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Chen W, Zheng H, Liao Q, Zeng S, Bai R, Shi J, Jiang Y, Wang T, Jia H, Liang W, Du W, Chen H. Zhuang-Gu-Fang promotes osteoblast differentiation via myoblasts and myoblast-derived exosomal miRNAs:miR-5100, miR-126a-3p, miR-450b-5p, and miR-669a-5p. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155718. [PMID: 38795694 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senile osteoporosis (SOP) is an age-related systemic metabolic bone disorder. Previous studies have proved that Zhuang-Gu-Fang (ZGF) modulates myokines, stimulates osteogenic differentiation, and mitigates osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the mechanism by which ZGF promotes osteogenic differentiation via myoblast and myoblast exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) and investigate its potential implications in senile osteoporosis. METHODS Characterization of ZGF and ZGF serum using UHPLC-MS/MS. An alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and staining techniques were employed to corroborate the impacts of ZGF on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) via myoblasts. Subsequently, exosomes derived from myoblasts were isolated through ultracentrifugation. The effects of ZGF on the BMSCs' osteogenic differentiation were substantiated through ALP activity, alizarin red staining, and a quantitative real-time polymerase reaction system (qRT-PCR). Selected miRNAs were identified via high-throughput sequencing and subjected to differential expression analysis, and subsequently validated through qRT-PCR. The senescence-accelerated (SAMP6) mice were selected as the SOP models. qRT-PCR analyses were further conducted to confirm the expression levels of these selected miRNAs in the muscle and bone tissues of the SAMP6 mice, and the protein expression of osteogenesis-related transcription factors OCN and Osterix in its bone tissue was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining analysis (IF). RESULTS ZGF may enhance the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through myoblasts and myoblast-derived exosomes. High-throughput sequencing, differential expression analysis, and subsequent qRT-PCR validation identified four miRNAs that stood out due to their significant differential expression: miR-5100, miR-142a-3p, miR-126a-3p, miR-450b-5p and miR-669a-5p. Moreover, the mice experiment corroborated these findings, which revealed that ZGF not only up-regulated the expression of miR-5100, miR-450b-5p and miR-126a-3p in muscle and bone tissues but also concurrently down-regulated the expression of miR-669a-5p in these tissues. IF staining analysis indicated that ZGF can significantly increase the protein expression of the osteogenic transcription factors OCN and Osterix in the bone tissue of mice with SOP. CONCLUSIONS ZGF can promote osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts, regulate bone metabolism, and thereby delay the process of SOP. Perhaps, its mechanism is to upregulate myoblast-derived exosomes miR-5100, miR-126a-3p, and miR-450b-5p or downregulate miR-669a-5p. This study reports for the first time that myoblast exosomes miR-669a-5p and miR-450b-5p are novel targets for the regulation of osteoblastic differentiation and the treatment of SOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Chen
- School of Graduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning 530023, China.
| | - Hongxiang Zheng
- School of Graduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Qiulan Liao
- School of Graduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Shiqi Zeng
- School of Graduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Rui Bai
- School of Graduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China; Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530222, China
| | - Jun Shi
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Yunxia Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Graduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Hongyang Jia
- School of Graduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Wei Liang
- School of Graduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Wei Du
- School of Graduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Haiqing Chen
- School of Graduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
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Wright I, Minshall G, Young N, Riggs C. Fractures in Thoroughbred racing and the potential for pre-race identification of horses at risk. Equine Vet J 2024; 56:424-436. [PMID: 38200406 DOI: 10.1111/evj.14046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Risk rates for and predisposing factors to fractures occurring in Thoroughbred racing that have been published in peer reviewed journals are documented. The potential for currently available techniques to identify horses at increased risk for fracture is discussed on the bases of principles, practicalities, advantages, disadvantages and current data. All are reviewed in light of justifiable decision making and importance of fractures to horseracing's social license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Wright
- Newmarket Equine Referrals, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
| | | | | | - Christopher Riggs
- Equine Welfare Research Foundation, The Hong Kong Jockey Club, Sha Tin Racecourse, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Jung J, Wu Q. Identification of bone mineral density associated genes with shared genetic architectures across multiple tissues: Functional insights for EPDR1, PKDCC, and SPTBN1. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300535. [PMID: 38683846 PMCID: PMC11057974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest a shared genetic architecture between muscle and bone, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. This study aims to identify the functionally annotated genes with shared genetic architecture between muscle and bone using the most up-to-date genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture-related genetic variants. We employed an advanced statistical functional mapping method to investigate shared genetic architecture between muscle and bone, focusing on genes highly expressed in muscle tissue. Our analysis identified three genes, EPDR1, PKDCC, and SPTBN1, which are highly expressed in muscle tissue and previously unlinked to bone metabolism. About 90% and 85% of filtered Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms were in the intronic and intergenic regions for the threshold at P≤5×10-8 and P≤5×10-100, respectively. EPDR1 was highly expressed in multiple tissues, including muscles, adrenal glands, blood vessels, and the thyroid. SPTBN1 was highly expressed in all 30 tissue types except blood, while PKDCC was highly expressed in all 30 tissue types except the brain, pancreas, and skin. Our study provides a framework for using GWAS findings to highlight functional evidence of crosstalk between multiple tissues based on shared genetic architecture between muscle and bone. Further research should focus on functional validation, multi-omics data integration, gene-environment interactions, and clinical relevance in musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongyun Jung
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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4
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Jung J, Wu Q. Revealing the Organ-Specific Expression of SPTBN1 using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.01.543198. [PMID: 37333135 PMCID: PMC10274633 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.01.543198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent technological advances in single-cell RNA sequencing, it is still unknown how three marker genes (SPTBN1, EPDR1, and PKDCC), which are associated with bone fractures and highly expressed in the muscle tissue, are contributing to the development of other tissues and organs at the cellular level. This study aims to analyze three marker genes at the single-cell level using 15 organ tissue types of adult human cell atlas (AHCA). The single-cell RNA sequencing analysis used three marker genes and a publicly available AHCA data set. AHCA data set contains more than 84,000 cells from 15 organ tissue types. Quality control filtering, dimensionality reduction, clustering for cells, and data visualization were performed using the Seurat package. A total of 15 organ types are included in the downloaded data sets: Bladder, Blood, Common Bile Duct, Esophagus, Heart, Liver, Lymph Node, Marrow, Muscle, Rectum, Skin, Small Intestine, Spleen, Stomach, and Trachea. In total, 84,363 cells and 228,508 genes were included in the integrated analysis. A marker gene of SPTBN1 is highly expressed across all 15 organ types, particularly in the Fibroblasts, Smooth muscle cells, and Tissue stem cells of the Bladder, Esophagus, Heart, Muscle, Rectum, Skin, and Trachea. In contrast, EPDR1 is highly expressed in the Muscle, Heart, and Trachea, and PKDCC is only expressed in Heart. In conclusion, SPTBN1 is an essential protein gene in physiological development and plays a critical role in the high expression of fibroblasts in multiple organ types. Targeting SPTBN1 may prove beneficial for fracture healing and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongyun Jung
- The Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
| | - Qing Wu
- The Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
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5
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Jung J, Wu Q. Shared Genetic Architecture between Muscle and Bone: Identification and Functional Implications of EPDR1, PKDCC, and SPTBN1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.14.540743. [PMID: 37292779 PMCID: PMC10245569 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.14.540743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest a shared genetic architecture between muscle and bone, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. This study aims to identify the functionally annotated genes with shared genetic architecture between muscle and bone using the most up-to-date genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture-related genetic variants. We employed an advanced statistical functional mapping method to investigate shared genetic architecture between muscle and bone, focusing on genes highly expressed in muscle tissue. Our analysis identified three genes, EPDR1, PKDCC, and SPTBN1, highly expressed in muscle tissue and previously unlinked to bone metabolism. About 90% and 85% of filtered Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms were located in the intronic and intergenic regions for the threshold at P ≤ 5 × 10 - 8 and P ≤ 5 × 10 - 100 , respectively. EPDR1 was highly expressed in multiple tissues, including muscle, adrenal gland, blood vessels, and thyroid. SPTBN1 was highly expressed in all 30 tissue types except blood, while PKDCC was highly expressed in all 30 tissue types except the brain, pancreas, and skin. Our study provides a framework for using GWAS findings to highlight functional evidence of crosstalk between multiple tissues based on shared genetic architecture between muscle and bone. Further research should focus on functional validation, multi-omics data integration, gene-environment interactions, and clinical relevance in musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongyun Jung
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Ohio, USA
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Ohio, USA
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6
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Sadowsky CL. Targeting Sarcopenia as an Objective Clinical Outcome in the Care of Children with Spinal Cord-Related Paralysis: A Clinician's View. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:837. [PMID: 37238385 PMCID: PMC10217275 DOI: 10.3390/children10050837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Muscle loss is consistently associated with immobility and paralysis and triggers significant metabolic and functional changes. The negative effects of sarcopenia are amplified in children who are in the process of building their muscle mass as part of development. Because muscle mass loss is consistently associated with increased morbidity and mortality throughout life, optimizing the size and health of muscles following a neurologic injury is an objective target for therapeutic interventions. This review hypothesizes that muscle mass correlates with functional outcomes in children with paralysis related to spinal cord-related neurologic deficits. We propose that the measurement of muscle mass in this population can be used as an objective outcome for clinical long-term care. Finally, some practical clinical approaches to improving muscle mass are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina L. Sadowsky
- International Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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7
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Gómez AE, Addish S, Alvarado K, Boatemaa P, Onyali AC, Ramirez EG, Rojas MF, Rai J, Reynolds KA, Tang WJ, Kwon RY. Multiple Mechanisms Explain Genetic Effects at the CPED1-WNT16 Bone Mineral Density Locus. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:173-183. [PMID: 36943599 PMCID: PMC10202127 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chromosome region 7q31.31, also known as the CPED1-WNT16 locus, is robustly associated with BMD and fracture risk. The aim of the review is to highlight experimental studies examining the function of genes at the CPED1-WNT16 locus. RECENT FINDINGS Genes that reside at the CPED1-WNT16 locus include WNT16, FAM3C, ING3, CPED1, and TSPAN12. Experimental studies in mice strongly support the notion that Wnt16 is necessary for bone mass and strength. In addition, roles for Fam3c and Ing3 in regulating bone morphology in vivo and/or osteoblast differentiation in vitro have been identified. Finally, a role for wnt16 in dually influencing bone and muscle morphogenesis in zebrafish has recently been discovered, which has brought forth new questions related to whether the influence of WNT16 in muscle may conspire with its influence in bone to alter BMD and fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Ericka Gómez
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sumaya Addish
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kurtis Alvarado
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Priscilla Boatemaa
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne C Onyali
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily G Ramirez
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria F Rojas
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jyoti Rai
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kiana A Reynolds
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W Joyce Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ronald Young Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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8
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Watson CJ, Tang WJ, Rojas MF, Fiedler IAK, Morfin Montes de Oca E, Cronrath AR, Callies LK, Swearer AA, Ahmed AR, Sethuraman V, Addish S, Farr GH, Gómez AE, Rai J, Monstad-Rios AT, Gardiner EM, Karasik D, Maves L, Busse B, Hsu YH, Kwon RY. wnt16 regulates spine and muscle morphogenesis through parallel signals from notochord and dermomyotome. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010496. [PMID: 36346812 PMCID: PMC9674140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone and muscle are coupled through developmental, mechanical, paracrine, and autocrine signals. Genetic variants at the CPED1-WNT16 locus are dually associated with bone- and muscle-related traits. While Wnt16 is necessary for bone mass and strength, this fails to explain pleiotropy at this locus. Here, we show wnt16 is required for spine and muscle morphogenesis in zebrafish. In embryos, wnt16 is expressed in dermomyotome and developing notochord, and contributes to larval myotome morphology and notochord elongation. Later, wnt16 is expressed at the ventral midline of the notochord sheath, and contributes to spine mineralization and osteoblast recruitment. Morphological changes in wnt16 mutant larvae are mirrored in adults, indicating that wnt16 impacts bone and muscle morphology throughout the lifespan. Finally, we show that wnt16 is a gene of major effect on lean mass at the CPED1-WNT16 locus. Our findings indicate that Wnt16 is secreted in structures adjacent to developing bone (notochord) and muscle (dermomyotome) where it affects the morphogenesis of each tissue, thereby rendering wnt16 expression into dual effects on bone and muscle morphology. This work expands our understanding of wnt16 in musculoskeletal development and supports the potential for variants to act through WNT16 to influence bone and muscle via parallel morphogenetic processes. In humans, genetic variants (DNA sequences that vary amongst individuals) have been identified that appear to influence two tissues, bone and skeletal muscle. However, how single genes and genetic variants exert dual influence on both tissues is not well understood. In this study, we found that the wnt16 gene is necessary for specifying the size and shape of both muscle and bone during development in zebrafish. We also disentangled how wnt16 affects both tissues: distinct cellular populations adjacent to muscle and bone secrete Wnt16, where it acts as a signal guiding the size and shape of each tissue. This is important because in humans, genetic variants near the WNT16 gene have effects on both bone- and muscle-related traits. This study expands our understanding of the role of WNT16 in bone and muscle development, and helps to explain how genetic variants near WNT16 affect traits for both tissues. Moreover, WNT16 is actively being explored as a target for osteoporosis therapies, thus our study could have implications with regard to the potential of targeting WNT16 to treat bone and muscle simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J. Watson
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - W. Joyce Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Maria F. Rojas
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Imke A. K. Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ernesto Morfin Montes de Oca
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Andrea R. Cronrath
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Lulu K. Callies
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Avery Angell Swearer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Ali R. Ahmed
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Visali Sethuraman
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Sumaya Addish
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Gist H. Farr
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Arianna Ericka Gómez
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Jyoti Rai
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Adrian T. Monstad-Rios
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Edith M. Gardiner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - David Karasik
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lisa Maves
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bjorn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ronald Young Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Taniguchi Y, Makizako H, Nakai Y, Kiuchi Y, Akaida S, Tateishi M, Takenaka T, Kubozono T, Ohishi M. Associations of the Alpha-Actinin Three Genotype with Bone and Muscle Mass Loss among Middle-Aged and Older Adults. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206172. [PMID: 36294493 PMCID: PMC9605580 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone and muscle mass loss are known to occur simultaneously. The alpha-actinin three (ACTN3) genotype has been shown to potentially affect bone and muscle mass. In this study, we investigated the association between the ACTN3 genotype and bone and muscle mass loss in community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 60 years. This study was a cross-sectional analysis of data from 295 participants who participated in a community health checkup. The ACTN3 genotypes were classified as RR, RX, or XX types. Bone mass loss was defined as a calcaneal speed of sound T-score of <−1.32 and <−1.37, and muscle mass loss was defined as an appendicular skeletal muscle index of <7.0 kg/m2 and <5.7 kg/m2 in men and women, respectively. The percentages of XX, RX, and RR in the combined bone and muscle mass loss group were 33.8%, 30.8%, and 16.7%, respectively, with a significantly higher trend for XX. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that XX had an odds ratio of 3.00 (95% confidence interval 1.05−8.54) of being in the combined bone and muscle mass loss group compared to the RR group (covariates: age, sex, grip strength, and medications). The ACTN3 genotype of XX is associated with a higher rate of comorbid bone and muscle mass loss. Therefore, ACTN3 genotyping should be considered for preventing combined bone and muscle mass loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kagoshima Medical Professional College, Kagoshima 891-0133, Japan
| | - Hyuma Makizako
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-99-275-5111
| | - Yuki Nakai
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Daiichi Institute of Technology, Kagoshima 899-4395, Japan
| | - Yuto Kiuchi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Section for Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Shoma Akaida
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Mana Tateishi
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Takenaka
- Tarumizu Municipal Medical Center Tarumizu Chuo Hospital, Kagoshima 891-2124, Japan
| | - Takuro Kubozono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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Dean RS, DePhillipo NN, Kiely MT, Schwery NA, Monson JK, LaPrade RF. Femur Length is Correlated with Isometric Quadriceps Strength in Post-Operative Patients. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2022; 17:628-635. [PMID: 35693850 PMCID: PMC9159727 DOI: 10.26603/001c.35704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few existing studies have examined the relationship between lower extremity bone length and quadriceps strength. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS To evaluate the relationship between lower extremity, tibia and femur lengths, and isometric quadriceps strength in patients undergoing knee surgery. The null hypothesis was that there would be no correlation between lower extremity length and isometric quadriceps strength. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Patients with full-length weightbearing radiographs that underwent isometric quadriceps strength testing after knee surgery were included. Using full-length weightbearing radiographs, limb length was measured from the ASIS to the medial malleolus; femur length was measured from the center of the femoral head to the joint line; tibia length was measured from the center of the plateau to the center of the plafond. Isometric quadriceps strength was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to report the correlation between radiographic limb length measurements. A Bonferroni correction was utilized to reduce the probability of a Type 1 error. RESULTS Forty patients (26 males, 14 females) with an average age of 25.8 years were included. The average limb, femur, and tibia lengths were not significantly different between operative and non-operative limbs (p>0.05). At an average of 5.8±2.5 months postoperatively, the peak torque (156.6 vs. 225.1 Nm), average peak torque (151.6 vs. 216.7 Nm), and peak torque to bodyweight (2.01 vs 2.89 Nm/Kg) were significantly greater in the non-surgical limb (p<0.01). Among ligament reconstructions there was a significant negative correlation between both limb length and strength deficit (r= -0.47, p=0.03) and femur length and strength deficit (r= -0.51, p=0.02). The average strength deficit was 29.6% among the entire study population; the average strength deficit was 37.7% among knee ligament reconstructions. For the non-surgical limb, femur length was significantly correlated with peak torque (r = 0.43, p = 0.048). CONCLUSION Femur length was significantly correlated with the isometric quadriceps peak torque for non-surgical limbs. Additionally, femur length and limb length were found to be negatively correlated with quadriceps strength deficit among ligament reconstruction patients. A combination of morphological features and objective performance metrics should be considered when developing individualized rehabilitation and strength programs.
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Burm SW, Hong N, Lee S, Kim GJ, Hwang SH, Jeong J, Rhee Y. Preoperative Thoracic Muscle Mass Predicts Bone Density Change After Parathyroidectomy in Primary Hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e2474-e2480. [PMID: 35148405 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Predicting bone mineral density (BMD) gain after parathyroidectomy may influence individualized therapeutic approaches for treating patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess whether skeletal muscle mass data could predict BMD change after parathyroidectomy in patients with PHPT. METHODS This retrospective study collected data from 2012 to 2021 at Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea. A total of 130 patients (mean age, 64.7 years; 81.5% women) with PHPT who underwent parathyroidectomy were analyzed. Thoracic muscle volume (T6-T7 level) was estimated using noncontrast parathyroid single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) scans and an automated deep-learning-based software. The primary outcome assessed was the change in femoral neck BMD (FNBMD, %) 1 year after parathyroidectomy. RESULTS The median degree of FNBMD change after parathyroidectomy was + 2.7% (interquartile range: -0.9 to + 7.6%). Elevated preoperative PTH level was associated with lower thoracic muscle mass (adjusted β: -8.51 cm3 per one log-unit PTH increment, P = .045) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and baseline FNBMD. One SD decrement in thoracic muscle mass was associated with lesser FNBMD (adjusted β: -2.35%, P = .034) gain and lumbar spine BMD gain (adjusted β: -2.51%, P = .044) post surgery after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSION Lower thoracic skeletal muscle mass was associated with elevated preoperative PTH levels in patients with PHPT. Lower skeletal muscle mass was associated with lesser BMD gain after parathyroidectomy, independent of age, sex, BMI, preoperative BMD, and PTH level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Won Burm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Namki Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Gi Jeong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Hwang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jongju Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yumie Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Li X, Xie Y, Lu R, Zhang Y, Tao H, Chen S. Relationship between oseteoporosis with fatty infiltration of paraspinal muscles based on QCT examination. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:518-527. [PMID: 35239028 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-022-01311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate the correlation between paraspinal muscles features and osteoporosis in lumbar spine. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 367 subjects who underwent quantitative computed tomography (QCT) examination were enrolled in this study. QCT pro workstation was used to obtain the mean bone mineral density (BMD) of the lower lumbar spine. Fat fraction (FF) and cross-section area (CSA) of the paraspinal muscles at the corresponding levels were measured. All participants were divided into normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups. One-way ANOVA and independent samples t tests were performed to compare differences between groups. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients and partial correlation analysis after controlling for confounding factors were used to analyze the correlation between BMD and paraspinal muscles measurements. RESULTS Among the 367 participants included, 116 were in the normal group, 130 in the osteopenia group and 121 in the osteoporosis group. There were significant differences among the three groups for the mean and multifidus FF. BMD showed negative correlations with the FF of the paraspinal muscles. Multifidus and mean FF showed the best correlation (r = - 0.654, - 0.777). There were also significant differences in the mean and multifidus FF between different age groups, while after controlling for confounding factors, there was no correlation between age and FF of the paraspinal muscles. CONCLUSION This preliminary study demonstrated the association of BMD with fatty infiltration of paraspinal muscles. Different muscles might have specific effects in different sex and age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwen Li
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Medical Functional and Molecular Imaging, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqizhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuxue Xie
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Medical Functional and Molecular Imaging, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqizhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Medical Functional and Molecular Imaging, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqizhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Medical Functional and Molecular Imaging, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqizhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hongyue Tao
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Medical Functional and Molecular Imaging, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqizhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Medical Functional and Molecular Imaging, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqizhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Interactive effect of sarcopenia and falls on vertebral osteoporotic fracture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Osteoporos 2021; 16:145. [PMID: 34601644 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-021-01017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) had higher incidences of sarcopenia, falls, osteoporosis, and vertebral osteoporotic fractures (VOPF). Sarcopenia was associated with longer disease duration, higher disease activity, and more severe RA. The interactive effect of sarcopenia and falls was associated with a higher risk of VOPF in patients with RA. PURPOSE Whether sarcopenia and falls are a risk factor for vertebral fracture in RA patients has not been demonstrated. This study aimed to explore the incidence of vertebral osteoporotic fracture (VOPF) and its relationship with sarcopenia and falls in RA patients. METHODS A total of 474 RA patients and 156 controls were enrolled in this study. Anteroposterior and lateral X-ray examinations of the vertebral column (T4-L4) were used for the semiquantitative assessment of VOPF. Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Skeletal muscle mass was measured by direct segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (DSM-BIA method). RESULTS RA patients had an increased risk of sarcopenia (62.4% vs 9.0%, x2 = 47.478, P < 0.001), falls (30.2% vs 3.2%), osteoporosis (OP) (33.5% vs 12.8%, x2 = 134.276, P < 0.001), and VOPF (20.3% vs 3.8%, x2 = 47.478, P < 0.001) than controls. Patients with sarcopenia were more likely to have VOPF than RA without sarcopenia (24.0% vs 14.0%, x2 = 6.802, P = 0.009). RA with sarcopenia and prior falls had the highest incidences of VOPF (36.7%). Older age (OR = 1.056, P < 0.001, 95% CI 1.030-1.083), falls (OR = 2.043, P = 0.003, 95% CI 1.238-3.371), OP (OR = 1.819, P = 0.034, 95% CI 1.046-3.163), and usage of glucocorticoids (GCs) (OR = 1.862, P = 0.022, 95% CI 1.093-3.172) were risk factors for VOPF in RA patients, while a higher skeletal muscle index (SMI) was a protective factor (OR = 0.754, P = 0.038, 95% CI 0.578-0.984) for VOPF in RA patients. CONCLUSIONS The interactive effect of sarcopenia and falls is associated with a higher risk of VOPF in patients with RA.
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Ma J, Ye M, Li Y, Chai S, Huang H, Lian X, Huang H. Zhuanggu Zhitong Capsule alleviates osteosarcopenia in rats by up-regulating PI3K/Akt/Bcl2 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111939. [PMID: 34311171 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Osteosarcopenia (OS), characterized by the coexistence of osteoporosis (OP) and sarcopenia (SP), is associated with high morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Nevertheless, its pathogenesis and treatment remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of Zhuanggu Zhitong Capsule (ZGZT) in OS rats. METHODS All the related targets of OS, corresponding targets for bioactive ingredients of ZGZT, intersection targets of ZGZT against OS, and signaling pathways were predicted and analyzed by network pharmacology. Next, a rat OS model was established by ovariectomy (OVX) and injection of dexamethasone (DXM). Rats were then randomly divided into a Control group, a Sham operation group, an OS model group, an OS+ZGZT group, and an OS+E2 group. The drug was given for 12 weeks. During treatment, body weight, forelimb grip and body composition were measured. In addition, bone mineral density (BMD) and micro CT were used to assess the left femur. After treatment, the left femur, left gastrocnemius, and left soleus, as well as uterus, liver, and kidney, were separated and analyzed using Histomorphology, Western blot, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS ZGZT could effectively improve the phenotypes of OS by increasing forelimb grip strength, percentage lean mass of the whole body (SMI) or appendicular lean (RSMI), BMD, levels of bone formation markers, improving the microstructure of femur, and decreasing apoptotic rate in femur and gastrocnemius in OS rats by up-regulating PI3K/Akt/Bcl2 signal pathway. CONCLUSIONS ZGZT may be a new treatment option for the prevention and treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Ma
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province (Henan provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou 450046, China; Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Chinese Medicine of Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Maolin Ye
- Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province (Henan provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ying Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510375, China
| | - Shuang Chai
- Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province (Henan provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hong Huang
- College of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaohang Lian
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Chinese Medicine of Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Hongxing Huang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510375, China.
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Paolino S, Gotelli E, Goegan F, Casabella A, Ferrari G, Patane M, Albertelli M, Gatto F, Pizzorni C, Cattelan F, Sulli A, Smith V, Cutolo M. Body composition and bone status in relation to microvascular damage in systemic sclerosis patients. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:255-264. [PMID: 32449094 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate, in Systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, the body composition and the bone status according to the peripheral microcirculatory condition, assessed and scored by nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC, "Early", "Active", "Late" patterns). METHODS Body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed by Dual X-ray absorptiometry and dedicated software (GE Lunar USA) in 37 female SSc patients classified according to the 2013 EULAR/ACR criteria and 40 sex-matched healthy subjects. Clinical, laboratory, body composition and bone parameters were analyzed according to the different NVC patterns. Means were compared by the Student's t test or one-way analysis of variance; medians were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis test; and frequencies by the chi-square test. RESULTS Higher prevalence of vertebral (21% vs 7%) and femoral (35% vs 7%) osteoporosis (OP) was found in SSc. Particularly SSc patients with "Late" NVC pattern showed a significantly higher prevalence of vertebral (p = 0.018) and femoral OP (p = 0.016). Regional assessment of bone mass (BM) in seven different body areas showed a significantly lower BMD only at the total spine (p = 0.008) and femoral neck (p = 0.027) in advanced microvascular damage. Patients with "Late" NVC pattern showed a lower whole-body lean mass (LM) compared to "Early" and "Active" NVC patterns, particularly at upper limbs. To note, in all body sites, BMD correlates with LM and BMC according to NVC pattern severity. CONCLUSIONS SSc patients with most severe microvascular damage show a significantly altered body composition and bone status suggesting a strong link between microvascular failure and associated muscle/bone sufferance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Paolino
- Department of Internal Medicine DiMI, Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genoa, Italy.
| | - E Gotelli
- Department of Internal Medicine DiMI, Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Goegan
- Department of Internal Medicine DiMI, Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Casabella
- Department of Internal Medicine DiMI, Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Ferrari
- Department of Internal Medicine DiMI, Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Patane
- Department of Internal Medicine DiMI, Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Albertelli
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities (DIMI), Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), Endocrinology Unit, University of Genoa, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Gatto
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities (DIMI), Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), Endocrinology Unit, University of Genoa, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - C Pizzorni
- Department of Internal Medicine DiMI, Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Cattelan
- Department of Internal Medicine DiMI, Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Sulli
- Department of Internal Medicine DiMI, Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genoa, Italy
| | - V Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Cutolo
- Department of Internal Medicine DiMI, Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genoa, Italy
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Huang P, Luo K, Xu J, Huang W, Yin W, Xiao M, Wang Y, Ding M, Huang X. Sarcopenia as a Risk Factor for Future Hip Fracture: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:183-188. [PMID: 33491032 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aims to determine whether sarcopenia is a predictive factor of future hip fractures. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. Set: We searched for potentially suitable articles in PubMed, Cochrane library, Medline and EMBASE from inception to March 2020. The quality of the research was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Finally, a meta-analysis was conducted with the Stata software. PARTICIPANTS Older community-dwelling residents. MEASUREMENTS Hip fracture due to sarcopenia. RESULTS We retrieved 2129 studies through our search strategy, and five studies with 23,359 individuals were analyzed in our pooled analyses. Sarcopenia increases the risk of future hip fractures with a pooled hazard ratio (HR) of 1.42 (95% CI: 1.18-1.71, P <0.001, I2 = 37.7%). In addition, in subgroup analyses based on different definitions of sarcopenia, sarcopenia was associated with the risk of future hip fractures with the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria with a pooled HR of 2.13(95% CI: 1.33-3.43). When subgroup analyses were conducted by sex, sarcopenia was associated with the risk for future hip fractures in females with pooled HRs of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.18-2.43). Sarcopenia was associated with the risk of future hip fractures in the group with a follow-up period of more than 5 years, with a pooled HR of 1.32 (95% CI: 1.08-1.61), and in the group with a follow-up period of less than 5 years, with a pooled HR of 2.13 (95% CI: 1.33-3.43). CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia could significantly increase the risk of future hip fracture in old people; thus, it is necessary to prevent hip fractures in individuals with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Huang
- Mei Ding, Medical College Road, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province 341000, China, E-mail address:. Xiaofeng Huang, E-mail address :
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Pei YF, Liu YZ, Yang XL, Zhang H, Feng GJ, Wei XT, Zhang L. The genetic architecture of appendicular lean mass characterized by association analysis in the UK Biobank study. Commun Biol 2020; 3:608. [PMID: 33097823 PMCID: PMC7585446 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Appendicular lean mass (ALM) is a heritable trait associated with loss of lean muscle mass and strength, or sarcopenia, but its genetic determinants are largely unknown. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 450,243 UK Biobank participants to uncover its genetic architecture. A total of 1059 conditionally independent variants from 799 loci were identified at the genome-wide significance level (p < 5 × 10-9), all of which were also significant at p < 5 × 10-5 in both sexes. These variants explained ~15.5% of the phenotypic variance, accounting for more than one quarter of the total ~50% GWAS-attributable heritability. There was no difference in genetic effect between sexes or among different age strata. Heritability was enriched in certain functional categories, such as conserved and coding regions, and in tissues related to the musculoskeletal system. Polygenic risk score prediction well distinguished participants with high and low ALM. The findings are important not only for lean mass but also for other complex diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, as ALM is shown to be a protective factor for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fang Pei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yao-Zhong Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Xiao-Lin Yang
- Department of Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, PR China
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Gui-Juan Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xin-Tong Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Laffranchi Z, Charisi D, Jiménez-Brobeil SA, Milella M. Gendered division of labor in a Celtic community? A comparison of sex differences in entheseal changes and long bone shape and robusticity in the pre-Roman population of Verona (Italy, third-first century BC). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 173:568-588. [PMID: 32812226 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The presence of a gendered subdivision of labor has been bioarchaeologically investigated in various prehistoric and historical contexts. Little is known, however, about the type of differences in daily activities characterizing men and women among the Celtic communities of Italy. The focus of the present study is the analysis of differences in patterns of entheseal changes (ECs) and long bone shape and robusticity between sexes among the Cenomani Gauls of Seminario Vescovile (SV-Verona, Italy, third-first century BC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample includes 56 adult individuals (22 females and 34 males). Presence of ECs on nine bilateral postcranial attachment sites, and values of humeral and femoral shape and robusticity indices based on external measurements were compared between sexes by means of generalized linear models and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS Results show a lack of difference between sexes in long bone shape and robusticity, and a higher incidence of upper and, especially, lower limb ECs in males. DISCUSSION These results suggest the presence of sex-specific activities at SV mostly related to farming and differently influencing the considered variables. Also, this study suggests the relevance of a series of nonbiomechanical factors (developmental, hormonal, genetic, and methodological) when attempting biocultural reconstructions from osteoarchaeological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Laffranchi
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, Medicine Faculty, University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
| | - Drosia Charisi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, Medicine Faculty, University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
| | - Sylvia A Jiménez-Brobeil
- Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, Medicine Faculty, University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
| | - Marco Milella
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to describe the current state of our thinking regarding bone-muscle interactions beyond the mechanical perspective. RECENT FINDINGS Recent and prior evidence has begun to dissect many of the molecular mechanisms that bone and muscle use to communicate with each other and to modify each other's function. Several signaling factors produced by muscle and bone have emerged as potential mediators of these biochemical/molecular interactions. These include muscle factors such as myostatin, Irisin, BAIBA, IL-6, and the IGF family and the bone factors FGF-23, Wnt1 and Wnt3a, PGE2, FGF9, RANKL, osteocalcin, and sclerostin. The identification of these signaling molecules and their underlying mechanisms offers the very real and exciting possibility that new pharmaceutical approaches can be developed that will permit the simultaneous treatments of diseases that often occur in combination, such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Lara-Castillo
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, UMKC School of Dentistry, 650 East 25th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Mark L Johnson
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, UMKC School of Dentistry, 650 East 25th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
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Intriago M, Maldonado G, Guerrero R, Messina OD, Rios C. Bone Mass Loss and Sarcopenia in Ecuadorian Patients. J Aging Res 2020; 2020:1072675. [PMID: 32257440 PMCID: PMC7103045 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1072675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association between osteoporosis and sarcopenia and determine the prevalence of osteosarcopenia in patients who attended a rheumatology center in Ecuador. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of patients who had a densitometric study. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was determined by the DXA standard gold test, screening, and conventional methods (bioimpedance, anthropometric measurements, SARC-F, muscle function, and gait test). RESULTS A total of 92 patients were studied. The median age was 66 ± 10, 90% females. Using the criteria of SMI, 65% had sarcopenia of which 9% had only sarcopenia and 56% had osteosarcopenia; 22% had only osteopenia/osteoporosis; and 13% none of these conditions. The prevalence of sarcopenia according to handgrip strength was 60%, gait speed 45%, and SARC-F score 40%. The prevalence of osteosarcopenia according to handgrip strength was 51%, gait speed 34%, and SARC-F score 32%. Osteoporosis was associated with a higher prevalence of sarcopenia using the criteria of SMI since 40% had sarcopenia in the normal DXA group, 64% in the osteopenia group, and 76% in the osteoporosis group (p=0.017). Of the women, 69% had sarcopenia compared to 33% of the men (p=0.034). The BMI was lower in the group with sarcopenia (25.1 ± 4.1 kg/m2) compared to the group without sarcopenia (29.4 ± 4.1 kg/m2, p < 0.001). Patients with osteosarcopenia and sarcopenia had lower BMI, handgrip strength, ASM, SMI, and total-body skeletal muscle mass than those with osteopenia/osteoporosis or normal patients. CONCLUSION 65% of the studied population had sarcopenia. It is clear that the prevalence of sarcopenia is higher in patients with greater loss of bone mass. Identifying pathways that affect both bone and muscle could facilitate the development of treatments that simultaneously improve osteoporosis and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Intriago
- Universidad Espíritu Santo, Km 2.5 Vía La Puntilla, Samborondón, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - G. Maldonado
- Universidad Espíritu Santo, Km 2.5 Vía La Puntilla, Samborondón, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - R. Guerrero
- Universidad Espíritu Santo, Km 2.5 Vía La Puntilla, Samborondón, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - O. D. Messina
- General Hospital, Pi y Margall 750, C1155AHD CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C. Rios
- Universidad Espíritu Santo, Km 2.5 Vía La Puntilla, Samborondón, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Wang WF, Lin CW, Xie CN, Liu HT, Zhu MY, Huang KL, Teng HL. The association between sarcopenia and osteoporotic vertebral compression refractures. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:2459-2467. [PMID: 31482304 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-05144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sarcopenia was reported to be significantly associated with osteoporosis. In this study, we reported for the first time that sarcopenia was an independent risk predictor of osteoporotic vertebral compression refractures (OVCRFs). Other risk factors of OVCRFs are low bone mass density T-scores, female sex, and advanced age. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between osteoporotic vertebral compression refractures (OVCRFs) and sarcopenia, and to identify other risk factors of OVCRFs. METHODS We evaluated 237 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture who underwent percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in our hospital from August 2016 to December 2017. To diagnose sarcopenia, a cross-sectional computed tomography (CT) image at the inferior aspect of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) was selected for estimating muscle mass. Grip strength was used to assess muscle strength. Possible risk factors, such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD), location of the treated vertebra, anterior-posterior ratio (AP ratio) of the fractured vertebra, cement leakage, and vacuum clefts, were assessed. The multivariable analysis was used to determine the risk factors of OVCRFs. RESULTS During the follow-up period, OVCRFs occurred in 64 (27.0%) patients. Sarcopenia was present in 48 patients (20.3%), including 21 OVCRFs and 27 non-OVCRFs patients. Sarcopenia was significantly correlated with advanced age, lower BMI, lower BMD, and hypoalbuminemia. Compared with non-sarcopenic patients, sarcopenic patients had higher OVCRFs risk. In univariate analysis, sarcopenia (p = 0.003), female (p = 0.024), advanced age (≥ 75 years; p < 0.001), lower BMD (p < 0.001), lower BMI (p = 0.01), TL junction (vertebral levels at the thoracolumbar junction) (p = 0.01), cardiopulmonary comorbidity (p = 0.042), and hypoalbuminemia (p = 0.003) were associated with OVCRFs. Multivariable analysis revealed that sarcopenia (OR 2.271; 95% CI 1.069-4.824, p = 0.033), lower BMD (OR 1.968; 95% CI 1.350-2.868, p < 0.001), advanced age (≥ 75 years; OR 2.431; 95% CI 1.246-4.744, p = 0.009), and female sex (OR 4.666; 95% CI 1.400-15.552, p = 0.012) were independent risk predictors of OVCRFs. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia is an independent risk predictor of osteoporotic vertebral compression refractures. Other factors affecting OVCRFs are low BMD T-scores, female sex, and advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-F Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - C-W Lin
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - C-N Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - H-T Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - M-Y Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - K-L Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - H-L Teng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Iolascon G, Paoletta M, Liguori S, Curci C, Moretti A. Neuromuscular Diseases and Bone. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:794. [PMID: 31824418 PMCID: PMC6886381 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) are inherited or acquired conditions affecting skeletal muscles, motor nerves, or neuromuscular junctions. Most of them are characterized by a progressive damage of muscle fibers with reduced muscle strength, disability, and poor health-related quality of life of affected patients. In this scenario, skeletal health is usually compromised as a consequence of modified bone-muscle cross-talk including biomechanical and bio-humoral issues, resulting in increased risk of bone fragility and fractures. In addition, NMD patients frequently face nutritional issues, including malnutrition due to feeding disorders and swallowing problems that might affect bone health. Moreover, in these patients, low levels of physical activity or immobility are common and might lead to overweight or obesity that can also interfere with bone strength features. Also, vitamin D deficiency could play a critical role both in the pathogenesis and in the clinical scenario of many NMDs, suggesting that its correction could be useful in maintaining or enhancing bone health, especially in the early phases of NMDs. Last but not least, specific disease-modifying drugs, available for some NMDs, are frequently burdened with adverse effects on bone tissue. For example, glucocorticoid therapy, standard of care for many muscular dystrophies, prolongs long-term survival in treated patients; nevertheless, high dose and/or chronic use of these drugs are a common cause of secondary osteoporosis. This review addresses the current state of knowledge about the factors that play a role in determining bone alterations reported in NMDs, how these factors can modify the biological pathways underlying bone health, and which are the available interventions to manage bone involvement in patients affected by NMDs. Considering the complexity of care of these patients, an interdisciplinary and multimodal management strategy based on both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions is recommended, particularly targeting musculoskeletal issues that are closely related to functional independence as well as social implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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24
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Kirk B, Al Saedi A, Duque G. Osteosarcopenia: A case of geroscience. Aging Med (Milton) 2019; 2:147-156. [PMID: 31942528 PMCID: PMC6880711 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many older persons lose their mobility and independence due to multiple diseases occurring simultaneously. Geroscience is aimed at developing innovative approaches to better identify relationships among the biological processes of aging. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are two of the most prevalent chronic diseases in older people, with both conditions sharing overlapping risk factors and pathogenesis. When occurring together, these diseases form a geriatric syndrome termed "osteosarcopenia," which increases the risk of frailty, hospitalizations, and death. Findings from basic and clinical sciences aiming to understand osteosarcopenia have provided evidence of this syndrome as a case of geroscience. Genetic, endocrine, and mechanical stimuli, in addition to fat infiltration, sedentarism, and nutritional deficiencies, affect muscle and bone homeostasis to characterize this syndrome. However, research is in its infancy regarding accurate diagnostic markers and effective treatments with dual effects on muscle and bone. To date, resistance exercise remains the most promising strategy to increase muscle and bone mass, while sufficient quantities of protein, vitamin D, calcium, and creatine may preserve these tissues with aging. More recent findings, from rodent models, suggest treating ectopic fat in muscle and bone marrow as a possible avenue to curb osteosarcopenia, although this needs testing in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Kirk
- Department of MedicineWestern HealthMelbourne Medical SchoolUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS)University of Melbourne and Western HealthMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Ahmed Al Saedi
- Department of MedicineWestern HealthMelbourne Medical SchoolUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS)University of Melbourne and Western HealthMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Department of MedicineWestern HealthMelbourne Medical SchoolUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS)University of Melbourne and Western HealthMelbourneVic.Australia
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25
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Li G, Zhang L, Wang D, AIQudsy L, Jiang JX, Xu H, Shang P. Muscle-bone crosstalk and potential therapies for sarco-osteoporosis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14262-14273. [PMID: 31106446 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The nature of muscle-bone crosstalk has been historically considered to be only mechanical, where the muscle is the load applier while bone provides the attachment sites. However, this dogma has been challenged with the emerging notion that bone and muscle act as secretory endocrine organs affect the function of each other. Biochemical crosstalk occurs through myokines such as myostatin, irisin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-7, IL-15, insulin-like growth factor-1, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, and β-aminoisobutyric acid and through bone-derived factors including FGF23, prostaglandin E2 , transforming growth factor β, osteocalcin, and sclerostin. Aside from the biochemical and mechanical interaction, additional factors including aging, circadian rhythm, nervous system network, nutrition intake, and exosomes also have effects on bone-muscle crosstalk. Here, we summarize the current research progress in the area, which may be conductive to identify potential novel therapies for the osteoporosis and sarcopenia, especially when they develop in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuoBin Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - DongEn Wang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Luban AIQudsy
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jean X Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - HuiYun Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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26
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Sarcopenia and osteoporosis are interrelated in geriatric inpatients. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 52:688-693. [PMID: 31049683 PMCID: PMC6817738 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-019-01553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia and osteoporosis share an underlying pathology and reinforce each other in terms of negative outcomes. Objective To evaluate the extent of concomitance of sarcopenia as defined by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) and osteoporosis as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in geriatric inpatients and their relationship to nutritional and functional status. Material and methods A cross-sectional analysis of geriatric inpatients from the sarcopenia in geriatric elderly (SAGE) study. Measurements included dual X‑ray absorptiometry for bone mineral density and appendicular muscle mass; gait speed and hand grip strength, the Barthel index, body mass index (BMI) and the mini nutritional assessment short form (MNA-SF). Results Of the 148 patients recruited for SAGE, 141 (84 women, 57 men; mean age 80.6 ± 5.5 years) had sufficient data to be included in this ancillary investigation: 22/141 (15.6%) were only osteoporotic, 19/141 (13.5%) were only sarcopenic and 20/141 (14.2%) osteosarcopenic (i.e. both sarcopenia and osteoporosis). The prevalence of osteoporosis was higher in sarcopenic than in non-sarcopenic individuals (51.3% vs. 21.6%, p < 0.001). Sarcopenic, osteoporotic and osteosarcopenic subjects had a lower BMI, MNA-SF, handgrip and gait speed (p < 0.05) than the reference group (those neither osteoporotic nor sarcopenic, n = 80). The Barthel index was lower for sarcopenic and osteosarcopenic (p < 0.05) but not for osteoporotic (p = 0.07) subjects. The BMI and MNA-SF were lower in osteosarcopenia compared to sarcopenia or osteoporosis alone (p < 0.05) while there were no differences in functional criteria. Conclusion Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are linked to nutritional deficits and reduced function in geriatric inpatients. Co-occurrence (osteosarcopenia) is common and associated with a higher degree of malnutrition than osteoporosis or sarcopenia alone.
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the evidence from recent studies on the shared genetics between bone and muscle in humans. RECENT FINDINGS Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified a multitude of loci influencing the variability of different bone or muscle parameters, with multiple loci overlapping between the traits. In addition, joint analyses of multiple correlated musculoskeletal traits (i.e., multivariate GWAS) have underscored several genes with possible pleiotropic effects on both bone and muscle including MEF2C and SREBF1. Notably, several of the proposed pleiotropic genes have been validated using human cells or animal models. It is clear that the study of pleiotropy may provide novel insights into disease pathophysiology potentially leading to the identification of new treatment strategies that simultaneously prevent or treat both osteoporosis and sarcopenia. However, the role of muscle factors (myokines) that stimulate bone metabolism, as well as osteokines that affect muscles, is in its earliest stage of understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Trajanoska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Karasik
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA, USA.
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
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28
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Leal-Gutiérrez JD, Elzo MA, Johnson DD, Hamblen H, Mateescu RG. Genome wide association and gene enrichment analysis reveal membrane anchoring and structural proteins associated with meat quality in beef. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:151. [PMID: 30791866 PMCID: PMC6385435 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meat quality related phenotypes are difficult and expensive to measure and predict but are ideal candidates for genomic selection if genetic markers that account for a worthwhile proportion of the phenotypic variation can be identified. The objectives of this study were: 1) to perform genome wide association analyses for Warner-Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF), marbling, cooking loss, tenderness, juiciness, connective tissue and flavor; 2) to determine enriched pathways present in each genome wide association analysis; and 3) to identify potential candidate genes with multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with meat quality. RESULTS The WBSF, marbling and cooking loss traits were measured in longissimus dorsi muscle from 672 steers. Out of these, 495 animals were used to measure tenderness, juiciness, connective tissue and flavor by a sensory panel. All animals were genotyped for 221,077 markers and included in a genome wide association analysis. A total number of 68 genomic regions covering 52 genes were identified using the whole genome association approach; 48% of these genes encode transmembrane proteins or membrane associated molecules. Two enrichment analysis were performed: a tissue restricted gene enrichment applying a correlation analysis between raw associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by trait, and a functional classification analysis performed using the DAVID Bioinformatic Resources 6.8 server. The tissue restricted gene enrichment approach identified eleven pathways including "Endoplasmic reticulum membrane" that influenced multiple traits simultaneously. The DAVID functional classification analysis uncovered eleven clusters related to transmembrane or structural proteins. A gene network was constructed where the number of raw associated uncorrelated SNPs for each gene across all traits was used as a weight. A multiple SNP association analysis was performed for the top five most connected genes in the gene-trait network. The gene network identified the EVC2, ANXA10 and PKHD1 genes as potentially harboring multiple QTLs. Polymorphisms identified in structural proteins can modulate two different processes with direct effect on meat quality: in vivo myocyte cytoskeletal organization and postmortem proteolysis. CONCLUSION The main result from the present analysis is the uncovering of several candidate genes associated with meat quality that have structural function in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauricio A. Elzo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - D. Dwain Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Heather Hamblen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Raluca G. Mateescu
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
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Patel A, Edwards MH, Jameson KA, Ward KA, Fuggle N, Cooper C, Dennison EM. Longitudinal Change in Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography Assessment in Older Adults: The Hertfordshire Cohort Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 103:476-482. [PMID: 29931460 PMCID: PMC6179140 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are few longitudinal data on change in bone structure and muscle mass, strength and function in later life. We report these, and consider bone-muscle interrelationships in older men and women. We studied 188 men and 166 women from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study, who underwent peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) of the radius and tibia in 2004-2005 and then again in 2011-2012. Grip strength and gait speed were also assessed at both timepoints. Percentage change per year was calculated for grip strength, gait speed, muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA), fat cross-sectional area (fCSA) and diaphyseal bone parameters [total area (Tt.Ar), cortical area (Ct.Ar), cortical density (cBMD) and trabecular density (tBMD)]. The mean (SD) age of men and women at baseline was 68.9 (2.5) and 69.2 (2.6) years, respectively. Rates of muscle area and strength loss did not differ by sex. Tt.Ar increased with age and faster in men [mean (SD) 1.78 (1.64) %/year] than women [mean (SD) 1.03 (1.69) %/year] in the radius (p < 0.001). In both the radius (p = 0.006) and tibia (p < 0.001), Ct.Ar reduced more rapidly in women than men. Change in Ct.Ar was associated with change in muscle area in the corresponding limb (radius; men: regression coefficient 0.36, 95% CI 0.20-0.52, p < 0.001; tibia; men: regression coefficient 0.14, 95% CI 0.00-0.27, p = 0.043, women: regression coefficient 0.16, 95% CI 0.01-0.30, p = 0.032). We have demonstrated that muscle strength and function decrease faster than muscle mass and have provided further evidence that changes in bone structure with age differ by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Patel
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M H Edwards
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - K A Jameson
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - K A Ward
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas Fuggle
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E M Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Bilha SC, Branisteanu D, Buzduga C, Constantinescu D, Cianga P, Anisie E, Covic A, Ungureanu MC. Body composition and circulating estradiol are the main bone density predictors in healthy young and middle-aged men. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:995-1003. [PMID: 29336002 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Current fracture risk assessment options in men call for improved evaluation strategies. Recent research directed towards non-classic bone mass determinants have often yielded scarce and conflicting results. We aimed at investigating the impact of novel potential bone mass regulators together with classic determinants of bone status in healthy young and middle-aged men. METHODS Anthropometric measurements, all-site bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition parameters assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and also serum concentrations of (1) the adipokines leptin and resistin, (2) vitamin D and parathormone (PTH), (3) sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), total testosterone and estradiol (free testosterone was also calculated) and (4) C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx) were obtained from 30 apparently healthy male volunteers aged 20-65 years enrolled in this cross-sectional study. RESULTS Only lean mass (LM) and total estradiol independently predicted BMD in men in multiple regression analysis, together explaining 49% (p ≤ 0.001) of whole-body BMD variance. Hierarchical regression analysis with whole-body BMD as outcome variable demonstrated that the body mass index (BMI) beta coefficient became nonsignificant when LM was added to the model. Adipokines, fat parameters, testosterone (total and free), SHBG, PTH and vitamin D were not independently associated with BMD or CTx. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that LM and sex hormones-namely estradiol-are the main determinants of bone mass in young and middle-aged men. The effects of BMI upon BMD seem to be largely mediated by LM. Lifestyle interventions should focus on preserving LM in men for improved bone outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Bilha
- Department of Endocrinology, "St. Spiridon" Hospital, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 1 Independentei Blvd, 700111, Iasi, Romania
| | - D Branisteanu
- Department of Endocrinology, "St. Spiridon" Hospital, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 1 Independentei Blvd, 700111, Iasi, Romania.
| | - C Buzduga
- Department of Endocrinology, "St. Spiridon" Hospital, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 1 Independentei Blvd, 700111, Iasi, Romania
| | - D Constantinescu
- Immunology Department, "St. Spiridon" Hospital, No.1 Independentei Blvd, 700111, Iasi, Romania
| | - P Cianga
- Immunology Department, "St. Spiridon" Hospital, No.1 Independentei Blvd, 700111, Iasi, Romania
| | - E Anisie
- Immunology Department, "St. Spiridon" Hospital, No.1 Independentei Blvd, 700111, Iasi, Romania
| | - A Covic
- Nephrology Department, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, "C.I. Parhon" University Hospital, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 50 Carol I Blvd, 700503, Iasi, Romania
| | - M C Ungureanu
- Department of Endocrinology, "St. Spiridon" Hospital, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 1 Independentei Blvd, 700111, Iasi, Romania
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31
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FAM210A is a novel determinant of bone and muscle structure and strength. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E3759-E3768. [PMID: 29618611 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719089115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are common comorbid diseases, yet their shared mechanisms are largely unknown. We found that genetic variation near FAM210A was associated, through large genome-wide association studies, with fracture, bone mineral density (BMD), and appendicular and whole body lean mass, in humans. In mice, Fam210a was expressed in muscle mitochondria and cytoplasm, as well as in heart and brain, but not in bone. Grip strength and limb lean mass were reduced in tamoxifen-inducible Fam210a homozygous global knockout mice (TFam210a-/- ), and in tamoxifen-inducible Fam210 skeletal muscle cell-specific knockout mice (TFam210aMus-/- ). Decreased BMD, bone biomechanical strength, and bone formation, and elevated osteoclast activity with microarchitectural deterioration of trabecular and cortical bones, were observed in TFam210a-/- mice. BMD of male TFam210aMus-/- mice was also reduced, and osteoclast numbers and surface in TFam210aMus-/- mice increased. Microarray analysis of muscle cells from TFam210aMus-/- mice identified candidate musculoskeletal modulators. FAM210A, a novel gene, therefore has a crucial role in regulating bone structure and function, and may impact osteoporosis through a biological pathway involving muscle as well as through other mechanisms.
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Yoo JI, Ha YC. Review of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Osteosarcopenia in Korea. J Bone Metab 2018; 25:1-7. [PMID: 29564300 PMCID: PMC5854818 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2018.25.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia was listed in the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) as M62.84, on October 1, 2016. Sarcopenia is primarily associated with metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and cachexia, as well as chronic renal failure, congestive heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sarcopenia is also significantly associated with osteoporosis in elderly populations and the combined disease is defined as osteosarcopenia. Several studies have confirmed that sarcopenia and osteoporosis (osteosarcopenia) share common risk factors and biological pathways. Osteosarcopenia is associated with significant physical disability, representing a significant threat to the loss of independence in later life. However, the pathophysiology and diagnosis of osteosarcopenia are not fully defined. Additionally, pharmacologic and hormonal treatments for sarcopenia are undergoing clinical trials. This review summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of osteosarcopenia, and includes Korean data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Il Yoo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Yong-Chan Ha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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The risks of sarcopenia, falls and fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Maturitas 2017; 109:70-77. [PMID: 29452785 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fracture risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increased, and the mechanism is multifactorial. Recent research on T2DM-induced bone fragility shows that bone mineral density (BMD) is often normal or even slightly elevated. However, bone turnover may be decreased and bone material and microstructural properties are altered, especially when microvascular complications are present. Besides bone fragility, extra-skeletal factors leading to an increased propensity to experience falls may also contribute to the increased fracture risk in T2DM, such as peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy and diabetes medication (e.g. insulin use). One of the probable additional contributing factors to the increased fall and fracture risks in T2DM is sarcopenia, the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass, quality and function. Although the association between sarcopenia, fall risk, and fracture risk has been studied in the general population, few studies have examined the association between T2DM and muscle tissue and the risks of falls and fractures. This narrative review provides an overview of the literature regarding the multifactorial mechanisms leading to increased fracture risk in patients with T2DM, with a focus on sarcopenia and falls.
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Marty E, Liu Y, Samuel A, Or O, Lane J. A review of sarcopenia: Enhancing awareness of an increasingly prevalent disease. Bone 2017; 105:276-286. [PMID: 28931495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined as an age associated decline in skeletal muscle mass. The pathophysiology of sarcopenia is multifactorial, with decreased caloric intake, muscle fiber denervation, intracellular oxidative stress, hormonal decline, and enhanced myostatin signaling all thought to contribute. Prevalence rates are as high as 29% and 33% in elderly community dwelling and long-term care populations, respectively, with advanced age, low body mass index, and low physical activity as significant risk factors. Sarcopenia shares many characteristics with other disease states typically associated with risk of fall and fracture, including osteoporosis, frailty, and obesity. There is no current universally accepted definition of sarcopenia. Diagnosing sarcopenia with contemporary operational definitions requires assessments of muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. Screening is recommended for both elderly patients and those with conditions that noticeably reduce physical function. Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in orthopedic patient populations and correlates with higher hospital costs and rates of falling, fracture, and mortality. As no muscle building agents are currently approved in the United States, resistance training and nutritional supplementation are the primary methods for treating sarcopenia. Trials with various agents, including selective androgen receptor modulators and myostatin inhibitors, show promise as future treatment options. Increased awareness of sarcopenia is of great importance to begin reaching consensus on diagnosis and to contribute to finding a cure for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Marty
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, United States
| | - Andre Samuel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, United States
| | - Omer Or
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, United States
| | - Joseph Lane
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, United States.
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Hirschfeld HP, Kinsella R, Duque G. Osteosarcopenia: where bone, muscle, and fat collide. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:2781-2790. [PMID: 28733716 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As the world's population ages, the prevalence of chronic diseases increases. Sarcopenia and osteoporosis are two conditions that are associated with aging, with similar risk factors that include genetics, endocrine function, and mechanical factors. Additionally, bone and muscle closely interact with each other not only anatomically, but also chemically and metabolically. Fat infiltration, a phenomenon observed in age-related bone and muscle loss, is highly prevalent and more severe in sarcopenic and osteoporotic subjects. Clinically, when individuals suffer a combination of both disorders, negative outcomes such as falls, fractures, loss of function, frailty, and mortality increase, thus generating significant personal and socio-economic costs. Therefore, it is suggested that when bone mineral density loss is synchronic with decreased muscle mass, strength, and function, it should be interpreted as a single diagnosis of osteosarcopenia, which may be preventable and treatable. Simple interventions such as resistance training, adequate protein and calcium dietary intake, associated with maintenance of appropriate levels of vitamin D, have a dual positive effect on bone and muscle, reducing falls, fractures, and, consequently, disability. It is essential that fracture prevention approaches-including postfracture management-involve assessment and treatment of both osteoporosis and sarcopenia. This is of particular importance as in older persons the combination of osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia has been proposed as a subset of frailer individuals at higher risk of institutionalization, falls, and fractures. This review summarizes osteosarcopenia epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, outcomes, and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Hirschfeld
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Federal University of São Paulo, 1500 Sena Madureira Avenue, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Kinsella
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Level 3 WCHRE Building, 176 Furlong Road, St. Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia
| | - G Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Level 3 WCHRE Building, 176 Furlong Road, St. Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, Melbourne Medical School - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia.
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Bivariate genome-wide association meta-analysis of pediatric musculoskeletal traits reveals pleiotropic effects at the SREBF1/TOM1L2 locus. Nat Commun 2017; 8:121. [PMID: 28743860 PMCID: PMC5527106 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone mineral density is known to be a heritable, polygenic trait whereas genetic variants contributing to lean mass variation remain largely unknown. We estimated the shared SNP heritability and performed a bivariate GWAS meta-analysis of total-body lean mass (TB-LM) and total-body less head bone mineral density (TBLH-BMD) regions in 10,414 children. The estimated SNP heritability is 43% (95% CI: 34–52%) for TBLH-BMD, and 39% (95% CI: 30–48%) for TB-LM, with a shared genetic component of 43% (95% CI: 29–56%). We identify variants with pleiotropic effects in eight loci, including seven established bone mineral density loci: WNT4, GALNT3, MEPE, CPED1/WNT16, TNFSF11, RIN3, and PPP6R3/LRP5. Variants in the TOM1L2/SREBF1 locus exert opposing effects TB-LM and TBLH-BMD, and have a stronger association with the former trait. We show that SREBF1 is expressed in murine and human osteoblasts, as well as in human muscle tissue. This is the first bivariate GWAS meta-analysis to demonstrate genetic factors with pleiotropic effects on bone mineral density and lean mass. Bone mineral density and lean skeletal mass are heritable traits. Here, Medina-Gomez and colleagues perform bivariate GWAS analyses of total body lean mass and bone mass density in children, and show genetic loci with pleiotropic effects on both traits.
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Zhao F, Gao LH, Li SS, Wei ZY, Fu WZ, He JW, Liu YJ, Hu YQ, Dong J, Zhang ZL. Association between SNPs and haplotypes in the METTL21C gene and peak bone mineral density and body composition in Chinese male nuclear families. J Bone Miner Metab 2017; 35:437-447. [PMID: 27628047 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-016-0774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The methyltransferase-like 21C gene (METTL21C), which is mainly expressed in muscle, can promote the differentiation of myoblasts to myotubes and reduce glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of osteocytes. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of METTL21C and peak bone mineral density (BMD), body mass index, total fat mass (TFM), and total lean mass (TLM) in Chinese young men. Fifteen tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped, and haplotype blocks were derived in 400 Chinese male nuclear families. The peak BMD of the lumbar and hip, TFM, and TLM were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The association analyses were performed by a quantitative transmission disequilibrium test. Both TLM and TFM had a significant positive effect on peak BMD, but the positive regulation of TLM was stronger than that of TFM. After 1000 permutations, significant within-family associations were found between rs9585961 and lumbar spine BMD and femoral neck BMD, rs9518810 and femoral neck BMD, and rs599976 and body mass index, TFM, and percentage fat mass (all P < 0.05). The association analyses with haplotypes showed that haplotype AG in block 1 was significantly associated with TFM (P = 0.031) and haplotype CAG in block 2 was significantly associated with lumbar spine BMD (P = 0.020). Our study, for the first time, demonstrates that the polymorphisms and haplotypes of METTL21C contribute to the peak BMD and TFM in Chinese males, which suggests that as a quantitative trait locus with potential pleiotropy it may have an influence on osteoporosis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Division of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Six People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Li-Hong Gao
- Division of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Six People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Division of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Six People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zhan-Ying Wei
- Division of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Six People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wen-Zhen Fu
- Division of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Six People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jin-Wei He
- Division of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Six People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yu-Juan Liu
- Division of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Six People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yun-Qiu Hu
- Division of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Six People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Zhang
- Division of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Six People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Abstract
: HIV infection, in many circumstances, can now be managed as a chronic disease due to the marked increase in life expectancy since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). As the patients who first had access to combination ART age into their 50s and 60s, the effects of chronic HIV infection on health have become an important research focus in HIV infection. People living with HIV appear to exhibit an earlier occurrence of some aging-related conditions compared to people without HIV, in part due to higher rates of comorbidities, high-risk behaviors (e.g. smoking, substance use), chronic immune activation, inflammation, and ART-specific factors. Some studies have even suggested an earlier-than-expected appearance of the 'geriatric syndromes,' which are complex medical syndromes of older adults that are associated with morbidity and mortality. The geriatric syndromes include a wide variety of disease processes ranging from incontinence and dementia to impairments in physical function. This review will focus on one geriatric syndrome, sarcopenia, in older HIV-infected populations, and its relation to other aging syndromes, including frailty and falls. The contribution of HIV itself, ART exposure, and specific comorbidities, and the importance of early recognition and prevention of these aging syndromes will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie L Hawkins
- aUniversity of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado bJohns Hopkins School of Medicine cJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Hwang JA, Kim YS, Leem AY, Park MS, Kim SK, Chang J, Jung JY. Clinical Implications of Sarcopenia on Decreased Bone Density in Men With COPD. Chest 2017; 151:1018-1027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Hars M, Biver E, Chevalley T, Herrmann F, Rizzoli R, Ferrari S, Trombetti A. Low Lean Mass Predicts Incident Fractures Independently From FRAX: a Prospective Cohort Study of Recent Retirees. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:2048-2056. [PMID: 27253633 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Whether low muscle mass predisposes to fracture is still poorly understood. In the diagnosis of sarcopenia, different thresholds for low lean mass have been proposed but comparative data for these criteria against hard outcomes such as fractures are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of low lean mass according to different thresholds used in operational definitions of sarcopenia and their association with 3-year fracture incidence in a cohort of healthy 63- to 67-year-old community dwellers. In a longitudinal analysis of 913 participants (mean age 65.0 ± 1.4 years) enrolled in the Geneva Retirees Cohort (GERICO) study, lean mass was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and low trauma clinical fracture incidence was recorded over a 3-year period. Prevalence of low lean mass ranged from 3.5% to 20.2% according to the threshold applied. During a follow-up of 3.4 ± 0.9 years, 40 (4.4%) participants sustained at least one low trauma fracture. After multivariate adjustment including Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) probability with femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD), low lean mass, as defined by Baumgartner thresholds, was associated with higher fracture risk (odds ratio [OR], 2.32; 95% CI, 1.04 to 5.18; p = 0.040). It also added significant predictive value beyond FRAX (likelihood ratio test for nested models, 4.28; p < 0.039). No significant association was found for other definition thresholds. The coexistence of sarcopenia and a T-score <-2.5 at spine or hip was associated with a 3.39-fold (95% CI, 1.54 to 7.46; p = 0.002) increase in low trauma fracture risk. In conclusion, low lean mass, as defined by the Baumgartner thresholds, is a predictor of incident fractures in a large cohort of healthy 65-year-old community dwellers, independently of FRAX probability. The increased risk is related to the threshold for low lean mass selected. These findings suggest that identification of sarcopenia should be considered in fracture risk assessment beyond usual risk factors. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélany Hars
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Biver
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Chevalley
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François Herrmann
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Thônex, Switzerland
| | - René Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Ferrari
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Trombetti
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The interaction between fall and fracture risk factors is an area of increasing clinical relevance, but little information is known about the age-specific issues in bone health unique to HIV-infected adults. The present review will focus on what is known about falls and fall risk factors among HIV-infected adults, and then review the association between decreased muscle, increased adiposity, and frailty with both low bone mineral density (BMD) and falls. RECENT FINDINGS The rate of falls among middle-aged HIV-infected adults is similar to that of HIV-uninfected adults 65 years and older. Many of the clinical factors that contribute to low BMD overlap with risk factors for falls, resulting in a high risk of a serious fall among older adults with the greatest risk for a fracture. Low muscle mass, increased adiposity and metabolic syndrome, physical function impairment and frailty, common among older HIV-infected adults, contribute to an increased risk for low BMD and falls, and subsequently, may increase the risk of fracture among HIV-infected older adults. SUMMARY Interventions with dual benefit on reducing fall risk and improving BMD are likely to have the greatest impact on fracture prevention in the older, HIV-infected adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine M Erlandson
- aUniversity of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA bUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy cMcGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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He H, Liu Y, Tian Q, Papasian CJ, Hu T, Deng HW. Relationship of sarcopenia and body composition with osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:473-82. [PMID: 26243357 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and body composition and osteoporosis in cohorts of three different races with a total of 17,891 subjects. Lean mass and grip strength were positively associated with bone mineral densities (BMDs). Subjects with sarcopenia were two times more likely to have osteoporosis compared with normal subjects. INTRODUCTION The relationship between sarcopenia and osteoporosis is not totally clear. First, the present study assessed this relationship by using two different definitions for sarcopenia. Second, we examined the associations of body composition (including muscle mass as a major and important component) and muscle strength on regional and whole-body BMDs. METHODS In total, 17,891 subjects of African American, Caucasian, and Chinese ethnicities were analyzed. Sarcopenia was defined by relative appendicular skeletal muscle mass (RASM) cut points and also by the definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (low RASM plus low muscle function). Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of fat mass, lean mass (including muscle mass), and grip strength with regional and whole-body BMDs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the association between sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis. RESULTS BMDs were positively associated with lean mass and negatively associated with fat mass, after controlling for potential confounders. Grip strength was significantly associated with higher BMDs. Each standard deviation (SD) increase in RASM resulted in a ~37 % reduction in risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis (odds ratio (OR) = 0.63; 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.59, 0.66). Subjects with sarcopenia defined by RASM were two times more likely to have osteopenia/osteoporosis compared with the normal subjects (OR = 2.04; 95 % CI = 1.61, 2.60). Similarly, subjects with sarcopenia (low muscle mass and low grip strength) were ~1.8 times more likely to have osteopenia/osteoporosis than normal subjects (OR = 1.87; 95 % CI = 1.09, 3.20). CONCLUSIONS High lean mass and muscle strength were positively associated with BMDs. Sarcopenia is associated with low BMD and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H He
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St., Suite 2001, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St., Suite 2001, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Q Tian
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St., Suite 2001, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - C J Papasian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - T Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - H-W Deng
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St., Suite 2001, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Pham HM, Nguyen ND, Center JR, Eisman JA, Nguyen TV. Contribution of Quadriceps Weakness to Fragility Fracture: A Prospective Study. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:208-14. [PMID: 26174768 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The association between muscle weakness and fracture is not well understood. This study sought to examine the contribution of muscle strength at baseline and change in muscle strength to the observed risk of fragility fracture in older people. The study involved 595 men and 1066 women aged 60+ years (median 69 years) who had been followed for a median of 11 years (range, 4 to 22 years). Quadriceps isometric muscle strength (MS) measured at baseline and biennially was adjusted for height. Femoral neck bone mineral density (FNBMD) was measured by DXA. Low-trauma fracture was ascertained from X-ray reports and interview. The relationship between baseline MS and serial MS and fracture assessed by time-invariant and time-variant Cox's regression models was expressed as hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). During the follow-up period, 282 (26%) women and 89 (15%) men sustained a fragility fracture. From age 60 years, women lost 0.28 kg/m (1.6%) of MS per year, whereas men lost 0.39 kg/m (1.5%) of MS per year. In the time-variant model, using serial MS, each 1 SD (4.7 kg/m) lower MS was associated with a 27% increase in the risk of fracture in women (HR 1.27; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.43); and 46% increase in men (HR 1.46; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.75). After adjusting for FNBMD, age and prior fracture, history of fall and smoking, HR per SD of lower MS was 1.13 (95% CI, 0.99 to 1.28) for women and 1.35 (95% CI, 1.18 to 1.64) for men. These data indicate that muscle weakness is an independent determinant of fracture risk in men, but not in women. This sex difference suggests that apart from mechanical load effect of muscle on bone, there are other muscle-bone interactions that need to be investigated in future studies. The accuracy of fracture risk prediction for men may be improved by incorporating muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh M Pham
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Thai Binh University of Pharmacy and Medicine, Thai Binh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen D Nguyen
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Leeton Medical Centre, Leeton, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacqueline R Center
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John A Eisman
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tuan V Nguyen
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Edwards MH, Ward KA, Ntani G, Parsons C, Thompson J, Sayer AA, Dennison EM, Cooper C. Lean mass and fat mass have differing associations with bone microarchitecture assessed by high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography in men and women from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. Bone 2015; 81:145-151. [PMID: 26187195 PMCID: PMC4641321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of muscle and fat on bone is increasingly important in the optimisation of bone health. We explored relationships between bone microarchitecture and body composition in older men and women from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. 175 men and 167 women aged 72-81 years were studied. High resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) images (voxel size 82 μm) were acquired from the non-dominant distal radius and tibia with a Scanco XtremeCT scanner. Standard morphological analysis was performed for assessment of macrostructure, densitometry, cortical porosity and trabecular microarchitecture. Body composition was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (Lunar Prodigy Advanced). Lean mass index (LMI) was calculated as lean mass divided by height squared and fat mass index (FMI) as fat mass divided by height squared. The mean (standard deviation) age in men and women was 76 (3) years. In univariate analyses, tibial cortical area (p<0.01), cortical thickness (p<0.05) and trabecular number (p<0.01) were positively associated with LMI and FMI in both men and women. After mutual adjustment, relationships between cortical area and thickness were only maintained with LMI [tibial cortical area, β (95% confidence interval (CI)): men 6.99 (3.97,10.01), women 3.59 (1.81,5.38)] whereas trabecular number and density were associated with FMI. Interactions by sex were found, including for the relationships of LMI with cortical area and FMI with trabecular area in both the radius and tibia (p<0.05). In conclusion, LMI and FMI appeared to show independent relationships with bone microarchitecture. Further studies are required to confirm the direction of causality and explore the mechanisms underlying these tissue-specific associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Edwards
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Kate A Ward
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
| | - Georgia Ntani
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Camille Parsons
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Jennifer Thompson
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
| | - Avan A Sayer
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Elaine M Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 5UG, UK; NIHR Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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45
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Levy R, Mott RF, Iraqi FA, Gabet Y. Collaborative cross mice in a genetic association study reveal new candidate genes for bone microarchitecture. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:1013. [PMID: 26611327 PMCID: PMC4661944 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The microstructure of trabecular bone is a composite trait governed by a complex interaction of multiple genetic determinants. Identifying these genetic factors should significantly improve our ability to predict of osteoporosis and its associated risks. Genetic mapping using collaborative cross mice (CC), a genetically diverse recombinant inbred mouse reference panel, offers a powerful tool to identify causal loci at a resolution under one mega base-pairs, with a relatively small cohort size. Here, we utilized 31 CC lines (160 mice of both sexes in total) to perform genome-wide haplotype mapping across 77,808 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Haplotype scans were refined by imputation with the catalogue of sequence variation segregating in the CC to suggest potential candidate genes. Trabecular traits were obtained following microtomographic analysis, performed on 10-μm resolution scans of the femoral distal metaphysis. We measured the trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), number (Tb.N), thickness (Tb.Th), and connectivity density (Conn.D). Results Heritability of these traits ranged from 0.6 to 0.7. In addition there was a significant (P < 0.01) sex effect in all traits except Tb.Th. Our haplotype scans yielded six quantitative trait loci (QTL) at 1 % false discovery rate; BV/TV and Tb.Th produced two proximal loci each, on chromosome 2 and 7, respectively, and Tb.N and Conn.D yielded one locus on chromosomes 8 and 14, respectively. We identified candidate genes with previously-reported functions in bone biology, and implicated unexpected genes whose function in bone biology has yet to be assigned. Based on the literature, among the genes that ranked particularly high in our analyses (P < 10-6) and which have a validated causal role in skeletal biology, are Avp, Oxt, B2m (associated with BV/TV), Cnot7 (with Tb.N), Pcsk6, Rgma (with Tb.Th), Rb1, and Cpb2 (with Conn.D). Other candidate genes strongly suggested by our analyses are Sgcz, Fgf20 (associated with Tb.N), and Chd2 (with Tb.Th). Conclusion We have demonstrated for the first time genome-wide significant association between several genetic loci and trabecular microstructural parameters for genes with previously reported experimental observations, as well as proposing a role for new candidate genes with no previously characterized skeletal function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2213-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roei Levy
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Richard F Mott
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fuad A Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Edwards MH, Dennison EM, Aihie Sayer A, Fielding R, Cooper C. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia in older age. Bone 2015; 80:126-130. [PMID: 25886902 PMCID: PMC4601530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are common in older age and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Consequently, they are both attended by a considerable socioeconomic burden. Osteoporosis was defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 1994 as a bone mineral density of less than 2.5 standard deviations below the sex-specific young adult mean and this characterisation has been adopted globally. Subsequently, a further step forward was taken when bone mineral density was incorporated into fracture risk prediction algorithms, such as the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX®) also developed by the WHO. In contrast, for sarcopenia there have been several diagnostic criteria suggested, initially relating to low muscle mass alone and more recently low muscle mass and muscle function. However, none of these have been universally accepted. This has led to difficulties in accurately delineating the burden of disease, exploring geographic differences, and recruiting appropriate subjects to clinical trials. There is also uncertainty about how improvement in sarcopenia should be measured in pharmaceutical trials. Reasons for these difficulties include the number of facets of muscle health available, e.g. mass, strength, function, and performance, and the various clinical outcomes to which sarcopenia can be related such as falls, fracture, disability and premature mortality. It is imperative that a universal definition of sarcopenia is reached soon to facilitate greater progress in research into this debilitating condition. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Muscle Bone Interactions".
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Edwards
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK
| | - E M Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK; Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - A Aihie Sayer
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK
| | - R Fielding
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 5UG, UK; NIHR Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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Abstract
Muscle and bone are two intimately connected tissues. A coordinated interplay between these tissues at mechanical levels is required for their development, function and ageing. Evidence is emerging that several genes and molecular pathways exert a pleiotropic effect on both muscle and bone. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted signal factors belonging to the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily. BMPs have an essential role during bone and cartilage formation and maintenance. Recently, we and others have demonstrated that the BMP pathway also has a role in controlling adult skeletal muscle mass. Thus, BMPs become crucial regulators of both bone and muscle formation and homeostasis. In this review we will discuss the signalling downstream BMP and its role in muscle-bone interaction. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Muscle Bone Interactions".
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Sartori
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Marco Sandri
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Its Relationship with Sites of Fragility Fractures in Elderly Chinese Men and Women. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138102. [PMID: 26367872 PMCID: PMC4569344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Sarcopenia might be associated with bone fragility in elderly individuals. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with fragility fracture sites in elderly Chinese patients. Methods Patients (322 men and 435 women) aged 65–94 years and with a history of fragility fractures in the ankle, wrist, vertebrae or hip, and healthy men (n = 1263) and women (n = 1057) aged 65–92 years without a history of fractures were enrolled. Whole-body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to analyze skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), fat mass and bone mineral density. Sarcopenia was defined as SMI less than two standard deviations below the mean of a young reference group. Results Sarcopenia occurrence varied with fracture location. Sarcopenia was more common in females with vertebral and hip fractures and in men with hip and ankle fractures than in the non-fracture group). Sarcopenia was significantly more prevalent in men with wrist, hip and ankle fractures than in women. SMI was correlated with BMD in different fracture groups. Logistic regression analyses revealed that lower SMI was associated with an increased risk of hip fracture both in men and women and ankle fracture in men. Discussion Sarcopenia may be an independent risk factor for hip and ankle fractures in men, and for hip fractures in women.
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49
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The relationship between lower limb bone and muscle in military recruits, response to physical training, and influence of smoking status. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9323. [PMID: 25792356 PMCID: PMC4366847 DOI: 10.1038/srep09323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between bone and skeletal muscle mass may be affected by physical training. No studies have prospectively examined the bone and skeletal muscle responses to a short controlled exercise-training programme. We hypothesised that a short exercise-training period would affect muscle and bone mass together. Methods: Femoral bone and Rectus femoris Volumes (RFVOL) were determined by magnetic resonance imaging in 215 healthy army recruits, and bone mineral density (BMD) by Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and repeated after 12 weeks of regulated physical training. Results: Pre-training, RFVOL was smaller in smokers than non-smokers (100.9 ± 20.2 vs. 108.7 ± 24.5, p = 0.018; 96.2 ± 16.9 vs. 104.8 ± 21.3, p = 0.002 for dominant/non-dominant limbs), although increases in RFVOL with training (of 14.2 ± 14.5% and 13.2 ± 15.6%] respectively, p < 0.001) were independent of prior smoking status. Pre-training RFVOL was related to bone cortical volume (r2 = 0.21 and 0.30, p < 0.001 for dominant and non-dominant legs), and specifically to periosteal (r2 = 0.21 and 0.23, p < 0.001) volume. Pre-training dominant RFVOL was independently associated with Total Hip BMD (p < 0.001). Training-related increases in RFVOL and bone volumes were related. Whilst smokers demonstrated lower muscle mass than non-smokers, differences were abolished with training. Training-related increases in muscle mass were related to increases in periosteal bone volume in both dominant and non-dominant legs.
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50
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Kawao N, Kaji H. Interactions Between Muscle Tissues and Bone Metabolism. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:687-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine; Kinki University Faculty of Medicine; Osakasayama Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine; Kinki University Faculty of Medicine; Osakasayama Japan
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