibaut Lefebvre
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire - UR UPJV 4667, UFR Sciences, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Pierre Rybarczyk
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire - UR UPJV 4667, UFR Sciences, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80039, Amiens, France
- Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Isabelle Dhennin-Duthille
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire - UR UPJV 4667, UFR Sciences, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Bertrand Brassart
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), 51095, Amiens, France
| | - Halima Ouadid-Ahidouch
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire - UR UPJV 4667, UFR Sciences, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Mathieu Gautier
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire - UR UPJV 4667, UFR Sciences, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80039, Amiens, France.
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25
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Chandrasekaran B, Dahiya NR, Tyagi A, Kolluru V, Saran U, Baby BV, States JC, Haddad AQ, Ankem MK, Damodaran C. Chronic exposure to cadmium induces a malignant transformation of benign prostate epithelial cells. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:23. [PMID: 32066655 PMCID: PMC7026396 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-0202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that cadmium (Cd) is one of the causative factors of prostate cancer, but the effect of Cd on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether Cd exposure could malignantly transform BPH1 cells and, if so, to dissect the mechanism of action. We deciphered the molecular signaling responsible for BPH1 transformation via RNA-sequencing and determined that Cd induced the expression of zinc finger of the cerebellum 2 (ZIC2) in BPH1 cells. We noted Cd exposure increased ZIC2 expression in the Cd-transformed BPH1 cells that in turn promoted anchorage-independent spheroids and increased expression of stem cell drivers, indicating their role in stem cell renewal. Subsequent silencing of ZIC2 expression in transformed cells inhibited spheroid formation, stem cell marker expression, and tumor growth in nude mice. At the molecular level, ZIC2 interacts with the glioma-associated oncogene family (GLI) zinc finger 1 (GLI1), which activates prosurvival factors (nuclear factor NFκB, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2), as well as an X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)) signaling in Cd-exposed BPH1 cells. Conversely, overexpression of ZIC2 in BPH1 cells caused spheroid formation confirming the oncogenic function of ZIC2. ZIC2 activation and GLI1 signaling induction by Cd exposure in primary BPH cells confirmed the clinical significance of this oncogenic function. Finally, human BPH specimens had increased ZIC2 versus adjacent healthy tissues. Thus, we report direct evidence that Cd exposure induces malignant transformation of BPH via activation of ZIC2 and GLI1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nisha R Dahiya
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ashish Tyagi
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Venkatesh Kolluru
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Uttara Saran
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Becca V Baby
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Ahmed Q Haddad
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Murali K Ankem
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Chendil Damodaran
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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26
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The roles of TG-interacting factor in cadmium exposure-promoted invasion and migration of lung cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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Thong T, Forté CA, Hill EM, Colacino JA. Environmental exposures, stem cells, and cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 204:107398. [PMID: 31376432 PMCID: PMC6881547 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An estimated 70-90% of all cancers are linked to exposure to environmental risk factors. In parallel, the number of stem cells in a tissue has been shown to be a strong predictor of risk of developing cancer in that tissue. Tumors themselves are characterized by an acquisition of "stem cell" characteristics, and a growing body of evidence points to tumors themselves being sustained and propagated by a stem cell-like population. Here, we review our understanding of the interplay between environmental exposures, stem cell biology, and cancer. We provide an overview of the role of stem cells in development, tissue homeostasis, and wound repair. We discuss the pathways and mechanisms governing stem cell plasticity and regulation of the stem cell state, and describe experimental methods for assessment of stem cells. We then review the current understanding of how environmental exposures impact stem cell function relevant to carcinogenesis and cancer prevention, with a focus on environmental and occupational exposures to chemical, physical, and biological hazards. We also highlight key areas for future research in this area, including defining whether the biological basis for cancer disparities is related to effects of complex exposure mixtures on stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha Thong
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chanese A Forté
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Institute for Computational Discovery and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Evan M Hill
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Justin A Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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28
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Zimta AA, Schitcu V, Gurzau E, Stavaru C, Manda G, Szedlacsek S, Berindan-Neagoe I. Biological and molecular modifications induced by cadmium and arsenic during breast and prostate cancer development. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 178:108700. [PMID: 31520827 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Breast and prostate cancer are two of the most common malignancies worldwide. Both cancers can develop into hormone -dependent or -independent subtypes and are associated to environmental exposure in the context of an inherited predisposition. As and Cd have been linked to the onset of both cancers, with the exception of As, which lacks a definitive association with breast carcinogenesis. The two elements exert an opposite effect dependent on acute versus chronic exposure. High doses of As or Cd were shown to induce cell death in acute experimental exposure, while chronic exposure triggers cell proliferation and viability, which is no longer limited by telomere shortening and apoptosis. The chronically exposed cells also increase their invasion capacity and tumorigenic potential. At molecular level, malignant transformation is evidenced mainly by up-regulation of BCL-2, MMP-2, MMP-9, VIM, Snail, Twist, MT, MLH and down-regulation of Casp-3, PTEN, E-CAD, and BAX. The signaling pathways most commonly activated are KRAS, p53, TGF-β, TNF-α, WNT, NRF2 and AKT. This knowledge could potentially raise public awareness over the health risks faced by the human population living or working in a polluted environment and smokers. Human exposure to As and Cd should be minimize as much as possible. Healthcare policies targeting people belonging to these risk categories should include analysis of: DNA damage, oxidative stress, molecular alterations, and systemic level of heavy metals and of essential minerals. In this review, we present the literature regarding cellular and molecular alterations caused by exposure to As or Cd, focusing on the malignant transformation of normal epithelial cells after long-term intoxication with these two carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina-Andreea Zimta
- MEDFUTURE - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad Schitcu
- The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republicii 34-36 Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eugen Gurzau
- Cluj School of Public Health, College of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 7 Pandurilor Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Environmental Health Center, 58 Busuiocului Street, 400240, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Street, Cluj- Napoca, Romania
| | - Crina Stavaru
- Cantacuzino National Institute of Research and Development for Microbiology, 103 Splaiul Independentei Street, Bucharest, 050096, Romania
| | - Gina Manda
- "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei Street, 050096, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefan Szedlacsek
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei Street, Bucharest, 060031, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- MEDFUTURE - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republicii 34-36 Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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29
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Bloomfield M, Louie MC. Chronic cadmium exposure decreases the dependency of MCF7 breast cancer cells on ERα. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12135. [PMID: 31431634 PMCID: PMC6702212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46912-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is an environmental contaminant that can activate estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and contribute to the development and progression of breast cancer. Our lab previously demonstrated that chronic cadmium exposure alters the expression of several ERα-responsive genes and increases the malignancy of breast cancer cells. Although these studies support cadmium's function as a hormone disrupter, the role of ERα in cadmium-induced breast cancer progression remains unclear. To address this, we modulated the expression of ERα and found that while the loss of ERα significantly impaired cancer cell growth, migration, invasion and anchorage-independent growth in both MCF7 and MCF7-Cd cells, cadmium-exposed cells retained a significant advantage in cell growth, migration, and invasion, and partially circumvented the loss of ERα. ERα knockout in MCF7 and MCF7-Cd cells significantly reduced the expression of classical ERα-regulated genes, while non-classical ERα-regulated genes were less impacted by the loss of ERα in MCF7-Cd cells. This is the first study to show that chronic cadmium exposure, even at low levels, can increase the malignancy of breast cancer cells by decreasing their dependency on ERα and increasing the adaptability of the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Bloomfield
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Dominican University of California, 50 Acacia Avenue, San Rafael, CA, 94901, USA
| | - Maggie C Louie
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Dominican University of California, 50 Acacia Avenue, San Rafael, CA, 94901, USA.
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30
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Rocco SA, Koneva L, Middleton LYM, Thong T, Solanki S, Karram S, Nambunmee K, Harris C, Rozek LS, Sartor MA, Shah YM, Colacino JA. Cadmium Exposure Inhibits Branching Morphogenesis and Causes Alterations Consistent With HIF-1α Inhibition in Human Primary Breast Organoids. Toxicol Sci 2019; 164:592-602. [PMID: 29741670 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental cadmium exposure in vivo disrupts mammary gland differentiation, while exposure of breast cell lines to cadmium causes invasion consistent with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The effects of cadmium on normal human breast stem cells have not been measured. Here, we quantified the effects of cadmium exposure on reduction mammoplasty patient-derived breast stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Using the mammosphere assay and organoid formation in 3D hydrogels, we tested 2 physiologically relevant doses of cadmium, 0.25 and 2.5 µM, and tested for molecular alterations using RNA-seq. We functionally validated our RNA-seq findings with a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α activity reporter line and pharmaceutical inhibition of HIF-1α in organoid formation assays. 2.5 µM cadmium reduced primary mammosphere formation and branching structure organoid formation rates by 33% and 87%, respectively. Despite no changes in mammosphere formation, 0.25 µM cadmium inhibited branching organoid formation in hydrogels by 73%. RNA-seq revealed cadmium downregulated genes associated with extracellular matrix formation and EMT, while upregulating genes associated with metal response including metallothioneins and zinc transporters. In the RNA-seq data, cadmium downregulated HIF-1α target genes including LOXL2, ZEB1, and VIM. Cadmium significantly inhibited HIF-1α activity in a luciferase assay, and the HIF-1α inhibitor acriflavine ablated mammosphere and organoid formation. These findings show that cadmium, at doses relevant to human exposure, inhibited human mammary stem cell proliferation and differentiation, potentially through disruption of HIF-1α activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina A Rocco
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029
| | - Lada Koneva
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics
| | - Lauren Y M Middleton
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029
| | - Tasha Thong
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029
| | - Sumeet Solanki
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Sarah Karram
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029
| | - Kowit Nambunmee
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Mae Fah Luong University, Chiang Rai, Thailand, 57100
| | - Craig Harris
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029
| | - Laura S Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029
| | | | - Yatrik M Shah
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Justin A Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
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31
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Wang Y, Shi L, Li J, Li L, Wang H, Yang H. Long-term cadmium exposure promoted breast cancer cell migration and invasion by up-regulating TGIF. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 175:110-117. [PMID: 30897409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a known human carcinogen. Previous studies have demonstrated that Cd exposure promoted migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process have not yet been clearly addressed. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether TG-interacting factor (TGIF) was involved in long-term Cd exposure-induced migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Human breast cancer cells were continuously exposed to Cd for eight weeks. Western blot and qRT-PCR assays were performed to measure the expression of protein and mRNA. Migration and invasion assays were performed to assess the migratory and invasive ability of human breast cancer cells. Our data indicated that long-term Cd exposure obviously increased the expression of TGIF protein and mRNA in human breast cancer cells. Long-term Cd exposure increased the ability of migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells, which could be inhibited by transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting TGIF. We also observed that the long-term Cd exposure-induced up-regulation of MMP2 mRNA expression was modulated by TGIF. In conclusion, our findings suggested that TGIF/MMP2 signaling axis might be involved in malignant progression stimulated by long-term Cd exposure in human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, 450016, China.
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jiangmin Li
- Department of Toxicology, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, 450016, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Toxicology, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, 450016, China
| | - Haiyu Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, 450016, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Zhang C, Wu HB, Cheng MX, Wang L, Gao CB, Huang F. Association of exposure to multiple metals with papillary thyroid cancer risk in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:20560-20572. [PMID: 31104243 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has inflicted huge threats to the health of mankind. Metal pollution could be a potential risk factor of PTC occurrence, but existing relevant epidemiological researches are limited. The current case-control study was designed to evaluate the relationships between exposure to multiple metals and the risk of PTC. A total of 262 histologically confirmed PTC cases were recruited. Age- and gender-matched controls were enrolled at the same time. Urine samples were used as biomarkers to reflect the levels of environmental exposure to 13 metals. Conditional logistic regression models were adopted to assess the potential association. Single-metal and multi-metal models were separately conducted to evaluate the impacts of single and co-exposure to 13 metals. The increased concentration of urinary Cd, Cu, Fe, and Pb quartiles was found significant correlated with PTC risk. We also found the decreased trends of urinary Se, Zn, and Mn quartiles with the ORs for PTC. These dose-response associations between Pb and PTC were observed in the single-metal model and remained significant in the multi-metal model (OR25-50th=1.39, OR50-75th=3.32, OR>75th=7.62, p for trend <0.001). Our study suggested that PTC was positively associated with urinary levels of Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and inversely associated with Se, Zn, and Mn. Targeted public health policies should be made to improve the environment and the recognition of potential risk factors. These findings need additional studies to confirm in other population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Bing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Xia Cheng
- Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Bing Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Cadmium Exposure and Risk of Breast Cancer by Histological and Tumor Receptor Subtype in White Caucasian Women: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123029. [PMID: 31234310 PMCID: PMC6628557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As the majority of experimental studies suggest cadmium being metalloestrogen, we examined cadmium/breast cancer (BC) association by histological and tumor receptor subtype in 509 invasive BC patients and 1170 controls. Urinary cadmium was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, and categorized using tertiles of its distribution in the controls: <0.18, 0.18–0.33, >0.33 kg × 10−9/kg × 10−3 creatinine. Relative to the lowest category of urinary cadmium adjusted odds ratio (OR) of ductal BC was 1.18 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.89–1.58) in the intermediate and 1.53 (95% CI: 1.15–2.04) in the highest category. There was a significant association for hormone receptor-positive ductal BC: ORs per category increase were 1.34 (95% CI: 1.14–1.59) for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), 1.33 (95% CI: 1.09–1.61) for progesterone receptor-positive (PR+) and 1.35 (95% CI: 1.11–1.65) for ER+/PR+ BC. We found a significant association between cadmium and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) ductal BC. The strongest association with cadmium was for ER+/PR+/HER2− ductal BC. The associations between cadmium and lobular BC with hormone receptor-positive and HER2− were positive but insignificant. There was no evidence that the associations with cadmium differed for cancers with different tumor histology (p-heterogeneity > 0.05). This study provides evidence that urinary cadmium is associated with the risk of hormone receptor-positive and HER2− breast cancer independent of tumor histology.
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Vahidinia A, Samiee F, Faradmal J, Rahmani A, Taravati Javad M, Leili M. Mercury, Lead, Cadmium, and Barium Levels in Human Breast Milk and Factors Affecting Their Concentrations in Hamadan, Iran. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:32-40. [PMID: 29700700 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast milk is considered the best source of nutrition for all infants. However, exposure of newborns to toxic metals is of special interest due to their potential harmful effects. Thus, the primary aims of this study were to determine the concentration of toxic heavy metals including lead, mercury, cadmium, and barium in breast milk samples from Hamadan, Iran, in relation to some sociodemographic variables. A total of 100 breast milk samples were collected and their heavy metal contents were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The median breast milk concentrations of Pb, Hg, and Ba were 41.9, 2.8, and 1.95 μg/L, respectively. Cd levels were < 1 μg/L in all samples. The Pb level in 94% of the samples was higher than the recommended Pb limit of < 5 μg/L in breast milk suggested by World Health Organization (WHO). Hg levels in 54% of the breast milk samples were higher than the normal mean concentration (1.7 μg/L) suggested by WHO. We found no correlation between Hg levels in breast milk and sociodemographic factors. Ba levels in all the breast milk samples were lower than the WHO's proposed health-based drinking water guideline (0.7 mg/L). Considering the results of the present study and the vulnerability of infants, along with the well-known toxicity of these metals, further studies are warranted to identify the main sources of exposure that contribute their concentration in breast milk, establish harmless intake values of toxic metals in breast milk, and develop preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliasghar Vahidinia
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Nutrition Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fateme Samiee
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Javad Faradmal
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Rahmani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Taravati Javad
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Leili
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Peng L, Huang YT, Zhang F, Chen JY, Huo X. Chronic cadmium exposure aggravates malignant phenotypes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via hypermethylation of the casein kinase 1α promoter. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 11:81-93. [PMID: 30588112 PMCID: PMC6304082 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s171200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study has shown that cadmium (Cd) exposure is not only a risk factor for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but also correlated with the clinical stage and lymph node metastasis. However, the underlying molecular events of Cd involved in NPC progression remain to be elucidated. PURPOSE The objective of this study was to decipher how Cd impacts the malignant phenotypes of NPC cells. METHODS NPC cell lines CNE-1 and CNE-2 were continuously exposed with 1 μM Cd chloride for 10 weeks, designating as chronic Cd treated NPC cells (CCT-NPC). MTT assay, colony formation assay and xenograft tumor growth were used to assess cell viability in vitro and in vivo. Transwell assays were performed to detect cell invasion and migration. The protein levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin as well as β-catenin and casein kinase 1α(CK1α) were measured by Western blot. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the distribution of filament actin (F-actin), β-catenin and CK1α. The mRNA levels of downstream target genes of β-catenin were detected by RT-PCR. Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity was assessed by TOPFlash/FOPFlash dual luciferase report system. MS-PCR was used to detect the methylation status of CK1α. Finally, the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway and cell biological properties were examined following treatment of CCT-NPC cells with 5-aza-2-deoxy-cytidine(5-aza-CdR). RESULTS CCT-NPC cells showed an increase in cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion and migration compared to the parental cells. Cd also induced cytoskeleton reorganization and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Upregulation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin and increased luciferase activity accompanied with transcription of downstream target genes were found in CCT-NPC cells. Treatment of CCT-CNE1 cells with 5-aza-CdR could reverse the hypermethylation of CK1α and attenuate the cell malignancy. CONCLUSION These results support a role for chronic Cd exposure as a driving force for the malignant progression of NPC via epigenetic activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Peng
- Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Teng Huang
- Health Care Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Oncological Research Lab, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jiong-Yu Chen
- Oncological Research Lab, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangzhou and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China,
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Wang Z, Ding S, Li Z, Li F, Zhao T, Li J, Lin H, Chen C. Synthesis of a magnetic polystyrene-based cation-exchange resin and its utilization for the efficient removal of cadmium (II). WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 2017:770-781. [PMID: 30016295 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A magnetic cation-exchange resin (MCER) was prepared by copolymerization of oleic acid-grafted magnetite with styrene, divinylbenzene (DVB), and triallylisocyanurate (TAIC) for removing Cd(II) from wastewater. A non-magnetic cation-exchange polystyrene resin (CEPR) was also prepared as a reference. Structural and morphological analyses revealed that the MCER and CEPR were mesoporous microspheres; the MCER contained about 25% Fe3O4. The influence of temperature, pH, contact time, and the initial concentration of Cd(II) on the adsorption of Cd(II) was investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of the MCER reached 88.56 mg/g, which was achieved at 343 K using a Cd(II) initial concentration of 200 mg/L. The adsorption processes attained equilibrium within 120 min for the MCER and 300 min for the CEPR, and were well described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Furthermore, the equilibrium adsorption data fitted the Freundlich isotherm model better than the Langmuir model. The superior magnetic response and regeneration of the MCER make it a good candidate as an adsorbent for removing Cd(II) from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohe Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China E-mail: ;
| | - Shilei Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China E-mail: ;
| | - Zhixia Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China E-mail: ;
| | - Fuwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China E-mail: ;
| | - Tingting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China E-mail: ;
| | - Jiangfeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China E-mail: ;
| | - Hongfei Lin
- Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Congjin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China E-mail: ;
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Wei Z, Shan Z, Shaikh ZA. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast epithelial cells treated with cadmium and the role of Snail. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 344:46-55. [PMID: 29501589 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies have implicated cadmium (Cd) with breast cancer. In breast epithelial MCF10A and MDA-MB-231 cells, Cd has been shown to promote cell growth. The present study examined whether Cd also promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a hallmark of cancer progression. Human breast epithelial cells consisting of non-cancerous MCF10A, non-metastatic HCC 1937 and HCC 38, and metastatic MDA-MB-231 were treated with 1 or 3 μM Cd for 4 weeks. The MCF10A epithelial cells switched to a more mesenchymal-like morphology, which was accompanied by a decrease in the epithelial marker E-cadherin and an increase in the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and vimentin. In both non-metastatic HCC 1937 and HCC 38 cells, treatment with Cd decreased the epithelial marker claudin-1. In addition, E-cadherin also decreased in the HCC 1937 cells. Even the mesenchymal-like MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited an increase in the mesenchymal marker vimentin. These changes indicated that prolonged treatment with Cd resulted in EMT in both normal and cancer-derived breast epithelial cells. Furthermore, both the MCF10A and MDA-MB-231 cells labeled with Zcad, a dual sensor for tracking EMT, demonstrated a decrease in the epithelial marker E-cadherin and an increase in the mesenchymal marker ZEB-1. Treatment of cells with Cd significantly increased the level of Snail, a transcription factor involved in the regulation of EMT. However, the Cd-induced Snail expression was completely abolished by actinomycin D. Luciferase reporter assay indicated that the expression of Snail was regulated by Cd at the promotor level. Snail was essential for Cd-induced promotion of EMT in the MDA-MB-231 cells, as knockdown of Snail expression blocked Cd-induced cell migration. Together, these results indicate that Cd promotes EMT in breast epithelial cells and does so by modulating the transcription of Snail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxi Wei
- Center for Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Zhongguo Shan
- Center for Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Zahir A Shaikh
- Center for Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
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Lappano R, Malaguarnera R, Belfiore A, Maggiolini M. Recent advances on the stimulatory effects of metals in breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 457:49-56. [PMID: 27765682 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Certain environmental chemicals may accumulate in human serum and tissues eliciting estrogenic and/or carcinogenic effects. Therefore, there is heightened interest in determining whether environmental chemicals may increase the risk for endocrine-related tumors like breast cancer. For instance, metals as cadmium, zinc, copper, iron, nickel and aluminum have been shown to mimic estrogen action. Moreover, the exposure to these chemicals has been reported to stimulate diverse malignancies including breast cancer, which is the most common tumor in women worldwide. In this review, we summarize the epidemiologic and experimental evidence regarding the association between the exposure to some trace elements and breast cancer risk. We also address recent insights on the molecular mechanisms involved by metals in breast tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
| | - Roberta Malaguarnera
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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He Y, Peng L, Huang Y, Liu C, Zheng S, Wu K. Blood cadmium levels associated with short distant metastasis-free survival time in invasive breast cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:28055-28064. [PMID: 28994009 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Distant metastasis is strongly associated with poor prognosis of breast cancer. Cadmium (Cd) exposure was previously found associated with breast cancer incidence. We explored the associations of blood cadmium levels (BCLs) and clinicopathologic characteristics with invasive breast cancer distant metastasis. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for BCLs by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Clinicopathologic characteristics, including basic clinical information and tumor characteristics, were obtained from medical records. Breast cancer distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) time was calculated at follow-up. The associations of BCLs and clinicopathologic characteristics with DMFS time were examined by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis, and associations between BCLs and tumor characteristics were also explored. Blood Cd level was positively associated with distant metastasis, clinical stage, BMI, and age. On univariate analysis, older age at diagnosis, family history of breast cancer, high N classification and clinical stage, positivity for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and high BCLs were associated with short DMFS time. On multivariate analysis model, older age at diagnosis, family history of breast cancer, high N classification, and BCLs were predictors for breast cancer distant metastasis. BCLs were a risk factor for short DMFS time of invasive breast cancer. BCLs and some clinicopathologic factors affect breast cancer distant metastasis, which needs further epidemiological and experimental studies to confirm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang He
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Rd., Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Yanhong Huang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, North Taishan Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515065, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Rd., Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Shukai Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Rd., Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Rd., Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China.
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Gray JM, Rasanayagam S, Engel C, Rizzo J. State of the evidence 2017: an update on the connection between breast cancer and the environment. Environ Health 2017; 16:94. [PMID: 28865460 PMCID: PMC5581466 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this review, we examine the continually expanding and increasingly compelling data linking radiation and various chemicals in our environment to the current high incidence of breast cancer. Singly and in combination, these toxicants may have contributed significantly to the increasing rates of breast cancer observed over the past several decades. Exposures early in development from gestation through adolescence and early adulthood are particularly of concern as they re-shape the program of genetic, epigenetic and physiological processes in the developing mammary system, leading to an increased risk for developing breast cancer. In the 8 years since we last published a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, hundreds of new papers have appeared supporting this link, and in this update, the evidence on this topic is more extensive and of better quality than that previously available. CONCLUSION Increasing evidence from epidemiological studies, as well as a better understanding of mechanisms linking toxicants with development of breast cancer, all reinforce the conclusion that exposures to these substances - many of which are found in common, everyday products and byproducts - may lead to increased risk of developing breast cancer. Moving forward, attention to methodological limitations, especially in relevant epidemiological and animal models, will need to be addressed to allow clearer and more direct connections to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M. Gray
- Department of Psychology and Program in Science, Technology, and Society, Vassar College, 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604-0246 USA
| | - Sharima Rasanayagam
- Breast Cancer Prevention Partners, 1388 Sutter St., Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94109-5400 USA
| | - Connie Engel
- Breast Cancer Prevention Partners, 1388 Sutter St., Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94109-5400 USA
| | - Jeanne Rizzo
- Breast Cancer Prevention Partners, 1388 Sutter St., Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94109-5400 USA
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Stannard L, Doak SH, Doherty A, Jenkins GJ. Is Nickel Chloride really a Non-Genotoxic Carcinogen? Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 121 Suppl 3:10-15. [PMID: 27748567 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human beings are exposed to carcinogens through air, water, food and tobacco smoke. Nickel chloride (NiCl2 ) is a toxic and carcinogenic environmental and occupational pollutant, which was previously classified as a non-genotoxic carcinogen and thought to not directly alter the DNA. Non-genotoxic carcinogens such as NiCl2 are difficult to detect in vitro; hence, a heavy reliance on animal studies exists. NiCl2 has previously been classified as a non-genotoxic carcinogen (NGTC); however, after studying the effect of NiCl2 on many mechanistic end-points, it has become clear that NiCl2 behaves more like a genotoxic carcinogen. The induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after treatment with NiCl2 along with positive micronuclei results from a preliminary 5-day chronic dose micronucleus study further supports that NiCl2 has been misclassified as a NGTC. It is possible that NiCl2 causes indirect DNA damage by the production of ROS and requires a longer, chronic exposure, which is more similar to that of human exposure. The focus of this MiniReview is on research into the molecular mechanisms of nickel-induced carcinogenicity and potential genotoxicity, with a focus on one of the salts of greatest commercial importance, nickel chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Stannard
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Shareen H Doak
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Ann Doherty
- Genetic Toxicology, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gareth J Jenkins
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
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Chen QY, Costa M. A comprehensive review of metal-induced cellular transformation studies. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 331:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Wei Z, Shaikh ZA. Cadmium stimulates metastasis-associated phenotype in triple-negative breast cancer cells through integrin and β-catenin signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 328:70-80. [PMID: 28527916 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a carcinogenic heavy metal which is implicated in breast cancer development. While the mechanisms of Cd-induced breast cancer initiation and promotion have been studied, the molecular processes involved in breast cancer progression remain to be investigated. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of Cd on metastasis-associated phenotypes, such as cell adhesion, migration, and invasion in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with 1μM Cd increased cell spreading and cell migration. This was associated with the activation of integrin β1, FAK, Src, and Rac1. Treatment with Cd also inhibited GSK3β activity and induced T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) transcription, indicating the involvement of β-catenin signaling. Furthermore, treatment with 3μM Cd for 4weeks increased the expression of β-catenin and enhanced TCF/LEF-mediated transcription. Furthermore, enhanced expressions of integrins α5 and β1, paxillin, and vimentin indicated that prolonged Cd treatment reorganized the cytoskeleton, which aided malignancy, as evidenced by enhanced matrix metalloprotease 2/9 (MMP2/9) secretion and cell invasion. Prolonged Cd treatment also caused an increase in cell growth. Together, these results indicate that Cd alters key signaling processes involved in the regulation of cytoskeleton to enhance cancer cell migration, invasion, adhesion, and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxi Wei
- Center for Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Zahir A Shaikh
- Center for Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
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Luo Y, McCullough LE, Tzeng JY, Darrah T, Vengosh A, Maguire RL, Maity A, Samuel-Hodge C, Murphy SK, Mendez MA, Hoyo C. Maternal blood cadmium, lead and arsenic levels, nutrient combinations, and offspring birthweight. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:354. [PMID: 28438148 PMCID: PMC5402649 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) are common environmental contaminants that have been associated with lower birthweight. Although some essential metals may mitigate exposure, data are inconsistent. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between toxic metals, nutrient combinations and birthweight among 275 mother-child pairs. Methods Non-essential metals, Cd, Pb, As, and essential metals, iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn) were measured in maternal whole blood obtained during the first trimester using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Folate concentrations were measured by microbial assay. Birthweight was obtained from medical records. We used quantile regression to evaluate the association between toxic metals and nutrients due to their underlying wedge-shaped relationship. Ordinary linear regression was used to evaluate associations between birth weight and toxic metals. Results After multivariate adjustment, the negative association between Pb or Cd and a combination of Fe, Se, Ca and folate was robust, persistent and dose-dependent (p < 0.05). However, a combination of Zn, Cu, Mn and Mg was positively associated with Pb and Cd levels. While prenatal blood Cd and Pb were also associated with lower birthweight. Fe, Se, Ca and folate did not modify these associations. Conclusion Small sample size and cross-sectional design notwithstanding, the robust and persistent negative associations between some, but not all, nutrient combinations with these ubiquitous environmental contaminants suggest that only some recommended nutrient combinations may mitigate toxic metal exposure in chronically exposed populations. Larger longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4225-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Luo
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Jung-Ying Tzeng
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. .,Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. .,Department of Statistics, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Thomas Darrah
- School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Avner Vengosh
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rachel L Maguire
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27533, USA
| | - Arnab Maity
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27533, USA.
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Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Endometrial Cancer: An Overview of Recent Laboratory Evidence and Epidemiological Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14030334. [PMID: 28327540 PMCID: PMC5369169 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14030334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Although exposure to endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) has been suggested as a contributing factor to a range of women's health disorders including infertility, polycystic ovaries and the early onset of puberty, considerable challenges remain in attributing cause and effect on gynaecological cancer. Until recently, there were relatively few epidemiological studies examining the relationship between EDCs and endometrial cancer, however, in the last years the number of these studies has increased. Methods: A systematic MEDLINE (PubMed) search was performed and relevant articles published in the last 23 years (from 1992 to 2016) were selected. Results: Human studies and animal experiments are confirming a carcinogenic effect due to the EDC exposure and its carcinogenesis process result to be complex, multifactorial and long standing, thus, it is extremely difficult to obtain the epidemiological proof of a carcinogenic effect of EDCs for the high number of confusing factors. Conclusions: The carcinogenic effects of endocrine disruptors are plausible, although additional studies are needed to clarify their mechanisms and responsible entities. Neverthless, to reduce endocrine disruptors (ED) exposure is mandatory to implement necessary measures to limit exposure, particularly during those periods of life most vulnerable to the impact of oncogenic environmental causes, such as embryonic period and puberty.
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Ngalame NNO, Waalkes MP, Tokar EJ. Silencing KRAS Overexpression in Cadmium-Transformed Prostate Epithelial Cells Mitigates Malignant Phenotype. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1458-67. [PMID: 27510461 PMCID: PMC5576187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a potential human prostate carcinogen. Chronic Cd exposure malignantly transforms RWPE-1 human prostate epithelial cells into CTPE cells by an unclear mechanism. Previous studies show that RWPE-1 can also be malignantly transformed by arsenic, and KRAS activation is key to causation and maintenance of this phenotype. Although Cd and arsenic can both transform prostate epithelial cells, it is uncertain whether their mechanisms are similar. Thus, here we determined whether KRAS activation is critical in causing and maintaining Cd-induced malignant transformation in CTPE cells. Expression of KRAS, miRNAs, and other genes of interest was analyzed by Western blot and RT-PCR. Following stable KRAS knockdown (KD) by RNA interference using shRNAmir, the malignant phenotype was assessed by various physical and genetic parameters. CTPE cells greatly overexpressed KRAS by 20-fold, indicating a likely role in Cd transformation. Thus, we attempted to reverse the malignant phenotype via KRAS KD. Two weeks after shRNAmir transduction, KRAS protein was undetectable in CTPE KD cells, confirming stable KD. KRAS KD reduced stimulated RAS/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways and markedly mitigated multiple physical and molecular malignant cell characteristics including: hypersecretion of MMP-2, colony formation, cell survival, and expression of cancer-relevant genes (reduced proliferation and cell cycle-related genes; activated tumor suppressor PTEN). However, KRAS KD did not reverse miRNA expression originally down-regulated by Cd transformation. These data strongly suggest KRAS is a key gene in development and maintenance of the Cd-induced malignant phenotype, at least in the prostate. It is not, however, the only genetic factor sustaining this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntube N O Ngalame
- Stem Cell Toxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Michael P Waalkes
- Stem Cell Toxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Erik J Tokar
- Stem Cell Toxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
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Lin J, Zhang F, Lei Y. Dietary intake and urinary level of cadmium and breast cancer risk: A meta -analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2016; 42:101-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Adams SV, Shafer MM, Bonner MR, LaCroix AZ, Manson JE, Meliker JR, Neuhouser ML, Newcomb PA. Urinary Cadmium and Risk of Invasive Breast Cancer in the Women's Health Initiative. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 183:815-23. [PMID: 27037269 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a widespread heavy metal pollutant that may act as an exogenous estrogenic hormone. Environmental cadmium exposure has been associated with risk of breast cancer in retrospective studies. We prospectively assessed the relationship between cadmium exposure, evaluated by creatinine-normalized urinary cadmium concentration, and invasive breast cancer among 12,701 postmenopausal women aged ≥50 years in a Women's Health Initiative study of bone mineral density. After a median of 13.2 years of follow-up (1993-2010), 508 cases of invasive breast cancer and 1,050 comparison women were identified for a case-cohort analysis. Multivariable Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Risk of breast cancer was not associated with urinary cadmium parameterized either in quartiles (comparing highest quartile with lowest, hazard ratio = 0.80, 95% confidence interval: 0.56, 1.14; P for trend = 0.20) or as a log-transformed continuous variable (per 2-fold higher urinary cadmium concentration, hazard ratio = 0.94, 95% confidence interval: 0.86, 1.03). We did not observe an association between urinary cadmium and breast cancer risk in any subgroup examined, including never smokers and women with body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) less than 25. Results were consistent in both estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor-negative tumors. Our results do not support the hypothesis that environmental cadmium exposure is associated with risk of postmenopausal breast cancer.
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Zhou Z, Lu Q, Huang Q, Zheng C, Chen B, Lei Y. eIF3 regulates migration, invasion and apoptosis in cadmium transformed 16HBE cells and is a novel biomarker of cadmium exposure in a rat model and in workers. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:761-772. [PMID: 30090387 PMCID: PMC6060694 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00250h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Translation (eukaryotic) initiation factor 3 (eIF3 or TIF3) has been found to be a proto-oncogene in cadmium (Cd) response both in vitro and vivo, but whether eIF3 may serve as a biomarker of Cd exposure is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether eIF3 could serve as a novel biomarker of Cd toxicity in cells, animals and workers, and regulate the apoptosis, migration and invasion in human bronchial epithelial cell (16HBE cells) transformation with cadmium chloride (CdCl2). In CdCl2 transformed 16HBE cells, eIF3 expression increased gradually, and sequencing did not identify mutation and methylation of eIF3. In 16HBE cells with eIF3 silencing by siRNA and CdCl2 treated 16HBE cells of the 15th and 35th generations, the apoptosis, migration and invasion were significantly inhibited, and the expressions of relevant genes were also altered (P < 0.05). In CdCl2 treated rats, eIF3 mRNA expression increased to different extents in the blood, liver, kidney, heart and lung, and this increase was dependent on the Cd concentration (P < 0.05). The eIF3 mRNA expression was related to the mRNA expressions of AKT, BAX, BCL-2, E-CADHERIN, CASPASE-3, EGFR, FOXC2, STAT3, TGF-β1 and VIMENTIN (P < 0.05). In 181 workers with Cd exposure, the eIF3 mRNA expression was positively related to the blood Cd, urine Cd and β2-microglobulin content (P < 0.05). This study showed that abnormally expressed eIF3 may regulate the apoptosis, migration and invasion of 16HBE cells with Cd toxicity. This suggests that eIF3 may become a novel and valuable biomarker of Cd toxicity and Cd-induced effects, and may regulate apoptosis, migration and invasion of 16HBE cells. Thus, the detection of eIF3 expression is important for the monitoring of Cd toxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Zhou
- School of Public Health , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510182 , People's Republic of China .
| | - Qian Lu
- Shenzhen Longgang District Center for Disease Control & Prevention , Shenzhen 518172 , P.R. China
| | - Qinhai Huang
- School of Public Health , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510182 , People's Republic of China .
| | - Chanjiao Zheng
- School of Public Health , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510182 , People's Republic of China .
| | - Baoxin Chen
- School of Public Health , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510182 , People's Republic of China .
| | - Yixiong Lei
- School of Public Health , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510182 , People's Republic of China .
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