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Schoder D, Guldimann C, Märtlbauer E. Asymptomatic Carriage of Listeria monocytogenes by Animals and Humans and Its Impact on the Food Chain. Foods 2022; 11:3472. [PMID: 36360084 PMCID: PMC9654558 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans and animals can become asymptomatic carriers of Listeria monocytogenes and introduce the pathogen into their environment with their feces. In turn, this environmental contamination can become the source of food- and feed-borne illnesses in humans and animals, with the food production chain representing a continuum between the farm environment and human populations that are susceptible to listeriosis. Here, we update a review from 2012 and summarize the current knowledge on the asymptomatic carrier statuses in humans and animals. The data on fecal shedding by species with an impact on the food chain are summarized, and the ways by which asymptomatic carriers contribute to the risk of listeriosis in humans and animals are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Schoder
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, Institute of Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Veterinarians without Borders Austria, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Guldimann
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety and Analytics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Erwin Märtlbauer
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Milk Hygiene, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
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2
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Di Renzo L, De Angelis ME, Torresi M, Di Lollo V, Di Teodoro G, Averaimo D, Defourny SVP, Di Giacinto F, Profico C, Olivieri V, Pomilio F, Cammà C, Ferri N, Di Francesco G. First Report of Septicaemic Listeriosis in a Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) Stranded along the Adriatic Coast: Strain Detection and Sequencing. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182364. [PMID: 36139224 PMCID: PMC9495059 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are increasing reports on the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in wild species, this is the first case of listeriosis in sea turtle. An adult female Caretta caretta was rescued after being stranded alive along the coast of the Abruzzo region (Italy) in summer 2021. The turtle died in 6 days due to respiratory failure. The necropsy showed widespread organ lesions, such as yellow foci of necrosis in many organs, gastrointestinal erosions, pericarditis, and granulomatous pneumonia. Microbiological and histological analyses were performed on several organs. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from multiple organs, indicating a case of septicaemic listeriosis, and the genome was sequenced and characterized. All the colonies analysed belonged to the same strain serogroup IVb, ST388, and CC388.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Di Renzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) dell’Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy
- Centro Studi Cetacei Onlus, Centro Recupero e Riabilitazione Tartarughe Marine “L.Cagnolaro”, 65125 Pescara, PE, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08613321
| | | | - Marina Torresi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) dell’Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Lollo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) dell’Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Teodoro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) dell’Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy
| | - Daniela Averaimo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) dell’Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy
| | | | - Federica Di Giacinto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) dell’Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy
| | - Chiara Profico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) dell’Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy
- Centro Studi Cetacei Onlus, Centro Recupero e Riabilitazione Tartarughe Marine “L.Cagnolaro”, 65125 Pescara, PE, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Olivieri
- Centro Studi Cetacei Onlus, Centro Recupero e Riabilitazione Tartarughe Marine “L.Cagnolaro”, 65125 Pescara, PE, Italy
| | - Francesco Pomilio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) dell’Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy
| | - Cesare Cammà
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) dell’Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) dell’Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Francesco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) dell’Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy
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Sévellec Y, Ascencio E, Douarre PE, Félix B, Gal L, Garmyn D, Guillier L, Piveteau P, Roussel S. Listeria monocytogenes: Investigation of Fitness in Soil Does Not Support the Relevance of Ecotypes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:917588. [PMID: 35770178 PMCID: PMC9234652 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.917588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a ubiquitous bacterium that causes the serious foodborne illness listeriosis. Although soil is a primary reservoir and a central habitat for Lm, little information is available on the genetic features underlying the fitness of Lm strains in this complex habitat. The aim of this study was to identify (i) correlations between the strains fitness in soil, their origin and their phylogenetic position (ii) identify genetic markers allowing Lm to survive in the soil. To this end, we assembled a balanced panel of 216 Lm strains isolated from three major ecological compartments (outdoor environment, animal hosts, and food) and from 33 clonal complexes occurring worldwide. The ability of the 216 strains to survive in soil was tested phenotypically. Hierarchical clustering identified three phenotypic groups according to the survival rate (SR): phenotype 1 “poor survivors” (SR < 2%), phenotype 2 “moderate survivors” (2% < SR < 5%) and phenotype 3 “good survivors” (SR > 5%). Survival in soil depended neither on strains’ origin nor on their phylogenetic position. Genome-wide-association studies demonstrated that a greater number of genes specifically associated with a good survival in soil was found in lineage II strains (57 genes) than in lineage I strains (28 genes). Soil fitness was mainly associated with variations in genes (i) coding membrane proteins, transcription regulators, and stress resistance genes in both lineages (ii) coding proteins related to motility and (iii) of the category “phage-related genes.” The cumulative effect of these small genomic variations resulted in significant increase of soil fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Sévellec
- Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Eliette Ascencio
- Agroecologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Douarre
- Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Benjamin Félix
- Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Laurent Gal
- Agroecologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Dijon, France
| | - Dominique Garmyn
- Agroecologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Guillier
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Sophie Roussel
- Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
- *Correspondence: Sophie Roussel,
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4
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Weyna AAW, Niedringhaus KD, Kunkel MR, Fenton HMA, Keel MK, Webb AH, Bahnson C, Radisic R, Munk B, Sánchez S, Nemeth NM. Listeriosis with viral coinfections in 8 gray foxes, 8 wild turkeys, and 2 young cervids in the southeastern United States. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:654-661. [PMID: 35686438 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221104830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterium that can cause disease in many species, including humans, livestock, and wildlife. Increased interactions via shared habitats may promote pathogen transmission among these groups. Our objectives were to evaluate the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study diagnostic data to characterize and compare L. monocytogenes-induced lesions and comorbidities in gray foxes and wild turkeys, and to describe cases of listeriosis in 2 cervids. From 1991-2020, 8 gray foxes, 8 wild turkeys, a neonatal elk, and a white-tailed deer fawn from several eastern states in the United States were diagnosed with listeriosis. All 8 foxes had hepatitis and/or hepatic necrosis with intralesional gram-positive bacilli, and concurrent canine distemper virus (CDV) infection; 2 of the foxes had been vaccinated recently for CDV. L. monocytogenes was cultured from the liver (6 of 8) or lung (2 of 8) of foxes. Lesions in wild turkeys included hepatocellular necrosis (3 of 8), heterophilic hepatitis (1 of 8), heterophilic granulomas (1 of 8), intrasinusoidal gram-positive bacilli without hepatic lesions (1 of 8), granulomatous dermatitis (1 of 8), and/or granulomatous myocarditis (2 of 8). Lymphoproliferative disease viral DNA was detected in 5 of 6 turkeys tested; reticuloendotheliosis viral DNA was detected in 2 of 3 turkeys tested. Both cervids had systemic listeriosis, with L. monocytogenes isolated from liver. Immunohistochemistry for Listeria spp. on select cases revealed immunolabeling in affected organs. Listeriosis was thus established as a cause of morbidity and mortality in 3 wildlife species, which often suffered from concurrent infections and likely immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisia A W Weyna
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kevin D Niedringhaus
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Melanie R Kunkel
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Heather M A Fenton
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St. Kitts & Nevis
| | - M Kevin Keel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Amy H Webb
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Radisic
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Brandon Munk
- Wildlife Health Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Rancho Cordova, CA, USA
| | - Susan Sánchez
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nicole M Nemeth
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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A European-wide dataset to uncover adaptive traits of Listeria monocytogenes to diverse ecological niches. Sci Data 2022; 9:190. [PMID: 35484273 PMCID: PMC9050667 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a ubiquitous bacterium that causes listeriosis, a serious foodborne illness. In the nature-to-human transmission route, Lm can prosper in various ecological niches. Soil and decaying organic matter are its primary reservoirs. Certain clonal complexes (CCs) are over-represented in food production and represent a challenge to food safety. To gain new understanding of Lm adaptation mechanisms in food, the genetic background of strains found in animals and environment should be investigated in comparison to that of food strains. Twenty-one partners, including food, environment, veterinary and public health laboratories, constructed a dataset of 1484 genomes originating from Lm strains collected in 19 European countries. This dataset encompasses a large number of CCs occurring worldwide, covers many diverse habitats and is balanced between ecological compartments and geographic regions. The dataset presented here will contribute to improve our understanding of Lm ecology and should aid in the surveillance of Lm. This dataset provides a basis for the discovery of the genetic traits underlying Lm adaptation to different ecological niches. Measurement(s) | whole genome sequencing | Technology Type(s) | Illumina Sequencing | Factor Type(s) | Multi-locus sequence types • Geographic location • Animal associated environment isolates • Food product and food production environment isolates | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Listeria monocytogenes | Sample Characteristic - Environment | Farm • Ruminant • Agricultural soil • Wild animals • food processing building • dairy food product • meat or meat product (from mammal) (us cfr) • chicken meat food product • fish food product • vegetable or vegetable product (us cfr) | Sample Characteristic - Location | Europe |
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Lotoux A, Milohanic E, Bierne H. The Viable But Non-Culturable State of Listeria monocytogenes in the One-Health Continuum. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:849915. [PMID: 35372114 PMCID: PMC8974916 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.849915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bacterial species, including several pathogens, can enter a so-called “viable but non-culturable” (VBNC) state when subjected to stress. Bacteria in the VBNC state are metabolically active but have lost their ability to grow on standard culture media, which compromises their detection by conventional techniques based on bacterial division. Under certain conditions, VBNC bacteria can regain their growth capacity and, for pathogens, their virulence potential, through a process called resuscitation. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of the VBNC state of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), a Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium responsible for listeriosis, one of the most dangerous foodborne zoonosis. After a brief summary of characteristics of VBNC bacteria, we highlight work on VBNC Lm in the environment and in agricultural and food industry settings, with particular emphasis on the impact of antimicrobial treatments. We subsequently discuss recent data suggesting that Lm can enter the VBNC state in the host, raising the possibility that VBNC forms contribute to the asymptomatic carriage of this pathogen in wildlife, livestock and even humans. We also consider the resuscitation and virulence potential of VBNC Lm and the danger posed by these bacteria to at-risk individuals, particularly pregnant women. Overall, we put forth the hypothesis that VBNC forms contribute to adaptation, persistence, and transmission of Lm between different ecological niches in the One-Health continuum, and suggest that screening for healthy carriers, using alternative techniques to culture-based enrichment methods, should better prevent listeriosis risks.
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Chen T, Orsi RH, Chen R, Gunderson M, Roof S, Wiedmann M, Childs-Sanford SE, Cummings KJ. Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from wildlife in central New York. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1319-1329. [PMID: 35113496 PMCID: PMC9122436 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) present in farming soil and food‐processing facilities threatens food safety, but little is known about the carriage of Lm by wildlife. Objectives We estimated the prevalence of faecal Lm shedding among wildlife admitted to a veterinary medical teaching hospital in central New York and characterized a subset of the Lm isolates. Methods Wildlife samples were collected between May 2018 and December 2019. We characterized the Lm isolates by assessing the growth at three temperatures approximating the body temperatures of reptiles (25°C), mammals (37°C), and birds (42°C) and identifying genotypic characteristics related to transmission and virulence. Results The apparent prevalence of faecal Lm shedding was 5.6% [18/324; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.3%–8.6%]. Among 13 isolates that represented two lineages and 11 clonal complexes, three and five isolates were grouped into the same SNP clusters with human clinical isolates and environmental isolates, respectively. However, specific SNP difference data showed that Lm from wildlife was generally not closely related (>22 SNP differences) to Lm from human clinical sources and the food‐processing environment. While the stress response locus SSI‐2 was absent, SSI‐1 was found in four isolates. Virulence genes prfA, plcA, hly, mpl, actA, plcB, inlA, inlB, inlC, inlE, inlH, inlJ, and inlK were present, without any premature stop codons, in all isolates. Virulence loci Listeria pathogenicity island 3 (LIPI‐3) and LIPI‐4, which have been linked to hypervirulence, and inlG were found in four, three, and seven isolates, respectively. Conclusions Wildlife represents a potential reservoir for genetically diverse and putatively hypervirulent Lm strains. No statistically significant association between growth parameters and hosts was observed. However, compared to lineage I isolates, lineage II isolates showed significantly (p < 0.05) faster growth at 25°C and significantly slower growth at 42°C, suggesting that wildlife Lm isolates that belong to lineages I and II differ in their ability to grow at 25°C and 42°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Renato H Orsi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ruixi Chen
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Maureen Gunderson
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Sherry Roof
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Sara E Childs-Sanford
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Kevin J Cummings
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Denis M, Ziebal C, Boscher E, Picard S, Perrot M, Nova MV, Roussel S, Diara A, Pourcher AM. Occurrence and Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Two Pig Manure Treatment Plants in France. Microbes Environ 2022; 37:ME22019. [PMID: 36372433 PMCID: PMC9763045 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me22019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of Listeria monocytogenes in piggery effluents intended for irrigation crops may be a source of bacterial dissemination in agriculture. The occurrence and diversity of L. monocytogenes in the farm environment were examined in two pig manure treatment systems (S1 and S2). Samples collected over the course of one year consisted of manure, the liquid fraction of treated manure (lagoon effluent), and soil surrounding the lagoon. L. monocytogenes was enumerated using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method, serotyped by PCR, genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and sequenced for multilocus sequence typing (MLST). L. monocytogenes was detected in 92% of manure samples and in approximately 50% of lagoon effluent and soil samples. Concentrations ranged between 5 and 103 MPN 100 mL-1. Serogroups IIa, IIb, and IVb were identified. Diversity was high with 44 PFGE profiles (252 isolates) and 17 clonal complexes (CCs) (96 isolates) with higher diversity in manure at site S1 supplied by four farms. Some PFGE profiles and CCs identified in manure or in pig feces from a previous study were also detected in lagoons and/or soil, reflecting pig L. monocytogenes circulation throughout the manure treatment and in the vicinity of the sampling sites. However, some PFGE profiles and CCs were only found in the lagoon and/or in soil, suggesting an origin other than pigs. The present study highlights the limited ability of biological treatments to eliminate L. monocytogenes from pig manure. The persistence of some PFGE profiles and CCs throughout the year in the lagoon and soil shows the ability of L. monocytogenes to survive in this type of environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Denis
- ANSES, Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, Ploufragan, France, Corresponding author. E-mail: ; Tel: +33–296016231; Fax: +33–296018538
| | - Christine Ziebal
- INRAE, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé-CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France
| | - Evelyne Boscher
- ANSES, Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, Ploufragan, France
| | - Sylvie Picard
- INRAE, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé-CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France
| | - Morgane Perrot
- ANSES, Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, Ploufragan, France,INRAE, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé-CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France
| | - Meryl Vila Nova
- ANSES, Unit Salmonella and Listeria, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie Roussel
- ANSES, Unit Salmonella and Listeria, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Arnaud Diara
- INRAE, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé-CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France
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Kammoun H, Kim M, Hafner L, Gaillard J, Disson O, Lecuit M. Listeriosis, a model infection to study host-pathogen interactions in vivo. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 66:11-20. [PMID: 34923331 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a foodborne pathogen and the etiological agent of listeriosis. This facultative intracellular Gram-positive bacterium has the ability to colonize the intestinal lumen, cross the intestinal, blood-brain and placental barriers, leading to bacteremia, neurolisteriosis and maternal-fetal listeriosis. Lm is a model microorganism for the study of the interplay between a pathogenic microbe, host tissues and microbiota in vivo. Here we review how animal models permissive to Lm-host interactions allow deciphering some of the key steps of the infectious process, from the intestinal lumen to the crossing of host barriers and dissemination within the host. We also highlight recent investigations using tagged Lm and clinically relevant strains that have shed light on within-host dynamics and the purifying selection of Lm virulence factors. Studying Lm infection in vivo is a way forward to explore host biology and unveil the mechanisms that have selected its capacity to closely associate with its vertebrate hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kammoun
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Minhee Kim
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lukas Hafner
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Julien Gaillard
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Disson
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, 75015 Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria, 75015 Paris, France; Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, APHP, Institut Imagine, 75006 Paris, France.
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10
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Descoeudres N, Jouneau L, Henry C, Gorrichon K, Derré-Bobillot A, Serror P, Gillespie LL, Archambaud C, Pagliuso A, Bierne H. An Immunomodulatory Transcriptional Signature Associated With Persistent Listeria Infection in Hepatocytes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:761945. [PMID: 34858876 PMCID: PMC8631403 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.761945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes causes severe foodborne illness in pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals. After the intestinal phase of infection, the liver plays a central role in the clearance of this pathogen through its important functions in immunity. However, recent evidence suggests that during long-term infection of hepatocytes, a subpopulation of Listeria may escape eradication by entering a persistence phase in intracellular vacuoles. Here, we examine whether this long-term infection alters hepatocyte defense pathways, which may be instrumental for bacterial persistence. We first optimized cell models of persistent infection in human hepatocyte cell lines HepG2 and Huh7 and primary mouse hepatocytes (PMH). In these cells, Listeria efficiently entered the persistence phase after three days of infection, while inducing a potent interferon response, of type I in PMH and type III in HepG2, while Huh7 remained unresponsive. RNA-sequencing analysis identified a common signature of long-term Listeria infection characterized by the overexpression of a set of genes involved in antiviral immunity and the under-expression of many acute phase protein (APP) genes, particularly involved in the complement and coagulation systems. Infection also altered the expression of cholesterol metabolism-associated genes in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. The decrease in APP transcripts was correlated with lower protein abundance in the secretome of infected cells, as shown by proteomics, and also occurred in the presence of APP inducers (IL-6 or IL-1β). Collectively, these results reveal that long-term infection with Listeria profoundly deregulates the innate immune functions of hepatocytes, which could generate an environment favorable to the establishment of persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Descoeudres
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Céline Henry
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Kevin Gorrichon
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, CEA, CNRS UMR 9198, Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Pascale Serror
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laura Lee Gillespie
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratories, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Cristel Archambaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alessandro Pagliuso
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Hélène Bierne
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Bagatella S, Tavares-Gomes L, Oevermann A. Listeria monocytogenes at the interface between ruminants and humans: A comparative pathology and pathogenesis review. Vet Pathol 2021; 59:186-210. [PMID: 34856818 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211052659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is widely distributed in the environment as a saprophyte, but may turn into a lethal intracellular pathogen upon ingestion. Invasive infections occur in numerous species worldwide, but most commonly in humans and farmed ruminants, and manifest as distinct forms. Of those, neuroinfection is remarkably threatening due to its high mortality. Lm is widely studied not only as a pathogen but also as an essential model for intracellular infections and host-pathogen interactions. Many aspects of its ecology and pathogenesis, however, remain unclear and are rarely addressed in its natural hosts. This review highlights the heterogeneity and adaptability of Lm by summarizing its association with the environment, farm animals, and disease. It also provides current knowledge on key features of the pathology and (molecular) pathogenesis of various listeriosis forms in naturally susceptible species with a special focus on ruminants and on the neuroinvasive form of the disease. Moreover, knowledge gaps on pathomechanisms of listerial infections and relevant unexplored topics in Lm pathogenesis research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bagatella
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Leticia Tavares-Gomes
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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12
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Wildlife symbiotic bacteria are indicators of the health status of the host and its ecosystem. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 88:e0138521. [PMID: 34669453 PMCID: PMC8752132 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01385-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are gut symbionts that can be used as a model to understand the host-microbiota crosstalk under unpredictable environmental conditions such as wildlife ecosystems. The aim of this study was to determine whether viable LAB can be informative of the health status of wild boar populations. We monitored the genotype and phenotype of LAB based on markers that included safety and phylogenetic origin, antibacterial activity and immunomodulatory properties. A LAB profile dominated by lactobacilli appears to stimulate protective immune responses and relates to strains widely used as probiotics, resulting in a potentially healthy wildlife population whereas microbiota overpopulated by enterococci was observed in a hostile environment. These enterococci were closely related to pathogenic strains that have developed mechanisms to evade innate immune system, posing a potential risk for the host health. Furthermore, our LAB isolates displayed antibacterial properties in a species-dependent manner. Nearly all of them were able to inhibit bacterial pathogens, raising the possibility of using them as a la carte antibiotic alternative in the unexplored field of wildlife disease mitigation. Our study highlights that microbiological characterization of LAB is a useful indicator of wildlife health status and the ecological origin from which they derive. Significance Statement The wildlife symbiotic microbiota is an important component to the greater for greater diversity and functionality of their bacterial populations, influencing the host health and adaptability to its ecosystem. Although many microbes are partly responsible for the development of multiple physiological processes, only certain bacterial groups such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have the capacity to overpopulate the gut, promoting health (or disease) when specific genetic and environmental conditions are present. LAB have been exploited in many ways due to their probiotic properties, in particular lactobacilli, however their relationship with wildlife gut-associated microbiota hosts remains to be elucidated. On the other hand, it is unclear whether LAB such as enterococci, which have been associated with detrimental health effects, could lead to disease. These important questions have not been properly addressed in the field of wildlife, and therefore, should be clearly attained.
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Survey on the Presence of Bacterial, Fungal and Helminthic Agents in Off-Leash Dog Parks Located in Urban Areas in Central-Italy. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061685. [PMID: 34198875 PMCID: PMC8229923 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Off-leash dog parks are designated, generally fenced, public spaces where dogs can move freely under the supervision of their owners. These areas, allowing animals to socialize and run free, play a fundamental role in dogs’ welfare. However, such environments may be a source of different pathogens, even zoonotic, excreted by the attending animals. The present study evaluated the occurrence of bacterial, fungal, and parasitic pathogens in off-leash dog parks located in Florence (central Italy). Yersinia spp., Listeria innocua, Toxocara canis eggs and Ancylostoma caninum/Uncinaria stenocephala eggs were found in canine feces. Keratinophilic geophilic fungi (mostly Microsporum gypseum/A. incurvatum, Microsporum canis in a single case) were recovered from soil. Trichosporon sp. and Geotrichum candidum were isolated from two water samples. The obtained results suggest that, despite the not negligible canine fecal contamination of selected areas (feces were found in 88.5% of the parks), attending dogs did not act as important carriers for the investigated pathogens, although examined off-leash dog parks may represent a risk for the spreading of some dermatophytoses to both pets and their owners. Thus, in a One-Health perspective, periodical examinations to detect the main bacteriological, parasitological and mycological pathogens in different samples collected in off-leash dog parks are recommended. Abstract Off-leash dog parks are designated public spaces where dogs can move freely, under their owners’ supervision. These areas, allowing animals to socialize and move freely, are fundamental for dogs’ welfare. However, different pathogens, even zoonotic, may be excreted by the attending animals and contaminate the environment. The aim of the present study was to verify the occurrence of bacterial, fungal and parasitic pathogens in off-leash dog parks located in Florence (central Italy). Between March and May 2019, 83 fecal samples, 43 soil samples and 23 water samples (from fountains and puddles) collected from 26 off-leash fenced areas were examined. Fecal samples scored positive for Yersinia spp. (n = 7), Listeria innocua (n = 4), Toxocara canis eggs (n = 2) and Ancylostoma caninum/Uncinaria stenocephala eggs (n = 1). Keratinophilic geophilic fungi (mostly Microsporum gypseum /A. incurvatum) were recovered from 43 soil samples belonging to 23 out of 26 parks, along with Microsporum canis in a single case. Prototheca spp. was never isolated from water samples, while Trichosporon sp. was cultured in two cases, alone and in association with Geotrichum candidum. These results show that dogs did not act as important carriers for the investigated bacterial and parasitic pathogens, although examined areas may represent a risk for the spreading of some dermatophytoses to both pets and their owners. Periodical examinations to assess the main bacteriological, parasitological and mycological pathogens in different samples collected in off-leash dog parks should be carried out in a One-Health perspective.
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Jahan NA, Lindsey LL, Larsen PA. The Role of Peridomestic Rodents as Reservoirs for Zoonotic Foodborne Pathogens. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:133-148. [PMID: 33351736 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although rodents are well-known reservoirs and vectors for a number of zoonoses, the functional role that peridomestic rodents serve in the amplification and transmission of foodborne pathogens is likely underappreciated. Clear links have been identified between commensal rodents and outbreaks of foodborne pathogens throughout Europe and Asia; however, comparatively little research has been devoted to studying this relationship in the United States. In particular, regional studies focused on specific rodent species and their foodborne pathogen reservoir status across the diverse agricultural landscapes of the United States are lacking. We posit that both native and invasive species of rodents associated with food-production pipelines are likely sources of seasonal outbreaks of foodborne pathogens throughout the United States. In this study, we review the evidence that identifies peridomestic rodents as reservoirs for foodborne pathogens, and we call for novel research focused on the metagenomic communities residing at the rodent-agriculture interface. Such data will likely result in the identification of new reservoirs for foodborne pathogens and species-specific demographic traits that might underlie seasonal enteric disease outbreaks. Moreover, we anticipate that a One Health metagenomic research approach will result in the discovery of new strains of zoonotic pathogens circulating in peridomestic rodents. Data resulting from such research efforts would directly inform and improve upon biosecurity efforts, ultimately serving to protect our food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat A Jahan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Laramie L Lindsey
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter A Larsen
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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15
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Listeria spp. Isolated from Tonsils of Wild Deer and Boars: Genomic Characterization. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02651-20. [PMID: 33397708 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02651-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a major human and animal foodborne pathogen. However, data from environmental reservoirs remain scarce. Here, we used whole-genome sequencing to characterize Listeria species isolates recovered over 1 year from wild animals in their natural habitats in Spain. Three different Listeria spp. (L. monocytogenes [n = 19], Listeria ivanovii subsp. londoniensis [n = 4], and Listeria innocua [n = 3]) were detected in 23 animal tonsils (9 deer, 14 wild boars) and 2 feeding troughs. No Listeria species was detected in feces. L. monocytogenes was detected in tonsils of 44.4% (8 out of 18) of deer and 40.7% (11 out of 27) of wild boars. L. monocytogenes isolates belonged to 3 different core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) types (CTs) of 3 distinct sublineages (SL1, SL387, and SL155) from lineages I and II. While cgMLST type L1-SL1-ST1-CT5279 (IVb; clonal complex 1 [CC1]) occurred only in one animal, types L1-SL387-ST388-CT5239 (IVb; CC388) and L2-SL155-ST155-CT1170 (IIa; CC155) were retrieved from multiple animals. In addition, L1-SL387-ST388-CT5239 (IVb; CC388) isolates were collected 1 year apart, revealing their long-term occurrence within the animal population and/or environmental reservoir. The presence of identical L. monocytogenes strains in deer and wild boars suggests contamination from a common food or environmental source, although interhost transmission cannot be excluded. Pathogenicity islands LIPI-1, LIPI-3, and LIPI-4 were present in 100%, 5%, and 79% of the L. monocytogenes isolates, respectively, and all L. monocytogenes lineage II isolates (n = 3) carried SSI-1 stress islands. This study highlights the need for monitoring L. monocytogenes environmental contamination and the importance of tonsils as a possible L. monocytogenes intrahost reservoir.IMPORTANCE Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne bacterial pathogen responsible for listeriosis. Whole-genome sequencing has been extensively used in public health and food industries to characterize circulating Listeria isolates, but genomic data on isolates occurring in natural environments and wild animals are still scarce. Here, we show that wild animals carry pathogenic Listeria and that the same genotypes can be found at different time points in different host species. This work highlights the need of Listeria species monitoring of environmental contamination and the importance of tonsils as a possible L. monocytogenes intrahost reservoir.
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First Report on the Finding of Listeria mnocytogenes ST121 Strain in a Dolphin Brain. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9100802. [PMID: 32998344 PMCID: PMC7601084 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a ubiquitous bacterium that causes the foodborne illness, listeriosis. Clonal complexes (CC), such as CC121, are overrepresented in the food production industry, and are rarely reported in animals and the environment. Working within a European-wide project, we investigated the routes by which strains are transmitted from environments and animals to food and the food production environment (FPE). In this context, we report, for the first time, the occurrence of a ST121 (CC121) strain isolated from a dolphin brain. The genome was compared with the genomes of 376 CC121 strains. Genomic comparisons showed that 16 strains isolated from food were the closest to the dolphin strain. Like most of the food strains analyzed here, the dolphin strain included genomic features (transposon Tn6188, plasmid pLM6179), both described as being associated with the strain’s adaptation to the FPE. Like all 376 strains, the dolphin strain contained a truncated actA gene and inlA gene, both described as being associated with attenuated virulence. Despite this fact, the strain was able to cross blood-brain barrier in immunosuppressed dolphin exposed polychlorinated biphenyl and invaded by parasites. Our data suggest that the dolphin was infected by a food-related strain released into the Mediterranean Sea.
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17
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Parsons C, Niedermeyer J, Gould N, Brown P, Strules J, Parsons AW, Bernardo Mesa‐Cruz J, Kelly MJ, Hooker MJ, Chamberlain MJ, Olfenbuttel C, DePerno C, Kathariou S. Listeria monocytogenes at the human-wildlife interface: black bears (Ursus americanus) as potential vehicles for Listeria. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:706-721. [PMID: 31713354 PMCID: PMC7111103 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of the foodborne illness listeriosis, which can result in severe symptoms and death in susceptible humans and other animals. L. monocytogenes is ubiquitous in the environment and isolates from food and food processing, and clinical sources have been extensively characterized. However, limited information is available on L. monocytogenes from wildlife, especially from urban or suburban settings. As urban and suburban areas are expanding worldwide, humans are increasingly encroaching into wildlife habitats, enhancing the frequency of human-wildlife contacts and associated pathogen transfer events. We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of L. monocytogenes in 231 wild black bear capture events between 2014 and 2017 in urban and suburban sites in North Carolina, Georgia, Virginia and United States, with samples derived from 183 different bears. Of the 231 captures, 105 (45%) yielded L. monocytogenes either alone or together with other Listeria. Analysis of 501 samples, primarily faeces, rectal and nasal swabs for Listeria spp., yielded 777 isolates, of which 537 (70%) were L. monocytogenes. Most L. monocytogenes isolates exhibited serotypes commonly associated with human disease: serotype 1/2a or 3a (57%), followed by the serotype 4b complex (33%). Interestingly, approximately 50% of the serotype 4b isolates had the IVb-v1 profile, associated with emerging clones of L. monocytogenes. Thus, black bears may serve as novel vehicles for L. monocytogenes, including potentially emerging clones. Our results have significant public health implications as they suggest that the ursine host may preferentially select for L. monocytogenes of clinically relevant lineages over the diverse listerial populations in the environment. These findings also help to elucidate the ecology of L. monocytogenes and highlight the public health significance of the human-wildlife interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Parsons
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Jeff Niedermeyer
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Nicholas Gould
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Phillip Brown
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Jennifer Strules
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Arielle W. Parsons
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
- North Carolina Museum of Natural SciencesRaleighNCUSA
| | - J. Bernardo Mesa‐Cruz
- Department of Fish and Wildlife ConservationVirginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA
- Department of BiologyElizabethtown CollegeElizabethtownPAUSA
| | - Marcella J. Kelly
- Department of Fish and Wildlife ConservationVirginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA
| | - Michael J. Hooker
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA
| | | | | | - Christopher DePerno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Sophia Kathariou
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
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18
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Psareva EK, Egorova IY, Liskova EA, Razheva IV, Gladkova NA, Sokolova EV, Potemkin EA, Zhurilov PA, Mikhaleva TV, Blokhin AA, Chalenko YM, Kolbasov DV, Ermolaeva SА. Retrospective Study of Listeria Monocytogenes Isolated in the Territory of Inner Eurasia from 1947 to 1999. Pathogens 2019; 8:E184. [PMID: 31614553 PMCID: PMC6963828 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is one of the most significant humans and animals foodborne infectious diseases. Here, we characterized 48 Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated in the territory of inner Eurasia during the second half of the 20th century. A total of 23 strains (52.3%) were susceptible to the nine antibiotics tested, 30.43%, 15.22%, and 8.7% were resistant penicillin G, ampicillin, and enrofloxacin, respectively. We applied the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme to determine the phylogenetic positions of the strains. All but one strain belonged to the II phylogenetic lineage, and the majority of the strains belonged to one of the previously described clonal complexes (СCs). More than 60% of the strains belonged to the clonal complex CC7 that prevailed among all sources, including cattle (58%), small ruminants (64%), rodents (71%), and humans (50%). Further, CC7, CC101, and CC124 were found among human isolates. The MLST scheme was supplemented with virulence gene analysis. In total, eight inlA, six inlB, and six inlC allelic variants were found, and all but one strain carried one of the two inlE alleles. Most strains (62.5%) belonged to the same multivirulence locus sequence typing (MvLST) type, which includes CC7, inlA allele 4, inlB allele 14, inlC allele 6, and inlE allele 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina K Psareva
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Irina Yu Egorova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, 601125 Volginsky, Russia.
| | - Elena A Liskova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Irina V Razheva
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Nadezda A Gladkova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Elena V Sokolova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Eugene A Potemkin
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Pavel A Zhurilov
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Tatyana V Mikhaleva
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Samara Research Veterinary Institute Branch, Samara 443013, Russia.
| | - Andrei A Blokhin
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Yaroslava M Chalenko
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
- Gamaleya Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Denis V Kolbasov
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, 601125 Volginsky, Russia.
| | - Svetlana А Ermolaeva
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
- Gamaleya Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia.
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Fadel HM, Ahmed A. Screening of crows and waterfowls for Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes infection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2019.9-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Wild birds can carry a number of potential human and animal pathogens. These birds can intrude into human habitats giving the opportunity to transmission of such infection. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the role of crows and waterfowls as vectors of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes and to compare cultivation methods with direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of infection. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 fecal dropping samples were collected. Salmonella was cultivated by three step method (Universal Pre-enrichment Broth [UPB], Rappaport-Vassiliadis Broth, and Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate agar). The recovered isolates were characterized by biotyping, serotyping, and PCR detection of enterotoxin (stn) gene. The antibiogram pattern of isolates against a panel of 8 antibiotics was recorded. L. monocytogenes was cultivated on UPB, then on Listeria Oxford Agar and Listeria CHROMagar. The recovered isolates were characterized by biotyping and PCR detection of listeriolysin (hylA) gene. Results: The percentages of Salmonella infection in crows and waterfowls were 10 and 20, respectively. The most frequently recovered serovars were Typhimurium, Potengi, Enteritidis, and Kentucky. Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis of Salmonella isolates showed that the resistance rates for gentamicin were the highest (92%), followed by amoxicillin (88%) and cefixime (60%). Resistance to 8 antibiotics was recorded in 60% (15/25) of Salmonella isolates. The percentages of L. monocytogenes infection in crows and waterfowls were 1.3 and 2, respectively. Direct PCR applied to UPB revealed that 12% and 3% of samples were positive for Salmonella and L. monocytogenes, respectively, and there was no significant difference between direct PCR and cultivation method for the detection of infection. Conclusion: The present findings indicate that wild birds can harbor zoonotic enteric pathogens and this necessitates monitoring the epidemiologic status of these pathogens among wild birds and humans and applying the appropriate intervention measures to prevent the spread of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Mohamed Fadel
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Amira Ahmed
- Department of Poultry and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Abstract
For nearly a century the use of antibiotics to treat infectious diseases has benefited human and animal health. In recent years there has been an increase in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, in part attributed to the overuse of compounds in clinical and farming settings. The genus Listeria currently comprises 17 recognized species found throughout the environment. Listeria monocytogenes is the etiological agent of listeriosis in humans and many vertebrate species, including birds, whereas Listeria ivanovii causes infections mainly in ruminants. L. monocytogenes is the third-most-common cause of death from food poisoning in humans, and infection occurs in at-risk groups, including pregnant women, newborns, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.
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Ayyal NM, Abbas ZA, Karim AJ, Abbas ZM, Al-Salihi KA, Khalaf JM, Mahmood DD, Mohammed EA, Jumaa RS, Abdul-Majeed DI. Bacterial isolation from internal organs of rats ( Rattus rattus) captured in Baghdad city of Iraq. Vet World 2019; 12:119-125. [PMID: 30936664 PMCID: PMC6431815 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.119-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Rats are accused in disseminating many zoonotic diseases. This study aimed to isolate and identify bacteria from internal organs of rats captured in Baghdad City, Iraq. Materials and Methods A total of 120 black rats (R. rattus) were trapped from different areas in Baghdad city. Rats were kept in individual plastic cages for 3 h before euthanizing. Deep pharyngeal swab, intestinal content, urine, and pieces of the liver and spleen, lung, kidney, and brain were obtained aseptically. The specimens were inoculated into peptone water and incubated at 37°C for 24 h for enrichment. A loopful of each specimen was then subcultured onto MacConkey Agar, Blood Agar, and Mannitol Salt Agar. CHROMagar O157 H7 and CHROMagar Listeria were used to detect Escherichia coli 157:7 and Listeria spp., respectively. Biochemical tests on analytical profile index, microscopic examination, and commercial kit for latex agglutination test for serotyping E. coli O157:H7 were used. Results Mixed bacterial isolates were recorded as 116, 52, 36, 28, 18, 6, and 4 from intestinal contents, deep pharyngeal, liver and spleen, urine, lung, brain, and kidney, respectively. Microorganisms included E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus vulgaris, E. coli O157:H7, Enterobacter cloacae, Listeria spp., Klebsiella spp., Ochrobactrum anthropi, Aeromonas spp., Brucella spp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia fergusonii, Micrococcus spp., Morganella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas luteola, and Streptobacillus spp. The highest bacterial prevalence (88; 73.33%) was recorded for E. coli, where 68 isolates were identified from the intestinal contents. Of these, four isolates were E. coli O157:H7. Conclusion Rats are important carriers and transmitters of a number of pathogens and can disseminate these microorganisms to humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagham Mohammed Ayyal
- Unit of Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Zainab Abdulzahra Abbas
- Unit of Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Abdulkarim Jafar Karim
- Unit of Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Zainab Majid Abbas
- Department of Pathological Analysis, Babylon Technical Institute, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Karima Akool Al-Salihi
- Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Muthanna University, Al-Muthanna, Iraq
| | - Jenan Mahmood Khalaf
- Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Dunya Dhafir Mahmood
- Unit of Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Eman Abdullah Mohammed
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Rawaa Saladdin Jumaa
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Cao X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li H, Luo L, Wang P, Zhang L, Li H, Liu J, Lu L, Ye C. Prevalence and Characteristics of Listeria ivanovii Strains in Wild Rodents in China. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 19:8-15. [PMID: 30570448 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria is ubiquitous in natural environments and can be isolated from animal hosts, including rodents. Listeria ivanovii and Listeria monocytogenes are the main pathogenic species that can cause serious listeriosis in animals and human. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of Listeria in wild rodents from six regions in China, and analyzed the molecular characteristics and antibiotics resistance of the L. ivanovii isolates. A total of 702 fecal samples of 25 different species of wild rodents were examined, and 75 were Listeria positive, including 26 L. ivanovii strains, 2 L. monocytogenes strains, and 47 Listeria innocus strains. The 26 L. ivanovii isolates (including 2 subspecies) were divided into 5 different sequence types by multilocus sequence typing with ST6 being the dominant type, and 5 different pulsotypes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility revealed that all L. ivanovii isolates were sensitive to rifampin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracycline, vancomycin, penicillin G, imipenem, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, but some isolates (including ST1, ST7, and ST8) were resistant to clindamycin. The results suggest that the prevalence of L. ivanovii (3.7%, 26/702) in wild rodents was higher in some regions, and the genetic diversity of L. ivanovii isolates in the wild rodents is relatively low and most belong to one lineage. These wild rodents may act as the natural host for L. ivanovii and possibly transmit the pathogen between wild animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Cao
- 1 Beijing Changping Institute for Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Li
- 4 Tongzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jingli Liu
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Lu
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Changyun Ye
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Abay S, Çakır Bayram L, Aydin F, Müştak HK, Diker KS, Erol İ. Pathogenicity, genotyping and antibacterial susceptibility of the Listeria spp. recovered from stray dogs. Microb Pathog 2018; 126:123-133. [PMID: 30381253 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of Listeria spp. in stray dogs in the Kayseri province of Turkey. In addition, serotyping, genotyping and virulence gene analysis of the isolated Listeria spp. were performed and their pathogenicity and antibacterial susceptibility were investigated. The study included 80 rectal swaps taken from 80 stray dogs of different ages and gender that were sheltered in the Kayseri Municipal Dog Shelter. Listeria selective broth and Listeria selective agar were used for the isolation of Listeria spp. and the isolates were identified using a Microbact 12L (Oxoid, England) identification test kit. 16S rDNA sequencing and species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed for molecular identification of the isolates, multiplex PCR and a serological test were performed for serotyping, and PCR was used for virulence gene analysis. For determining the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes and L. innocua isolates, a total of 100 mice (50 pregnant and 50 non-pregnant) were used. The mice were infected intraperitoneally; the inoculation dose was 1 × 109 CFU/mL and 0.2 mL was used for each animal. Tissue samples obtained from infected mice were processed for the re-isolation of the Listeria spp. and then stained with hematoxylin eosin and Brown-Brenn Gram stain. The antibiotic susceptibilities of the isolates were determined by the disk diffusion method. Listeria spp. were isolated from 5 (6.25%) of the 80 fecal samples. While 1 of the isolates was identified as L. monocytogenes, 4 of them were identified as L. innocua. Serotyping by serological and molecular methods revealed the isolate of L. monocytogenes to be serotype 1/2a. According to the phylogenetic trees, L. innocua and L. monocytogenes strains were clustered in different groups. The L. monocytogenes isolate was positive for all virulence genes tested. All L. innocua isolates were positive for the plcB gene. While all L. innocua isolates were negative for the lin1068 gene, 3 L. innocua isolates were found to be positive for the lin0558 gene. In mice infected with L. monocytogenes, pathological findings were observed in the uterus, intestines, pancreas, and heart. In mice infected with L. innocua, pathological findings were observed in the stomach, intestines and spleen. L. monocytogenes- or L. innocua-related infections or other inflammatory reactions were not observed in the brains of infected animals. On histopathological examination with Gram stain, an abundance of Listeria spp. was observed in the lesions of the liver, spleen, uterus, and kidney. Moreover, while abortion was observed in all animals infected with L. monocytogenes, it was not observed in any of the animals infected with L. innocua. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that all 5 isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, erythromycin, gentamicin, penicillin G, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and were resistant to nalidixic acid, streptomycin, and cefuroxime sodium. Considering also the pathogenicity of the isolated microorganisms, it can be suggested that stray dogs as carriers of Listeria spp. are a significant risk to public health. As L. innocua isolates, which are considered apathogenic, led to the occurrence of lesions similar to those caused by L. monocytogenes, detailed studies on the pathogenesis of L. innocua infections caused by L. innocua isolates recovered from various sources are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seçil Abay
- Erciyes University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Microbiology, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Latife Çakır Bayram
- Erciyes University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Pathology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fuat Aydin
- Erciyes University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Microbiology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hamit Kaan Müştak
- Ankara University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kadir Serdar Diker
- Ankara University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İrfan Erol
- Ankara University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
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Wang Y, Lu L, Lan R, Salazar JK, Liu J, Xu J, Ye C. Isolation and characterization of Listeria species from rodents in natural environments in China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2017; 6:e44. [PMID: 28588285 PMCID: PMC5520306 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2017.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Listeria is ubiquitous in a variety of environments and can be isolated from a wide range of animal hosts. Rodents are capable of carrying pathogenic bacteria in their intestines, such as Listeria, and can disseminate those pathogens into the natural environment and to where human activity occurs. In this study, we investigated the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Listeria spp. isolated from wild rodents found in natural environments in China. We collected 341 intestinal fecal samples of rodents from five different regions of China, all representing different rodent habitats. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the Listeria spp. isolates obtained were firstly assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Thirty-one samples were positive for Listeria spp., of which 11 were positive for Listeria monocytogenes and seven were positive for Listeria ivanovii. Other species identified include Listeria innocua, Listeria fleischmannii and Listeria floridensis. All Listeria spp. isolates were sensitive to the majority of the antimicrobials tested, but largely resistant to oxacillin (94.1%) and cefuroxime (70.6%). All L. monocytogenes isolates were further characterized by serotyping, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). L. monocytogenes strains were grouped into three serotypes, five sequence types and five pulsotypes (PTs) by serotyping, MLST and PFGE, respectively. Almost half of the isolates (five of 11) belonged to serotype 1/2b, ST87 and PT1. This study determined that Listeria is carried in the intestinal tracts of wild rodents from multiple regions at a low rate, filling an epidemiological data gap on Listeria in natural environments in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Liang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Joelle K Salazar
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Changyun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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Cao X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ye C. Isolation and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes from the black-headed gull feces in Kunming, China. J Infect Public Health 2017; 11:59-63. [PMID: 28473260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is among the most important foodborne pathogens, which can be isolated from bird feces. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence, genotypes, virulence factors and drug-resistance characteristics of L. monocytogenes isolated from the black-headed gull in Kunming, China. Serotypes and virulence genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) methods were used to describe the genetic characteristics of all positive isolates. Furthermore, all L. monocytogenes isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by disk diffusion method. All isolates were positive for inlA, inlB, plcB, prfA, iap, actA and hly genes. Serotyping showed the isolates belonged to serotype 1/2b (2/9, 22%), 1/2c (3/9, 33%), and 4a (4/9, 44%). PFGE showed 4 different pulsotypes (PTs), and MLST differentiated the 9 isolates into 4 sequence types (STs), ST3 (1), ST5 (1), ST35 (3) and ST201 (4). The result of antimicrobial susceptibility revealed that all isolates were naturally sensitive to most antibiotics. The L. monocytogenes isolates had pathogenic potential. There is a potential infection risk for people who come to frequent contact with black-headed gulls in Kunming. Hence, it is necessary to conduct surveillance of L. monocytogenes in the migratory black-headed gulls, which would be valuable to prevent listeriosis in local residents and tourists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Changyun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China.
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26
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Nowakiewicz A, Zięba P, Ziółkowska G, Gnat S, Muszyńska M, Tomczuk K, Majer Dziedzic B, Ulbrych Ł, Trościańczyk A. Free-Living Species of Carnivorous Mammals in Poland: Red Fox, Beech Marten, and Raccoon as a Potential Reservoir of Salmonella, Yersinia, Listeria spp. and Coagulase-Positive Staphylococcus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155533. [PMID: 27171434 PMCID: PMC4865137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to examine a population of free-living carnivorous mammals most commonly found in Poland (red fox, beech marten, and raccoon) for the occurrence of bacteria that are potentially pathogenic for humans and other animal species and to determine their virulence potential (the presence of selected virulence genes). From the total pool of isolates obtained (n = 328), we selected 90 belonging to species that pose the greatest potential threat to human health: Salmonella spp. (n = 19; 4.51%), Yersinia enterocolitica (n = 10; 2.37%), Listeria monocytogenes and L. ivanovii (n = 21), and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 40; 9.5%). The Salmonella spp. isolates represented three different subspecies; S. enterica subsp. enterica accounted for a significant proportion (15/19), and most of the serotypes isolated (S. Typhimurium, S. Infantis, S. Newport and S. Enteritidis) were among the 10 non-typhoidal Salmonella serotypes that are most often responsible for infections in Europe, including Poland. Y. enterococlitica was detected in the smallest percentage of animals, but 60% of strains among the isolates tested possessed the ail gene, which is responsible for attachment and invasion. Potentially pathogenic Listeria species were isolated from approx. 5% of the animals. The presence of all tested virulence genes was shown in 35% of L. monocytogenes strains, while in the case of the other strains, the genes occurred in varying numbers and configurations. The presence of the inlA, inlC, hlyA, and iap genes was noted in all strains, whereas the genes encoding PI-PLC, actin, and internalin Imo2821 were present in varying percentages (from 80% to 55%). S. aureus was obtained from 40 individuals. Most isolates possessed the hla, hld (95% for each), and hlb (32.5%) genes encoding hemolysins as well as the gene encoding leukotoxin lukED (70%). In a similar percentage of strains (77.5%), the presence of at least one gene encoding enterotoxin was found, with 12.5% exhibiting the presence of egc-like variants. In two animals, we also noted the gene encoding the TSST-1 toxin. The results of the study showed that free-living animals may be a significant reservoir of bacteria that are potentially pathogenic for humans. The results of the statistical analysis revealed that, among the animals species studied, the red fox constitutes the most important source of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Nowakiewicz
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Grażyna Ziółkowska
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Gnat
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Tomczuk
- Sub-Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Majer Dziedzic
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Trościańczyk
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
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27
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Weindl L, Frank E, Ullrich U, Heurich M, Kleta S, Ellerbroek L, Gareis M. Listeria monocytogenes in Different Specimens from Healthy Red Deer and Wild Boars. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:391-7. [PMID: 27159352 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past, Listeria monocytogenes has been isolated from game feces and meat. However, less information is available on the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in other specimens originating from game animals. Hence, the aim of this study was to get an overview of the occurrence and distribution of L. monocytogenes in game animals by characterization of isolates from different matrices. For that purpose, samples were collected from red deer (Cervus elaphus), wild boars (Sus scrofa), and feed during the hunting season 2011-2012 in three different regions of Germany and Austria. Six samples from each animal were examined: tonsils, content of the rumen or the stomach, liver, intestinal lymph nodes, cecum content, and feces. Nineteen of 45 red deer and 12 of 49 wild boars were found to be positive for L. monocytogenes as well as 4 of 22 pooled feed samples. L. monocytogenes was isolated most frequently from the rumen of red deer (14 of 19) and the tonsils of wild boars (7 of 12). Serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 4a, and 4b were detected in samples of game animals and feed, and serotypes 1/2a and 4b were the most prevalent serotypes. The presence of L. monocytogenes serotype 4a had not yet been described in red deer. This might be due to the fact that it was only isolated from the content of rumen and that no other study has yet examined ruminal content. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed a wide variety of strains. Some strains occurred in both species and feed samples, but one strain was dominant in one region. The results show that red deer and wild boars can be carriers of L. monocytogenes in different matrices, although the feces samples can be negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Weindl
- 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Faculty , LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Frank
- 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Faculty , LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ullrich
- 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Faculty , LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Heurich
- 2 Department of Research and Documentation, Bavarian Forest National Park , Grafenau, Germany
| | - Sylvia Kleta
- 3 Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Gareis
- 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Faculty , LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Vivant AL, Garmyn D, Piveteau P. Listeria monocytogenes, a down-to-earth pathogen. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:87. [PMID: 24350062 PMCID: PMC3842520 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of the food-borne life threatening disease listeriosis. This pathogenic bacterium received much attention in the endeavor of deciphering the cellular mechanisms that underlie the onset of infection and its ability to adapt to the food processing environment. Although information is available on the presence of L. monocytogenes in many environmental niches including soil, water, plants, foodstuff and animals, understanding the ecology of L. monocytogenes in outdoor environments has received less attention. Soil is an environmental niche of pivotal importance in the transmission of this bacterium to plants and animals. Soil composition, microbial communities and macrofauna are extrinsic edaphic factors that direct the fate of L. monocytogenes in the soil environment. Moreover, farming practices may further affect its incidence. The genome of L. monocytogenes presents an extensive repertoire of genes encoding transport proteins and regulators, a characteristic of the genome of ubiquitous bacteria. Postgenomic analyses bring new insights in the process of soil adaptation. In the present paper focussing on soil, we review these extrinsic and intrinsic factors that drive environmental adaptation of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Vivant
- UMR1347 Agroécologie, Université de BourgogneDijon, France
- UMR1347 Agroécologie, INRADijon, France
| | - Dominique Garmyn
- UMR1347 Agroécologie, Université de BourgogneDijon, France
- UMR1347 Agroécologie, INRADijon, France
| | - Pascal Piveteau
- UMR1347 Agroécologie, Université de BourgogneDijon, France
- UMR1347 Agroécologie, INRADijon, France
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29
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Sasaki Y, Goshima T, Mori T, Murakami M, Haruna M, Ito K, Yamada Y. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Foodborne Bacteria in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) and Wild Deer (Cervus nippon) in Japan. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:985-91. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Sasaki
- Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Goshima
- Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- Institute for Food and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Kenbikyo-in Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Murakami
- Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Haruna
- Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ito
- Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yamada
- Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Hasegawa M, Iwabuchi E, Yamamoto S, Muramatsu M, Takashima I, Hirai K. Prevalence and characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes in feces of black beef cattle reared in three geographically distant areas in Japan. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 11:96-103. [PMID: 24180587 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes in the feces of black beef cattle reared in geographically distant areas in Japan. We surveyed 130 farms in the following three areas: northern (Hokkaido prefecture), central (Gifu and Mie prefectures), and southern (Oita, Miyazaki, and Kagoshima prefectures) areas and collected 1738 fecal samples. Our data showed the following isolation rate for each area: northern, 11.4% of 651; central, 2.8% of 572; and southern, 2.9% of 515, indicating that the isolation rate in the northern area was significantly higher than that in the central or southern areas (p<0.01). Moreover, serotyping of 996 isolates identified 1/2b as the most prevalent serotype (40.5%), followed by 1/2a (36.9%), 4b (21.6%), and 4ab (1.0%). In the northern area, multiple serotypes were isolated from 60% of L. monocytogenes-positive farms. In addition, multiple serotypes were isolated from individual fecal samples from 18 cattle. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) characterization of 239 isolates detected 48 different PFGE types. We found that isolates from northern farms were genetically diverse compared to those from central and southern farms. Five isolates from human clinical cases and three isolates from animal clinical cases were identical to isolates from black beef cattle. Furthermore, the isolates from northern and central farms were characterized to possess epidemic clone II or III markers. We next showed that the isolates were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, erythromycin, vancomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Taken together, our survey provides crucial data regarding the prevalence and characteristics of L. monocytogenes in black beef cattle farms throughout Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Hasegawa
- 1 Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing and Nutrition, Tenshi College , Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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31
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Milillo SR, Friedly EC, Saldivar JC, Muthaiyan A, O'bryan C, Crandall PG, Johnson MG, Ricke SC. A Review of the Ecology, Genomics, and Stress Response ofListeria innocuaandListeria monocytogenes. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2012; 52:712-25. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.507909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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Hoelzer K, Pouillot R, Dennis S. Animal models of listeriosis: a comparative review of the current state of the art and lessons learned. Vet Res 2012; 43:18. [PMID: 22417207 PMCID: PMC3384455 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-43-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a leading cause of hospitalization and death due to foodborne illness in the industrialized world. Animal models have played fundamental roles in elucidating the pathophysiology and immunology of listeriosis, and will almost certainly continue to be integral components of the research on listeriosis. Data derived from animal studies helped for example characterize the importance of cell-mediated immunity in controlling infection, allowed evaluation of chemotherapeutic treatments for listeriosis, and contributed to quantitative assessments of the public health risk associated with L. monocytogenes contaminated food commodities. Nonetheless, a number of pivotal questions remain unresolved, including dose-response relationships, which represent essential components of risk assessments. Newly emerging data about species-specific differences have recently raised concern about the validity of most traditional animal models of listeriosis. However, considerable uncertainty about the best choice of animal model remains. Here we review the available data on traditional and potential new animal models to summarize currently recognized strengths and limitations of each model. This knowledge is instrumental for devising future studies and for interpreting current data. We deliberately chose a historical, comparative and cross-disciplinary approach, striving to reveal clues that may help predict the ultimate value of each animal model in spite of incomplete data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hoelzer
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20707, USA
| | - Régis Pouillot
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20707, USA
| | - Sherri Dennis
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20707, USA
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Aury K, Le Bouquin S, Toquin MT, Huneau-Salaün A, Le Nôtre Y, Allain V, Petetin I, Fravalo P, Chemaly M. Risk factors for Listeria monocytogenes contamination in French laying hens and broiler flocks. Prev Vet Med 2011; 98:271-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Isolation and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes from commercial asazuke (Japanese light pickles). Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 139:134-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bajpai VK, Kim HR, Hou CT, Kang SC. Bioconverted products of essential fatty acids as potential antimicrobial agents. N Biotechnol 2009; 26:122-30. [PMID: 19643210 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review deals with the recent findings on the microbial conversion of essential fatty acids (EFAs) through Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 NRRL-B-18602, and the antimicrobial properties of bioconverted EFAs, with particular emphasis on n-3 or n-6 fatty acids. The first section deals with the most recent and some background literature on which have been the latest developments with respect to bioconverted EFAs as potential antibacterial agents, in particular the inhibition of severe foodborne and food spoilage bacteria causing deleterious effects in food and human beings. The second section of the review deals with the inhibition of certain important plant pathogenic fungi through the bioconverted EFAs which cause drastic losses to food and agriculture industries. Also we have given emphasis through the literature on the importance of microbial bioconversion of EFAs along with their possible applications in various beneficial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Bajpai
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Kyoungsan, Kyoungbook 712-714, Republic of Korea
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Orsi RH, Borowsky ML, Lauer P, Young SK, Nusbaum C, Galagan JE, Birren BW, Ivy RA, Sun Q, Graves LM, Swaminathan B, Wiedmann M. Short-term genome evolution of Listeria monocytogenes in a non-controlled environment. BMC Genomics 2008; 9:539. [PMID: 19014550 PMCID: PMC2642827 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While increasing data on bacterial evolution in controlled environments are available, our understanding of bacterial genome evolution in natural environments is limited. We thus performed full genome analyses on four Listeria monocytogenes, including human and food isolates from both a 1988 case of sporadic listeriosis and a 2000 listeriosis outbreak, which had been linked to contaminated food from a single processing facility. All four isolates had been shown to have identical subtypes, suggesting that a specific L. monocytogenes strain persisted in this processing plant over at least 12 years. While a genome sequence for the 1988 food isolate has been reported, we sequenced the genomes of the 1988 human isolate as well as a human and a food isolate from the 2000 outbreak to allow for comparative genome analyses. Results The two L. monocytogenes isolates from 1988 and the two isolates from 2000 had highly similar genome backbone sequences with very few single nucleotide (nt) polymorphisms (1 – 8 SNPs/isolate; confirmed by re-sequencing). While no genome rearrangements were identified in the backbone genome of the four isolates, a 42 kb prophage inserted in the chromosomal comK gene showed evidence for major genome rearrangements. The human-food isolate pair from each 1988 and 2000 had identical prophage sequence; however, there were significant differences in the prophage sequences between the 1988 and 2000 isolates. Diversification of this prophage appears to have been caused by multiple homologous recombination events or possibly prophage replacement. In addition, only the 2000 human isolate contained a plasmid, suggesting plasmid loss or acquisition events. Surprisingly, besides the polymorphisms found in the comK prophage, a single SNP in the tRNA Thr-4 prophage represents the only SNP that differentiates the 1988 isolates from the 2000 isolates. Conclusion Our data support the hypothesis that the 2000 human listeriosis outbreak was caused by a L. monocytogenes strain that persisted in a food processing facility over 12 years and show that genome sequencing is a valuable and feasible tool for retrospective epidemiological analyses. Short-term evolution of L. monocytogenes in non-controlled environments appears to involve limited diversification beyond plasmid gain or loss and prophage diversification, highlighting the importance of phages in bacterial evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato H Orsi
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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37
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Okada Y, Makino S, Okada N, Asakura H, Yamamoto S, Igimi S. Identification and analysis of the osmotolerance associated genes inListeria monocytogenes. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2008; 25:1089-94. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030802056634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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38
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Lyautey E, Hartmann A, Pagotto F, Tyler K, Lapen DR, Wilkes G, Piveteau P, Rieu A, Robertson WJ, Medeiros DT, Edge TA, Gannon V, Topp E. Characteristics and frequency of detection of fecal Listeria monocytogenes shed by livestock, wildlife, and humans. Can J Microbiol 2008; 53:1158-67. [PMID: 18026208 DOI: 10.1139/w07-084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen that can be carried asymptomatically in various animals and can be shed in feces. We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of L. monocytogenes isolated from livestock, wildlife, and human potential sources of contamination in 2 areas in Ontario, Canada. From February 2003 to November 2005, a total of 268 fecal samples were collected from different animals. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated using selective enrichment, isolation, and confirmation procedures, and 15 samples (6%) yielded to the isolation of 84 confirmed strains. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from livestock (beef and dairy), wildlife (deer, moose, otter, and raccoon), and human (biosolids and septic) fecal sources. Thirty-two isolates were from serovar 1/2a, 34 from serovar 1/2b, 1 from serovar 3a, and 17 from serovar 4b. Listeria monocytogenes populations were resolved into 13 EcoRI ribotypes, and 18 ApaI and 18 AscI pulsotypes, with Simpson indexes of discrimination of 0.878 and 0.907, respectively. A majority (59%) of L. monocytogenes isolates exhibited potential virulence linked to the production of a functional internalin A, which was supported by higher entry into Caco-2 cells (9.3%) than isolates producing truncated and secreted internalin A (1.3% of entry). Listeria monocytogenes fecal isolates were on average resistant to 6.4 +/- 2.5 antibiotics out of 17 tested, and potentially virulent isolates exhibited an enhanced resistance to kanamycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, and rifampicin. Livestock, wildlife, and human L. monocytogenes fecal communities exhibited overlapping but distinct populations, and some genotypes and phenotypes were similar to those previously described for surface water isolates in the same area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lyautey
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
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Hellström S, Kiviniemi K, Autio T, Korkeala H. Listeria monocytogenes is common in wild birds in Helsinki region and genotypes are frequently similar with those found along the food chain. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 104:883-8. [PMID: 17953682 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03604.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the prevalence and genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes in wild birds and to compare the genotypes with isolates previously collected from foods and food processing environments. METHODS AND RESULTS Samples of wild birds' faeces (n = 212) were collected from a municipal landfill site and from urban areas in the Helsinki region and analysed by two-step enrichment and plating onto L. monocytogenes-selective agar. The overall prevalence of L. monocytogenes in bird faeces was 36% (95% CI 30-43%), and prevalence on the landfill site was significantly higher. All isolates were analysed with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and compared with the L. monocytogenes profiles in an existing collection. Similar pulsotypes were found in birds and in isolates collected along the food chain. CONCLUSIONS Birds commonly carry L. monocytogenes, and strains are frequently similar with those detected in foods and food processing environments. Thus, birds may disseminate L. monocytogenes in nature and may also contaminate foods when entering the food processing environments and outdoor market places. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Populations of L. monocytogenes in wild birds and along the food processing chain overlap. Our findings add to the epidemiological data on this significant foodborne pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hellström
- Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Ho AJ, Ivanek R, Gröhn YT, Nightingale KK, Wiedmann M. Listeria monocytogenes fecal shedding in dairy cattle shows high levels of day-to-day variation and includes outbreaks and sporadic cases of shedding of specific L. monocytogenes subtypes. Prev Vet Med 2007; 80:287-305. [PMID: 17481754 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2006] [Revised: 02/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fecal shedding of Listeria monocytogenes poses a risk for contamination of animal feed and agricultural environments and raw food at the pre-harvest stages of food production. To be able to reduce these risks it is critical to improve understanding of the epidemiology of L. monocytogenes shedding in feces. The objective of this study was to assess the daily variability of fecal shedding and its association with individual animal (lactation number and the day of current lactation) and environmental (feed) risk factors. That was achieved by application of longitudinal daily sample collection in a herd of dairy cattle and molecular characterization of isolated L. monocytogenes. Fecal samples (25) and silage samples (2) were collected daily during two 2-week periods and one 5-day period. L. monocytogenes was isolated from 255 out of 825 (31%) fecal samples on 24 out of 33 (73%) days, and from 25 out of 66 (38%) silage samples on 16 out of 33 (48%) days. Ninety-four percent of cows excreted L. monocytogenes in feces at least once during the study period. Our data analyses indicated that (i) the prevalence and incidence risk of L. monocytogenes fecal shedding in cattle vary considerably over time, from 0 to 100%, and both are associated with contamination of silage, (ii) L. monocytogenes fecal shedding in cattle could occur as part of an outbreak or as an isolated sporadic case, (iii) L. monocytogenes subtypes associated with human infections are commonly isolated from cattle feces and silage, and (iv) a single cow can harbor more than one L. monocytogenes subtype on any given day. Although limited to a single dairy cattle herd, these findings provide a significant advancement in the understanding of the epidemiology of L. monocytogenes fecal shedding in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Ho
- Department of Food Science, 412 Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Ivanek R, Gröhn YT, Wiedmann M. Listeria monocytogenesin Multiple Habitats and Host Populations: Review of Available Data for Mathematical Modeling. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2006; 3:319-36. [PMID: 17199514 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2006.3.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes has the ability to survive and multiply in diverse habitats and to cause infection in a variety of animal species and humans. We evaluated the literature on survival and multiplication within and transmission among multiple host populations and habitats, including man, sewage, general environment (soil, water, and vegetation), silage (fermented plant material), animals (including wild and domestic animals), and food processing plants. The available knowledge on L. monocytogenes transmission dynamics was translated into the key process nodes of interrelated host- and habitat-specific mathematical models, providing a starting framework for future modeling work and the ultimate development of a system-wide model for evaluation of its transmission, and strategies to reduce human exposure. Because of the ability of L. monocytogenes to survive and multiply in many habitats and hosts, and the number of possible transmission routes, it is highly unlikely that it could be eradicated from any habitat or host, including man. However, L. monocytogenes load within and transmission among habitats and host populations could probably be reduced. Based on the published information, we hypothesize that three recent anthropogenic practices increase the load within and transmission among reviewed habitats and host populations: extended refrigerated storage of ready-to-eat foods allowing L. monocytogenes growth in foods that are contaminated during production or subsequent handling; feeding domestic ruminants with silage often contaminated with L. monocytogenes; and dispersal of contaminated products of sewage treatment to agricultural fields and waters. Future mathematical modeling work could test how much the reduction of L. monocytogenes load and transmission in hosts and habitats associated with these anthropogenic practices would reduce human exposure and consequently human listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Ivanek
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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42
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) on a request from the Commission related with animal health and welfare risks associated with the import of wild birds other than poultry into the European Union. EFSA J 2006; 4:410. [PMID: 32313576 PMCID: PMC7163484 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2006.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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Prevalence of agglutinating antibodies against Listeria monocytogenes in chicks of the white stork (Ciconia ciconia Linnaeus, 1758) in Poland. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-004-0066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Garrec N, Picard-Bonnaud F, Pourcher AM. Occurrence of Listeria sp and L monocytogenes in sewage sludge used for land application: effect of dewatering, liming and storage in tank on survival of Listeria species. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2003; 35:275-83. [PMID: 12648847 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-8244(02)00443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The application of sewage sludge to agricultural land is widely used in France. To determine the impact of sludge treatments, concentrations of Listeria sp., Listeria monocytogenes and faecal indicators were monitored in five types of sludge from three sewage treatment plants in Angers (France) and its suburbs over a 1-year period. On the whole, bacteria were reduced in numbers through sludge treatments. Apart from liming, which leads to reduced levels of bacteria below detection limits, other sludge treatments did not eliminate Listeria sp. and faecal indicators. Listeria sp. and L. monocytogenes were found respectively in 87% and 73% of dewatered sludges and in 96% and 80% of sludges stored in tanks. Concentrations of L. monocytogenes, ranging from 0.15 to 20 MPN g(-1) dry matter in dewatered sludge and from 1 to 240 MPN g(-1) dry matter in sludge stored in tanks, did not show seasonal variations. Spreading of sanitised sludge onto agricultural land results in the addition of 10(6)-10(8) L. monocytogenes per hectare per year, which may contribute to the increase in the dissemination of this pathogenic species in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Garrec
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement et de l'Aménagement, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex 01, France
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45
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Kock ND, Kock RA, Wambua E, Mohan K. Listeriosis in a free-ranging colobus monkey (Colobus guereza caudatus) in Kenya. Vet Rec 2003; 152:141-2. [PMID: 12585602 DOI: 10.1136/vr.152.5.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N D Kock
- Department of Pathology and Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University Medical School, Medical School Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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46
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Okada Y, Makino SI, Tobe T, Okada N, Yamazaki S. Cloning of rel from Listeria monocytogenes as an osmotolerance involvement gene. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68:1541-7. [PMID: 11916666 PMCID: PMC123880 DOI: 10.1128/aem.68.4.1541-1547.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposon insertional mutants of Listeria monocytogenes were constructed to identify genes involved in osmotolerance, and one mutant that showed reduced growth under high osmotic pressure was obtained. The cloned gene from the transposon insertion site of the mutant, named rel, was 2,214 bp in length and had very high homology to relA of Bacillus subtilis, which encodes guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) and guanosine pentaphosphate (pppGpp) [collectively designated (p)ppGpp] synthetase during stringent response. The mutant showed a deficiency in (p)ppGpp accumulation. In the parental strain, the amount of intracellular (p)ppGpp was not increased after an osmotic upshift but was slightly decreased compared with the level before the upward shift. The reduced osmotolerance of the mutant was restored to a level almost equal to that of the parent strain when the chromosomal region that included rel of L. monocytogenes was introduced into the mutant. After exposure to methyl glucoside, the rel mutant accumulated (p)ppGpp at a higher level than the basal level and partially restored the ability to grow in NaCl-supplemented brain heart infusion broth. The mutant was found to grow in chemically defined minimal medium supplemented with glycine betaine or carnitine, so-called compatible solutes, and 4% NaCl. Our results suggest that the appropriate intracellular concentration of (p)ppGpp is essential for full osmotolerance in L. monocytogenes and that its mechanism is different from that for the accumulation of compatible solutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Okada
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, The National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo 108-8638, Japan.
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