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Cicatiello AG, Nappi A, Franchini F, Nettore IC, Raia M, Rocca C, Angelone T, Dentice M, Ungaro P, Macchia PE. The histone methyltransferase SMYD1 is induced by thermogenic stimuli in adipose tissue. Epigenomics 2024; 16:359-374. [PMID: 38440863 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To study the expression of histone methyltransferase SMYD1 in white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue and during differentiation of preadipocytes to white and beige phenotypes. Methods: C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (and exposed to cold) and 3T3-L1 cells stimulated to differentiate into white and beige adipocytes were used. Results: SMYD1 expression increased in WAT of high-fat diet fed mice and in WAT and brown adipose tissue of cold-exposed mice, suggesting its role in thermogenesis. SMYD1 expression was higher in beige adipocytes than in white adipocytes, and its silencing leads to a decrease in mitochondrial content and in Pgc-1α expression. Conclusion: These data suggest a novel role for SMYD1 as a positive regulator of energy control in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata G Cicatiello
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Surgery, University of Naples 'Federico II', 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Nappi
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Surgery, University of Naples 'Federico II', 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Franchini
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Surgery, University of Naples 'Federico II', 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata C Nettore
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Surgery, University of Naples 'Federico II', 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maddalena Raia
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Rocca
- Laboratory of Cellular & Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, Ecology & Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Laboratory of Cellular & Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, Ecology & Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, Cosenza, Italy
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (I.N.R.C.), 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Surgery, University of Naples 'Federico II', 80131, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Ungaro
- National Research Council - Institute for Experimental Endocrinology & Oncology 'Gaetano Salvatore', 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo E Macchia
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Surgery, University of Naples 'Federico II', 80131, Naples, Italy
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Sun W, Zhang X, Bai X, Du K, Chen L, Wang H, Jia X, Lai S. miR-889-3p Facilitates the Browning Process of White Adipocyte Precursors by Targeting the SON Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17580. [PMID: 38139409 PMCID: PMC10743546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that beige/brown adipose tissue can dissipate stored energy through thermogenesis; hence, the browning of white adipocytes (WAT) has garnered significant interest in contemporary research. Our preceding investigations have identified a marked downregulation of miR-889-3p concurrent with the natural maturation of brown adipose tissue. However, the specific role and underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-889-3p in the browning process of white adipose tissue warrant further elucidation. In this research, we initially delved into the potential role of miR-889-3p in preadipocyte growth via flow cytometry and CCK-8 assay, revealing that miR-889-3p can stimulate preadipocyte growth. To validate the potential contribution of miR-889-3p in the browning process of white adipose tissue, we established an in vitro rabbit white adipocyte browning induction, which exhibited a significant upregulation of miR-889-3p during the browning process. RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis indicated that miR-889-3p overexpression significantly amplified the mRNA levels of UCP1, PRDM16, and CIDEA, as well as UCP1 protein levels. Furthermore, miR-889-3p overexpression fostered intracellular triglyceride accumulation. Conversely, the downregulation of miR-889-3p hindered the browning of rabbit preadipocytes. Subsequently, based on target gene prediction and luciferase reporter gene determination, we demonstrated that miR-889-3p directly targets the 3'-UTR region of SON. Lastly, we observed that inhibiting SON could facilitate the browning of rabbit preadipocytes. In conclusion, our findings suggest that miR-889-3p facilitates the browning process of white adipocyte precursors by specifically targeting the SON gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (W.S.); (X.Z.); (X.B.); (K.D.); (L.C.); (H.W.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (W.S.); (X.Z.); (X.B.); (K.D.); (L.C.); (H.W.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (W.S.); (X.Z.); (X.B.); (K.D.); (L.C.); (H.W.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Kun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (W.S.); (X.Z.); (X.B.); (K.D.); (L.C.); (H.W.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (W.S.); (X.Z.); (X.B.); (K.D.); (L.C.); (H.W.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Haoding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (W.S.); (X.Z.); (X.B.); (K.D.); (L.C.); (H.W.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Xianbo Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (W.S.); (X.Z.); (X.B.); (K.D.); (L.C.); (H.W.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Songjia Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (W.S.); (X.Z.); (X.B.); (K.D.); (L.C.); (H.W.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
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Bauzá-Thorbrügge M, Peris E, Zamani S, Micallef P, Paul A, Bartesaghi S, Benrick A, Wernstedt Asterholm I. NRF2 is essential for adaptative browning of white adipocytes. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102951. [PMID: 37931470 PMCID: PMC10652207 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue browning, defined by accelerated mitochondrial metabolism and biogenesis, is considered a promising mean to treat or prevent obesity-associated metabolic disturbances. We hypothesize that redox stress acutely leads to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which activate electrophile sensor nuclear factor erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2) that over time results in an adaptive adipose tissue browning process. To test this, we have exploited adipocyte-specific NRF2 knockout mice and cultured adipocytes and analyzed time- and dose-dependent effect of NAC and lactate treatment on antioxidant expression and browning-like processes. We found that short-term antioxidant treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) induced reductive stress as evident from increased intracellular NADH levels, increased ROS-production, reduced oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and increased NRF2 levels in white adipocytes. In contrast, and in line with our hypothesis, longer-term NAC treatment led to a NRF2-dependent browning response. Lactate treatment elicited similar effects as NAC, and mechanistically, these NRF2-dependent adipocyte browning responses in vitro were mediated by increased heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) activity. Moreover, this NRF2-HMOX1 axis was also important for β3-adrenergic receptor activation-induced adipose tissue browning in vivo. In conclusion, our findings show that administration of exogenous antioxidants can affect biological function not solely through ROS neutralization, but also through reductive stress. We also demonstrate that NRF2 is essential for white adipose tissue browning processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bauzá-Thorbrügge
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eduard Peris
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shabnam Zamani
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Micallef
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Paul
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Chemical Biology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; The Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Stefano Bartesaghi
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Benrick
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Molonia MS, Muscarà C, Speciale A, Salamone FL, Costa G, Vento G, Saija A, Cimino F. Low concentrations of antimony impair adipogenesis and endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis during 3T3-L1 cells differentiation. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 181:114107. [PMID: 37858840 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) is a metalloid widely present in plastics used for food contact packaging, toys and other household items. Since Sb can be released by these plastics and come into contact with humans, health concerns have been highlighted. The effect of Sb on human tissues is yet controversial, and biochemical mechanisms of toxicity are lacking. In the present study, the effect of very low nanomolar concentrations of Sb(III), able to mimicking chronic human exposure, was evaluated in 3T3-L1 murine cells during the differentiation process. Low nanomolar Sb exposure (from 0.05 to 5 nM) induced lipid accumulation and a marked increase in C/EBP-β and PPAR-γ levels, the master regulators of adipogenesis. The Sb-induced PPAR-γ was reverted by the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780. Additionally, Sb stimulated preadipocytes proliferation inducing G2/M phase of cell cycle and this effect was associated to reduced cell-cycle inhibitor p21 levels. In addition to these metabolic dysfunctions, Sb activated the proinflammatory NF-κB pathway and altered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis inducing ROS increase, ER stress markers XBP-1s and pEIF2a and downstream genes, such as Grp78 and CHOP. This study, for the first time, supports obesogenic effects of low concentrations exposure of Sb during preadipocytes differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Molonia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy; "Prof. Antonio Imbesi" Foundation, University of Messina, 98100, Messina, Italy.
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Federica Lina Salamone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Gregorio Costa
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - Grazia Vento
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
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Molonia MS, Salamone FL, Muscarà C, Costa G, Vento G, Saija A, Speciale A, Cimino F. Regulation of mitotic clonal expansion and thermogenic pathway are involved in the antiadipogenic effects of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1225586. [PMID: 37614314 PMCID: PMC10442822 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1225586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is a metabolic disease with an increase both in cell size (hypertrophy) and in cell number (hyperplasia) following differentiation of new adipocytes. Adipogenesis is a well-orchestrated program in which mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) occurs in the early step followed by the late terminal differentiation one. Methods: Aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), an anthocyanin present in many fruits and vegetables, in the early or late phase of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation. Results: C3G exposure in the early phase of adipogenesis process induced a more marked reduction of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBPβ), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-ɣ) and fatty acid synthase (Fasn) expression than late phase exposure and these effects were associated to a reduced MCE with cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase via p21 expression. Furthermore, C3G exposure during the early phase activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway better than in the late phase promoting the enhancement of beige-like adipocytes. In fact, C3G induced thermogenic biomarkers uncoupling protein-1 (Ucp1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (Pgc1) and these effects were more evident during early phase exposure. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that C3G reduces the terminal adipogenic process affecting the early phase of differentiation and inducing a thermogenic program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Molonia
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- “Prof Antonio Imbesi” Foundation, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Lina Salamone
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gregorio Costa
- Department of Human and Pediatric Pathology “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Grazia Vento
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Kim Y, Ji H, Ryu D, Cho E, Park D, Jung E. Albizia julibrissin Exerts Anti-Obesity Effects by Inducing the Browning of 3T3L1 White Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11496. [PMID: 37511251 PMCID: PMC10380714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of the Albizia julibrissin Leaf extracts (AJLE) on adipocytes using 3T3-L1 cells. AJLE inhibited adipogenesis by reducing the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) that regulate enzymes involved in fat synthesis and storage, and subsequently reduced intracellular lipid droplets, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), and triglyceride (TG). AJLE also increased the expression of brown adipocyte markers, such as uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), PR/SET domain 16 (PRDM16), and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) by inducing the differentiation of brown adipocytes, as shown by a decrease in the lipid droplet sizes and increasing mitochondrial mass. AJLE increased the expression of transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, and UCP-1 protein expression, all of which are key factors in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. AJLE-induced browning was shown to be regulated by the coordination of AMPK, p38, and SIRT1 signaling pathways. The ability of AJLE to inhibit adipogenesis and induce brown adipocyte differentiation may help treat obesity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Kim
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyanggi Ji
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Dehun Ryu
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Cho
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokhoon Park
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsun Jung
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Republic of Korea
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Duan G, Zheng C, Yu J, Zhang P, Wan M, Zheng J, Duan Y. β-Hydroxy-β-methyl Butyrate Regulates the Lipid Metabolism, Mitochondrial Function, and Fat Browning of Adipocytes. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112550. [PMID: 37299513 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of in vivo studies demonstrated that β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB) can serve as a lipid-lowering nutrient. Despite this interesting observation, the use of adipocytes as a model for research is yet to be explored. To ascertain the effects of HMB on the lipid metabolism of adipocytes and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, the 3T3-L1 cell line was employed. Firstly, serial doses of HMB were added to 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to evaluate the effects of HMB on cell proliferation. HMB (50 µM) significantly promoted the proliferation of preadipocytes. Next, we investigated whether HMB could attenuate fat accumulation in adipocytes. The results show that HMB treatment (50 µM) reduced the triglyceride (TG) content. Furthermore, HMB was found to inhibit lipid accumulation by suppressing the expression of lipogenic proteins (C/EBPα and PPARγ) and increasing the expression of lipolysis-related proteins (p-AMPK, p-Sirt1, HSL, and UCP3). We also determined the concentrations of several lipid metabolism-related enzymes and fatty acid composition in adipocytes. The HMB-treated cells showed reduced G6PD, LPL, and ATGL concentrations. Moreover, HMB improved the fatty acid composition in adipocytes, manifested by increases in the contents of n6 and n3 PUFAs. The enhancement of the mitochondrial respiratory function of 3T3-L1 adipocytes was confirmed via Seahorse metabolic assay, which showed that HMB treatment elevated basal mitochondrial respiration, ATP production, H+ leak, maximal respiration, and non-mitochondrial respiration. In addition, HMB enhanced fat browning of adipocytes, and this effect might be associated with the activation of the PRDM16/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway. Taken together, HMB-induced changes in the lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function may contribute to preventing fat deposition and improving insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyan Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changbing Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiayi Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peiwen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mengliao Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Mukai T, Kusudo T. Bidirectional effect of vitamin D on brown adipogenesis of C3H10T1/2 fibroblast-like cells. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14785. [PMID: 36815991 PMCID: PMC9934812 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates caloric energy as heat and plays a role in glucose and lipid metabolism. Therefore, augmentation and activation of BAT are the focus of new treatment strategies against obesity, a primary risk factor of metabolic syndrome. The vitamin D system plays a crucial role in mineral homeostasis, bone metabolism, and cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we investigated the effects of vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on brown adipocyte differentiation. Methods The mouse fibroblast-like cell line C3H10T1/2 was differentiated into brown adipocytes in the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3. The effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on brown adipocyte differentiation was assessed by measuring lipid accumulation, the expression of related genes, and cytotoxicity. The viability of C3H10T1/2 cells was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Gene expression was investigated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression was estimated using western blotting. Results 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited adipocyte differentiation and exerted a cytotoxic effect at 1 nM. However, in the physiological concentration range (50-250 pM), 1,25(OH)2D3 promoted uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in C3H10T1/2 cells. This effect was not observed when 1,25(OH)2D3 was added 48 h after the initiation of differentiation, suggesting that the vitamin D system acts in the early phase of the differentiation program. We showed that 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the expression of two key regulators of brown adipogenesis, PR domain containing 16 (Prdm16) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (Pgc1α ). Furthermore, 1,25(OH)2D3 increased Ucp1 expression in 3T3-L1 beige adipogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion These data indicate the potential of vitamin D and its analogs as therapeutics for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Mukai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tezukayama Gakuin University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kusudo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tezukayama Gakuin University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
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Selenium and selenoproteins in thermogenic adipocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 731:109445. [PMID: 36265651 PMCID: PMC9981474 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is involved in energy metabolism in the liver, white adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle, and may also play a role in thermogenic adipocytes, i.e. brown and beige adipocytes. Thereby this micronutrient is a key nutritional target to aid in combating obesity and metabolic diseases. In thermogenic adipocytes, particularly in brown adipose tissue (BAT), the selenoprotein type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO2) is essential for the activation of adaptive thermogenesis. Recent evidence has suggested that additional selenoproteins may also be participating in this process, and a role for Se itself through its metabolic pathways is also envisioned. In this review, we discuss the recognized effects and the knowledge gaps in the involvement of Se metabolism and selenoproteins in the mechanisms of adaptive thermogenesis in thermogenic (brown and beige) adipocytes.
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10
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Bae J, Yang Y, Xu X, Flaherty J, Overby H, Hildreth K, Chen J, Wang S, Zhao L. Naringenin, a citrus flavanone, enhances browning and brown adipogenesis: Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1036655. [PMID: 36438760 PMCID: PMC9686290 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1036655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) has provided new hope for obesity treatment and prevention. Functional BAT includes classical BAT and brown-like adipose tissue converted from white adipose tissue. By promoting thermogenesis (i.e., heat production) via uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), functional BAT can increase energy expenditure and aid obesity treatment and prevention. Naringenin (NAR) is a flavanone primarily found in citrus fruits. NAR has been reported to decrease body weight, increase energy expenditure in treated mice, and promote browning in human adipocytes. Here, we examined the effects of NAR on 3T3-L1 adipocytes' browning and β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (ISO)-stimulated thermogenic activation and classical murine brown adipogenesis. In addition, we demonstrated the signaling pathways and involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in the process. We found that NAR did not increase Ucp1 mRNA expression at the basal (i.e., non-ISO stimulated) condition. Instead, it enhanced Ucp1 and Pgc-1α up-regulation and thermogenesis under ISO-stimulated conditions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. NAR promoted protein kinase A (PKA) activation and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK downstream of ISO stimulation and activated PPARγ. Pharmacological inhibition of either PKA or p38 and PPARγ knockdown attenuated Ucp1 up-regulation by NAR. Moreover, NAR promoted brown adipogenesis by increasing lipid accumulation, brown marker expression, and thermogenesis in murine brown adipocytes, which was also attenuated by PPARγ knockdown. Together, our results suggest that NAR may promote the development of functional BAT in part through PPARγ activation. NAR's role in combating human obesity warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Bae
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Xinyun Xu
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Jamie Flaherty
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Haley Overby
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Kelsey Hildreth
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Jiangang Chen
- Department of Public Health, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Shu Wang
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Ling Zhao,
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11
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Molonia MS, Muscarà C, Speciale A, Salamone FL, Toscano G, Saija A, Cimino F. The p-Phthalates Terephthalic Acid and Dimethyl Terephthalate Used in the Manufacture of PET Induce In Vitro Adipocytes Dysfunction by Altering Adipogenesis and Thermogenesis Mechanisms. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217645. [PMID: 36364480 PMCID: PMC9656719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Public health concerns associated with the potential leaching of substances from Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging have been raised due to the role of phthalates as endocrine-disrupting chemicals or obesogens. In particular, changes in the environment such as pH, temperature, and irradiation can improve contaminant migration from PET food packaging. In this study, the in vitro effects of p-phthalates terephthalic acid (TPA) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) on murine adipocytes (3T3-L1) were evaluated using concentrations that might be obtained in adult humans exposed to contaminated sources. TPA and, in particular, DMT exposure during 3T3-L1 differentiation increased the cellular lipid content and induced adipogenic markers PPAR-γ, C/EBPß, FABP4, and FASN, starting from low nanomolar concentrations. Interestingly, the adipogenic action of TPA- and DMT-induced PPAR-γ was reverted by ICI 182,780, a specific antagonist of the estrogen receptor. Furthermore, TPA and DMT affected adipocytes’ thermogenic program, reducing pAMPK and PGC-1α levels, and induced the NF-κB proinflammatory pathway. Given the observed effects of biologically relevant chronic concentrations of these p-phthalates and taking into account humans’ close and constant contact with plastics, it seems appropriate that ascertaining safe levels of TPA and DMT exposure is considered a high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Molonia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Lina Salamone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Toscano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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12
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Magusto J, Beaupère C, Afonso MB, Auclair M, Delaunay JL, Soret PA, Courtois G, Aït-Slimane T, Housset C, Jéru I, Fève B, Ratziu V, Rodrigues CM, Gautheron J. The necroptosis-inducing pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like regulates the adipogenic differentiation of pre-adipocytes. iScience 2022; 25:105166. [PMID: 36204273 PMCID: PMC9530846 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) proteins are key regulators of necroptosis, a highly pro-inflammatory mode of cell death, which has been involved in various human diseases. Necroptotic-independent functions of RIPK3 and MLKL also exist, notably in the adipose tissue but remain poorly defined. Using knock-out (KO) cell models, we investigated the role of RIPK3 and MLKL in adipocyte differentiation. Mlkl-KO abolished white adipocyte differentiation via a strong expression of Wnt10b, a ligand of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and a downregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism. This effect was not recapitulated by the ablation of Ripk3. Conversely, Mlkl and Ripk3 deficiencies did not block beige adipocyte differentiation. These findings indicate that RIPK3 and MLKL have distinct roles in adipogenesis. The absence of MLKL blocks the differentiation of white, but not beige, adipocytes highlighting the therapeutic potential of MLKL inhibition in obesity. Mlkl deficiency inhibits white, but not beige, adipocyte differentiation MLKL deficiency suppresses the expression of master regulators of adipogenesis Mlkl deficiency up-regulates Wnt10b expression Ripk3 deficiency does not alter white and beige adipocyte differentiation
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13
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Patel A, Dobbins T, Kong X, Patel R, Carter G, Harding L, Sparks RP, Patel NA, Cooper DR. Induction of beige-like adipocyte markers and functions in 3T3-L1 cells by Clk1 and PKCβII inhibitory molecules. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4183-4194. [PMID: 35801494 PMCID: PMC9344812 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive dietary intake of fat results in its storage in white adipose tissue (WAT). Energy expenditure through lipid oxidation occurs in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Certain WAT depots can undergo a change termed beiging where markers that BAT express are induced. Little is known about signalling pathways inducing beiging. Here, inhibition of a signalling pathway regulating alternative pre‐mRNA splicing is involved in adipocyte beiging. Clk1/2/4 kinases regulate splicing by phosphorylating factors that process pre‐mRNA. Clk1 inhibition by TG003 results in beige‐like adipocytes highly expressing PGC1α and UCP1. SiRNA for Clk1, 2 and 4, demonstrated that Clk1 depletion increased UCP1 and PGC1α expression, whereas Clk2/4 siRNA did not. TG003‐treated adipocytes contained fewer lipid droplets, are smaller, and contain more mitochondria, resulting in proton leak increases. Additionally, inhibition of PKCβII activity, a splice variant regulated by Clk1, increased beiging. PGC1α is a substrate for both Clk1 and PKCβII kinases, and we surmised that inhibition of PGC1α phosphorylation resulted in beiging of adipocytes. We show that TG003 binds Clk1 more than Clk2/4 through direct binding, and PGC1α binds to Clk1 at a site close to TG003. Furthermore, we show that TG003 is highly specific for Clk1 across hundreds of kinases in our activity screen. Hence, Clk1 inhibition becomes a target for induction of beige adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achintya Patel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Tradd Dobbins
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Kong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Rehka Patel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Gay Carter
- J.A. Haley Research Service, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Linette Harding
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Robert P Sparks
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Niketa A Patel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA.,J.A. Haley Research Service, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Denise R Cooper
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA.,J.A. Haley Research Service, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Kim DH, Ahn J, Suh Y, Ziouzenkova O, Lee JW, Lee K. Retinol Binding Protein 7 Promotes Adipogenesis in vitro and Regulates Expression of Genes Involved in Retinol Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:876031. [PMID: 35493071 PMCID: PMC9047791 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.876031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinol is an essential nutrient in animals. Its metabolites, specifically retinoic acid (RA), are crucial for cell differentiation, including adipogenesis. Retinol binding protein 7 (Rbp7) is under the control of PPARγ, the master regulator of adipogenesis. However, the role of RBP7 in adipogenesis is unclear. Our study showed that Rbp7 was abundantly expressed in white and brown mouse adipose tissues and had a higher expression in adipocytes than in stromal vascular fraction. Rbp7 overexpression promoted 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation with increased triglyceride accumulation and up-regulation of Pparγ, Fabp4, C/ebpα, and AdipoQ. Rbp7 deficient adipocytes had opposite effects of the overexpression, which were rescued by RA supplementation. Indirect assessment of relative nuclear RA levels using RAR response element (RARE)-Luc reporter assay demonstrated that Rbp7 overexpression significantly increased RARE-Luc reporter activity. Rbp7 overexpression significantly increased expression of Raldh1, responsible for RA production, and up-regulation of Lrat and Cyp26a1, involved in retinol storage and RA catabolism, respectively, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Rbp7 deficient adipocytes had opposite effects of the overexpression of those genes involved in retinol metabolism. These data suggest that RBP7 increases transcriptional activity of RARE that may induce negative feedback responses via regulation of the gene expression for retinol homeostasis. Our data indicate critical RBP7 functions in adipocytes: regulation of transcriptional activity of RARE and adipocytes differentiation, potentially providing a new target for obesity therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hwan Kim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jinsoo Ahn
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yeunsu Suh
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ouliana Ziouzenkova
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jeong-Woong Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jeong-Woong Lee, ; Kichoon Lee,
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeong-Woong Lee, ; Kichoon Lee,
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15
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Luo J, Wang Y, Gilbert E, Liu D. Deletion of GPR30 Drives the Activation of Mitochondrial Uncoupling Respiration to Induce Adipose Thermogenesis in Female Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:877152. [PMID: 35592783 PMCID: PMC9110859 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.877152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermogenic adipocytes possess a promising approach to combat obesity with its capability promoting energy metabolism. We previously discovered that deletion of GPR30 (GPRKO), a presumably membrane-associated estrogen receptor, protected female mice from developing obesity, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance when challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD). In vivo, the metabolic phenotype of wild type (WT) and GPRKO female mice were measured weekly. Acute cold tolerance test was performed. Ex vivo, mitochondrial respiration of brown adipose tissue (BAT) was analyzed from diet-induced obese female mice of both genotypes. In vitro, stromal vascular fractions (SVF) were isolated for beige adipocyte differentiation to investigate the role of GPR30 in thermogenic adipocyte. Deletion of GPR30 protects female mice from hypothermia and the mitochondria in BAT are highly energetic in GPRKO animals while the WT mitochondria remain in a relatively quiescent stage. Consistently, GPR30 deficiency enhances beige adipocyte differentiation in white adipose tissue (WAT) and activates the thermogenic browning of subcutaneous WAT due to up-regulation of UCP-1, which thereby protects female mice from HFD-induced obesity. GPR30 is a negative regulator of thermogenesis, which at least partially contributes to the reduced adiposity in the GPRKO female mice. Our findings provide insight into the mechanism by which GPR30 regulates fat metabolism and adiposity in female mice exposed to excess calories, which may be instrumental in the development of new therapeutic strategies for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Gilbert
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Dongmin Liu,
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16
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Liu X, Liu M, Lee L, Davies M, Wang Z, Kim H, Feeley BT. Trichostatin A regulates fibro/adipogenic progenitor adipogenesis epigenetically and reduces rotator cuff muscle fatty infiltration. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:1452-1462. [PMID: 32970360 PMCID: PMC7987912 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rotator cuff (RC) muscle fatty infiltration (FI) is an important factor that determines the clinical outcome of patients with RC repair. There is no effective treatment for RC muscle FI at this time. The goal of this study is to define the role Trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor in regulating muscle fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) adipogenesis and treating muscle fatty degeneration after massive RC tears in a mouse model. We hypothesize that TSA reduces muscle FI after massive RC tears. HDAC activity was measured in FAPs in RC muscle after tendon/nerve transection or sham surgery. FAPs were treated with TSA for 2 weeks and FAP adipogenesis was evaluated with perilipin and Oil Red O staining, as well as reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction for adipogenesis-related genes. About 0.5 mg/kg TSA or dimethyl sulfoxide was administered to C57B/L6 mice with massive rotator cuff tears through daily intraperitoneal injection for 6 weeks. Supraspinatus muscles were harvested for biochemical and histology analysis. We found that FAPs showed significantly higher HDAC activity after RC tendon/nerve transection. TSA treatment significantly reduced HDAC activity and inhibited adipogenesis of FAPs. TSA also abolished the role of bone morphogenetic protein-7 in inducing FAP adipogenesis and promoted FAP brown/beige adipose tissue (BAT) differentiation. TSA injection significantly increased histone H3 acetylation and reduced FI of rotator cuff muscles after massive tendon tears. Results from this study showed that TSA can regulate FAP adipogenesis and promote FAP BAT differentiation epigenetically. HDAC inhibition may be a new treatment strategy to reduce muscle FI after RC tears and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Liu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mengyao Liu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lawrence Lee
- Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael Davies
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zili Wang
- Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hubert Kim
- Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brian T. Feeley
- Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Wu X, Li J, Chang K, Yang F, Jia Z, Sun C, Li Q, Xu Y. Histone H3 methyltransferase Ezh2 promotes white adipocytes but inhibits brown and beige adipocyte differentiation in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158901. [PMID: 33571671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a disease characterized by imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, excessive energy store in white adipocytes, but brown and beige adipocytes consume energy to relieve obesity. In this study, we want to explore the role of the histone H3 methyltransferase Ezh2 in the differentiation of white, brown and beige adipocytes with Ezh2 conditional knockout mice (Ezh2flox/floxPrx1-cre) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). The results showed that Ezh2-deficient mice have a leaner phenotype and less white adipose tissues. The morphological changes in the adipose tissue included smaller white adipose tissue depots, white adipocytes with smaller diameter, smaller lipid droplets inside the brown adipocytes and more beige adipocytes in the Ezh2-deficient mice compared with the control. The differentiation markers of white adipocytes in Ezh2 knockout mice decreased; Ucp1 and other browning markers increased in brown and beige adipocytes. The Ezh2 knockout mice could better tolerate cold stimulation, and they can also resist obesity and insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet. The Ezh2 inhibitor GSK126 could inhibit the differentiation of MEFs into white adipocytes but promote their differentiation into brown/beige adipocytes. The H3K27me3 demethylase Jmjd3/UTX inhibitor GSKJ4 inhibited MEFs' differentiation into brown/beige adipocytes. These results showed that Ezh2 promotes the differentiation of white adipocytes and inhibits the differentiation of brown and beige adipocytes in vivo and in vitro through its methylase activity and this may represent new knowledge for obesity therapeutic strategy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Male
- Mice
- Adipocytes, Beige/metabolism
- Adipocytes, Beige/cytology
- Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism
- Adipocytes, Brown/cytology
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Adipocytes, White/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/cytology
- Cell Differentiation
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/metabolism
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/genetics
- Indoles
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/pathology
- Pyridones/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Institute of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Medical School, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Jianqiang Li
- Cadets of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Kaixuan Chang
- Cadets of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Clinical Medical School, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Zhen Jia
- Cadets of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Cadets of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Yuqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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Kang S, Lee M. Beiging Modulates Inflammatory Adipogenesis in Salt-Treated and MEK6-Transfected Adipocytes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051106. [PMID: 34064531 PMCID: PMC8147997 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether the beiging process changes the interactive effects of salt and MEK6 gene on inflammatory adipogenesis, the salt treatment (NaCl 50 mM) and MEK6 transfection of Tg(+/+) cells were performed with white adipocytes (WAT) and beige-like-adipocytes (BLA). BLA induced by T3 were confirmed by UCP-1 expression and the MEK6 protein was 3.5 times higher in MEK6 transfected WAT than the control. The adipogenic genes, PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α, were 1.5 times more highly expressed in the salt-treated groups than the non-salt-treated groups, and adipogenesis was greatly increased in Tg(+/+) WAT compared to non-transfected Tg(−/−). The adipogenesis induced by salt treatment and MEK6 transfection was significantly reduced in BLA. The inflammatory adipocytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were increased in the salt-treated Tg(+/+) WAT, but an anti-inflammation biomarker, the adiponectin/leptin ratio, was reduced in Tg(+/+), to tenth of that in Tg(−/−). However, the production of adipocytokines in WAT was strongly weakened in BLA, although a combination of salt and MEK6 transfection had the most significant effects on inflammation in both WAT and BLA. Oxygen consumption in mitochondria was maximized in salt-treated and MEK6 transfected WAT, but it was decreased by 50% in BLA. In conclusion, beiging controls the synergistic effects of salt and MEK6 on adipogenesis, inflammation, and energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjoo Kang
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 01133, Korea;
| | - Myoungsook Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 01133, Korea;
- Research Institute of Obesity Sciences, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 01133, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +082-02-920-7211
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19
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Dufau J, Shen JX, Couchet M, De Castro Barbosa T, Mejhert N, Massier L, Griseti E, Mouisel E, Amri EZ, Lauschke VM, Rydén M, Langin D. In vitro and ex vivo models of adipocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C822-C841. [PMID: 33439778 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00519.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytes are specialized cells with pleiotropic roles in physiology and pathology. Several types of fat cells with distinct metabolic properties coexist in various anatomically defined fat depots in mammals. White, beige, and brown adipocytes differ in their handling of lipids and thermogenic capacity, promoting differences in size and morphology. Moreover, adipocytes release lipids and proteins with paracrine and endocrine functions. The intrinsic properties of adipocytes pose specific challenges in culture. Mature adipocytes float in suspension culture due to high triacylglycerol content and are fragile. Moreover, a fully differentiated state, notably acquirement of the unilocular lipid droplet of white adipocyte, has so far not been reached in two-dimensional culture. Cultures of mouse and human-differentiated preadipocyte cell lines and primary cells have been established to mimic white, beige, and brown adipocytes. Here, we survey various models of differentiated preadipocyte cells and primary mature adipocyte survival describing main characteristics, culture conditions, advantages, and limitations. An important development is the advent of three-dimensional culture, notably of adipose spheroids that recapitulate in vivo adipocyte function and morphology in fat depots. Challenges for the future include isolation and culture of adipose-derived stem cells from different anatomic location in animal models and humans differing in sex, age, fat mass, and pathophysiological conditions. Further understanding of fat cell physiology and dysfunction will be achieved through genetic manipulation, notably CRISPR-mediated gene editing. Capturing adipocyte heterogeneity at the single-cell level within a single fat depot will be key to understanding diversities in cardiometabolic parameters among lean and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Dufau
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Morgane Couchet
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Niklas Mejhert
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucas Massier
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Griseti
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Mouisel
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Volker M Lauschke
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominique Langin
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Toulouse University Hospitals, Department of Biochemistry, Toulouse, France
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20
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Lee M, Lee M. The Effects of C3G and D3G Anthocyanin-Rich Black Soybean on Energy Metabolism in Beige-like Adipocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12011-12018. [PMID: 33059446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Various mechanisms of obesity prevention have been identified; however, the roles of brown or beige fat as regulators of the energy balance are unclear. The effects of anthocyanin-rich black soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., testa (ABS) extracts on the energy balance were investigated by comparing beige-like adipocytes (BLA) and white adipocytes (WAT). ABS extracts reduced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma protein expression and triglyceride accumulation in WAT and BLA without inducing nuclear damage. The biomarkers of fat degradation (phospho-AMPKα and ATGL) or glycerol secretion in the medium and β-oxidation of fatty acids (CPT2) in the ABS-treated BLA were increased compared to those in WAT. ABS extracts significantly increased the expression of thermogenesis markers (UCP1 and CIDEA) and biomarkers related to mitochondrial activation (cytochrome c and NRF1) in BLA. In the primary cell culture of brown adipocytes (BAT) from rats fed ABS, the expression levels of PGC1-α, cytochrome c, and UCP1 proteins were increased compared to those in BAT from nonfed rats. A reduction in the NAD/NADH ratio was consistently associated with an increase in the oxygen consumption rate and basal/maximal respiration rate in ABS-treated BLA. Anthocyanins promote beiging in the body, contribute to the prevention of obesity, and are potentially useful functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjee Lee
- Research Institute of Obesity Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Korea
| | - Myoungsook Lee
- Research Institute of Obesity Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Korea
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21
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Wang HJ, Lee CS, Yee RSZ, Groom L, Friedman I, Babcock L, Georgiou DK, Hong J, Hanna AD, Recio J, Choi JM, Chang T, Agha NH, Romero J, Sarkar P, Voermans N, Gaber MW, Jung SY, Baker ML, Pautler RG, Dirksen RT, Riazi S, Hamilton SL. Adaptive thermogenesis enhances the life-threatening response to heat in mice with an Ryr1 mutation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5099. [PMID: 33037202 PMCID: PMC7547078 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the skeletal muscle Ca2+ release channel, the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RYR1), cause malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS) and a life-threatening sensitivity to heat, which is most severe in children. Mice with an MHS-associated mutation in Ryr1 (Y524S, YS) display lethal muscle contractures in response to heat. Here we show that the heat response in the YS mice is exacerbated by brown fat adaptive thermogenesis. In addition, the YS mice have more brown adipose tissue thermogenic capacity than their littermate controls. Blood lactate levels are elevated in both heat-sensitive MHS patients with RYR1 mutations and YS mice due to Ca2+ driven increases in muscle metabolism. Lactate increases brown adipogenesis in both mouse and human brown preadipocytes. This study suggests that simple lifestyle modifications such as avoiding extreme temperatures and maintaining thermoneutrality could decrease the risk of life-threatening responses to heat and exercise in individuals with RYR1 pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui J Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chang Seok Lee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rachel Sue Zhen Yee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Linda Groom
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Inbar Friedman
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lyle Babcock
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dimitra K Georgiou
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jin Hong
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy D Hanna
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Recio
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jong Min Choi
- Advance Technology Core, Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ting Chang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nadia H Agha
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Romero
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Poonam Sarkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicol Voermans
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - M Waleed Gaber
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Advance Technology Core, Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew L Baker
- Advance Technology Core, Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robia G Pautler
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sheila Riazi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susan L Hamilton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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22
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The Gintonin-Enriched Fraction of Ginseng Regulates Lipid Metabolism and Browning via the cAMP-Protein Kinase a Signaling Pathway in Mice White Adipocytes. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071048. [PMID: 32679738 PMCID: PMC7407952 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major health concern and is becoming an increasingly serious societal problem worldwide. The browning of white adipocytes has received considerable attention because of its potential protective effect against obesity-related metabolic disease. The gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) is a non-saponin, glycolipoprotein component of ginseng that is known to have neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the anti-obesity and browning effects of GEF have not been explored to date. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether GEF has a preventive effect against obesity. We differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and mouse primary subcutaneous adipocytes for 8 days in the presence or absence of GEF, and then measured the expression of intermediates in signaling pathways that regulate triglyceride (TG) synthesis and browning by Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. We found that GEF reduced lipid accumulation by reducing the expression of pro-adipogenic and lipogenic factors, and increased lipolysis and thermogenesis, which may be mediated by an increase in the phosphorylation of protein kinase A. These findings suggest that GEF may induce fat metabolism and energy expenditure in white adipocytes and therefore may represent a potential treatment for obesity.
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23
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Matsuo FS, Cavalcanti de Araújo PH, Mota RF, Carvalho AJR, Santos de Queiroz M, Baldo de Almeida B, Ferreira KCDOS, Metzner RJM, Ferrari GD, Alberici LC, Osako MK. RANKL induces beige adipocyte differentiation in preadipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E866-E877. [PMID: 32315212 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00397.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) (RANK), its ligand (RANKL), and the decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) are a triad of proteins that regulate bone metabolism, and serum OPG is considered a biomarker for cardiovascular diseases and Type 2 diabetes; however, the implications of OPG in adipose tissue metabolism remains elusive. In this study, we investigate RANK-RANKL-OPG signaling in white adipose tissue browning. Histological analysis of osteoprotegerin knockout (OPG-/-) mice showed subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) browning, resistance for high-fat diet-induced weight gain, and preserved glucose metabolism compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells from sWAT of OPG-/- mice showed multilocular morphology and higher expression of brown adipocyte marker genes compared with those from the WT group. Infusion of RANKL induced browning and elevated respiratory rates in sWAT, along with increased whole body oxygen consumption in mice measured by indirect calorimetry. Subcutaneous WAT-derived SVF and 3T3-L1 cells, but not mature white adipocytes, differentiated into beige adipose tissue in the presence of RANKL. Moreover, SVF cells, even under white adipocyte differentiation, showed multilocular lipid droplet, lower lipid content, and increased expression of beige adipocyte markers with RANKL stimulation. In this study, we show for the first time the contribution of RANKL to increase energy expenditure by inducing beige adipocyte differentiation in preadipocytes.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Adipocytes, Beige/cytology
- Adipocytes, Beige/metabolism
- Adipocytes, Beige/ultrastructure
- Adipocytes, White/cytology
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Adipocytes, White/ultrastructure
- Adipogenesis/genetics
- Adipose Tissue, Beige/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, Beige/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Calorimetry, Indirect
- Diet, High-Fat
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Energy Metabolism/genetics
- Lipid Droplets/ultrastructure
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Obesity/metabolism
- Osteoprotegerin/genetics
- Osteoprotegerin/metabolism
- Oxygen Consumption/drug effects
- Oxygen Consumption/genetics
- RANK Ligand/metabolism
- RANK Ligand/pharmacology
- Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Subcutaneous Fat/drug effects
- Subcutaneous Fat/metabolism
- Weight Gain/drug effects
- Weight Gain/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Sayuri Matsuo
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Cavalcanti de Araújo
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ryerson Fonseca Mota
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Júlia Rossoni Carvalho
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Santos de Queiroz
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Baldo de Almeida
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen Cristine de Oliveira Santos Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Jair Morandi Metzner
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Duarte Ferrari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Mariana Kiomy Osako
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Park S, Nayantai E, Komatsu T, Hayashi H, Mori R, Shimokawa I. NPY Deficiency Prevents Postmenopausal Adiposity by Augmenting Estradiol-Mediated Browning. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:1042-1049. [PMID: 30561530 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The orexigenic hormone neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays a pivotal role in the peripheral regulation of fat metabolism. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of sex on NPY function have not been extensively analyzed. In this study, we examined the effects of NPY deficiency on fat metabolism in male and female mice. Body weight was slightly decreased, whereas white adipose tissue (WAT) mass was significantly decreased as the thermogenic program was upregulated in NPY-/- female mice compared with that in wild-type mice; these factors were not altered in response to NPY deficiency in male mice. Moreover, lack of NPY resulted in an increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) expression in the pituitary gland, with concomitant activation of the estradiol-mediated thermogenic program in inguinal WAT, and alleviated age-related modification of adiposity in female mice. Taken together, these data revealed a novel intracellular mechanism of NPY in the regulation of fat metabolism and highlighted the sexual dimorphism of NPY as a promising target for drug development to reduce postmenopausal adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjoon Park
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Erkhembayar Nayantai
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Toshimitsu Komatsu
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Mori
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Isao Shimokawa
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
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25
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Ahn EM, Asamenew G, Kim HW, Lee SH, Yoo SM, Cho SM, Cha YS, Kang MS. Anti-Obesity Effects of Petasites japonicus (Meowi) Ethanol Extract on RAW 264.7 Macrophages and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Its Characterization of Polyphenolic Compounds. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051261. [PMID: 32365527 PMCID: PMC7282023 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Koreans have been consuming Petasites Japonicus (PJ) as food. Although the therapeutic effect of PJ on allergic or inflammatory reactions associated with asthma has been proven, its effect on obesity is unclear. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the obesity related anti-inflammatory and anti-adipogenic effects of ethanol extract PJ (EPJ) on the inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages and on differentiation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, the polyphenolic compound was quantitatively characterized from the EPJ using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector, quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-QToF-MS). In RAW 264.7 or 3T3-L1, reduction of nitric oxide (in macrophages) production as well as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α were observed. Treatment of EPJ in adipocyte differentiation showed an improvement in adiponectin and lipid accumulation and a significant reduction of PPARγ and FABP-4 mRNA expression levels. On the other hand, mRNA expression of UCP-1, PPARα, and ACO increased in the EPJ treated group. In addition, a total of 26 polyphenolic compounds were detected and of which 12 are reported for the first time from PJ. The higher content of diverse polyphenolic compounds presented in EPJ might be responsible for the observed anti-inflammatory and anti-adipogenic effect. These results suggest that PJ is valuable in improving obesity-related inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Ahn
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Korea
| | - Gelila Asamenew
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Korea
- Department of Agrofood Resources, Food and Nutrition Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea
| | - Heon Woong Kim
- Department of Agrofood Resources, Food and Nutrition Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Agrofood Resources, Food and Nutrition Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea
| | - Seon-Mi Yoo
- Department of Agrofood Resources, Food and Nutrition Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea
| | - Soo-Muk Cho
- Department of Agrofood Resources, Food and Nutrition Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Korea
| | - Min-Sook Kang
- Department of Agrofood Resources, Food and Nutrition Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-238-3581
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26
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Impact of Isoorientin on Metabolic Activity and Lipid Accumulation in Differentiated Adipocytes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081773. [PMID: 32294890 PMCID: PMC7221924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study explored the effect of isoorientin on the metabolic activity and lipid accumulation in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. To achieve this, the 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were differentiated for eight days and treated with various concentrations of isoorientin (0.1–100 μM) for four hours. Subsequently, the metabolic activity, lipid accumulation, and mitochondrial respiration were assessed. Furthermore, to unravel the molecular mechanisms that might elucidate the bioactivity of isoorientin, protein expression of the genes involved in insulin signaling and energy expenditure, such as AKT and AMPK, were investigated. The results showed that isoorientin, at different doses, could block lipid storage and enhance glycerol release, with a concomitant improvement of the metabolic activity and mitochondrial function. Although the observed beneficial effects of isoorientin on these cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes were not consistent at all concentrations, it was clear that doses between 1 and 10 μM were most effective compared to the untreated control. Moreover, the activity of isoorientin was comparable to tested positive controls of CL-316,2431, isoproterenol, insulin, and metformin. Mechanistically, protein expression of AKT and AMPK, was enhanced with isoorientin exposure, suggesting their partial role in modulating lipid metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. Indeed, our results showed that isoorientin has the ability to enhance mitochondrial respiration, as we observed an increase in the ATP and oxygen consumption rate. Therefore, we concluded that isoorientin has a potential to impact mitochondrial activity, lipid metabolism and energy expenditure using an in vitro experimental model of obesity.
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27
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Aquaglyceroporins Are Differentially Expressed in Beige and White Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020610. [PMID: 31963489 PMCID: PMC7014209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Browning of white adipocytes has been proposed as a powerful strategy to overcome metabolic complications, since brown adipocytes are more catabolic, expending energy as a heat form. However, the biological pathways involved in the browning process are still unclear. Aquaglyceroporins are a sub-class of aquaporin water channels that also permeate glycerol and are involved in body energy homeostasis. In the adipose tissue, aquaporin-7 (AQP7) is the most representative isoform, being crucial for white adipocyte fully differentiation and glycerol metabolism. The altered expression of AQP7 is involved in the onset of obesity and metabolic disorders. Herein, we investigated if aquaglyceroporins are implicated in beige adipocyte differentiation, similar to white cells. Thus, we optimized a protocol of murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes browning that displayed increased beige and decreased white adipose tissue features at both gene and protein levels and evaluated aquaporin expression patterns along the differentiation process together with cellular lipid content. Our results revealed that AQP7 and aquaporin-9 (AQP9) expression was downregulated throughout beige adipocyte differentiation compared to white differentiation, which may be related to the beige physiological role of heat production from oxidative metabolism, contrasting with the anabolic/catabolic lipid metabolism requiring glycerol gateways occurring in white adipose cells.
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28
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Wang J, Zhang L, Dong L, Hu X, Feng F, Chen F. 6-Gingerol, a Functional Polyphenol of Ginger, Promotes Browning through an AMPK-Dependent Pathway in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:14056-14065. [PMID: 31789021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the browning effect of 6-gingerol (6G), one of the main functional compounds in the ethyl acetate extract of ginger (ginger ethyl acetate fraction, GEF), and its underlying mechanisms. In this study, we first discovered that GEF stimulated brown adipocyte differentiation by upregulating the expression levels of browning-specific transcription makers (UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC-1α), thereby reducing lipogenesis transcriptional regulator (C/EBPα) expression in 3T3-L1-differentiated adipocytes. Then, 6G (47.81 ± 0.62 mg/g) was identified as one of the main functional compounds in GEF using high-performance liquid chromatography. 6G promoted adipocyte browning, as evidenced by an increase in some brown/beige fat-specific genes (PGC-1α, Cidea, Prdm16, Cited1, SIRT1, Tmem26, and Ucp1) and proteins (UCP1, CEBP/β, PGC-1α, and PRDM16) expression levels. Moreover, 6G greatly improved mitochondrial respiration and energy metabolism by upregulating the expression levels of some mitochondrial biogenesis markers (Tfam, Nrf1, SIRT1, and p-AMPK/AMPK) and increasing the uncoupled oxygen consumption rate of protons leaked in 3T3-L1 cells. Comparison of the experimental results obtained with an inhibitor (dorsomorphin) and an activator (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) suggested that the 6G-associated regulation of the energy metabolism effect was mediated partly through the AMPK signaling pathway. This study provides new insight into the promotion of fat browning and regulation of lipid metabolism by 6G and suggests that 6G likely has potential therapeutic effects on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
- Ningbo Research Institute , Zhejiang University , Ningbo 315100 , China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Li Dong
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Fengqin Feng
- Ningbo Research Institute , Zhejiang University , Ningbo 315100 , China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
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Bae IS, Kim SH. Expression and Secretion of an Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Beige-Like 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246128. [PMID: 31817347 PMCID: PMC6940835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The browning of white adipose tissue (beige adipocytes) stimulates energy expenditure. Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to induce thermogenic action in adipocytes via G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120). Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a peptide hormone that plays the role of maintaining normal blood pressure in kidneys to inhibit Na+ reuptake. Recently, ANP was found to induce adipocyte browning by binding to NPR1, an ANP receptor. However, the expression of ANP in adipocytes has not yet been studied. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the expression of ANP in beige-like adipocytes induced by docosahexaenoic acids (DHA), T3, or a PPAR agonist, rosiglitazone. First, we found that brown adipocyte-specific genes were upregulated in beige-like adipocytes. DHA promoted ANP expression in beige-like cells, whereas DHA-induced ANP expression was abolished by GPR120 knockout. ANP secretion of beige-like adipocytes was increased via PKC/ERK1/2 signaling in the GPR120 pathway. Furthermore, ANP secreted from beige-like adipocytes acted on HEK-293 cells, the recipient cells, leading to increased cGMP activity. After the NPR1 knockdown of HEK-293 cells, cGMP activity was not changed. Taken together, our findings indicate that beige-like adipocytes induce ANP secretion, which may contribute to improving obesity-associated metabolic disease.
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Sugiura C, Zheng G, Liu L, Sayama K. Catechins and Caffeine Promote Lipid Metabolism and Heat Production Through the Transformation of Differentiated 3T3-L1 Adipocytes from White to Beige Adipocytes. J Food Sci 2019; 85:192-200. [PMID: 31777962 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate effects of catechins and caffeine on lipid metabolism in adipocytes and identify the mechanism of action, differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated in culture media containing catechins at 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 µg/mL and caffeine at 50 and 100 µg/mL, singly or in combination, for 8 days. Intracellular lipid accumulation and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity were strongly suppressed by catechins and caffeine combination treatment. The mRNA expression of PPARɤ, GLUT4, HSL, UCP-1, and TMEM26 were significantly increased in the combined groups. These findings suggest that the combined treatment inhibited lipid synthesis and improved lipid metabolism in adipocytes. Moreover, it was indicated that the differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes could be transformed from white adipocytes to beige-like adipocytes by catechins and caffeine, and accordingly that this transformation could promote calorigenic action. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: In this study, we revealed that the combined treatment of catechins and caffeine inhibited lipid synthesis and improved lipid metabolism in adipocytes. Moreover, the treatment may contribute to the transforming from white adipocytes to beige-like adipocytes, which could strongly promote calorigenic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Sugiura
- Faculty of Health Promotional Sciences, Dept. of Health Promotional Sciences, Hamamatsu Univ., Hamamatsu, 431-2102, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka Univ., Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Guodong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Product Research and Development, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural Univ., Nanchang, 330029, China
| | - Litong Liu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka Univ., Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Sayama
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka Univ., Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
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Hung CS, Lin JC. Alternatively spliced MBNL1 isoforms exhibit differential influence on enhancing brown adipogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1863:194437. [PMID: 31730826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.194437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Browning of white adipocytes (WAs) (also referred as beige cells) was demonstrated to execute thermogenesis by consuming stored lipids as do brown adipocytes (BAs), and this is highly related to metabolic homeostasis. Alternative splicing (AS) constitutes a pivotal mechanism for defining cellular fates and functional specifications. Nevertheless, the impacts of AS regulation on the browning of WAs have not been comprehensively investigated. In this study, we first identified the discriminative expression and splicing profiles of the muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1) gene in postnatal brown adipose tissues (BATs) compared to those of embryonic BATs. A shift in the MBNL1+ex 5 isoform 7 (MBNL17) to MBNL1-ex 5 isoform 1 (MBNL11) was characterized throughout BAT development or during the in vitro browning of pre-WAs, 3T3-L1 cells. The interplay between MBNL1 and the exonic CCUG motif constitutes an autoregulatory mechanism for excluding MBNL1 exon 5. The simultaneous association of RNA-binding motif protein 4a (RBM4a) with exonic and intronic CU elements collaboratively mediates the skipping of MBNL1 exon 5. Overexpressing the MBNL11 isoform exhibited a more-prominent effect than that of the MBNL17 isoform on programming its own transcripts and beige cell-related splicing events in a CCUG motif-mediated manner. In addition to splicing regulation, overexpression of the MBNL11 and MBNL17 isoforms differentially enhanced beige adipogenic signatures of 3T3-L1 cells. Our findings demonstrated that MBNL1 constitutes an emerging and autoregulatory mechanism involved in development of beige cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Sheng Hung
- PhD Program in Medicine Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chun Lin
- PhD Program in Medicine Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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La Spina M, Galletta E, Azzolini M, Gomez Zorita S, Parrasia S, Salvalaio M, Salmaso A, Biasutto L. Browning Effects of a Chronic Pterostilbene Supplementation in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215377. [PMID: 31671737 PMCID: PMC6862528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and related comorbidities are a major health concern. The drugs used to treat these conditions are largely inadequate or dangerous, and a well-researched approach based on nutraceuticals would be highly useful. Pterostilbene (Pt), i.e., 3,5-dimethylresveratrol, has been reported to be effective in animal models of obesity, acting on different metabolic pathways. We investigate here its ability to induce browning of white adipose tissue. Pt (5 µM) was first tested on 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes, and then it was administered (352 µmol/kg/day) to mice fed an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) for 30 weeks, starting at weaning. In the cultured adipocytes, the treatment elicited a significant increase of the levels of Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1) protein—a key component of thermogenic, energy-dissipating beige/brown adipocytes. In vivo administration antagonized weight increase, more so in males than in females. Analysis of inguinal White Adipose Tissue (WAT) revealed a trend towards browning, with significantly increased transcription of several marker genes (Cidea, Ebf2, Pgc1α, PPARγ, Sirt1, and Tbx1) and an increase in UCP1 protein levels, which, however, did not achieve significance. Given the lack of known side effects of Pt, this study strengthens the candidacy of this natural phenol as an anti-obesity nutraceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina La Spina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Eva Galletta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Michele Azzolini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Saioa Gomez Zorita
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
| | - Sofia Parrasia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Marika Salvalaio
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Andrea Salmaso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
- Padova Unit, CNR Neuroscience Institute, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Lucia Biasutto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
- Padova Unit, CNR Neuroscience Institute, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Sim MO, Lee HJ, Jeong DE, Jang JH, Jung HK, Cho HW. 6′-O-acetyl mangiferin from Iris rossii Baker inhibits lipid accumulation partly via AMPK activation in adipogenesis. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 311:108755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kwon M, Lee B, Lim SJ, Choi JS, Kim HR. Sargahydroquinoic acid, a major compound in Sargassum serratifolium (C. Agardh) C. Agardh, widely activates lipid catabolic pathways, contributing to the formation of beige-like adipocytes. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Berberine Promotes Beige Adipogenic Signatures of 3T3-L1 Cells by Regulating Post-transcriptional Events. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060632. [PMID: 31234575 PMCID: PMC6627823 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced brown adipocytes (also referred to as beige cells) execute thermogenesis, as do the classical adipocytes by consuming stored lipids, being related to metabolic homeostasis. Treatment of phytochemicals, including berberine (BBR), was reported to induce conversion from white adipocytes to beige cells. In this study, results of microRNA (miRNA)-seq analyses revealed a decrease in miR-92a, of which the transcription is driven by the c13orf25 promoter in BBR-treated 3T3-L1 cells. BBR treatment manipulated the expressions of SP1 and MYC, in turn, reducing the activity of the c13orf25 promoter. A decrease in miR-92a led to an increase in RNA-binding motif protein 4a (RBM4a) expression, which facilitated the beige adipogenesis. Overexpression of miR-92a or depletion of RBM4a reversely interfered with the impact of BBR treatment on the beige adipogenic signatures, gene expressions, and splicing events in 3T3-L1 cells. Our findings demonstrated that BBR treatment enhanced beige adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells through transcription-coupled post-transcriptional regulation.
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Convergent genomic signatures of flight loss in birds suggest a switch of main fuel. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2756. [PMID: 31227702 PMCID: PMC6588704 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Flight loss in birds is as characteristic of the class Aves as flight itself. Although morphological and physiological differences are recognized in flight-degenerate bird species, their contributions to recurrent flight degeneration events across modern birds and underlying genetic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, in an analysis of 295 million nucleotides from 48 bird genomes, we identify two convergent sites causing amino acid changes in ATGLSer321Gly and ACOT7Ala197Val in flight-degenerate birds, which to our knowledge have not previously been implicated in loss of flight. Functional assays suggest that Ser321Gly reduces lipid hydrolytic ability of ATGL, and Ala197Val enhances acyl-CoA hydrolytic activity of ACOT7. Modeling simulations suggest a switch of main energy sources from lipids to carbohydrates in flight-degenerate birds. Our results thus suggest that physiological convergence plays an important role in flight degeneration, and anatomical convergence often invoked may not. Flight loss has occurred numerous times in bird evolution. Here, the authors examine convergent sites in the exonic and intronic sequences of 48 bird genomes, finding amino-acid changes in two genes, ATGL and ACOT7, with potential implications for a change in metabolism rather than anatomy.
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Hao L, Scott S, Abbasi M, Zu Y, Khan MSH, Yang Y, Wu D, Zhao L, Wang S. Beneficial Metabolic Effects of Mirabegron In Vitro and in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 369:419-427. [PMID: 30940691 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.255778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mirabegron, a β3-adrenergic receptor agonist, has been shown to stimulate the activity of brown fat and increase the resting metabolic rate in humans. However, it is unknown whether mirabegron can reduce body weight and improve metabolic health. We investigated the antiobesity effects of mirabegron using both in vitro and in vivo models. Mouse brown preadipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells were treated with different concentrations of mirabegron (0.03-3 µg/ml), and the expression of brown fat-related genes was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet for 10 weeks, and mirabegron (2 mg/kg body weight) or a vehicle control was delivered to the interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) using ALZET osmotic pumps from week 7 to 10. The metabolic parameters and tissues were analyzed. In both mouse brown preadipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells, mirabegron stimulated uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. In animal studies, mirabegron-treated mice had a lower body weight and adiposity. Lipid droplets in the iBAT of mirabegron-treated mice were fewer and smaller in size compared with those from vehicle-treated mice. H&E staining and immunohistochemistry indicated that mirabegron increased the abundance of beige cells in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Compared with vehicle-treated mice, mirabegron-treated mice had a higher gene expression of UCP1 (14-fold) and cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor alpha-like effector A (CIDEA) (4-fold) in iWAT. Furthermore, mirabegron-treated mice had improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Taken together, mirabegron enhances UCP1 expression and promotes browning of iWAT, which are accompanied by improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and prevention from high-fat diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., M.A., Y.Z., M.S.H.K., S.W.); Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee (Y.Y., L.Z.); and Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.)
| | - Sheyenne Scott
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., M.A., Y.Z., M.S.H.K., S.W.); Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee (Y.Y., L.Z.); and Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.)
| | - Mehrnaz Abbasi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., M.A., Y.Z., M.S.H.K., S.W.); Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee (Y.Y., L.Z.); and Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.)
| | - Yujiao Zu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., M.A., Y.Z., M.S.H.K., S.W.); Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee (Y.Y., L.Z.); and Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.)
| | - Md Shahjalal Hossain Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., M.A., Y.Z., M.S.H.K., S.W.); Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee (Y.Y., L.Z.); and Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.)
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., M.A., Y.Z., M.S.H.K., S.W.); Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee (Y.Y., L.Z.); and Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.)
| | - Dayong Wu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., M.A., Y.Z., M.S.H.K., S.W.); Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee (Y.Y., L.Z.); and Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.)
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., M.A., Y.Z., M.S.H.K., S.W.); Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee (Y.Y., L.Z.); and Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.)
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., M.A., Y.Z., M.S.H.K., S.W.); Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee (Y.Y., L.Z.); and Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.)
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Guggulsterone Activates Adipocyte Beiging through Direct Effects on 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Indirect Effects Mediated through RAW264.7 Macrophages. MEDICINES 2019; 6:medicines6010022. [PMID: 30709026 PMCID: PMC6473927 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Plant-derived phytochemicals have been of emerging interest as anti-obesity compounds due to their apparent effects on promoting reduced lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Despite such promising evidence, little is known about the potential mechanisms behind their anti-obesity effects. The aim of this study is to establish potential anti-obesity effects of the phytochemical guggulsterone (GS). Methods: Mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with GS, derived from the guggul plant native in northern India, to investigate its effects on mitochondrial biogenesis and adipocyte “beiging.” Further, to explore the relationship between macrophages and adipocytes, 3T3-L1s were treated with conditioned media from GS-treated RAW264.7 macrophages. Markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and beiging were measured by western blot. Results: GS treatment in adipocytes resulted in increased mitochondrial density, biogenesis (PGC1α and PPARγ), and increased markers of a beige adipocyte phenotype (UCP1, TBX1, and β-3AR). This upregulation in mitochondrial expression was accompanied by increases oxygen consumption. In GS-treated macrophages, markers of M2 polarization were elevated (e.g., arginase and IL-10), along with increased catecholamine release into the media. Lastly, 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with conditioned media from macrophages induced a 167.8% increase in UCP1 expression, suggestive of a role of macrophages in eliciting an anti-adipogenic response to GS. Conclusions: Results from this study provide the first mechanistic understanding of the anti-obesity effects of GS and suggests a role for both direct GS-signaling and indirect stimulation of M2 macrophage polarization in this model.
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Yuliana A, Daijo A, Jheng HF, Kwon J, Nomura W, Takahashi H, Ara T, Kawada T, Goto T. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Impaired Uncoupling Protein 1 Expression via the Suppression of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Binding Activity in Mice Beige Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020274. [PMID: 30641938 PMCID: PMC6359291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis is critical in maintaining metabolic regulation. Once it is disrupted due to accumulated unfolded proteins, ER homeostasis is restored via activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR); hence, the UPR affects diverse physiological processes. However, how ER stress influences adipocyte functions is not well known. In this study, we investigated the effect of ER stress in thermogenic capacity of mice beige adipocytes. Here, we show that the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) involved in thermoregulation is severely suppressed under ER stress conditions (afflicted by tunicamycin) in inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) both in vitro and in vivo. Further investigation showed that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were both activated after ER stress stimulation and regulated the mRNA levels of Ucp1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparγ), which is known as a Ucp1 transcriptional activator, in vitro and ex vivo. We also found that Pparγ protein was significantly degraded, reducing its recruitment to the Ucp1 enhancer, thereby downregulating Ucp1 expression. Additionally, only JNK inhibition, but not ERK, rescued the Pparγ protein. These findings provide novel insights into the regulatory effect of ER stress on Ucp1 expression via Pparγ suppression in beige adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Yuliana
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Asumi Daijo
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Huei-Fen Jheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Jungin Kwon
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Wataru Nomura
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, the Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Haruya Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Ara
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, the Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, the Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Nimri L, Staikin K, Peri I, Yehuda-Shnaidman E, Schwartz B. Ostreolysin induces browning of adipocytes and ameliorates hepatic steatosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:1990-2000. [PMID: 29663549 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with all features of the metabolic syndrome. Deposition of excess triglycerides in liver cells, a hallmark of NAFLD, is associated with loss of insulin sensitivity. Ostreolysin (Oly) is a 15-kDa fungal protein known to interact with cholesterol-enriched raft-like membrane domains. We aim to test whether a recombinant version of Oly (rOly) can induce functional changes in vitro in adipocytes or in vivo in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS White preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells or mouse primary adipocytes treated with rOly. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control or HFD and treated with saline or with rOly (1 mg/kg BW) every other day for 4 weeks. RESULTS White preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells or mouse primary adipocytes treated with rOly acquire a browning phenotype through activation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and downregulation of tumor necrosis factor α-mediated activation of IκB kinase ε and TANK-binding kinase 1. HFD-fed mice treated with rOly showed a 10% reduction in BW and improved glucose tolerance, which paralleled improved expression of liver and adipose functionality, metabolism, and inflammation status, mimicking the in vitro findings. CONCLUSION This study provides first evidence of rOly's prevention of HFD-induced NAFLD by stimulating liver and adipose muscle tissue functionality and oxidative potential, improving glucose tolerance, and ameliorating the metabolic profile of diet-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Nimri
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Katerina Staikin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irena Peri
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Einav Yehuda-Shnaidman
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Betty Schwartz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Troglitazone activates TRPV1 and causes deacetylation of PPARγ in 3T3-L1 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:445-453. [PMID: 30496795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Published research suggests that activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1 (TRPV1) enhances the expression and deacetylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) to cause browning of white adipose tissue. Here, we show that TRPV1 activation by capsaicin significantly prevents high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. This is associated with an increase in the expression and deacetylation of PPARγ in the epididymal fat of these mice. Consistent with the TRPV1 activation in vivo, overexpression of TRPV1 enhanced the PPARγ and other thermogenic genes in cultured 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. To determine the interaction between TRPV1 and PPARγ signaling, we analyzed the effect of Troglitazone (Trog; a thiazolidinedione derivative and an agonist of PAARγ) treatment on cultured 3T3-L1 cells. Trog enhanced the expression of TRPV1, PPARγ and thermogenic proteins in undifferentiated 3T3-L1 cells but not in differentiated cells. Acute application of Trog stimulated a robust Ca2+ influx into 3T3-L1 cells and TRPV1 inhibition by capsazepine prevented this. More interestingly, Trog or capsaicin treatment caused the deacetylation of PPARγ in 3T3-L1 cells and inhibition of TRPV1 or Sirtuin 1 - prevented this. Our data suggest a novel effect of Trog to induce PPARγ deacetylation by activating TRPV1. This research has a significant implication on the role of TRPV1 and PPARγ signaling in the browning of white adipose tissue.
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Suzuki M, Murakami M, Shirai M, Hashimoto O, Kawada T, Matsui T, Funaba M. Role of estradiol and testosterone in Ucp1
expression in brown/beige adipocytes. Cell Biochem Funct 2018; 36:450-456. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mika Suzuki
- Division of Applied Biosciences; Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto Japan
| | - Masaru Murakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine; Sagamihara Japan
| | - Mitsuyuki Shirai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine; Sagamihara Japan
| | - Osamu Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science; Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine; Towada Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto Japan
| | - Tohru Matsui
- Division of Applied Biosciences; Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto Japan
| | - Masayuki Funaba
- Division of Applied Biosciences; Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto Japan
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Lemecha M, Morino K, Imamura T, Iwasaki H, Ohashi N, Ida S, Sato D, Sekine O, Ugi S, Maegawa H. MiR-494-3p regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and thermogenesis through PGC1-α signalling in beige adipocytes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15096. [PMID: 30305668 PMCID: PMC6180067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical in heat generation in brown and beige adipocytes. Mitochondrial number and function are regulated in response to external stimuli, such as cold exposure and β3 adrenergic receptor agonist. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating mitochondrial biogenesis during browning, especially by microRNAs, remain unknown. We investigated the role of miR-494-3p in mitochondrial biogenesis during adipogenesis and browning. Intermittent mild cold exposure of mice induced PPARγ coactivator1-α (PGC1-α) and mitochondrial TFAM, PDH, and ANT1/2 expression along with uncoupling protein-1 (Ucp1) in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). miR-494-3p levels were significantly downregulated in iWAT upon cold exposure (p < 0.05). miR-494-3p overexpression substantially reduced PGC1-α expression and its downstream targets TFAM, PDH and MTCO1 in 3T3-L1 white and beige adipocytes (p < 0.05). miR-494-3p inhibition in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes resulted in increased PDH (p < 0.05). PGC1-α, TFAM and Ucp1 mRNA levels were robustly downregulated by miR-494-3p overexpression in 3T3-L1 beige adipocytes, along with strongly decreased oxygen consumption rate. PGC1-α and Ucp1 proteins were downregulated by miR-494-3p in primary beige cells (p < 0.05). Luciferase assays confirmed PGC1-α as a direct gene target of miR-494-3p. Our findings demonstrate that decreased miR-494-3p expression during browning regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and thermogenesis through PGC1-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengistu Lemecha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Katsutaro Morino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Imamura
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Iwasaki
- Division of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Natsuko Ohashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Shogo Ida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Osamu Sekine
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ugi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
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Flavonoids, Potential Bioactive Compounds, and Non-Shivering Thermogenesis. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091168. [PMID: 30149637 PMCID: PMC6164844 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity results from the body having either high energy intake or low energy expenditure. Based on this energy equation, scientists have focused on increasing energy expenditure to prevent abnormal fat accumulation. Activating the human thermogenic system that regulates body temperature, particularly non-shivering thermogenesis in either brown or white adipose tissue, has been suggested as a promising solution to increase energy expenditure. Together with the increasing interest in understanding the mechanism by which plant-derived dietary compounds prevent obesity, flavonoids were recently shown to have the potential to regulate non-shivering thermogenesis. In this article, we review the latest research on flavonoid derivatives that increase energy expenditure through non-shivering thermogenesis.
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TGF-β receptor 1 regulates progenitors that promote browning of white fat. Mol Metab 2018; 16:160-171. [PMID: 30100246 PMCID: PMC6158128 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Beige/brite adipose tissue displays morphological characteristics and beneficial metabolic traits of brown adipose tissue. Previously, we showed that TGF-β signaling regulates the browning of white adipose tissue. Here, we inquired whether TGF-β signals regulated presumptive beige progenitors in white fat and investigated the TGF-β regulated mechanisms involved in beige adipogenesis. Methods We deleted TGF-β receptor 1 (TβRI) in adipose tissue (TβRIAdKO mice) and, using flow-cytometry based assays, identified and isolated presumptive beige progenitors located in the stromal vascular cells of white fat. These cells were molecularly characterized to examine beige/brown marker expression and to investigate TGF-β dependent mechanisms. Further, the cells were transplanted into athymic nude mice to examine their adipogenesis potential. Results Deletion of TβRI promotes beige adipogenesis while reducing the detrimental effects of high fat diet feeding. Interaction of TGF-β signaling with the prostaglandin pathway regulated the appearance of beige adipocytes in white fat. Using flow cytometry techniques and stromal vascular fraction from white fat, we isolated presumptive beige stem/progenitor cells (iBSCs). Upon genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of TGF-β signaling, these cells express high levels of predominantly beige markers. Transplantation of TβRI-deficient stromal vascular cells or iBSCs into athymic nude mice followed by high fat diet feeding and stimulation of β-adrenergic signaling via CL316,243 injection or cold exposure promoted robust beige adipogenesis in vivo. Conclusions TβRI signals target the prostaglandin network to regulate presumptive beige progenitors in white fat capable of developing into beige adipocytes with functional attributes. Controlled inhibition of TβRI signaling and concomitant PGE2 stimulation has the potential to promote beige adipogenesis and improve metabolism. Loss of TβRI in adipose tissue promotes beige adipogenesis. TβRI regulates presumptive beige adipocyte progenitors in white fat. TβRI signals interact with the PGE2/Cox2 pathway during beige adipogenesis. TβRI regulates thermogenesis, mitochondrial bioenergetics and beige adipogenesis.
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46
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Unno Y, Yamamoto H, Takatsuki S, Sato Y, Kuranaga T, Yazawa K, Ono Y, Wakimoto T. Palmitoyl lactic acid induces adipogenesis and a brown fat-like phenotype in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:772-782. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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47
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Tseng HH, Yeh WC, Tu YC, Yang BF, Lai YT, Lee HK, Yang YC, Huang HC, Lee YJ, Ou CC, Kuo HP, Kuo YH, Kao MC, Liu JY. Proteomic profiling of Ganoderma tsugae ethanol extract-induced adipogenesis displaying browning features. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:1643-1666. [PMID: 29683472 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma is classified as a top grade traditional Chinese medicine for promoting human health by regulating 'vital energy'. Its potency towards metabolism and energy homeostasis, particularly, metabolic adaptations of adipocytes, needs to be re-evaluated through an evidence-based study. Here, the triterpenoid-rich Ganoderma tsugae ethanol extract (GTEE) was found to contribute towards adipogenesis accompanied with elevated intracellular lipid metabolic flux. Additionally, proteomic profiling revealed GTEE-upregulated mitochondrial remodeling and chemical energy redox modifications, which display UCP1-positive browning fat-selective features and a NADH-mediated adaptive mechanism. GTEE-treated mice with diet-induced obesity also resulted in the amelioration of white adipocyte hypertrophy and the appearance of UCP1-positive browning adipocytes. Our novel findings unravel that GTEE could promote intracellular metabolic flexibility and plasticity followed by the induction of adipocyte browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Hsueh Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wan-Chun Yeh
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yun-Chen Tu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bi-Fen Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Ting Lai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsien-Kuang Lee
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yo-Chang Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Jen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Chih Ou
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Han-Peng Kuo
- Research and Development Unit, Sinphar Group, I-Lan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,Tsuzuki Institute for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Ching Kao
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jah-Yao Liu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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48
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Seldin MM, Koplev S, Rajbhandari P, Vergnes L, Rosenberg GM, Meng Y, Pan C, Phuong TMN, Gharakhanian R, Che N, Mäkinen S, Shih DM, Civelek M, Parks BW, Kim ED, Norheim F, Chella Krishnan K, Hasin-Brumshtein Y, Mehrabian M, Laakso M, Drevon CA, Koistinen HA, Tontonoz P, Reue K, Cantor RM, Björkegren JLM, Lusis AJ. A Strategy for Discovery of Endocrine Interactions with Application to Whole-Body Metabolism. Cell Metab 2018; 27:1138-1155.e6. [PMID: 29719227 PMCID: PMC5935137 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inter-tissue communication via secreted proteins has been established as a vital mechanism for proper physiologic homeostasis. Here, we report a bioinformatics framework using a mouse reference population, the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel (HMDP), which integrates global multi-tissue expression data and publicly available resources to identify and functionally annotate novel circuits of tissue-tissue communication. We validate this method by showing that we can identify known as well as novel endocrine factors responsible for communication between tissues. We further show the utility of this approach by identification and mechanistic characterization of two new endocrine factors. Adipose-derived Lipocalin-5 is shown to enhance skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, and liver-secreted Notum promotes browning of white adipose tissue, also known as "beiging." We demonstrate the general applicability of the method by providing in vivo evidence for three additional novel molecules mediating tissue-tissue interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus M Seldin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simon Koplev
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Prashant Rajbhandari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gregory M Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yonghong Meng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thuy M N Phuong
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raffi Gharakhanian
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nam Che
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Selina Mäkinen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Diana M Shih
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mete Civelek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brian W Parks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eric D Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Margarete Mehrabian
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rita M Cantor
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Choi M, Mukherjee S, Kang NH, Barkat JL, Parray HA, Yun JW. L-rhamnose induces browning in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes and activates HIB1B brown adipocytes. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:563-573. [PMID: 29638041 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Induction of the brown adipocyte-like phenotype in white adipocytes (browning) is considered as a novel strategy to fight obesity due to the ability of brown adipocytes to increase energy expenditure. Here, we report that L-rhamnose induced browning by elevating expression levels of beige-specific marker genes, including Cd137, Cited1, Tbx1, Prdm16, Tmem26, and Ucp1, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, L-rhamnose markedly elevated expression levels of proteins involved in thermogenesis both in 3T3-L1 white and HIB1B brown adipocytes. L-rhamnose treatment in 3T3-L1 adipocytes also significantly elevated protein levels of p-HSL, p-AMPK, ACOX, and CPT1 as well as reduced levels of ACC, FAS, C/EBPα, and PPARγ, suggesting its possible role in enhancement of lipolysis and lipid catabolism as well as reduced adipogenesis and lipogenesis, respectively. The quick technique of efficient molecular docking provided insight into the strong binding of L-rhamnose to the fat-digesting glycine residue of β3 -adrenergic receptor (AR), indicating strong involvement of L-rhamnose in fat metabolism. Further examination of the molecular mechanism of L-rhamnose revealed that it induced browning of 3T3-L1 adipocytes via coordination of multiple signaling pathways through β3 -AR, SIRT1, PKA, and p-38. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that L-rhamnose plays multiple modulatory roles in the induction of white fat browning, activation of brown adipocytes, as well as promotion of lipid metabolism, thereby demonstrating its therapeutic potential for treatment of obesity. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(6):563-573, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sulagna Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hyeon Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jameel Lone Barkat
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hilal Ahmad Parray
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
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50
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Evaluation and optimization of differentiation conditions for human primary brown adipocytes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5304. [PMID: 29593245 PMCID: PMC5871774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As an effective way to improve energy expenditure, increasing the mass and activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) has become a promising treatment for obesity and its associated disorders. Many efforts have been made to promote brown adipogenesis and increase the thermogenic capacity of brown adipose cells (BACs). The present culture schemes for human BAC differentiation are mostly derived from white adipocyte differentiation schemes. To solve this issue, we compared the adipogenic and thermogenic effects of various components on human BAC differentiation and optimized their concentrations as well as the culture time for BAC differentiation. In this study, we found that the induction factors did not show a dose-dependent promotion of brown adipogenesis or thermogenic capacity. The higher differentiation levels did not inevitably result in higher BAT-specific gene expression levels or increased β3-receptor agonist sensitivity. As an important element of culture medium, triiodothyronine was found to be essential for differentiation and metabolic property maintenance. Furthermore, compared with other reported methods, this protocol induced a specific intrinsic differentiation program. Our study provides not only an optimized method for human BAC differentiation but also a cell model with good differentiation and thermogenic capacity for brown adipose research.
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