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Szwaj M, Davidson IA, Johnson PB, Jasion G, Jung Y, Sandoghchi SR, Herdzik KP, Bourdakos KN, Wheeler NV, Mulvad HC, Richardson DJ, Poletti F, Mahajan S. Double-Clad Antiresonant Hollow-Core Fiber and Its Comparison with Other Fibers for Multiphoton Micro-Endoscopy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2482. [PMID: 38676099 PMCID: PMC11054428 DOI: 10.3390/s24082482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Label-free and multiphoton micro-endoscopy can transform clinical histopathology by providing an in situ tool for diagnostic imaging and surgical treatment in diseases such as cancer. Key to a multiphoton imaging-based micro-endoscopic device is the optical fiber, for distortion-free and efficient delivery of ultra-short laser pulses to the sample and effective signal collection. In this work, we study a new hollow-core (air-filled) double-clad anti-resonant fiber (DC-ARF) as a high-performance candidate for multiphoton micro-endoscopy. We compare the fiber characteristics of the DC-ARF with a single-clad anti-resonant fiber (SC-ARF) and a solid core fiber (SCF). In this work, while the DC-ARF and the SC-ARF enable low-loss (<0.2 dBm-1), close to dispersion-free excitation pulse delivery (<10% pulse width increase at 900 nm per 1 m fiber) without any induced non-linearities, the SCF resulted in spectral broadening and pulse-stretching (>2000% of pulse width increase at 900 nm per 1 m fiber). An ideal optical fiber endoscope needs to be several meters long and should enable both excitation and collection through the fiber. Therefore, we performed multiphoton imaging on endoscopy-compatible 1 m and 3 m lengths of fiber in the back-scattered geometry, wherein the signals were collected either directly (non-descanned detection) or through the fiber (descanned detection). Second harmonic images were collected from barium titanate crystals as well as from biological samples (mouse tail tendon). In non-descanned detection conditions, the ARFs outperformed the SCF by up to 10 times in terms of signal-to-noise ratio of images. Significantly, only the DC-ARF, due to its high numerical aperture (NA) of 0.45 and wide-collection bandwidth (>1 µm), could provide images in the de-scanned detection configuration desirable for endoscopy. Thus, our systematic characterization and comparison of different optical fibers under different image collection configurations, confirms and establishes the utility of DC-ARFs for high-performing label-free multiphoton imaging-based micro-endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzanna Szwaj
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Ian A. Davidson
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Peter B. Johnson
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Greg Jasion
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Yongmin Jung
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Seyed Reza Sandoghchi
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Krzysztof P. Herdzik
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Konstantinos N. Bourdakos
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Natalie V. Wheeler
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Hans Christian Mulvad
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - David J. Richardson
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Francesco Poletti
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Sumeet Mahajan
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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2
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Bae H, Rodewald M, Meyer-Zedler T, Bocklitz TW, Matz G, Messerschmidt B, Press AT, Bauer M, Guntinas-Lichius O, Stallmach A, Schmitt M, Popp J. Feasibility studies of multimodal nonlinear endoscopy using multicore fiber bundles for remote scanning from tissue sections to bulk organs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13779. [PMID: 37612362 PMCID: PMC10447453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report on the development and application of a compact multi-core fiber optical probe for multimodal non-linear imaging, combining the label-free modalities of Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering, Second Harmonic Generation, and Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence. Probes of this multi-core fiber design avoid moving and voltage-carrying parts at the distal end, thus providing promising improved compatibility with clinical requirements over competing implementations. The performance characteristics of the probe are established using thin cryo-sections and artificial targets before the applicability to clinically relevant samples is evaluated using ex vivo bulk human and porcine intestine tissues. After image reconstruction to counteract the data's inherently pixelated nature, the recorded images show high image quality and morpho-chemical conformity on the tissue level compared to multimodal non-linear images obtained with a laser-scanning microscope using a standard microscope objective. Furthermore, a simple yet effective reconstruction procedure is presented and demonstrated to yield satisfactory results. Finally, a clear pathway for further developments to facilitate a translation of the multimodal fiber probe into real-world clinical evaluation and application is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonsoo Bae
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz IPHT), Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), PO Box 100239, 07702, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Marko Rodewald
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz IPHT), Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), PO Box 100239, 07702, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Meyer-Zedler
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz IPHT), Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), PO Box 100239, 07702, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas W Bocklitz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Gregor Matz
- GRINTECH GmbH, Schillerstraße 1, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Adrian T Press
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Kastanienstr. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Orlando Guntinas-Lichius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Stallmach
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Juergen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz IPHT), Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), PO Box 100239, 07702, Jena, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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Wang X, Zhang D, Zhang X, Xing Y, Wu J, Sui X, Huang X, Chang G, Li L. Application of Multiphoton Microscopic Imaging in Study of Gastric Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221133244. [DOI: 10.1177/15330338221133244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) imaging relies on the nonlinear interaction between ultrashort optical pulses and the samples to achieve image contrast. Featuring larger penetration depth, less phototoxicity, 3-dimensional sectioning capability, no need for labeling, MPM become a powerful medical imaging technique that can identify structural characteristics of tissues at the cellular and subcellular levels. In this review paper, we introduce the working principle of MPM imaging, present the current results of MPM imaging applied to the study of gastric tumors, and discuss the future prospects of this interdisciplinary research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Ningxia Jingyuan County People's Hospital, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Yuting Xing
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jihua Wu
- Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinke Sui
- Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Chang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianyong Li
- Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
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Roesl C, Evans ER, Dissanayake KN, Boczonadi V, Jones RA, Jordan GR, Ledahawsky L, Allen GCC, Scott M, Thomson A, Wishart TM, Hughes DI, Mead RJ, Shone CC, Slater CR, Gillingwater TH, Skehel PA, Ribchester RR. Confocal Endomicroscopy of Neuromuscular Junctions Stained with Physiologically Inert Protein Fragments of Tetanus Toxin. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1499. [PMID: 34680132 PMCID: PMC8534034 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Live imaging of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in situ has been constrained by the suitability of ligands for inert vital staining of motor nerve terminals. Here, we constructed several truncated derivatives of the tetanus toxin C-fragment (TetC) fused with Emerald Fluorescent Protein (emGFP). Four constructs, namely full length emGFP-TetC (emGFP-865:TetC) or truncations comprising amino acids 1066-1315 (emGFP-1066:TetC), 1093-1315 (emGFP-1093:TetC) and 1109-1315 (emGFP-1109:TetC), produced selective, high-contrast staining of motor nerve terminals in rodent or human muscle explants. Isometric tension and intracellular recordings of endplate potentials from mouse muscles indicated that neither full-length nor truncated emGFP-TetC constructs significantly impaired NMJ function or transmission. Motor nerve terminals stained with emGFP-TetC constructs were readily visualised in situ or in isolated preparations using fibre-optic confocal endomicroscopy (CEM). emGFP-TetC derivatives and CEM also visualised regenerated NMJs. Dual-waveband CEM imaging of preparations co-stained with fluorescent emGFP-TetC constructs and Alexa647-α-bungarotoxin resolved innervated from denervated NMJs in axotomized WldS mouse muscle and degenerating NMJs in transgenic SOD1G93A mouse muscle. Our findings highlight the region of the TetC fragment required for selective binding and visualisation of motor nerve terminals and show that fluorescent derivatives of TetC are suitable for in situ morphological and physiological characterisation of healthy, injured and diseased NMJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Roesl
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and the Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK; (C.R.); (K.N.D.); (R.A.J.); (G.R.J.); (L.L.); (G.C.C.A.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (T.H.G.)
| | - Elizabeth R. Evans
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK; (E.R.E.); (C.C.S.)
| | - Kosala N. Dissanayake
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and the Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK; (C.R.); (K.N.D.); (R.A.J.); (G.R.J.); (L.L.); (G.C.C.A.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (T.H.G.)
| | - Veronika Boczonadi
- Applied Neuromuscular Junction Facility, Bio-Imaging Unit, Biosciences Institute, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (V.B.); (C.R.S.)
| | - Ross A. Jones
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and the Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK; (C.R.); (K.N.D.); (R.A.J.); (G.R.J.); (L.L.); (G.C.C.A.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (T.H.G.)
| | - Graeme R. Jordan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and the Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK; (C.R.); (K.N.D.); (R.A.J.); (G.R.J.); (L.L.); (G.C.C.A.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (T.H.G.)
| | - Leire Ledahawsky
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and the Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK; (C.R.); (K.N.D.); (R.A.J.); (G.R.J.); (L.L.); (G.C.C.A.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (T.H.G.)
| | - Guy C. C. Allen
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and the Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK; (C.R.); (K.N.D.); (R.A.J.); (G.R.J.); (L.L.); (G.C.C.A.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (T.H.G.)
| | - Molly Scott
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and the Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK; (C.R.); (K.N.D.); (R.A.J.); (G.R.J.); (L.L.); (G.C.C.A.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (T.H.G.)
| | - Alanna Thomson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and the Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK; (C.R.); (K.N.D.); (R.A.J.); (G.R.J.); (L.L.); (G.C.C.A.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (T.H.G.)
| | - Thomas M. Wishart
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK;
| | - David I. Hughes
- Spinal Cord Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
| | - Richard J. Mead
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK;
| | - Clifford C. Shone
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK; (E.R.E.); (C.C.S.)
| | - Clarke R. Slater
- Applied Neuromuscular Junction Facility, Bio-Imaging Unit, Biosciences Institute, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (V.B.); (C.R.S.)
| | - Thomas H. Gillingwater
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and the Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK; (C.R.); (K.N.D.); (R.A.J.); (G.R.J.); (L.L.); (G.C.C.A.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (T.H.G.)
| | - Paul A. Skehel
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and the Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK; (C.R.); (K.N.D.); (R.A.J.); (G.R.J.); (L.L.); (G.C.C.A.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (T.H.G.)
| | - Richard R. Ribchester
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and the Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK; (C.R.); (K.N.D.); (R.A.J.); (G.R.J.); (L.L.); (G.C.C.A.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (T.H.G.)
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5
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Li J, Liu J, Wang Y, He Y, Liu K, Raghunathan R, Shen SS, He T, Yu X, Danforth R, Zheng F, Zhao H, Wong STC. Artificial intelligence-augmented, label-free molecular imaging method for tissue identification, cancer diagnosis, and cancer margin detection. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:5559-5582. [PMID: 34692201 PMCID: PMC8515981 DOI: 10.1364/boe.428738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Label-free high-resolution molecular and cellular imaging strategies for intraoperative use are much needed, but not yet available. To fill this void, we developed an artificial intelligence-augmented molecular vibrational imaging method that integrates label-free and subcellular-resolution coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering (CARS) imaging with real-time quantitative image analysis via deep learning (artificial intelligence-augmented CARS or iCARS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of the iCARS system to identify and differentiate the parathyroid gland and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) from surrounding tissues and detect cancer margins. This goal was successfully met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasong Li
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Breast-thyroid-vascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 201620, Shanghai, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Breast-thyroid-vascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 201620, Shanghai, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yunjie He
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Raksha Raghunathan
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Steven S. Shen
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tiancheng He
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rebecca Danforth
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Feibi Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephen T. C. Wong
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Yang K, Zheng S, Wu Y, Ye P, Huang K, Hao Q, Zeng H. Low-repetition-rate all-fiber integrated optical parametric oscillator for coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:17519-17528. [PMID: 30119563 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.017519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
All-fiber optical parametric oscillator (OPO), offering advantages like robustness, compactness and low lost, has attracted intense interest in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy. In typical fiber-based OPO configurations, detrimental nonlinear effects due to intense pump field in fiber coupling devices would inevitably degrade the spectral purity and conversion efficiency, especially when the OPO operated at low repetition rates. Here we demonstrated a new OPO design by placing the main amplifier inside the cavity, where the amplified pump pulses were directly coupled into the nonlinear fiber. Consequently, lower threshold, higher output power and narrower spectrum were obtained. In particular, effective suppression of spectral noise was experimentally observed, resulting in threshold reductions of 37.5%, 17.2%, and 5.2% with a comparison to a conventional OPO operating at repetition rates of 1, 2 and 3 MHz, respectively. Furthermore, the generated synchronized two-color laser sources at a low repetition rate were then employed to detect CH vibrational bands in an ethanol sample. This spectral tailored cavity design is expected to greatly promote the spread of compact all-fiber laser source to nonlinear biomedical imaging.
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7
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Hirose K, Aoki T, Furukawa T, Fukushima S, Niioka H, Deguchi S, Hashimoto M. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering rigid endoscope toward robot-assisted surgery. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:387-396. [PMID: 29552380 PMCID: PMC5854045 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Label-free visualization of nerves and nervous plexuses will improve the preservation of neurological functions in nerve-sparing robot-assisted surgery. We have developed a coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) rigid endoscope to distinguish nerves from other tissues during surgery. The developed endoscope, which has a tube with a diameter of 12 mm and a length of 270 mm, achieved 0.91% image distortion and 8.6% non-uniformity of CARS intensity in the whole field of view (650 μm diameter). We demonstrated CARS imaging of a rat sciatic nerve and visualization of the fine structure of nerve fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Hirose
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
| | - T. Aoki
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
| | - T. Furukawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama,
Japan
| | - S. Fukushima
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
| | - H. Niioka
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
| | - S. Deguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
| | - M. Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido,
Japan
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8
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Lombardini A, Mytskaniuk V, Sivankutty S, Andresen ER, Chen X, Wenger J, Fabert M, Joly N, Louradour F, Kudlinski A, Rigneault H. High-resolution multimodal flexible coherent Raman endoscope. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:10. [PMID: 30839624 PMCID: PMC6107025 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-018-0003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Coherent Raman scattering microscopy is a fast, label-free, and chemically specific imaging technique that shows high potential for future in vivo optical histology. However, the imaging depth in tissues is limited to the sub-millimeter range because of absorption and scattering. Realization of coherent Raman imaging using a fiber endoscope system is a crucial step towards imaging deep inside living tissues and providing information that is inaccessible with current microscopy tools. Until now, the development of coherent Raman endoscopy has been hampered by several issues, mainly related to the fiber delivery of the excitation pulses and signal collection. Here, we present a flexible, compact, coherent Raman, and multimodal nonlinear endoscope (4.2 mm outer diameter, 71 mm rigid length) based on a resonantly scanned hollow-core Kagomé-lattice double-clad fiber. The fiber design enables distortion-less, background-free delivery of femtosecond excitation pulses and back-collection of nonlinear signals through the same fiber. Sub-micrometer spatial resolution over a large field of view is obtained by combination of a miniature objective lens with a silica microsphere lens inserted into the fiber core. We demonstrate high-resolution, high-contrast coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, and second harmonic generation endoscopic imaging of biological tissues over a field of view of 320 µm at a rate of 0.8 frames per second. These results pave the way for intraoperative label-free imaging applied to real-time histopathology diagnosis and surgery guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Lombardini
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Vasyl Mytskaniuk
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Siddharth Sivankutty
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Esben Ravn Andresen
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, UMR 8523, CNRS, Université Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Jérôme Wenger
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Fabert
- CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, Université de Limoges, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Nicolas Joly
- Department of Physics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, University of Erlangen Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Alexandre Kudlinski
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, UMR 8523, CNRS, Université Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Hervé Rigneault
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
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9
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Weng S, Xu X, Li J, Wong STC. Combining deep learning and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering imaging for automated differential diagnosis of lung cancer. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-10. [PMID: 29086544 PMCID: PMC5661703 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.10.106017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) is capable of providing cellular-level images and resolving pathologically related features on human lung tissues. However, conventional means of analyzing CARS images requires extensive image processing, feature engineering, and human intervention. This study demonstrates the feasibility of applying a deep learning algorithm to automatically differentiate normal and cancerous lung tissue images acquired by CARS. We leverage the features learned by pretrained deep neural networks and retrain the model using CARS images as the input. We achieve 89.2% accuracy in classifying normal, small-cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma lung images. This computational method is a step toward on-the-spot diagnosis of lung cancer and can be further strengthened by the efforts aimed at miniaturizing the CARS technique for fiber-based microendoscopic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Weng
- Translational Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Rice University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Translational Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Jiasong Li
- Translational Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Stephen T. C. Wong
- Translational Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Rice University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Stephen T. C. Wong, E-mail:
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10
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Weng S, Chen X, Xu X, Wong KK, Wong STC. Dual CARS and SHG image acquisition scheme that combines single central fiber and multimode fiber bundle to collect and differentiate backward and forward generated photons. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:2202-18. [PMID: 27375938 PMCID: PMC4918576 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.002202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging, backward and forward generated photons exhibit different image patterns and thus capture salient intrinsic information of tissues from different perspectives. However, they are often mixed in collection using traditional image acquisition methods and thus are hard to interpret. We developed a multimodal scheme using a single central fiber and multimode fiber bundle to simultaneously collect and differentiate images formed by these two types of photons and evaluated the scheme in an endomicroscopy prototype. The ratio of these photons collected was calculated for the characterization of tissue regions with strong or weak epi-photon generation while different image patterns of these photons at different tissue depths were revealed. This scheme provides a new approach to extract and integrate information captured by backward and forward generated photons in dual CARS/SHG imaging synergistically for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Weng
- Translational Biophotonics Lab, Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Xu Chen
- Translational Biophotonics Lab, Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Translational Biophotonics Lab, Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kelvin K. Wong
- Translational Biophotonics Lab, Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Stephen T. C. Wong
- Translational Biophotonics Lab, Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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11
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Towards monitoring dysplastic progression in the oral cavity using a hybrid fiber-bundle imaging and spectroscopy probe. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26734. [PMID: 27220821 PMCID: PMC4879668 DOI: 10.1038/srep26734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraepithelial dysplasia of the oral mucosa typically originates in the proliferative cell layer at the basement membrane and extends to the upper epithelial layers as the disease progresses. Detection of malignancies typically occurs upon visual inspection by non-specialists at a late-stage. In this manuscript, we validate a quantitative hybrid imaging and spectroscopy microendoscope to monitor dysplastic progression within the oral cavity microenvironment in a phantom and pre-clinical study. We use an empirical model to quantify optical properties and sampling depth from sub-diffuse reflectance spectra (450–750 nm) at two source-detector separations (374 and 730 μm). Average errors in recovering reduced scattering (5–26 cm−1) and absorption coefficients (0–10 cm−1) in hemoglobin-based phantoms were approximately 2% and 6%, respectively. Next, a 300 μm-thick phantom tumor model was used to validate the probe’s ability to monitor progression of a proliferating optical heterogeneity. Finally, the technique was demonstrated on 13 healthy volunteers and volume-averaged optical coefficients, scattering exponent, hemoglobin concentration, oxygen saturation, and sampling depth are presented alongside a high-resolution microendoscopy image of oral mucosa from one volunteer. This multimodal microendoscopy approach encompasses both structural and spectroscopic reporters of perfusion within the tissue microenvironment and can potentially be used to monitor tumor response to therapy.
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12
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Greening GJ, James HM, Powless AJ, Hutcheson JA, Dierks MK, Rajaram N, Muldoon TJ. Fiber-bundle microendoscopy with sub-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and intensity mapping for multimodal optical biopsy of stratified epithelium. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:4934-50. [PMID: 26713207 PMCID: PMC4679267 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.004934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of structural or functional changes in dysplastic epithelia may be crucial for improving long-term patient care. Recent work has explored myriad non-invasive or minimally invasive "optical biopsy" techniques for diagnosing early dysplasia, such as high-resolution microendoscopy, a method to resolve sub-cellular features of apical epithelia, as well as broadband sub-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, a method that evaluates bulk health of a small volume of tissue. We present a multimodal fiber-based microendoscopy technique that combines high-resolution microendoscopy, broadband (450-750 nm) sub-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (sDRS) at two discrete source-detector separations (374 and 730 μm), and sub-diffuse reflectance intensity mapping (sDRIM) using a 635 nm laser. Spatial resolution, magnification, field-of-view, and sampling frequency were determined. Additionally, the ability of the sDRS modality to extract optical properties over a range of depths is reported. Following this, proof-of-concept experiments were performed on tissue-simulating phantoms made with poly(dimethysiloxane) as a substrate material with cultured MDA-MB-468 cells. Then, all modalities were demonstrated on a human melanocytic nevus from a healthy volunteer and on resected colonic tissue from a murine model. Qualitative in vivo image data is correlated with reduced scattering and absorption coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gage J. Greening
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701,
USA
| | - Haley M. James
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701,
USA
| | - Amy J. Powless
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701,
USA
| | - Joshua A. Hutcheson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701,
USA
| | - Mary K. Dierks
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701,
USA
| | - Narasimhan Rajaram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701,
USA
| | - Timothy J. Muldoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701,
USA
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