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Hensel J, Metts J, Gupta A, Ladle BH, Pilon-Thomas S, Mullinax J. Adoptive Cellular Therapy for Pediatric Solid Tumors: Beyond Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Therapy. Cancer J 2022; 28:322-327. [PMID: 35880942 PMCID: PMC9847472 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Children and adolescents with high-risk (metastatic and relapsed) solid tumors have poor outcomes despite intensive multimodal therapy, and there is a pressing need for novel therapeutic strategies. Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) has demonstrated activity in multiple adult cancer types, and opportunity exists to expand the use of this therapy in children. Employment of immunotherapy in the pediatric population has realized only modest overall clinical trial results, with success thus far restricted mainly to antibody-based therapies and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies for lymphoid malignancy. As we improve our understanding of the orchestrated cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in ACT, this will provide biologic insight and improved ACT strategies for pediatric malignancies. This review focuses on ACT strategies outside of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, including completed and ongoing clinical trials, and highlights promising preclinical data in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes that enhance the clinical efficacy of ACT for high-risk pediatric solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hensel
- Sarcoma, Immunology, Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa
| | - Jonathan Metts
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, FL
| | - Ajay Gupta
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY
| | - Brian H. Ladle
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - John Mullinax
- Sarcoma, Immunology, Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa
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2
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The Thermal Dose of Photothermal Therapy Generates Differential Immunogenicity in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061447. [PMID: 35326601 PMCID: PMC8945975 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is an effective method for tumor eradication and has been successfully combined with immunotherapy. However, besides its cytotoxic effects, little is known about the effect of the PTT thermal dose on the immunogenicity of treated tumor cells. Therefore, we administered a range of thermal doses using Prussian blue nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy (PBNP-PTT) and assessed their effects on tumor cell death and concomitant immunogenicity correlates in two human neuroblastoma cell lines: SH-SY5Y (MYCN-non-amplified) and LAN-1 (MYCN-amplified). PBNP-PTT generated thermal dose-dependent tumor cell killing and immunogenic cell death (ICD) in both tumor lines in vitro. However, the effect of the thermal dose on ICD and the expression of costimulatory molecules, immune checkpoint molecules, major histocompatibility complexes, an NK cell-activating ligand, and a neuroblastoma-associated antigen were significantly more pronounced in SH-SY5Y cells compared with LAN-1 cells, consistent with the high-risk phenotype of LAN-1 cells. In functional co-culture studies in vitro, T cells exhibited significantly higher cytotoxicity toward SH-SY5Y cells relative to LAN-1 cells at equivalent thermal doses. This preliminary report suggests the importance of moving past the traditional focus of using PTT solely for tumor eradication to one that considers the immunogenic effects of PTT thermal dose to facilitate its success in cancer immunotherapy.
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Wu D, Berg J, Arlt B, Röhrs V, Al-Zeer MA, Deubzer HE, Kurreck J. Bioprinted Cancer Model of Neuroblastoma in a Renal Microenvironment as an Efficiently Applicable Drug Testing Platform. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010122. [PMID: 35008547 PMCID: PMC8745467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of new anticancer drugs with currently available animal models is hampered by the fact that human cancer cells are embedded in an animal-derived environment. Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid malignancy of childhood. Major obstacles include managing chemotherapy-resistant relapses and resistance to induction therapy, leading to early death in very-high-risk patients. Here, we present a three-dimensional (3D) model for neuroblastoma composed of IMR-32 cells with amplified genes of the myelocytomatosis viral related oncogene MYCN and the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in a renal environment of exclusively human origin, made of human embryonic kidney 293 cells and primary human kidney fibroblasts. The model was produced with two pneumatic extrusion printheads using a commercially available bioprinter. Two drugs were exemplarily tested in this model: While the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat selectively killed the cancer cells by apoptosis induction but did not affect renal cells in the therapeutically effective concentration range, the peptidyl nucleoside antibiotic blasticidin induced cell death in both cell types. Importantly, differences in sensitivity between two-dimensional (2D) and 3D cultures were cell-type specific, making the therapeutic window broader in the bioprinted model and demonstrating the value of studying anticancer drugs in human 3D models. Altogether, this cancer model allows testing cytotoxicity and tumor selectivity of new anticancer drugs, and the open scaffold design enables the free exchange of tumor and microenvironment by any cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Applied Biochemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (D.W.); (J.B.); (V.R.); (M.A.A.-Z.)
| | - Johanna Berg
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Applied Biochemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (D.W.); (J.B.); (V.R.); (M.A.A.-Z.)
| | - Birte Arlt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (B.A.); (H.E.D.)
| | - Viola Röhrs
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Applied Biochemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (D.W.); (J.B.); (V.R.); (M.A.A.-Z.)
| | - Munir A. Al-Zeer
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Applied Biochemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (D.W.); (J.B.); (V.R.); (M.A.A.-Z.)
| | - Hedwig E. Deubzer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (B.A.); (H.E.D.)
- Neuroblastoma Research Group, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the Charité and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Berliner Institut für Gesundheitsforschung (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Kurreck
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Applied Biochemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (D.W.); (J.B.); (V.R.); (M.A.A.-Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-314-27-582; Fax: +49-30-314-27-502
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4
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Cardenas FI, Mauguen A, Cheung IY, Kramer K, Kushner BH, Ragupathi G, Cheung NKV, Modak S. Phase I Trial of Oral Yeast-Derived β-Glucan to Enhance Anti-GD2 Immunotherapy of Resistant High-Risk Neuroblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246265. [PMID: 34944886 PMCID: PMC8699451 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta glucans, complex polysaccharides, prime leukocyte dectin-1 and CR3-receptors and enhance anti-tumor cytotoxicity of complement-activating monoclonal antibodies. We conducted a phase I study (clinicaltrials.gov NCT00492167) to determine the safety of the combination of yeast-derived beta glucan (BG) and anti-GD2 murine monoclonal antibody 3F8 in patients with relapsed or refractory high-risk neuroblastoma. Patients received intravenous 3F8 (fixed dose of 10 mg/m2/day × 10 days) and oral BG (dose-escalated from 10-200 mg/kg/day × 17 days in cohorts of 3-6 patients each). Forty-four patients completed 141 cycles. One patient developed DLT: transient self-limiting hepatic transaminase elevation 5 days after starting BG (120 mg/kg/day). Overall, 1, 3, 12 and 24 evaluable patients had complete response, partial response, stable and progressive disease, respectively, at the end of treatment. Positive human anti-mouse antibody response and dectin-1 rs3901533 polymorphism were associated with better overall survival. BG dose level and serum BG levels did not correlate with response. Progression-free and overall survival at 2 years were 28% and 61%, respectively. BG lacked major toxicity. Treatment with 3F8 plus BG was associated with anti-neuroblastoma responses in patients with resistant disease. Although the maximal tolerated dose for yeast BG was not reached, considering the large volume of oral BG, we recommended 40 mg/kg/day as the phase II dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Iglesias Cardenas
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (F.I.C.); (I.Y.C.); (K.K.); (B.H.K.); (N.-K.V.C.)
| | - Audrey Mauguen
- Department of Epidemiology-Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Irene Y. Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (F.I.C.); (I.Y.C.); (K.K.); (B.H.K.); (N.-K.V.C.)
| | - Kim Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (F.I.C.); (I.Y.C.); (K.K.); (B.H.K.); (N.-K.V.C.)
| | - Brian H. Kushner
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (F.I.C.); (I.Y.C.); (K.K.); (B.H.K.); (N.-K.V.C.)
| | - Govind Ragupathi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Nai-Kong V. Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (F.I.C.); (I.Y.C.); (K.K.); (B.H.K.); (N.-K.V.C.)
| | - Shakeel Modak
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (F.I.C.); (I.Y.C.); (K.K.); (B.H.K.); (N.-K.V.C.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Ali AH, Wei W, Wang X. A review of milk gangliosides: Occurrence, biosynthesis, identification, and nutritional and functional significance. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmoneim H Ali
- Department of Food Science Faculty of Agriculture Zagazig University Zagazig 44511 Egypt
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Wei Wei
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
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6
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Shao C, Anand V, Andreeff M, Battula VL. Ganglioside GD2: a novel therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1508:35-53. [PMID: 34596246 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by lack of hormone receptor expression and is known for high rates of recurrence, distant metastases, and poor clinical outcomes. TNBC cells lack targetable receptors; hence, there is an urgent need for targetable markers for the disease. Breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSCs) are a fraction of cells in primary tumors that are associated with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. Targeting BCSCs is thus an effective strategy for preventing cancer metastatic spread and sensitizing tumors to chemotherapy. The CD44hi CD24lo phenotype is a well-established phenotype for identification of BCSCs, but CD44 and CD24 are not targetable markers owing to their expression in normal tissues. The ganglioside GD2 has been shown to be upregulated in primary TNBC tumors compared with normal breast tissue and has been shown to identify BCSCs. In this review, we discuss GD2 as a BCSC- and tumor-specific marker in TNBC; epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the signaling pathways that are upstream and downstream of GD2 and the role of these pathways in tumorigenesis and metastasis in TNBC; direct and indirect approaches for targeting GD2; and ongoing clinical trials and treatments directed against GD2 as well as future directions for these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Shao
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vivek Anand
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Venkata Lokesh Battula
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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7
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Neuroblastoma GD2 Expression and Computational Analysis of Aptamer-Based Bioaffinity Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169101. [PMID: 34445807 PMCID: PMC8396649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a neuroectodermal embryonic cancer that originates from primordial neural crest cells, and amongst pediatric cancers with high mortality rates. NB is categorized into high-, intermediate-, and low-risk cases. A significant proportion of high-risk patients who achieve remission have a minimal residual disease (MRD) that causes relapse. Whilst there exists a myriad of advanced treatment options for NB, it is still characterized by a high relapse rate, resulting in a reduced chance of survival. Disialoganglioside (GD2) is a lipo-ganglioside containing a fatty acid derivative of sphingosine that is coupled to a monosaccharide and a sialic acid. Amongst pediatric solid tumors, NB tumor cells are known to express GD2; hence, it represents a unique antigen for subclinical NB MRD detection and analysis with implications in determining a response for treatment. This article discusses NB MRD expression and analytical assays for GD2 detection and quantification as well as computational approaches for GD2 characterization based on high-throughput image processing and genomic data analysis.
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8
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Sarbu M, Petrica L, Clemmer DE, Vukelić Ž, Zamfir AD. Gangliosides of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Comprehensive Mapping and Structural Analysis by Ion Mobility Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1249-1257. [PMID: 33900081 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a malignant, highly aggressive, grade IV brain tumor, which rapidly infiltrates into the nearby tissue, has drawn a significant amount of attention because of its poor prognosis and the limited treatment options available. In GBM, nearly all tumor cells exhibit aberrant cell-surface glycosylation patterns due to the alteration of their biosynthesis or postsynthesis modification process. Since gangliosides (GGs) are acknowledged as tumor-associated antigens, we have carried out here a comprehensive profiling of native ganglioside mixtures extracted and purified from GBM specimens. For this purpose, high performance ion mobility separation mass spectrometry (IMS MS) was thoroughly optimized to allow the discovery of GBM-specific structures and the assessment of their roles as tumor markers or possible associated antigens. GG separation by IMS according to the charge state, carbohydrate chain length, degree of sialylation, and ceramide composition led to the identification of no less than 160 distinct components, which represents 3-fold the number of structures identified before. The detected GGs and asialo-GGs were found characterized by a high heterogeneity in their ceramide and glycan compositions, encompassing up five Neu5Ac residues. The tumor was found dominated in equal and high proportions by GD3 and GT1 forms, with a particular incidence of C24:1 fatty acids in the ceramide. By the occurrence of only one mobility feature and the diagnostic fragment ions, the IMS tandem MS conducted using collision-induced dissociation (CID) disclosed for the first time the presence of GT1c(d18:1/24:1) newly proposed here as a potential GBM marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Sarbu
- Department of Condensed Matter, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300224, Timisoara, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, West University of Timisoara, 300223, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ligia Petrica
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara and Centers for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Diseases, Translational Research and Systems and Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
| | - David E Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry, The College of Arts and Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Željka Vukelić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Alina D Zamfir
- Department of Condensed Matter, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300224, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Technical and Natural Sciences, "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, 310130, Arad, Romania
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9
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Bhoopathi P, Mannangatti P, Emdad L, Das SK, Fisher PB. The quest to develop an effective therapy for neuroblastoma. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7775-7791. [PMID: 33834508 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common solid extracranial tumor developing in pediatric populations. NB can spontaneously regress or grow and metastasize displaying resistance to therapy. This tumor is derived from primitive cells, mainly those of the neural crest, in the sympathetic nervous system and usually develops in the adrenal medulla and paraspinal ganglia. Our understanding of the molecular characteristics of human NBs continues to advance documenting abnormalities at the genome, epigenome, and transcriptome levels. The high-risk tumors have MYCN oncogene amplification, and the MYCN transcriptional regulator encoded by the MYCN oncogene is highly expressed in the neural crest. Studies on the biology of NB has enabled a more precise risk stratification strategy and a concomitant reduction in the required treatment in an expanding number of cases worldwide. However, newer treatment strategies are mandated to improve outcomes in pediatric patients who are at high-risk and display relapse. To improve outcomes and survival rates in such high-risk patients, it is necessary to use a multicomponent therapeutic approach. Accuracy in clinical staging of the disease and assessment of the associated risks based on biological, clinical, surgical, and pathological criteria are of paramount importance for prognosis and to effectively plan therapeutic approaches. This review discusses the staging of NB and the biological and genetic features of the disease and several current therapies including targeted delivery of chemotherapy, novel radiation therapy, and immunotherapy for NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Bhoopathi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Padmanabhan Mannangatti
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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10
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Miao L, Zhuo Z, Tang J, Huang X, Liu J, Wang H, Xia H, He J. FABP4 deactivates NF-κB-IL1α pathway by ubiquitinating ATPB in tumor-associated macrophages and promotes neuroblastoma progression. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e395. [PMID: 33931964 PMCID: PMC8087928 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common and deadliest pediatric solid tumor. Targeting and reactivating tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is necessary for reversing immune suppressive state and stimulating immune defense to exert tumoricidal function. However, studies on the function and regulation of TAMs in NB progression are still limited. Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) in TAMs was correlated with advanced clinical stages and unfavorable histology of NB. FABP4-mediated macrophages increased migration, invasion, and tumor growth of NB cells. Mechanically, FABP4 could directly bind to ATPB to accelerate ATPB ubiquitination in macrophages. The consequently decreased ATP levels could deactivate NF-κB/RelA-IL1α pathway, which subsequently results in macrophages reprogrammed to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. We also demonstrated that FABP4-enhanced migration and invasion were significantly suppressed by IL1α blocking antibody. Furthermore, circulating FABP4 was also associated with the clinical stages of NB. Our findings suggest that FABP4-mediated macrophages may promote proliferation and migration phenotypes in NB cells through deactivating NF-κB-IL1α pathway by ubiquitinating ATPB. This study reveals the pathologic and biologic role of FABP4-mediated macrophages in NB development and exhibits a novel application of targeting FABP4 in macrophages for NB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Miao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhenjian Zhuo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jue Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaomei Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiabin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hai‐Yun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huimin Xia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jing He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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11
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Design and Implementation of NK Cell-Based Immunotherapy to Overcome the Solid Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123871. [PMID: 33371456 PMCID: PMC7767468 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune effectors capable of broad cytotoxicity via germline-encoded receptors and can have conferred cytotoxic potential via the addition of chimeric antigen receptors. Combined with their reduced risk of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and cytokine release syndrome (CRS), NK cells are an attractive therapeutic platform. While significant progress has been made in treating hematological malignancies, challenges remain in using NK cell-based therapy to combat solid tumors due to their immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TMEs). The development of novel strategies enabling NK cells to resist the deleterious effects of the TME is critical to their therapeutic success against solid tumors. In this review, we discuss strategies that apply various genetic and non-genetic engineering approaches to enhance receptor-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity, improve NK cell resistance to TME effects, and enhance persistence in the TME. The successful design and application of these strategies will ultimately lead to more efficacious NK cell therapies to treat patients with solid tumors. This review outlines the mechanisms by which TME components suppress the anti-tumor activity of endogenous and adoptively transferred NK cells while also describing various approaches whose implementation in NK cells may lead to a more robust therapeutic platform against solid tumors.
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12
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Baniel CC, Sumiec EG, Hank JA, Bates AM, Erbe AK, Pieper AA, Hoefges AG, Patel RB, Rakhmilevich AL, Morris ZS, Sondel PM. Intratumoral injection reduces toxicity and antibody-mediated neutralization of immunocytokine in a mouse melanoma model. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001262. [PMID: 33115944 PMCID: PMC7594540 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some patients with cancer treated with anticancer monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) develop antidrug antibodies (ADAs) that recognize and bind the therapeutic antibody. This response may neutralize the therapeutic mAb, interfere with mAb effector function or cause toxicities. We investigated the potential influence of ADA to modify the tumor-binding capability of a tumor-reactive ‘immunocytokine’ (IC), namely, a fusion protein (hu14.18-IL2) consisting of a humanized, tumor-reactive, anti-GD2 mAb genetically linked to interleukin 2. We characterize the role of treatment delivery of IC (intravenous vs intratumoral) on the impact of ADA on therapeutic outcome following IC treatments in an established antimelanoma (MEL) regimen involving radiotherapy (RT) +IC. Methods C57BL/6 mice were injected with human IgG or the hu14.18-IL2 IC to develop a mouse anti-human antibody (MAHA) response (MAHA+). In vitro assays were performed to assess ADA binding to IC using sera from MAHA+ and MAHA− mice. In vivo experiments assessed the levels of IC bound to tumor in MAHA+ and MAHA− mice, and the influence of IC route of delivery on its ability to bind to B78 (GD2+) MEL tumors. Results MAHA is inducible in C57BL/6 mice. In vitro assays show that MAHA is capable of inhibiting the binding of IC to GD2 antigen on B78 cells, resulting in impaired ADCC mediated by IC. When B78-bearing mice are injected intravenously with IC, less IC binds to B78-MEL tumors in MAHA+ mice than in MAHA− mice. In contrast, when IC is injected intratumorally in tumor-bearing mice, the presence of MAHA does not detectibly impact IC binding to the tumor. Combination therapy with RT+IT-IC showed improved tumor regression compared with RT alone in MAHA+ mice. If given intratumorally, IC could be safely readministered in tumor-bearing MAHA+ mice, while intravenous injections of IC in MAHA+ mice caused severe toxicity. Histamine levels were elevated in MAHA+ mice compared with MAHA− mice after reintroduction of IC. Conclusions Intratumoral injection may be a means of overcoming ADA neutralization of therapeutic activity of tumor-reactive mAbs or ICs and may reduce systemic toxicity, which could have significant translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire C Baniel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Sumiec
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jacquelyn A Hank
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amber M Bates
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amy K Erbe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alexander A Pieper
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anna G Hoefges
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ravi B Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Zachary S Morris
- Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul M Sondel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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13
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Yang RK, Kuznetsov IB, Ranheim EA, Wei JS, Sindiri S, Gryder BE, Gangalapudi V, Song YK, Patel V, Hank JA, Zuleger C, Erbe AK, Morris ZS, Quale R, Kim K, Albertini MR, Khan J, Sondel PM. Outcome-Related Signatures Identified by Whole Transcriptome Sequencing of Resectable Stage III/IV Melanoma Evaluated after Starting Hu14.18-IL2. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3296-3306. [PMID: 32152202 PMCID: PMC7334053 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We analyzed whole transcriptome sequencing in tumors from 23 patients with stage III or IV melanoma from a pilot trial of the anti-GD2 immunocytokine, hu14.18-IL2, to identify predictive immune and/or tumor biomarkers in patients with melanoma at high risk for recurrence. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients were randomly assigned to receive the first of three monthly courses of hu14.18-IL2 immunotherapy either before (Group A) or after (Group B) complete surgical resection of all known diseases. Tumors were evaluated by histology and whole transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) levels directly associated with relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in resected tumors from Group A, where early responses to the immunotherapy agent could be assessed. TIL levels directly associated with a previously reported immune signature, which associated with RFS and OS, particularly in Group A tumors. In Group A tumors, there were decreased cell-cycling gene RNA transcripts, but increased RNA transcripts for repair and growth genes. We found that outcome (RFS and OS) was directly associated with several immune signatures and immune-related RNA transcripts and inversely associated with several tumor growth-associated transcripts, particularly in Group A tumors. Most of these associations were not seen in Group B tumors. CONCLUSIONS We interpret these data to signify that both immunologic and tumoral cell processes, as measured by RNA-sequencing analyses detected shortly after initiation of hu14.18-IL2 therapy, are associated with long-term survival and could potentially be used as prognostic biomarkers in tumor resection specimens obtained after initiating neoadjuvant immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Igor B Kuznetsov
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York
| | - Erik A Ranheim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jun S Wei
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sivasish Sindiri
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Berkley E Gryder
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Young K Song
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Viharkumar Patel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jacquelyn A Hank
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Cindy Zuleger
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center (UWCCC), Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Medicine, UW School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Medical Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Amy K Erbe
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Zachary S Morris
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Renae Quale
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center (UWCCC), Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Medicine, UW School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Medical Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - KyungMann Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mark R Albertini
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center (UWCCC), Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Medicine, UW School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Medical Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Javed Khan
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Paul M Sondel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, and UWCCC, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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14
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Batth IS, Dao L, Satelli A, Mitra A, Yi S, Noh H, Li H, Brownlee Z, Zhou S, Bond J, Wang J, Gill J, Sholler GS, Li S. Cell surface vimentin-positive circulating tumor cell-based relapse prediction in a long-term longitudinal study of postremission neuroblastoma patients. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:3550-3559. [PMID: 32506485 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a deadly childhood disease that carries a 50% chance of relapse for anyone in remission and similar level of 5-year survival. We investigated the value of our proprietary approach-cell surface vimentin (CSV) positive circulating tumor cells (CTC) to monitor treatment response and predict relapse in NB patients under remission in a Phase II long-term preventative clinical trial. We longitudinally analyzed peripheral blood samples from 93 patients for 27 cycles (~25 months) and discovered that the presence of CSV+ CTCs in the first two sequential samples (baseline, cycle 4 [month 3-4]) was a significant indicator of earlier relapse. We observed strong correlation between relapse-free survival (RFS) and lack of CSV+ CTCs in first 4 cycles of therapy (95%). There was sensitivity reaching 100% in predicting RFS in patients who had neither CSV+ CTCs nor MycN amplification. Of note, the low number of CSV+ CTCs seems equivalent to low tumor load because the prevention therapy difluoromethylornithine yields faster reduction of relapse risk when none or only 1-2 CSV+ CTCs (every 6 mL) are present in the blood samples compared to >3 CSV+ CTCs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that directly observes CTCs in under remission NB patients for relapse prediction and the first to gather sequential CSV+ CTC data in any study in a long-term longitudinal manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhar S Batth
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Long Dao
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Arun Satelli
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Abhisek Mitra
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sofia Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hyangsoon Noh
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Heming Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zachary Brownlee
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shouhao Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey Bond
- Pediatric Oncology Translational Research Program, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan Gill
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Giselle S Sholler
- Pediatric Oncology Translational Research Program, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Shulin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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15
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Atherton MJ, Lenz JA, Mason NJ. Sarcomas-A barren immunological wasteland or field of opportunity for immunotherapy? Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:447-470. [PMID: 32246517 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Key advances in our understanding of immunobiology and the immunosuppressive mechanisms of the tumour microenvironment have led to significant breakthroughs in manipulating the immune system to successfully treat cancer. Remarkable therapeutic responses have occurred with tumours that carry a high mutational burden. In these cases, pre-existing tumour-specific T cells can be rejuvenated via checkpoint inhibition to eliminate tumours. Furthermore, durable remissions have been achieved in haematological malignancies following adoptive transfer of T cells that specifically target cell surface proteins where expression is restricted to the malignancy's cell of origin. Soft tissue sarcomas and bone sarcomas have a paucity of non-synonymous somatic mutations and do not commonly express known, targetable, tumour-specific antigens. Historically, soft tissue sarcomas have been considered immunologically 'cold' and as such, unlikely candidates for immune therapy. Here, we review the immune landscape of canine and feline sarcomas and the immunotherapeutic strategies that have been employed in veterinary clinical trials to improve patient outcome. We also provide insight into immunotherapeutic approaches being used to treat human sarcomas. Together, current data indicates that, rather than a barren immunological wasteland, sarcomas represent a field of opportunities for immunotherapies. Furthermore, we and others would suggest that strategic combinations of immunotherapeutic approaches may hold promise for more effective treatments for high grade soft tissue sarcomas and bone sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Atherton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer A Lenz
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicola J Mason
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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16
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Ornell KJ, Taylor JS, Zeki J, Ikegaki N, Shimada H, Coburn JM, Chiu B. Local delivery of dinutuximab from lyophilized silk fibroin foams for treatment of an orthotopic neuroblastoma model. Cancer Med 2020; 9:2891-2903. [PMID: 32096344 PMCID: PMC7163090 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy targeting GD2 is a primary treatment for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. Dinutuximab is a monoclonal antibody with great clinical promise but is limited by side effects such as severe pain. Local delivery has emerged as a potential mechanism to deliver higher doses of therapeutics into the tumor bed, while limiting systemic toxicity. We aim to deliver dinutuximab locally in a lyophilized silk fibroin foam for the treatment of an orthotopic neuroblastoma mouse model. Dinutuximab-loaded silk fibroin foams were fabricated through lyophilization. In vitro release profile and bioactivity of the release through complement-dependent cytotoxicity were characterized. MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells (KELLY) were injected into the left gland of mice to generate an orthotopic neuroblastoma model. Once the tumor volume reached 100 mm3 , dinutuximab-, human IgG-, or buffer-loaded foams were implanted into the tumor and growth was monitored using high-resolution ultrasound. Post-resection histology was performed on tumors. Dinutuximab-loaded silk fibroin foams exhibited a burst release, with slow release thereafter in vitro with maintenance of bioactivity. The dinutuximab-loaded foam significantly inhibited xenograft tumor growth compared to IgG- and buffer-loaded foams. Histological analysis revealed the presence of dinutuximab within the tumor and neutrophils and macrophages infiltrating into dinutuximab-loaded silk foam. Tumors treated with local dinutuximab had decreased MYCN expression on histology compared to control or IgG-treated tumors. Silk fibroin foams offer a mechanism for local release of dinutuximab within the neuroblastoma tumor. This local delivery achieved a significant decrease in tumor growth rate in a mouse orthotopic tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Ornell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jordan S Taylor
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine Zeki
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Naohiko Ikegaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeannine M Coburn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Bill Chiu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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17
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Mitwasi N, Feldmann A, Arndt C, Koristka S, Berndt N, Jureczek J, Loureiro LR, Bergmann R, Máthé D, Hegedüs N, Kovács T, Zhang C, Oberoi P, Jäger E, Seliger B, Rössig C, Temme A, Eitler J, Tonn T, Schmitz M, Hassel JC, Jäger D, Wels WS, Bachmann M. "UniCAR"-modified off-the-shelf NK-92 cells for targeting of GD2-expressing tumour cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2141. [PMID: 32034289 PMCID: PMC7005792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific redirection of immune effector cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) demonstrated high therapeutic potential for targeting cancers of different origins. Beside CAR-T cells, natural killer (NK) cells represent promising alternative effectors that can be combined with CAR technology. Unlike T cells, primary NK cells and the NK cell line NK-92 can be applied as allogeneic off-the-shelf products with a reduced risk of toxicities. We previously established a modular universal CAR (UniCAR) platform which consists of UniCAR-expressing immune cells that cannot recognize target antigens directly but are redirected by a tumour-specific target module (TM). The TM contains an antigen-binding moiety fused to a peptide epitope which is recognized by the UniCAR molecule, thereby allowing an on/off switch of CAR activity, and facilitating flexible targeting of various tumour antigens depending on the presence and specificity of the TM. Here, we provide proof of concept that it is feasible to generate a universal off-the-shelf cellular therapeutic based on UniCAR NK-92 cells targeted to tumours expressing the disialoganglioside GD2 by GD2-specific TMs that are either based on an antibody-derived single-chain fragment variable (scFv) or an IgG4 backbone. Redirected UniCAR NK-92 cells induced specific killing of GD2-expressing cells in vitro and in vivo, associated with enhanced production of interferon-γ. Analysis of radiolabelled proteins demonstrated that the IgG4-based format increased the in vivo half-life of the TM markedly in comparison to the scFv-based molecule. In summary, UniCAR NK-92 cells represent a universal off-the-shelf platform that is highly effective and flexible, allowing the use of different TM formats for specific tumour targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Mitwasi
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Feldmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Arndt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefanie Koristka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Berndt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Justyna Jureczek
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Liliana R Loureiro
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus', TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany.,Semmelweis University, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domokos Máthé
- Semmelweis University, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Hegedüs
- Semmelweis University, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Congcong Zhang
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pranav Oberoi
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elke Jäger
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Claudia Rössig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children´s Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Achim Temme
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus', TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery and Tumor Immunology, University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus', TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jiri Eitler
- Expermintal Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty 'Carl Gustav Carus', TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Torsten Tonn
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Expermintal Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty 'Carl Gustav Carus', TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Schmitz
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus', TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty 'Carl Gustav Carus', TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jessica C Hassel
- Department of Dermatology and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jäger
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Medical Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Winfried S Wels
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus', TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC) 'Carl Gustav Carus', TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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18
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Slattery K, Gardiner CM. NK Cell Metabolism and TGFβ - Implications for Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2915. [PMID: 31921174 PMCID: PMC6927492 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells are innate lymphocytes which play an essential role in protection against cancer and viral infection. Their functions are dictated by many factors including the receptors they express, cytokines they respond to and changes in the external environment. These cell processes are regulated within NK cells at many levels including genetic, epigenetic and expression (RNA and protein) levels. The last decade has revealed cellular metabolism as another level of immune regulation. Specific immune cells adopt metabolic configurations that support their functions, and this is a dynamic process with cells undergoing metabolic reprogramming during the course of an immune response. Upon activation with pro-inflammatory cytokines, NK cells upregulate both glycolysis and oxphos metabolic pathways and this supports their anti-cancer functions. Perturbation of these pathways inhibits NK cell effector functions. Anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TGFβ can inhibit metabolic changes and reduce functional outputs. Although a lot remains to be learned, our knowledge of potential molecular mechanisms involved is growing quickly. This review will discuss our current knowledge on the role of TGFβ in regulating NK cell metabolism and will draw on a wider knowledge base regarding TGFβ regulation of cellular metabolic pathways, in order to highlight potential ways in which TGFβ might be targeted to contribute to the exciting progress that is being made in terms of adoptive NK cell therapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Slattery
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clair M Gardiner
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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19
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Voeller J, Erbe AK, Slowinski J, Rasmussen K, Carlson PM, Hoefges A, VandenHeuvel S, Stuckwisch A, Wang X, Gillies SD, Patel RB, Farrel A, Rokita JL, Maris J, Hank JA, Morris ZS, Rakhmilevich AL, Sondel PM. Combined innate and adaptive immunotherapy overcomes resistance of immunologically cold syngeneic murine neuroblastoma to checkpoint inhibition. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:344. [PMID: 31810498 PMCID: PMC6898936 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike some adult cancers, most pediatric cancers are considered immunologically cold and generally less responsive to immunotherapy. While immunotherapy has already been incorporated into standard of care treatment for pediatric patients with high-risk neuroblastoma, overall survival remains poor. In a mouse melanoma model, we found that radiation and tumor-specific immunocytokine generate an in situ vaccination response in syngeneic mice bearing large tumors. Here, we tested whether a novel immunotherapeutic approach utilizing radiation and immunocytokine together with innate immune stimulation could generate a potent antitumor response with immunologic memory against syngeneic murine neuroblastoma. METHODS Mice bearing disialoganglioside (GD2)-expressing neuroblastoma tumors (either NXS2 or 9464D-GD2) were treated with radiation and immunotherapy (including anti-GD2 immunocytokine with or without anti-CTLA-4, CpG and anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody). Tumor growth, animal survival and immune cell infiltrate were analyzed in the tumor microenvironment in response to various treatment regimens. RESULTS NXS2 had a moderate tumor mutation burden (TMB) while N-MYC driven 9464D-GD2 had a low TMB, therefore the latter served as a better model for high-risk neuroblastoma (an immunologically cold tumor). Radiation and immunocytokine induced a potent in situ vaccination response against NXS2 tumors, but not in the 9464D-GD2 tumor model. Addition of checkpoint blockade with anti-CTLA-4 was not effective alone against 9464D-GD2 tumors; inclusion of CpG and anti-CD40 achieved a potent antitumor response with decreased T regulatory cells within the tumors and induction of immunologic memory. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that a combined innate and adaptive immunotherapeutic approach can be effective against immunologically cold syngeneic murine neuroblastoma. Further testing is needed to determine how these concepts might translate into development of more effective immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of clinically high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Voeller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, 4159 WIMR Bldg., UWCCC, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Amy K Erbe
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, 4159 WIMR Bldg., UWCCC, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Jacob Slowinski
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, 4159 WIMR Bldg., UWCCC, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Kayla Rasmussen
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, 4159 WIMR Bldg., UWCCC, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Peter M Carlson
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, 4159 WIMR Bldg., UWCCC, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Anna Hoefges
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, 4159 WIMR Bldg., UWCCC, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Sabrina VandenHeuvel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, 4159 WIMR Bldg., UWCCC, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Ashley Stuckwisch
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, 4159 WIMR Bldg., UWCCC, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Ravi B Patel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, 4159 WIMR Bldg., UWCCC, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Alvin Farrel
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - John Maris
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn A Hank
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, 4159 WIMR Bldg., UWCCC, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Zachary S Morris
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, 4159 WIMR Bldg., UWCCC, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Alexander L Rakhmilevich
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, 4159 WIMR Bldg., UWCCC, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Paul M Sondel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, 4159 WIMR Bldg., UWCCC, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, 4159 WIMR Bldg., UWCCC, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
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20
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Hutzen B, Paudel SN, Naeimi Kararoudi M, Cassady KA, Lee DA, Cripe TP. Immunotherapies for pediatric cancer: current landscape and future perspectives. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2019; 38:573-594. [PMID: 31828566 PMCID: PMC6994452 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized how we manage and treat cancer. While the majority of immunotherapy-related studies performed to date have focused on adult malignancies, a handful of these therapies have also recently found success within the pediatric space. In this review, we examine the immunotherapeutic agents that have achieved the approval of the US Food and Drug Administration for treating childhood cancers, highlighting their development, mechanisms of action, and the lessons learned from the seminal clinical trials that ultimately led to their approval. We also shine a spotlight on several emerging immunotherapeutic modalities that we believe are poised to have a positive impact on the treatment of pediatric malignancies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hutzen
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, 575 Children's Crossroad, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
| | - Siddhi Nath Paudel
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, 575 Children's Crossroad, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Meisam Naeimi Kararoudi
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, 575 Children's Crossroad, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
| | - Kevin A Cassady
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, 575 Children's Crossroad, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dean A Lee
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, 575 Children's Crossroad, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timothy P Cripe
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, 575 Children's Crossroad, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA.
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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21
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Nieddu V, Piredda R, Bexell D, Barton J, Anderson J, Sebire N, Kolluri K, Janes SM, Karteris E, Sala A. Engineered human mesenchymal stem cells for neuroblastoma therapeutics. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:35-42. [PMID: 31115546 PMCID: PMC6549104 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant neuroblastoma remains a major challenge in paediatric oncology and novel and less toxic therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to improve survival and reduce the side effects of traditional therapeutic interventions. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive candidate for cell and gene therapy since they are recruited by and able to infiltrate tumours. This feature has been exploited by creating genetically modified MSCs that are able to combat cancer by delivering therapeutic molecules. Whether neuroblastomas attract systemically delivered MSCs is still controversial. We investigated whether MSCs engineered to express tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) could: i) cause death of classic and primary neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro; ii) migrate to tumour sites in vivo; and iii) reduce neuroblastoma growth in xenotransplantation experiments. We observed that classic and primary neuroblastoma cell lines expressing death receptors could be killed by TRAIL-loaded MSCs in vitro. When injected in the peritoneum of neuroblastoma-bearing mice, TRAIL-MSCs migrated to tumour sites, but were unable to change the course of cancer development. These results indicated that MSCs have the potential to be used to deliver drugs in neuroblastoma patients, but more effective biopharmaceuticals should be used instead of TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Nieddu
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Roberta Piredda
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Daniel Bexell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jack Barton
- Institute of Child Health, Unit of Molecular Haematology and Cancer Biology, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - John Anderson
- Institute of Child Health, Unit of Molecular Haematology and Cancer Biology, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Neil Sebire
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Krishna Kolluri
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Emmanouil Karteris
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Arturo Sala
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
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22
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Butch ER, Mead PE, Amador Diaz V, Tillman H, Stewart E, Mishra JK, Kim J, Bahrami A, Dearling JLJ, Packard AB, Stoddard SV, Vāvere AL, Han Y, Shulkin BL, Snyder SE. Positron Emission Tomography Detects In Vivo Expression of Disialoganglioside GD2 in Mouse Models of Primary and Metastatic Osteosarcoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3112-3124. [PMID: 31015228 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The cell membrane glycolipid GD2 is expressed by multiple solid tumors, including 88% of osteosarcomas and 98% of neuroblastomas. However, osteosarcomas are highly heterogeneous, with many tumors exhibiting GD2 expression on <50% of the individual cells, while some tumors are essentially GD2-negative. Anti-GD2 immunotherapy is the current standard of care for high-risk neuroblastoma, but its application to recurrent osteosarcomas, for which no effective therapies exist, has been extremely limited. This is, in part, because the standard assays to measure GD2 expression in these heterogeneous tumors are not quantitative and are subject to tissue availability and sampling bias. To address these limitations, we evaluated a novel, sensitive radiotracer [64Cu]Cu-Bn-NOTA-hu14.18K322A to detect GD2 expression in osteosarcomas (six patient-derived xenografts and one cell line) in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET). Tumor uptake of the radiolabeled, humanized anti-GD2 antibody [64Cu]Cu-Bn-NOTA-hu14.18K322A was 7-fold higher in modestly GD2-expressing osteosarcomas (32% GD2-positive cells) than in a GD2-negative tumor (9.8% vs. 1.3% of the injected dose per cc, respectively). This radiotracer also identified lesions as small as 29 mm3 in a 34% GD2-positive model of metastatic osteosarcoma of the lung. Radiolabeled antibody accumulation in patient-derived xenografts correlated with GD2 expression as measured by flow cytometry (Pearson r = 0.88, P = 0.01), distinguishing moderately GD2-expressing osteosarcomas (32%-69% GD2-positive cells) from high GD2 expressors (>99%, P < 0.05). These results support the utility of GD2 imaging with PET to measure GD2 expression in osteosarcoma and thus maximize the clinical impact of anti-GD2 immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: In situ assessment of all GD2-positive osteosarcoma sites with a novel PET radiotracer could significantly impact anti-GD2 immunotherapy patient selection and enable noninvasive probing of correlations between target expression and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Butch
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Paul E Mead
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Victor Amador Diaz
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Heather Tillman
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth Stewart
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jitendra K Mishra
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jieun Kim
- Center for In Vivo Imaging and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Armita Bahrami
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jason L J Dearling
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alan B Packard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shana V Stoddard
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Amy L Vāvere
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Barry L Shulkin
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Scott E Snyder
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee. .,Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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23
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NBL) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in pediatrics, yet overall survival is poor for high-risk cases. Immunotherapy regimens using a tumor-selective antidisialoganglioside (anti-GD2) monoclonal antibody (mAb) have been studied for several decades now, but have only recently been incorporated into standard of care treatment for patients with high-risk NBL with clear benefit. Here we review a brief history of anti-GD2-based immunotherapy, current areas of neuroblastoma research targeting GD2, and potential diagnostic and therapeutic uses targeting GD2.
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24
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Cariati F, Borrillo F, Shankar V, Nunziato M, D'Argenio V, Tomaiuolo R. Dissecting Intra-Tumor Heterogeneity by the Analysis of Copy Number Variations in Single Cells: The Neuroblastoma Case Study. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040893. [PMID: 30791380 PMCID: PMC6412524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors often show intra-tumor heterogeneity because of genotypic differences between all the cells that compose it and that derive from it. Recent studies have shown significant aspects of neuroblastoma heterogeneity that may affect the diagnostic-therapeutic strategy. Therefore, we developed a laboratory protocol, based on the combination of the advanced dielectrophoresis-based array technology and next-generation sequencing to identify and sort single cells individually and carry out their copy number variants analysis. The aim was to evaluate the cellular heterogeneity, avoiding overestimation or underestimation errors, due to a bulk analysis of the sample. We tested the above-mentioned protocol on two neuroblastoma cell lines, SK-N-BE(2)-C and IMR-32. The presence of several gain or loss chromosomal regions, in both cell lines, shows a high heterogeneity of the copy number variants status of the single tumor cells, even if they belong to an immortalized cell line. This finding confirms that each cell can potentially accumulate different alterations that can modulate its behavior. The laboratory protocol proposed herein provides a tool able to identify prevalent behaviors, and at the same time highlights the presence of particular clusters that deviate from them. Finally, it could be applicable to many other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cariati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.
- KronosDNA srl, Spin-Off of Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Loggia dei Piasani 25, 80133 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesca Borrillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | - Varun Shankar
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- KronosDNA srl, Spin-Off of Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Loggia dei Piasani 25, 80133 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marcella Nunziato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | - Valeria D'Argenio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.
- KronosDNA srl, Spin-Off of Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Loggia dei Piasani 25, 80133 Naples, Italy.
| | - Rossella Tomaiuolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.
- KronosDNA srl, Spin-Off of Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Loggia dei Piasani 25, 80133 Naples, Italy.
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25
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Russo D, Capolupo L, Loomba JS, Sticco L, D'Angelo G. Glycosphingolipid metabolism in cell fate specification. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/24/jcs219204. [PMID: 30559216 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.219204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are ubiquitous components of eukaryotic plasma membranes that consist of a ceramide backbone linked to a glycan moiety. Both the ceramide and the glycan parts of GSLs display structural variations that result in a remarkable repertoire of diverse compounds. This diversity of GSLs is exploited during embryogenesis, when different GSLs are produced at specific developmental stages and along several differentiation trajectories. Importantly, plasma membrane receptors interact with GSLs to modify their activities. Consequently, two otherwise identical cells can respond differently to the same stimulus owing to their different GSL composition. The metabolic reprograming of GSLs is in fact a necessary part of developmental programs, as its impairment results in developmental failure or tissue-specific defects. Moreover, single-cell variability is emerging as a fundamental player in development: GSL composition displays cell-to-cell variability in syngeneic cell populations owing to the regulatory gene expression circuits involved in microenvironment adaptation and in differentiation. Here, we discuss how GSLs are synthesized and classified and review the role of GSLs in the establishment and maintenance of cell identity. We further highlight the existence of the regulatory circuits that modify GSL pathways and speculate how GSL heterogeneity might contribute to developmental patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Russo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Capolupo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy.,Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Lipid Cell Biology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jaipreet Singh Loomba
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy.,Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Lipid Cell Biology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Sticco
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Angelo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy .,Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Lipid Cell Biology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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26
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Understanding cellular glycan surfaces in the central nervous system. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 47:89-100. [PMID: 30559272 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation, the enzymatic process by which glycans are attached to proteins and lipids, is the most abundant and functionally important type of post-translational modification associated with brain development, neurodegenerative disorders, psychopathologies and brain cancers. Glycan structures are diverse and complex; however, they have been detected and targeted in the central nervous system (CNS) by various immunohistochemical detection methods using glycan-binding proteins such as anti-glycan antibodies or lectins and/or characterized with analytical techniques such as chromatography and mass spectrometry. The glycan structures on glycoproteins and glycolipids expressed in neural stem cells play key roles in neural development, biological processes and CNS maintenance, such as cell adhesion, signal transduction, molecular trafficking and differentiation. This brief review will highlight some of the important findings on differential glycan expression across stages of CNS cell differentiation and in pathological disorders and diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, schizophrenia and brain cancer.
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27
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Dinutuximab beta in high-risk neuroblastoma: a profile of its use. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-018-0522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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28
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Mei Z, Yan P, Wang Y, Liu S, He F. Knockdown of zinc transporter ZIP8 expression inhibits neuroblastoma progression and metastasis in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:477-485. [PMID: 29749445 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is one of the leading causes of cancer‑associated mortality worldwide, particularly in children, partially due to the absence of effective therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers. Therefore, novel molecular targets are critical to the development of therapeutic approaches for neuroblastoma. In the present study, the functions of zinc transporter ZIP8 (Zip8), a member of the zinc transporting protein family, were investigated as novel molecular targets in neuroblastoma cancer cells. The proliferation rates of neuroblastoma cancer cells were significantly decreased when Zip8 was knocked down by lentiviral‑mediated RNA interference. Study of the molecular mechanism suggested that Zip8 modulated the expression of key genes involved in the nuclear factor‑κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, Zip8 depletion suppressed the migratory potential of neuroblastoma cancer cells by reducing the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that Zip8 was an important regulator of neuroblastoma cell proliferation and migration, indicating that Zip8 may be a potential anticancer therapeutic target and a promising diagnostic biomarker for human neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Pengke Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Shaozhi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
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29
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Relation T, Yi T, Guess AJ, La Perle K, Otsuru S, Hasgur S, Dominici M, Breuer C, Horwitz EM. Intratumoral Delivery of Interferonγ-Secreting Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Repolarizes Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Suppresses Neuroblastoma Proliferation In Vivo. Stem Cells 2018; 36:915-924. [PMID: 29430789 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood, remains a therapeutic challenge. However, one promising patient treatment strategy is the delivery of anti-tumor therapeutic agents via mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy. MSCs have been safely used to treat genetic bone diseases such as osteogenesis imperfecta, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma (IFNγ) has been shown to decrease tumor proliferation by altering the tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite this, clinical trials of systemic IFNγ therapy have failed due to the high blood concentration required and associated systemic toxicities. Here, we developed an intra-adrenal model of neuroblastoma, characterized by liver and lung metastases. We then engineered MSCs to deliver IFNγ directly to the TME. In vitro, these MSCs polarized murine macrophages to the M1 phenotype. In vivo, we attained a therapeutically active TME concentration of IFNγ without increased systemic concentration or toxicity. The TME-specific IFNγ reduced tumor growth rate and increased survival in two models of T cell deficient athymic nude mice. Absence of this benefit in NOD SCID gamma (NSG) immunodeficient mouse model indicates a mechanism dependent on the innate immune system. IL-17 and IL-23p19, both uniquely M1 polarization markers, transiently increased in the tumor interstitial fluid. Finally, the MSC vehicle did not promote tumor growth. These findings reveal that MSCs can deliver effective cytokine therapy directly to the tumor while avoiding systemic toxicity. This method transiently induces inflammatory M1 macrophage polarization, which reduces tumor burden in our novel neuroblastoma murine model. Stem Cells 2018;36:915-924.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Relation
- The Ohio State University Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Tai Yi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Adam J Guess
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Krista La Perle
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Satoru Otsuru
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Suheyla Hasgur
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Christopher Breuer
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Edwin M Horwitz
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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30
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Botulinum neurotoxin type C protease induces apoptosis in differentiated human neuroblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:33220-8. [PMID: 27121208 PMCID: PMC5078088 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastomas constitute a major cause of cancer-related deaths in young children. In recent years, a number of translation-inhibiting enzymes have been evaluated for killing neuroblastoma cells. Here we investigated the potential vulnerability of human neuroblastoma cells to protease activity derived from botulinum neurotoxin type C. We show that following retinoic acid treatment, human neuroblastoma cells, SiMa and SH-SY5Y, acquire a neuronal phenotype evidenced by axonal growth and expression of neuronal markers. Botulinum neurotoxin type C which cleaves neuron-specific SNAP25 and syntaxin1 caused apoptotic death only in differentiated neuroblastoma cells. Direct comparison of translation-inhibiting enzymes and the type C botulinum protease revealed one order higher cytotoxic potency of the latter suggesting a novel neuroblastoma-targeting pathway. Our mechanistic insights revealed that loss of ubiquitous SNAP23 due to differentiation coupled to SNAP25 cleavage due to botulinum activity may underlie the apoptotic death of human neuroblastoma cells.
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31
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Le TP, Thai TH. The State of Cellular Adoptive Immunotherapy for Neuroblastoma and Other Pediatric Solid Tumors. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1640. [PMID: 29225605 PMCID: PMC5705544 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on adult cancer immunotherapy is proceeding at a rapid pace resulting in an impressive success rate exemplified by a few high profile cases. However, this momentum is not readily extended to pediatric immunotherapy, and it is not for lack of trying. Though reasons for the slower advance are not apparent, some issues can be raised. Pediatric cancer patients represent a distinct demographic group whose immune system is inherently different from that of mature adults. Treating pediatric patients with immunotherapy designed for adults may not yield objective clinical responses. Here, we will present an update on adoptive T-cell and natural killer-cell therapies for neuroblastoma and other childhood solid tumors. Additionally, we will delineate key differences between human fetal/neonatal and adult immune systems. We hope this will generate interests leading to the discussion of potential future directions for improving adoptive cancer immunotherapy for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Phuong Le
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - To-Ha Thai
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Development of novel target modules for retargeting of UniCAR T cells to GD2 positive tumor cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:108584-108603. [PMID: 29312553 PMCID: PMC5752466 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As the expression of a tumor associated antigen (TAA) is commonly not restricted to tumor cells, adoptively transferred T cells modified to express a conventional chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) might not only destroy the tumor cells but also attack target-positive healthy tissues. Furthermore, CAR T cells in patients with large tumor bulks will unpredictably proliferate and put the patients at high risk of adverse side effects including cytokine storms and tumor lysis syndrome. To overcome these problems, we previously established a modular CAR technology termed UniCAR: UniCAR T cells can repeatedly be turned on and off via dosing of a target module (TM). TMs are bispecific molecules which cross-link UniCAR T cells with target cells. After elimination of the respective TM, UniCAR T cells automatically turn off. Here we describe novel TMs against the disialoganglioside GD2 which is overexpressed in neuroectodermal but also many other tumors. In the presence of GD2-specific TMs, we see a highly efficient target-specific and -dependent activation of UniCAR T cells, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and tumor cell lysis both in vitro and experimental mice. According to PET-imaging, anti-GD2 TM enrich at the tumor site and are rapidly eliminated thus fulfilling all prerequisites of a UniCAR TM.
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Gholamin S, Mirzaei H, Razavi S, Hassanian SM, Saadatpour L, Masoudifar A, ShahidSales S, Avan A. GD2‐targeted immunotherapy and potential value of circulating microRNAs in neuroblastoma. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:866-879. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Gholamin
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCalifornia
- Department of Bioengineering at California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCalifornia
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Medical BiotechnologySchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | | | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Microanatomy Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Leila Saadatpour
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFlorida
| | - Aria Masoudifar
- Department of Molecular BiotechnologyCell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECRIsfahanIran
| | - Soodabeh ShahidSales
- Cancer Research CenterSchool of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research CenterSchool of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Molecular Medicine group, Department of Modern Sciences and TechnologiesMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Siebert N, Jensen C, Troschke-Meurer S, Zumpe M, Jüttner M, Ehlert K, Kietz S, Müller I, Lode HN. Neuroblastoma patients with high-affinity FCGR2A, -3A and stimulatory KIR 2DS2 treated by long-term infusion of anti-GD 2 antibody ch14.18/CHO show higher ADCC levels and improved event-free survival. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1235108. [PMID: 27999754 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1235108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in Fc-gamma-receptor (FCGR) genes as well as killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and KIR ligand (KIRL) repertoires may influence antitumor effects of monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Here, we systematically analyzed high- and low-affinity FCGR2A and -3A genotypes as well as stimulating and inhibitory KIR/KIRL combinations in 53 neuroblastoma (NB) patients treated by long-term infusion (LTI) of anti-GD2 IgG1 Ab ch14.18/CHO using validated real-time PCR methods. Patients with high-affinity FCGR2A and -3A genotypes showed a higher level of Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) on day 8 after the start of ch14.18/CHO and superior event-free survival (EFS) compared to patients with low FCGR genotypes. Similar observations were made for patients with stimulatory KIR/KIRL haplotype B (combination of KIR genes including activating receptor genes) compared to inhibitory haplotype A (a fixed set of genes encoding for inhibitory receptors, except 2DS4) and stronger effects were found in patients when haplotype B and high-affinity FCGRs were combined. Surprisingly, independent analysis of KIRs showed a major role of activating KIR 2DS2 for high ADCC levels and prolongation of EFS. The greatest effect was observed in 2DS2-positive patients that also had high-affinity FCGR2A and -3A genotypes. In summary, the presence of the activating KIR 2DS2 has a major effect on ADCC levels and survival in NB patients treated by LTI of ch14.18/CHO and may therefore be a useful biomarker in combination with FCGR polymorphisms for Ab-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Siebert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Jensen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sascha Troschke-Meurer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maxi Zumpe
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Madlen Jüttner
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karoline Ehlert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Silke Kietz
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ina Müller
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Holger N Lode
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
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Prapa M, Caldrer S, Spano C, Bestagno M, Golinelli G, Grisendi G, Petrachi T, Conte P, Horwitz EM, Campana D, Paolucci P, Dominici M. A novel anti-GD2/4-1BB chimeric antigen receptor triggers neuroblastoma cell killing. Oncotarget 2016; 6:24884-94. [PMID: 26298772 PMCID: PMC4694800 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T cells are a promising therapeutic option for patients with cancer. We developed a new CAR directed against the disialoganglioside GD2, a surface molecule expressed in neuroblastoma and in other neuroectoderm-derived neoplasms. The anti-GD2 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) derived from a murine antibody of IgM class was linked, via a human CD8α hinge-transmembrane domain, to the signaling domains of the costimulatory molecules 4-1BB (CD137) and CD3-ζ. The receptor was expressed in T lymphocytes by retroviral transduction and anti-tumor activities were assessed by targeting GD2-positive neuroblastoma cells using in vitro cytotoxicity assays and a xenograft model. Transduced T cells expressed high levels of anti-GD2 CAR and exerted a robust and specific anti-tumor activity in 4- and 48-hour cultures with neuroblastoma cells. Cytotoxicity was associated with the release of pro-apoptotic molecules such as TRAIL and IFN-γ. These results were confirmed in a xenograft model, where anti-GD2 CAR T cells infiltrating tumors and persisting into blood circulation induced massive apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells and completely abrogated tumor growth. This anti-GD2 CAR represents a powerful new tool to redirect T cells against GD2. The preclinical results of this study warrant clinical testing of this approach in neuroblastoma and other GD2-positive malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Prapa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, Division of Oncology, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sara Caldrer
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Carlotta Spano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, Division of Oncology, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Bestagno
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Golinelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, Division of Oncology, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, Division of Oncology, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tiziana Petrachi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, Division of Oncology, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Edwin M Horwitz
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dario Campana
- Department of Pediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paolo Paolucci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, Division of Oncology, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, Division of Oncology, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Eger C, Siebert N, Seidel D, Zumpe M, Jüttner M, Brandt S, Müller HP, Lode HN. Generation and Characterization of a Human/Mouse Chimeric GD2-Mimicking Anti-Idiotype Antibody Ganglidiximab for Active Immunotherapy against Neuroblastoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150479. [PMID: 26967324 PMCID: PMC4788445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with proteins mimicking GD2 that is highly expressed on neuroblastoma (NB) cells is a promising strategy in treatment of NB, a pediatric malignancy with poor prognosis. We previously showed efficacy of ganglidiomab in vivo, a murine anti-idiotype (anti-Id) IgG1. In order to tailor immune responses to variable regions, we generated a new human/mouse chimeric anti-Id antibody (Ab) ganglidiximab by replacing murine constant fragments with corresponding human IgG1 regions. DNA sequences encoding for variable regions of heavy (VH) and light chains (VL) were synthesized by RT-PCR from total RNA of ganglidiomab-producing hybridoma cells and further ligated into mammalian expression plasmids with coding sequences for constant regions of human IgG1 heavy and light chains, respectively. We established a stable production cell line using Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells co-transfected with two expression plasmids driving the expression of either ganglidiximab heavy or light chain. After purification from supernatants, anti-idiotypic characteristics of ganglidiximab were demonstrated. Binding of ganglidiximab to anti-GD2 Abs of the 14.18 family as well as to NK-92tr cells expressing a GD2-specific chimeric antigen receptor (scFv(ch14.18)-zeta) was shown using standard ELISA and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Ganglidiximab binding affinities to anti-GD2 Abs were further determined by surface plasmon resonance technique. Moreover, binding of anti-GD2 Abs to the nominal antigen GD2 as well as GD2-specific Ab-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC, CDC) was competitively inhibited by ganglidiximab. Finally, ganglidiximab was successfully used as a protein vaccine in vivo to induce a GD2-specific humoral immune response. In summary, we report generation and characterization of a new human/mouse chimeric anti-Id Ab ganglidiximab for active immunotherapy against NB. This Ab may be useful to tailor immune responses to the paratope regions mimicking GD2 overexpressed in NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Eger
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nikolai Siebert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Diana Seidel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maxi Zumpe
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Madlen Jüttner
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sven Brandt
- ZIK HIKE, Center for Innovation Competence: Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Müller
- ZIK HIKE, Center for Innovation Competence: Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Holger N Lode
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
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Siebert N, Eger C, Seidel D, Jüttner M, Zumpe M, Wegner D, Kietz S, Ehlert K, Veal GJ, Siegmund W, Weiss M, Loibner H, Ladenstein R, Lode HN. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ch14.18/CHO in relapsed/refractory high-risk neuroblastoma patients treated by long-term infusion in combination with IL-2. MAbs 2016; 8:604-16. [PMID: 26785755 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1130196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ch14.18 manufactured in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells is currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Short-term infusion (STI) (8-20 h/day; 4-5 days) of 100 mg/m2 ch14.18/CHO (dinutiximab β) per cycle in combination with cytokines is standard treatment of neuroblastoma (NB) patients. As pain is a limiting factor, we investigated a novel delivery method by continuous long-term infusion (LTI) of 100 mg/m2 over 10 days. 53 NB patients were treated with 5-6 cycles of 6 × 106 IU/m2 subcutaneous interleukin-2 (d 1-5, 8-12), LTI of 100 mg/m2 ch14.18/CHO (d 8-18) and 160 mg/m2 oral 13-cis-retinoic acid (d 22-35). Human anti-chimeric antibody (HACA), antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity were determined. With LTI, we observed a maximum concentration of ch14.18/CHO (Cmax) of 12.56 ± 0.68 µg/ml and a terminal half-life time (t1/2 β) of 32.7 ± 16.2 d. The clearance values for LTI and STI of 0.54 ± 0.13 and 0.41 ± 0.29 L/d m2 and area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) values of 189.6 ± 41.4 and 284.8 ± 156.8 µg×d/ml, respectively, were not significantly different. Importantly, we detected ch14.18/CHO trough concentration of ≥ 1 µg/ml at time points preceding subsequent antibody infusions after cycle 1, allowing a persistent activation of antibody effector mechanisms over the entire treatment period of 6 months. HACA responses were observed in 10/53 (19%) patients, similar to STI (21%), indicating LTI had no effect on the immunogenicity of ch14.18/CHO. In conclusion, LTI of ch14.18/CHO induced effector mechanisms over the entire treatment period, and may therefore emerge as the preferred delivery method of anti-GD2 immunotherapy to NB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Siebert
- a Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Christin Eger
- a Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Diana Seidel
- a Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Madlen Jüttner
- a Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Maxi Zumpe
- a Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Danilo Wegner
- b Department of Clinical Pharmacology of the Center of Drug Absorption and Transport , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Silke Kietz
- a Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Karoline Ehlert
- a Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Gareth J Veal
- c Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - Werner Siegmund
- b Department of Clinical Pharmacology of the Center of Drug Absorption and Transport , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Michael Weiss
- d Department of Pharmacology , Martin Luther University , Halle , Germany
| | | | | | - Holger N Lode
- a Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
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Jensen T, Vadasz S, Phoenix K, Claffey K, Parikh N, Finck C. Descriptive analysis of tumor cells with stem like phenotypes in metastatic and benign adrenal tumors. J Pediatr Surg 2015; 50:1493-501. [PMID: 25976447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB) comprises 7% of all childhood cancers. Here we report a descriptive analysis of key cellular markers that have "stem-like" properties which theoretically represents the self-renewing population of cells responsible for generating new tumor cells. Samples are obtained from freshly isolated tissue from nonmetastatic NB, metastatic NB, benign adrenal adenoma and a ganglioneuroma. In addition, in metastatic NB, descriptive analysis of the tumor cells after 3D culture as well as reanalysis of fresh tumor obtained after surgical excision posttreatment was performed. METHODS Cells were isolated from primary tissue and characterized via immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry for markers associated with stem-like properties. In two patients, reanalysis was performed in freshly isolated tissue after chemotherapy. In three patients, freshly isolated tumors were cultured in 3 dimensions for 7-10 days and changes in stem-like marker expression were characterized. RESULTS Flow analysis of metastatic NB revealed elevated levels of markers CD133, CD24, CD44, Oct4, CXCR4 and Nestin. In addition, some markers such as CD133 and CXCR4 maintained increased expression after chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The expression profile of cells with "stem-like" properties has individual variability and differs depending on the tumor type. In metastatic NB, expression of "stem-like" markers Nestin, Oct4, and CXCR4 are maintained in a higher percentage of cells and this persists even after chemotherapy. In addition, culture of freshly isolated tissue maintained the individual expression profile of stem-like markers for at least 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Jensen
- Department of Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue MC3501, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Stephanie Vadasz
- Department of Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue MC3501, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Kathryn Phoenix
- Department of Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue MC3501, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Kevin Claffey
- Department of Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue MC3501, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Nehal Parikh
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, 282 Washington Street, Hartford, CT 06106
| | - Christine Finck
- Department of Surgery, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, 282 Washington Street, Hartford, CT 06106.
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Ohkawa Y, Momota H, Kato A, Hashimoto N, Tsuda Y, Kotani N, Honke K, Suzumura A, Furukawa K, Ohmi Y, Natsume A, Wakabayashi T, Furukawa K. Ganglioside GD3 Enhances Invasiveness of Gliomas by Forming a Complex with Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptor α and Yes Kinase. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:16043-58. [PMID: 25940087 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.635755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been a few studies on the ganglioside expression in human glioma tissues. However, the role of these gangliosides such as GD3 and GD2 has not been well understood. In this study we employed a genetically engineered mouse model of glioma to clarify the functions of GD3 in gliomas. Forced expression of platelet-derived growth factor B in cultured astrocytes derived from p53-deficient mice resulted in the expression of GD3 and GD2. GD3-positive astrocytes exhibited increased cell growth and invasion activities along with elevated phosphorylation of Akt and Yes kinase. By enzyme-mediated activation of radical sources reaction and mass spectrometry, we identified PDGF receptor α (PDGFRα) as a GD3-associated molecule. GD3-positive astrocytes showed a significant amount of PDGFRα in glycolipid-enriched microdomains/rafts compared with GD3-negative cells. Src kinase family Yes was co-precipitated with PDGFRα, and its pivotal role in the increased cell invasion of GD3-positive astrocytes was demonstrated by silencing with anti-Yes siRNA. Direct association between PDGFRα and GD3 was also shown, suggesting that GD3 forms ternary complex with PDGFRα and Yes. The fact that GD3, PDGFRα, and activated Yes were colocalized in lamellipodia and the edge of tumors in cultured cells and glioma tissues, respectively, suggests that GD3 induced by platelet-derived growth factor B enhances PDGF signals in glycolipid-enriched microdomain/rafts, leading to the promotion of malignant phenotypes such as cell proliferation and invasion in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ohkawa
- From the Department of Biochemistry II, the Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-0065, Japan, the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Momota
- the Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-0065, Japan
| | - Akira Kato
- the Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-0065, Japan
| | | | | | - Norihiro Kotani
- the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Koichi Honke
- the Department of Biochemistry, Kochi University Medical School, Kohasu, Okou-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Akio Suzumura
- the Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furou-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, and
| | - Keiko Furukawa
- From the Department of Biochemistry II, the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Natsume
- the Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-0065, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Wakabayashi
- the Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-0065, Japan
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- From the Department of Biochemistry II, the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
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Seidel D, Shibina A, Siebert N, Wels WS, Reynolds CP, Huebener N, Lode HN. Disialoganglioside-specific human natural killer cells are effective against drug-resistant neuroblastoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:621-34. [PMID: 25711293 PMCID: PMC11029162 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The disialoganglioside GD2 is a well-established target antigen for passive immunotherapy in neuroblastoma (NB). Despite the recent success of passive immunotherapy with the anti-GD2 antibody ch14.18 and cytokines, treatment of high-risk NB remains challenging. We expanded the approach of GD2-specific, antibody-based immunotherapy to an application of a GD2-specific natural killer (NK) cell line, NK-92-scFv(ch14.18)-zeta. NK-92-scFv(ch14.18)-zeta is genetically engineered to express a GD2-specific chimeric antigen receptor generated from ch14.18. Here, we show that chimeric receptor expression enables NK-92-scFv(ch14.18)-zeta to effectively lyse GD2(+) NB cells also including partially or multidrug-resistant lines. Our data suggest that recognition of GD2 by the chimeric receptor is the primary mechanism involved in NK-92-scFv(ch14.18)-zeta-mediated lysis and is independent of activating NK cell receptor/ligand interactions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that NK-92-scFv(ch14.18)-zeta is able to mediate a significant anti-tumor response in vivo in a drug-resistant GD2(+) NB xenograft mouse model. NK-92-scFv(ch14.18)-zeta is an NB-specific NK cell line that has potential for future clinical development due to its high stability and activity toward GD2(+) NB cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Seidel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Cancer Center, Lubbock, TX USA
| | - Anastasia Shibina
- Rhön Clinic Frankfurt/Oder, Internal Medicine, Frankfurt/Oder, Germany
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Cancer Center, Lubbock, TX USA
| | - Nikolai Siebert
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Winfried S. Wels
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | | | - Nicole Huebener
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Cancer Center, Lubbock, TX USA
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger N. Lode
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
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Siebert N, Seidel D, Eger C, Jüttner M, Lode HN. Functional bioassays for immune monitoring of high-risk neuroblastoma patients treated with ch14.18/CHO anti-GD2 antibody. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107692. [PMID: 25226154 PMCID: PMC4167242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) remains a major challenge in pediatric oncology. Human/mouse chimeric monoclonal anti-GD2 antibody (mAb) ch14.18 is emerging as a treatment option to improve outcome. After establishing a production process in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, ch14.18/CHO was made available in Europe for clinical trials. Here, we describe validated functional bioassays for the purpose of immune monitoring of these trials and demonstrate GD2-specific immune effector functions of ch14.18/CHO in treated patients. Two calcein-based bioassays for complement-dependent- (CDC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) were set up based on patient serum and immune cells tested against NB cells. For this purpose, we identified LA-N-1 NB cells as best suited within a panel of cell lines. Assay conditions were first established using serum and cells of healthy donors. We found an effector-to-target (E:T) cell ratio of 20∶1 for PBMC preparations as best suited for GD2-specific ADCC analysis. A simplified method of effector cell preparation by lysis of erythrocytes was evaluated revealing equivalent results at an E:T ratio of 40∶1. Optimal results for CDC were found with a serum dilution at 1∶8. For validation, both within-assay and inter-assay precision were determined and coefficients of variation (CV) were below 20%. Sample quality following storage at room temperature (RT) showed that sodium-heparin-anticoagulated blood and serum are stable for 48 h and 96 h, respectively. Application of these bioassays to blood samples of three selected high-risk NB patients treated with ch14.18/CHO (100 mg/m2) revealed GD2-specific increases in CDC (4.5–9.4 fold) and ADCC (4.6–6.0 fold) on day 8 compared to baseline, indicating assay applicability for the monitoring of multicenter clinical trials requiring sample shipment at RT for central lab analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Siebert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Diana Seidel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christin Eger
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Madlen Jüttner
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Holger N. Lode
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Sagnella SM, Duong H, MacMillan A, Boyer C, Whan R, McCarroll JA, Davis TP, Kavallaris M. Dextran-Based Doxorubicin Nanocarriers with Improved Tumor Penetration. Biomacromolecules 2013; 15:262-75. [DOI: 10.1021/bm401526d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M. Sagnella
- Children’s
Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, P.O. Box 81, Randwick, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Joshua A. McCarroll
- Children’s
Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, P.O. Box 81, Randwick, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children’s
Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, P.O. Box 81, Randwick, Australia
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Wong HH, Hatcher HM, Benson C, Al-Muderis O, Horan G, Fisher C, Earl HM, Judson I. Desmoplastic small round cell tumour: characteristics and prognostic factors of 41 patients and review of the literature. Clin Sarcoma Res 2013; 3:14. [PMID: 24280007 PMCID: PMC4176496 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3329-3-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Desmoplastic small round cell tumour (DSRCT) is a rare but frequently fatal sarcoma, and many of its characteristics still require further clarification. Methods We retrospectively analysed 41 patients treated at or referred to two regional referral centres in the UK between 1991 and 2012. A review of the current literature was also performed. Results The median age of presentation was 27 years (range 16 to 45 years), with a male-to-female ratio of 3:1. Ninety percent of patients had disease in the abdomen. The median size of the presenting tumour was 13 cm (range 3.5 to 23 cm), and 80% had metastatic disease at diagnosis, mainly in the liver (33%) and lungs (21%). Time-to-progression (TTP) was 3.9, 2.3 and 1.1 months after first-, second- and third-line chemotherapy, respectively. First-line treatment with VIDE chemotherapy appeared to confer the longest TTP (median 14.6 months). Ifosfamide and doxorubicin resulted in TTP of >3.8 months when used in any-line setting. Eleven patients received targeted agents as part of a clinical trial. After a median follow-up of 14 months, the overall median survival (MS) was 16 months. There was no difference in MS with regards to age, gender, or size of the presenting tumour. Patients with extra-abdominal disease survived longer compared to those with tumours in the abdomen (all still alive vs MS of 15 months; P = 0.0246). Patients with non-metastatic intra-abdominal disease who underwent surgery had an MS of 47 months (16 months for those who did not have surgery; P = 0.0235). Radiotherapy for locoregional control in patients with metastatic intra-abdominal DSRCT was associated with longer survival (MS of 47 vs 14 months; P = 0.0147). Conclusions DSRCT is a rare but often fatal disease that mainly affects younger male patients. Those with intra-abdominal DSRCT have a poorer prognosis, although surgical resection for localised disease and radiotherapy in the metastatic setting are associated with improved survival. A patient’s age, gender and size of presenting tumour do not have prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Hsi Wong
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Lode HN, Schmidt M, Seidel D, Huebener N, Brackrock D, Bleeke M, Reker D, Brandt S, Mueller HP, Helm C, Siebert N. Vaccination with anti-idiotype antibody ganglidiomab mediates a GD(2)-specific anti-neuroblastoma immune response. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:999-1010. [PMID: 23591980 PMCID: PMC11028789 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunotherapy targeting disialoganglioside GD(2) emerges as an important treatment option for neuroblastoma, a pediatric malignancy characterized by poor outcome. Here, we report the induction of a GD(2)-specific immune response with ganglidiomab, a new anti-idiotype antibody to anti-GD(2) antibodies of the 14.18 family. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND RESULTS Ganglidiomab was generated following immunization of Balb/c mice with 14G2a, and splenocytes were harvested to generate hybridoma cells. Clones were screened by ELISA for mouse antibody binding to hu14.18. One positive clone was selected to purify and characterize the secreted IgG protein (κ, IgG(1)). This antibody bound to anti-GD(2) antibodies 14G2a, ch14.18/CHO, hu14.18, and to immunocytokines ch14.18-IL2 and hu14.18-IL2 as well as to NK-92 cells expressing scFv(ch14.18)-zeta receptor. Binding of these anti-GD(2) antibodies to the nominal antigen GD(2) as well as GD(2)-specific lysis of neuroblastoma cells by NK-92-scFv(ch14.18)-zeta cells was competitively inhibited by ganglidiomab, proving GD(2) surrogate function and anti-idiotype characteristics. The dissociation constants of ganglidiomab from anti-GD(2) antibodies ranged from 10.8 ± 5.01 to 53.5 ± 1.92 nM as determined by Biacore analyses. The sequences of framework and complementarity-determining regions of ganglidiomab were identified. Finally, we demonstrated induction of a GD(2)-specific humoral immune response after vaccination of mice with ganglidiomab effective in mediating GD(2)-specific killing of neuroblastoma cells. CONCLUSION We generated and characterized a novel anti-idiotype antibody ganglidiomab and demonstrated activity against neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger N Lode
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruchstrasse 1, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
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Ladenstein R, Weixler S, Baykan B, Bleeke M, Kunert R, Katinger D, Pribill I, Glander P, Bauer S, Pistoia V, Michon J, Garaventa A, Lode HN. Ch14.18 antibody produced in CHO cells in relapsed or refractory Stage 4 neuroblastoma patients: a SIOPEN Phase 1 study. MAbs 2013; 5:801-9. [PMID: 23924804 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.25215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the safety, pharmacokinetic and activity profiles of the human-mouse chimeric monoclonal anti-disialoganglioside GD2 antibody ch14.18 produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (ch14.18/CHO). METHODS Sixteen children with recurrent/refractory neuroblastoma (median age 7.6 y) were enrolled in this Phase 1 dose-finding study. Patients received ch14.18/CHO courses of 10, 20 or 30 mg/m (2)/day as an eight-hour infusion over five consecutive days. Three courses at the same dose level were allowed unless disease progressed. Clearance and biodistribution of radiolabelled ch14.18/CHO in Balb/c and A/J mice were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 41 ch14.18/CHO courses were given (10 × 3 courses, 5 × 2 courses, 1 × 1 course). Side effects were similar in expectedness, frequency and magnitude to those reported for ch14.18/SP2/0. The dose level of 20 mg/m(2)/day was confirmed. Toxicity was reversible and no treatment-related deaths occurred. In children, the peak plasma concentration was 16.51 µg/ml ± 5.9 µg/ml and the half-life was 76.91 h ± 52.5 h. A partial response following ch14.18/CHO was observed in 2/7 patients with residual disease. In mice, the half-lives were 22.7 h ± 1.9h for ch14.18/CHO and 25.0 h ± 1.9 h for ch14.18/SP2/0. The biodistribution of (125)I-ch14.18/CHO in mice with neuroblastoma was identical to (125)I-ch14.18/SP2/0, indicating GD 2 targeting activity in vivo. Ch14.18 produced in CHO cells showed an unchanged toxicity profile and pharmacokinetics in neuroblastoma patients compared with ch14.18 produced in SP2/0 cells, and evidence of clinical activity was observed. In mice, analysis of pharmacokinetics and biodistribution showed comparable results between ch14.18/CHO and ch14.18/SP2/0. Based on these results, ch14.18/CHO was accepted for prospective clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Ladenstein
- Children's Cancer Research Institute and St. Anna Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine; Medical University; Vienna, Austria
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Zage PE, Louis CU, Cohn SL. New aspects of neuroblastoma treatment: ASPHO 2011 symposium review. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58:1099-105. [PMID: 22378620 PMCID: PMC4104176 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, and the outcomes for children with high-risk and relapsed disease remain poor. However, new international strategies for risk stratification and for treatment based on novel tumor targets and including immunotherapy are being employed in attempts to improve the outcomes of children with neuroblastoma. A new international neuroblastoma risk classification system has been developed which is being incorporated into cooperative group clinical trials in North America, Japan, and Europe, resulting in standardized approaches for the initial evaluation and treatment stratification of neuroblastoma patients. Furthermore, novel treatment regimens are being developed based on improved understanding of neuroblastoma biology and on the recruitment of the immune system to specifically target neuroblastoma tumors. These approaches will lead to new therapeutic strategies that likely will improve the outcomes for children with neuroblastoma worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E. Zage
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,Correspondence to: Peter E. Zage, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates, Suite 1220, Houston, TX 77030.
| | - Chrystal U. Louis
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan L. Cohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children’s Hospital and University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Koehn TA, Trimble LL, Alderson KL, Erbe AK, McDowell KA, Grzywacz B, Hank JA, Sondel PM. Increasing the clinical efficacy of NK and antibody-mediated cancer immunotherapy: potential predictors of successful clinical outcome based on observations in high-risk neuroblastoma. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:91. [PMID: 22623917 PMCID: PMC3353262 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease recurrence is frequent in high-risk neuroblastoma (NBL) patients even after multi-modality aggressive treatment [a combination of chemotherapy, surgical resection, local radiation therapy, autologous stem cell transplantation, and cis-retinoic acid (CRA)]. Recent clinical studies have explored the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind to disialoganglioside (GD2), highly expressed in NBL, as a means to enable immune effector cells to destroy NBL cells via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Preclinical data indicate that ADCC can be more effective when appropriate effector cells are activated by cytokines. Clinical studies have pursued this by administering anti-GD2 mAb in combination with ADCC-enhancing cytokines (IL2 and GM-CSF), a regimen that has demonstrated improved cancer-free survival. More recently, early clinical studies have used a fusion protein that consists of the anti-GD2 mAb directly linked to IL2, and anti-tumor responses were seen in the Phase II setting. Analyses of genes that code for receptors that influence ADCC activity and natural killer (NK) cell function [Fc receptor (FcR), killer immunoglublin-like receptor (KIR), and KIR-ligand (KIR-L)] suggest patients with anti-tumor activity are more likely to have certain genotype profiles. Further analyses will need to be conducted to determine whether these genotypes can be used as predictive markers for favorable therapeutic outcome. In this review, we discuss factors that affect response to mAb-based tumor therapies such as hu14.18-IL2. Many of our observations have been made in the context of NBL; however, we will also include some observations made with mAbs targeting other tumor types that are consistent with results in NBL. Therefore, we hypothesize that the NBL observations discussed here may also be relevant to mAb therapy for other cancers, in which ADCC is known to play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony A Koehn
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Madison Madison, WI, USA
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Durrant LG, Noble P, Spendlove I. Immunology in the clinic review series; focus on cancer: glycolipids as targets for tumour immunotherapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 167:206-15. [PMID: 22235996 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into aberrant glycosylation and over-expression of glycolipids on the surface of the majority of cancers, coupled with a knowledge of glycolipids as functional molecules involved in a number of cellular physiological pathways, has provided a novel area of targets for cancer immunotherapy. This has resulted in the development of a number of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies that are showing promising results in recent clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Durrant
- Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, Molecular Medical Sciences, City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Soman G, Yang X, Jiang H, Giardina S, Mitra G. Comparison of GD2 binding capture ELISA assays for anti-GD2-antibodies using GD2-coated plates and a GD2-expressing cell-based ELISA. J Immunol Methods 2011; 373:181-91. [PMID: 21893062 PMCID: PMC3196293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2011.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two assay methods for quantification of the disialoganglioside (GD2)-specific binding activities of anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies and antibody immunofusion proteins, such as ch14.18 and hu14.18-IL2, were developed. The methods differed in the use of either microtiter plates coated with purified GD2 or plates seeded with GD2-expressing cell lines to bind the anti-GD2 molecules. The bound antibodies were subsequently detected using the reactivity of the antibodies to an HRP-labeled anti-IgG Fc or antibodies recognizing the conjugate IL-2 part of the Hu 14.18IL-2 fusion protein. The bound HRP was detected using reagents such as orthophenylene diamine, 2, 2'-azinobis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] or tetramethylbenzidine. The capture ELISA using GD2-coated plates was developed earlier in assay development and used to demonstrate assay specificity and to compare lot-to-lot consistency and stability of ch14.18, and Hu14.18 IL-2 in clinical development. During this study, we found a number of issues related to plate-to-plate variability, GD2 lot variability, and variations due to GD2 storage stability, etc., that frequently lead to assay failure in plates coated with purified GD2. The cell-based ELISA (CbELISA) using the GD2 expressing melanoma cell line, M21/P6, was developed as an alternative to the GD2-coated plate ELISA. The results on the comparability of the capture ELISA on GD2-coated plates and the cell-based assay show that both assays give comparable results. However, the cell-based assay is more consistent and reproducible. Subsequently, the anti-GD2 capture ELISA using the GD2-coated plate was replaced with the CbELISA for product lot release testing and stability assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalan Soman
- Biopharmaceutical Development Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., National Cancer Institute, MD 21702, USA.
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Clinical cancer therapy by NK cells via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:379123. [PMID: 21660134 PMCID: PMC3110303 DOI: 10.1155/2011/379123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are powerful effector cells that can be directed to eliminate tumor cells through tumor-targeted monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Some tumor-targeted mAbs have been successfully applied in the clinic and are included in the standard of care for certain malignancies. Strategies to augment the antitumor response by NK cells have led to an increased understanding of how to improve their effector responses. Next-generation reagents, such as molecularly modified mAbs and mAb-cytokine fusion proteins (immunocytokines, ICs) designed to augment NK-mediated killing, are showing promise in preclinical and some clinical settings. Continued research into the antitumor effects induced by NK cells and tumor-targeted mAbs suggests that additional intrinsic and extrinsic factors may influence the antitumor response. Therefore more research is needed that focuses on evaluating which NK cell and tumor criteria are best predictive of a clinical response and which combination immunotherapy regimens to pursue for distinct clinical settings.
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