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Mocniak L, Bitzer ZT, Goel R, Muscat JE, Foulds J, Elias RJ, Richie JP. Free Radicals in Little Cigar Mainstream Smoke and the Potential Influence of Flavoring Chemicals on Free Radical Production. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:1121-1128. [PMID: 38953874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Implementation of the Tobacco Control Act in 2009 banned characterizing flavors in cigarettes (except menthol and tobacco), but substitution has occurred by the continued availability of alternative flavored products (i.e., flavored little cigars). Little is known about how flavorants in noncigarette tobacco products impact human health. Thus, we investigated the impact of flavorants on free radical production in the mainstream smoke of little cigars. Gas- and particulate-phase free radical yields in mainstream smoke generated from 12 commercial little cigar brands and research little cigars and cigarettes were measured via electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy using the International Organization of Standardization (ISO) smoking protocol. Flavorants were extracted from unsmoked little cigars and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Gas- and particulate-phase radical yields from little cigars ranged from 13.5 to 97.6 and 0.453-1.175 nmol/unit, respectively. Comparatively, research cigarettes yielded an average of 4.9 nmol gas-phase radicals/unit and 0.292 nmol particulate-phase radicals/unit. From the products, 66 flavorants were identified, with each brand containing 4-24 individual flavorants. The free radical content was strongly correlated with the number of flavorants present in each cigar (r = 0.74, p = 0.01), indicating that highly flavored little cigars may produce higher levels of toxic free radicals. The presence of the flavorant ethyl methylphenylglycidate (strawberry) was associated with >2-fold higher levels of GP radicals (p = 0.001). Our results show that free radical delivery from little cigars is greater than that from research cigarettes and provide empirical evidence for the harmfulness of flavored tobacco products. Additionally, it demonstrates that flavorants present in combustible tobacco products can influence the levels of free radicals produced. Therefore, future tobacco product standards should consider little cigars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Mocniak
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Center for Research on Tobacco and Health, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Zachary T Bitzer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Center for Research on Tobacco and Health, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Reema Goel
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Center for Research on Tobacco and Health, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Joshua E Muscat
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Center for Research on Tobacco and Health, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Jonathan Foulds
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Center for Research on Tobacco and Health, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Ryan J Elias
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John P Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Center for Research on Tobacco and Health, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
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Diaz-Garcia H, Vilchis-Gil J, Castro-Cerritos KV, Rivera-Susunaga LE, Klünder-Klünder M, Granados-Riveron JT, Gómez-López J, López-Torres A, Sánchez-Urbina R. Association between maternal diet, smoking, and the placenta MTHFR 677C/T genotype and global placental DNA methylation. Placenta 2024; 146:17-24. [PMID: 38160599 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The placenta provides nutrients to the fetus, and it has protective effects against harmful substances. Unhealthy maternal diets and toxic agents might increase free radical (FR) production. Elevated FR levels are associated with a high risk of oxidative stress, which may cause DNA damage. DNA might be oxidized in the placenta, occasionally affecting its methylation profile due to 8-hidroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine formation. METHODS This study assessed 130 mothers and their children. The maternal's nutritional patterns were determined using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Information on smoking and alcohol consumption was collected during the medical examination. Data on placental DNA were obtained to determine the MTHFR 677C/T genotype and the proportion of placental DNA methylation (pDNAm). RESULTS Consumption of vitamins and folic acid was above 85%. The pDNAm was found to be correlated with gestational age and coffee intake. Mothers with a smoking history had a low pDNAm. Placentas with the TT genotype had a higher but not significant pDNAm. In the placentas with the CC/CT genotype, the pDNAm was positively associated with carbohydrate and biotin intake. However, the TT genotype was negatively associated with folate and vegetable intake. DISCUSSION The pDNAm was positively associated with coffee intake, but not with macro-, and micronutrient intake. However, it was negatively associated with cigarette smoking. The placentas with the CC/CT genotype had a lower pDNAm than those with the TT genotype. In the placentas with the CC/CT or TT genotype, methylation was positively, and negatively associated with micro- or macronutrients, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Diaz-Garcia
- Centro de Investigación en Malformaciones Congénitas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; Escuela Superior de Enfermería y Obstetricia, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Jenny Vilchis-Gil
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica en Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Luis E Rivera-Susunaga
- Centro de Investigación en Malformaciones Congénitas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Miguel Klünder-Klünder
- Subdirección de la Gestión de la Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Javier T Granados-Riveron
- Centro de Investigación en Malformaciones Congénitas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Jaqueline Gómez-López
- Hospital Militar de Especialidades de la Mujer y Neonatología, Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City 11200, Mexico
| | - Adolfo López-Torres
- Instituto de Química Aplicada, Universidad del Papaloapan, Tuxtepec, Oaxaca 68301, Mexico
| | - Rocío Sánchez-Urbina
- Centro de Investigación en Malformaciones Congénitas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico.
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Siddiqui R, Ghimire A, Muhammad JS, Khan NA. Increasing importance of breast cancer in Nepal. Hosp Pract (1995) 2022; 50:347-355. [PMID: 36106506 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2022.2125724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, breast cancer cases in Nepal are on the rise, accounting for approximately 16% of all cancer cases, making it the second most common malignancy. Given the dependence of the Nepalese on agriculture, the rampant use of pesticides as well as the presence of arsenic in water supplies might be contributing to this huge rise in cancer cases. Herein, we provide a brief overview of the status of breast cancer, its burden, risk factors, screening and modes of treatment in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Ajnish Ghimire
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, UAE
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Zhu Y, Tang Q, Cao W, Zhou N, Jin X, Song Z, Zu L, Xu S. Identification of a novel oxidative stress-related prognostic model in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1030062. [PMID: 36467027 PMCID: PMC9715759 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress (OxS) participates in a variety of biological processes, and is considered to be related to the occurrence and progression of many tumors; however, the potential diagnostic value of OxS in lung cancer remains unclear. Methods: The clinicopathological and transcriptome data for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) were collected from TCGA and GEO database. LASSO regression was used to construct a prognostic risk model. The prognostic significance of the OxS-related genes was explored using a Kaplan-Meier plotter database. The prediction performance of the risk model was shown in both the TCGA and GSE68465 cohorts. The qRT-PCR was performed to explore the expression of genes. CCK-8, Edu and transwell assays were conducted to analyze the role of CAT on cell proliferation migration and invasion in lung cancer. Immune infiltration was evaluated by CIBERSORT and mutational landscape was displayed in the TCGA database. Moreover, the relationship between risk score with drug sensitivity was investigated by pRRophetic. Results: We identified a prognosis related risk model based on a four OxS gene signature in LUAD, including CYP2D6, FM O 3, CAT, and GAPDH. The survival analysis and ROC curve indicated good predictive power of the model in both the TCGA and GEO cohorts. LUAD patients in the high-risk group had a shorter OS compared to the low-risk group. QRT-PCR result showed that the expression of four genes was consistent with previous analysis in cell lines. Moreover, overexpression of CAT could decrease the proliferation, invasion and migration of lung cancer cells. The Cox regression analysis showed that the risk score could be used as an independent prognostic factor for OS. LUAD patients in the high-risk score group exhibited a higher tumor mutation burden and risk score were closely related to tumor associated immune cell infiltration, as well as the expression of immune checkpoint molecules. Both the high- and low-risk groups have significant differences in sensitivity to some common chemotherapy drugs, such as Paclitaxel, Docetaxel, and Vinblastine, which may contribute to clinical treatment decisions. Conclusion: We established a robust OxS-related prognostic model, which may contribute to individualized immunotherapeutic strategies in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Quanying Tang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weibo Cao
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zuoqing Song
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingling Zu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Yalcin EB, Delikkaya BN, Pelit W, Tong M, De La Monte SM, Rounds S. The Differential Effects of Chronic Alcohol and Cigarette Smoke Exposures on Cognitive-Behavioral Dysfunction in Long Evans Rats. JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCE 2022; 12:413-432. [PMID: 36860550 PMCID: PMC9974143 DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2022.129024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Chronic heavy alcohol consumption and daily cigarette smoking are the most prevalent substance use problems in the U.S., including Veterans. Excessive alcohol use causes neurocognitive and behavioral deficits that can be linked to neurodegeneration. Similarly, preclinical and clinical data suggest that smoking also leads to brain atrophy. This study examines the differential and additive effects of alcohol and cigarette smoke (CS) exposures on cognitive-behavioral function. Methods A 4-way experimental model of chronic alcohol and CS exposures was generated using 4-week-old male and female Long Evans rats that were pair-fed with Lieber-deCarli isocaloric liquid diets containing 0% or 24% ethanol for 9 weeks. Half of the rats in the control and ethanol groups were exposed to CS for 4 hours/day and 4 days/week for 9 weeks. All rats were subjected to Morris Water Maze, Open Field, and Novel Object Recognition testing in the last experimental week. Results Chronic alcohol exposure impaired spatial learning as shown by significantly increased latency to locate the platform, and it caused anxiety-like behavior marked by the significantly reduced percentage of entries to the center of the arena. Chronic CS exposure impaired recognition memory as suggested by significantly less time spent at the novel object. Combined exposures to alcohol and CS did not show any significant additive or interactive effect on cognitive-behavioral function. Conclusion Chronic alcohol exposure was the main driver of spatial learning, while the effect of secondhand CS exposure was not robust. Future studies need to mimic direct CS exposure effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine B Yalcin
- Division of Research, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.,Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Büşra Nur Delikkaya
- Division of Research, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.,Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - William Pelit
- Chemical Biology and English, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ming Tong
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Suzanne M De La Monte
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Departments of Medicine, Neurology, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sharon Rounds
- Division of Research, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
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Antioxidant Systems, lncRNAs, and Tunneling Nanotubes in Cell Death Rescue from Cigarette Smoke Exposure. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152277. [PMID: 35892574 PMCID: PMC9330437 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a rich source of carcinogens and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage macromolecules including DNA. Repair systems can restore DNA integrity. Depending on the duration or intensity of stress signals, cells may utilize various survival and adaptive mechanisms. ROS levels are kept in check through redundant detoxification processes controlled largely by antioxidant systems. This review covers and expands on the mechanisms available to cigarette smoke-exposed cancer cells for restoring the redox balance. These include multiple layers of transcriptional control, each of which is posited to be activated upon reaching a particular stress threshold, among them the NRF2 pathway, the AP-1 and NF-kB pathways, and, finally, TP53, which triggers apoptosis if extreme toxicity is reached. The review also discusses long noncoding RNAs, which have been implicated recently in regulating oxidative stress—with roles in ROS detoxification, the inflammatory response, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Lastly, the emerging roles of tunneling nanotubes in providing additional mechanisms for metabolic rescue and the regulation of redox imbalance are considered, further highlighting the expanded redox reset arsenal available to cells.
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Yamamura K, Nojiri M, Nishiki K, Kato R, Shinomiya S, Takahara Y, Oikawa T, Ishizaki T, Toga H, Mizuno S. Serum Derivatives of Reactive Oxygen Metabolites are Associated with Severity of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Affected by a p53 Gene Polymorphism. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:1589-1600. [PMID: 35854898 PMCID: PMC9289177 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s366792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oxidative stress is known to activate tumor suppressor p53, which inhibits cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis. Levels of p53 in lung tissues from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are increased compared with levels in nonsmokers or smokers without emphysema. A polymorphism in p53 codon 72 (rs1042522) is associated with emphysematous changes in patients with COPD. However, whether oxidative stress in the serum is associated with the p53 polymorphism and disease severity in COPD patients is unclear. Patients and Methods A total of 251 patients with a history of smoking more than 10 pack-years were enrolled in this study, and serum levels of derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs), biological antioxidant potential (BAP), and d-ROMs/BAP ratio (oxidative stress index; OSI) were measured. The percent low-attenuation area (LAA%) and cross-sectional area of the erector spinae muscles (ESMCSA) at the Th12 level were calculated from chest high-resolution computed tomography images. p53 codon 72 C/G genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results In patients carrying the p53 GG genotype, LAA% was significantly higher than in those carrying the CC genotype. d-ROM levels and OSI were associated with COPD severity and correlated with airflow limitation and markers of muscle atrophy (ESMCSA and creatinine/cystatin C ratio). Associations between markers of oxidative stress and COPD severity were observed primarily in patients carrying the p53 codon 72 GG genotype. Conclusion Susceptibility to pulmonary emphysema and responses to oxidative stress may be affected by the p53 gene polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yamamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nojiri
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nishiki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shohei Shinomiya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takahara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Taku Oikawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishizaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Toga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shiro Mizuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Dietary and Antioxidant Vitamins Limit the DNA Damage Mediated by Oxidative Stress in the Mother-Newborn Binomial. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12071012. [PMID: 35888100 PMCID: PMC9323630 DOI: 10.3390/life12071012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, appropriate nutritional support is necessary for the development of the foetus. Maternal nutrition might protect the foetus from toxic agents such as free radicals due to its antioxidant content. In this study, 90 mothers and their children were recruited. DNA damage mediated by oxidative stress (OS) was determined by the levels of 8-hidroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the plasma of women and umbilical cord blood. The mothers and newborns were categorised into tertiles according to their 8-OHdG levels for further comparison. No relevant clinical differences were observed in each group. A strong correlation was observed in the mother−newborn binomial for 8-OHdG levels (Rho = 0.694, p < 0.001). In the binomial, a lower level of 8-OHdG was associated with higher consumption of calories, carbohydrates, lipids, and vitamin A (p < 0.05). In addition, the levels of 8-OHdG were only significantly lower in newborns from mothers with a higher consumption of vitamin A and E (p < 0.01). These findings were confirmed by a significant negative correlation between the 8-OHdG levels of newborns and the maternal consumption of vitamins A and E, but not C (Rho = −0.445 (p < 0.001), −0.281 (p = 0.007), and −0.120 (p = 0.257), respectively). Multiple regression analysis showed that the 8-OHdG levels in mothers and newborns inversely correlated with vitamin A (β = −1.26 (p = 0.016) and −2.17 (p < 0.001), respectively) and pregestational body mass index (β = −1.04 (p = 0.007) and −0.977 (p = 0.008), respectively). In conclusion, maternal consumption of vitamins A and E, but not C, might protect newborns from DNA damage mediated by OS.
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Singh V, Singh R, Kushwaha R, Verma SP, Tripathi AK, Mahdi AA. The Molecular Role of HIF1α Is Elucidated in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2022; 12:912942. [PMID: 35847841 PMCID: PMC9279726 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.912942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is potentially fatal blood cancer, but there is an unmet need to discover novel molecular biomarkers. The hypothesis of this study aimed to elucidate the relationship of HIF1α with the redox system, Krebs cycles, notch1, and other regulatory proteins to better understand the pathophysiology and clinical relevance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, as the molecular mechanism of this axis is still not clear. This study included CML patient samples (n = 60; 60: blood; 10: bone marrow tissues) and compared them with healthy controls (n = 20; blood). Clinical diagnosis confirmed on bone marrow aspiration, marrow trephine biopsy, and BCR/ABL1 translocation. Cases were subclassified into chronic, accelerated, and blast crises as per WHO guidelines. Molecular experiments included redox parameters, DNA fragmentation, Krebs cycle metabolites, and gene expression by RT-PCR/Western blot/LC-MS, PPI (STRING), Pearson correlation, and ROC curve analysis. Here, our findings show that p210/p190BCR/ABL1 translocation is common in all blast crisis phases of CML. Redox factor/Krebs oncometabolite concentrations were high, leading to upregulation and stabilization of HIF1α. HIF1α leads to the pathogenesis in CML cells by upregulating their downstream genes (Notch 2/4/Ikaros/SIRT1/Foxo-3a/p53, etc.). Whereas, downregulated ubiquitin proteasomal and apoptotic factors in CML pateints, can trigger degradation of HIF1α through proline hydroxylation. However, HIF1α showed a negative corelation with the notch1 pathway. Notch1 plays a tumor-suppressive role in CML and might have the potential to be used as a diagnostic marker along with other factors in CML patients. The outcome also revealed that oxidant treatment could not be effective in augmentation with conventional therapy because CML cells can enhance the levels of antioxidants for their survival. HIF1α might be a novel therapeutic target other than BCR/ABL1 translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ranjana Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
- *Correspondence: Ranjana Singh, ;
| | - Rashmi Kushwaha
- Department of Pathology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Anil Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Clinical Hematology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
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Madhu NR, Sarkar B, Slama P, Jha NK, Ghorai SK, Jana SK, Govindasamy K, Massanyi P, Lukac N, Kumar D, Kalita JC, Kesari KK, Roychoudhury S. Effect of Environmental Stressors, Xenobiotics, and Oxidative Stress on Male Reproductive and Sexual Health. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1391:33-58. [PMID: 36472815 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12966-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article examines the environmental factor-induced oxidative stress (OS) and their effects on male reproductive and sexual health. There are several factors that induce OS, i.e. radition, metal contamination, xenobiotic compounds, and cigarette smoke and lead to cause toxicity in the cells through metabolic or bioenergetic processes. These environmental factors may produce free radicals and enhance the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Free radicals are molecules that include oxygen and disbalance the amount of electrons that can create major chemical chains in the body and cause oxidation. Oxidative damage to cells may impair male fertility and lead to abnormal embryonic development. Moreover, it does not only cause a vast number of health issues such as ageing, cancer, atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and neurodegenerative disorders but also decreases the motility of spermatozoa while increasing sperm DNA damage, impairing sperm mitochondrial membrane lipids and protein kinases. This chapter mainly focuses on the environmental stressors with further discussion on the mechanisms causing congenital impairments due to poor sexual health and transmitting altered signal transduction pathways in male gonadal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithar Ranjan Madhu
- Department of Zoology, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhanumati Sarkar
- Department of Botany, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | | | - Sandip Kumar Jana
- Department of Zoology, Bajkul Milani Mahavidyalaya, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India
| | - Kadirvel Govindasamy
- Animal Production Division, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Peter Massanyi
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Norbert Lukac
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Dhruv Kumar
- School of Health Sciences & Technology, UPES University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jogen C Kalita
- Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
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Mizumura K, Gon Y. Iron-Regulated Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Programmed Cell Death in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101569. [PMID: 34679704 PMCID: PMC8533398 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. However, the pathogenesis of COPD remains unclear. Currently, it is known to involve the loss of alveolar surface area (emphysema) and airway inflammation (bronchitis), primarily due to exposure to cigarette smoke (CS). CS causes epithelial cell death, resulting in pulmonary emphysema. Moreover, CS induces iron accumulation in the mitochondria and cytosol, resulting in programmed cell death. Although apoptosis has long been investigated as the sole form of programmed cell death in COPD, accumulating evidence indicates that a regulated form of necrosis, called necroptosis, and a unique iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death, called ferroptosis, is implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD. Iron metabolism plays a key role in producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), including mitochondrial ROS and lipid peroxidation end-products, and activating both necroptosis and ferroptosis. This review outlines recent studies exploring CS-mediated iron metabolism and ROS production, along with the regulation of programmed cell death in COPD. Elucidating the mechanisms of these pathways may provide novel therapeutic targets for COPD.
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12
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Taniguchi A, Tsuge M, Miyahara N, Tsukahara H. Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidative Defense in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101537. [PMID: 34679673 PMCID: PMC8533053 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The respiratory system is continuously exposed to endogenous and exogenous oxidants. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways, leading to the destruction of lung parenchyma (emphysema) and declining pulmonary function. It is increasingly obvious that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) contribute to the progression and amplification of the inflammatory responses related to this disease. First, we described the association between cigarette smoking, the most representative exogenous oxidant, and COPD and then presented the multiple pathophysiological aspects of ROS and antioxidative defense systems in the development and progression of COPD. Second, the relationship between nitric oxide system (endothelial) dysfunction and oxidative stress has been discussed. Third, we have provided data on the use of these biomarkers in the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in COPD and its progression and presented an overview of oxidative stress biomarkers having clinical applications in respiratory medicine, including those in exhaled breath, as per recent observations. Finally, we explained the findings of recent clinical and experimental studies evaluating the efficacy of antioxidative interventions for COPD. Future breakthroughs in antioxidative therapy may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Taniguchi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Mitsuru Tsuge
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Nobuaki Miyahara
- Department of Medical Technology, Okayama University Academic Field of Health Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Hirokazu Tsukahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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13
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Jung HJ, Ko YK, Shim WS, Kim HJ, Kim DY, Rhee CS, Park MK, Han DH. Diesel exhaust particles increase nasal symptoms and IL-17A in house dust mite-induced allergic mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16300. [PMID: 34381060 PMCID: PMC8357916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), traffic-related air pollutants, are considered environmental factors adversely affecting allergic diseases. However, the immunological basis for the adjuvant effects of DEP in allergic rhinitis (AR) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of DEP exposure on AR using a mouse model. BALB/c mice sensitized to house dust mite (HDM) were intranasally challenged with HDM in the presence and absence of DEP. Allergic symptom scores, serum total and HDM-specific immunoglobulins (Igs), eosinophil infiltration in the nasal mucosa, cytological profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and cytokine levels in the nasal mucosa and spleen cell culture were analyzed. Mice co-exposed to HDM and DEP showed increased allergic symptom scores compared with mice exposed to HDM alone. Reduced total IgE and HDM-specific IgE and IgG1 levels, decreased eosinophil infiltration in the nasal mucosa, and increased proportion of neutrophils in BALF were found in mice co-exposed to HDM and DEP. Interleukin (IL)-17A level was found to be increased in the nasal mucosa of the co-exposure group compared with that in the HDM-exposed group. The levels of IL-4, IL-13, interferon-γ, IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP expression showed no difference between the groups with and without DEP treatment. Increased expression of IL-17A in the nasal mucosa may contribute to DEP-mediated exacerbation of AR in HDM-sensitized murine AR model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hahn Jin Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young-Kyung Ko
- Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Sub Shim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Dong-Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Chae-Seo Rhee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moo Kyun Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Doo Hee Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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14
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Sun YW, Chen KM, Atkins H, Aliaga C, Gordon T, Guttenplan JB, El-Bayoumy K. Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosols with Varying Levels of Nicotine on Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mice. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1161-1168. [PMID: 33761748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To provide insights into the cause of e-cigarette (e-cig) associated lung injury, we examined the effects of propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (G), two common solvent carriers used to deliver nicotine/flavor, on markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in female B6C3F1 mice which had been used successfully in tobacco smoke (TS)-induced lung carcinogenesis. Mice exposed to air and TS were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Using LC-MS/MS, we showed that PG/G alone, in the absence of nicotine, significantly increased the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG or its tautomer 8-oxodG), a biomarker of DNA oxidative damage, in lung and plasma of mice; moreover, addition of nicotine (12 and 24 mg/mL) in e-cig liquid appears to suppress the levels of 8-oxodG. Exposure to e-cig aerosols or TS induced nonsignificant increases of plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of inflammation; nonetheless, the levels of fibronectin (FN), a biomarker of tissue injury, were significantly increased by e-cig aerosols or TS. Although preliminary, our data showed that exposure to e-cig aerosols induced a higher score of lung injury than did control air or TS exposure. Our results indicate that the B6C3F1 mouse model may be suitable for an in-depth examination of the impact of e-cig on lung injury associated with oxidative stress and inflammation and this study adds to the growing evidence that the use of e-cig can lead to lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Joseph B Guttenplan
- Department of Basic Science, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010, United States
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15
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Kadam S, Vandana M, Patwardhan S, Kaushik KS. Looking beyond the smokescreen: can the oral microbiome be a tool or target in the management of tobacco-associated oral cancer? Ecancermedicalscience 2021; 15:1179. [PMID: 33777172 PMCID: PMC7987485 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2021.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of microbes inhabit the oral cavity, and bacterial and fungal communities most often exist as structured communities or biofilms. The use of tobacco alters the structure of the oral microbiome, including that of potentially malignant lesions, and the altered oral microbiome influences key microenvironmental changes such as chronic inflammation, secretion of carcinogenic toxins, cellular and tissue remodelling and suppression of apoptosis. Given this, it is clear that the bacterial and fungal biofilms in potentially malignant states are likely not passive entities, but could play a critical role in shaping potential malignant and carcinogenic conditions. This holds potential towards leveraging the oral microbiome for the management of tobacco-associated potentially malignant lesions and oral cancer. Here, we explore this line of investigation by reviewing the effects of tobacco in shaping the oral microbiome, and analyse the available evidence in the light of the microbiome of oral potentially malignant and cancerous lesions, and the role of dysbiosis in carcinogenesis. Finally, we discuss possible interventions and approaches using which the oral microbiome could be leveraged towards precision-based oral cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Kadam
- Human-Relevant Infection Biology Group, Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Madhusoodhanan Vandana
- Human-Relevant Infection Biology Group, Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Sudhanshu Patwardhan
- Centre for Health Research and Education, University of Southampton Science Park, Chilworth, Hampshire SO16 7NP, UK
| | - Karishma S Kaushik
- Human-Relevant Infection Biology Group, Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
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16
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Caliri AW, Tommasi S, Besaratinia A. Relationships among smoking, oxidative stress, inflammation, macromolecular damage, and cancer. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 787:108365. [PMID: 34083039 PMCID: PMC8287787 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is a major risk factor for a variety of diseases, including cancer and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Tobacco smoke contains a mixture of chemicals, including a host of reactive oxygen- and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), among others, that can damage cellular and sub-cellular targets, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. A growing body of evidence supports a key role for smoking-induced ROS and the resulting oxidative stress in inflammation and carcinogenesis. This comprehensive and up-to-date review covers four interrelated topics, including 'smoking', 'oxidative stress', 'inflammation', and 'cancer'. The review discusses each of the four topics, while exploring the intersections among the topics by highlighting the macromolecular damage attributable to ROS. Specifically, oxidative damage to macromolecular targets, such as lipid peroxidation, post-translational modification of proteins, and DNA adduction, as well as enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms, and the multi-faceted repair pathways of oxidized lesions are described. Also discussed are the biological consequences of oxidative damage to macromolecules if they evade the defense mechanisms and/or are not repaired properly or in time. Emphasis is placed on the genetic- and epigenetic alterations that may lead to transcriptional deregulation of functionally-important genes and disruption of regulatory elements. Smoking-associated oxidative stress also activates the inflammatory response pathway, which triggers a cascade of events of which ROS production is an initial yet indispensable step. The release of ROS at the site of damage and inflammation helps combat foreign pathogens and restores the injured tissue, while simultaneously increasing the burden of oxidative stress. This creates a vicious cycle in which smoking-related oxidative stress causes inflammation, which in turn, results in further generation of ROS, and potentially increased oxidative damage to macromolecular targets that may lead to cancer initiation and/or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Caliri
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, M/C 9603, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Stella Tommasi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, M/C 9603, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ahmad Besaratinia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, M/C 9603, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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17
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Soyama T, Masutani H, Lumi Hirata C, Iwai-Kanai E, Inamoto T. Thioredoxin as a novel sensitive marker of biological stress response in smoking. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 67:228-231. [PMID: 33293762 PMCID: PMC7705090 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin is a low molecular weight (approximately 12 kDa) redox protein, and protects against harmful stimuli such as oxidative stress. Smoking evokes oxidative stress, among other biological responses. The clinical relevance of thioredoxin in smoking has not been fully investigated. Here, we examined the effects of smoking on serum and urinary thioredoxin levels, in comparison with various stress markers. Serum thioredoxin levels in the smoking group (10 subjects) were significantly higher than those of the non-smoking group (5 subjects). After smoking, serum thioredoxin levels significantly decreased, while urinary levels significantly increased. On the other hand, the levels of serum and salivary cortisol, plasma norepinephrine, salivary amylase, salivary thioredoxin, and urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels before and after smoking were not significantly different. These results suggest that a decrease in thioredoxin in the serum and the concomitant increase in the urine is a novel sensitive marker of biological stress responses induced by smoking. The change seems to be evoked by mechanisms different from hormonal or 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine-forming stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Soyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Care, Tenri Health Care University, 80-1, Bessho-cho, Tenri, Nara 632-0018, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masutani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Care, Tenri Health Care University, 80-1, Bessho-cho, Tenri, Nara 632-0018, Japan.,Health Care Education and Research Center, Faculty of Health Care, Tenri Health Care University, 80-1, Bessho-cho, Tenri, Nara 632-0018, Japan
| | - Cristiane Lumi Hirata
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Care, Tenri Health Care University, 80-1, Bessho-cho, Tenri, Nara 632-0018, Japan
| | - Eri Iwai-Kanai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Care, Tenri Health Care University, 80-1, Bessho-cho, Tenri, Nara 632-0018, Japan.,Health Care Education and Research Center, Faculty of Health Care, Tenri Health Care University, 80-1, Bessho-cho, Tenri, Nara 632-0018, Japan
| | - Takashi Inamoto
- Health Care Education and Research Center, Faculty of Health Care, Tenri Health Care University, 80-1, Bessho-cho, Tenri, Nara 632-0018, Japan
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18
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Maiti A, Saha N, Shukla A, Sarkar S, Sil AK. Cigarette smoke affects ESCRT-mediated vacuolar activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Toxicol Lett 2020; 338:97-104. [PMID: 33309995 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and protein aggresome formation is considered to be a hallmark event for the disease. Since dysfunction of lysosome-mediated protein degradation leads to enhanced accumulation of misfolded proteins and subsequent aggresome formation, we examined the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on ESCRT-mediated sorting in S. cerevisiae as this process is necessary for the functioning of the vacuole, the lysosomal equivalent in yeast. An operational ESCRT pathway is essential for ion homeostasis and our observation that exposure to CSE caused increased sensitivity to LiCl indicated CSE-induced impairment of ESCRT function. To confirm the inhibition of ESCRT function, the targeting of carboxypeptidase S (CPS), which reaches the vacuole lumen via the ESCRT pathway, was examined. Treatment with CSE resulted in the mislocalization of GFP-tagged CPS to the vacuolar membrane, instead of the vacuolar lumen, confirming defective functioning of the ESCRT machinery in CSE-treated cells. Further analysis revealed that CSE-treatment inhibited the recruitment of the ESCRT-0 component, Vps27, to the endosome surface, which is a key event is for the functioning of the ESCRT pathway. This lack of endosomal recruitment of Vps27 most likely results from a depletion of the endosomally-enriched lipid, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3-P), which is the target of Vps27. This is supported by our observation that the presence of excess leucine, a known activator of the lipid kinase responsible for the generation of PI3-P, Vps34, in the medium can rescue the CSE-induced ESCRT misfunctioning. Thus, the current study provides an insight into CSE-induced aggresome formation as it documents that CSE treatment compromises vacuolar degradation due to an impairment of the ESCRT pathway, which likely stems from the inhibition of Vps34. It also indicates that leucine has the potential to attenuate the CSE-induced accumulation of misfolded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Maiti
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35 B.C Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
| | - Nabanita Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme, VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India.
| | - Aditya Shukla
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35 B.C Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
| | - Srimonti Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme, VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India.
| | - Alok Kumar Sil
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35 B.C Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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19
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Almutairi M, Rouabhia M, Sahab Almutairi M, Al-Zahrani M, Al-Numair NS, Mohammad Alhadeq A, Reddy Parine N, Semlali A. Correlation between genetic variation in thymine DNA glycosylase and smoking behavior. Gene 2020; 766:145092. [PMID: 32916247 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major lifestyle factor leading to different human diseases. The DNA repair gene, thymine DNA glycosylase, is important to cell survival because it stops cells from becoming cancerous protecting/preventing DNA. Exposure to CS may induce genetic changes such as single nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA repair genes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the genotype and allele distributions of four TDG SNPs with only smoking behavior in normal patients. Four TDG SNPs-rs4135066 (C/T), rs3751209 (A/G), rs1866074 (C/T), and rs1882018 (C/T) were analyzed by genotyping 235 and 239 blood samples collected from cigarette smokers and non-smokers, among the Saudi population. The results showed that TDG rs4135066 has a significant susceptibility effect observed in long-term smokers (>5 years; OR = 4.53; P = 0.0347) but not in short-term smokers (≤5 years) in contrast with non-smokers. Also, in smokers aged less than 29 years, the "CT," "TT," and "CT + TT" alleles of rs1882018 increased the risk of developing all diseases related to smoking by approximately 6, 4, and 5 times, respectively, in contrast with the ancestral "CC" homozygous allele. A comparison of the allele distributions of TDG SNPs in a Saudi population with those in other populations represented in the HapMap project showed that the genetic makeup of the Saudi Arabian population appears to differ from that of other ethnicities. Exceptions include the Yoruba people in Ibadan, Nigeria; those of Mexican ancestry in Los Angeles, California; the Luhya population in Webuye, Kenya; Gujarati Indians in Houston, Texas; and the Tuscan population in Italy, which showed similar allelic frequencies for rs3751209 compared to our Saudi population. In this ethnic, we have found a high variation in the distribution of the alleles and genotype frequencies on TDG gene. This variation on TDG SNP's with smoking could lead to increase the susceptibility to many diseases related to smoking habits in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhlid Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Rouabhia
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Mohammed Al-Zahrani
- Al Imam Mohammad IBN Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), College of Science, Biology Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf S Al-Numair
- Department of Genetics, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Narasimha Reddy Parine
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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20
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Neal SE, Buehne KL, Besley NA, Yang P, Silinski P, Hong J, Ryde IT, Meyer JN, Jaffe GJ. Resveratrol Protects Against Hydroquinone-Induced Oxidative Threat in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:32. [PMID: 32334435 PMCID: PMC7401947 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.4.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Resveratrol exerts a range of protective biologic effects, but its mechanism(s) are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate how resveratrol could affect biologic pathways in oxidatively stressed RPE cells. Methods Cultured human RPE cells were treated with hydroquinone (HQ) in the presence or absence of resveratrol. Cell viability was determined with WST-1 reagent and trypan blue exclusion. Mitochondrial function was measured with the XFe24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit was evaluated by qPCR. Endoplasmic reticulum stress protein expression was measured by Western blot. Potential reactions between HQ and resveratrol were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry with resveratrol and additional oxidants for comparison. Results RPE cells treated with the combination of resveratrol and HQ had significantly increased cell viability and improved mitochondrial function when compared with HQ-treated cells alone. Resveratrol in combination with HQ significantly upregulated HO-1 mRNA expression above that of HQ-treated cells alone. Resveratrol in combination with HQ upregulated C/EBP homologous protein and spliced X-box binding protein 1. Additionally, new compounds were formed from resveratrol and HQ coincubation. Conclusions Resveratrol can ameliorate HQ-induced toxicity in RPE cells through improved mitochondrial bioenergetics, upregulated antioxidant genes, stimulated unfolded protein response, and direct oxidant interaction. This study provides insight into pathways through which resveratrol can protect RPE cells from oxidative damage, a factor thought to contribute to AMD pathogenesis.
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21
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Cirillo S, Urena JF, Lambert JD, Vivarelli F, Canistro D, Paolini M, Cardenia V, Rodriguez-Estrada MT, Richie JP, Elias RJ. Impact of electronic cigarette heating coil resistance on the production of reactive carbonyls, reactive oxygen species and induction of cytotoxicity in human lung cancer cells in vitro. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 109:104500. [PMID: 31629780 PMCID: PMC6897375 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette; e-cig) use has grown exponentially in recent years despite their unknown health effects. E-cig aerosols are now known to contain hazardous chemical compounds, including carbonyls and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and these compounds are directly inhaled by consumers during e-cig use. Both carbonyls and ROS are formed when the liquid comes into contact with a heating element that is housed within an e-cig's atomizer. In the present study, the effect of coil resistance (1.5 Ω and 0.25 Ω coils, to obtain a total wattage of 8 ± 2 W and 40 ± 5 W, respectively) on the generation of carbonyls (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein) and ROS was investigated. The effect of the aerosols generated by different coils on the viability of H1299 human lung carcinoma cells was also evaluated. Our results show a significant (p < 0.05) correlation between the low resistance coils and the generation of higher concentrations of the selected carbonyls and ROS in e-cig aerosols. Moreover, exposure to e-cig vapor reduced the viability of H1299 cells by up to 45.8%, and this effect was inversely related to coil resistance. Although further studies are needed to better elucidate the potential toxicity of e-cig emissions, our results suggest that these devices may expose users to hazardous compounds which, in turn, may promote chronic respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Jose F Urena
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Agricultural Sciences, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Joshua D Lambert
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Agricultural Sciences, University Park, PA, USA; Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Fabio Vivarelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Donatella Canistro
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Moreno Paolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Vladimiro Cardenia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Rodriguez-Estrada
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Italy
| | - John P Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ryan J Elias
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Agricultural Sciences, University Park, PA, USA.
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Khojah HMJ, Ahmed SA. Comparative assessment of individual RONS in serum of smokers compared with non-smokers and their correlation with the lipid profile and antioxidant status. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:6223-6234. [PMID: 31640448 PMCID: PMC7045672 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519882563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cigarette smoking generates free radicals, such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) that contribute to many diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of individual RONS in serum from smokers and non-smokers, and to examine their impact on lipid profiles and the endogenous antioxidant status, which is represented by vitamins C and E. Methods Ninety-four healthy Egyptian volunteers (48 smokers and 46 non-smokers) were enrolled. Blood samples were collected and analysed for common haematological tests, lipid profiles, and serum antioxidants. Six reactive oxygen species and three reactive nitrogen species were measured. Results A significant increase in radical levels was observed, as well as significant increases in haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit, platelet count, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in smokers compared with non-smokers. In contrast, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly reduced in smokers compared with non-smokers. A moderate negative correlation was found between serum levels of vitamins C and E and O2–•, HO•, H2O2, NO•, and ONO•, reflecting a negative impact of elevated RONS levels on the endogenous antioxidant status. Conclusion These results may increase our understanding of the pathological role of smoking in several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani MJ Khojah
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameh A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Miglani K, Kumar S, Yadav A, Aggarwal N, Ahmad I, Gupta R. A multibiomarker approach to evaluate the effect of polyaromatic hydrocarbon exposure on oxidative and genotoxic damage in tandoor workers. Toxicol Ind Health 2019; 35:486-496. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233719862728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a cohort study of tandoor workers to evaluate the relationship between the biomarkers of oxidative and genotoxic damage and exposure to polyaromatic hydrocarbons. A series of oxidative and genotoxic damage biomarkers, including urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and tail moment (TM) by comet assay, was studied. A total of 76 tandoor workers and 79 demographically matched healthy individuals as controls were included. Our results showed that the tandoor workers had significantly higher urinary levels of 1-hydroxypyrene, urinary 8-OHdG, MDA content, and TM compared with the control population. The concentration of all these biomarkers increased with age in the control population as well as tandoor workers. In tandoor workers, significant variation in MDA, 8-oxodG (8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine) and TM concentration was detected between smokers (5.08 ± 1.72 nmol/mL, 16.01 ± 4.94 ng/mg creatinine, and 5.87 ± 0.98 µm, respectively) and nonsmokers (3.84 ± 0.98 nmol/mL, 13.74 ± 3.60 ng/mg creatinine, and 5.32 ± 0.69 µm, respectively). A similar pattern was obtained for the control population. We did not obtain significant variations for alcoholics and tobacco chewers. A significant increase in all these three biomarkers was observed with the increase in the period of work exposure in tandoor workers. Multivariate regression analysis also revealed that urinary 8-oxodG, MDA, and TM were statistically significantly related to age and period of work exposure. Overall, the present study showed that the exposure to wood smoke in tandoor workers under occupational conditions led to increased DNA damage because of oxidative stress and genotoxicity. These biomarkers, therefore, are good indices to assess oxidative DNA damage in these workers exposed to occupational genotoxicants. It is also necessary to make preventive changes in work conditions and lifestyle, which will help these occupational workers to lead a healthy life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Miglani
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Deprtment of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Anita Yadav
- Deprtment of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Neeraj Aggarwal
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Imteyaz Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Ranjan Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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Sato S, Nakamura M, Shimizu Y, Goto T, Koike T, Ishikawa H, Tsuchida M. The impact of emphysema on surgical outcomes of early-stage lung cancer: a retrospective study. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19:73. [PMID: 30947705 PMCID: PMC6449985 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-019-0839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of emphysema on computed tomography (CT) is associated with an increased frequency of lung cancer, but the postoperative outcomes of patients with pulmonary emphysema are not well known. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the extent of emphysema and long-term outcomes, as well as mortality and postoperative complications, in early-stage lung cancer patients after pulmonary resection. METHODS The clinical records of 566 consecutive lung cancer patients who underwent pulmonary resection in our department were retrospectively reviewed. Among these, the data sets of 364 pathological stage I patients were available. The associations between the extent of lung emphysema and long-term outcomes and postoperative complications were investigated. Emphysema was assessed on the basis of semiquantitative CT. Surgery-related complications of Grade ≥ II according to the Clavien-Dindo classification were included in this study. RESULTS Emphysema was present in 63 patients. The overall survival and relapse-free survival of the non-emphysema and emphysema groups at 5 years were 89.0 and 61.3% (P < 0.001), respectively, and 81.0 and 51.7%, respectively (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, significant prognostic factors were emphysema, higher smoking index, and higher histologic grade (p < 0.05). Significant risk factors for poor recurrence-free survival were emphysema, higher smoking index, higher histologic grade, and presence of pleural invasion (P < 0.05). Regarding Grade ≥ II postoperative complications, pneumonia and supraventricular tachycardia were more frequent in the emphysema group than in the non-emphysema group (P = 0.003 and P = 0.021, respectively). CONCLUSION The presence of emphysema affects the long-term outcomes and the development of postoperative complications in early-stage lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seijiro Sato
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Shimizu
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Goto
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Terumoto Koike
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishikawa
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masanori Tsuchida
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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Hernández-Ruiz Á, García-Villanova B, Guerra-Hernández E, Amiano P, Ruiz-Canela M, Molina-Montes E. A Review of A Priori Defined Oxidative Balance Scores Relative to Their Components and Impact on Health Outcomes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040774. [PMID: 30987200 PMCID: PMC6520884 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative Balance Scores (OBSs) are tools that have emerged to evaluate the global balance of individuals’ oxidation—reduction status. The aim was to compare OBSs available in the literature regarding their characteristics and associations with chronic diseases in epidemiological studies. Studies that developed OBSs were searched in PubMed until August 2018. A total of 21 OBSs were identified. These OBSs presented different scoring schemes and different types of anti- and pro-oxidant components, including dietary factors (dietary intake and/or nutrient biomarkers), lifestyle factors, and medications. Most OBSs were based on over 10 components, and some included only dietary factors. Few considered weighted components in the score. Only three OBSs were validated as potential surrogates of oxidative balance through inflammation and OS-related biomarkers. Notably, all the OBSs were associated—to a varying degree—with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, colorectal adenomas, and different cancer types (colorectal and breast cancer), as well as with all-cause and cancer-related mortality. For other outcomes, e.g., prostate cancer, contradictory results were reported. In summary, there is a great heterogeneity in the definition of OBSs. Most studies are concordant in supporting that excessive OS reflected by a lower OBS has deleterious effects on health. Unified criteria for defining the proper OBSs, valuable to gauge OS-related aspects of the diet and lifestyle that may lead to adverse health outcomes, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Hernández-Ruiz
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Nutrition and Food Science Doctorate Program (RD 99/2011), University of Granada, 18002 Granada, Spain.
| | - Belén García-Villanova
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Guerra-Hernández
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Biodonostia Research Institute, Health Department, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain.
- Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Esther Molina-Montes
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Oncología, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Almutairi M, Mohammad Alhadeq A, Almeer R, Almutairi M, Alzahrani M, Semlali A. Effect of the thymine-DNA glycosylase rs4135050 variant on Saudi smoker population. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00590. [PMID: 30779328 PMCID: PMC6465727 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thymine‐DNA glycosylase (TDG) is an essential DNA‐repair enzyme which works in both epigenetic regulation and genome maintenance. It is also responsible for efficient correction of multiple endogenous DNA lesions which occur commonly in mammalian genomes. Research of genetic variants such as SNPs, resulting in disease, is predicted to yield clinical advancements through the identification of sensitive genetic markers and the development of disease prevention and therapy. To that end, the main objective of the present study is to identify the possible interactions between cigarette smoking and the rs4135050 variant of the TDG gene, situated in the intron position, among Saudi individuals. Methods TDG rs4135050 (A/T) was investigated by genotyping 239, and 235 blood specimens were obtained from nonsmokers and smokers of cigarette respectively. Results T allele frequency was found which showed a significant protective effect on Saudi male smokers (OR = 0.64, p = 0.0187) compared to nonsmoking subjects, but not in female smokers. Furthermore, smokers aged less than 29 years, the AT and AT+TT genotypes decreased more than four times the risk of initiation of smoking related‐diseases compare to the ancestral AA homozygous genotype. Paradoxically, the AT (OR = 3.88, p = 0.0169) and AT+TT (OR = 2.86, p = 0.0420) genotypes were present at a higher frequency in smoking patients aged more than 29 years as compared to nonsmokers at the same ages. Conclusion Depending on the gender and age of patients, TDG rs4135050 may provide a novel biomarker for the early diagnosis and prevention of several diseases caused by cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhlid Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rafa Almeer
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alzahrani
- Biology Department, College of Science, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh
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Abstract
Numerous health benefits are attributed to the n-3 long-chain PUFA (n-3 LCPUFA); EPA and DHA. A systematic literature review was conducted to investigate factors, other than diet, that are associated with the n-3 LCPUFA levels. The inclusion criteria were papers written in English, carried out in adult non-pregnant humans, n-3 LCPUFA measured in blood or tissue, data from cross-sectional studies, or baseline data from intervention studies. The search revealed 5076 unique articles of which seventy were included in the qualitative synthesis. Three main groups of factors potentially associated with n-3 LCPUFA levels were identified: (1) unmodifiable factors (sex, genetics, age), (2) modifiable factors (body size, physical activity, alcohol, smoking) and (3) bioavailability factors (chemically bound form of supplements, krill oil v. fish oil, and conversion of plant-derived α-linolenic acid (ALA) to n-3 LCPUFA). Results showed that factors positively associated with n-3 LCPUFA levels were age, female sex (women younger than 50 years), wine consumption and the TAG form. Factors negatively associated with n-3 LCPUFA levels were genetics, BMI (if erythrocyte EPA and DHA levels are <5·6 %) and smoking. The evidence for girth, physical activity and krill oil v. fish oil associated with n-3 LCPUFA levels is inconclusive. There is also evidence that higher ALA consumption leads to increased levels of EPA but not DHA. In conclusion, sex, age, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking and the form of n-3 LCPUFA are all factors that need to be taken into account in n-3 LCPUFA research.
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Chen RJ, Guo XY, Cheng BH, Gong YQ, Ying BY, Lin MX. Saikosaponin a Inhibits Cigarette Smoke-Induced Oxidant Stress and Inflammatory Responses by Activation of Nrf2. Inflammation 2018; 41:1297-1303. [PMID: 29654431 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Saikosaponin a (SSa), a triterpenoid saponin, has numerous pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether and how SSa protected against cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung inflammation in mice. The mice were exposed to CS and SSa was administered by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection 1 h before CS treatment for 5 consecutive days. The results showed that SSa significantly inhibited CS-induced inflammatory cell infiltration, NO, TNF-α, and IL-1β production in BALF. SSa also inhibited CS-induced MPO and MDA contents in lung tissues. Furthermore, SSa significantly inhibited CS-induced NF-κB and upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1. In conclusion, these results support a therapeutic potential for SSa in CS-induced lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jie Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian-Yang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bi-Huan Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin-Yu Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng-Xiang Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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Goel R, Bitzer ZT, Reilly SM, Bhangu G, Trushin N, Elias RJ, Foulds J, Muscat J, Richie JP. Effect of Charcoal in Cigarette Filters on Free Radicals in Mainstream Smoke. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:745-751. [PMID: 29979036 PMCID: PMC6471497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The addition of charcoal in cigarette filters may be an effective means of reducing many toxicants from tobacco smoke. Free radicals are a highly reactive class of oxidants abundant in cigarette smoke, and here we evaluated the effectiveness of charcoal to reduce free radical delivery by comparing radical yields from commercially available cigarettes with charcoal-infused filters to those without and by examining the effects of incorporating charcoal into conventional cigarette filters on radical production. Commercial cigarettes containing charcoal filters produced 40% fewer gas-phase radicals than did regular cellulose acetate filter cigarettes when smoked using the International Organization of Standardization (ISO, p = 0.07) and Canadian Intense (CI, p < 0.01) smoking protocols. While mean-particulate-phase radicals were 25-27% lower in charcoal cigarettes, differences from noncharcoal products were not significant ( p = 0.06-0.22). When cellulose acetate cigarette filters were modified to incorporate different types and amounts of activated charcoal, reductions in gas-phase (>70%), but not particulate-phase, radicals were observed. The reductions in gas-phase radicals were similar for the three types of charcoal. Decreases in radical production were dose-responsive with increasing amounts of charcoal (25-300 mg) with as little as 25 mg of activated charcoal reducing gas-phase radicals by 41%. In all studies, charcoal had less of an effect on nicotine delivery, which was decreased 33% at the maximal amount of charcoal tested (300 mg). Overall, these results support the potential consideration of charcoal in cigarette filters as a means to reduce exposure to toxic free radicals from cigarettes and other combustible tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Goel
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Zachary T. Bitzer
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Samantha M. Reilly
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Gurkirat Bhangu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Neil Trushin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Ryan J. Elias
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jonathan Foulds
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Joshua Muscat
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - John P. Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
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The mechanistic role of oxidative stress in cigarette smoke-induced cardiac stem cell dysfunction and prevention by ascorbic acid. Cell Biol Toxicol 2018; 35:111-127. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-018-9437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ma E, Iso H, Yamagishi K, Ando M, Wakai K, Tamakoshi A. Dietary Antioxidant Micronutrients and All-Cause Mortality: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk. J Epidemiol 2018; 28:388-396. [PMID: 29806637 PMCID: PMC6111108 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20170023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress, the imbalance between pro- and antioxidants, has been implicated in the etiology and pathophysiology of the incidence and mortality of many diseases. We aim to investigate the relations of dietary intakes of vitamin C and E and main carotenoids with all-cause mortality in Japanese men and women. Methods The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk had 22,795 men and 35,539 women, aged 40–79 years at baseline (1988–1990), who completed a valid food frequency questionnaire and were followed up to the end of 2009. Results There were 6,179 deaths in men and 5,355 deaths in women during the median follow-up of 18.9 years for men and 19.4 years for women. Multivariate hazard ratios for the highest versus lowest quintile intakes in women were 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–0.90; P for trend < 0.0001) for vitamin C, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.78–0.93; P for trend < 0.0001) for vitamin E, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.81–0.96; P for trend = 0.0006) for β-carotene, and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.82–0.98; P for trend = 0.0002) for β-cryptoxanthin. The joint effect of any two of these highly correlated micronutrients showed significant 12–17% reductions in risk in the high-intake group compared with the low-intake group in women. These significant associations were also observed in the highest quintile intakes of vitamin C, vitamin E, and β-carotene in female non-smokers but were not observed in female smokers, male smokers, and non-smokers. Conclusions Higher dietary intakes of antioxidant vitamins may reduce the risk of all-cause mortality in middle-aged Japanese women, especially female non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enbo Ma
- Department of Clinical Trial and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Tsukuba Faculty of Medicine
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Tsukuba Faculty of Medicine
| | - Masahiko Ando
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
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Goel R, Bitzer ZT, Reilly SM, Foulds J, Muscat J, Elias RJ, Richie JP. Influence of Smoking Puff Parameters and Tobacco Varieties on Free Radicals Yields in Cigarette Mainstream Smoke. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:325-331. [PMID: 29701955 PMCID: PMC6471496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a major exogenous source of free radicals, and the resulting oxidative stress is one of the major causes of smoking-caused diseases. Yet, many of the factors that impact free radical delivery from cigarettes remain unclear. In this study, we machine-smoked cigarettes and measured the levels of gas- and particulate-phase radicals by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy using standardized smoking regimens (International Organization of Standardization (ISO) and Canadian Intense (CI)), puffing parameters, and tobacco blends. Radical delivery per cigarette was significantly greater in both gas (4-fold) and particulate (6-fold) phases when cigarettes were smoked under the CI protocol compared to the ISO protocol. Total puff volume per cigarette was the major factor with radical production being proportional to total volume, regardless of whether volume differences were achieved by changes in individual puff volume or puff frequency. Changing puff shape (bell vs sharp vs square) or puff duration (1-5 s), without changing volume, had no effect on radical yields. Tobacco variety did have a significant impact on free radical production, with gas-phase radicals highest in reconstituted > burley > oriental > bright tobacco and particulate-phase radicals highest in burley > bright > oriental > reconstituted tobacco. Our findings show that modifiable cigarette design features and measurable user smoking behaviors are key factors determining free radical exposure in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Goel
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Zachary T. Bitzer
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Samantha M. Reilly
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Jonathan Foulds
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Joshua Muscat
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Ryan J. Elias
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Bitzer ZT, Goel R, Reilly SM, Elias RJ, Silakov A, Foulds J, Muscat J, Richie JP. Effect of flavoring chemicals on free radical formation in electronic cigarette aerosols. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 120:72-79. [PMID: 29548792 PMCID: PMC5940571 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavoring chemicals, or flavorants, have been used in electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) since their inception; however, little is known about their toxicological effects. Free radicals present in e-cigarette aerosols have been shown to induce oxidative stress resulting in damage to proliferation, survival, and inflammation pathways in the cell. Aerosols generated from e-liquid solvents alone contain high levels of free radicals but few studies have looked at how these toxins are modulated by flavorants. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of different flavorants on free radical production in e-cigarette aerosols. METHODS Free radicals generated from 49 commercially available e-liquid flavors were captured and analyzed using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The flavorant composition of each e-liquid was analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS). Radical production was correlated with flavorant abundance. Ten compounds were identified and analyzed for their impact on free radical generation. RESULTS Nearly half of the flavors modulated free radical generation. Flavorants with strong correlations included β-damascone, δ-tetradecalactone, γ-decalactone, citral, dipentene, ethyl maltol, ethyl vanillin, ethyl vanillin PG acetal, linalool, and piperonal. Dipentene, ethyl maltol, citral, linalool, and piperonal promoted radical formation in a concentration-dependent manner. Ethyl vanillin inhibited the radical formation in a concentration dependent manner. Free radical production was closely linked with the capacity to oxidize biologically-relevant lipids. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that flavoring agents play an important role in either enhancing or inhibiting the production of free radicals in flavored e-cigarette aerosols. This information is important for developing regulatory strategies aimed at reducing potential harm from e-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Bitzer
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, College of Agricultural Sciences, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Reema Goel
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., Mail Code: CH69, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Samantha M Reilly
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., Mail Code: CH69, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Ryan J Elias
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, College of Agricultural Sciences, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Alexey Silakov
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, Eberley College of Science, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Foulds
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., Mail Code: CH69, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Joshua Muscat
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., Mail Code: CH69, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - John P Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., Mail Code: CH69, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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Tarnowski M, Duda-Sobczak A, Lipski J, Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz D, Wyganowska-Swiatkowska M. Tobacco smoking decreases clinical symptoms of gingivitis in patients with type 1 diabetes-a cross-sectional study. Oral Dis 2018; 24:1336-1342. [PMID: 29757485 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontal disease may develop on the background of microvascular complications of diabetes. However, some modifying factors, such as tobacco smoking, should be taken into consideration when assessing risk of development of chronic complications. The aim of the study was the clinical assessment of the periodontal status in patients with type 1 diabetes according to tobacco smoking. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 362 subjects aged 29 (IQR 22-35) years, type 1 diabetes duration 12 (8-18) years, hemoglobin A1c, HbA1c 8.0 (7.2-9.1)% were included. We used Gingival Index, Approximal Plaque Index, and Sulcus Bleeding Index to assess periodontal health. Patients were divided into two subgroups according to current cigarette smoking. RESULTS No differences in age, diabetes duration, and chronic complications were found between subgroups. A better metabolic control of diabetes expressed by lower HbA1c (p = 0.00001) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.004) was shown in nonsmokers. Smokers presented significantly lower gingival bleeding, p = 0.009. HbA1c correlated with API in study group (Rs = 0.16; p = 0.002) and in nonsmokers subgroup (Rs = 0.2;p = 0.004), however, not in smoker's subgroup. In multivariable regression analysis, smoking cigarettes (β = -0.26; p = 0.0002), hs-CRP (β = 0.15; p = 0.03) and age (β = -0.19; p = 0.007) occurred to be independent predictors of SBI after adjustment for confounding variables (R2 = 0.13; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with type 1 diabetes smoking cigarettes presented lower gingival sulcus bleeding and worse metabolic control of diabetes than nonsmoking patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Tarnowski
- Department of Dental Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Duda-Sobczak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jakub Lipski
- Department of Dental Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Korschelt K, Tahir MN, Tremel W. A Step into the Future: Applications of Nanoparticle Enzyme Mimics. Chemistry 2018; 24:9703-9713. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Korschelt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie; Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Muhammad Nawaz Tahir
- Department of Chemistry; King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals; Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wolfgang Tremel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie; Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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Bitzer ZT, Goel R, Reilly SM, Foulds J, Muscat J, Elias RJ, Richie JP. Effects of Solvent and Temperature on Free Radical Formation in Electronic Cigarette Aerosols. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 31:4-12. [PMID: 29161504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ever-evolving market of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) presents a challenge for analyzing and characterizing the harmful products they can produce. Earlier we reported that e-cigarette aerosols can deliver high levels of reactive free radicals; however, there are few data characterizing the production of these potentially harmful oxidants. Thus, we have performed a detailed analysis of the different parameters affecting the production of free radical by e-cigarettes. Using a temperature-controlled e-cigarette device and a novel mechanism for reliably simulating e-cigarette usage conditions, including coil activation and puff flow, we analyzed the effects of temperature, wattage, and e-liquid solvent composition of propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (GLY) on radical production. Free radicals in e-cigarette aerosols were spin-trapped and analyzed using electron paramagnetic resonance. Free radical production increased in a temperature-dependent manner, showing a nearly 2-fold increase between 100 and 300 °C under constant-temperature conditions. Free radical production under constant wattage showed an even greater increase when going from 10 to 50 W due, in part, to higher coil temperatures compared to constant-temperature conditions. The e-liquid PG content also heavily influenced free radical production, showing a nearly 3-fold increase upon comparison of ratios of 0:100 (PG:GLY) and 100:0 (PG:GLY). Increases in PG content were also associated with increases in aerosol-induced oxidation of biologically relevant lipids. These results demonstrate that the production of reactive free radicals in e-cigarette aerosols is highly solvent dependent and increases with an increase in temperature. Radical production was somewhat dependent on aerosol production at higher temperatures; however, disproportionately high levels of free radicals were observed at ≥100 °C despite limited aerosol production. Overall, these findings suggest that e-cigarettes can be designed to minimize exposure to these potentially harmful products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Bitzer
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Reema Goel
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Samantha M Reilly
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Jonathan Foulds
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Joshua Muscat
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Ryan J Elias
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John P Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
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Fanning N, Merriman TR, Dalbeth N, Stamp LK. An association of smoking with serum urate and gout: A health paradox. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2017; 47:825-842. [PMID: 29398126 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential effect of cigarette smoking on levels of serum urate and risk of gout has been considered by a large number of studies, either as the primary variable of interest or as a covariate. METHODS Here we systematically review the published evidence relating to the relationship of smoking with serum urate, hyperuricaemia, and gout. RESULTS Many studies have reported that smoking reduces serum urate, however, the evidence has not been conclusive with other studies pointing to the opposite or no effect. It has also been suggested that smoking reduces the risk of gout, although there is some evidence to contradict this finding. CONCLUSION A consensus has yet to be reached as to the effect of smoking on serum urate levels and the risk of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Fanning
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa K Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand
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38
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Lai CY, Huang CC, Tsai CH, Wang JY, Kerr CL, Chen YY, Cai YW, Wong RH. The DNA Methyltransferase 3B -149 Genetic Polymorphism Modulates Lung Cancer Risk from Smoking. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2717-2723. [PMID: 29072397 PMCID: PMC5747395 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.10.2717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Smoking can cause increase of DNA methylation and hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes, this possible contributing to subsequent lung cancer development. DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) is crucial in regulation of DNA methylation and it has been proposed that green tea might lower cancer risk through inhibiting its activity. Here, we designed a case-control study to investigate whether the DNMT3B -149 genetic polymorphism could modulate lung cancer risk due to smoking. Possible interactions of smoking and green tea consumption with this DNMT3B genetic polymorphism were also assessed. Materials and Methods: A total of 190 lung cancer patients and 380 healthy controls were recruited. Questionnaires were administered to obtain data on sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, as well as family history of lung cancer. Genotypes for DNMT3B -149 were identified by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Smoking, green tea consumption, exposure to cooking fumes, family history of lung cancer, and the DNMT3B -149 genotype (odds ratio (OR)=2.65; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-6.10) were all significantly associated with the development of lung cancer. Smokers carrying the DNMT3B -149 TT genotype were at elevated risk compared to non-smokers carrying DNMT3B -149 (OR=7.69; 95% CI 2.55-23.14). Interaction of smoking with DNMT3B -149 genotypes was significant regarding lung cancer risk. However, interaction between green tea drinking and DNMT3B -149 genotypes was not. Conclusions: The DNMT3B -149 TT genotype might increase the smoking-associated lung cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Yu Lai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- ,Department of Surgery, Cheng-Ching General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- ,Center for General Education, Chung Shan Medical University,Taichung, Taiwan.
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Moustafa MT, Ramirez C, Schneider K, Atilano SR, Limb GA, Kuppermann BD, Kenney MC. Protective Effects of Memantine on Hydroquinone-Treated Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells and Human Retinal Müller Cells. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2017; 33:610-619. [PMID: 28961056 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2016.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Memantine (MEM) acts on the glutamatergic system by blocking N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors. The role that MEM plays in protecting retinal cells is unknown. Hydroquinone (HQ) is one of the cytotoxic components in cigarette smoke. In the present study, we tested whether pretreatment with MEM could protect against the cytotoxic effects of HQ on human retinal pigment epithelium cells (ARPE-19) and human retinal Müller cells (MIO-M1) in vitro. METHODS Cells were plated, pretreated for 6 h with 30 μM of MEM, and then exposed for 24 h to 200, 100, 50, and 25 μM of HQ while MEM was still present. Cell viability (CV), reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays were performed. RESULTS HQ-treated cells showed a dose-dependent decrease in CV and ΔΨm, but an increase in ROS production and LDH levels in both cell lines. MEM pretreatment reversed the CV in 50, 100, and 200 μM doses in ARPE-19 cells and at all HQ concentrations in MIO-M1 cells compared to HQ-treated cultures. ROS production was reversed in all HQ concentrations in both cell lines. ΔΨm was significantly increased after MEM pretreatment only in 50 μM HQ concentration for both cell lines. LDH levels were decreased at 50 and 25 μM HQ in ARPE-19 and MIO-M1 cells, respectively. CONCLUSION HQ-induced toxicity is concentration dependent in ARPE-19 and MIO-M1 cultures. MEM exerts protective effects against HQ-induced toxicity on human retinal pigment epithelial and Müller cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Tarek Moustafa
- 1 Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California
- 2 Ophthalmology Department, Minia University , Minia, Egypt
| | - Claudio Ramirez
- 1 Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California
| | - Kevin Schneider
- 1 Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California
| | - Shari R Atilano
- 1 Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California
| | - Gloria Astrid Limb
- 3 Division of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology , London, United Kingdom
| | - Baruch D Kuppermann
- 1 Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California
| | - Maria Cristina Kenney
- 1 Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California
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Reilly SM, Goel R, Trushin N, Elias RJ, Foulds J, Muscat J, Liao J, Richie JP. Brand variation in oxidant production in mainstream cigarette smoke: Carbonyls and free radicals. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 106:147-154. [PMID: 28528972 PMCID: PMC5532802 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress/damage resulting from exposure to cigarette smoke plays a critical role in the development of tobacco-caused diseases. Carbonyls and free radicals are two major classes of oxidants in tobacco smoke. There is little information on the combined delivery of these oxidants across different cigarette brands; thus, we set out to measure and compare their levels in mainstream smoke from popular US cigarettes. Mainstream smoke from 28 different cigarette brands produced by smoking (FTC protocol) was analyzed for five important, abundant carbonyls, and levels were compared to previously determined free radical for the same brands. Overall, there were large variations (3- to 6-fold) in carbonyl levels across brands with total carbonyl levels ranging from 275 to 804 μg/cigarette, which persisted even after adjusting for ventilation. Individual carbonyl levels were highly correlated with each other (r2: 0.40-0.95, P < 0.003) except for formaldehyde. Both gas-phase (r2: 0.37, P = 0.006) and particulate-phase (r2: 0.27, P = 0.005) free radicals were correlated to total carbonyl content; however, this correlation disappeared after adjusting for ventilation. These data show that overall oxidant production varies widely by cigarette brand and the resulting difference in oxidant burden could potentially lead to differences in disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Reilly
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Reema Goel
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Neil Trushin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Ryan J Elias
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, College of Agricultural Sciences, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Jonathan Foulds
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Joshua Muscat
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Jason Liao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - John P Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.
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Ghio AJ, Hilborn ED. Indices of iron homeostasis correlate with airway obstruction in an NHANES III cohort. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:2075-2084. [PMID: 28790810 PMCID: PMC5529299 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s138457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking results in the accumulation of iron both systemically and locally, in the lung thereby causing imbalance in iron homeostasis. This disruption in iron homeostasis can be associated with oxidative stress and consequent tissue injury. Therefore, in this study, we tested the association between iron homeostasis and airway obstruction by examining a large cohort of smokers and non-smokers for relationships between 1) serum ferritin and iron concentrations and transferrin saturation and 2) forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and their ratio (FEV1/FVC). Data from the National Health and Examination Survey III were analyzed. The study population included persons aged 20 years and above with their following data recorded: race, gender, serum ferritin and iron concentrations, and transferrin saturation; the final sample number was 7,251. In the total population, Pearson correlation coefficients between 1) serum ferritin and iron concentrations and transferrin saturation and 2) FVC and FEV1 were significantly positive; whereas those between 1) serum ferritin concentrations and transferrin saturation and 2) FEV1/FVC were significantly negative. With separate analyses, serum ferritin concentrations demonstrated positive associations with FVC and FEV1 but an inverse relationship with FEV1/FVC in smokers and non-smokers. Serum ferritin levels increased with worsening airway obstruction among smokers, and its highest concentrations were found among those with the lowest values of FEV1/FVC ratio (<60%). Comparable to cigarette smokers, serum ferritin concentrations among non-smokers were greatest in those with the lowest FEV1/FVC ratio. Furthermore, elevated levels of serum iron and saturation of transferrin also corresponded with decreased FEV1/FVC ratio among non-smokers. Thus, we conclude that indices of iron homeostasis are associated with airway obstruction in both smokers and non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ghio
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Hilborn
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Taylor M, Jaunky T, Hewitt K, Breheny D, Lowe F, Fearon IM, Gaca M. A comparative assessment of e-cigarette aerosols and cigarette smoke on in vitro endothelial cell migration. Toxicol Lett 2017; 277:123-128. [PMID: 28658606 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for several diseases. There has been a steep increase in the use of e-cigarettes that may offer a safer alternative to cigarette smoking. In vitro models of smoking-related diseases may provide valuable insights into disease mechanisms associated with tobacco use and could be used to assess e-cigarettes. We previously reported the application of a 'scratch wound' assay, measuring endothelial cell migration rate following artificial wounding, in the presence or absence of cigarette smoke extracts. This study reports the comparative effects of two commercial e-cigarette products (Vype ePen and Vype eStick) and a scientific reference cigarette (3R4F) on endothelial migration in vitro. Puff-matched extracts were generated using the Health Canada Intense (HCI) regime for cigarettes and a modified HCI for e-cigarettes. Exposure to 3R4F extract (20h) induced concentration-dependent inhibition of endothelial cell migration, with complete inhibition at concentrations >20%. E-cigarette extracts did not inhibit migration, even at double the 3R4F extract nicotine concentration, allowing cells to migrate into the wounded area. Our data demonstrate that e-cigarettes do not induce the inhibition of endothelial cell migration in vitro when compared to 3R4F. The scratch wound assay enables the comparative assessment between tobacco and nicotine products in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Taylor
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd, Southampton, UK.
| | - Tomasz Jaunky
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Damien Breheny
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd, Southampton, UK
| | - Frazer Lowe
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd, Southampton, UK
| | - Ian M Fearon
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd, Southampton, UK
| | - Marianna Gaca
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd, Southampton, UK
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Kim JH, Patel S. Is It Worth Discriminating Against Patients Who Smoke? A Systematic Literature Review on the Effects of Tobacco Use in Foot and Ankle Surgery. J Foot Ankle Surg 2017; 56:594-599. [PMID: 28476393 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have linked smoking with lower extremity wound and bone healing complications, a comprehensive study on the effects of smoking in foot and ankle surgery has not yet been reported. The purpose of the present study was to report the results of our systemic literature review, identifying the effects of tobacco use on common foot and ankle procedures. The systematic literature review was performed according to guidelines set by the PRIMSA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses). Smoking, as a single risk factor, was analyzed and used to compare adverse outcomes in the postoperative setting of foot and ankle surgery. We reviewed 528 abstracts that met our initial identification criteria. After an extensive review process, 46 of the articles (8.71%) met the eligibility requirements to be included in the present study. Distal bunionectomy with osteotomy, first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis, Lapidus bunionectomy, toe amputation, transmetatarsal amputation, Syme's amputation, open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of calcaneal fractures, ankle fracture ORIF, pilon fracture ORIF, subtalar arthrodesis, rearfoot arthrodesis, tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis, ankle arthrodesis, total ankle arthroplasty, and plastic surgery procedures and their respective negative association with smoking was identified and described in our review. Our systematic literature review revealed that procedures involving arthrodesis, fracture ORIF, and plastic surgery were associated with negative outcomes in smokers. Procedures that did not involve osseous unions such as total ankle arthroplasty and amputations did not appear to have negative outcomes associated with smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason H Kim
- Resident Physician, Kaiser San Francisco Bay Area Foot and Ankle Residency, Oakland, CA.
| | - Sandeep Patel
- Attending Physician, Kaiser San Francisco Bay Area Foot and Ankle Residency, Antioch, CA
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44
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Goel R, Bitzer Z, Reilly SM, Trushin N, Foulds J, Muscat J, Liao J, Elias RJ, Richie JP. Variation in Free Radical Yields from U.S. Marketed Cigarettes. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1038-1045. [PMID: 28269983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals in tobacco smoke are thought to be an important cause of smoking-induced diseases, yet the variation in free radical exposure to smokers from different brands of commercially available cigarettes is unknown. We measured the levels of highly reactive gas-phase and stable particulate-phase radicals in mainstream cigarette smoke by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy with and without the spin-trapping agent phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), respectively, in 27 popular US cigarettes and the 3R4F research cigarette, machine-smoked according to the FTC protocol. We find a 12-fold variation in the levels of gas-phase radicals (1.2 to 14 nmol per cigarette) and a 2-fold variation in the amounts of particulate-phase radicals (44 to 96 pmol per cigarette) across the range of cigarette brands. Gas and particulate-phase radicals were highly correlated across brands (ρ = 0.62, p < 0.001). Both radicals were correlated with TPM (gas-phase: ρ = 0.38, p = 0.04; particulate-phase: ρ = 0.44, p = 0.02) and ventilation (gas- and tar-phase: ρ = -0.58, p = 0.001), with ventilation explaining nearly 30% of the variation in radical levels across brands. Overall, our findings of significant brand variation in free radical delivery under standardized machine-smoked conditions suggest that the use of certain brands of cigarettes may be associated with greater levels of oxidative stress in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Goel
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Zachary Bitzer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Samantha M Reilly
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Neil Trushin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Jonathan Foulds
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Joshua Muscat
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Jason Liao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Ryan J Elias
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, College of Agricultural Sciences , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John P Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
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Korschelt K, Ragg R, Metzger CS, Kluenker M, Oster M, Barton B, Panthöfer M, Strand D, Kolb U, Mondeshki M, Strand S, Brieger J, Nawaz Tahir M, Tremel W. Glycine-functionalized copper(ii) hydroxide nanoparticles with high intrinsic superoxide dismutase activity. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:3952-3960. [PMID: 28265620 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09810j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SOD) are a group of enzymes that catalyze the dismutation of superoxide (O2-) radicals into molecular oxygen (O2) and H2O2 as a first line of defense against oxidative stress. Here, we show that glycine-functionalized copper(ii) hydroxide nanoparticles (Gly-Cu(OH)2 NPs) are functional SOD mimics, whereas bulk Cu(OH)2 is insoluble in water and catalytically inactive. In contrast, Gly-Cu(OH)2 NPs form water-dispersible mesocrystals with a SOD-like activity that is larger than that of their natural CuZn enzyme counterpart. Based on this finding, we devised an application where Gly-Cu(OH)2 NPs were incorporated into cigarette filters. Cigarette smoke contains high concentrations of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS, >1016 molecules per puff) including superoxide and reactive nitrogen species which lead to the development of chronic and degenerative diseases via oxidative damage and subsequent cell death. Embedded in cigarette filters Gly-Cu(OH)2 NPs efficiently removed ROS from smoke, thereby protecting lung cancer cell lines from cytotoxic effects. Their stability, ease of production and versatility make them a powerful tool for a wide range of applications in environmental chemistry, biotechnology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Korschelt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ruben Ragg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Carmen S Metzger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Kluenker
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Michael Oster
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Bastian Barton
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Martin Panthöfer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Dennis Strand
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 63, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ute Kolb
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Mihail Mondeshki
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Susanne Strand
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 63, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Brieger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Nawaz Tahir
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Tremel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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46
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Mizuno S, Ishizaki T, Kadowaki M, Akai M, Shiozaki K, Iguchi M, Oikawa T, Nakagawa K, Osanai K, Toga H, Gomez-Arroyo J, Kraskauskas D, Cool CD, Bogaard HJ, Voelkel NF. p53 Signaling Pathway Polymorphisms Associated With Emphysematous Changes in Patients With COPD. Chest 2017; 152:58-69. [PMID: 28315337 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The p53 signaling pathway may be important for the pathogenesis of emphysematous changes in the lungs of smokers. Polymorphism of p53 at codon 72 is known to affect apoptotic effector proteins, and the polymorphism of mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)309 is known to increase MDM2 expression. The aim of this study was to assess polymorphisms of the p53 and MDM2 genes in smokers and confirm the role of SNPs in these genes in the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema. METHODS This study included 365 patients with a smoking history, and the polymorphisms of p53 and MDM2 genes were identified. The degree of pulmonary emphysema was determined by means of CT scanning. SNPs, MDM2 mRNA, and p53 protein levels were assessed in human lung tissues from smokers. Plasmids encoding p53 and MDM2 SNPs were used to transfect human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) with or without cigarette smoke extract (CSE), and the effects on cell proliferation and MDM2 promoter activity were measured. RESULTS The polymorphisms of the p53 and MDM2 genes were associated with emphysematous changes in the lung and were also associated with p53 protein and MDM2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue samples. Transfection with a p53 gene-coding plasmid regulated HLF proliferation, and the analysis of P2 promoter activity in MDM2 SNP309-coding HLFs showed the promoter activity was altered by CSE. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that p53 and MDM2 gene polymorphisms are associated with apoptotic signaling and smoking-related emphysematous changes in lungs from smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Mizuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Ishizaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Maiko Kadowaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masaya Akai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukui Red Cross Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kohei Shiozaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukui Red Cross Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masaharu Iguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Taku Oikawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ken Nakagawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Osanai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Toga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Jose Gomez-Arroyo
- Victoria Johnson Center for Obstructive Lung Diseases, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Donatas Kraskauskas
- Victoria Johnson Center for Obstructive Lung Diseases, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Carlyne D Cool
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Lung Tissue Repository Consortium Repository, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Norbert F Voelkel
- Victoria Johnson Center for Obstructive Lung Diseases, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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47
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Fedorova GF, Menshov VA, Trofimov AV, Tsaplev YB, Vasil'ev RF, Yablonskaya OI. Chemiluminescence of Cigarette Smoke: Salient Features of the Phenomenon. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:579-589. [PMID: 27935056 DOI: 10.1111/php.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The study disclosed herein provides for the first time a detailed experimental support for the general mechanism of the cigarette-smoke-derived chemiluminescence, as an example par excellence of the excited-state generation in a chemically complex aerosol medium. The mechanism involves chemiexcitation in a unimolecular transformation of the smoke-borne free radical species. However, the concentration of these radicals, [r∙], obeys a bimolecular (second-order) kinetics and depends on a particulate-phase content (total particulate matter, TPM) of the cigarette smoke. The decrease in [r∙] with increasing the TPM amount manifests radical-scavenging propensity of the smoke particulate phase. Astonishingly, no energy transfer takes place from the primary excited light-emitting species to luminophoric molecules abundant in the smoke. The reported results build up fundamentals of a facile chemiluminescence assay for free radical properties of the smoke. The experimental approaches developed for this study are of general scope and may be used for mechanistic elucidation of the excited-state generation in chemical systems and environments of an arbitrary complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina F Fedorova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery A Menshov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei V Trofimov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Yury B Tsaplev
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rostislav F Vasil'ev
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga I Yablonskaya
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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48
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Lee CH, Goag EK, Lee SH, Chung KS, Jung JY, Park MS, Kim YS, Kim SK, Chang J, Song JH. Association of serum ferritin levels with smoking and lung function in the Korean adult population: analysis of the fourth and fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:3001-3006. [PMID: 27942209 PMCID: PMC5136357 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s116982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Iron-catalyzed oxidative stress contributes to lung injury after exposure to various toxins, including cigarette smoke. An oxidant/antioxidant imbalance is considered to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of COPD. Ferritin is a key protein in iron homeostasis, and its capacity to oxidize and sequester the metal preventing iron prooxidant activity implicates its possible role in the alteration of antioxidant imbalance. We investigated the relationship among cigarette smoking, lung function, and serum ferritin concentration in a large cohort representative of the Korean adult population. Materials and methods Among 50,405 participants of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2014, 15,239 adult subjects older than 40 years with serum ferritin levels and spirometric data were selected for this study. Results The mean age was 56.5 years for men (43%) and 56.9 years for women (57%). The prevalence of airway obstruction was 13.4%, which was significantly higher in men than in women, and increased in former or current smokers. The median levels of serum ferritin were highest in the airway obstruction group, followed by the restrictive pattern group, and lowest in the normal lung function group. The median ferritin levels were increased by smoking status and amounts in each spirometric subgroup. In multivariable regression analysis, serum ferritin was positively associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity, whereas the smoking amount was negatively associated with the adjustment with age, sex, height, and weight. Conclusion Serum ferritin levels were increased in former or current smokers and were increased with smoking amount in all subgroups of participants categorized according to spirometric results. The result was also evident in the subgroups divided by obstructive severity. While smoking amount was inversely related to lung function, higher levels of serum ferritin were associated with enhanced spirometric results in a representative sample of the general Korean adult population. Future prospective studies will be needed to clarify the causality between serum ferritin and lung functions and their role in COPD morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Ho Lee
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Goag
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hwan Lee
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Chung
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ye Jung
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo Suk Park
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sam Kim
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Kyu Kim
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Chang
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Han Song
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kamceva G, Arsova-Sarafinovska Z, Ruskovska T, Zdravkovska M, Kamceva-Panova L, Stikova E. Cigarette Smoking and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2016; 4:636-640. [PMID: 28028404 PMCID: PMC5175512 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2016.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine whether cigarette smoking, as a risk factor for CAD, affects (anti)oxidant status. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included patients with CAD, divided according to their smoking status and the number of cigarettes smoked during a day. Biological markers of oxidative stress (concentration of oxidants and activity of antioxidant enzymes) were measured in all subjects. RESULTS: The study included 300 patients with CAD, (average age of 63 ± 11 years), predominantly males. Of the total, 34.0% were active smokers, 23.0% were former smokers, and 43.0% were non-smokers. Most of the active smokers smoked 1-20 cigarettes/day. In terms of concentration of oxidants (MDA and HP) there was not a significant difference between smokers versus non-smokers. As for the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPX), a statistically significant difference was found in the activity of GPX among the active smokers with CAD and the non-smokers with CAD (p = 0.039). CONCLUSION: Smoking as a risk factor for CAD is closely associated with increased oxidative stress, and the number of cigarettes smoked plays an important role in increasing the level of oxidative damage and reducing antioxidant defence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tatjana Ruskovska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University "Goce Delchev", Shtip, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Milka Zdravkovska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University "Goce Delchev", Shtip, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Lidija Kamceva-Panova
- International Slavic University, G. R. Derzhavin, Sveti Nikole, Republic of Macedonia
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50
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Sirt1 expression is associated with CD31 expression in blood cells from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2016; 17:139. [PMID: 27784320 PMCID: PMC5081972 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoke induced oxidative stress has been shown to reduce silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) levels in lung tissue from smokers and patients with COPD patients. Sirt1 is known to inhibit endothelial senescence and may play a protective role in vascular cells. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are mobilized into circulation under various pathophysiological conditions, and are thought to play an important role in tissue repair in chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). Therefore, Sirt1 and EPC-associated mRNAs were measured in blood samples from patients with COPD and from cultured CD34+ progenitor cells to examine whether these genes are associated with COPD development. Methods This study included 358 patients with a smoking history of more than 10 pack-years. RNA was extracted from blood samples and from CD34+ progenitor cells treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE), followed by assessment of CD31, CD34, Sirt1 mRNA, miR-34a, and miR-126-3p expression by real-time RT-PCR. Results The expression of CD31, CD34, Sirt1 mRNAs, and miR-126-3p decreased and that of miR-34a increased in moderate COPD compared with that in control smokers. However, no significant differences in these genes were observed in blood cells from patients with severe COPD compared with those in control smokers. CSE significantly decreased Sirt1 and increased miR-34a expression in cultured progenitor cells. Conclusion Sirt1 expression in blood cells from patients with COPD could be a biomarker for disease stability in patients with moderate COPD. MiR-34a may participate in apoptosis and/or senescence of EPCs in smokers. Decreased expression of CD31, CD34, and miR-126-3p potentially represents decreased numbers of EPCs in blood cell from patients with COPD.
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