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Flint HE, Hunt ABG, Logan DW, King T. Daily dosing of cannabidiol (CBD) demonstrates a positive effect on measures of stress in dogs during repeated exposure to car travel. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skad414. [PMID: 38244994 PMCID: PMC10810271 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Dogs are routinely exposed to events that may elicit stress and result in negative emotional states which can impact pet dog welfare. One event many dogs living with people are routinely exposed to is car travel, with many dogs displaying behaviors, along with corresponding physiological responses, that are indicative of stress and anxiety. There are a range of management and treatment options that exist from behavior modification, drug therapy, and supplements, often with varying results. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether multiple doses of a tetrahydrocannabinol-free cannabidiol (CBD) distillate over a period of 6 mo could positively influence measures of stress in dogs. In a blinded, parallel design study, dogs (n = 19) underwent a series of short car journeys (test) where a range of physiological and behavioral measures were collected pre, during, and post-test. The car journeys elicited stress in this population of dogs, as indicated by significant changes (P < 0.05) in several stress-related measures (serum cortisol, heart rate, heart rate variability, whining, lip licking, yawning, and qualitative behavioral ratings) observed from baseline to test, which persisted over repeated car travel events. The mitigating effect of CBD treatment varied by measure, with cortisol, whining, lip licking, and qualitative behavioral ratings indicating a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in canine stress compared to the placebo group for at least one time point. Additional research investigating a range of dog populations and stressors is required to fully understand the complex effect of CBD on canine emotional wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Flint
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham on the Wolds, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Alysia B G Hunt
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham on the Wolds, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Darren W Logan
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham on the Wolds, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Tammie King
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham on the Wolds, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UK
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2
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Granat FA, Trumel C, Braun JPD, Bourgès-Abella NH. Quality of hematology and clinical chemistry results in laboratory and zoo nonhuman primates: Effects of the preanalytical phase. A review. J Med Primatol 2023; 52:414-427. [PMID: 37612808 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Most errors in clinical pathology originate in the preanalytical phase, which includes all steps from the preparation of animals and equipment to the collection of the specimen and its management until analyzed. Blood is the most common specimen collected in nonhuman primates. Other specimens collected include urine, saliva, feces, and hair. The primary concern is the variability of blood hematology and biochemistry results due to sampling conditions with the effects of capture, restraint, and/or anesthesia. Housing and diet have fewer effects, with the exception of food restriction to reduce obesity. There has been less investigation regarding the impact of sampling conditions of nonblood specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny A Granat
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS U5077, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire central de biologie médicale, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Laboratoire central de biologie médicale, ENVT, Toulouse, France
- CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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3
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Jackson MN, Truelove MA, Williams K, Chen J, Moore RH, Wood JS, Cohen JK, Mollie B. Effects of pair housing on behavior, cortisol, and clinical outcomes during quarantine-like procedures for rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). J Med Primatol 2023; 52:108-120. [PMID: 36744630 PMCID: PMC10228144 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compatible pair housing of macaques in research settings increases species-typical behaviors and facilitates beneficial social buffering. It is not yet established whether these benefits are maintained after intrafacility transfer and domestic quarantine, which are two stressors that can lead to behavioral and clinical abnormalities. METHODS We evaluated 40 adolescent male rhesus macaques who were single- or pair-housed immediately following an intrafacility transfer. We measured behavior, fecal cortisol, body weight, and diarrhea occurrence. Body weight and diarrhea occurrence were also retrospectively analyzed in an additional 120 adolescent rhesus who underwent a similar transfer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Pair-housed macaques exhibited less of some undesirable behaviors (e.g., self-clasping) and experienced less diarrhea than single-housed subjects; however, no significant differences in cortisol levels or alopecia measures were found. The demonstrated beneficial effects of pair housing for rhesus macaques following intrafacility transfer and adjustment suggest pairing upon arrival at a new facility will bolster animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina N Jackson
- Animal Resources, Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Melissa A Truelove
- Behavioral Management, Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kimberly Williams
- Behavioral Management, Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jiandong Chen
- Biostatistics Collaboration Core, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Reneé H Moore
- Biostatistics Collaboration Core, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer S Wood
- Animal Resources, Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joyce K Cohen
- Animal Resources, Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bloomsmith Mollie
- Behavioral Management, Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Romaniuk AC, Diana A, Barnard S, Weller JE, Espinosa UB, Dangoudoubiyam S, Shreyer T, Arnott G, Croney C. The Effect of Transportation on Puppy Welfare from Commercial Breeding Kennels to a Distributor. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:3379. [PMID: 36496902 PMCID: PMC9737031 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Many puppies from commercial breeding kennels (CBKs) are transported by ground from their kennels of origin to a distributor. This experience may elicit fear and stress during a sensitive developmental period, which may in turn negatively impact the puppies’ short- and long-term welfare. This study aimed to measure short-term effects of transportation on puppy welfare metrics. Eight-week-old puppies (n = 383) from 12 CBKs were tested at their kennels (pre-trans) and ~48 h after arriving at a distributor (post-trans). At each location, puppies underwent an isolation test, a stranger-approach test, and a physical health assessment. Behavioral responses to testing were scored from videos. Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM), fecal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), and presence of intestinal parasites were also analyzed. Linear mixed-effects models identified decreased exploration (p < 0.001), and increased locomotion (p < 0.001) and escape attempts (p = 0.001) during the post-trans isolation test. Increased affiliative behavior (p < 0.001), FGM (p < 0.001) and sIgA (p = 0.014) were also observed post-trans. Findings support good physical health both pre- and post-trans, while behavioral and physiological changes suggest increased puppy distress post-trans. Higher post-transport affiliative behavior may indicate that puppies sought social support as a coping strategy after experiencing transport-related distress. Future studies should explore the efficacy of transportation-related interventions to mitigate puppy distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynsley C. Romaniuk
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, 725 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Alessia Diana
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, 725 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Shanis Barnard
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, 725 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Weller
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, 725 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
- Animal Welfare Unit—Livestock Production Sciences Branch, Sustainable Agri-Food Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough BT26 6DR, UK
| | | | - Sriveny Dangoudoubiyam
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, 725 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Traci Shreyer
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, 725 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Gareth Arnott
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Candace Croney
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, 725 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
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Yang K, Jian S, Wen C, Guo D, Liao P, Wen J, Kuang T, Han S, Liu Q, Deng B. Gallnut Tannic Acid Exerts Anti-stress Effects on Stress-Induced Inflammatory Response, Dysbiotic Gut Microbiota, and Alterations of Serum Metabolic Profile in Beagle Dogs. Front Nutr 2022; 9:847966. [PMID: 35571952 PMCID: PMC9094144 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.847966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress exposure is a potential threat to humans who live or work in extreme environments, often leading to oxidative stress, inflammatory response, intestinal dysbiosis, and metabolic disorders. Gallnut tannic acid (TA), a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, has become a compelling source due to its favorable anti-diarrheal, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial activities. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the anti-stress effects of gallnut TA on the stress-induced inflammatory response, dysbiotic gut microbiota, and alterations of serum metabolic profile using beagle models. A total of 13 beagle dogs were randomly divided into the stress (ST) and ST + TA groups. Dietary supplementation with TA at 2.5 g/kg was individually fed to each dog in the ST + TA group for 14 consecutive days. On day 7, all dogs were transported for 3 h from a stressful environment (days 1–7) to a livable site (days 8–14). In our results, TA relieved environmental stress-induced diarrheal symptoms in dogs and were shown to protect from myocardial injury and help improve immunity by serum biochemistry and hematology analysis. Also, TA inhibited the secretion of serum hormones [cortisol (COR), glucocorticoid (GC), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)] and the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 to protect dogs from stress-induced injury, thereby relieving oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that TA stimulated the growth of beneficial bacteria (Allobaculum, Dubosiella, Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002, and Faecalibaculum) and suppressed the growth of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia-Shigella and Streptococcus), thereby increasing fecal butyrate levels. Serum metabolomics further showed that phytosphingosine, indoleacetic acid, arachidonic acid, and biotin, related to the metabolism of sphingolipid, tryptophan, arachidonic acid, and biotin, respectively, could serve as potential biomarkers of stress exposure. Furthermore, Spearman’s correlation analysis showed strong relationships between the four potential serum biomarkers and differential bacteria. Overall, gallnut TA may be a potential prebiotic for the prevention and treatment of stress-induced metabolic disorders by targeting intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyan Jian
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyu Wen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Guo
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pinfeng Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Wen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Kuang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sufang Han
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingshen Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baichuan Deng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Tateo A, Nanni Costa L, Padalino B. The welfare of dogs and cats during transport in Europe: a literature review. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2043194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Tateo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Nanni Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Univeristà di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Padalino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Univeristà di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Bau-Gaudreault L, Arndt T, Provencher A, Brayton CF. Research-Relevant Clinical Pathology Resources: Emphasis on Mice, Rats, Rabbits, Dogs, Minipigs, and Non-Human Primates. ILAR J 2021; 62:203-222. [PMID: 34877602 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical pathology testing for investigative or biomedical research and for preclinical toxicity and safety assessment in laboratory animals is a distinct specialty requiring an understanding of species specific and other influential variables on results and interpretation. This review of clinical pathology principles and testing recommendations in laboratory animal species aims to provide a useful resource for researchers, veterinary specialists, toxicologists, and clinical or anatomic pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Bau-Gaudreault
- Clinical Laboratories, Charles River Laboratories - ULC, Senneville, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tara Arndt
- Labcorp Drug Development, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Anne Provencher
- Clinical Laboratories, Charles River Laboratories - ULC, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cory F Brayton
- Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, John Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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8
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Shelton KA, Nehete BP, Chitta S, Williams LE, Schapiro SJ, Simmons J, Abee CR, Nehete PN. Effects of Transportation and Relocation on Immunologic Measures in Cynomolgus Macaques ( Macaca fascicularis). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2019; 58:774-782. [PMID: 31604484 PMCID: PMC6926399 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
NHP are a small, but critical, portion of the animals studied in research laboratories. Many NHP are imported or raised at one facility and subsequently moved to another facility for research purposes. To improve our understanding of the effects of transportation and relocation on the NHP immune system, to minimize potential confounds associated with relocation, and to maximize study validity, we examined the phenotype and function of PBMC in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) that were transported approximately 200 miles by road from one facility to another. We evaluated the phenotype of lymphocyte subsets through flow cytometry, mitogen-specific immune responses of PBMC in vitro, and plasma levels of circulating cytokines before transportation, at approximately 24 h after arrival (day 2), and after 30 d of acclimation. Analyses of blood samples revealed that the CD3+ and CD4+ T-cell counts increased significantly, whereas NK+, NKT, and CD14+ CD16+ nonclassical monocyte subsets were decreased significantly on day 2 after relocation compared with baseline. We also noted significantly increased immune cell function as indicated by mitogen-specific proliferative responses and by IFNγ levels on day 2 compared with baseline. After 30 d of acclimation, peripheral blood CD4+ T-cells and monocyte counts were higher than baseline, whereas B-cell numbers were lower. The mitogen-induced responses to LPS and IFNγ production after stimulation with pokeweed mitogen or phytohemagglutinin remained significantly different from baseline. In conclusion, the effects of transportation and relocation on immune parameters in cynomolgus monkeys are significant and do not fully return to baseline values even after 30 d of acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Shelton
- Department of Comparative Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Bastrop, Texas
| | - Bharti P Nehete
- Department of Comparative Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Bastrop, Texas;,
| | - Sriram Chitta
- Department of Comparative Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Bastrop, Texas
| | - Lawrence E Williams
- Department of Comparative Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Bastrop, Texas; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, Texas
| | - Steven J Schapiro
- Department of Comparative Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Bastrop, Texas; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joe Simmons
- Department of Comparative Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Bastrop, Texas
| | - Christian R Abee
- Department of Comparative Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Bastrop, Texas
| | - Pramod N Nehete
- Department of Comparative Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Bastrop, Texas; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, Texas
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9
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Liu X, Zheng X, Liu Y, Du X, Chen Z. Effects of adaptation to handling on the circadian rhythmicity of blood solutes in Mongolian gerbils. Animal Model Exp Med 2019; 2:127-131. [PMID: 31392306 PMCID: PMC6600653 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mongolian gerbil has been widely used in many research fields and has been reported to be a diurnal laboratory animal. The circadian rhythmicity of these gerbils was investigated in the present study by measuring two hormones that show daily oscillations, cortisol and ACTH, in serum using ELISA kits. The levels of the two hormones were highest at 8:00 am and their rhythmic changes were similar to those in humans. In addition, the influence of stress of handling and blood collection on the physiological parameters of the gerbils was examined. After adaptation to handling for 1 week, some serum parameters in the animals changed. Handling and blood collection did not impact significantly on the following parameters: creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and albumin (ALB). However, blood glucose (GLU), total protein (TP) and globulin (GLB) significantly increased while creatinine (CRE) and albumin/globulin (A/G) significantly decreased after adaptation. This work further confirms that the Mongolian gerbil is a diurnal animal and also indicates that a suitable adaptation procedure is necessary for getting reliable results when performing experiments using these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Liu
- School of Basic Medical ScienceCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiang Zheng
- School of Basic Medical ScienceCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yihan Liu
- School of Basic Medical ScienceCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- School of Basic Medical ScienceCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Laboratory AnimalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- School of Basic Medical ScienceCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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10
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Nehete PN, Shelton KA, Nehete BP, Chitta S, Williams LE, Schapiro SJ, Abee CR. Effects of transportation, relocation, and acclimation on phenotypes and functional characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocytes in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188694. [PMID: 29261698 PMCID: PMC5736198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonhuman primates from domestic sources constitute a small, but critical, proportion of animals studied in research laboratories. Many of these nonhuman primates are raised at one facility and subsequently transported/relocated to another facility for research purposes. We examined the effects of transport, relocation, and acclimation on the phenotype and function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a group of rhesus monkeys that were transported by road for approximately 21 hours from one facility to another. Using a panel of human antibodies and a set of standardized human immune assays, we evaluated the phenotype of lymphocyte subsets by flow, mitogen-specific immune responses of PBMCs in vitro, and levels of circulating cytokines and cortisol in plasma at various time points including immediately before transport, immediately upon arrival, and after approximately 30 days of acclimation. Analyses of blood samples revealed that CD3+ T-cell and CD20+ B-cell populations had decreased significantly immediately after relocation but had recovered within 30 days after arrival at the new facility. Similarly, circulating cortisol and cytokine levels in plasma were significantly higher immediately after relocation; and by the 30-day time point, these differences were no longer significant. However, immune assays of PBMCs indicated that mitogen-specific responses for proliferation, interferon γ (IFN-γ), and perforin were significantly higher after relocation and 30 days of acclimation. These findings have implications on the research participation of transported and relocated nonhuman primates in immunologic research studies, suggesting that 30 days is not sufficient to ensure return to baseline immune homeostasis. These data should be considered when planning research studies in order to minimize potential confounding factors associated with relocation and to maximize study validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod N. Nehete
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, United States of America
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kathryn A. Shelton
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bharti P. Nehete
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sriram Chitta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lawrence E. Williams
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, United States of America
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Steven J. Schapiro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian R. Abee
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, United States of America
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11
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Aulbach A, Provencher A, Tripathi N. Influence of Study Design Variables on Clinical Pathology Data. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 45:288-295. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623316677066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A number of factors related to study design have the potential to impact clinical pathology test results during the conduct of nonclinical safety studies. A thorough understanding of these factors is paramount in drawing accurate conclusions from clinical pathology data generated during such studies, particularly when attempting to make the distinction between test article and nontest article–related effects. Study design and conduct variables with potential to impact clinical pathology data discussed in this overview include those related to species and test system, animal age, animal care and husbandry practices, fasting, acclimatization periods, effects of transportation and stressors, route of administration, effects of in-life and surgical procedures, influence of study length, timing of blood collections, impact of vehicle/formulation composition, and some general concepts related to drug class. The material presented here is a summary based on information presented at the 35th Annual Symposium of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology (June 2016), during Symposium Session 2 titled “Deciphering Sources of Variability in Clinical Pathology—It’s Not Just about the Numbers.”
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12
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Tripathi NK, Everds NE, Schultze AE, Irizarry AR, Hall RL, Provencher A, Aulbach A. Deciphering Sources of Variability in Clinical Pathology. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 45:90-93. [PMID: 27803290 DOI: 10.1177/0192623316675766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this session were to explore causes of variability in clinical pathology data due to preanalytical and analytical variables as well as study design and other procedures that occur in toxicity testing studies. The presenters highlighted challenges associated with such variability in differentiating test article-related effects from the effects of experimental procedures and its impact on overall data interpretation. These presentations focused on preanalytical and analytical variables and study design-related factors and their influence on clinical pathology data, and the importance of various factors that influence data interpretation including statistical analysis and reference intervals. Overall, these presentations touched upon potential effect of many variables on clinical pathology parameters, including animal physiology, sample collection process, specimen handling and analysis, study design, and some discussion points on how to manage those variables to ensure accurate interpretation of clinical pathology data in toxicity studies. This article is a brief synopsis of presentations given in a session entitled "Deciphering Sources of Variability in Clinical Pathology-It's Not Just about the Numbers" that occurred at the 35th Annual Symposium of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology in San Diego, California.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Robert L Hall
- 4 RLH Preclinical Consulting, LLC, Palm Coast, Florida, USA
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