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Bergeria CL, Park B, Satyavolu PU, Dunn KE, Dworkin RH, Strain EC. Virtual focus groups among individuals with use disorders: assessing feasibility and acceptability in an underserved clinical population. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1352300. [PMID: 38528975 PMCID: PMC10961444 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1352300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective There are substantial barriers to conducting research among individuals with stigmatized and complicated health conditions like substance use disorders. These barriers slow progress when developing, refining, and assessing interventions to better treat underserved populations. Virtual focus groups are an innovative method for collecting data from individuals via a discreet and accessible platform which can inform novel as well as existing treatment approaches. This article reports on the feasibility and acceptability of virtual focus groups as a mechanism to recruit and engage geographically and demographically diverse samples of participants with substance use disorders that are otherwise logistically difficult to assess. Method Participants were assessed for eligibility for a virtual focus group study based on demographic features, drug use history, and psychiatric history via a remote, interview-based screening. Focus groups were completed anonymously without video or name-sharing. Discussion contributions, quantified with number of times speaking and total number of words spoken, were compared across gender, and treatment status. Participants provided quantitative and qualitative feedback on the focus group experience in a follow-up survey. Results Focus groups (N=26) based in geographical areas throughout the United States were conducted with 88 individuals with opioid use disorder or stimulant use disorder. Discussion contributions were comparable between genders and among individuals in treatment versus those seeking treatment. A follow-up survey (n=50, 57% of focus group participants) reflected high levels of enjoyment, comfort, and honesty during focus group discussions. Discussion Findings suggest virtual focus groups can be an effective and efficient tool for substance use research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia L. Bergeria
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brandon Park
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Prem Umang Satyavolu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kelly E. Dunn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robert H. Dworkin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Eric C. Strain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Galeone A, Bernabei A, Cleuziou J, Menezes V, Park S, Kluin J, Pompili C. Gender representation among speaking and leader roles at European cardio-thoracic surgical annual meetings. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 65:ezad427. [PMID: 38128063 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezad427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our goal was to evaluate gender representation among session leaders and abstract presenters at European cardio-thoracic surgical annual meetings. METHODS We did a descriptive study of the gender distribution among session leaders and abstract presenters at 2 European cardio-thoracic international meetings from 2017 to 2022. Data from publicly available programmes were used to generate a list of session leaders and abstract presenters. The primary outcome was to evaluate the proportion of female sessions leaders at the annual meetings. Descriptive analyses were performed including the Cochran-Armitage trend test for linear trend of proportions. RESULTS A total of 1025 sessions of 11 annual meetings of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons were examined. A total of 397 (13.2%) out of 3007 total session leaders and 955 (15.2%) out of 6251 abstract presenters were female. From 2017 to 2022, the proportions of both female session leaders and abstract presenters trended significantly [10.4% to 21.9% (P < 0.001) and 13.7% to 18.3% (P < 0.001), respectively]. The EACTS female members and female meeting attendees significantly increased from 2017 to 2022 [11.1% to 15.9% (P < 0.001) and 23.7% to 26.9% (P < 0.001)], respectively. Most of the women attendees at the EACTS and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons meetings who were session leaders and speakers came from Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States. CONCLUSIONS Women are under-represented compared to men in leadership and speaking roles at European cardio-thoracic surgical annual meetings. In the past few years, an encouraging positive trend over time for female leadership roles has been noted; as a result, the proportion of female society members is represented at the annual meetings. However, a substantial gender gap still exists in leading roles of meeting attendees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Galeone
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bernabei
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Julie Cleuziou
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Menezes
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, CHUM Endoscopic Tracheo-bronchial and Oesophageal Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Samina Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jolanda Kluin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Pinho-Gomes AC, Peters SAE, Woodward M. Gender equality related to gender differences in life expectancy across the globe gender equality and life expectancy. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001214. [PMID: 36963039 PMCID: PMC10021358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Life expectancy (LE) depends on the wider determinants of health, many of which have gendered effects worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether gender equality was associated with LE for women and men and the gender gap in LE across the globe. Gender equality in 156 countries was estimated using a modified global gender gap index (mGGGI), based on the index developed by the World Economic Forum between 2010 and 2021. Linear regression was used to investigate the association between the mGGGI and its economic, political, and education subindices and the gender gap in LE and women and men's LE. Overall, the mGGGI increased from 58% in 2010 to 62% in 2021. Globally, changes in the mGGGI and its economic and political subindexes were not associated with changes in the gender gap in LE or with LE for women and men between 2010 and 2020. Improvements in gender equality in education were associated with a longer LE for women and men and widening of the gender gap in LE. In 2021, each 10% increase in the mGGGI was associated with a 4.3-month increase in women's LE and a 3.5-month increase in men's LE, and thus with an 8-month wider gender gap. However, the direction and magnitude of these associations varied between regions. Each 10% increase in the mGGGI was associated with a 6-month narrower gender gap in high-income countries, and a 13- and 16-month wider gender gap in South and Southeast Asia and Oceania, and in Sub-Saharan Africa, respectively. Globally, greater gender equality is associated with longer LE for both women and men and a widening of the gender gap in LE. The variation in this association across world regions suggests that gender equality may change as countries progress towards socioeconomic development and gender equality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Catarina Pinho-Gomes
- The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanne A E Peters
- The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Woodward
- The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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4
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Zhang L, Li M, Yang Y, Xia L, Min K, Liu T, Liu Y, Kaslow NJ, Liu DY, Tang YL, Jiang F, Liu H. Gender differences in the experience of burnout and its correlates among Chinese psychiatric nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A large-sample nationwide survey. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2022; 31:1480-1491. [PMID: 35957615 PMCID: PMC9538055 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric nurses often experience burnout and other mental health symptoms. However, few studies have examined these phenomena and gender-specific associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. We surveyed a national sample of psychiatric nurses (N = 8971) from 41 tertiary psychiatric hospitals in China as part of a large national survey conducted during the pandemic. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey was used to assess burnout and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 was used to assess mental health symptoms. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to explore factors associated with burnout in the entire sample and separately by gender. The overall prevalence of burnout was 27.27%, with the rate in male psychiatric nurses (32.24%) being significantly higher than that in female psychiatric nurses (25.97%). Many key demographic factors (such as the male gender and marital status), work-related variables (such as a mid-level professional title, having an administrative position, longer working hours, more monthly night shifts, and the perceived negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical work) were significantly associated with burnout in the whole sample. Moreover, burnout was associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in the whole sample. Gender-specific factors associated with burnout were also identified: burnout was associated with night shifts in male psychiatric nurses, whereas it was associated with single or married marital status, a mid-level professional title, and having an administrative position among female psychiatric nurses. The high rates of burnout and mental health symptoms in psychiatric nurses need attention from hospital administrators. While mental health symptoms, longer working hours, and the perceived impact of COVID-19 are associated with burnout in both genders, gender-specific factors also warrant special attention when developing gender-specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengdie Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yating Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kaiyuan Min
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tingfang Liu
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanli Liu
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nadine J Kaslow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daphne Y Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yi-Lang Tang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Feng Jiang
- Institute of Healthy Yangtze River Delta, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanzhong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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5
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Wolvetang S, van Dongen JM, Speklé E, Coenen P, Schaafsma F. Sick Leave Due to Stress, What are the Costs for Dutch Employers? JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2022; 32:764-772. [PMID: 35575823 PMCID: PMC9109658 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-022-10042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Stress-related illnesses are prevalent in Western society, causing sick leave and putting a heavy economic burden on employers and society. For Dutch employers it is particularly relevant to have insight into the costs of absenteeism due to stress-related illness, as they are legally obligated to continue payment of wages. Therefore, this study assessed the duration and costs of an episode of sick leave due to stress-related illness for Dutch employers. Methods Data on sick leave due to various stress-related illnesses were obtained from a nationwide occupational health service database. Stress-related illnesses included tension complaints, burn-out, overexertion, and other reactions to stress. The duration per sick leave episode was estimated in working days, after which the average cost per sick leave period was estimated using age- and gender-specific price weights. Results During the study period, 16,676 employees took 17,338 episodes of sick leave due to stress-related illness. On average, one episode of sick leave lasted 101 working days, for which the costs for the employer were on average €19,151 per worker. Women were responsible for most episodes of sick leave and were on average 37 days more absent per episode compared to men. Moreover, of all kinds of stress-related illnesses, burn-out had the longest duration of sick leave with 313 calendar days and 163 working days, resulting in an average cost of €30,770. Conclusions Sick leave due to stress-related illness places a heavy burden on employers and thus society. Further research should be conducted on how to reduce this burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjors Wolvetang
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Maria van Dongen
- Faculty of Science, Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Speklé
- Arbo Unie, Occupational Health Service, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Coenen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederieke Schaafsma
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Kogan LR, Booth M, Rishniw M. Factors that impact recruitment and retention of veterinarians in emergency practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:1986-1992. [PMID: 36227803 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.07.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine factors that impact emergency veterinarians' decisions in selecting a place of employment and their perceptions of factors important in fostering a work environment conducive to long-term employment. SAMPLE 433 Veterinary Information Network members who reported practicing emergency medicine in the US and were not diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care. PROCEDURES An electronic survey distributed via the Veterinary Information Network data collection portal, made available from May 25, 2022, through June 15, 2022. RESULTS Factors rated as most important in selecting a place of employment included working with a highly trained support staff and collegiality of coworkers. Factor analysis was used to extract factors that can influence emergency medicine practitioners' views of a work environment conducive to long-term employment. The factor found to be most important was leadership. All factors, except for professional growth, were rated as more important by female practitioners when compared to male practitioners. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Aspects promoted in emergency medicine veterinarian recruitment efforts should include, in addition to the innate nature of the position, the elements identified as most attractive to current practitioners. By better understanding the impact of gender, children status, and years practicing emergency medicine on the relative importance in creating workplace environments conducive to long term employment, hospitals can be better equipped to meet the needs of both their current employees as well as potential new hires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori R Kogan
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Matthew Booth
- 2NVA Compassion-First Specialty and Emergency Medicine Animal Hospitals, Boulder, CO
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Shroff FM, Tsang R, Schwartz N, Alkhadragy R, Vora K. And Still She Rises: Policies for Improving Women's Health for a More Equitable Post-Pandemic World. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10104. [PMID: 36011740 PMCID: PMC9408478 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has spawned crises of violence, hunger and impoverishment. Maternal and Infant Health Canada (MIHCan) conducted this policy action study to explore how changes that have arisen during the COVID-19 pandemic may catalyze potential improvements in global women's health toward the creation of a more equitable post-pandemic world. In this mixed methods study, 280 experts in women's health responded to our survey and 65 subsequently participated in focus groups, including professionals from India, Egypt/Sudan, Canada and the United States/Mexico. From the results of this study, our recommendations include augmenting mental health through more open dialogue, valuing and compensating those working on the frontlines through living wages, paid sick leave and enhanced benefits and expanding digital technology that facilitates flexible work locations, thereby freeing time for improving the wellbeing of caregivers and families and offering telemedicine and telecounseling, which delivers greater access to care. We also recommend bridging the digital divide through the widespread provision of reliable and affordable internet services and digital literacy training. These policy recommendations for employers, governments and health authorities aim to improve mental and physical wellbeing and working conditions, while leveraging the potential of digital technology for healthcare provision for those who identify as women, knowing that others will benefit. MIHCan took action on the recommendation to improve mental health through open conversation by facilitating campaigns in all study regions. Despite the devastation of the pandemic on global women's health, implementing these changes could yield improvements for years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah M. Shroff
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Maternal and Infant Health Canada, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ricky Tsang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Rania Alkhadragy
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 8366004, Egypt
| | - Kranti Vora
- Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar 382042, India
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Working Hours and Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms According to Shift Work and Gender. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:e316-e321. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Figuerola B, Valiente N, Barbosa A, Brasier MJ, Colominas-Ciuró R, Convey P, Liggett D, Fernández-Martínez MA, Gonzalez S, Griffiths HJ, Jawak SD, Merican F, Noll D, Prudencio J, Quaglio F, Pertierra LR. Shifting Perspectives in Polar Research: Global Lessons on the Barriers and Drivers for Securing Academic Careers in Natural Sciences. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.777009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The polar regions provide valuable insights into the functioning of the Earth’s regulating systems. Conducting field research in such harsh and remote environments requires strong international cooperation, extended planning horizons, sizable budgets and long-term investment. Consequently, polar research is particularly vulnerable to societal and economic pressures during periods of austerity. The global financial crisis of 2008, and the ensuing decade of economic slowdown, have already adversely affected polar research, and the current COVID-19 pandemic has added further pressure. In this article we present the outcomes of a community survey that aimed to assess the main barriers and success factors identified by academic researchers at all career stages in response to these global crises. The survey results indicate that the primary barriers faced by polar early and mid-career researchers (EMCRs) act at institutional level, while mitigating factors are developed at individual and group levels. Later career scientists report pressure toward taking early retirement as a means of institutions saving money, reducing both academic leadership and the often unrecognized but vital mentor roles that many play. Gender and social inequalities are also perceived as important barriers. Reorganization of institutional operations and more effective strategies for long-term capacity building and retaining of talent, along with reduction in non-research duties shouldered by EMCRs, would make important contributions toward ensuring continued vitality and innovation in the polar research community.
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Roh KR, Kim EB. An Analysis of Male and Female Managers' Responses to Work Stress: Focused on the Case of South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111119. [PMID: 34769637 PMCID: PMC8582729 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to determine how work the stress of female and male managers in Korean companies influences their capabilities and career development behavior and analyzes how it affects their turnover intention. According to the analysis results determined using the panel data from the Korean Women’s Development Institute, first, work stress experienced by managers increases their turnover intentions regardless of gender. Secondly, more work stress decreases the development behavior of male mangers but strengthens the career development behavior of female managers. Thirdly, greater work stress decreases manager capabilities but strengthens the capabilities of female managers. Fourthly, career development behavior and capabilities as a mediator variable act differently according to gender on the relationship between work stress and turnover intention. We discussed the results of this study while considering the peculiarities of Korea, which has strong male-centered corporate culture, and presented theoretical and practical implications of the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ran Roh
- Department of Education, Education College, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 02844, Korea;
| | - Eun-Bee Kim
- Department of Liberal Arts, Wesley Creative Convergence College, HyupSung University, Hwaseong 18330, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Waters L, Cameron K, Nelson-Coffey SK, Crone DL, Kern ML, Lomas T, Oades L, Owens RL, Pawelski JO, Rashid T, Warren MA, White MA, Williams P. Collective wellbeing and posttraumatic growth during COVID-19: how positive psychology can help families, schools, workplaces and marginalized communities. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2021.1940251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Waters
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kim Cameron
- Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Damien L. Crone
- Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Margaret L. Kern
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tim Lomas
- University of East London, London, UK
| | - Lindsay Oades
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rhea L. Owens
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - James O. Pawelski
- Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tayyab Rashid
- Health & Wellness Centre, University of Toronto Scarborough (UTSC), Canada
| | - Meg A. Warren
- College of Business and Economics, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | | | - Paige Williams
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Australia
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12
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Oliveira RS, Schneider BC, Callo-Quinte G, Oliveira IO, Gonçalves H, Wehrmeister FC, Menezes AMB. Prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health in young adults: A birth cohort from southern Brazil. Am Heart J 2021; 235:65-73. [PMID: 33508220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ideal cardiovascular health (ICH) aims at primordial prevention of cardiovascular diseases in the population. However, there is a lack of research describing ICH in youth from middle-income countries. The aims of this study were to describe the prevalence of ICH at 18- and 22-year-old and to investigate the influence of socioeconomic status. METHODS The sample consisted of participants from the Pelotas 1993 birth-cohort followed-up at 18- (n = 4,106) and 22-year-old (n = 3,810). Ideal metrics were created for diet, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and blood glucose. The presence of 4 or more ideal metrics was defined as ICH. Socioeconomic status was obtained using wealth quintiles calculated with factor analysis based on analysis based on the ownership of household and education. The impact of socioeconomic status on ICH metrics was statistically measured using the slope index of inequality. RESULTS The prevalence of ICH was 84.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 82.7-86.2%) and 84.1% (82.3-85.8%) at 18-year-old and decreased to 61.1% (58.4-63.7%) and 68.7% (66.2-71.2%) at 22-years old, for male and female, respectively. Socioeconomic status influenced ICH and its components differently in males and females. Wealthiest females had ICH prevalence 19 percentage points (pp) (11-27 pp) higher compared to the poorest, whereas poorest males had ICH prevalence 12 pp (1-21 pp) higher compared to the wealthiest. Longitudinal decreases in ICH components were mostly present in the poorest females. CONCLUSIONS In middle-income countries, the prevalence of ICH is high at 18-year-old and decreases in a 4-year follow-up. Socioeconomic status influences differently individuals' ICH between sexes. Efforts are needed to maintain ICH in youth and different strategies may be required between the social status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Tracy
- From the Division of Cardiology Rush Heart Center for Women Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL
| | - Annabelle Santos Volgman
- From the Division of Cardiology Rush Heart Center for Women Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL
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14
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Yu HZ, Fu T, Zhou JN, Ke P, Wang YX. More Depression-Related Public Concern After the Suicide of a Pop Star in China: Evidence From the Online Big Data Platform. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:629904. [PMID: 33889095 PMCID: PMC8055860 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.629904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In China, we have seen dramatic increases in public concern over depression and mental health after the suicide of some famous persons. The objective of this study is to investigate the changes of search-engine query patterns to monitor this phenomenon based on the tragic suicide of a young Chinese pop star, Kimi Qiao. Methods: The daily search volume for depression was retrieved from both the Baidu Index (BDI) and the Sina MicroBlog Index (SMI). Besides, the daily BDI for suicide, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, common cold, stomach cancer, and liver cancer were collected for comparison. According to the time of Qiao's suicide, all data were divided into two periods (i.e., Period One from 1 September 2015 to 31 August 2016 while Period Two ranged from 1 October 2016 to 30 September 2017). The paired t-test was used to compare the differences in search volumes between two periods. The Pearson correlation analysis was used to estimate correlations between the BDI and SMI for depression. Results: The average BDI for depression, BDI for suicide, and SMI for depression in Period Two were significantly higher than in Period One (p < 0.05). There was a strong positive correlation between the BDI and SMI for depression (r = 0.97, p < 0.001). And no significant difference in BDI for other diseases between the two periods was found. Conclusions: The changes of search-engine query patterns indicated that the celebrity's suicide might be able to improve the netizens' concern about depression in China. The study suggests publishing more practical knowledge and advice on depression through the Internet and social media, to improve the public's mental health literacy and help people to cope with their depressive symptoms appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhang Yu
- Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Fu
- Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Nan Zhou
- Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ke
- Air Force Hangzhou Special Service Recuperation Center Sanatorium Area 3, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Xia Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Lin W, Wang H, Gong L, Lai G, Zhao X, Ding H, Wang Y. Work stress, family stress, and suicide ideation: A cross-sectional survey among working women in Shenzhen, China. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:747-754. [PMID: 32919296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the associations of work characteristics, work stress, and family stress with suicide ideation among working women, further to detect potential joint effects between different types of stress. METHODS From March to June in 2015, a cross-sectional survey on working women were conducted in Shenzhen, China. Demographic and work characteristics, work stress, family stress, and suicide ideation were collected. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to assess possible associations by calculating the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confident intervals (CI). RESULTS Totally 968 working women were included with a mean age of 31.62 (standard deviation: 7.43) years. The prevalence of suicide ideation was 19.4%. We found that night shift work, sickness absence, work stress, and family stress were positively associated with suicide ideation, after adjusting for age, education level, marital status, and occupation type. None joint effect on multiplicative or additive scale of work stress and family stress on suicide ideation was found (P for multiplicative and additive interaction: 0.736 and 0.595, respectively), however, women with both high work stress and high family stress appeared more than five-time odds of suicide ideation (OR: 5.253, 95%CI: 2.982∼9.252). LIMITATIONS We did not collect information on other psychosocial profiles and failed to explore potential mediated effects within current associations. CONCLUSIONS This study lends support to suicide prevention that immediate relief allocated to working women with both high level of work stress and family stress is warranted of necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Department of Healthcare, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Women Healthcare, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Lin Gong
- Women Health Center, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Guiying Lai
- Department of Healthcare, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- Department of Healthcare, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China; School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Yueyun Wang
- Department of Healthcare, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, China; Research Institute of Maternity and Child Healthcare, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518028, China.
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16
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Weekly Working Hours and Mental Health Status in Different Occupations: Evidence From the 2015 to 2016 California Health Interview Survey. J Occup Environ Med 2020; 61:e452-e458. [PMID: 31567660 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to identify shapes of the curves between weekly working hours (WWH) and mental health status (MHS) and determine WWH for the best MHS in 13 occupations. METHODS This cross-sectional study applied public data of the 2015 to 2016 California Health Interview Survey. Restricted cubic spline regression was used to determine non-linear trends. RESULTS A statistically significant nearly V-shaped curve was demonstrated between WWH and MHS in total population, men and management, business and finance occupations. WWH for the best MHS were 42, 45, and 46 hours, respectively. CONCLUSION These results suggest MHS be susceptible to WWH in total population, men and management, business and finance occupations. WWH for the best MHS for relevant populations could provide evidence for better work hours regulations in California.
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17
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Fathima FN, Awor P, Yen YC, Gnanaselvam NA, Zakham F. Challenges and coping strategies faced by female scientists-A multicentric cross sectional study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238635. [PMID: 32956356 PMCID: PMC7505433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Women can play a pivotal role in the progress and sustainability of the world if they are empowered through education and employment opportunities in Science, technology, innovation and through changing the social stereotypes that restrain them in certain workplaces. In the literature, few recently published studies exist that document the challenges faced by female scientists in their workplaces. The purpose of this study was to understand the challenges and coping strategies faced by female scientists around the world today, in order to contribute to their improved performance. A multi-centre electronic cross-sectional survey across 55 countries was conducted to profile female scientists and to identify the challenges that they experience throughout their career as well as the coping mechanisms that they use to overcome the barriers. A total of 263 female scientists from different countries across the world participated in our study and most participants were from the South East Asian Region. Most female scientists in our study belong to the middle and junior level career category and earning around 1250 USD per month. Most of the scientists reported availability of maternity leave at their workplace but less than a third reported presence of a creche at work. Workplace sexual harassment was reported by 24% of the study population. Work related stress (71.5%) and work life imbalance (46%) are also major challenges faced by female scientists. Self-confidence, dedication and hard work are the most commonly adopted coping strategy. Flexible work timings, woman-friendly management policies, fair appraisal and mentorship appear to reduce the work-related stress and improve work-life balance among female scientists. In conclusion, female scientists face numerous challenges, which can greatly affect both their individual and career growth. Intrinsic (personal) and extrinsic (institutional) factors are important for improving female scientists' wellbeing and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Naaz Fathima
- Department of Community Health, St John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - Phyllis Awor
- School of Public Health, Colleague of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Yi-Chun Yen
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Fathiah Zakham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah, Yemen
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18
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Winkler MR, Telke S, Ahonen EQ, Crane MM, Mason SM, Neumark-Sztainer D. Constrained choices: Combined influences of work, social circumstances, and social location on time-dependent health behaviors. SSM Popul Health 2020; 11:100562. [PMID: 32195314 PMCID: PMC7078433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity and sleep are two time-dependent behaviors with important health implications. The amount of time people have to engage in these behaviors may vary based on their everyday work, social circumstances (e.g., parenthood), and social location (e.g., gender). AIMS The current study aimed to explore the ways work, social circumstances, and social locations combine that lead to heterogeneity in the time-dependent health behaviors of physical activity and time spent in bed (i.e., sleep) among a young adult population. We drew upon two conceptual frameworks-Constrained Choices and an intersectionality perspective-and examined multiple work characteristics (e.g., number of jobs), social circumstances (e.g., household income), and social locations (e.g., U.S. nativity) relevant to young adulthood. METHODS 2015-2016 data from a Minneapolis-St. Paul, U.S. cohort of 1830 young adults (25-36 years) were analyzed using conditional inference tree (CIT)-a data-driven approach which identifies population sub-groups that differ in their outcome values as well as in the interacting factors that predict outcome differences. Sensitivity analyses to evaluate CIT robustness were also performed. RESULTS CITs revealed four relevant sub-groups for physical activity (sub-group averages ranged = 2.9-4.9 h per week), with working mothers achieving the least activity, and six relevant sub-groups for time in bed (range = 7.8-8.7 h per day), with full-time working men obtaining the least. In both models, parent status and employment status/hours were found to consistently differentiate behavior among women but not men. CONCLUSION According to these data, time to engage in physical activity and time in bed was constrained by particular everyday contexts (work and parent status) and the extent to which these contexts mattered also depended on gender. If replicated in other studies, results suggest equitable strategies are necessary to assist all parents and workers in engaging in these time-dependent health behaviors for long-term health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R. Winkler
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Susan Telke
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Emily Q. Ahonen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa M. Crane
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susan M. Mason
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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19
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van der Hoek-Snieders HEM, Boymans M, Sorgdrager B, Dreschler WA. Factors influencing the need for recovery in employees with hearing loss: a cross-sectional study of health administrative data. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2020; 93:1023-1035. [PMID: 32507999 PMCID: PMC7519912 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Need for recovery is a predictor of work stress and health problems, but its underlying factors are not yet well understood. We aimed to identify hearing-related, work-related, and personal factors influencing need for recovery in hearing-impaired employees. Methods We retrospectively identified hearing-impaired employees (N = 294) that were referred to the Amsterdam University Medical Center between 2004 and 2019. Routinely obtained healthcare data were used, including a survey and hearing assessments. A directed acyclic graph was constructed, revealing the hypothesized structure of factors influencing need for recovery as well as the minimal set of factors needed for multiple regression analysis. Results Four variables were included in the regression analysis. In total, 46.1% of the variance in need for recovery was explained by the factors feeling that something should change at work (B = 19.01, p < 0.001), self-perceived listening effort (B = 1.84, p < 0.001), personal adaptations scale score (B = − 0.34, p < .001), and having a moderate/poor general health condition (B = 20.06, p < 0.001). Although degree of hearing loss was associated with self-perceived listening effort, the direct association between degree of hearing loss and need for recovery was not significant. Conclusions The results suggest that the way employees perceive their hearing loss and how they cope with it directly influence need for recovery, rather than their measured degree of hearing loss. Additionally, general health condition was found to be an independent factor for need for recovery. The results should be confirmed by future, longitudinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke E M van der Hoek-Snieders
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Clinical and Experimental Audiology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Monique Boymans
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Clinical and Experimental Audiology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Sorgdrager
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands Centre of Occupational Diseases, Coronel Institute AmCOGG, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter A Dreschler
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Clinical and Experimental Audiology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Chawla S, Sharma RR. Enhancing Women's Well-Being: The Role of Psychological Capital and Perceived Gender Equity, With Social Support as a Moderator and Commitment as a Mediator. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1377. [PMID: 31275203 PMCID: PMC6593049 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to determine the role of psychological capital and perceived gender equity on employee well-being, particularly women, and assess if commitment mediates and social support moderates the relationships between psychological capital, perceived gender equity, and well-being. A personal survey method was employed for data collection using standardized measures from a representative sample of 433 managers (201 women and 233 men) from private sector companies in India. The findings revealed that perceived gender equity in the workplace positively impacts employee well-being for both men and women, with the greater impact being on women's well-being. To Facilitate employee well-being, organizations can leverage the strengths of psychological capital through training interventions and can promote perceived gender equity through appropriate policies and practices. This bridges the knowledge gap in developing and utilizing psychological capital to enhance employee well-being, especially for women, who are under pressure due to their demanding multiple roles at work and home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Chawla
- Organizational Behavior, Management Development Institute, Gurgaon, India
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21
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Olsson A, Erlandsson LK, Håkansson C. The occupation-based intervention REDO™-10: Long-term impact on work ability for women at risk for or on sick leave. Scand J Occup Ther 2019; 27:47-55. [DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2019.1614215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Olsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena-Karin Erlandsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Health and Well fare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Carita Håkansson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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22
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Pascua M, Kushner T, Woodward Z. Promoting Leadership by Women in Gastroenterology-Lessons Learned and Future Directions. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:1548-1552. [PMID: 30849311 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monina Pascua
- The Oregon Clinic Gastroenterology, Tualatin, Oregon.
| | - Tatyana Kushner
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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23
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Dich N, Lund R, Hansen ÅM, Rod NH. Mental and physical health effects of meaningful work and rewarding family responsibilities. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214916. [PMID: 31017925 PMCID: PMC6481914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive feelings about work and family responsibilities benefit psychological well-being, but their physical health effects remain unexplored. The study assessed whether meaningful work and reward from taking care of family benefitted physical health to the same degree as mental health. Participants were 181 Danes aged 49–51. Participants reported on working conditions, providing care to family, depressive symptoms, and perceived stress. Physical health was operationalized as a physiological dysregulation (e.g., hypertension, high levels of blood sugar and cholesterol, high body mass index). A multidimensional index of physiological dysregulation was created using parameters of cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune function. As expected, meaningful work and sense of reward from taking care of family members were associated with better mental health. However, in women, the very same factors were positively associated with higher physiological dysregulation. We conclude that work and family factors promoting psychological well-being may have physical health trade-offs, particularly in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadya Dich
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen. Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Rikke Lund
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen. Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Åse Marie Hansen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen. Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja Hulvej Rod
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen. Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Alenljung M, Ranada ÅL, Liedberg GM. Struggling with everyday life after mild stroke with cognitive impairments – The experiences of working age women. Br J Occup Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0308022618800184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to explore how women of working age who have had a mild stroke resulting in cognitive impairment experience and manage their everyday lives. Method Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The participants consisted of 10 women of working age who had sustained cognitive impairment after a mild stroke. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results Three main categories appeared: The everyday is affected by the symptoms, Living strategies, and The social environment effects and changes. Participants feel insecure about their abilities and capabilities, experience anxiety and fear in relation to work, and find it hard to live up to demands and expectations. They are required to plan their daily activities in a new way and to prioritise chores that benefit the family, rather than follow their own interests and social activities. In order to cope with everyday life, they need to allocate chores to other family members. Conclusions The constant impact of fatigue and cognitive impairments affects everyday life. The women said that they had to learn to continuously manage their limitations through their experience of everyday life, something that can be facilitated with occupational therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alenljung
- Occupational therapist, Department of Rehabilitation and Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Åsa Larsson Ranada
- Lecturer, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Gunilla M Liedberg
- Associate Professor, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, Sweden
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25
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Jarab AS, Alefishat E, Mukattash TL, Albawab AQ, Abu‐Farha RK, McElnay JC. Exploring variables associated with poor health‐related quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes in Jordan. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jphs.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anan S. Jarab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
| | - Eman Alefishat
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy the University of JordanAmman Jordan
| | - Tareq L. Mukattash
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
| | - Abdel Qader Albawab
- Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy Al‐Zaytoonah University of Jordan Amman Jordan
| | - Rana K. Abu‐Farha
- Department of Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan
| | - James C. McElnay
- Clinical and Practice Research Group School of Pharmacy Queen's University of Belfast Northern Ireland UK
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26
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Kaso M, Miyazaki K, Nakayama T. A qualitative study on coping behaviors and influencing factors among mothers in Japan raising children under three years old while experiencing physical and mental subjective symptoms. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2018; 18:14. [PMID: 29321019 PMCID: PMC5764027 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-017-0494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No studies illustrating the coping behaviors of mothers experiencing physical and mental subjective symptoms, or the factors that contribute to these behaviors, have been investigated. Therefore, the present study sought to develop a conceptual framework on the coping behaviors and contributing factors of mothers experiencing physical and mental subjective symptoms. METHODS This qualitative study involved theoretical sampling and semi-structured interviews of mothers who were raising children under 3 years of age in Japan and had experienced physical and mental subjective symptoms since giving birth. Women who were pregnant, required regular medical exams, or had difficulty communicating in Japanese were excluded. All mothers were recruited via personal contacts, snowball sampling, and posters at a community center and nursery schools. Analysis was conducted using the constant comparative method. The interview data were extracted in contextual units based on analytical themes, and concepts were generated. Relationships between concepts were investigated and categorized. To confirm theoretical saturation and ensure the validity of the data, a study supervisor was appointed, four qualitative researchers examined the results, and the interview respondents underwent member checking. RESULTS There were a total of 21 participants. Thirteen categories were created from 29 concepts identified from the analytical theme "What do mothers do when raising children under 3 years of age while experiencing physical and mental subjective symptoms?" While experiencing subjective symptoms, mothers raising children under 3 years of age tended to lead a child-centric lifestyle and were hesitant to visit the doctor, not only because of typical reasons such as time and costs, but also because of factors related to their child. Some circumstances occurring while experiencing physical and mental subjective symptoms led mothers to put their own needs first and attempt to cope on their own as much as possible. As a result, most mothers would only visit a doctor after becoming seriously ill. CONCLUSION Mothers raising children under 3 years of age in Japan tend to put their own needs on hold when experiencing subjective symptoms. As a result, they attempt to cope on their own and, at times, only visit a doctor after becoming seriously ill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Kaso
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Kikuko Miyazaki
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takeo Nakayama
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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27
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Schiller H, Lekander M, Rajaleid K, Hellgren C, Åkerstedt T, Barck-Holst P, Kecklund G. Total workload and recovery in relation to worktime reduction: a randomised controlled intervention study with time-use data. Occup Environ Med 2017; 75:218-226. [PMID: 29183947 PMCID: PMC5869453 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives A 25% reduction of weekly work hours for full-time employees has been shown to improve sleep and alertness and reduce stress during both workdays and days off. The aim of the present study was to investigate how employees use their time during such an intervention: does total workload (paid and non-paid work) decrease, and recovery time increase, when work hours are reduced? Methods Full-time employees within the public sector (n=636; 75% women) were randomised into intervention group and control group. The intervention group (n=370) reduced worktime to 75% with preserved salary during 18 months. Data were collected at baseline, after 9 months and 18 months. Time-use was reported every half-hour daily between 06:00 and 01:00 during 1 week at each data collection. Data were analysed with multilevel mixed modelling. Results Compared with the control group, the intervention group increased the time spent on domestic work and relaxing hobby activities during workdays when worktime was reduced (P≤0.001). On days off, more time was spent in free-time activities (P=0.003). Total workload decreased (−65 min) and time spent in recovery activities increased on workdays (+53 min). The pattern of findings was similar in subgroups defined by gender, family status and job situation. Conclusions A worktime reduction of 25% for full-time workers resulted in decreased total workload and an increase of time spent in recovery activities, which is in line with the suggestion that worktime reduction may be beneficial for long-term health and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Schiller
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Lekander
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristiina Rajaleid
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carina Hellgren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Åkerstedt
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Barck-Holst
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholms County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Kecklund
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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28
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Stitou M, Bourgeault IL, Kohen D. The Job Content, Context, and Requirements of Regulated Home-Based Childcare Workers. New Solut 2017; 27:607-628. [PMID: 29110560 DOI: 10.1177/1048291117739417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Contrary to a large and growing literature on center-based childcare workers, we know little about the work and health experiences of those providing childcare services in their homes. This study examines the job content, context, and requirements of regulated Home-Based Childcare workers in Canada. It is based on the qualitative analysis of eleven individual semistructured interviews. These workers perform business administration tasks and more housekeeping and domestic work than those in the center-based childcare, which affect their health and well-being. In addition, they reported factors related to the context and the content of their job such as the high physical and mental efforts, the absence of contact with other adults during working hours, the lack of external help, the exposure to noise and bad odors, the interference of work with personal and family life, the precarious remuneration, and the lack of benefits as potential factors that may affect their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Stitou
- 1 56004 University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Dafna Kohen
- 1 56004 University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Relative Earnings and Depressive Symptoms among Working Parents: Gender Differences in the Effect of Relative Income on Depressive Symptoms. SEX ROLES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-017-0848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Blom V, Svedberg P, Bergström G, Mather L, Lindfors P. Stress in paid and unpaid work as related to cortisol and subjective health complaints in women working in the public health care sector. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-12-2016-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Focusing on 420 women employed within the woman-dominated health care sector, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how any variation in their total workload (TWL) in terms of paid and unpaid work relate to various subjective health complaints (SHC) (n=420) and the neuroendocrine stress marker cortisol (n=68).
Design/methodology/approach
The authors explored how any variation in their TWL in terms of paid and unpaid work related cross-sectionally to SHC (n=420), and the neuroendocrine stress marker cortisol (n=68).
Findings
Hierarchical regression analyses showed that stress of unpaid work was most strongly related to diurnal variations in cortisol. Both stress of paid and unpaid work as well as TWL stress, but not hours spent on TWL, were related to SHC.
Practical implications
Taken together, objective measures of hours spent on various TWL domains were unrelated to outcome measures while perceptions of having too much TWL and TWL stress were linked to both cortisol and SHC, i.e. how individuals perceive a situation seem to be more important for health than the actual situation, which has implications for research and efforts to reduce individual TWL.
Originality/value
This study is unique in showing that unpaid work and perceptions having too much TWL relate to stress markers in women working in the public health care sector.
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Marker RJ, Balter JE, Nofsinger ML, Anton D, Fethke NB, Maluf KS. Upper trapezius muscle activity in healthy office workers: reliability and sensitivity of occupational exposure measures to differences in sex and hand dominance. ERGONOMICS 2016; 59:1205-14. [PMID: 26924036 PMCID: PMC9333326 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2015.1130860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of cervical muscle activity may contribute to overuse injuries in office workers. The purpose of this investigation was to characterise patterns of upper trapezius muscle activity in pain-free office workers using traditional occupational exposure measures and a modified Active Amplitude Probability Distribution Function (APDF), which considers only periods of active muscle contraction. Bilateral trapezius muscle activity was recorded in 77 pain-free office workers for 1-2 full days in their natural work environment. Mean amplitude, gap frequency, muscular rest and Traditional and Active APDF amplitudes were calculated. All measures demonstrated fair to substantial reliability. Dominant muscles demonstrated higher amplitudes of activity and less muscular rest compared to non-dominant, and women demonstrated less muscular rest with no significant difference in amplitude assessed by Active APDF compared to men. These findings provide normative data to identify atypical motor patterns that may contribute to persistence or recurrence of neck pain in office workers. Practitioner Summary: Upper trapezius muscle activity was characterised in a large cohort of pain-free workers using electromyographic recordings from office environments. Dominant muscles demonstrated higher activity and less rest than non-dominant, and women demonstrated less rest than men. Results may be used to identify atypical trapezius muscle activity in office workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Marker
- Rehabilitation Science Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jaclyn E. Balter
- Physical Therapy Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Micaela L. Nofsinger
- Physical Therapy Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dan Anton
- Department of Physical Therapy, Eastern Washington University, Spokane WA, USA
| | - Nathan B. Fethke
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City IA, USA
| | - Katrina S. Maluf
- Rehabilitation Science Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Physical Therapy Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests long work hours adversely affect mental health across a variety of domains. Mental health issues have been found to negatively affect work performance. This finding was highlighted in the aviation industry by the 2015 Germanwings incident in which 150 people died. Further investigation into work hours and their associated factors (e.g., demographic characteristics and experiences of sleep and fatigue in the cockpit) contributing to mental health issues among pilots is warranted. A cross-sectional survey investigating attitudes and experiences of fatigue was developed and distributed to commercial airline pilots. Results found pilots who reported typically spending longer hours on duty per week were twice as likely to report feeling depressed or anxious. Pilots' experiences of job-related sleep disturbance and fatigue may explain why pilots who typically spend long hours on duty each week are more likely to report feeling depressed or anxious.
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Arcas MM, Delclos GL, Torá-Rocamora I, Martínez JM, Benavides FG. Gender differences in the duration of non-work-related sickness absence episodes due to musculoskeletal disorders. J Epidemiol Community Health 2016; 70:1065-1073. [PMID: 27177580 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is wide evidence that women present longer duration of sickness absence (SA) than men. Musculoskeletal disorders are influenced by gender due to the sexual division of work. METHODS 354 432 episodes of non-work-related SA due to musculoskeletal disorders, which were registered in Catalonia between 2005 and 2008, were selected. The outcome variable was the duration of SA. Frailty survival models, stratified by sex and adjusted for explanatory variables (age, employment status, case management, economic activity and repeated episode), were fitted to study the association between each variable and the duration of SA, obtaining HRs. RESULTS Women presented longer SA episodes than men in all variable categories. A trend from shorter to longer duration of SA with increasing age was observed in men, whereas in women, it had a fluctuating pattern. Analysing most frequent diagnostic subgroups from the sample, only 'non-specific lumbago' and 'sciatic lumbago' showed these age patterns. Frailty survival models applied to these 2 subgroups confirmed the described age patterns in SA duration. CONCLUSIONS Women have longer non-work-related SA due to musculoskeletal disorders than men. However, while men have longer absences as their age increases, in women some older groups have shorter absences than younger ones. These findings could be explained by gender differences in the interaction between paid work and family demands. Our results highlight the need for continued research on SA from a gender perspective, in order to improve management of SA in terms of clinical practice and public policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marta Arcas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Educational Unit Hospital del Mar- Universitat Pompeu Fabra - Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - George L Delclos
- Center for Research in Occupational Health, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Isabel Torá-Rocamora
- Center for Research in Occupational Health, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José Miguel Martínez
- Center for Research in Occupational Health, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Fernando G Benavides
- Center for Research in Occupational Health, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Ahlgren C, Fjellman-Wiklund A, Hamberg K, Johansson EE, Stålnacke BM. The meanings given to gender in studies on multimodal rehabilitation for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain – a literature review. Disabil Rehabil 2016; 38:2255-70. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2015.1127435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Platt J, Prins S, Bates L, Keyes K. Unequal depression for equal work? How the wage gap explains gendered disparities in mood disorders. Soc Sci Med 2015; 149:1-8. [PMID: 26689629 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety, are more prevalent among women than men. This disparity may be partially due to the effects of structural gender discrimination in the work force, which acts to perpetuate gender differences in opportunities and resources and may manifest as the gender wage gap. We sought to quantify and operationalize the wage gap in order to explain the gender disparity in depression and anxiety disorders, using data from a 2001-2002 US nationally representative survey of 22,581 working adults ages 30-65. Using established Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition methods to account for gender differences in individual-level productivity, our models reduced the wage gap in our sample by 13.5%, from 54% of men's pay to 67.5% of men's pay. We created a propensity-score matched sample of productivity indicators to test if the direction of the wage gap moderated the effects of gender on depression or anxiety. Where female income was less than the matched male counterpart, odds of both disorders were significantly higher among women versus men (major depressive disorder OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.95-3.04; generalized anxiety disorder OR: 4.11, 95% CI: 2.80-6.02). Where female income was greater than the matched male, the higher odds ratios for women for both disorders were significantly attenuated (Major Depressive Disorder OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.96-1.52) (Generalized Anxiety Disorder OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.04-2.29). The test for effect modification by sex and wage gap direction was statistically significant for both disorders. Structural forms of discrimination may explain mental health disparities at the population level. Beyond prohibiting overt gender discrimination, policies must be created to address embedded inequalities in procedures surrounding labor markets and compensation in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Platt
- Mailman School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Seth Prins
- Mailman School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Lisa Bates
- Mailman School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Katherine Keyes
- Mailman School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Wästberg BA, Erlandsson LK, Eklund M. Women’s perceived work environment after stress-related rehabilitation: experiences from the ReDO project. Disabil Rehabil 2015; 38:528-34. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2015.1046567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gafarov VV, Panov DO, Gromova EA, Gagulin IV, Gafarova AV. [Workplace stress and its impact on the 16-year risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in an open female population aged 25-64 years in Russia/Siberia (WHO MONICA-psychosocial program)]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2015; 87:71-76. [PMID: 26027244 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh201587371-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the impact of workplace stress on the hazard ratio (HR) of myocardial infarction (M) and stroke in an open female population aged 25-64 years in Russia/Siberia (Novosibirsk) for 16 years. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A random representative sample of 25-64-year-old women (n=870) residing in a Novosibirsk district was surveyed within the framework of the WHO <<MONICA-psychological>> program. Workplace stress was investigated using the Karasek scale; an attitude towards work and health prophylactic examinations was studied applying the Health Awareness and Attitude questionnaire of the WHO <<MONICA-psychological>> program. For 16 years (1994 to 2010), a cohort of all new cases of MI and stroke was examined employing the WHO <<Acute MI Registry>> program and all possible medical records. The Cox regression model was used to determine HR for MI and stroke in the open female population aged 25-64 years for 16 years. RESULTS The prevalence of high-level stress in the open female population aged 25-64 years was 31.6%. The high level of job stress was associated with a high responsibility, impossibility to have a rest at the end of a working day, frequent professional dissatisfaction, and a reduced work capacity. During 16 years, the women having high-level job stress showed a 3.22- and 1.96-fold increases in the HR of MI (p<0.05) and stroke (p<0.05), respectively. The incidence of MI and stroke was higher in married women expressing job stress as managers or manual laborers and having high and low educational attainment. CONCLUSION The prevalence of high-level workplace stress was substantial in the open population of 25-64-year-old women in Russia/Siberia (Novosibirsk). The stress-related HR of Ml and stroke was 3-2 times higher than in those without high-level stress. The HR of MI and stroke is affected by a social gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Gafarov
- Laboratory for Sociological and Psychological Problems of Therapeutic Diseases, Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; Collaborative Laboratory for Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Tyumen, Russia
| | - D O Panov
- Laboratory for Sociological and Psychological Problems of Therapeutic Diseases, Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; Collaborative Laboratory for Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Tyumen, Russia
| | - E A Gromova
- Laboratory for Sociological and Psychological Problems of Therapeutic Diseases, Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; Collaborative Laboratory for Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Tyumen, Russia
| | - I V Gagulin
- Laboratory for Sociological and Psychological Problems of Therapeutic Diseases, Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; Collaborative Laboratory for Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Tyumen, Russia
| | - A V Gafarova
- Laboratory for Sociological and Psychological Problems of Therapeutic Diseases, Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; Collaborative Laboratory for Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Tyumen, Russia
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Sepúlveda E, Poínhos R, Constante M, Pais-Ribeiro J, Freitas P, Carvalho D. Health-related quality of life in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients in a Portuguese central public hospital. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2015; 8:219-26. [PMID: 25995647 PMCID: PMC4425233 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s80472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease, the prevalence of which has registered a considerable increase, mainly in adults and elderly. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between health-related quality of life in patients with diabetes and sex, body mass index, type of diabetes and treatment regimens (type 1 diabetes: intensive versus conventional treatment; type 2 diabetes: insulin use versus non-insulin use), and duration of diabetes. METHODS One hundred and twenty-four patients with diabetes were interviewed. Health-related quality of life was evaluated using the age-adjusted Short-Form 36 dimensions (physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health), and related to demographic and clinical variables. Independent samples t-tests and One-Way Analysis of Variance were used to compare means of independent samples. The degree of association between pairs of variables was measured by Pearson's (r) or Spearman's (rs ) correlation coefficients. RESULTS The mean age of the study population was 55.7±16.4 years; 54.8% were male, and 77.4% had type 2 diabetes. Females reported worse quality of life than males in all dimensions of the Short-Form 36, except for role-physical and bodily pain. Obese patients had worse physical functioning than normal weight and overweight patients, and worse vitality than their normal weight counterparts. Type 2 diabetic patients taking insulin had lower physical functioning and vitality than those without insulin therapy. Longer duration of diabetes was associated with lower physical functioning, role-physical, general health, vitality, role-emotional, and mental health. CONCLUSION Being female, obese, having type 2 diabetes and taking insulin, and having a longer disease duration are characteristics associated with worse age-adjusted quality of life in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Sepúlveda
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associação de Prevenção e Apoio à Diabetes, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Poínhos
- Associação de Prevenção e Apoio à Diabetes, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Constante
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - José Pais-Ribeiro
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associação de Prevenção e Apoio à Diabetes, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Freitas
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Davide Carvalho
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Norlund S, Reuterwall C, Höög J, Janlert U, Slunga Järvholm L. Work situation and self-perceived economic situation as predictors of change in burnout--a prospective general population-based cohort study. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:329. [PMID: 25886300 PMCID: PMC4389410 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sick leave rates due to mental and behavioural disorders have increased in Sweden during the last decades. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate changes in the level of burnout in a working subset of the general population and to identify how such changes relate to changes in work situation and self-perceived economic situation. METHODS A cohort of 1000 persons from a subset of the 2004 northern Sweden MONICA (Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) general population survey was followed over a five-year period (2004-2009). In total, 623 persons (323 women and 300 men) were included in the analysis. Burnout levels were measured at baseline and follow-up using the Shirom Melamed Burnout Questionnaire. Risk factors were assessed at both measuring points. RESULTS In the whole study cohort, a small (-0.15) but statistically significant reduction in burnout level was found. No differences in change of burnout were found between men and women. Constant strain at work, an increased risk of unemployment, and a perceived worsening of economic situation during the study time period were related to an increased burnout level. An accumulation of these risk factors was associated with increased burnout level. CONCLUSIONS Risk factors in work situation and self-perceived economy are related to changes in burnout level, and special attention should be directed towards persons exposed to multiple risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Norlund
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Christina Reuterwall
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Höög
- Department of Sociology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Urban Janlert
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Lisbeth Slunga Järvholm
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Gender differences in psychosocial work factors, work-personal life interface, and well-being among Swedish managers and non-managers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2015; 88:1149-64. [PMID: 25761632 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-015-1043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore differences in psychosocial work factors, work-personal life interface, and well-being between managers and non-managers, female and male managers, and managers in the public and private sectors. METHODS Data were drawn from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) 2010, including 602 female managers, 4174 female non-managers, 906 male managers, and 2832 male non-managers. Psychosocial work factors, work-personal life interface, satisfaction, and well-being were investigated among non-managers and managers and male and female managers, using logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, educational level, staff category, and labour market sector. RESULTS Both female and male managers reported high job demands and interference between work and personal life, but also high influence, high satisfaction with work and life, and low amount of sickness absence more often than non-managers of the same sex. However, female managers reported high quantitative and emotional demands, low influence, and work-personal life interference more frequently than male managers. More psychosocial work stressors were also reported in the public sector, where many women work. Male managers more often reported conflicts with superiors, lack of support, and personal life-work interference. Female managers reported poor well-being to a greater extent than male managers, but were more satisfied with their lives. CONCLUSION Lack of motivation due to limited increase in satisfaction and organisational benefits is not likely to hinder women from taking on managerial roles. Managerial women's higher overall demands, lower influence at work, and poorer well-being relative to men's could hinder female managers from reaching higher organisational levels.
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Eklund M. Anxiety, Depression, and Stress Among Women in Work Rehabilitation for Stress-Related Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH 2014. [DOI: 10.2753/imh0020-7411420402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Eklund
- a Department of Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy, and Occupational Science, Sweden
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42
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Assessment of work related stress among female public service workers in Kaunas. Open Med (Wars) 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/s11536-013-0222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
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den Ouden ME, Schuurmans MJ, Mueller-Schotte S, Brand JS, van der Schouw YT. Domains Contributing to Disability in Activities of Daily Living. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2013; 14:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Wästberg BA, Erlandsson LK, Eklund M. Client perceptions of a work rehabilitation programme for women: The Redesigning Daily Occupations (ReDO) project. Scand J Occup Ther 2012; 20:118-26. [DOI: 10.3109/11038128.2012.737367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Nyman CS, Spak L, Hensing G. Multiple social roles, health, and sickness absence--a five-year follow-up study of professional women in Sweden. Women Health 2012; 52:336-51. [PMID: 22591231 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2012.667527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze associations between changes in social roles and physical health, mental well-being, psychiatric disorder, and long-term sickness absence over a five-year period. The study was part of a general population-based multipurpose project. Professional women from six birth cohorts born in 1935, 1945, 1955, 1965, 1970, or 1975 (N = 532) were interviewed twice. Self-rated information on physical health, mental well-being, long-term sickness absence, and changes in social roles was used. Information on psychiatric disorders was based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-III-R and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV diagnoses. Multivariate logistic regressions were adjusted for age, socio-economic position, alcohol dependence and abuse, and health at baseline. An increase in number of social roles was associated with lower odds for poor mental well-being, odds ratio (OR) 0.4 (confidence interval [CI] 0.2 to 0.8), while a decrease was associated with higher odds for poor mental well-being, OR 4.5 (CI 1.8 to 11.0), psychiatric disorder, OR 2.6 (1.0 to 6.8), and sickness absence, OR 4.4 (1.6 to 11.7). The results indicated that an increase in number of social roles might be protective against poor mental well-being, while a decrease in number of roles might be related to increased psychiatric disorders and long-term sickness absence. More studies on long-term health implications of gender-specific experiences are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carin Staland Nyman
- Unit of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Hagqvist E, Gådin KG, Nordenmark M. Division of labor, perceived labor-related stress and well-being among European couples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ojpm.2012.24064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ahlgren C, Malmgren Olsson EB, Brulin C. Gender analysis of musculoskeletal disorders and emotional exhaustion: interactive effects from physical and psychosocial work exposures and engagement in domestic work. ERGONOMICS 2012; 55:212-228. [PMID: 22248390 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2011.646319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The objective of this study was to assess the relationships between physical and psychosocial work exposures, engagement in domestic work and work-home imbalance in relation to symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders and emotional exhaustion in white- and blue-collar men and women. Three thousand employees from 21 companies were asked to answer a questionnaire on family structure, household and child care tasks, work exposure, work-home imbalance and symptoms of neck/shoulder disorders, low back disorders and emotional exhaustion. Women reported more musculoskeletal disorders and engagement in domestic work. Adverse at-work exposures were highest in blue-collar women. High engagement in domestic work was not separately associated with symptoms but paid work exposure factors were associated. High engagement in domestic work interacted with adverse work exposure and increased risk estimates for low back disorders and emotional exhaustion. Reported work-home imbalance was associated with neck/shoulder disorders in women and with emotional exhaustion in both women and men. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY The current article adds to earlier research by showing that high engagement in domestic work is not separately associated with increased symptoms, but interacts with psychosocial work exposure variables to produce emotional exhaustion in both women and men and low back disorders in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ahlgren
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden.
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Virtanen M, Ferrie JE, Singh-Manoux A, Shipley MJ, Stansfeld SA, Marmot MG, Ahola K, Vahtera J, Kivimäki M. Long working hours and symptoms of anxiety and depression: a 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study. Psychol Med 2011; 41:2485-2494. [PMID: 21329557 PMCID: PMC3095591 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291711000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although long working hours are common in working populations, little is known about the effect of long working hours on mental health. METHOD We examined the association between long working hours and the onset of depressive and anxiety symptoms in middle-aged employees. Participants were 2960 full-time employees aged 44 to 66 years (2248 men, 712 women) from the prospective Whitehall II cohort study of British civil servants. Working hours, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and covariates were measured at baseline (1997-1999) followed by two subsequent measurements of depressive and anxiety symptoms (2001 and 2002-2004). RESULTS In a prospective analysis of participants with no depressive (n=2549) or anxiety symptoms (n=2618) at baseline, Cox proportional hazard analysis adjusted for baseline covariates showed a 1.66-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-2.61] risk of depressive symptoms and a 1.74-fold (95% CI 1.15-2.61) risk of anxiety symptoms among employees working more than 55 h/week compared with employees working 35-40 h/week. Sex-stratified analysis showed an excess risk of depression and anxiety associated with long working hours among women [hazard ratios (HRs) 2.67 (95% CI 1.07-6.68) and 2.84 (95% CI 1.27-6.34) respectively] but not men [1.30 (0.77-2.19) and 1.43 (0.89-2.30)]. CONCLUSIONS Working long hours is a risk factor for the development of depressive and anxiety symptoms in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Virtanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association of women's postpartum health with total workload (TWL), work and personal factors in the year after childbirth. METHODS Employed women from Minneapolis and St Paul, Minnesota, were recruited while hospitalized for childbirth. Longitudinal analyses, using fixed effects regression models, estimated the associations of TWL, job satisfaction and stress, social support, perceived control, breastfeeding and infant characteristics with women's health at 5 weeks, 11 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months postpartum. RESULTS Increased TWL over time was associated with significantly poorer mental health and increased symptoms. CONCLUSIONS High TWL--including reduced time for rest, recovery, and sleep--is a risk factor for women's mental health and symptoms 12 months after childbirth. Women's postpartum health was positively associated with social support, which may help to decrease the negative effects of excess work.
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Exploring causal effects of combining work and intergenerational support on depressive symptoms among middle-aged women. AGEING & SOCIETY 2011. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x11000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTIn debates about ageing western societies it is often assumed that many middle-aged women struggle to combine paid employment and intergenerational support, and that the subsequent stress leads them to experience an increase in depressive symptoms. Cross-sectional studies have supported this notion, but the question remains whether combining work and intergenerational support actually causes an increase in depressive symptoms. In order to fill a gap in the literature, this study examines the proportion of middle-aged women combining paid work and support to an adult child and/or parent, and the extent to which combining these roles affects women's depressive symptoms over time. For this purpose, we make use of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) data set which includes longitudinal data collected on European women aged 50+. Descriptive analyses indicated that 14 per cent of middle-aged women combine the roles of employee, support provider to an adult child, and/or support provider to a parent. Results from semi-dynamic and full-dynamic regression analyses indicate that combining roles can take away some, of the positive mental health effects of fulfilling a role. These findings support the role combination stress hypothesis.
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