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Zhang M, Gao X, Yang Z, Niu X, Chen J, Wei Y, Wang W, Han S, Cheng J, Zhang Y. Weight Status Modulated Brain Regional Homogeneity in Long-Term Male Smokers. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:857479. [PMID: 35733797 PMCID: PMC9207237 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.857479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking and being overweight could lead to adverse health effects, which remain an important public health problem worldwide. Research indicates that overlapping pathophysiology may contribute to tobacco addiction and being overweight, but the neurobiological interaction mechanism between the two factors is still unclear. METHODS The current study used a mixed sample design, including the following four groups: (i) overweight long-term smokers (n = 24); (ii) normal-weight smokers (n = 28); (iii) overweight non-smokers (n = 19), and (iv) normal-weight non-smokers (n = 28), for a total of 89 male subjects. All subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Regional homogeneity (ReHo) was used to compare internal cerebral activity among the four groups. Interaction effects between tobacco addiction and weight status on ReHo were detected using a two-way analysis of variance, correcting for age, years of education, and head motion. RESULTS A significant interaction effect between tobacco addiction and weight status is shown in right superior frontal gyrus. Correlation analyses show that the strengthened ReHo value in the right superior frontal gyrus is positively associated with pack-year. Besides, the main effect of tobacco addiction is specially observed in the occipital lobe and cerebellum posterior lobe. As for the main effect of weight status, the right lentiform nucleus, left postcentral gyrus, and brain regions involved in default mode network (DMN) survived. CONCLUSIONS These results shed light on an antagonistic interaction on brain ReHo between tobacco addiction and weight status in the right superior frontal gyrus, which may be a clinical neuro-marker of comorbid tobacco addiction and overweight. Our findings may provide a potential target to develop effective treatments for the unique population of comorbid tobacco addiction and overweight people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengui Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingli Chen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yarui Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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2
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Devoe DJ, Dimitropoulos G, Anderson A, Bahji A, Flanagan J, Soumbasis A, Patten SB, Lange T, Paslakis G. The prevalence of substance use disorders and substance use in anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:161. [PMID: 34895358 PMCID: PMC8666057 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) often present with substance use and substance use disorders (SUDs). However, the prevalence of substance use and SUDs in AN has not been studied in-depth, especially the differences in the prevalence of SUDs between AN types [e.g., AN-R (restrictive type) and AN-BP (binge-eating/purge type]. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of SUDs and substance use in AN samples. METHOD Systematic database searches of the peer-reviewed literature were conducted in the following online databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL from inception to January 2021. We restricted review eligibility to peer-reviewed research studies reporting the prevalence for either SUDs or substance use in individuals with AN. Random-effects meta-analyses using Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformations were performed on eligible studies to estimate pooled proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Fifty-two studies met the inclusion criteria, including 14,695 individuals identified as having AN (mean age: 22.82 years). Random pooled estimates showed that substance use disorders had a 16% prevalence in those with AN (AN-BP = 18% vs. AN-R = 7%). Drug abuse/dependence disorders had a prevalence of 7% in AN (AN-BP = 9% vs. AN-R = 5%). In studies that looked at specific abuse/dependence disorders, there was a 10% prevalence of alcohol abuse/dependence in AN (AN-BP = 15% vs. AN-R = 3%) and a 6% prevalence of cannabis abuse/dependence (AN-BP = 4% vs. AN-R = 0%). In addition, in terms of substance use, there was a 37% prevalence for caffeine use, 29% prevalence for alcohol use, 25% for tobacco use, and 14% for cannabis use in individuals with AN. CONCLUSION This is the most comprehensive meta-analysis on the comorbid prevalence of SUDs and substance use in persons with AN, with an overall pooled prevalence of 16%. Comorbid SUDs, including drugs, alcohol, and cannabis, were all more common in AN-BP compared to AN-R throughout. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the high prevalence of SUD comorbidity and substance use in individuals with AN. Finally, clinicians should consider screening for SUDs and integrating treatments that target SUDs in individuals with AN. Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) may also present with substance use or have a substance use disorder (SUDs). Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of substance use and substance use disorders in individuals with AN. We examined published studies that reported the prevalence of either substance use or SUDs in individuals with AN. We found that substance use disorders had a 16% prevalence and that drug abuse/dependence disorders had a prevalence of 7% in those with AN. These rates were much higher in individuals with binge-eating/purging type compared to the restrictive AN. However, many specific substance use disorders and substance use types were low in individuals with AN. Nonetheless, clinicians should be aware of the high prevalence of SUD comorbidity and substance use in individuals with AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Devoe
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Gina Dimitropoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Alida Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Anees Bahji
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Jordyn Flanagan
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Andrea Soumbasis
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Scott B Patten
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Tom Lange
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Georgios Paslakis
- Ruhr-University Bochum, University Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Campus East-Westphalia, Lübbecke, Germany
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3
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Chichetto NE, Kundu S, Freiberg MS, Butt AA, Crystal S, So-Armah KA, Cook RL, Braithwaite RS, Fiellin DA, Khan MR, Bryant KJ, Gaither JR, Barve SS, Crothers K, Bedimo RJ, Warner AL, Tindle HA. Association of Syndemic Unhealthy Alcohol Use, Cigarette Use, and Depression With All-Cause Mortality Among Adults Living With and Without HIV Infection: Veterans Aging Cohort Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz188. [PMID: 31211153 PMCID: PMC6559272 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence and risk of concurrent unhealthy drinking, cigarette use, and depression on mortality among persons living with HIV (PLWH) is unclear. This study applied a syndemic framework to assess whether these co-occurring conditions increase mortality and whether such risk is differential by HIV status. METHODS We evaluated 6721 participants (49.8% PLWH) without baseline cancer from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study, a prospective, observational cohort of PLWH and matched uninfected veterans enrolled in 2002 and followed through 2015. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regressions estimated risk of a syndemic score (number of conditions: that is, unhealthy drinking, cigarette use, and depressive symptoms) on all-cause mortality by HIV status, adjusting for demographic, health status, and HIV-related factors. RESULTS Fewer than 10% of participants had no conditions; 25.6% had 1, 51.0% had 2, and 15.0% had all 3. There were 1747 deaths (61.9% PLWH) during the median follow-up (11.4 years). Overall, age-adjusted mortality rates/1000 person-years increased with a greater number of conditions: (0: 12.0; 1: 21.2; 2: 30.4; 3: 36.3). For 3 conditions, the adjusted hazard ratio of mortality was 36% higher among PLWH compared with uninfected participants with 3 conditions (95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.72; P = .013), after adjusting for health status and HIV disease progression. Among PLWH and uninfected participants, mortality risk persisted after adjustment for time-updated health status. CONCLUSIONS Syndemic unhealthy drinking, cigarette use, and depression are common and are associated with higher mortality risk among PLWH, underscoring the need to screen for and treat these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suman Kundu
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Matt S Freiberg
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Adeel A Butt
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Weill-Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar, and New York City, New York
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Stephen Crystal
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Kaku A So-Armah
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert L Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, Colleges of Public Health and Health Professions and Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - R Scott Braithwaite
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - David A Fiellin
- Yale University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Maria R Khan
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Kendall J Bryant
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julie R Gaither
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shirish S Barve
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Kristina Crothers
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Roger J Bedimo
- Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Alberta L Warner
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hilary A Tindle
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
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4
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Hidese S, Matsuo J, Ishida I, Hiraishi M, Teraishi T, Ota M, Hattori K, Kunugi H. Association between lower estimated premorbid intelligence quotient and smoking behavior in patients with schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2018; 15:7-13. [PMID: 30310770 PMCID: PMC6176847 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim We aimed to investigate the involvement of premorbid intelligence quotient in higher prevalence of smoking in patients with schizophrenia. Methods Participants included 190 patients with schizophrenia (mean ± standard deviation age: 37.7 ± 10.8 years; 88 males and 102 females) and 312 healthy individuals (mean ± standard deviation age: 38.1 ± 13.8; 166 males and 146 females), matched for age, sex, and ethnicity (Japanese). Premorbid intelligence quotient was estimated using the Japanese Adult Reading Test and distress symptoms were assessed using the Hopkins Symptom Check List. Current smoking information was collected according to self-declarations. Results As expected, the smoking rate was higher, while mean education level and Japanese Adult Reading Test scores were significantly lower, in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy individuals (p < 0.01). The mean education level and Japanese Adult Reading Test scores were significantly lower in the smoker group than in the non-smoker group in both patients and healthy individuals (p < 0.05). In the patient group alone, Hopkins Symptom Check List subscale and total scores were significantly higher in the smoker group than in the non-smoker group (p < 0.05). A multivariate regression analysis showed that the Japanese Adult Reading Test score was a significant and negative predictor for smoking (p < 0.001, odds ratio = 0.97; 95% confidence interval: 0.96–0.99). Conclusion Our results suggest that lower estimated premorbid intelligence quotient is an important variable in elucidating smoking behavior in humans and may be associated with higher prevalence of smoking in patients with schizophrenia. Lower premorbid intelligence quotient (IQ) was observed in patients with schizophrenia who were smokers. Lower education level was observed in patients with schizophrenia who were smokers. Lower premorbid IQ and education level were also seen in smokers in the healthy group. Distress symptoms were higher in smokers with schizophrenia. In total, premorbid IQ was a negative predictor for smoking.
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Key Words
- ANCOVA, Analysis of covariance
- CI, Confidence interval
- Distress symptom
- Education level
- HSCL, Hopkins Symptom Check List
- IQ, Intelligence quotient
- JART, Japanese Adult Reading Test
- MANCOVA, Multivariate analysis of covariance
- NART, National Adult Reading Test
- OR, Odds ratio
- PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale
- PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
- Premorbid intelligence quotient
- Schizophrenia
- Smoking
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Hidese
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawa-Higashi, 4-1-1, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Junko Matsuo
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawa-Higashi, 4-1-1, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Ikki Ishida
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawa-Higashi, 4-1-1, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Moeko Hiraishi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawa-Higashi, 4-1-1, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Toshiya Teraishi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawa-Higashi, 4-1-1, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Miho Ota
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawa-Higashi, 4-1-1, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawa-Higashi, 4-1-1, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawa-Higashi, 4-1-1, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
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5
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Lippard ETC, Mazure CM, Johnston JAY, Spencer L, Weathers J, Pittman B, Wang F, Blumberg HP. Brain circuitry associated with the development of substance use in bipolar disorder and preliminary evidence for sexual dimorphism in adolescents. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:777-791. [PMID: 27870392 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders and mood disorders are highly comorbid and confer a high risk for adverse outcomes. However, data are limited on the neurodevelopmental basis of this comorbidity. Substance use initiation typically occurs during adolescence, and sex-specific developmental mechanisms are implicated. In this preliminary study, we review the literature and investigate regional gray matter volume (GMV) associated with subsequent substance use problems in adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD) and explore these associations for females and males. Thirty adolescents with DSM-IV-diagnosed BD and minimal alcohol/substance exposure completed baseline structural magnetic resonance imaging scans. At follow-up (on average 6 years post baseline), subjects were administered the CRAFFT interview and categorized into those scoring at high ( ≥ 2: CRAFFTHIGH ) vs. low ( < 2: CRAFFTLOW ) risk for alcohol/substance problems. Lower GMV in prefrontal, insular, and temporopolar cortices were observed at baseline among adolescents with BD reporting subsequent alcohol and cannabis use compared to adolescents with BD who did not (P < 0.005, clusters ≥ 20 voxels). Lower dorsolateral prefrontal GMV was associated with future substance use in both females and males. In females, lower orbitofrontal and insula GMV was associated with future substance use, while in males, lower rostral prefrontal GMV was associated with future use. Lower orbitofrontal, insular, and temporopolar GMV was observed in those who transitioned to smoking tobacco. Findings indicate that GMV development is associated with risk for future substance use problems in adolescents with BD, with results implicating GMV development in regions subserving emotional regulation in females and regions subserving executive processes and attention in males. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T C Lippard
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Carolyn M Mazure
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Women's Health Research at Yale, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Linda Spencer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Judah Weathers
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Brian Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hilary P Blumberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Women's Health Research at Yale, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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6
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Mattei G, De Vogli R, Ferrari S, Pingani L, Rigatelli M, Galeazzi GM. Impact of the economic crisis on health-related behaviors in Italy. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2017; 63:649-656. [PMID: 28831854 DOI: 10.1177/0020764017726097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence exists supporting the impact of the Great Recession on health-related behaviors internationally, though few studies are available concerning the Italian population. AIM To assess the impact of the late 2000s economic crisis on health-related behaviors linked to population mental health in Italy. METHODS Descriptive study. Health indicators came from the Italian Institute of Statistics database (years 2000-2015). Statistics performed by means of linear regression models. RESULTS Increased smokers (β = 1.68, p = .03), heavy smokers, that is, people smoking 11-20 cigarettes per day (β = 2.18, p = .04) or more than 20 cigarettes per day (β = 1.04, p < .01) and mean number of smoked cigarettes per day (β = 0.56, p = .02) were noticeable. Also, prevalence of overweight increased (β = 0.91, p = .04), while the Italian families' expenditure for alcoholic beverages decreased (β = -812.80, p = .01). Alcohol consumption decreased (β = -0.60, p < .01), especially in men (β = -0.95, p < .01); binge drinking increased in years 2009-2010. No change was noticeable in the diet indicators collected. CONCLUSION The economic crisis may have increased smoking, overweight and binge drinking in Italy (though data on the latter phenomenon are not conclusive), and reduced overall alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Mattei
- 1 Section of Psychiatry, Department of Diagnostics, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,4 Association for Research in Psychiatry, Castelnuovo Rangone (Modena), Italy
| | - Roberto De Vogli
- 2 Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Ferrari
- 1 Section of Psychiatry, Department of Diagnostics, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Marco Rigatelli
- 1 Section of Psychiatry, Department of Diagnostics, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Galeazzi
- 1 Section of Psychiatry, Department of Diagnostics, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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7
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Solmi M, Veronese N, Sergi G, Luchini C, Favaro A, Santonastaso P, Vancampfort D, Correll CU, Ussher M, Thapa-Chhetri N, Fornaro M, Stubbs B. The association between smoking prevalence and eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction 2016; 111:1914-1922. [PMID: 27206671 DOI: 10.1111/add.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cigarette smoking is associated with severe mental illness, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and with morbidity and mortality, but the association with anorexia (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) is unclear. This meta-analysis compared the odds of smoking in eating disorders (ED) (ED = AN or BN or BED) versus healthy controls (HC) and calculated the prevalence of smokers in people with ED. METHODS Three independent authors searched PubMed, MEDLINE and Scopus from database inception until 31 December 2015 for studies reporting data on life-time or current smoking prevalence in BED, BN and AN with or without control group. Meta-analyses were undertaken, calculating odds ratios (ORs) of life-time smoking in BED, BN, AN versus healthy controls (HCs) or prevalence of smoking in BED, BN and AN with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Thirty-one studies (ED = 8517, controls = 68 335) were meta-analysed. Compared with HCs, there were significantly more smokers among people with BN (life-time OR = 2.165) and BED (life-time OR = 1.792) but not AN (life-time OR = 0.927). BED was associated with smoking the most (life-time prevalence = 47.73%) followed by BN (life-time prevalence = 39.4%) and AN (life-time prevalence = 30.8%). In BN, life-time smoking prevalence was highest in Europe. In AN, higher age moderated both life-time and current smoking prevalence, and body mass index moderated higher life-time smoking prevalence. In BN, female sex moderated higher life-time smoking prevalence. CONCLUSIONS People with binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa are significantly more likely to be life-time smokers than healthy controls, which is not the case for anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Solmi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Local Health Unit ULSS 17, Mental Health Department, Monselice, Padova, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Research, and Education in Medicine (IREM), Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Research, and Education in Medicine (IREM), Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sergi
- Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchini
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Verona University and Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Angela Favaro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Davy Vancampfort
- University of Leuven, KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium.,University of Leuven-KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Centre, Kortenberg-, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christoph U Correll
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Psychiatry Research, Northwell Health System, Glen Oaks, New York, USA.,Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York, USA.,The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Michael Ussher
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Michele Fornaro
- New York Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, NYC, USA
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AZ, UK. .,Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK.
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The effect of preoperative counseling on duration of postoperative opiate use in orthopaedic trauma surgery: a surgeon-based comparative cohort study. J Orthop Trauma 2014; 28:502-6. [PMID: 24667804 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prudent use of prescription opiates is a central aspect of current postsurgical pain management, but surgeons have no guidelines on appropriate duration of opiate treatment. Furthermore, there are no established data on the effect of physician counseling on the duration of opiate use postoperatively. DESIGN Retrospective surgeon-controlled cohort study. SETTING Level I regional academic trauma center. PATIENTS All Utah residents admitted to the orthopaedic trauma service with isolated operative musculoskeletal injury. INTERVENTION One group of patients was instructed at the time of index procedure that they would receive prescription opiates for a maximum of 6 weeks. The remaining patients were not counseled preoperatively on duration of opiate use postoperatively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The presence and frequency of prescription opiate use before injury, cessation of opiate use by 6 weeks postoperatively, cessation of opiates by 12 weeks postoperatively, and continuation of prescription opiates greater than 12 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS Six hundred thirteen patients met inclusion criteria. Those counseled preoperatively to cease opiate use by 6 weeks were significantly more likely to do so than those who did not receive counseling (73% and 64%, respectively; P = 0.012). By 12 weeks, this effect was no longer seen, and patients were just as likely to have stopped (80% and 80%, respectively; P = 0.90). CONCLUSIONS The orthopaedic trauma population is significantly more likely than the general population to be using prescription opiates before injury. Physician discussion of 6-week opiate prescription limitation at the time of injury seems to lead to a lower rate of use at the 6-week postoperative mark but has no effect on rates of longer-term use. Twenty percent of patients in either group will continue to use opiates after 12 weeks, compared with 15% before injury. Given the scope of prescription opiate use in the United States, surgeons may want to consider preoperative discussion of this issue, but it may not have any effect on usage rates at longer intervals. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Peltzer K, Phaswana-Mafuya N. Tobacco Use and Associated Factors in Older Adults in South Africa. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2012.10820532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Peltzer
- Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa
| | - Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya
- Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
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Peltzer K, Phaswana-Mafuya N. Problem drinking and associated factors in older adults in South Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 16:104-9. [PMID: 23595529 DOI: 10.4314/ajpsy.v16i2.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol abuse poses special risks for increased morbidity and mortality among older adults. Little attention has focused on assessing alcohol use and associated factors among older adults in transitional societies such as South Africa. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of alcohol use and associated factors in older South Africans who participated in the Study of Global Ageing and Adults Health (SAGE) in 2008. METHOD We conducted a national population-based cross-sectional study with a sample of 3840 aged 50 years or older in South Africa in 2008. In this study we analysed data from all 2144 participants who were over 60 years old. The questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics, alcohol intake as well as comorbidity. Risky drinking was defined in two ways: heavy drinkers (>7 drinks/week) and binge drinkers (>3 drinks/one occasion/week). RESULTS Four percent of participants reported heavy drinking and 3.7% binge drinking. Male gender (Odds Ratio (OR) =3.79, Confidence Interval (CI) =1.38-10.37) and white population group (OR=3.01, CI=1.31-6.89) were associated with risky drinking in multivariate analysis; as well as tobacco use (OR=5.25, CI=2.20-12.52) and not being obese (OR=0.14, CI=0.05-0.35). Hypertension, diabetes and depression were not associated. CONCLUSION This study reveals moderate rates of risky drinking among older adults (60 years and more) in South Africa that puts them at risk of morbidity. Alcohol problems among older adults are commonly under-recognized, indicating a need for health care worker intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Peltzer
- Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria South Africa.
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Holman JE, Stoddard GJ, Higgins TF. Rates of prescription opiate use before and after injury in patients with orthopaedic trauma and the risk factors for prolonged opiate use. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2013; 95:1075-80. [PMID: 23783203 PMCID: PMC6948805 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.l.00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prudent use of prescription opiate medications is a central aspect of postoperative pain management. The mortality associated with prescription opiate overdose is reaching epidemic proportions nationally, and is the leading cause of accidental death in greater than half the states in the United States. This study sought to determine the rates of preinjury opiate use in patients with orthopaedic trauma and the risk factors for prolonged use postinjury. METHODS The Utah Controlled Substance Database was queried to determine the use of prescription opiates by all patients admitted to the orthopaedic trauma service for a two-year period with isolated musculoskeletal injuries. Usage three months prior to injury and six months postinjury was examined. RESULTS Six hundred and thirteen patients met inclusion criteria. Among patients with orthopaedic trauma, 15.5% had filled a prescription for opiates in the three months prior to injury, compared with 9.2% of the general population (p < 0.001). More than one prescription was filled by 12.2% of the patients with trauma preinjury compared with 6.4% of the general population (p < 0.001). Postoperatively, 68.4% of all patients filled opiate prescriptions for less than six weeks, 11.9% filled opiate prescriptions between six and twelve weeks, and 19.7% filled opiate prescriptions past twelve weeks. Patients with preinjury use of more than one opiate prescription in the three months preinjury were six times as likely to continue use past twelve weeks, and 3.5 times as likely to obtain opiates from a provider other than their surgeon (p < 0.001). Opiate use was briefest with upper-extremity injuries, followed by lower-extremity injuries and pelvic or acetabular injuries. Regression models demonstrate that risk factors for prolonged use of opiates include advancing age and extent of preinjury use. CONCLUSIONS Patients with orthopaedic trauma are significantly more likely than the general population to use prescription opiates prior to injury. Preinjury opiate use is predictive of prolonged use postinjury and predictive of patients who will seek opiates from other providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel E. Holman
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108. E-mail address for T.F. Higgins:
| | - Gregory J. Stoddard
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108. E-mail address for T.F. Higgins:
| | - Thomas F. Higgins
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108. E-mail address for T.F. Higgins:
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Osório FDL, de Carvalho ACF, Crippa JADS, Loureiro SR. Screening for smoking in a general hospital: scale validation, indicators of prevalence, and comorbidity. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2013; 49:5-12. [PMID: 23293992 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6163.2012.00330.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aims to conduct a psychometric study of the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and to assess the prevalence, sociodemographic profile, and psychiatric comorbidities of smokers in a general hospital. DESIGN AND METHODS Two hundred sixty-four inpatients were elegible for inclusion in the study and assessed with Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV (Module E), Patient Health Questionnaire, Fast Alcohol Screening Test, and FTND. FINDINGS The cut-off note two of the FTND is the most adequate to identify tobacco abuse/dependence (sensibility: 0.59-0.76). The reliability was estimated to be 0.68-0.96. A 44% rate of tobacco abuser/dependent patients was detected, with a 28% rate of psychiatric comorbidity. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Detection of the smoking habits at the time of hospitalization can be opportune, favoring the planning and the beginning of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia de Lima Osório
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto/São Paulo, Brazil.
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Peltzer K, Louw J, Mchunu G, Naidoo P, Matseke G, Tutshana B. Hazardous and harmful alcohol use and associated factors in tuberculosis public primary care patients in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012. [PMID: 23202681 PMCID: PMC3499864 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9093245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of hazardous and harmful alcohol use and associated factors among patients with tuberculosis in South Africa. In a cross-sectional survey new tuberculosis (TB) and TB retreatment patients were consecutively screened using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) within one month of anti-tuberculosis treatment. The sample included 4,900 (54.5% men and women 45.5%) tuberculosis patients from 42 primary care clinics in three districts. Results indicate that, overall 23.2% of the patients were hazardous or harmful alcohol drinkers, 31.8% of men and 13.0% of women were found to be hazardous drinkers, and 9.3% of men and 3.4% of women meet criteria for probable alcohol dependence (harmful drinking) as defined by the AUDIT. Men had significantly higher AUDIT scores than women. In multivariable analyses it was found that among men poor perceived health status, tobacco use, psychological distress, being a TB retreatment patient and not being on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and among women lower education, tobacco use and being a TB retreatment patient were associated with hazardous or harmful alcohol use. The study found a high prevalence of hazardous or harmful alcohol use among tuberculosis primary care patients. This calls for screening and brief intervention and a comprehensive alcohol treatment programme as a key component of TB management in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Peltzer
- HIV/STI and TB (HAST) Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, Durban and Cape Town 8000, South Africa; (J.L.); (G.M.); (P.N.); (G.M.); (B.T.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Limpopo, Turfloop 06854, South Africa
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +27-12-302-2000; Fax: +27-12-302-2067
| | - Julia Louw
- HIV/STI and TB (HAST) Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, Durban and Cape Town 8000, South Africa; (J.L.); (G.M.); (P.N.); (G.M.); (B.T.)
| | - Gugu Mchunu
- HIV/STI and TB (HAST) Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, Durban and Cape Town 8000, South Africa; (J.L.); (G.M.); (P.N.); (G.M.); (B.T.)
| | - Pamela Naidoo
- HIV/STI and TB (HAST) Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, Durban and Cape Town 8000, South Africa; (J.L.); (G.M.); (P.N.); (G.M.); (B.T.)
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Gladys Matseke
- HIV/STI and TB (HAST) Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, Durban and Cape Town 8000, South Africa; (J.L.); (G.M.); (P.N.); (G.M.); (B.T.)
| | - Bomkazi Tutshana
- HIV/STI and TB (HAST) Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, Durban and Cape Town 8000, South Africa; (J.L.); (G.M.); (P.N.); (G.M.); (B.T.)
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Richardson A, He JP, Curry L, Merikangas K. Cigarette smoking and mood disorders in U.S. adolescents: sex-specific associations with symptoms, diagnoses, impairment and health services use. J Psychosom Res 2012; 72:269-75. [PMID: 22405220 PMCID: PMC5100005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report sex-specific associations between cigarette smoking and DSM-IV disorders, symptoms, and mental health services use related to depression and anxiety in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents. METHODS Data on two samples were drawn from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys to examine the association of ever smoking (versus never smoking) with depression (n=1884 12-15 year-olds) and anxiety (n=6336 12-19 year-olds). Sex-specific associations between smoking and DSM-IV diagnoses, subthreshold and severe disorder, symptoms, impairment and mental health services use were assessed using logistic regression modeling. RESULTS Rates of DSM-IV depression and anxiety were increased in adolescent female ever smokers as compared to never smokers (OR=3.9, 95% CI: 1.3-11.3 and OR=10.6, 95% CI: 3.1-37.0, respectively). Females also showed statistically significant increases in severe disorder, subthreshold disorder, all symptoms of major depressive disorder, most symptoms of panic disorder, and increases in severe impairment, especially those related to schoolwork and teachers. Male adolescents showed smaller variations in depression and anxiety by smoking status, but were more likely to seek mental health services. CONCLUSIONS Smoking prevention efforts may benefit from specifically targeting female youth who show signs of depression or anxiety diagnoses through a school-based program, while greater benefits with males may be evident through programs integrated into mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian-Ping He
- National Institute of Mental Health, Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Kathleen Merikangas
- National Institute of Mental Health, Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Meszaros ZS, Dimmock JA, Ploutz-Snyder R, Chauhan SVS, Abdul-Malak Y, Middleton FA, Batki SL. Accuracy of self-reported medical problems in patients with alcohol dependence and co-occurring schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Schizophr Res 2011; 132:190-3. [PMID: 21852074 PMCID: PMC3195925 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2011.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia and alcohol dependence (AD) are both major risk factors for a variety of medical problems, yet little is known about the medical status of patients in whom both conditions coexist. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study are to assess accuracy of self-reported medical problems and to compare the accuracy reports in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and co-occurring AD compared to patients with AD only and to controls. Our hypothesis was that medical problems are under-reported in patients with co-occurring disorders, possibly due to the combination of alcohol use and symptoms of schizophrenia. METHODS Self-reported medical diagnoses were recorded and compared to medical records obtained from all area hospitals in 42 patients with schizophrenia and AD, 44 patients with schizoaffective disorder and AD, 41 patients with AD only, and 15 control subjects. Patients underwent medical history, physical examination, and review of medical records. RESULTS Patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and co-occurring AD underreported their medical problems significantly more than patients with AD only and controls. Accuracy of self report was significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders plus co-occurring alcohol dependence than in AD alone or in controls. The most commonly underreported diagnoses included coronary artery disease, chronic renal failure, seizure disorder, hyperlipidemia, asthma and hypertension. DISCUSSION In order to detect potentially unreported medical conditions in patients with co-occurring schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder and alcohol dependence, the use of targeted screening questionnaires is recommended in addition to physical examination and thorough review of medical records.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Frank A. Middleton
- Department of Neuroscience/Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Steven L. Batki
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY,UCSF Department of Psychiatry and San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
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Abstract
The stress response is a normal reaction to a real or perceived threat. However, stress response systems that are overwhelmed or out of balance can increase both the incidence and severity of diseases including addiction and mood and anxiety disorders. Using an animal model with both genetic diversity and large family size can help discover the specific genetic and environmental contributions to these behavioral diseases. The stress response has been studied extensively in teleosts because of their importance in food production. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a major model organism with a strong record for use in developmental biology, genetic screening, and genomic studies. More recently, the stress response of larval and adult zebrafish has been documented. High-throughput automated tracking systems make possible behavioral readouts of the stress response in zebrafish. This non-invasive measure of the stress response can be combined with mutagenesis methods to dissect the genes involved in complex stress response behaviors in vertebrates. Understanding the genetic and epigenetic basis for the stress response in vertebrates will help to develop advanced screening and therapies for stress-aggravated diseases such as addiction and mood and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA.
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Prevalence of alcohol use and associated factors in urban hospital outpatients in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2011; 8:2629-39. [PMID: 21845149 PMCID: PMC3155320 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8072629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of alcohol use and associated factors among outpatients in an urban hospital in South Africa. The sample included 1,532 (56.4% men and women 43.6%) consecutively selected patients from different hospital outpatient departments. Results indicate that 41.2% of men and 18.3% of women were found to be hazardous drinkers, and 3.6% of men and 1.4% of women meet criteria for probable alcohol dependence or harmful drinking as defined by the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Two in five patients (40.5%) were hazardous or harmful drinkers and/or had anxiety or depression. Logistic multiple regression found that for men tobacco use and not having been diagnosed with diabetes and for women tobacco use and having been diagnosed with migraine headache was associated with hazardous and harmful drinking. Although the study is cross-sectional, it does identify groups that may be at high risk of alcohol misuse and for whom intervention is urgent. Because prevalence of hazardous and harmful alcohol use is high in this population, routine screening should be introduced in hospital out-patient settings.
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Neuro-chemical activation of brain reward meso-limbic circuitry is associated with relapse prevention and drug hunger: A hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2011; 76:576-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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