1
|
Ben Slama N, Crampon F, Maquet C, Derombise B, Duparc F, Trost O. Preauricular anteroparotid transmasseteric approach of the mandibular condyle: The natural evolution after cervical dissections? An anatomical feasibility study. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2022; 123:e598-e603. [PMID: 35545191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of a novel approach for base and neck fractures of the mandible. An anatomical study was conducted on 22 given to Science subjects. A rhytidectomy-like approach was performed, followed by a transmasseteric anteroparotid dissection. Measures were taken of the incision length and bone exposure at every step. The identification of a ramus of the facial nerve during dissection was noted. The subjects were classified according to their facial adiposity. A correlation coefficient was measured between incision length and bone exposure as well as morphotype and bone exposure. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Pearson method for linear correlation, and Chi2 test for further analysis. Adequate condylar exposure was always achieved in the area of interest (i.e. in the main localization of base and neck fractures). There was no correlation between the length of the cranial cutaneous backcut and the bone exposure horizontally (p = 0.3296) or vertically (p = 0.8382). There was no correlation between the total length of the incision and the bone exposure horizontally (p = 0.5171) or vertically (p = 0.8404). There was a significant correlation between the subjects' facial adiposity and the bone exposure horizontally and vertically (p<0.005). This approach allowed adequate bone exposure to the mandible base and neck, with a possible 90° angulation of instruments for optimal bone fixation. The incidence of facial nerve rami identification during dissection was similar to other approaches. The scarring was hidden. These results allowed us to propose this approach in a clinical study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Ben Slama
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, F 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Frederic Crampon
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, F 76000 Rouen, France; Laboratory of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine-Pharmacy, Rouen-Normandie University, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen, France
| | - Charles Maquet
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, F 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Baptiste Derombise
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, F 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Fabrice Duparc
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine-Pharmacy, Rouen-Normandie University, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Trost
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, F 76000 Rouen, France; Laboratory of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine-Pharmacy, Rouen-Normandie University, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Boczar D, Avila FR, Carter RE, Moore PA, Giardi D, Guliyeva G, Bruce CJ, McLeod CJ, Forte AJ. Using Facial Recognition Tools for Health Assessment. Plast Surg Nurs 2021; 41:232-236. [PMID: 34871291 DOI: 10.1097/psn.0000000000000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The number of applications for facial recognition technology is increasing due to the improvement in image quality, artificial intelligence, and computer processing power that has occurred during the last decades. Algorithms can be used to convert facial anthropometric landmarks into a computer representation, which can be used to help identify nonverbal information about an individual's health status. This article discusses the potential ways a facial recognition tool can perform a health assessment. Because facial attributes may be considered biometric data, clinicians should be informed about the clinical, ethical, and legal issues associated with its use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Boczar
- Daniel Boczar, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Francisco R. Avila, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Rickey E. Carter, PhD, is a consultant at the Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Pamela A. Moore, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC, is a plastic surgical nurse at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Davide Giardi, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Gunel Guliyeva, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Charles J. Bruce MD, is the Chair of the Transformation Innovation Digital, Platform Workstream at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Christopher J. McLeod, PhD, MBChB, is an associate professor of medicine and a consultant at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Antonio Jorge Forte, MD, PhD, is an associate professor of plastic surgery at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Francisco R Avila
- Daniel Boczar, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Francisco R. Avila, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Rickey E. Carter, PhD, is a consultant at the Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Pamela A. Moore, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC, is a plastic surgical nurse at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Davide Giardi, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Gunel Guliyeva, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Charles J. Bruce MD, is the Chair of the Transformation Innovation Digital, Platform Workstream at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Christopher J. McLeod, PhD, MBChB, is an associate professor of medicine and a consultant at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Antonio Jorge Forte, MD, PhD, is an associate professor of plastic surgery at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Rickey E Carter
- Daniel Boczar, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Francisco R. Avila, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Rickey E. Carter, PhD, is a consultant at the Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Pamela A. Moore, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC, is a plastic surgical nurse at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Davide Giardi, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Gunel Guliyeva, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Charles J. Bruce MD, is the Chair of the Transformation Innovation Digital, Platform Workstream at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Christopher J. McLeod, PhD, MBChB, is an associate professor of medicine and a consultant at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Antonio Jorge Forte, MD, PhD, is an associate professor of plastic surgery at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Pamela A Moore
- Daniel Boczar, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Francisco R. Avila, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Rickey E. Carter, PhD, is a consultant at the Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Pamela A. Moore, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC, is a plastic surgical nurse at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Davide Giardi, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Gunel Guliyeva, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Charles J. Bruce MD, is the Chair of the Transformation Innovation Digital, Platform Workstream at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Christopher J. McLeod, PhD, MBChB, is an associate professor of medicine and a consultant at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Antonio Jorge Forte, MD, PhD, is an associate professor of plastic surgery at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Davide Giardi
- Daniel Boczar, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Francisco R. Avila, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Rickey E. Carter, PhD, is a consultant at the Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Pamela A. Moore, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC, is a plastic surgical nurse at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Davide Giardi, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Gunel Guliyeva, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Charles J. Bruce MD, is the Chair of the Transformation Innovation Digital, Platform Workstream at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Christopher J. McLeod, PhD, MBChB, is an associate professor of medicine and a consultant at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Antonio Jorge Forte, MD, PhD, is an associate professor of plastic surgery at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Gunel Guliyeva
- Daniel Boczar, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Francisco R. Avila, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Rickey E. Carter, PhD, is a consultant at the Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Pamela A. Moore, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC, is a plastic surgical nurse at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Davide Giardi, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Gunel Guliyeva, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Charles J. Bruce MD, is the Chair of the Transformation Innovation Digital, Platform Workstream at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Christopher J. McLeod, PhD, MBChB, is an associate professor of medicine and a consultant at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Antonio Jorge Forte, MD, PhD, is an associate professor of plastic surgery at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Charles J Bruce
- Daniel Boczar, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Francisco R. Avila, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Rickey E. Carter, PhD, is a consultant at the Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Pamela A. Moore, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC, is a plastic surgical nurse at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Davide Giardi, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Gunel Guliyeva, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Charles J. Bruce MD, is the Chair of the Transformation Innovation Digital, Platform Workstream at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Christopher J. McLeod, PhD, MBChB, is an associate professor of medicine and a consultant at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Antonio Jorge Forte, MD, PhD, is an associate professor of plastic surgery at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Christopher J McLeod
- Daniel Boczar, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Francisco R. Avila, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Rickey E. Carter, PhD, is a consultant at the Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Pamela A. Moore, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC, is a plastic surgical nurse at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Davide Giardi, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Gunel Guliyeva, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Charles J. Bruce MD, is the Chair of the Transformation Innovation Digital, Platform Workstream at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Christopher J. McLeod, PhD, MBChB, is an associate professor of medicine and a consultant at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Antonio Jorge Forte, MD, PhD, is an associate professor of plastic surgery at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Antonio Jorge Forte
- Daniel Boczar, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Francisco R. Avila, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Rickey E. Carter, PhD, is a consultant at the Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Pamela A. Moore, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC, is a plastic surgical nurse at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Davide Giardi, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Gunel Guliyeva, MD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Charles J. Bruce MD, is the Chair of the Transformation Innovation Digital, Platform Workstream at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Christopher J. McLeod, PhD, MBChB, is an associate professor of medicine and a consultant at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Antonio Jorge Forte, MD, PhD, is an associate professor of plastic surgery at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zajacova A, Grol-Prokopczyk H, Zimmer Z. Pain Trends Among American Adults, 2002-2018: Patterns, Disparities, and Correlates. Demography 2021; 58:711-738. [PMID: 33834222 PMCID: PMC8035485 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-8977691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Determining long-term trends in chronic pain prevalence is critical for evaluating and shaping U.S. health policies, but little research has examined such trends. This study (1) provides estimates of pain trends among U.S. adults across major population groups; (2) tests whether sociodemographic disparities in pain have widened or narrowed over time; and (3) examines socioeconomic, behavioral, psychological, and medical correlates of pain trends. Regression and decomposition analyses of joint, low back, neck, facial/jaw pain, and headache/migraine using the 2002-2018 National Health Interview Survey for adults aged 25-84 (N = 441,707) assess the trends and their correlates. We find extensive escalation of pain prevalence in all population subgroups: overall, reports of pain in at least one site increased by 10%, representing an additional 10.5 million adults experiencing pain. Socioeconomic disparities in pain are widening over time, and psychological distress and health behaviors are among the salient correlates of the trends. This study thus comprehensively documents rising pain prevalence among Americans across the adult life span and highlights socioeconomic, behavioral, and psychological factors as important correlates of the trends. Chronic pain is an important dimension of population health, and demographic research should include it when studying health and health disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zajacova
- Department of Sociology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hanna Grol-Prokopczyk
- Department of Sociology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Zachary Zimmer
- Department of Family Studies and Gerontology and Global Aging and Community Initiative, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
The number of applications for facial recognition technology is increasing due to the improvement in image quality, artificial intelligence, and computer processing power that has occurred during the last decades. Algorithms can be used to convert facial anthropometric landmarks into a computer representation, which can be used to help identify nonverbal information about an individual's health status. This article discusses the potential ways a facial recognition tool can perform a health assessment. Because facial attributes may be considered biometric data, clinicians should be informed about the clinical, ethical, and legal issues associated with its use.
Collapse
|
5
|
Accuracy and neural correlates of blinded mediumship compared to controls on an image classification task. Brain Cogn 2020; 146:105638. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
6
|
Lin S, Li Z, Fu B, Chen S, Li X, Wang Y, Wang X, Lv B, Xu B, Song X, Zhang YJ, Cheng X, Huang W, Pu J, Zhang Q, Xia Y, Du B, Ji X, Zheng Z. Feasibility of using deep learning to detect coronary artery disease based on facial photo. Eur Heart J 2020; 41:4400-4411. [PMID: 32818267 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Facial features were associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). We developed and validated a deep learning algorithm for detecting CAD based on facial photos.
Methods and results
We conducted a multicentre cross-sectional study of patients undergoing coronary angiography or computed tomography angiography at nine Chinese sites to train and validate a deep convolutional neural network for the detection of CAD (at least one ≥50% stenosis) from patient facial photos. Between July 2017 and March 2019, 5796 patients from eight sites were consecutively enrolled and randomly divided into training (90%, n = 5216) and validation (10%, n = 580) groups for algorithm development. Between April 2019 and July 2019, 1013 patients from nine sites were enrolled in test group for algorithm test. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated using radiologist diagnosis as the reference standard. Using an operating cut point with high sensitivity, the CAD detection algorithm had sensitivity of 0.80 and specificity of 0.54 in the test group; the AUC was 0.730 (95% confidence interval, 0.699–0.761). The AUC for the algorithm was higher than that for the Diamond–Forrester model (0.730 vs. 0.623, P < 0.001) and the CAD consortium clinical score (0.730 vs. 0.652, P < 0.001).
Conclusion
Our results suggested that a deep learning algorithm based on facial photos can assist in CAD detection in this Chinese cohort. This technique may hold promise for pre-test CAD probability assessment in outpatient clinics or CAD screening in community. Further studies to develop a clinical available tool are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Lin
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Main building, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Fu
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Main building, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Sipeng Chen
- Department of Information Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Medical Research & Biometrics Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lv
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xu
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiantao Song
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 131 Huancheng Road, Huaihai Economy District, Xuzhou 221000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Union Hospital, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Jianghan District, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Cardiology, RenJi Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University Medical College, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian 116011, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai Du
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 Beixiange Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Ji
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Main building, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Fuwai Central-China Hospital, Central-China Branch of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No.1 Fuwai Avenue, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 451464, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Żelaźniewicz A, Nowak J, Studzińska I, Pawłowski B. Do adipokines levels influence facial attractiveness of young women? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 173:250-257. [PMID: 32735054 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Facial attractiveness is thought to reflect an individual's biological condition. This seems to be largely explained by the relationship between facial appearance and body adiposity, a trait that affects various aspects of body homeostasis, including fertility and immunity. The aim of this study was to test if, a part of adipose tissue amount, also levels of hormones secreted by adipose tissue are reflected in women's appearance, focusing on the two most abundant adipokines. Due to the opposing effects of adiponectin and leptin on health, we hypothesized that leptin negatively and adiponectin positively correlate with women's attractiveness. METHODS The study sample included 174 young, healthy women (Mage = 28.50, SDage = 2.38). Serum leptin and adiponectin levels were measured. Estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and BMI levels were controlled in the analyses. Face photographs were taken and facial attractiveness ratings, assessed by men, were gathered in online questionnaires. RESULTS Perceived facial attractiveness correlated negatively with leptin level and leptin/adiponectin ratio, but did not correlate with adiponectin level. The results were similar, when controlled for E2, T, and BMI. Adipokines levels did not mediate or moderate the relationship between facial attractiveness and BMI. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that perceived facial attractiveness is predicted by adipose-derived hormones detrimental for health, like leptin, but is not related with beneficial hormones, such as adiponectin. However, the levels of these two adipokines do not impact the relationship between perceived facial attractiveness and adiposity, and thus do not explain the relationship between facial attractiveness, body adiposity, and biological condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Judyta Nowak
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ida Studzińska
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mardani M, Rezapour S, Hajipour F. Relationship between breastfeeding and obesity in high school girls. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:/j/jpem.ahead-of-print/jpem-2020-0113/jpem-2020-0113.xml. [PMID: 32692704 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Some factors in infancy can play a role in the development of adolescent obesity. Understanding these factors can help prevent early complications in adolescents associated with obesity in adulthood. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among high school girls in Khorramabad and its relationship with breastfeeding history. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. This study was conducted in 832 high school girls during the academic year 2016-2017. Samples were selected by multi-stage random sampling. General questionnaires, physical activity, and 24-h food questions were completed through interviews with students. Data regarding breastfeeding was obtained by mothers. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the study population was 16.3 and 5.8%, respectively. Overweight and obesity had a significant association with breastfeeding history (p = 0.001), while there was no significant relationship between overweight and obesity with school type, student's age, parental occupation, education Parents, household size, birth rate, physical activity, and energy intake. Conclusions The results of this study showed that breast feeding has a protective effect on overweight and obesity during adolescence. To reduce the incidence of overweight and obesity, necessary education regarding breastfeeding should be provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Mardani
- Nutrition Health Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sadegh Rezapour
- Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fereshteh Hajipour
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gaulton TG, Deshpande SK, Small DS, Neuman MD. Observational Study of the Associations of Participation in High School Football With Self-Rated Health, Obesity, and Pain in Adulthood. Am J Epidemiol 2020; 189:592-601. [PMID: 31781744 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
American football is the most popular high school sport in the United States, yet its association with health in adulthood has not been widely studied. We investigated the association between high school football and self-rated health, obesity, and pain in adulthood in a retrospective cohort study of data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (1957-2004). We matched 925 males who played varsity football in high school with 1,521 males who did not play football. After matching, playing football was not associated with poor or fair self-rated health (odds ratio (OR) = 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63, 1.24; P = 0.48) or pain that limited activities (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.59, 1.25; P = 0.42) at age 65 years. Football was associated with obesity (body mass index (weight (kg)height (m)2) ≥30) in adulthood (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.64; P = 0.01). The findings suggest that playing football in high school was not significantly associated with poor or fair self-related health at age 65 years, but it was associated with the risk of being obese as an adult in comparison with not playing football in high school. Our findings provide needed information about the risk of playing football with regard to a broader set of health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G Gaulton
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Perioperative Outcomes Research and Transformation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sameer K Deshpande
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Dylan S Small
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark D Neuman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Perioperative Outcomes Research and Transformation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rathee S, Mishra H, Mishra A. The Perils of Leading a Democracy. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2020; 92:472-491. [PMID: 32233645 DOI: 10.1177/0091415020912932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Environmental characteristics can influence aging. Democracy results in higher life expectancy for its members. However, there is a lack of research that indicates the influence of democracy on its leaders. Specifically, we examine how the nature of democracy affects the perceived aging of its leaders. In this paper, we capture perceived aging via face perception. We suggest that leaders in a democracy are perceived to age more compared to those in an autocracy. Counter to the common belief that democracies are less stressful, we find that the stress of being a leader in a democracy can have adverse effects. Study 1 uses picture pairs of 268 leaders from across the world, and participants judge age difference in years between the pictures. Study 2, a controlled study, examines downstream influences on the leader's specific attributes. Results indicate that leaders appearing to age more are more likely to avoid complex decisions, to be less charismatic, and to be less inspiring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Rathee
- 7060 David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Himanshu Mishra
- 7060 David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Arul Mishra
- 7060 David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tridandapani S, Bhatti P, Brown RKJ, Krupinski EA, Safdar NM, Siegel EL, Wick CA. Interpreting Radiographs with Concurrently Obtained Patient Photographs. Radiographics 2019; 39:1356-1367. [PMID: 31498739 PMCID: PMC8641396 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2019180198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A technology for automatically obtaining patient photographs along with portable radiographs was implemented clinically at a large academic hospital. This article highlights several cases in which image-related clinical context, provided by the patient photographs, provided quality control information regarding patient identification, laterality, or position and assisted the radiologist with the interpretation. The information in the photographs can easily minimize unnecessary calls to the patient’s nursing staff for clarifications and can lead to new methods of physically assessing patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srini Tridandapani
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, 619 19th Street South, JT N455E, Birmingham, AL 35249-6830 (S.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (S.T., E.A.K., N.M.S.); School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga (S.T., P.B.); Camerad Technologies, LLC, Decatur, Ga (S.T., P.B., C.A.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.K.J.B.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md (E.S.)
| | - Pamela Bhatti
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, 619 19th Street South, JT N455E, Birmingham, AL 35249-6830 (S.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (S.T., E.A.K., N.M.S.); School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga (S.T., P.B.); Camerad Technologies, LLC, Decatur, Ga (S.T., P.B., C.A.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.K.J.B.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md (E.S.)
| | - Richard K J Brown
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, 619 19th Street South, JT N455E, Birmingham, AL 35249-6830 (S.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (S.T., E.A.K., N.M.S.); School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga (S.T., P.B.); Camerad Technologies, LLC, Decatur, Ga (S.T., P.B., C.A.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.K.J.B.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md (E.S.)
| | - Elizabeth A Krupinski
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, 619 19th Street South, JT N455E, Birmingham, AL 35249-6830 (S.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (S.T., E.A.K., N.M.S.); School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga (S.T., P.B.); Camerad Technologies, LLC, Decatur, Ga (S.T., P.B., C.A.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.K.J.B.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md (E.S.)
| | - Nabile M Safdar
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, 619 19th Street South, JT N455E, Birmingham, AL 35249-6830 (S.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (S.T., E.A.K., N.M.S.); School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga (S.T., P.B.); Camerad Technologies, LLC, Decatur, Ga (S.T., P.B., C.A.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.K.J.B.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md (E.S.)
| | - Eliot L Siegel
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, 619 19th Street South, JT N455E, Birmingham, AL 35249-6830 (S.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (S.T., E.A.K., N.M.S.); School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga (S.T., P.B.); Camerad Technologies, LLC, Decatur, Ga (S.T., P.B., C.A.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.K.J.B.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md (E.S.)
| | - Carson A Wick
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, 619 19th Street South, JT N455E, Birmingham, AL 35249-6830 (S.T.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (S.T., E.A.K., N.M.S.); School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga (S.T., P.B.); Camerad Technologies, LLC, Decatur, Ga (S.T., P.B., C.A.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.K.J.B.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md (E.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Jager S, Coetzee N, Coetzee V. Facial Adiposity, Attractiveness, and Health: A Review. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2562. [PMID: 30622491 PMCID: PMC6308207 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between facial cues and perceptions of health and attractiveness in others plays an influential role in our social interactions and mating behaviors. Several facial cues have historically been investigated in this regard, with facial adiposity being the newest addition. Evidence is mounting that a robust link exists between facial adiposity and attractiveness, as well as perceived health. Facial adiposity has also been linked to various health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, blood pressure, immune function, diabetes, arthritis, oxidative stress, hormones, and mental health. Though recent advances in the analysis of facial morphology has led to significant strides in the description and quantification of facial cues, it is becoming increasingly clear that there is a great deal of nuance in the way that humans use and integrate facial cues to form coherent social or health judgments of others. This paper serves as a review of the current literature on the relationship between facial adiposity, attractiveness, and health. A key component in utilizing facial adiposity as a cue to health and attractiveness perceptions is that people need to be able to estimate body mass from facial cues. To estimate the strength of the relationship between perceived facial adiposity and body mass, a meta-analysis was conducted on studies that quantified the relationship between perceived facial adiposity and BMI/percentage body fat. Summary effect size estimates indicate that participants could reliably estimate BMI from facial cues alone (r = 0.71, n = 458).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan de Jager
- Department of Psychology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa.,Department of Psychology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nicoleen Coetzee
- Department of Psychology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Vinet Coetzee
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Delorme A, Pierce A, Michel L, Radin D. Intuitive Assessment of Mortality Based on Facial Characteristics: Behavioral, Electrocortical, and Machine Learning Analyses. Explore (NY) 2018; 14:262-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
14
|
Stephen ID, Hiew V, Coetzee V, Tiddeman BP, Perrett DI. Facial Shape Analysis Identifies Valid Cues to Aspects of Physiological Health in Caucasian, Asian, and African Populations. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1883. [PMID: 29163270 PMCID: PMC5670498 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Facial cues contribute to attractiveness, including shape cues such as symmetry, averageness, and sexual dimorphism. These cues may represent cues to objective aspects of physiological health, thereby conferring an evolutionary advantage to individuals who find them attractive. The link between facial cues and aspects of physiological health is therefore central to evolutionary explanations of attractiveness. Previously, studies linking facial cues to aspects of physiological health have been infrequent, have had mixed results, and have tended to focus on individual facial cues in isolation. Geometric morphometric methodology (GMM) allows a bottom–up approach to identifying shape correlates of aspects of physiological health. Here, we apply GMM to facial shape data, producing models that successfully predict aspects of physiological health in 272 Asian, African, and Caucasian faces – percentage body fat (21.0% of variance explained), body mass index (BMI; 31.9%) and blood pressure (BP; 21.3%). Models successfully predict percentage body fat and blood pressure even when controlling for BMI, suggesting that they are not simply measuring body size. Predicted values of BMI and BP, but not percentage body fat, correlate with health ratings. When asked to manipulate the shape of faces along the physiological health variable axes (as determined by the models), participants reduced predicted BMI, body fat and (marginally) BP, suggesting that facial shape provides a valid cue to aspects of physiological health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Stephen
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Perception in Action Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivian Hiew
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Vinet Coetzee
- Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bernard P Tiddeman
- Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - David I Perrett
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Henderson AJ, Holzleitner IJ, Talamas SN, Perrett DI. Perception of health from facial cues. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:rstb.2015.0380. [PMID: 27069057 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impressions of health are integral to social interactions, yet poorly understood. A review of the literature reveals multiple facial characteristics that potentially act as cues to health judgements. The cues vary in their stability across time: structural shape cues including symmetry and sexual dimorphism alter slowly across the lifespan and have been found to have weak links to actual health, but show inconsistent effects on perceived health. Facial adiposity changes over a medium time course and is associated with both perceived and actual health. Skin colour alters over a short time and has strong effects on perceived health, yet links to health outcomes have barely been evaluated. Reviewing suggested an additional influence of demeanour as a perceptual cue to health. We, therefore, investigated the association of health judgements with multiple facial cues measured objectively from two-dimensional and three-dimensional facial images. We found evidence for independent contributions of face shape and skin colour cues to perceived health. Our empirical findings: (i) reinforce the role of skin yellowness; (ii) demonstrate the utility of global face shape measures of adiposity; and (iii) emphasize the role of affect in facial images with nominally neutral expression in impressions of health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey J Henderson
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Iris J Holzleitner
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Sean N Talamas
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9JP, UK
| | - David I Perrett
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9JP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Delorme A, Pierce A, Michel L, Radin D. Prediction of Mortality Based on Facial Characteristics. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:173. [PMID: 27242466 PMCID: PMC4869106 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that characteristics of the face contain a wealth of information about health, age and chronic clinical conditions. Such studies involve objective measurement of facial features correlated with historical health information. But some individuals also claim to be adept at gauging mortality based on a glance at a person’s photograph. To test this claim, we invited 12 such individuals to see if they could determine if a person was alive or dead based solely on a brief examination of facial photographs. All photos used in the experiment were transformed into a uniform gray scale and then counterbalanced across eight categories: gender, age, gaze direction, glasses, head position, smile, hair color, and image resolution. Participants examined 404 photographs displayed on a computer monitor, one photo at a time, each shown for a maximum of 8 s. Half of the individuals in the photos were deceased, and half were alive at the time the experiment was conducted. Participants were asked to press a button if they thought the person in a photo was living or deceased. Overall mean accuracy on this task was 53.8%, where 50% was expected by chance (p < 0.004, two-tail). Statistically significant accuracy was independently obtained in 5 of the 12 participants. We also collected 32-channel electrophysiological recordings and observed a robust difference between images of deceased individuals correctly vs. incorrectly classified in the early event related potential (ERP) at 100 ms post-stimulus onset. Our results support claims of individuals who report that some as-yet unknown features of the face predict mortality. The results are also compatible with claims about clairvoyance warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Delorme
- University of California San DiegoLa Jolla, CA, USA; Institute of Noetic SciencesPetaluma, CA, USA
| | - Alan Pierce
- Institute of Noetic Sciences Petaluma, CA, USA
| | | | - Dean Radin
- Institute of Noetic Sciences Petaluma, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Martinson ML, Vasunilashorn SM. The long-arm of adolescent weight status on later life depressive symptoms. Age Ageing 2016; 45:389-95. [PMID: 26972594 PMCID: PMC4846792 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afw020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND given the increase in worldwide obesity among children and adolescents, the long-term consequences of childhood obesity on the risk of adverse health outcomes in later life has garnered increased attention. Much of the work on earlier life weight status and later life health has focused on cardiovascular-related outcomes in mid- to late-adulthood; however, little is known about the later life mental health consequences of adolescent body weight. METHODS data came from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. We estimated gender-stratified logistic regression models to characterise the relationship between adolescent weight status using standardised relative body mass ascertained from high school photograph portraits in 1957 and depressive symptoms at age 65 using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale measured in 2004. RESULTS women who were overweight in adolescence were significantly more likely to experience depressive symptoms in later adulthood than their normal weight counterparts (odds ratio [OR] = 1.740) when the full set of controls was included. This relationship was not observed among men. The relationship between women's adolescent weight status and later life depressive symptoms was moderated by childhood socioeconomic status, and adolescent overweight was more predictive of later life depressive symptoms for women who were raised in low- and middle-income families (OR = 2.568 and OR = 2.763) than in high-income families (OR = 1.643). CONCLUSION these findings provide further evidence for the wide range of long-term consequences of adolescent overweight on later life well-being and are notable for the gender differences in the connection between early life circumstances and later life mental health.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
The physician’s general survey is an invaluable method for quickly assessing a patient’s overall health and demeanor. Recent studies in psychology have found that qualities of one’s face—including skin coloration and facial adiposity—are associated with one’s underlying health. Subtle variations in these features can indicate serious health problems but can be detected with the untrained eye. Here, we describe how these facial traits link to health and discuss how such cues could be incorporated into the physician’s general survey. In light of research on the barriers preventing physicians from implementing new approaches in their practice, we also consider how scans of facial cues to health could be rapidly and effortlessly integrated into a physician’s current general survey. Integrating assessments of facial cues to health into the general survey would be a simple, low-risk, and low-cost way to detect, monitor, and track possible health concerns, particularly in the burgeoning field of telemedicine.
Collapse
|
19
|
Karraker A, Sicinski K, Moynihan D. Your Face is Your Fortune: Does Adolescent Attractiveness Predict Intimate Relationships Later in Life? J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2015; 72:187-199. [PMID: 26655646 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbv112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A growing literature documents the importance of physical attractiveness in young and middle adulthood for romantic, marital, and sexual relationships, but little is known about how attractiveness in adolescence matters to intimate relationships in later life. We ask: does attractiveness early in life convey ongoing benefits late in life, or do such benefits erode over time? METHODS We use multivariate regression models and more than 50 years of data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study to examine the connections between adolescent physical attractiveness and intimate relationships (i.e., sexual activity and access to potential sexual partners) in later life. RESULTS We find that adolescent attractiveness facilitates sexual activity in later life. This relationship is largely driven by attractiveness increasing the probability of having access to potential sexual partners. However, attractiveness is not related to sexual activity among married couples, even after controlling for marital duration. Men, those in good health, and wealthier individuals are also more likely to engage in several facets of intimate relationships. DISCUSSION These findings highlight the importance of relationship context for later life sexual activity and begin to explicate the pathways through which factors across the life course-particularly attractiveness-influence sexual activity in later life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Karraker
- Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University.
| | | | - Donald Moynihan
- La Follette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Testing the Utility of a Data-Driven Approach for Assessing BMI from Face Images. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140347. [PMID: 26460526 PMCID: PMC4603950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that facial cues of adiposity may be important for human social interaction. However, tests for quantifiable cues of body mass index (BMI) in the face have examined only a small number of facial proportions and these proportions were found to have relatively low predictive power. Here we employed a data-driven approach in which statistical models were built using principal components (PCs) derived from objectively defined shape and color characteristics in face images. The predictive power of these models was then compared with models based on previously studied facial proportions (perimeter-to-area ratio, width-to-height ratio, and cheek-to-jaw width). Models based on 2D shape-only PCs, color-only PCs, and 2D shape and color PCs combined each performed significantly and substantially better than models based on one or more of the previously studied facial proportions. A non-linear PC model considering both 2D shape and color PCs was the best predictor of BMI. These results highlight the utility of a “bottom-up”, data-driven approach for assessing BMI from face images.
Collapse
|
21
|
Han C, Hahn AC, Fisher CI, Debruine LM, Jones BC. Women's facial attractiveness is related to their body mass index but not their salivary cortisol. Am J Hum Biol 2015; 28:352-5. [PMID: 26407832 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although many theories of human facial attractiveness propose positive correlations between facial attractiveness and measures of actual health, evidence for such correlations is somewhat mixed. Here we sought to replicate a recent study reporting that women's facial attractiveness is independently related to both their adiposity and cortisol. METHODS Ninety-six women provided saliva samples, which were analyzed for cortisol level, and their height and weight, which were used to calculate their body mass index (BMI). A digital face image of each woman was also taken under standardized photographic conditions and rated for attractiveness. RESULTS There was a significant negative correlation between women's facial attractiveness and BMI. By contrast, salivary cortisol and facial attractiveness were not significantly correlated. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the types of health information reflected in women's faces include qualities that are indexed by BMI but do not necessarily include qualities that are indexed by cortisol. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:352-355, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyang Han
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda C Hahn
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Claire I Fisher
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa M Debruine
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Benedict C Jones
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
People can reliably infer various traits, states, and group memberships from minimal cues. Despite impressive demonstrations of the breadth of social perception, however, few studies have critically examined the sensitivity and limits of social perception in specific quantitative terms. Here, we investigated the just noticeable difference for perceptions of a facial trait with profound consequences for social behavior, that is, facial attractiveness. Building on research examining facial adiposity, we determined the changes in body mass index needed to meaningfully alter perceivers’ judgments of weight and attractiveness. Although perceivers recognized differences as small as 1.33 kg/m2, changes of roughly twice that size (2.38 kg/m2 and 2.59 kg/m2 for women and men, respectively) were necessary to alter attractiveness. These findings contribute to a greater basic understanding of the precision and limits of social perception and may provide information of value to medical practitioners and individuals seeking to manage changes in weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Re
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas O. Rule
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Muñoz-Reyes JA, Iglesias-Julios M, Pita M, Turiegano E. Facial Features: What Women Perceive as Attractive and What Men Consider Attractive. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132979. [PMID: 26161954 PMCID: PMC4498779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Attractiveness plays an important role in social exchange and in the ability to attract potential mates, especially for women. Several facial traits have been described as reliable indicators of attractiveness in women, but very few studies consider the influence of several measurements simultaneously. In addition, most studies consider just one of two assessments to directly measure attractiveness: either self-evaluation or men's ratings. We explored the relationship between these two estimators of attractiveness and a set of facial traits in a sample of 266 young Spanish women. These traits are: facial fluctuating asymmetry, facial averageness, facial sexual dimorphism, and facial maturity. We made use of the advantage of having recently developed methodologies that enabled us to measure these variables in real faces. We also controlled for three other widely used variables: age, body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio. The inclusion of many different variables allowed us to detect any possible interaction between the features described that could affect attractiveness perception. Our results show that facial fluctuating asymmetry is related both to self-perceived and male-rated attractiveness. Other facial traits are related only to one direct attractiveness measurement: facial averageness and facial maturity only affect men's ratings. Unmodified faces are closer to natural stimuli than are manipulated photographs, and therefore our results support the importance of employing unmodified faces to analyse the factors affecting attractiveness. We also discuss the relatively low equivalence between self-perceived and male-rated attractiveness and how various anthropometric traits are relevant to them in different ways. Finally, we highlight the need to perform integrated-variable studies to fully understand female attractiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Iglesias-Julios
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Pita
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Turiegano
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Fisher CI, Hahn AC, DeBruine LM, Jones BC. Integrating shape cues of adiposity and color information when judging facial health and attractiveness. Perception 2014; 43:499-508. [PMID: 25154284 DOI: 10.1068/p7728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Facial cues of adiposity play an important role in social perceptions, such as health and attractiveness judgments. Although relatively low levels of adiposity are generally associated with good health, low levels of adiposity are also a symptom of many communicable diseases. Consequently, it may be important to distinguish between individuals displaying low levels of facial adiposity because they are in good physical condition and those displaying low levels of facial adiposity because they are ill. Integrating information from facial cues of adiposity with information from other health cues, such as facial coloration, may facilitate such distinctions. Here, participants rated the health and attractiveness of face images experimentally manipulated to vary in shape cues of adiposity and color cues associated with perceived health. As we had predicted, the extent to which faces with low levels of adiposity were rated more positively than faces with relatively high levels of adiposity was greater for faces with healthy color cues than it was for faces with unhealthy color cues. Such interactions highlight the integrative processes that allow us to distinguish between healthy and unhealthy individuals during social interactions, potentially reducing the likelihood of contracting infectious diseases.
Collapse
|
26
|
Pudrovska T, Reither EN, Logan ES, Sherman-Wilkins KJ. Gender and reinforcing associations between socioeconomic disadvantage and body mass over the life course. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2014; 55:283-301. [PMID: 25138198 PMCID: PMC4198174 DOI: 10.1177/0022146514544525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Using the 1957-1993 data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, we explore reciprocal associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and body mass in the 1939 birth cohort of non-Hispanic white men and women. We integrate the fundamental cause theory, the gender relations theory, and the life course perspective to analyze gender differences in (a) the ways that early socioeconomic disadvantage launches bidirectional associations of body mass and SES and (b) the extent to which these mutually reinforcing effects generate socioeconomic disparities in midlife body mass. Using structural equation modeling, we find that socioeconomic disadvantage at age 18 is related to higher body mass index and a greater risk of obesity at age 54, and that this relationship is significantly stronger for women than men. Moreover, women are more adversely affected by two mechanisms underlying the focal association: the obesogenic effect of socioeconomic disadvantage and the SES-impeding effect of obesity. These patterns were also replicated in propensity score-matching models. We conclude that gender and SES act synergistically over the life course to shape reciprocal chains of two disadvantaged statuses: heavier body mass and lower SES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ellis S Logan
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Darimont CT, Child KR. What enables size-selective trophy hunting of wildlife? PLoS One 2014; 9:e103487. [PMID: 25098246 PMCID: PMC4123890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although rarely considered predators, wildlife hunters can function as important ecological and evolutionary agents. In part, their influence relates to targeting of large reproductive adults within prey populations. Despite known impacts of size-selective harvests, however, we know little about what enables hunters to kill these older, rarer, and presumably more wary individuals. In other mammalian predators, predatory performance varies with knowledge and physical condition, which accumulates and declines, respectively, with age. Moreover, some species evolved camouflage as a physical trait to aid in predatory performance. In this work, we tested whether knowledge-based faculty (use of a hunting guide with accumulated experience in specific areas), physical traits (relative body mass [RBM] and camouflage clothing), and age can predict predatory performance. We measured performance as do many hunters: size of killed cervid prey, using the number of antler tines as a proxy. Examining ∼4300 online photographs of hunters posing with carcasses, we found that only the presence of guides increased the odds of killing larger prey. Accounting for this effect, modest evidence suggested that unguided hunters presumably handicapped with the highest RBM actually had greater odds of killing large prey. There was no association with hunter age, perhaps because of our coarse measure (presence of grey hair) and the performance trade-offs between knowledge accumulation and physical deterioration with age. Despite its prevalence among sampled hunters (80%), camouflage had no influence on size of killed prey. Should these patterns be representative of other areas and prey, and our interpretations correct, evolutionarily-enlightened harvest management might benefit from regulatory scrutiny on guided hunting. More broadly, we suggest that by being nutritionally and demographically de-coupled from prey and aided by efficient killing technology and road access, wildlife hunters in the developed world might have overcome many of the physical, but not knowledge-based, challenges of hunting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris T. Darimont
- Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Sidney, BC, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - K. Rosie Child
- Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Sidney, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lee BJ, Kim JY. Predicting visceral obesity based on facial characteristics. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:248. [PMID: 25030087 PMCID: PMC4223511 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Visceral obesity is associated with facial characteristics and chronic disease, but no studies on the best predictor of visceral obesity based on facial characteristics have been reported. The aims of the present study were to investigate the association of visceral obesity with facial characteristics, to determine the best predictor of normal waist and visceral obesity among these characteristics, and to compare the predictive power of individual and combined characteristics. Methods Cross-sectional data were obtained from 11347 adult Korean men and women ranging from 18 to 80 years old. We examined 15 facial characteristics to identify the strongest predictor of normal and viscerally obese subjects and assessed the predictive power of the combined characteristics. Results FD_94_194 (the distance between both inferior ear lobes) was the best indicator of the normal and viscerally obese subjects in the following groups: Men-18-50 (p ≤ 0.0001, OR = 4.610, AUC = 0.821), Men-50-80 (p ≤ 0.0001, OR = 2.624, AUC = 0.735), and Women-18-50 (p ≤ 0.0001, OR = 2.979, AUC = 0.76). In contrast, FD_43_143 (mandibular width) was the strongest predictor in Women-50-80 (p ≤ 0.0001, OR = 2.099, AUC = 0.679). In a comparison of the combined characteristics, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the kappa values of the 4 groups ranged from 0.826 to 0.702 and from 0.483 to 0.279, respectively. The model for Men-18-50 showed the strongest predictive values and the model for Women-51-80 had the lowest predictive value for both the individual and combined characteristics. Conclusions In both men and women, the predictive power of the young and middle-age groups was better than that of the elderly groups for predicting normal waist and viscerally obese subjects for both the individual and combined characteristics. The predictive power appeared to increase slightly with the combined characteristics.
Collapse
|
30
|
Pudrovska T, Logan ES, Richman A. Early-life social origins of later-life body weight: the role of socioeconomic status and health behaviors over the life course. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2014; 46:59-71. [PMID: 24767590 PMCID: PMC4150352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Using the 1957-2004 data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, we apply structural equation modeling to examine gender-specific effects of family socioeconomic status (SES) at age 18 on body weight at age 65. We further explore SES and health behaviors over the life course as mechanisms linking family background and later-life body weight. We find that early-life socioeconomic disadvantage is related to higher body weight at age 65 and a steeper weight increase between midlife and late life. These adverse effects are stronger among women than men. Significant mediators of the effect of parents' SES include adolescent body mass (especially among women) as well as exercise and SES in midlife. Yet, consistent with the critical period mechanism, the effect of early-life SES on late-life body weight persists net of all mediating variables. This study expands current understanding of life-course mechanisms that contribute to obesity and increase biological vulnerability to social disadvantage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Pudrovska
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, 514 Oswald Tower, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Ellis Scott Logan
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University, 412 Oswald Tower, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Aliza Richman
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University, 318 Oswald Tower, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pudrovska T. Early-Life Socioeconomic Status and Mortality at Three Life Course Stages: An Increasing Within-Cohort Inequality. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2014; 55:181-195. [PMID: 24818953 PMCID: PMC7416735 DOI: 10.1177/0022146514531986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Using the 1957-2011 data from 10,317 participants in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, I examine how socioeconomic status (SES) at age 18 affects all-cause mortality between ages 18 and 72. Integrating fundamental cause theory, gender relations theory, and a life course perspective, I evaluate the cumulative advantage (CA) and age-as-leveler processes as well as gender differences in these processes. Findings indicate that higher early-life SES at age 18 is related to lower mortality over the life course, and the effect of early-life SES is not explained by socioeconomic achievement and health behaviors in adulthood. Consistent with the CA model, early-life SES generates increasing within-cohort inequality with age, and this CA process is stronger for women than men. Results also show that unequal selection by SES obscures the CA process and creates an illusion of the age-as-leveler process. This study calls for a lifelong gendered approach to socioeconomic health disparities.
Collapse
|
32
|
French MT, Popovici I, Robins PK, Homer JF. Personal traits, cohabitation, and marriage. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2014; 45:184-199. [PMID: 24576635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study examines how personal traits affect the likelihood of entering into a cohabitating or marital relationship using a competing risk survival model with cohabitation and marriage as competing outcomes. The data are from Waves 1, 3, and 4 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a rich dataset with a large sample of young adults (N=9835). A personal traits index is constructed from interviewer-assessed scores on the respondents' physical attractiveness, personality, and grooming. Having a higher score on the personal traits index is associated with a greater hazard of entering into a marital relationship for men and women, but the score does not have a significant influence on entering into a cohabitating relationship. Numerous sensitivity tests support the core findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T French
- Department of Sociology, Department of Economics, and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, 5202 University Drive, Merrick Building, Room 121F, P.O. Box 248162, Coral Gables, FL 33124-2030, USA.
| | - Ioana Popovici
- Nova Southeastern University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Sociobehavioral and Administrative Pharmacy, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA.
| | - Philip K Robins
- Department of Economics, University of Miami, Jenkins Building, 5250 University Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-6550, USA.
| | - Jenny F Homer
- Health Economics Research Group, Sociology Research Center, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd., Flipse Building, Room 104, Coral Gables, FL 33124-0719, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Agreement and Individual Differences in Men’s Preferences for Women’s Facial Characteristics. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0314-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
|
34
|
Fisher CI, Fincher CL, Hahn AC, Little AC, DeBruine LM, Jones BC. Do assortative preferences contribute to assortative mating for adiposity? Br J Psychol 2013; 105:474-85. [PMID: 24168811 PMCID: PMC4282125 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Assortative mating for adiposity, whereby levels of adiposity in romantic partners tend to be positively correlated, has implications for population health due to the combined effects of partners' levels of adiposity on fertility and/or offspring health. Although assortative preferences for cues of adiposity, whereby leaner people are inherently more attracted to leaner individuals, have been proposed as a factor in assortative mating for adiposity, there have been no direct tests of this issue. Because of this, and because of recent work suggesting that facial cues of adiposity convey information about others' health that may be particularly important for mate preferences, we tested the contribution of assortative preferences for facial cues of adiposity to assortative mating for adiposity (assessed from body mass index, BMI) in a sample of romantic couples. Romantic partners' BMIs were positively correlated and this correlation was not due to the effects of age or relationship duration. However, although men and women with leaner partners showed stronger preferences for cues of low levels of adiposity, controlling for these preferences did not weaken the correlation between partners' BMIs. Indeed, own BMI and preferences were uncorrelated. These results suggest that assortative preferences for facial cues of adiposity contribute little (if at all) to assortative mating for adiposity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire I Fisher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fisher CI, Fincher CL, Hahn AC, DeBruine LM, Jones BC. Individual differences in pathogen disgust predict men’s, but not women’s, preferences for facial cues of weight. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
36
|
Abstract
Using the 1957-2011 data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, I integrate the gender relations theory, a life course perspective, and a biosocial stress perspective to explore the effect of women's job authority in 1975 (at age 36) and 1993 (at age 54) on breast cancer incidence up to 2011. Findings indicate that women with the authority to hire, fire, and influence others' pay had a significantly higher risk of a breast cancer diagnosis over the next 30 years compared to housewives and employed women with no job authority. Because job authority conferred the highest risk of breast cancer for women who also spent more hours dealing with people at work in 1975, I suggest that the assertion of job authority by women in the 1970s involved stressful interpersonal experiences, such as social isolation and negative social interactions, that may have increased the risk of breast cancer via prolonged dysregulation of the glucocorticoid system and exposure of breast tissue to the adverse effects of chronically elevated cortisol. This study contributes to sociology by emphasizing gendered biosocial pathways through which women's occupational experiences become embodied and drive forward physiological repercussions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Pudrovska
- Department of Sociology & Crime, Law and Justice, The Population Research Institute, 514 Oswald Tower, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Re DE, Dzhelyova M, Holzleitner IJ, Tigue CC, Feinberg DR, Perrett DI. Apparent height and body mass index influence perceived leadership ability in three-dimensional faces. Perception 2013; 41:1477-85. [PMID: 23586287 DOI: 10.1068/p7342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Facial appearance has a well-documented effect on perceived leadership ability. Face judgments of leadership ability predict political election outcomes across the world, and similar judgments of business CEOs predict company profits. Body height is also associated with leadership ability, with taller people attaining positions of leadership more than their shorter counterparts in both politics and in the corporate world. Previous studies have found some face characteristics that are associated with leadership judgments, however there have been no studies with three-dimensional faces. We assessed which facial characteristics drive leadership judgments in three-dimensional faces. We found a perceptual relationship between height and leadership ability. We also found that facial maturity correlated with leadership judgments, and that faces of people with an unhealthily high body mass index received lower leadership ratings. We conclude that face attributes associated with body size and maturity alter leadership perception, and may influence real-world democratic leadership selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Re
- School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Vasunilashorn S, Martinson ML. Weight status in adolescence is associated with later life functional limitations. J Aging Health 2013; 25:758-75. [PMID: 23751894 DOI: 10.1177/0898264313491426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the relationship between weight status in adolescence and later life functional limitations. METHOD We use the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study to characterize the relationship between standardized relative body mass ascertained from high school photograph portraits in 1957 and self-reported functional imitations in 2004. RESULTS Compared to individuals with normal body mass, those who were overweight in high school had poorer later life physical function, with observed gender differences. Women who were underweight in adolescence had better functioning in older adulthood than their normal weight counterparts. This relationship, however, was not found among men. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the long-term consequences of being overweight in adolescence on the functional disadvantages conferred in late life.
Collapse
|
39
|
Rantala MJ, Coetzee V, Moore FR, Skrinda I, Kecko S, Krama T, Kivleniece I, Krams I. Adiposity, compared with masculinity, serves as a more valid cue to immunocompetence in human mate choice. Proc Biol Sci 2013. [PMID: 23193134 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.2495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the 'good genes' hypothesis, females choose males based on traits that indicate the male's genetic quality in terms of disease resistance. The 'immunocompetence handicap hypothesis' proposed that secondary sexual traits serve as indicators of male genetic quality, because they indicate that males can contend with the immunosuppressive effects of testosterone. Masculinity is commonly assumed to serve as such a secondary sexual trait. Yet, women do not consistently prefer masculine looking men, nor is masculinity consistently related to health across studies. Here, we show that adiposity, but not masculinity, significantly mediates the relationship between a direct measure of immune response (hepatitis B antibody response) and attractiveness for both body and facial measurements. In addition, we show that circulating testosterone is more closely associated with adiposity than masculinity. These findings indicate that adiposity, compared with masculinity, serves as a more important cue to immunocompetence in female mate choice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus J Rantala
- Department of Biology, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pudrovska T, Carr D, McFarland M, Collins C. Higher-status occupations and breast cancer: a life-course stress approach. Soc Sci Med 2013; 89:53-61. [PMID: 23726216 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Using the 1957-2011 data from 3682 White non-Hispanic women (297 incident breast cancer cases) in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, United States, we explore the effect of occupation in 1975 (at age 36) on breast cancer incidence up to age 72. Our study is motivated by the paradoxical association between higher-status occupations and elevated breast cancer risk, which presents a challenge to the consistent health advantage of higher social class. We found that women in professional occupations had 72122% and women in managerial occupations had 57-89% higher risk of a breast cancer diagnosis than housewives and women in lower-status occupations. We explored an estrogen-related pathway (reproductive history, health behaviors, and life-course estrogen cycle) as well as a social stress pathway (occupational experiences) as potential explanations for the effect of higher-status occupations. The elevated risk of breast cancer among professional women was partly explained by estrogen-related variables but remained large and statistically significant. The association between managerial occupations and breast cancer incidence was fully explained by job authority defined as control over others' work. Exercising job authority was related to higher breast cancer risk (HR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.18), especially with longer duration of holding the professional/managerial job. We suggest that the assertion of job authority by women in the 1970s involved stressful interpersonal experiences that may have promoted breast cancer development via prolonged dysregulation of the glucocorticoid system and exposure of the breast tissue to adverse effects of chronically elevated cortisol. Our study emphasizes complex biosocial pathways through which women's gendered occupational experiences become embodied and drive forward physiological repercussions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Pudrovska
- Department of Sociology & Crime, Law, and Justice, Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Coetzee V, Faerber SJ, Greeff JM, Lefevre CE, Re DE, Perrett DI. African perceptions of female attractiveness. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48116. [PMID: 23144734 PMCID: PMC3483252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about mate choice preferences outside Western, educated, industrialised, rich and democratic societies, even though these Western populations may be particularly unrepresentative of human populations. To our knowledge, this is the first study to test which facial cues contribute to African perceptions of African female attractiveness and also the first study to test the combined role of facial adiposity, skin colour (lightness, yellowness and redness), skin homogeneity and youthfulness in the facial attractiveness preferences of any population. Results show that youthfulness, skin colour, skin homogeneity and facial adiposity significantly and independently predict attractiveness in female African faces. Younger, thinner women with a lighter, yellower skin colour and a more homogenous skin tone are considered more attractive. These findings provide a more global perspective on human mate choice and point to a universal role for these four facial cues in female facial attractiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinet Coetzee
- Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
A classification method of normal and overweight females based on facial features for automated medical applications. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:834578. [PMID: 22919277 PMCID: PMC3420233 DOI: 10.1155/2012/834578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and overweight have become serious public health problems worldwide. Obesity and abdominal obesity are associated with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome. In this paper, we first suggest a method of predicting normal and overweight females according to body mass index (BMI) based on facial features. A total of 688 subjects participated in this study. We obtained the area under the ROC curve (AUC) value of 0.861 and kappa value of 0.521 in Female: 21–40 (females aged 21–40 years) group, and AUC value of 0.76 and kappa value of 0.401 in Female: 41–60 (females aged 41–60 years) group. In two groups, we found many features showing statistical differences between normal and overweight subjects by using an independent two-sample t-test. We demonstrated that it is possible to predict BMI status using facial characteristics. Our results provide useful information for studies of obesity and facial characteristics, and may provide useful clues in the development of applications for alternative diagnosis of obesity in remote healthcare.
Collapse
|
43
|
Tinlin RM, Watkins CD, Welling LLM, DeBruine LM, Al-Dujaili EAS, Jones BC. Perceived facial adiposity conveys information about women's health. Br J Psychol 2012; 104:235-48. [PMID: 23560669 DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.2012.02117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although several prominent theories of human facial attractiveness propose that some facial characteristics convey information about people's health, empirical evidence for this claim is somewhat mixed. While most previous research into this issue has focused on facial characteristics such as symmetry, averageness, and sexual dimorphism, a recent study reported that ratings of facial adiposity (i.e., perceptions of fatness in the face) were positively correlated with indices of poor physical condition in a sample of young adults (i.e., reported past health problems and measures of cardiovascular fitness). These findings are noteworthy, since they suggest that perceived adiposity is a potentially important facial cue of health that has been overlooked by much of the previous work in this area. Here, we show that ratings of young adult women's facial adiposity are (1) better predicted by their body weight than by their body shape (Studies 1 and 2), (2) correlated with a composite measure of their physical and psychological condition (Study 2), and (3) negatively correlated with their trait (i.e., average) salivary progesterone levels (Study 3). Together, these findings present further evidence that perceived facial adiposity, or a correlate thereof, conveys potentially important information about women's actual health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rowan M Tinlin
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Glass CM, Haas SA, Reither EN. The Skinny on Success: Body Mass, Gender and Occupational Standing Across the Life Course. SOCIAL FORCES; A SCIENTIFIC MEDIUM OF SOCIAL STUDY AND INTERPRETATION 2010; 88:1777-1806. [PMID: 20936045 PMCID: PMC2951322 DOI: 10.1353/sof.2010.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have analyzed the impact of obesity on occupational standing. This study extends previous research by estimating the influence of body mass on occupational attainment over three decades of the career using data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. In a series of covariance structure analyses, we considered three mechanisms that may alter the career trajectories of heavy individuals: (1. employment-based discrimination, (2. educational attainment, and (3. marriage market processes. Unlike previous studies, we found limited evidence that employment-based discrimination impaired the career trajectories of either men or women. Instead, we found that heavy women received less post-secondary schooling than their thinner peers, which in turn adversely affected their occupational standing at each point in their careers.
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
We review recent developments in longitudinal studies of aging, focusing on the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Both studies are part of a trend toward biosocial surveys in which biological measurement is joined with traditional survey techniques, and a related trend toward greater harmonization across studies. Both studies have collected DNA samples and are working toward genotyping that would allow broadly based association studies. Increased attention to psychological measurement of personality and of cognitive ability using adaptive testing structures has also been shared across the studies. The HRS has expanded its economic measurement to longitudinal studies of consumption and to broader-based measurement of pension and Social Security wealth. It has added biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. The WLS has developed an integrated approach to the study of death and bereavement and an innovative use of high school yearbook photographs to capture information about health in early life of its participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hauser
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|