1
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Szczypkowski P, Pawlowska M, Lapkiewicz R. 3D super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging with temporal focusing two-photon excitation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:4381-4389. [PMID: 39022538 PMCID: PMC11249675 DOI: 10.1364/boe.523430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
3D super-resolution fluorescence microscopy typically requires sophisticated setups, sample preparation, or long measurements. A notable exception, SOFI, only requires recording a sequence of frames and no hardware modifications whatsoever but being a wide-field method, it faces problems in thick, dense samples. We combine SOFI with temporal focusing two-photon excitation - the wide-field method that is capable of exciting a thin slice in 3D volume. Temporal focusing is simple to implement whenever the excitation path of the microscope can be accessed. The implementation of SOFI is straightforward. By merging these two methods, we obtain super-resolved 3D images of neurons stained with quantum dots. Our approach offers reduced bleaching of out-of-focus fluorescent probes and an improved signal-to-background ratio that can be used when robust resolution improvement is required in thick, dense samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Szczypkowski
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Monika Pawlowska
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Pasteura 3, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Radek Lapkiewicz
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
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2
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Chen LW, Lu SY, Hsu FC, Lin CY, Chiang AS, Chen SJ. Deep-computer-generated holography with temporal-focusing and a digital propagation matrix for rapid 3D multiphoton stimulation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:2321-2332. [PMID: 38297765 DOI: 10.1364/oe.505956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Deep learning-based computer-generated holography (DeepCGH) has the ability to generate three-dimensional multiphoton stimulation nearly 1,000 times faster than conventional CGH approaches such as the Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) iterative algorithm. However, existing DeepCGH methods cannot achieve axial confinement at the several-micron scale. Moreover, they suffer from an extended inference time as the number of stimulation locations at different depths (i.e., the number of input layers in the neural network) increases. Accordingly, this study proposes an unsupervised U-Net DeepCGH model enhanced with temporal focusing (TF), which currently achieves an axial resolution of around 5 µm. The proposed model employs a digital propagation matrix (DPM) in the data preprocessing stage, which enables stimulation at arbitrary depth locations and reduces the computation time by more than 35%. Through physical constraint learning using an improved loss function related to the TF excitation efficiency, the axial resolution and excitation intensity of the proposed TF-DeepCGH with DPM rival that of the optimal GS with TF method but with a greatly increased computational efficiency.
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3
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Image improvement of temporal focusing multiphoton microscopy via superior spatial modulation excitation and Hilbert-Huang transform decomposition. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10079. [PMID: 35710746 PMCID: PMC9203560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal focusing-based multiphoton excitation microscopy (TFMPEM) just provides the advantage of widefield optical sectioning ability with axial resolution of several micrometers. However, under the plane excitation, the photons emitted from the molecules in turbid tissues undergo scattering, resulting in complicated background noise and an impaired widefield image quality. Accordingly, this study constructs a general and comprehensive numerical model of TFMPEM utilizing Fourier optics and performs simulations to determine the superior spatial frequency and orientation of the structured pattern which maximize the axial excitation confinement. It is shown experimentally that the optimized pattern minimizes the intensity of the out-of-focus signal, and hence improves the quality of the image reconstructed using the Hilbert transform (HT). However, the square-like reflection components on digital micromirror device leads to pattern residuals in the demodulated image when applying high spatial frequency of structured pattern. Accordingly, the HT is replaced with Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) in order to sift out the low-frequency background noise and pattern residuals in the demodulation process. The experimental results obtained using a kidney tissue sample show that the HHT yields a significant improvement in the TFMPEM image quality.
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4
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Zhong Q, Li A, Jin R, Zhang D, Li X, Jia X, Ding Z, Luo P, Zhou C, Jiang C, Feng Z, Zhang Z, Gong H, Yuan J, Luo Q. High-definition imaging using line-illumination modulation microscopy. Nat Methods 2021; 18:309-315. [PMID: 33649587 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The microscopic visualization of large-scale three-dimensional (3D) samples by optical microscopy requires overcoming challenges in imaging quality and speed and in big data acquisition and management. We report a line-illumination modulation (LiMo) technique for imaging thick tissues with high throughput and low background. Combining LiMo with thin tissue sectioning, we further develop a high-definition fluorescent micro-optical sectioning tomography (HD-fMOST) method that features an average signal-to-noise ratio of 110, leading to substantial improvement in neuronal morphology reconstruction. We achieve a >30-fold lossless data compression at a voxel resolution of 0.32 × 0.32 × 1.00 μm3, enabling online data storage to a USB drive or in the cloud, and high-precision (95% accuracy) brain-wide 3D cell counting in real time. These results highlight the potential of HD-fMOST to facilitate large-scale acquisition and analysis of whole-brain high-resolution datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyuan Zhong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou, China
| | - Anan Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dejie Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangning Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou, China
| | - Xueyan Jia
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhangheng Ding
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou, China
| | - Pan Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Zhou
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenyu Jiang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Feng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. .,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. .,HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou, China.
| | - Qingming Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. .,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. .,HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou, China. .,School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
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5
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Zhuang C, Li X, Zhang Y, Kong L, Xie H, Dai Q. Photobleaching Imprinting Enhanced Background Rejection in Line-Scanning Temporal Focusing Microscopy. Front Chem 2021; 8:618131. [PMID: 33392156 PMCID: PMC7773834 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.618131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with two-photon point-scanning microscopy, two-photon temporal focusing microscopy (2pTFM) provides a parallel high-speed imaging strategy with optical sectioning capability. Owing to out-of-focus fluorescence induced by scattering, 2pTFM suffers deteriorated signal-to-background ratio (SBR) for deep imaging in turbid tissue, Here, we utilized the photobleaching property of fluorophore to eliminate out-of-focus fluorescence. According to different decay rates in different focal depth, we extract the in-focus signals out of backgrounds through time-lapse images. We analyzed the theoretical foundations of photobleaching imprinting of the line-scanning temporal focusing microscopy, simulated implementation for background rejection, and demonstrated the contrast enhancement in MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cells and cleared Thy1-YFP mouse brains. More than 50% of total background light rejection was achieved, providing higher SBR images of the MCF-10A samples and mouse brains. The photobleaching imprinting method can be easily adapted to other fluorescence dyes or proteins, which may have application in studies involving relatively large and nontransparent organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Zhuang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanlong Zhang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjie Kong
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qionghai Dai
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing, China.,Institute for Brain and Cognitive Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Intelligence, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing, China
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6
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Chang CY, Lin CY, Hu YY, Tsai SF, Hsu FC, Chen SJ. Temporal focusing multiphoton microscopy with optimized parallel multiline scanning for fast biotissue imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-200171RR. [PMID: 33386708 PMCID: PMC7778456 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.1.016501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Line scanning-based temporal focusing multiphoton microscopy (TFMPM) has superior axial excitation confinement (AEC) compared to conventional widefield TFMPM, but the frame rate is limited due to the limitation of the single line-to-line scanning mechanism. The development of the multiline scanning-based TFMPM requires only eight multiline patterns for full-field uniform multiphoton excitation and it still maintains superior AEC. AIM The optimized parallel multiline scanning TFMPM is developed, and the performance is verified with theoretical simulation. The system provides a sharp AEC equivalent to the line scanning-based TFMPM, but fewer scans are required. APPROACH A digital micromirror device is integrated in the TFMPM system and generates the multiline pattern for excitation. Based on the result of single-line pattern with sharp AEC, we can further model the multiline pattern to find the best structure that has the highest duty cycle together with the best AEC performance. RESULTS The AEC is experimentally improved to 1.7 μm from the 3.5 μm of conventional TFMPM. The adopted multiline pattern is akin to a pulse-width-modulation pattern with a spatial period of four times the diffraction-limited line width. In other words, ideally only four π / 2 spatial phase-shift scans are required to form a full two-dimensional image with superior AEC instead of image-size-dependent line-to-line scanning. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the developed parallel multiline scanning-based TFMPM has the multiline pattern for sharp AEC and the least scans required for full-field uniform excitation. In the experimental results, the temporal focusing-based multiphoton images of disordered biotissue of mouse skin with improved axial resolution due to the near-theoretical limit AEC are shown to clearly reduce background scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yuan Chang
- National Cheng Kung University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yun Lin
- National Chiao Tung University, College of Photonics, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yvonne Y. Hu
- National Cheng Kung University, Department of Photonics, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Tsai
- National Cheng Kung University, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chun Hsu
- National Chiao Tung University, College of Photonics, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shean-Jen Chen
- National Chiao Tung University, College of Photonics, Tainan, Taiwan
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7
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Papagiakoumou E, Ronzitti E, Emiliani V. Scanless two-photon excitation with temporal focusing. Nat Methods 2020; 17:571-581. [PMID: 32284609 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-0795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Temporal focusing, with its ability to focus light in time, enables scanless illumination of large surface areas at the sample with micrometer axial confinement and robust propagation through scattering tissue. In conventional two-photon microscopy, widely used for the investigation of intact tissue in live animals, images are formed by point scanning of a spatially focused pulsed laser beam, resulting in limited temporal resolution of the excitation. Replacing point scanning with temporally focused widefield illumination removes this limitation and represents an important milestone in two-photon microscopy. Temporal focusing uses a diffusive or dispersive optical element placed in a plane conjugate to the objective focal plane to generate position-dependent temporal pulse broadening that enables axially confined multiphoton absorption, without the need for tight spatial focusing. Many techniques have benefitted from temporal focusing, including scanless imaging, super-resolution imaging, photolithography, uncaging of caged neurotransmitters and control of neuronal activity via optogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Papagiakoumou
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Photonics Department, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne University, Inserm S968, CNRS UMR7210, Fondation Voir et Entendre, Paris, France
| | - Emiliano Ronzitti
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Photonics Department, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne University, Inserm S968, CNRS UMR7210, Fondation Voir et Entendre, Paris, France
| | - Valentina Emiliani
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Photonics Department, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne University, Inserm S968, CNRS UMR7210, Fondation Voir et Entendre, Paris, France.
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8
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Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy has long been a valuable tool for biological and medical imaging. Control of optical parameters such as the amplitude, phase, polarization and propagation angle of light gives fluorescence imaging great capabilities ranging from super-resolution imaging to long-term real-time observation of living organisms. In this review, we discuss current fluorescence imaging techniques in terms of the use of tailored or structured light for the sample illumination and fluorescence detection, providing a clear overview of their working principles and capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialei Tang
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jinhan Ren
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Kyu Young Han
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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9
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Weisenburger S, Tejera F, Demas J, Chen B, Manley J, Sparks FT, Martínez Traub F, Daigle T, Zeng H, Losonczy A, Vaziri A. Volumetric Ca 2+ Imaging in the Mouse Brain Using Hybrid Multiplexed Sculpted Light Microscopy. Cell 2019; 177:1050-1066.e14. [PMID: 30982596 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium imaging using two-photon scanning microscopy has become an essential tool in neuroscience. However, in its typical implementation, the tradeoffs between fields of view, acquisition speeds, and depth restrictions in scattering brain tissue pose severe limitations. Here, using an integrated systems-wide optimization approach combined with multiple technical innovations, we introduce a new design paradigm for optical microscopy based on maximizing biological information while maintaining the fidelity of obtained neuron signals. Our modular design utilizes hybrid multi-photon acquisition and allows volumetric recording of neuroactivity at single-cell resolution within up to 1 × 1 × 1.22 mm volumes at up to 17 Hz in awake behaving mice. We establish the capabilities and potential of the different configurations of our imaging system at depth and across brain regions by applying it to in vivo recording of up to 12,000 neurons in mouse auditory cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried Weisenburger
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frank Tejera
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Demas
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brandon Chen
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason Manley
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fraser T Sparks
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Tanya Daigle
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Attila Losonczy
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alipasha Vaziri
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria; The Kavli Neural Systems Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Lou K, Wang B, Jee AY, Granick S, Amblard F. Deep line-temporal focusing with high axial resolution and a large field-of-view using intracavity control and incoherent pulse shaping. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:4919-4922. [PMID: 30320783 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.004919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Line-temporal focusing has been recognized as an elegant strategy that provides two-photon microscopy with an effective means for fast imaging through parallelization, together with an improved resilience to scattering for deep imaging. However, the axial resolution remains sub-optimal, except when using high NA objectives and a small field-of-view. With the introduction of an intracavity control of the spectral width of the femtosecond laser to adaptively fill the back aperture of the objective lens, line-temporal focusing two-photon microscopy is demonstrated to reach near-diffraction-limited axial resolution with a large back-aperture objective lens, and improved immunity to sample scattering. In addition, a new incoherent flattop beam shaping method is proposed which provides a uniform contrast with little degradation of the axial resolution along the focus line, even deep in the sample. This is demonstrated in large volumetric imaging of mouse lung samples.
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11
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Escobet-Montalbán A, Spesyvtsev R, Chen M, Saber WA, Andrews M, Herrington CS, Mazilu M, Dholakia K. Wide-field multiphoton imaging through scattering media without correction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaau1338. [PMID: 30333995 PMCID: PMC6184782 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau1338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Optical approaches to fluorescent, spectroscopic, and morphological imaging have made exceptional advances in the last decade. Super-resolution imaging and wide-field multiphoton imaging are now underpinning major advances across the biomedical sciences. While the advances have been startling, the key unmet challenge to date in all forms of optical imaging is to penetrate deeper. A number of schemes implement aberration correction or the use of complex photonics to address this need. In contrast, we approach this challenge by implementing a scheme that requires no a priori information about the medium nor its properties. Exploiting temporal focusing and single-pixel detection in our innovative scheme, we obtain wide-field two-photon images through various turbid media including a scattering phantom and tissue reaching a depth of up to seven scattering mean free path lengths. Our results show that it competes favorably with standard point-scanning two-photon imaging, with up to a fivefold improvement in signal-to-background ratio while showing significantly lower photobleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Escobet-Montalbán
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Roman Spesyvtsev
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Mingzhou Chen
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Wardiya Afshar Saber
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9FT, UK
| | - Melissa Andrews
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - C. Simon Herrington
- CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Michael Mazilu
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Kishan Dholakia
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
- Corresponding author.
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12
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Weisenburger S, Vaziri A. A Guide to Emerging Technologies for Large-Scale and Whole-Brain Optical Imaging of Neuronal Activity. Annu Rev Neurosci 2018; 41:431-452. [PMID: 29709208 PMCID: PMC6037565 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-072116-031458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian brain is a densely interconnected network that consists of millions to billions of neurons. Decoding how information is represented and processed by this neural circuitry requires the ability to capture and manipulate the dynamics of large populations at high speed and high resolution over a large area of the brain. Although the use of optical approaches by the neuroscience community has rapidly increased over the past two decades, most microscopy approaches are unable to record the activity of all neurons comprising a functional network across the mammalian brain at relevant temporal and spatial resolutions. In this review, we survey the recent development in optical technologies for Ca2+ imaging in this regard and provide an overview of the strengths and limitations of each modality and its potential for scalability. We provide guidance from the perspective of a biological user driven by the typical biological applications and sample conditions. We also discuss the potential for future advances and synergies that could be obtained through hybrid approaches or other modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried Weisenburger
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Alipasha Vaziri
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Kavli Neural Systems Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, 1030 Vienna, Austria;
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13
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Chang CY, Lin CH, Lin CY, Sie YD, Hu YY, Tsai SF, Chen SJ. Temporal focusing-based widefield multiphoton microscopy with spatially modulated illumination for biotissue imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201600287. [PMID: 28464488 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A developed temporal focusing-based multiphoton excitation microscope (TFMPEM) has a digital micromirror device (DMD) which is adopted not only as a blazed grating for light spatial dispersion but also for patterned illumination simultaneously. Herein, the TFMPEM has been extended to implement spatially modulated illumination at structured frequency and orientation to increase the beam coverage at the back-focal aperture of the objective lens. The axial excitation confinement (AEC) of TFMPEM can be condensed from 3.0 μm to 1.5 μm for a 50 % improvement. By using the TFMPEM with HiLo technique as two structured illuminations at the same spatial frequency but different orientation, reconstructed biotissue images according to the condensed AEC structured illumination are shown obviously superior in contrast and better scattering suppression. Picture: TPEF images of the eosin-stained mouse cerebellar cortex by conventional TFMPEM (left), and the TFMPEM with HiLo technique as 1.09 μm-1 spatially modulated illumination at 90° (center) and 0° (right) orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yuan Chang
- Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Lin
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Da Sie
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yvonne Yuling Hu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shean-Jen Chen
- Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
- College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, 711 Tainan, Taiwan
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14
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Three-dimensional scanless holographic optogenetics with temporal focusing (3D-SHOT). Nat Commun 2017; 8:1228. [PMID: 29089483 PMCID: PMC5663714 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical methods capable of manipulating neural activity with cellular resolution and millisecond precision in three dimensions will accelerate the pace of neuroscience research. Existing approaches for targeting individual neurons, however, fall short of these requirements. Here we present a new multiphoton photo-excitation method, termed three-dimensional scanless holographic optogenetics with temporal focusing (3D-SHOT), which allows precise, simultaneous photo-activation of arbitrary sets of neurons anywhere within the addressable volume of a microscope. This technique uses point-cloud holography to place multiple copies of a temporally focused disc matching the dimensions of a neuron's cell body. Experiments in cultured cells, brain slices, and in living mice demonstrate single-neuron spatial resolution even when optically targeting randomly distributed groups of neurons in 3D. This approach opens new avenues for mapping and manipulating neural circuits, allowing a real-time, cellular resolution interface to the brain.
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15
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Meng Y, Lin W, Li C, Chen SC. Fast two-snapshot structured illumination for temporal focusing microscopy with enhanced axial resolution. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:23109-23121. [PMID: 29041614 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.023109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a new two-snapshot structured light illumination (SLI) reconstruction algorithm for fast image acquisition. The new algorithm, which only requires two mutually π phase-shifted raw structured images, is implemented on a custom-built temporal focusing fluorescence microscope (TFFM) to enhance its axial resolution via a digital micromirror device (DMD). First, the orientation of the modulated sinusoidal fringe patterns is automatically identified via spatial frequency vector detection. Subsequently, the modulated in-focal-plane images are obtained via rotation and subtraction. Lastly, a parallel amplitude demodulation method, derived based on Hilbert transform, is applied to complete the decoding processes. To demonstrate the new SLI algorithm, a TFFM is custom-constructed, where a DMD replaces the generic blazed grating in the system and simultaneously functions as a diffraction grating and a programmable binary mask, generating arbitrary fringe patterns. The experimental results show promising depth-discrimination capability with an axial resolution enhancement factor of 1.25, which matches well with the theoretical estimation, i.e, 1.27. Imaging experiments on pollen grain and mouse kidney samples have been performed. The results indicate that the two-snapshot algorithm presents comparable contrast reconstruction and optical cross-sectioning capability than those adopting the conventional root-mean-square (RMS) reconstruction method. The two-snapshot method can be readily applied to any sinusoidally modulated illumination systems to realize high-speed 3D imaging as less frames are required for each in-focal-plane image restoration, i.e., the image acquisition speed is improved by 2.5 times for any two-photon systems.
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16
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Chien FC, Lien CH, Dai YH. Dual-color dynamic tracking of GM-CSF receptors/JAK2 kinases signaling activation using temporal focusing multiphoton fluorescence excitation and astigmatic imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:30943-30955. [PMID: 26698726 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.030943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The dual-color dynamic particle tracking approach that uses temporal focusing multiphoton fluorescence excitation and two-channel astigmatic imaging is utilized to track molecular trajectories in three dimensions to explore molecular interactions. Images of two fluorophores were obtained to extract their positions by optical sectioning excitation using a fast temporal focusing multiphoton excitation microscope (TFMPEM) and by the simultaneous collection of data in two channels. The presented pair of cylindrical lenses, which was used to adjust the astigmatism effect with the minimum shifting of the imaging plane, was more feasible and flexible than single cylindrical lens for aligning two separate detection channels in astigmatic imaging. The lateral and axial positioning resolutions were observed to be approximately 9-13 nm and 23-30 nm respectively, for the two fluorescence channels. The dynamic movement and binding behavior of clusters of GM-CSF receptors and JAK2 kinases in HeLa cells in the presence of GM-CSF ligands were observed. Therefore, the proposed dual-color tracking strategy is useful for the dynamic study of molecular interactions in living specimens with a fast frame rate, less photobleaching, better penetration depth, and minimum optical trapping force.
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17
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Abstract
Advances in optical manipulation and observation of neural activity have set the stage for widespread implementation of closed-loop and activity-guided optical control of neural circuit dynamics. Closing the loop optogenetically (i.e., basing optogenetic stimulation on simultaneously observed dynamics in a principled way) is a powerful strategy for causal investigation of neural circuitry. In particular, observing and feeding back the effects of circuit interventions on physiologically relevant timescales is valuable for directly testing whether inferred models of dynamics, connectivity, and causation are accurate in vivo. Here we highlight technical and theoretical foundations as well as recent advances and opportunities in this area, and we review in detail the known caveats and limitations of optogenetic experimentation in the context of addressing these challenges with closed-loop optogenetic control in behaving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Grosenick
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - James H Marshel
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
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18
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de Aguiar HB, Gasecka P, Brasselet S. Quantitative analysis of light scattering in polarization-resolved nonlinear microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:8960-8973. [PMID: 25968733 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.008960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polarization resolved nonlinear microscopy (PRNM) is a powerful technique to gain microscopic structural information in biological media. However, deep imaging in a variety of biological specimens is hindered by light scattering phenomena, which not only degrades the image quality but also affects the polarization state purity. In order to quantify this phenomenon and give a framework for polarization resolved microscopy in thick scattering tissues, we develop a characterization methodology based on four wave mixing (FWM) process. More specifically, we take advantage of two unique features of FWM, meaning its ability to produce an intrinsic in-depth local coherent source and its capacity to quantify the presence of light depolarization in isotropic regions inside a sample. By exploring diverse experimental layouts in phantoms with different scattering properties, we study systematically the influence of scattering on the nonlinear excitation and emission processes. The results show that depolarization mechanisms for the nonlinearly generated photons are highly dependent on the scattering center size, the geometry used (epi/forward) and, most importantly, on the thickness of the sample. We show that the use of an un-analyzed detection makes the polarization-dependence read-out highly robust to scattering effects, even in regimes where imaging might be degraded. The effects are illustrated in polarization resolved imaging of myelin lipid organization in mouse spinal cords.
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19
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Rickgauer JP, Deisseroth K, Tank DW. Simultaneous cellular-resolution optical perturbation and imaging of place cell firing fields. Nat Neurosci 2014; 17:1816-24. [PMID: 25402854 PMCID: PMC4459599 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Linking neural microcircuit function to emergent properties of the mammalian brain requires fine-scale manipulation and measurement of neural activity during behavior, where each neuron's coding and dynamics can be characterized. We developed an optical method for simultaneous cellular-resolution stimulation and large-scale recording of neuronal activity in behaving mice. Dual-wavelength two-photon excitation allowed largely independent functional imaging with a green fluorescent calcium sensor (GCaMP3, λ = 920 ± 6 nm) and single-neuron photostimulation with a red-shifted optogenetic probe (C1V1, λ = 1,064 ± 6 nm) in neurons coexpressing the two proteins. We manipulated task-modulated activity in individual hippocampal CA1 place cells during spatial navigation in a virtual reality environment, mimicking natural place-field activity, or 'biasing', to reveal subthreshold dynamics. Notably, manipulating single place-cell activity also affected activity in small groups of other place cells that were active around the same time in the task, suggesting a functional role for local place cell interactions in shaping firing fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Peter Rickgauer
- 1] Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA. [2] Bezos Center for Neural Circuit Dynamics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA. [3] Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA. [4] Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- 1] Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. [2] CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. [3] Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. [4] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - David W Tank
- 1] Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA. [2] Bezos Center for Neural Circuit Dynamics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA. [3] Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA. [4] Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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20
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Rowlands CJ, Wu J, Uzel SGM, Klein O, Evans CL, So PTC. 3D-resolved targeting of photodynamic therapy using temporal focusing. LASER PHYSICS LETTERS 2014; 11:115605. [PMID: 25620902 PMCID: PMC4301304 DOI: 10.1088/1612-2011/11/11/115605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A method for selectively inducing apoptosis in tumor nodules is presented, with close-to-cellular level resolution, using 3D-resolved widefield temporal focusing illumination. Treatment times on the order of seconds were achieved using Verteporfin as the photosensitizer, with doses of 30 μg ml-1 and below. Results were achieved on both 2D and 3D cell cultures, demonstrating that treatment was possible through approximately one hundred microns of dense tumor nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Rowlands
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jackie Wu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sebastien G M Uzel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Oliver Klein
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Conor L Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter T C So
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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21
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Improving femtosecond laser pulse delivery through a hollow core photonic crystal fiber for temporally focused two-photon endomicroscopy. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6626. [PMID: 25316120 PMCID: PMC4894416 DOI: 10.1038/srep06626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present a strategy to improve delivery of femtosecond laser pulses from a regenerative amplifier through a hollow core photonic crystal fiber for temporally focused wide-field two-photon endomicroscopy. For endomicroscope application, wide-field two-photon excitation has the advantage of requiring no scanning in the distal end. However, wide-field two-photon excitation requires peak power that is 10(4)-10(5) times higher than the point scanning approach corresponding to femtosecond pulses with energy on the order of 1-10 μJ at the specimen plane. The transmission of these high energy pulses through a single mode fiber into the microendoscope is a significant challenge. Two approaches were pursued to partially overcome this limitation. First, a single high energy pulse is split into a train of pulses with energy below the fiber damage threshold better utilizing the available laser energy. Second, stretching the pulse width in time by introducing negative dispersion was shown to have the dual benefit of reducing fiber damage probability and compensating for the positive group velocity dispersion induced by the fiber. With these strategy applied, 11 fold increase in the two photon excitation signal has been demonstrated.
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22
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So PTC, Yew EYS, Rowlands C. High-throughput nonlinear optical microscopy. Biophys J 2014; 105:2641-54. [PMID: 24359736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-resolution microscopy methods based on different nonlinear optical (NLO) contrast mechanisms are finding numerous applications in biology and medicine. While the basic implementations of these microscopy methods are relatively mature, an important direction of continuing technological innovation lies in improving the throughput of these systems. Throughput improvement is expected to be important for studying fast kinetic processes, for enabling clinical diagnosis and treatment, and for extending the field of image informatics. This review will provide an overview of the fundamental limitations on NLO microscopy throughput. We will further cover several important classes of high-throughput NLO microscope designs with discussions on their strengths and weaknesses and their key biomedical applications. Finally, this review will close with a perspective of potential future technological improvements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T C So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; BioSyM Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Elijah Y S Yew
- BioSyM Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher Rowlands
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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23
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Hybrid multiphoton volumetric functional imaging of large-scale bioengineered neuronal networks. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3997. [PMID: 24898000 PMCID: PMC4113029 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Planar neural networks and interfaces serve as versatile in vitro models of central nervous system physiology, but adaptations of related methods to three dimensions (3D) have met with limited success. Here, we demonstrate for the first time volumetric functional imaging in a bio-engineered neural tissue growing in a transparent hydrogel with cortical cellular and synaptic densities, by introducing complementary new developments in nonlinear microscopy and neural tissue engineering. Our system uses a novel hybrid multiphoton microscope design combining a 3D scanning-line temporal-focusing subsystem and a conventional laser-scanning multiphoton microscope to provide functional and structural volumetric imaging capabilities: dense microscopic 3D sampling at tens of volumes/sec of structures with mm-scale dimensions containing a network of over 1000 developing cells with complex spontaneous activity patterns. These developments open new opportunities for large-scale neuronal interfacing and for applications of 3D engineered networks ranging from basic neuroscience to the screening of neuroactive substances.
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24
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Chang CY, Cheng LC, Su HW, Hu YY, Cho KC, Yen WC, Xu C, Dong CY, Chen SJ. Wavefront sensorless adaptive optics temporal focusing-based multiphoton microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:1768-77. [PMID: 24940539 PMCID: PMC4052910 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.001768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Temporal profile distortions reduce excitation efficiency and image quality in temporal focusing-based multiphoton microscopy. In order to compensate the distortions, a wavefront sensorless adaptive optics system (AOS) was integrated into the microscope. The feedback control signal of the AOS was acquired from local image intensity maximization via a hill-climbing algorithm. The control signal was then utilized to drive a deformable mirror in such a way as to eliminate the distortions. With the AOS correction, not only is the axial excitation symmetrically refocused, but the axial resolution with full two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) intensity is also maintained. Hence, the contrast of the TPEF image of a R6G-doped PMMA thin film is enhanced along with a 3.7-fold increase in intensity. Furthermore, the TPEF image quality of 1μm fluorescent beads sealed in agarose gel at different depths is improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yuan Chang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chung Cheng
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Su
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yvonne Yuling Hu
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Chi Cho
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Yen
- Material & Electro-Optics Research Division, Chung-Shan Institute of Science Technology, Tao-Yuan 325, Taiwan
| | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Chen Yuan Dong
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shean-Jen Chen
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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25
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Schrödel T, Prevedel R, Aumayr K, Zimmer M, Vaziri A. Brain-wide 3D imaging of neuronal activity in Caenorhabditis elegans with sculpted light. Nat Methods 2013; 10:1013-20. [PMID: 24013820 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Papagiakoumou E. Optical developments for optogenetics. Biol Cell 2013; 105:443-64. [PMID: 23782010 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201200087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain intricacies and the difficulty that scientists encounter in revealing its function with standard approaches such as electrical stimulation of neurons have led to the exploration of new tools that enable the study of neural circuits in a remote and non-invasive way. To this end, optogenetics has initialised a revolution for neuroscience in the last decade by enabling simultaneous monitoring and stimulation of specific neuronal populations in intact brain preparations through genetically targeted expression of light sensitive proteins and molecular photoswitches. In addition to ongoing molecular probe development and optimisation, novel optical techniques hold immense potential to amplify and diversify the utility of optogenetic methods. Importantly, by improving the spatio-temporal resolution of light stimulation, neural circuits can be photoactivated in patterns mimicking endogenous physiological processes. The following synopsis addresses the possibilities and limitations of optical stimulation methods applied to and developed for activation of neuronal optogenetic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Papagiakoumou
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Neurophysiology and New Microscopies Laboratory, CNRS UMR 8154, Inserm S603, Paris Descartes University, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
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27
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Choi H, Yew EYS, Hallacoglu B, Fantini S, Sheppard CJR, So PTC. Improvement of axial resolution and contrast in temporally focused widefield two-photon microscopy with structured light illumination. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:995-1005. [PMID: 23847726 PMCID: PMC3704103 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although temporally focused wide-field two-photon microscopy (TFM) can perform depth resolved wide field imaging, it cannot avoid the image degradation due to scattering of excitation and emission photons when imaging in a turbid medium. Further, its axial resolution is inferior to standard point-scanning two-photon microscopy. We implemented a structured light illumination for TFM and have shown that it can effectively reject the out-of-focus scattered emission photons improving image contrast. Further, the depth resolution of the improved system is dictated by the spatial frequency of the structure light with the potential of attaining depth resolution better than point-scanning two-photon microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Elijah Y. S. Yew
- Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Bertan Hallacoglu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Sergio Fantini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Colin J. R. Sheppard
- Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 1613 Genova, Italy
| | - Peter T. C. So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
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28
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Dana H, Kruger N, Ellman A, Shoham S. Line temporal focusing characteristics in transparent and scattering media. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:5677-87. [PMID: 23482141 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.005677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Line illumination geometries have advantageous properties for temporal focusing nonlinear microscopy. The characteristics of line temporal focusing (LITEF) in transparent and scattering media are studied here both experimentally and using numerical model simulations. We introduce an approximate analytical formula for the dependence of axial sectioning on the laser and microscope's parameters. Furthermore, we show that LITEF is more robust to tissue scattering than wide-field temporal focusing, and can penetrate much deeper into scattering tissue while maintaining good sectioning capabilities. Based on these observations, we propose a new design for LITEF-based tissue imaging at depths that could potentially exceed the out-of-focus physical excitation limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hod Dana
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, The Technion – IIT, Haifa, Israel
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29
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Dana H, Shoham S. Remotely scanned multiphoton temporal focusing by axial grism scanning. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:2913-5. [PMID: 22825176 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.002913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple technique for remote scanning of the focal plane in temporal focusing multiphoton microscopy is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally. A new on-axis light propagation optical setup design enables this scanning, which was considered not feasible in previous studies. The focal plane is axially displaced by the movement of a remote optical device, consisting of a double prism grating, and optionally a cylindrical lens. The displacement is linear, and its slope is inversely proportional to the square of the optical system's magnification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hod Dana
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–I.I.T., Haifa 32000, Israel
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30
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Cheng LC, Chang CY, Lin CY, Cho KC, Yen WC, Chang NS, Xu C, Dong CY, Chen SJ. Spatiotemporal focusing-based widefield multiphoton microscopy for fast optical sectioning. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:8939-48. [PMID: 22513605 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.008939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a microscope based on spatiotemporal focusing offering widefield multiphoton excitation has been developed to provide fast optical sectioning images. Key features of this microscope are the integrations of a 10 kHz repetition rate ultrafast amplifier featuring high instantaneous peak power (maximum 400 μJ/pulse at a 90 fs pulse width) and a TE-cooled, ultra-sensitive photon detecting, electron multiplying charge-coupled camera into a spatiotemporal focusing microscope. This configuration can produce multiphoton images with an excitation area larger than 200 × 100 μm² at a frame rate greater than 100 Hz (current maximum of 200 Hz). Brownian motions of fluorescent microbeads as small as 0.5 μm were observed in real-time with a lateral spatial resolution of less than 0.5 μm and an axial resolution of approximately 3.5 μm. Furthermore, second harmonic images of chicken tendons demonstrate that the developed widefield multiphoton microscope can provide high resolution z-sectioning for bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chung Cheng
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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31
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Vaziri A, Emiliani V. Reshaping the optical dimension in optogenetics. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2012; 22:128-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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32
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Abstract
The use of optogenetics, the technology that combines genetic and optical methods to monitor and control the activity of specific cell populations, is now widely adopted in neuroscience. The development of optogenetic tools, such as natural photosensitive ion channels and pumps or calcium- and voltage-sensitive proteins, has been growing tremendously during the past 10 years, thanks to the improvement of their performances in terms of facilitating light stimulation. To this aim, efficient illumination methods are also needed. The most common way to photostimulate optogenetic tools has been, so far, widefield illumination with visible light. However, the necessity of addressing the complexity of brain architecture has recently imposed switching to the use of two-photon excitation, which provides a better spatial specificity and deeper penetration in scattering tissue. Two-photon excitation is still challenging, due to intrinsic characteristics of optogenetic tools (e.g., the low conductivity of light-sensitive channels), and efficient illumination methods are therefore essential for advancing in this domain. Here, we present a review on the existing two-photon optical approaches for photoactivation of optogenetic tools, and future perspectives for the widespread implementation of these techniques.
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