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Duporté G, Barron E, Bureau M, Le Menach K, Baldi I, Dévier MH, Budzinski H. Dislodgeable Foliar Residue Measurements and Assessment of Dermal Exposure to Captan for Workers in Apple Orchards. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:13605-13612. [PMID: 39038811 PMCID: PMC11308519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Captan dislodgeable foliar residues (DFRs) were determined by following the applications of this fungicide in an apple orchard. The study comprised an investigation of the variability of captan DFR values and 14 days of DFR monitoring to assess kinetic modeling. A method combining solid-phase microextraction (SPME) gas chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-QTOF-MS) was developed for the quantification of captan residues from DFR aqueous extracts. The results evidenced that (1) sampling parameters such as the position of the tree in a row and the height of foliar significantly influenced captan DFR levels (247-1450 ng·cm-2), highlighting the need to implement a comprehensive sampling strategy; (2) the DFR captan dissipation kinetic model best matched with a biphasic one, with half-lives of DFRcaptan of 3.4 and 12.8 days, respectively, for the initial rapid phase 1 decline (day 0-5) and the slower phase 2 decline phase (day 6-14). Furthermore, through DFR measurements, the potential dermal exposure (PDE) of workers was assessed using transfer coefficients (TCs) from the literature. Compared to the acceptable operator exposure levels (AOELs), the results showed that the re-entry interval for captan may not sufficiently protect workers whose arms, hands, and legs are not covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffroy Duporté
- Univ.
Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Emmanuelle Barron
- Univ.
Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Mathilde Bureau
- Univ.
Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Karyn Le Menach
- Univ.
Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- Univ.
Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CHU
de Bordeaux, Service Santé Travail Environnement, Pôle
de Santé Publique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Hélène Budzinski
- Univ.
Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
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2
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Lucci E, Antonelli L, Gherardi M, Fanali C, Fanali S, Scipioni A, Lupattelli P, Gentili A, Chankvetadze B. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the enantioselective multiresidue determination of nine chiral agrochemicals in urine using an enrichment procedure based on graphitized carbon black. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1127-1137. [PMID: 38108844 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Many agrochemicals are chiral molecules, and most of them are marketed as racemates or diastereomeric mixtures. Stereoisomers that are not the active enantiomer have little or no pesticidal activity and can exert serious toxic effects towards non-target organisms. Thus, investigating the possible exposure to different isomers of chiral pesticides is an urgent need. The present work was aimed at developing a new enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of nine chiral pesticides in urine. Two solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedures, based on different carbon-based sorbents (graphitized carbon black (GCB) and buckypaper (BP)), were developed and compared. By using GCB, all analytes were recovered with yields ranging from 60 to 97%, while BP allowed recoveries greater than 54% for all pesticides except those with acid characteristics. Baseline separation was achieved for the enantiomers of all target agrochemicals on a Lux Cellulose-2 column within 24 min under reversed-phase mode. The developed method was then validated according to the FDA guidelines for bioanalytical methods. Besides recovery, the other evaluated parameters were precision (7-15%), limits of detection (0.26-2.21 µg/L), lower limits of quantitation (0.43-3.68 µg/L), linear dynamic range, and sensitivity. Finally, the validated method was applied to verify the occurrence of the pesticide enantiomers in urine samples from occupationally exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lucci
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Monica Gherardi
- INAIL-DiMEILA, Chemical Risk Laboratory, Monte Porzio Catone Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Fanali
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fanali
- School in Nanoscience and Advanced Technologies, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anita Scipioni
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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3
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Manduca G, Zeni V, Moccia S, Milano BA, Canale A, Benelli G, Stefanini C, Romano D. Learning algorithms estimate pose and detect motor anomalies in flies exposed to minimal doses of a toxicant. iScience 2023; 26:108349. [PMID: 38058310 PMCID: PMC10696104 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticide exposure, even at low doses, can have detrimental effects on ecosystems. This study aimed at validating the use of machine learning for recognizing motor anomalies, produced by minimal insecticide exposure on a model insect species. The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), was exposed to food contaminated with low concentrations of Carlina acaulis essential oil (EO). A deep learning approach enabled fly pose estimation on video recordings in a custom-built arena. Five machine learning algorithms were trained on handcrafted features, extracted from the predicted pose, to distinguish treated individuals. Random Forest and K-Nearest Neighbor algorithms best performed, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.75 and 0.73, respectively. Both algorithms achieved an accuracy of 0.71. Results show the machine learning potential for detecting sublethal effects arising from insecticide exposure on fly motor behavior, which could also affect other organisms and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Manduca
- The BioRobotics Institute, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Zeni
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Moccia
- The BioRobotics Institute, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Beatrice A. Milano
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55/Building 57, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Canale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cesare Stefanini
- The BioRobotics Institute, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Donato Romano
- The BioRobotics Institute, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
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4
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Foucault A, Vallet N, Ravalet N, Picou F, Bene MC, Gyan E, Herault O. Occupational pesticide exposure increases risk of acute myeloid leukemia: a meta-analysis of case-control studies including 3,955 cases and 9,948 controls. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2007. [PMID: 33479366 PMCID: PMC7820275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81604-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of pesticides on health is a major public health concern. A higher risk to develop chronic lymphoid malignancies has been demonstrated to be associated with occupational pesticide exposure (OPE). By contrast, little is known of the impact of OPE on the occurrence of myeloid malignancies especially acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The purpose of this meta-analysis is to summarize data on the association between OPE and AML. A relevant dataset of case-control studies was extracted. Among 6784 references extracted, 14 were selected, representing 3,955 AML patients and 9,948 control subjects diagnosed between 1976 and 2010. An adverse association was found between OPE and AML (OR = 1.51; 95%CI: 1.10-2.08), not affected by sensitivity analyses. Funnel plot asymmetry suggested a publication bias underestimating OR. Stratified analysis showed the association to be driven by studies with: (1) monocentric AML patients and hospital-based control population, (2) Newcastle-Ottawa scale > 6 and the group of studies identified as with the lowest risk, (3) exposure assessment through peer-to-peer interview, (4) diagnosis in North America and Asia and after 1995, (5) restriction to de novo AML. Moreover, the association between OPE and AML was significant with insecticides. These findings broaden the spectrum of pesticide toxicity to myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Foucault
- Department of Biological Hematology, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
- CNRS ERL7001 LNOX, EA 7501, Tours University, Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Vallet
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Noemie Ravalet
- Department of Biological Hematology, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
- CNRS ERL7001 LNOX, EA 7501, Tours University, Tours, France
| | - Frederic Picou
- Department of Biological Hematology, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
- CNRS ERL7001 LNOX, EA 7501, Tours University, Tours, France
| | - Marie C Bene
- Department of Biological Hematology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Gyan
- CNRS ERL7001 LNOX, EA 7501, Tours University, Tours, France
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Olivier Herault
- Department of Biological Hematology, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France.
- CNRS ERL7001 LNOX, EA 7501, Tours University, Tours, France.
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5
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Curl CL, Spivak M, Phinney R, Montrose L. Synthetic Pesticides and Health in Vulnerable Populations: Agricultural Workers. Curr Environ Health Rep 2020; 7:13-29. [PMID: 31960353 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-020-00266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize epidemiological literature published between May 15, 2018, and May 14, 2019, that examines the relationship between exposure to synthetic pesticides and health of agricultural workers. RECENT FINDINGS Current research suggests that exposure to synthetic pesticides may be associated with adverse health outcomes. Agricultural workers represent a potentially vulnerable population, due to a combination of unique social and cultural risk factors as well as exposure to hazards inherent in agricultural work. Pesticide exposure among agricultural workers has been linked to certain cancers, DNA damage, oxidative stress, neurological disorders, and respiratory, metabolic, and thyroid effects. This review describes literature suggesting that agricultural workers exposed to synthetic pesticides are at an increased risk of certain cancers and neurological disorders. Recent research on respiratory effects is sparse, and more research is warranted regarding DNA damage, oxidative stress, metabolic outcomes, and thyroid effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Curl
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Health and Safety, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr., Boise, ID, 83725, USA.
| | - Meredith Spivak
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Health and Safety, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr., Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Rachel Phinney
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Health and Safety, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr., Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Luke Montrose
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Health and Safety, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr., Boise, ID, 83725, USA
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6
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Grout L, Baker MG, French N, Hales S. A Review of Potential Public Health Impacts Associated With the Global Dairy Sector. GEOHEALTH 2020; 4:e2019GH000213. [PMID: 32159049 PMCID: PMC7017588 DOI: 10.1029/2019gh000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Strong demand for dairy products has led to a global increase in dairy production. In many parts of the world, dairy systems are undergoing rapid intensification. While increased production may contribute to food security, higher dairy stocking rates in some regions have resulted in increased pressure on natural resources with the potential to affect public health and wellbeing. The aim of this review was to identify and describe the potential health harms and benefits associated with dairy production and consumption. Electronic databases Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched for published literature that investigated human health impacts of dairy production and consumption. Occupational hazards, environmental health impacts, ecosystem health impacts, foodborne hazards, and diet-related chronic diseases were identified as potential public health hazards. Some impacts, notably climate change, extend beyond directly exposed populations. Dairy production and consumption are also associated with important health benefits through the provision of nutrients and economic opportunities. As the global dairy sector increases production, exposure to a range of hazards must be weighed with these benefits. The review of impacts presented here can provide an input into decision making about optimal levels of dairy production and consumption, local land use, and identification and management of specific hazards from this sector. Future research should consider multiple exposure routes, socioeconomic implications, and environmental factors, particularly in regions heavily dependent on dairy farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Grout
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Michael G. Baker
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Nigel French
- School of Veterinary Science, Hopkirk Research InstituteMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Simon Hales
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand
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7
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Lacourt A, Amadéo B, Gramond C, Marrer E, Plouvier S, Baldi I, Blay JY, Coindre JM, de Pinieux G, Gouin F, Italiano A, Le Cesne A, Le Loarer F, Monnereau A, Pellegrin I, Penel N, Ray-Coquard I, Toulmonde M, Ducimetière F, Mathoulin-Pélissier S. ETIOSARC study : environmental aetiology of sarcomas from a French prospective multicentric population-based case-control study-study protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030013. [PMID: 31217320 PMCID: PMC6588955 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcomas are rare tumours of connective tissue. The exact overall incidence of sarcomas is unknown due to diagnostic difficulties and the various histological subtypes (over 80 subtypes). However, the apparent increasing incidence of sarcomas suggests environmental causes such as pesticides. Except for some specific factors (ie, ionising radiation, vinyl chloride, dioxin and genetic predispositions) the scientific knowledge on the aetiology of sarcomas is sparse and inconsistent. France is a particularly appropriate country to set up a study investigating the causes of sarcoma occurrence due to the French organisation in treatment and care of sarcoma patients, which is highly structured and revolved around national expert networks. The main objective of the ETIOlogy of SARcomas (ETIOSARC) project is to study the role of lifestyle, environmental and occupational factors in the occurrence of sarcomas among adults from a multicentric population-based case-control study. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Cases will be all incident patients (older than 18 years) prospectively identified in 15 districts of France covered by a general population-based cancer registry and/or a reference centre in sarcoma's patient care over a 3-year period with an inclusion start date ranging from February 2019 to January 2020 and histologically confirmed by a second review of the diagnosis. Two controls will be individually matched by sex, age (5 years group) and districts of residence and randomly selected from electoral rolls. A standardised questionnaire will be administered by a trained interviewer in order to gather information about occupational and residential history, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and lifestyle factors. At the end of the interview, a saliva sample will be systematically proposed. This study will permit to validate or identify already suspected risk factors for sarcomas such as phenoxyherbicides, chlorophenol and to generate new hypothesis to increase our understanding about the genetic and environmental contributions in the carcinogenicity process. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The present study is promoted by the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (identification number C17-03). This study received National French Ethic committee (CPP Sud Méditerrannée I) approval (identification number 18-31) and French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) approval (identification number 918171). Results of this study will be published in international peer-reviewed journals. Technical appendix, statistical code and dataset will be available in the Dryad repository when collection data are completed. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03670927.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Lacourt
- Inserm U1219 - EPICENE team, Université de Bordeaux, BordeauxCedex, Aquitaine, France
| | - Brice Amadéo
- Inserm U1219 - EPICENE team, Université de Bordeaux, BordeauxCedex, Aquitaine, France
- Inserm CIC 1401, Registre des cancers de la Gironde, Université de Bordeaux, BordeauxCedex, Aquitaine, France
| | - Céline Gramond
- Inserm U1219 - EPICENE team, Université de Bordeaux, BordeauxCedex, Aquitaine, France
| | - Emilie Marrer
- Registre des cancers du Haut-Rhin, Groupe Hospitalier de la Région de Mulhouse et Sud Alsace, Mulhouse, Grand Est, France
| | | | - Isabelle Baldi
- Inserm U1219 - EPICENE team, Université de Bordeaux, BordeauxCedex, Aquitaine, France
- Pôle de Santé Publique, Service de Médecine du Travail et Pathologies professionnelles, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Berard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | | | | | - François Gouin
- Inserm UI957, CHU Nantes, Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France
| | - Antoine Italiano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute Bergonie, Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France
| | - Axel Le Cesne
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - François Le Loarer
- Department of Biopathology, Bergonie Institute, Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France
| | - Alain Monnereau
- Inserm U1219 - EPICENE team, Université de Bordeaux, BordeauxCedex, Aquitaine, France
- Gironde Registry of Haematological Malignancies, Institute Bergonie, Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France
| | - Isabelle Pellegrin
- Service d'Immunologie-Immunogénétique, Pôle de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France
| | - Nicolas Penel
- Medical Oncology Department, Ctr Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Ray-Coquard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Berard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Maud Toulmonde
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute Bergonie, Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France
| | | | - Simone Mathoulin-Pélissier
- Inserm U1219 - EPICENE team, Université de Bordeaux, BordeauxCedex, Aquitaine, France
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Inserm CIC 1401, Institute Bergonie, Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France
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8
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Krstev S, Knutsson A. Occupational Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer: A Meta-analysis. J Cancer Prev 2019; 24:91-111. [PMID: 31360689 PMCID: PMC6619854 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2019.24.2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. There are many occupational factors that have been suggested to cause prostate cancer. Our aim was to evaluate the evidence for causality by a literature review of occupational factors. We searched literature in Medline and SCOPUS from 1966 to June 30, 2015 to identify occupational risk factors for prostate cancer. The following risk factors were selected: farmers/agricultural workers, pesticides - whole group, and separately organophosphate and organochlorine pesticides, carbamates and triazines, cadmium, chromium, cutting fluids, acrylonitrile, rubber manufacturing, whole body vibration, shift work, flight personnel, ionizing radiation, and occupational physical activity. For each factor a literature search was performed and presented as meta-analysis of relative risk and heterogeneity (Q and I2 index). A total of 168 original studies met the inclusion criteria with 90,688 prostate cancer cases. Significantly increased risks were observed for the following occupational exposures: pesticides (metaRR = 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-1.32; I2 = 84%), and specifically group of organochlorine pesticides (meta relative risk [metaRR] = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.03-1.14; I2 = 0%), chromium (metaRR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.07-1.34; I2 = 31%), shift work (metaRR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.05-1.49; I2 = 78%) and pilots (metaRR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.02-1.94; I2 = 63%) and occupational physical activity in cohort studies (metaRR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.81-0.94; I2 = 0%). The literature review supports a causal association for a few of the previously suggested factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srmena Krstev
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health, Belgrade,
Serbia
| | - Anders Knutsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall,
Sweden
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9
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Gharibi H, Entwistle MR, Schweizer D, Tavallali P, Cisneros R. The association between 1,3-dichloropropene and asthma emergency department visits in California, USA from 2005 to 2011: a bidirectional-symmetric case crossover study. J Asthma 2019; 57:601-609. [PMID: 30938205 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2019.1590596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The ever-increasing rate of pesticide use in California farmlands is of great concern due to its potential toxicity on human health. In this study, the association between short term exposure to 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and asthma emergency department (ED) visits in central and southern California from 2005 to 2011 is investigated.Methods: 3878 ED visits were identified from 2005 to 2011 (1064 days). Conditional logistic regression models were used to obtain the odds ratio (OR) associated with 0.01 ppb increase in 1,3-D. Potential effect modification by sex, race/ethnicity (Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, or Hispanic), and age (2-5, 6-18, 19-40, 41-64 or ≥ 65) are investigated.Results: It was found that a 0.01 ppb increase in 1,3-D at the event day is associated with 13.5% [OR = 1.135, 95% CI: 1.123, 1.149] increase in the odds of having asthma ED visits in central and southern California during October to February of 2005 to 2011. Race had a positive association between 1,3-D and asthma ED visits among Non-Hispanic Black [OR= 1.095 95% CI: 1.035, 1.155] and Hispanic [OR= 1.121 95% CI: 1.064, 1.179]; while Non-Hispanic Whites had no association. Positive association for age was found between 1,3-D and asthma ED visits among patients 2 to 5 [OR= 1.065 95% CI: 1.020, 1.133], 6 to 18 [OR= 1.142 95% CI: 1.086, 1.196], and 19 to 40 [OR= 1.023 95% CI: 1.015, 1.073] years old.Conclusion: These findings suggest a 0.01 ppb increase in 1,3-D concentration increases the odds of having asthma ED visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Gharibi
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, California, USA
| | - Marcela R Entwistle
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, California, USA
| | - Donald Schweizer
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, California, USA.,USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, California, USA
| | - Pooya Tavallali
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Merced, USA
| | - Ricardo Cisneros
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, California, USA.,Public Health, University of California, Merced, California, USA
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10
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Lerro CC, Koutros S, Andreotti G, Sandler DP, Lynch CF, Louis LM, Blair A, Parks CG, Shrestha S, Lubin JH, Albert PS, Hofmann JN, Beane Freeman LE. Cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study after 20 years of follow-up. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:311-322. [PMID: 30805813 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), a cohort of private pesticide applicators, their spouses, and commercial applicators, based on 12,420 cancers, adding 5,989 cancers, and 9 years of follow-up since last evaluation. METHODS We calculated age, year, sex, and race-adjusted standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cancer sites in the AHS relative to the general population. RESULTS Overall AHS cancer incidence was lower than the general population (SIRprivate = 0.91, CI 0.89-0.93; SIRspouse = 0.89, CI 0.86-0.92; SIRcommercial = 0.83, CI 0.76-0.92), with notable deficits across applicators and spouses for oral cavity, pancreas, and lung cancers. Cancer excesses included prostate cancer, lip cancer, certain B-cell lymphomas (e.g., multiple myeloma), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), thyroid cancer, testicular cancer, and peritoneal cancer. The lung cancer deficit was strongest among applicators reporting potential exposure to endotoxin at study enrollment (tasks such as raising animals and handling stored grain). CONCLUSIONS Although an overall deficit in cancer was observed, there were notable exceptions, including newly observed excesses for AML, thyroid, testicular, and peritoneal cancers. Furthermore, endotoxin exposure may, in part, account for observed lung cancer incidence deficits. Cancer incidence patterns in the AHS suggest farm exposures' relevance to cancer etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Lerro
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6E116, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Stella Koutros
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6E116, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Gabriella Andreotti
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6E116, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Charles F Lynch
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, 145 N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Lydia M Louis
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6E116, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Aaron Blair
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6E116, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Christine G Parks
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Srishti Shrestha
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Jay H Lubin
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Paul S Albert
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6E116, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6E116, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
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Liu Q, Lei Z, Zhu F, Ihsan A, Wang X, Yuan Z. A Novel Strategy to Predict Carcinogenicity of Antiparasitics Based on a Combination of DNA Lesions and Bacterial Mutagenicity Tests. Front Public Health 2017; 5:288. [PMID: 29170735 PMCID: PMC5684118 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity testing of pharmaceuticals prior to commercialization is requested by regulatory agencies. The bacterial mutagenicity test was considered having the highest accuracy of carcinogenic prediction. However, some evidences suggest that it always results in false-positive responses when the bacterial mutagenicity test is used to predict carcinogenicity. Along with major changes made to the International Committee on Harmonization guidance on genotoxicity testing [S2 (R1)], the old data (especially the cytotgenetic data) may not meet current guidelines. This review provides a compendium of retrievable results of genotoxicity and animal carcinogenicity of 136 antiparasitics. Neither genotoxicity nor carcinogenicity data is available for 84 (61.8%), while 52 (38.2%) have been evaluated in at least one genotoxicity or carcinogenicity study, and only 20 (14.7%) in both genotoxicity and carcinogenicity studies. Among 33 antiparasitics with at least one old result in in vitro genotoxicity, 15 (45.5%) are in agreement with the current ICH S2 (R1) guidance for data acceptance. Compared with other genotoxicity assays, the DNA lesions can significantly increase the accuracy of prediction of carcinogenicity. Together, a combination of DNA lesion and bacterial tests is a more accurate way to predict carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Liu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixin Lei
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Awais Ihsan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Xu Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, China
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12
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Rapisarda V, Ledda C, Matera S, Fago L, Arrabito G, Falzone L, Marconi A, Libra M, Loreto C. Absence of t(14;18) chromosome translocation in agricultural workers after short-term exposure to pesticides. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3379-3382. [PMID: 28339074 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides represents a potential health risk for the general population and for agricultural workers in particular. Some researchers observed that occupational exposure to pesticides is associated with risk of non‑Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The chromosomal translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21) is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities in NHL. The aim of this study was to detect the effects of pesticides on t(14;18) chromosome translocation in agricultural workers after short-term exposure. Fifty-two workers occupationally exposed to pesticides (fungicides and insecticides) and 52 non-exposed were recruited. The farm workers were on average exposed to pesticides for ~3.7 h a day for 5 years. The frequency of BCL2-IGH t(14;18) translocation in workers occupationally exposed to pesticides was 10% (5 of 52) vs. 8% (4 of 52) in the control group. Overall, these data suggest that no significant association between occupational exposure to pesticides and an increased frequency of the chromosomal translocation BCL2-IGH t(14;18) in farmers was observed. However, further studies with a higher number of subjects exposed to pesticides are necessary to confirm this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venerando Rapisarda
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Caterina Ledda
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Serena Matera
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Fago
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrabito
- Prevention and Safety in the Workplace Service, Provincial Health Agency of Ragusa, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Section of General and Clinical Pathology and Oncology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Marconi
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Section of General and Clinical Pathology and Oncology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Loreto
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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13
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Barriers to Seeking Help for Skin Cancer Detection in Rural Australia. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6020019. [PMID: 28208803 PMCID: PMC5332923 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores rural South Australians’ barriers to help-seeking for skin cancer detection. A total of 201 randomly selected rural adults (18–94 years, 66% female) were presented with a skin-cancer-related scenario via telephone and were asked the extent to which various barriers would impede their help-seeking, based on an amended version of the Barriers to Help-Seeking Scale. Older (≥63 years) and less educated participants endorsed barriers more strongly than their younger, more educated counterparts in the following domains; “Concrete barriers and distrust of caregivers”, “Emotional control”, “Minimising problem and Normalisation”, “Need for control and self-reliance” (every domain other than “Privacy”). Socioeconomic disadvantage, gender, and farmer status did not predict stronger overall barriers, but some gender and occupation-related differences were detected at the item level. Farmers were also more likely to endorse the “Minimising problem and normalization” domain than their non-farmer working rural counterparts. Widely endorsed barriers included the tendency to minimise the problem, a desire to remain in control/not be influenced by others, reluctance to show emotion or complain, and having concerns about privacy or waiting times.
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14
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Krawczyk N, de Souza Espíndola Santos A, Lima J, Meyer A. Revisiting cancer 15 years later: Exploring mortality among agricultural and non-agricultural workers in the Serrana Region of Rio de Janeiro. Am J Ind Med 2017; 60:77-86. [PMID: 27699817 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Agricultural production has expanded dramatically throughout Brazil. Previous research in the Serrana Region found that from 1979 to 1998, agricultural workers experienced high mortality rates from certain cancers compared to non-agricultural workers [Meyer et al. (2003): Environ Res 93:264-271]. METHODS New data were obtained for 1999-2013 and Mortality Odds Ratios (MORs) were utilized to compare cancer and other mortality between male agricultural workers in the Serrana Region and non-agricultural workers in the Serrana Region, Rio de Janeiro, and Porto Alegre, and to compare mortality odds to previous decades. RESULTS Respectively, compared to aforementioned reference-groups, agricultural workers experienced highest MORs for stomach (1.55 [95%CI: 1.13-2.12], 2.30 [95%CI: 1.72-3.08], 2.28 [95%CI: 1.69-3.08]) and esophageal cancers (95%CI: 1.93 [1.38-2.7], 1.93 [95%CI: 1.38-2.71], 3.12 [95%CI: 2.30-4.24]), greater than reported in previous decades. Agricultural workers experienced higher mortality for external-causes, respiratory, and cardiovascular problems compared to urban reference-groups. CONCLUSION Agricultural workers may be at increasing risk for cancer and other mortality. Efforts are needed to investigate distinct risk-factors among this group. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:77-86, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Krawczyk
- Department of Mental Health; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Baltimore Maryland
| | | | - Jaime Lima
- Department of Biochemistry; Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Armando Meyer
- Institute for Studies in Collective Health; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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15
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Charlier P, Coppens Y, Malaurie J, Brun L, Kepanga M, Hoang-Opermann V, Correa Calfin JA, Nuku G, Ushiga M, Schor XE, Deo S, Hassin J, Hervé C. A new definition of health? An open letter of autochthonous peoples and medical anthropologists to the WHO. Eur J Intern Med 2017; 37:33-37. [PMID: 27394926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, for many practitioners (hospital and liberals) and researchers (including public health), the WHO definition of health is outdated: first it seems more utopian than pragmatic; then, it proves unsuitable for a large part of the world population. There is clearly a need to refine this definition or propose additional criteria to be more relevant or discriminating. In this perspective, what can indigenous people offer in the elaboration of a new definition of health? In this article, leaders or representatives of autochthonous peoples, anthropologists and physicians from many cultural origins (Amazonia, Patagonia, Papua New-Guinea, Inuit, North-American Indian, sub-Saharan Africa, India, China, Melanesia and Polynesia) have tried to identify and explain several key concepts that WHO should reintegrate into its new definition of health: human equilibrium in nature, accepted spirituality and adaptation. On the sidelines of the application of COP21 decisions that should give back to man his place into the environment, autochthonous people leaders, anthropologists and MDs explain why these three concepts are fundamental and universal health determinants, and need to be included in a new WHO definition of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Charlier
- Section of Medical and Forensic Anthropology (UVSQ, EA 4569 Paris-Descartes), UFR of Health Sciences, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France; CASH, Max Fourestier Hospital, Nanterre, France.
| | - Y Coppens
- Collège de France, place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - J Malaurie
- Center of Arctic Studies, EHESS, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - L Brun
- Section of Medical and Forensic Anthropology (UVSQ, EA 4569 Paris-Descartes), UFR of Health Sciences, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France; Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Parakou, Benin.
| | - M Kepanga
- Huli Community, Highlands, Papua New Guinea.
| | - V Hoang-Opermann
- Section of Medical and Forensic Anthropology (UVSQ, EA 4569 Paris-Descartes), UFR of Health Sciences, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France; Emergency Department, University Hospital, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia.
| | | | - G Nuku
- Museum of Natural History, Rouen, France.
| | | | - X E Schor
- Section of Medical and Forensic Anthropology (UVSQ, EA 4569 Paris-Descartes), UFR of Health Sciences, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - S Deo
- Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
| | - J Hassin
- CASH, Max Fourestier Hospital, Nanterre, France; IPES (CASH and Paris X University), Nanterre, France.
| | - C Hervé
- CASH, Max Fourestier Hospital, Nanterre, France; IPES (CASH and Paris X University), Nanterre, France; Laboratory of Medical Ethics (EA 4569 Paris-Descartes), 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
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16
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Lewis-Mikhael AM, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Ofir Giron T, Olmedo-Requena R, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Jiménez-Moleón JJ. Occupational exposure to pesticides and prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med 2015; 73:134-44. [PMID: 26644457 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies on exposure to pesticides and risk of prostate cancer (PC) provide inconsistent results. We aimed to explore various potential sources of heterogeneity not previously assessed and to derive updated risk estimates from homogenous studies. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases for case-control and cohort studies published from 1985 to April 2014. We assessed the quality of the articles using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled estimates were calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was explored using subset analyses and metaregression. Fifty-two studies were included in the review and 25 in the meta-analysis. No association was found between low exposure to pesticides and PC, but association was significant for high exposure, pooled OR 1.33 (1.02 to 1.63), I(2)=44.8%, p=0.024. Heterogeneity was explained by a number of variables including method used to assess exposure. Pooled OR was weak and non-significant for studies measuring serum pesticide level, 1.12 (0.74 to 1.50), I(2)=0.00%, p=0.966. For studies applying self-reporting of exposure, pooled estimate was 1.34 (0.91 to 1.77), I(2)=0.00%, p=0.493, while a high significant association was detected for grouped exposure assessment, 2.24 (1.36 to 3.11), I(2)=0.00%, p=0.955. In spite of a weak significant association detected when pooling ORs for high occupational exposure to pesticides, the magnitude of the association was related to the method of exposure assessment used by the original studies. A family history-pesticide exposure interaction was also observed for a number of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Mary Lewis-Mikhael
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain Department of Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University
| | - Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs GRANADA), Servicio Andaluz de Salud/Universidad de Granada
| | - Talia Ofir Giron
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rocío Olmedo-Requena
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs GRANADA), Servicio Andaluz de Salud/Universidad de Granada
| | - Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Jaen
| | - José Juan Jiménez-Moleón
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs GRANADA), Servicio Andaluz de Salud/Universidad de Granada
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17
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Schinasi LH, De Roos AJ, Ray RM, Edlefsen KL, Parks CG, Howard BV, Meliker JR, Bonner MR, Wallace RB, LaCroix AZ. Insecticide exposure and farm history in relation to risk of lymphomas and leukemias in the Women's Health Initiative observational study cohort. Ann Epidemiol 2015; 25:803-10. [PMID: 26365305 PMCID: PMC5435453 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Relationships of farm history and insecticide exposure at home or work with lymphohematopoietic (LH) neoplasm risk were investigated in a large prospective cohort of US women. METHODS In questionnaires, women self-reported history living or working on a farm, personally mixing or applying insecticides, insecticide application in the home or workplace by a commercial service, and treating pets with insecticides. Relationships with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma, plasma cell neoplasms, and myeloid leukemia were investigated using Cox proportional hazard models. Age and farming history were explored as effect modifiers. RESULTS The analysis included 76,493 women and 822 NHL cases. Women who ever lived or worked on a farm had 1.12 times the risk of NHL (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.95-1.32) compared to those who did not. Women who reported that a commercial service ever applied insecticides in their immediate surroundings had 65% higher risk of CLL/SLL (95% CI = 1.15-2.38). Women aged less than 65 years who ever applied insecticides had 87% higher risk of DLBCL (95% CI = 1.13-3.09). CONCLUSIONS Insecticide exposures may contribute to risk of CLL/SLL and DLBCL. Future studies should examine relationships of LH subtypes with specific types of household insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah H Schinasi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Anneclaire J De Roos
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roberta M Ray
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Christine G Parks
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Barbara V Howard
- Department of Field Studies, MedStar Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD; Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC
| | - Jaymie R Meliker
- Department of Preventative Medicine and Graduate Program in Public Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Matthew R Bonner
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo
| | - Robert B Wallace
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City
| | - Andrea Z LaCroix
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Division of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego
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18
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Organochlorine pesticides and prostate cancer, Is there an association? A meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:1375-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Depczynski J, Lower T. A review of prostate cancer incidence and mortality studies of farmers and non-farmers, 2002-2013. Cancer Epidemiol 2014; 38:654-62. [PMID: 25306503 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the recent literature on the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in farmers compared to non-farmers. METHODS Searches were conducted in seven electronic databases for observational studies published from 2002 to 2013. Studies were assessed against eligibility criteria and a narrative summary of findings presented. RESULTS Eighteen primary research articles were included in the review. Four of ten mortality studies and two of nine incidence studies reported statistically significant increases in prostate cancer risk in farmers. However, nearly half of all studies reported non-significant reductions in farmers' risk. Additionally, one study reported significantly increased and decreased risk using different outcome measures. Results varied considerably by geographic region, study design and degree of control for confounders, affecting comparability and strength of findings. CONCLUSIONS The overall evidence for increased prostate cancer risk in farmers was weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Depczynski
- Australian Centre for Agricultural Health and Safety, The University of Sydney, Moree, Australia.
| | - Tony Lower
- Australian Centre for Agricultural Health and Safety, The University of Sydney, Moree, Australia
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20
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Tago D, Andersson H, Treich N. Pesticides and Health: A Review of Evidence on Health Effects, Valuation of Risks, and Benefit-Cost Analysis. PREFERENCE MEASUREMENT IN HEALTH 2014. [DOI: 10.1108/s0731-219920140000024006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Mills PK, Shah P. Cancer incidence in California farm workers, 1988-2010. Am J Ind Med 2014; 57:737-47. [PMID: 24954888 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Farmers and farm workers have previously been found to experience decreased risk of some causes of death but elevated risks of certain types of cancer. A previous report on cancer incidence in a farm worker labor union between 1987 and 1997 found increased leukemia, brain, stomach, and uterine cervix cancer rates in this working population. METHODS A roster of farm workers was created and electronically linked to the database of the California Cancer Registry. Proportionate cancer incidence (PCIR), stage, and age at diagnosis and histological subtypes of cancer were compared between the United Farm Workers (UFW) members and the Hispanic population of California as well as to the non-Hispanic whites (NHW). RESULTS In this population of 139,000 farm workers in California, more than 3,600 cancer diagnoses were recorded between 1988 and 2010. Proportionately more cancer was noted in the UFW than among California NHW for kidney and renal pelvis cancer (PCIR = 1.60), liver (PCIR = 4.24), prostate (PCIR = 1.13), and uterine cervix cancer (PCIR = 2.08). Proportionately less breast (PCIR = 0.85), lung (PCIR = 0.75), skin melanoma (PCIR = 0.18), and urinary bladder cancer (PCIR = 0.59) was found. Stage at diagnosis was more advanced in the farm workers for several cancer sites, although, not for colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS These farm workers experience proportionally more prostate, kidney and renal pelvis, brain, liver, stomach, cervix and leukemia and less breast, melanoma, and colorectal cancer than reference populations. For many sites, cancer is not diagnosed as early in the farm workers as in the comparison groups, except for colorectal cancer in females and melanoma in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul K. Mills
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of California; San Francisco Fresno Medical Education and Research Program; Fresno California
| | - Purvi Shah
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of California; San Francisco Fresno Medical Education and Research Program; Fresno California
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22
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Miranda Filho AL, Koifman RJ, Koifman S, Monteiro TRG. Brain cancer mortality in an agricultural and a metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a population-based, age-period-cohort study, 1996-2010. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:320. [PMID: 24884498 PMCID: PMC4019359 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals who live in rural areas are at greater risk for brain cancer, and pesticide exposure may contribute to this increased risk. The aims of this research were to analyze the mortality trends and to estimate the age-period-cohort effects on mortality rates from brain cancer in two regions in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS This descriptive study examined brain cancer mortality patterns in individuals of both sexes, >19 years of age, who died between 1996 and 2010. They were residents of a rural (Serrana) or a non-rural (Metropolitan) area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We estimated mortality trends using Joinpoint Regression analysis. Age-period-cohort models were estimated using Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS The estimated annual percentage change in mortality caused by brain cancer was 3.8% in the Serrana Region (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8-5.6) and -0.2% (95% CI: -1.2-0.7) in the Metropolitan Region. The results indicated that the relative risk was higher in the rural region for the more recent birth cohorts (1954 and later). Compared with the reference birth cohort (1945-49, Serrana Region), the relative risk was four times higher for individuals born between 1985 and 1989. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that there is an increasing trend in brain cancer mortality rates in the rural Serrana Region in Brazil. A cohort effect occurred in the birth cohorts born in this rural area after 1954. At the ecological level, different environmental factors, especially the use of pesticides, may explain regional disparities in the mortality patterns from brain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto Luiz Miranda Filho
- Environmental and Public Health Program, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosalina Jorge Koifman
- Environmental and Public Health Program, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology and Quantitative Methods, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio Koifman
- Environmental and Public Health Program, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology and Quantitative Methods, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Torres Rego Gina Monteiro
- Environmental and Public Health Program, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology and Quantitative Methods, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Amr S, Dawson R, Saleh DA, Magder LS, Mikhail NN, St George DM, Squibb K, Khaled H, Loffredo CA. Agricultural workers and urinary bladder cancer risk in Egypt. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2014; 69:3-10. [PMID: 23930791 PMCID: PMC3819117 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2012.719556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The authors examined the associations between farming and the risk for squamous cell (SCC) or urothelial cell (UC) carcinoma of the urinary bladder among Egyptians. The authors used data from a multicenter case-control study (1,525 male and 315 female cases, and 2,069 male and 547 female age- and residence-matched, population-based controls) to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Men in farming and who never smoked had increased risk for either SCC or UC (AOR [95% CI]: 4.65 [2.59-8.36] and 6.22 [3.82-10.15], respectively). If they ever smoked, their risks were 2.27 (1.75-2.95) and 1.93 (1.58-2.35), respectively. Women in farmer households were at increased risk for SCC (1.40 [0.93-2.09] and UC [1.25 (0.82-1.89]), although not statistically significant. Occupational and environmental exposures to farming increased the risk for bladder cancer among Egyptians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania Amr
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Cellular impact of combinations of endosulfan, atrazine, and chlorpyrifos on human primary hepatocytes and HepaRG cells after short and chronic exposures. Cell Biol Toxicol 2013; 30:17-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-013-9266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Mossa ATH, Refaie AA, Ramadan A, Bouajila J. Antimutagenic effect of Origanum majorana L. essential oil against prallethrin-induced genotoxic damage in rat bone marrow cells. J Med Food 2013; 16:1101-7. [PMID: 24195751 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of prallethrin in rat bone marrow cells and the protective effect of Origanum majorana L. essential oil (EO). Our results demonstrated that prallethrin at dose 64.0 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) (1/10 LD50), has a clastogenic/genotoxic potential as shown by the high percentage of chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) in the bone marrow cells of male rats, whereas the combined treatment of prallethrin and O. majorana EO resulted in the reduction of the CA (54.54%). The combined treatment also reduced the micronuclei formation significantly. In conclusion, prallethrin can be considered clastogenic/genotoxic and may carry a risk to human health. The study revealed the antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic potential of O. majorana EO against prallethrin-induced genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in rat bone marrow cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Tawab H Mossa
- 1 Department of Pesticide Chemistry [Environmental Toxicology Research Unit (ETRU)], National Research Center , Giza, Egypt
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26
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Boccolini PDM, Boccolini CS, Chrisman JDR, Markowitz SB, Koifman S, Koifman RJ, Meyer A. Pesticide use and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma mortality in Brazil. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2013; 216:461-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Pearce N, Douwes J. Research at the interface between human and veterinary health. Prev Vet Med 2013; 111:187-93. [PMID: 23791125 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiology is currently undergoing changes in its underlying philosophy and approach, as a result of the rapid global changes which are transforming the world in which epidemiologists live and work. This necessitates a multidisciplinary "population approach" involving "multilevel thinking" about the determinants of disease. These issues are of relevance to the interface between human and animal epidemiology, which has received considerable attention in recent years, particularly as a result of the arrival of H1N1 influenza, and the increasingly obvious need for coordinated systems of surveillance for human and animal infectious diseases. However, the need for coordination between human and veterinary epidemiology is broader than that, and there is no need to restrict the "one world one health" concept to communicable disease. In the current paper we will therefore consider the interface between human and animal health for the study of non-communicable disease, particularly those involving occupational and environmental risk factors. These issues are illustrated with two examples: one involving environmental health (asthma); and one involving occupational health (cancer). We will also discuss the potential to use animal health data as indicators for human environmental health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Pearce
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University Wellington Campus, Private Box 756, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Baldi I, Lebailly P, Rondeau V, Bouchart V, Blanc-Lapierre A, Bouvier G, Canal-Raffin M, Garrigou A. Levels and determinants of pesticide exposure in operators involved in treatment of vineyards: results of the PESTEXPO Study. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2012; 22:593-600. [PMID: 22892809 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2012.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure assessment is a critical point for epidemiological studies on pesticide health effects. PESTEXPO study provides data on levels of exposure and their determinants in real conditions of pesticide use. We described levels of exposure in vineyards during treatment tasks (mixing, spraying and cleaning) and we analysed their determinants. Sixty-seven operators using dithiocarbamates or folpet were observed. Detailed information on the tasks (general conditions, operator, farm and equipment characteristics) were collected and dermal contamination was measured, using patches placed onto the skin on eleven body parts, and washing the hands at the end of each phase. The spraying phase represented roughly half of the contamination, whereas mixing and equipment cleaning accounted for 30% and 20% of the contamination, respectively. The main determinants of exposure were the number of phases, the characteristics of the equipment, the educational level of the operator and his status (farm -worker or -owner) and the general characteristics of the vines. Algorithms were built to estimate daily external contamination, according to these characteristics during mixing, spraying or equipment cleaning. With additional information of frequency and duration of use, they will enable to develop exposure indices usable in epidemiological studies on farmers' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Baldi
- University Bordeaux, ISPED, Laboratoire Santé Travail Environnement, Bordeaux, France.
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Roma GC, De Oliveira PR, Araujo AM, Bechara GH, Mathias MIC. Genotoxic and mutagenic effects of permethrin in mice: Micronuclei analysis in peripheral blood erythrocytes. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 75:1732-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Brain cancer mortality among farm workers of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A population-based case–control study, 1996–2005. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2012; 215:496-501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Kasner EJ, Keralis JM, Mehler L, Beckman J, Bonnar-Prado J, Lee SJ, Diebolt-Brown B, Mulay P, Lackovic M, Waltz J, Schwartz A, Mitchell Y, Moraga-McHaley S, Roisman R, Gergely R, Calvert GM. Gender differences in acute pesticide-related illnesses and injuries among farmworkers in the United States, 1998-2007. Am J Ind Med 2012; 55:571-83. [PMID: 22495938 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Farmworkers have a high risk for acute pesticide-related illness and injury, and the rate among female farmworkers is approximately twice as high as that among males. Surveillance data were used to identify reasons for this gender difference. METHODS We identified acute pesticide-related illness and injury cases among farmworkers from the Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks (SENSOR)-Pesticides Program and the California Department of Pesticide Regulation. Gender-specific associations with acute pesticide-related illness and injury were assessed using chi-square tests. National Agricultural Workers Survey data were also examined. RESULTS The over-representation of females among farmworker illness and injury cases was confined to females who did not handle pesticides (non-handlers). Female non-handler farmworkers who were affected were more likely to be working on fruit and nut crops, to be exposed to off-target pesticide drift, and to be exposed to fungicides and fumigants compared to males. CONCLUSIONS Although there is an increased risk for acute pesticide-related illness and injury among female farmworkers, the absolute number of farmworkers with acute pesticide-related illness and injury is far higher among males than females. Furthermore, farmworkers have little or no control over many of the identified contributing factors that led to illness and injury. Stringent enforcement of existing regulations and enhanced regulatory efforts to protect against off-target drift exposures may have the highest impact in reducing acute pesticide-related illness and injury among farmworkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Kasner
- Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
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Koivisto-Korander R, Martinsen JI, Weiderpass E, Leminen A, Pukkala E. Incidence of uterine leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma in Nordic countries: results from NORDCAN and NOCCA databases. Maturitas 2012; 72:56-60. [PMID: 22377186 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND STUDY DESIGN Uterine sarcomas are an uncommon and heterogeneous group of malignancies. Their etiology is mainly unknown. Here, we analyzed trends in incidence and occupational variation in risk of uterine leiomyosarcomas (LMS) and endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS) in the Nordic countries aided by NORDCAN and NOCCA (Nordic Occupational Cancer) databases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence rates per 100,000 and Standardized incidences rates (SIR) obtained from NORDCAN and NOCCA databases. RESULTS The incidence rates were about 0.3 per 100,000 for ESS and about 0.4 per 100,000 for LMS in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway. During the study-period (1978-2007), the incidence rates in each country were quite similar and constant. The age-specific incidence of LMS showed a peak around menopause. Significantly increased risk for LMS occurred in shoe and leather workers, farmers and teachers, whereas significantly low risk was detected with packers in the NOCCA data from Finland, Norway, and Sweden. For ESS no occupations showed either increased or decreased incidences. CONCLUSIONS The incidence trends of LMS and ESS in our study were constant in four Nordic countries over time. The elevated risk for LMS with women exposed to leather work and animal dust indicates further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Koivisto-Korander
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Sandal S, Yilmaz B. Genotoxic effects of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, endosulfan and 2,4-D on human peripheral lymphocytes cultured from smokers and nonsmokers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2011; 26:433-442. [PMID: 20196147 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Revised: 01/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides often cause environmental pollution and adverse effects on human health. We have chosen four structurally different pesticides (endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide; chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate insecticide; cypermethrin, type II pyrethroid insecticide, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon acid pesticide) to examine and compare their effects on DNA damage in acutely cultured human lymphocytes by the comet assay. In addition, possible differences in response between smoking and nonsmoking subjects were also investigated. Venous blood samples were obtained from healthy male nonsmoker (n = 7) and smoker (n = 8) donors. Primary cultures of lymphocytes were prepared and test groups were treated with three different concentrations (1, 5, and 10 μM) of endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, cypermehrin, and 2,4-D. DNA damage was assessed by alkaline comet assay. We determined an increase in the ratio of DNA migration in human lymphocyte cell cultures as a result of treatment with cypermethrin, 2,4-D and chlorpyrifos at high concentration. Endosulfan had no significant genotoxic effect even at 10 μM concentration. We suggest that chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin are more potentially genotoxic than endosulfan and 2,4-D. Our findings also indicate that the only significant DNA damage between smokers and nonsmokers was observed in the 2,4-D-treated group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Sandal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey
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Bernal M, Romero F, Souza D, Gómez-Bernal F, Gómez-Bernal G. Estimation of the projections of incidence rates, prevalence and mortality due to prostate cancer in Aragon (Spain). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Bernal M, Romero FJ, Souza DLB, Gómez-Bernal FJ, Gómez-Bernal GJ. [Estimation of the projections of incidence rates, prevalence and mortality due to prostate cancer in Aragon (Spain)]. Actas Urol Esp 2011; 35:470-4. [PMID: 21621302 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to project prostate cancer prevalence, incidence rates and mortality over a 15-year period going from 2008 to 2022 for the Aragon region of Spain. METHODS The projections were calculated using the MIAMOD PROGRAM. All-cause mortality due to prostate cancer for the baseline period of 1998 to 2007 was obtained from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics. RESULTS The prostate cancer incidence rates for the period 2008 to 2022 per 100,000 persons are projected to decrease from 47.57 to 26.68/100,000 (adjusted rates 24.9 to 12.93). Mortality will decrease from 21.89 to 11.73 (adjusted rates 10.89 to 5.83) and prevalence from 277.07 cases/ 100,000 per year to 125.09 (adjusted rates 165.54 to 63.41). CONCLUSIONS These projections indicate that the prostate cancer incidence and its mortality rate will decrease in Aragon (Spain).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bernal
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidad de Zaragoza, España.
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Case-control study on the use of mobile and cordless phones and the risk for malignant melanoma in the head and neck region. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2011; 18:325-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Paiva JCG, Cabral IO, Soares BM, Sombra CML, Ferreira JRO, Moraes MO, Cavalcanti BC, Pessoa C. Biomonitoring of rural workers exposed to a complex mixture of pesticides in the municipalities of Tianguá and Ubajara (Ceará state, Brazil): genotoxic and cytogenetic studies. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2011; 52:492-501. [PMID: 21370288 DOI: 10.1002/em.20647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 12/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of pesticides in agriculture has been steadily increasing, and associations between exposure to agricultural chemicals and DNA damage and cancer have been reported. Brazil is one of the world leaders in pesticide use; however, studies that evaluate the impact of pesticide exposure on cancer incidence and mortality are very scarce in the Brazilian population. The alkaline comet assay and the chromosome aberration (CA) test were used to evaluate primary DNA damage in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers exposed to a complex mixture of pesticides in two small rural communities in the municipalities of Tianguá and Ubajara, located in the western part of Ceará State (Northeast Brazil), which are among the largest agricultural areas of the state. The comet assay showed that the damage index and damage frequency observed in the exposed groups were significantly higher in relation to the controls (P < 0.05). On the other hand, no differences were detected regarding structural and numerical CAs in the communities evaluated. Additionally, the observed levels of DNA strand breaks and frequencies of CAs, stratified for exposure time, were not statistically different for individuals of either rural community. Our results suggest that the damages caused by pesticides in our study area were not great enough to induce permanent mutations or to interfere with mitotic apparatus formation; minimal pesticide damages could have undergone cellular repair, explaining the absence of structural and numerical CAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C G Paiva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, National Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Gallois J, Pottier D, Houssin M, Le Goff J, André V. DNA adduct variations in non-smoking crop farmers: potential relationship with occupational exposure to pesticides? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 32:1-9. [PMID: 21787723 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxic impact of the occupational exposure was measured in farmers from Normandy, France. White blood cell DNA-adduct levels were measured for 116 non-smoking French crop farmers, using the (32)P-postlabelling method. A single blood sample was collected per farmer, at a randomised period of the year. Significantly higher bulky DNA-adduct levels were observed for samples collected from April to July, compared with samples collected during the other months. Agricultural practices were not significantly different between these two groups of farmers, but interestingly, the mean and the median duration without exposure to pesticides were significantly shorter for farmers sampled between April and July. These data, obtained in a homogeneous population of farmers, indicate a genotoxic impact for a sub-group, with a potential association with the use of pesticides. From the rest of the group, this study also gives for the first time additional information on the background fluctuations of this biomarker over the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Gallois
- Laboratoire Départemental Franck Duncombe (LDFD14), Conseil Général du Calvados, 1, route de Rosel, 14053, Caen Cedex 4, France.
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Frost G, Brown T, Harding AH. Mortality and cancer incidence among British agricultural pesticide users. Occup Med (Lond) 2011; 61:303-10. [PMID: 21709170 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqr067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the acute effects of pesticides in humans are well known, uncertainty still exists about the health effects of chronic low-level exposure to pesticides. AIMS To compare mortality and cancer incidence experienced by a cohort of British pesticide users to that of the Great Britain (GB) population. METHODS The Pesticide Users Health Study (PUHS) comprises users of agricultural pesticides who have Certificates of Competence under the Control of Pesticides Regulations 1986. Participants were followed up between 1987 and 2004 (cancer incidence) or 2005 (mortality). Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were estimated for outcomes of interest identified from the literature. RESULTS Altogether, 62,960 pesticide users were followed up for 829,709 person-years (to 31 December 2005). Most participants were male (94%) and based in England (86%). All-cause mortality was lower for both men [SMR 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55-0.60] and women (SMR 0.71, 95% CI 0.52-0.98) compared to the GB population. Mortality and incidence were below those expected for all cancers combined among men (SMR 0.71, 95% CI 0.66-0.77; SIR 0.85, 95% CI 0.81-0.90), particularly for cancers of the lip, oral cavity and pharynx, digestive organs and respiratory system. The incidence of testicular cancer, non-melanoma skin cancer and multiple myeloma were above expected. Mortality from injury by machinery was significantly above expected for men (SMR 4.21, 95% CI 2.11-8.42). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that pesticide users in the PUHS are generally healthier than the national population but may have excesses of non-melanoma skin cancer, testicular cancer and multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Frost
- Mathematical Sciences Unit, Health and Safety Laboratory, Harpur Hill, Buxton, Derbyshire SK17 9JN, UK.
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Hematological, Biochemical Effects, and Self-reported Symptoms in Pesticide Retailers. J Occup Environ Med 2011; 53:517-21. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e318215fbf2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Sameer AS, Chowdri NA, Syeed N, Banday MZ, Shah ZA, Siddiqi MA. SMAD4--molecular gladiator of the TGF-beta signaling is trampled upon by mutational insufficiency in colorectal carcinoma of Kashmiri population: an analysis with relation to KRAS proto-oncogene. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:300. [PMID: 20565773 PMCID: PMC2927996 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development and progression of colorectal cancer has been extensively studied and the genes responsible have been well characterized. However the correlation between the SMAD4 gene mutations with KRAS mutant status has not been explored by many studies so far. Here, in this study we aimed to investigate the role of SMAD4 gene aberrations in the pathogenesis of CRC in Kashmir valley and to correlate it with various clinicopathological variables and KRAS mutant genotype. METHODS We examined the paired tumor and normal tissue specimens of 86 CRC patients for the occurrence of aberrations in MCR region of SMAD4 and exon 1 of KRAS by PCR-SSCP and/or PCR-Direct sequencing. RESULTS The overall mutation rate of mutation cluster region (MCR) region of SMAD4 gene among 86 patients was 18.6% (16 of 86). 68.75% (11/16) of the SMAD4 gene mutants were found to have mutations in KRAS gene as well. The association between the KRAS mutant genotype with SMAD4 mutants was found to be significant (P = or < 0.05). Further more, we found a significant association of tumor location, tumor grade, node status, occupational exposure to pesticides and bleeding PR/Constipation with the mutation status of the SMAD4 gene (P = or < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that SMAD4 gene aberrations are the common event in CRC development but play a differential role in the progression of CRC in higher tumor grade (C+D) and its association with the KRAS mutant status suggest that these two molecules together are responsible for the progression of the tumor to higher/advanced stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Syed Sameer
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India. 190011
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India. 190011
- Department of General Surgery, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India. 190011
| | - Nissar A Chowdri
- Department of General Surgery, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India. 190011
| | - Nidda Syeed
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India. 190011
| | - Mujeeb Z Banday
- Department of Biotechnology, Kashmir University, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir, India. 190006
| | - Zaffar A Shah
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India. 190011
| | - Mushtaq A Siddiqi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India. 190011
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Dennis LK, Lynch CF, Sandler DP, Alavanja MC. Pesticide use and cutaneous melanoma in pesticide applicators in the agricultural heath study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:812-7. [PMID: 20164001 PMCID: PMC2898858 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma rates continue to increase; however, few risk factors other than sun sensitivity and ultraviolet radiation (including sun exposure) have been identified. Although studies of farmers have shown an excess risk of melanoma and other skin cancers, it is unclear how much of this is related to sun exposure compared with other agricultural exposures. METHODS We examined dose-response relationships for 50 agricultural pesticides and cutaneous melanoma incidence in the Agricultural Health Study cohort of licensed pesticide applicators, along with ever use of older pesticides that contain arsenic. Logistic regression was used to examine odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with pesticide exposure adjusted for age, sex, and other potential confounders. RESULTS We found significant associations between cutaneous melanoma and maneb/mancozeb (>or= 63 exposure days: OR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2-4.9; trend p = 0.006), parathion (>or= 56 exposure days: OR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3-4.4; trend p = 0.003), and carbaryl (>or= 56 exposure days: OR = 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.5; trend p = 0.013). Other associations with benomyl and ever use of arsenical pesticides were also suggested. CONCLUSIONS Most previous melanoma literature has focused on host factors and sun exposure. Our research shows an association between several pesticides and melanoma, providing support for the hypotheses that agricultural chemicals may be another important source of melanoma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie K. Dennis
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Charles F. Lynch
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael C.R. Alavanja
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Thomas KW, Dosemeci M, Hoppin JA, Sheldon LS, Croghan CW, Gordon SM, Jones ML, Reynolds SJ, Raymer JH, Akland GG, Lynch CF, Knott CE, Sandler DP, Blair AE, Alavanja MC. Urinary biomarker, dermal, and air measurement results for 2,4-D and chlorpyrifos farm applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2010; 20:119-34. [PMID: 19240759 PMCID: PMC3633453 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2009.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A subset of private pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) epidemiological cohort was monitored around the time of their agricultural use of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and O,O-diethyl-O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate (chlorpyrifos) to assess exposure levels and potential determinants of exposure. Measurements included pre- and post-application urine samples, and patch, hand wipe, and personal air samples. Boom spray or hand spray application methods were used by applicators for 2,4-D products. Chlorpyrifos products were applied using spray applications and in-furrow application of granular products. Geometric mean (GM) values for 69 2,4-D applicators were 7.8 and 25 microg/l in pre- and post-application urine, respectively (P<0.05 for difference); 0.39 mg for estimated hand loading; 2.9 mg for estimated body loading; and 0.37 microg/m(3) for concentration in personal air. Significant correlations were found between all media for 2,4-D. GM values for 17 chlorpyrifos applicators were 11 microg/l in both pre- and post-application urine for the 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol metabolite, 0.28 mg for body loading, and 0.49 microg/m(3) for air concentration. Only 53% of the chlorpyrifos applicators had measurable hand loading results; their median hand loading being 0.02 mg. Factors associated with differences in 2,4-D measurements included application method and glove use, and, for hand spray applicators, use of adjuvants, equipment repair, duration of use, and contact with treated vegetation. Spray applications of liquid chlorpyrifos products were associated with higher measurements than in-furrow granular product applications. This study provides information on exposures and possible exposure determinants for several application methods commonly used by farmers in the cohort and will provide information to assess and refine exposure classification in the AHS. Results may also be of use in pesticide safety education for reducing exposures to pesticide applicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent W Thomas
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA.
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Occupational exposure to terbufos and the incidence of cancer in the Agricultural Health Study. Cancer Causes Control 2010; 21:871-7. [PMID: 20155313 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-010-9514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Terbufos is the fourth most commonly used organophosphate insecticide (OP) in the United States. Terbufos has not been demonstrated to be carcinogenic in rodents, although non-arsenical insecticides, including OPs, have been associated with excess cancer in epidemiologic studies. We investigated associations between use of terbufos and the incidence of cancer. METHODS The Agricultural Health Study is a prospective cohort study of 57,310 licensed pesticide applicators from Iowa and North Carolina. Detailed information about 50 pesticides, including terbufos, and potential confounders was obtained from self-administered questionnaires. Terbufos intensity-weighted lifetime exposure-days were defined as (lifetime exposure-days) x (exposure intensity score). Cases include all first primary cancers diagnosed between enrollment and December 31, 2005. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI were calculated with Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Overall cancer risk was slightly increased among terbufos users [HR 1.21 (1.06-1.37)]. Suggestive associations were observed between terbufos use and cancers of the prostate (HR(highest tertile) = 1.21; 95% CI = 0.99-1.47) and lung (HR(middle tertile) = 1.45; 95% CI = 0.95-2.22) and leukemia (HR(middle tertile) = 2.38; 95% CI = 1.35-4.21) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (HR(middle tertile) = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.16-3.22), although the exposure-response gradients were non-monotonic and p for trends were not significant. CONCLUSION We found suggestive associations between occupational terbufos use and several cancer sites. However, cautious interpretation of these results is warranted by the lack of existing experimental and epidemiologic evidence to support carcinogenic effects of terbufos.
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Tranah GJ, Holly EA, Bracci PM. Solvent exposure and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: no risk in a population-based study in the San Francisco Bay Area. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 18:3130-2. [PMID: 19900943 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature on environmental exposures and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is inconsistent and no occupational exposures have been conclusively identified as causal factors. We used job exposure matrices to assess the association between occupational exposure to solvents in a population-based case-control study of NHL (n = 1,591 cases; n = 2,515 controls) in the San Francisco Bay Area between 1988 and 1995. Occupational histories were collected during in-person interviews and were coded according to the 1980 U.S. Department of Commerce Alphabetic Index of Industries and Occupations. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were adjusted for potential confounders. Our results have provided no support for an association between NHL and occupational exposure to solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107-1728, USA.
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47
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Park SK, Kang D, Beane-Freeman L, Blair A, Hoppin JA, Sandler DP, Lynch CF, Knott C, Gwak J, Alavanja M. Cancer incidence among paraquat exposed applicators in the agricultural health study: prospective cohort study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2009; 15:274-81. [PMID: 19650582 DOI: 10.1179/oeh.2009.15.3.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4, 4'-bipyridinium dichloride) is a nonselective herbicide that is extremely toxic after acute exposure. It was once widely used in North America and is still used in some countries, including the United States. Although there is little firm evidence that paraquat is a carcinogen, previous studies have suggested a potential relationship with some cancers. This prospective cohort study was performed to evaluate the association between lifetime paraquat exposure and cancer incidence among licensed pesticide applicators with 9.1 years of median follow-up. The lifetime ever-use of paraquat was evaluated in 56,224 subjects at baseline and exposure-response relationship was evaluated in 24,667 subjects (44%) who provided detailed information on total life-time paraquat exposure in a second questionnaire. Among the total subjects, the risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the exposed group was marginally elevated (Relative risk [RR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-2.23) compared to the non-exposed group. However, among the 24,667 applicators who supplied total life-time exposure days, the highest tertile of lifetime exposure-days (LE) and intensity-weighted lifetime exposure-days (IWLE) was not significantly associated with NHL risk (RR, 1.57; 95%CI, 0.57-4.23 for LE; RR, 1.42; 95%CI, 0.40-4.71 for IWLE, respectively) and there was no significant exposure-response trend (p-trend > 0.1). There was some suggestion of a possible link between paraquat exposure and NHL risk in humans, but the inconsistency in exposure level trend suggests that this could be a chance finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue K Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Chrisman JDR, Koifman S, de Novaes Sarcinelli P, Moreira JC, Koifman RJ, Meyer A. Pesticide sales and adult male cancer mortality in Brazil. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2009; 212:310-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Clastogenic effects of glyphosate in bone marrow cells of swiss albino mice. J Toxicol 2008; 2009:308985. [PMID: 20107585 PMCID: PMC2809416 DOI: 10.1155/2009/308985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine, C(3)H(8)NO(5)P), a herbicide, used to control unwanted annual and perennial plants all over the world. Nevertheless, occupational and environmental exposure to pesticides can pose a threat to nontarget species including human beings. Therefore, in the present study, genotoxic effects of the herbicide glyphosate were analyzed by measuring chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and micronuclei (MN) in bone marrow cells of Swiss albino mice. A single dose of glyphosate was given intraperitoneally (i.p) to the animals at a concentration of 25 and 50 mg/kg b.wt. Animals of positive control group were injected i.p. benzo(a)pyrene (100 mg/kg b.wt., once only), whereas, animals of control (vehicle) group were injected i.p. dimethyl sulfoxide (0.2 mL). Animals from all the groups were sacrificed at sampling times of 24, 48, and 72 hours and their bone marrow was analyzed for cytogenetic and chromosomal damage. Glyphosate treatment significantly increases CAs and MN induction at both treatments and time compared with the vehicle control (P < .05). The cytotoxic effects of glyphosate were also evident, as observed by significant decrease in mitotic index (MI). The present results indicate that glyphosate is clastogenic and cytotoxic to mouse bone marrow.
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Shah S, Hess-Wilson JK, Webb S, Daly H, Godoy-Tundidor S, Kim J, Boldison J, Daaka Y, Knudsen KE. 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene stimulates androgen independence in prostate cancer cells through combinatorial activation of mutant androgen receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Mol Cancer Res 2008; 6:1507-20. [PMID: 18819937 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-07-2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Therapy resistance represents a major clinical challenge in disseminated prostate cancer for which only palliative treatment is available. One phenotype of therapy-resistant tumors is the expression of somatic, gain-of-function mutations of the androgen receptor (AR). Such mutant receptors can use noncanonical endogenous ligands (e.g., estrogen) as agonists, thereby promoting recurrent tumor formation. Additionally, selected AR mutants are sensitized to the estrogenic endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC) bisphenol A, present in the environment. Herein, screening of additional EDCs revealed that multiple tumor-derived AR mutants (including T877A, H874Y, L701H, and V715M) are sensitized to activation by the pesticide 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE), thus indicating that this agent may impinge on AR signaling in cancer cells. Further investigation showed that DDE induced mutant AR recruitment to the prostate-specific antigen regulatory region, concomitant with an enhancement of target gene expression, and androgen-independent proliferation. By contrast, neither AR activation nor altered cellular proliferation was observed in cells expressing wild-type AR. Activation of signal transduction pathways was also observed based on rapid phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, although only MAPK activation was associated with DDE-induced cellular proliferation. Functional analyses showed that both mutant AR and MAPK pathways contribute to the proliferative action of DDE, as evidenced through selective abrogation of each pathway. Together, these data show that exposure to environmentally relevant doses of EDCs can promote androgen-independent cellular proliferation in tumor cells expressing mutant AR and that DDE uses both mutant AR and MAPK pathways to exert its mitogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Shah
- Kimmel Cancer Center and Department of Cancer, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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