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Terricabras M, Martins RP, Peinado R, Derejko P, Mont L, Ernst S, Herranz D, Bailleul C, Verma A. Cardiac Pulsed Field Ablation Lesion Durability Assessed by Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Reflectometry. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2024; 17:e012255. [PMID: 38318720 PMCID: PMC10949975 DOI: 10.1161/circep.123.012255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulsed field ablation uses electrical fields to cause nonthermal cell death over several hours. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence reflectometry is an optical imaging technique that can detect changes in the tissue ultrastructure in real time, which occurs when muscular tissue is damaged. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of a polarization-sensitive optical coherence reflectometry system to predict the development of chronic lesions based on acute changes in tissue birefringence during pulsed field ablation. METHODS Superior vena cava isolation was performed in 30 swine using a biphasic, bipolar pulsed field ablation system delivered with a nonirrigated focal tip catheter. Acute changes in tissue birefringence and voltage abatement were analyzed for each individual lesion. A high-resolution electroanatomical map was performed at baseline and 4 to 12 weeks after ablation to locate electrical gaps in the ablated area. RESULTS A total of 141 lesions were delivered and included in the analysis. Acute electrical isolation based on the electroanatomical map was achieved in 96% of the animals, but chronic isolation was only seen in 14 animals (46%). The mean voltage abatement of lesions that showed recovery was 82.8%±14.6% versus 84.4%±17.4% for those that showed fibrosis (P=0.7). The mean acute reduction in tissue birefringence in points demonstrating fibrosis was 63.8%±11.3% versus 9.1%±0.1% in the points that resulted in electrical gaps. A threshold of acute reduction of birefringence of ≥20% could predict chronic lesion formation with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 83%. CONCLUSIONS Acute tissue birefringence changes assessed with polarization-sensitive optical coherence reflectometry during pulsed field ablation can predict chronic lesion formation and guide the ablation procedure although limited by the tissue thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Terricabras
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (M.T.)
| | - Raphael P Martins
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Centres d'Investigation Clinique - Innovation Technologique (CIC-IT), Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (LTSI INSERM) 1099, University of Rennes, France (R.P.M.)
| | - Rafael Peinado
- University Hospital La Paz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain (R.P.)
| | | | - Lluís Mont
- Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain (L.M.)
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomèdicas August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain (L.M.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (L.M.)
| | - Sabine Ernst
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (S.E.)
| | | | | | - Atul Verma
- McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada (A.V.)
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2
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Samimi K, Contreras Guzman E, Wu M, Carlson L, Feltovich H, Hall TJ, Myers KM, Oyen ML, Skala MC. Optical coherence tomography of human fetal membrane sub-layers during loading. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:2969-2985. [PMID: 37342693 PMCID: PMC10278609 DOI: 10.1364/boe.489691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Fetal membranes have important mechanical and antimicrobial roles in maintaining pregnancy. However, the small thickness (<800 µm) of fetal membranes places them outside the resolution limits of most ultrasound and magnetic resonance systems. Optical imaging methods like optical coherence tomography (OCT) have the potential to fill this resolution gap. Here, OCT and machine learning methods were developed to characterize the ex vivo properties of human fetal membranes under dynamic loading. A saline inflation test was incorporated into an OCT system, and tests were performed on n = 33 and n = 32 human samples obtained from labored and C-section donors, respectively. Fetal membranes were collected in near-cervical and near-placental locations. Histology, endogenous two photon fluorescence microscopy, and second harmonic generation microscopy were used to identify sources of contrast in OCT images of fetal membranes. A convolutional neural network was trained to automatically segment fetal membrane sub-layers with high accuracy (Dice coefficients >0.8). Intact amniochorion bilayer and separated amnion and chorion were individually loaded, and the amnion layer was identified as the load-bearing layer within intact fetal membranes for both labored and C-section samples, consistent with prior work. Additionally, the rupture pressure and thickness of the amniochorion bilayer from the near-placental region were greater than those of the near-cervical region for labored samples. This location-dependent change in fetal membrane thickness was not attributable to the load-bearing amnion layer. Finally, the initial phase of the loading curve indicates that amniochorion bilayer from the near-cervical region is strain-hardened compared to the near-placental region in labored samples. Overall, these studies fill a gap in our understanding of the structural and mechanical properties of human fetal membranes at high resolution under dynamic loading events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Samimi
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | | | - May Wu
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Lindsey Carlson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Intermountain Healthcare, Provo, UT 84604, USA
| | - Helen Feltovich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Intermountain Healthcare, Provo, UT 84604, USA
| | - Timothy J. Hall
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kristin M. Myers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Michelle L. Oyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63105, USA
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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3
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Bhatti HS, Khan S, Zahra M, Mustafa S, Ashraf S, Ahmad I. Characterization of radiofrequency ablated myocardium with optical coherence tomography. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103151. [PMID: 36228980 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Certain types of cardiac arrhythmias are best treated with radiofrequency (RF) ablation, in which an electrode is inserted into the targeted area of the myocardium and then RF electrical current is applied to heat and destroy surrounding tissue. The resulting ablation lesion usually consists of a coagulative necrotic core surrounded by a rim region of mixed viable and non-viable cells. The characterization of the RF ablated lesion is of potential clinical importance. Here we aim to elaborate optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging for the characterization of RF-ablated myocardial tissue. In particular, the underlying principles of OCT and its polarization-sensitive counterpart (PS-OCT) are presented, followed by the knowledge needed to interpret their optical images. Studies focused on real-time monitoring of RF lesion formation in the myocardium using OCT systems are summarized. The design and development of various hybrid probes incorporating both OCT guidance and RF ablation catheters are also discussed. Finally, the challenges related to the transmission of OCT imaging systems to cardiac clinics for real-time monitoring of RF lesions are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shamim Khan
- Department of Physics, Islamia College Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Madeeha Zahra
- Department of Physics, The Women University Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sonia Mustafa
- Department of Physics, The Women University Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sumara Ashraf
- Department of Physics, The Women University Multan, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar, Pakistan.
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4
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Park SY, Singh-Moon R, Yang H, Hendon C. Monitoring of irrigated lesion formation with single fiber based multispectral system using machine learning. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100374. [PMID: 35666015 PMCID: PMC9452461 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, intraprocedural assessment of treatment efficacy relies on indirect measures of adequate tissue destruction. Direct sensing of diffuse reflectance spectral changes at the ablation site using optically integrated RFA catheters has been shown to enable accurate prediction of lesion dimensions, ex vivo. Challenges of optical guidance can be due to obtaining reliable measurements under various catheter-tissue contact orientations. In this work, addressed this limitation by assessing the feasibility of monitoring lesion progression using single-fiber reflectance spectroscopy (SFRS). A total of 110 endocardial lesions of various sizes were generated in freshly excised swine right ventricular tissue using a custom-built, irrigated SFRS-RFA catheter. Models were developed for assessing catheter-tissue contact, the presence of nontransmural or transmural lesions and lesion depth percentage. These results support the use of SFRS-based catheters for irrigated lesion assessment and motivate further exploration of using multi-SFRS catheters for omnidirectionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W. 120 St, New York, NY 10027
| | - Rajinder Singh-Moon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W. 120 St, New York, NY 10027
| | - Haiqiu Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W. 120 St, New York, NY 10027
| | - Christine Hendon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W. 120 St, New York, NY 10027
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5
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Zhang S, Zhang EZ, Beard PC, Desjardins AE, Colchester RJ. Dual-modality fibre optic probe for simultaneous ablation and ultrasound imaging. COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING 2022; 1:s44172-022-00020-9. [PMID: 37033302 PMCID: PMC7614394 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-022-00020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
All-optical ultrasound (OpUS) is an emerging high resolution imaging paradigm utilising optical fibres. This allows both therapeutic and imaging modalities to be integrated into devices with dimensions small enough for minimally invasive surgical applications. Here we report a dual-modality fibre optic probe that synchronously performs laser ablation and real-time all-optical ultrasound imaging for ablation monitoring. The device comprises three optical fibres: one each for transmission and reception of ultrasound, and one for the delivery of laser light for ablation. The total device diameter is < 1 mm. Ablation monitoring was carried out on porcine liver and heart tissue ex vivo with ablation depth tracked using all-optical M-mode ultrasound imaging and lesion boundary identification using a segmentation algorithm. Ablation depths up to 2.1 mm were visualised with a good correspondence between the ultrasound depth measurements and visual inspection of the lesions using stereomicroscopy. This work demonstrates the potential for OpUS probes to guide minimally invasive ablation procedures in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyan Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, Foley Street, London, W1W 7TY UK
| | - Edward Z. Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Paul C. Beard
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, Foley Street, London, W1W 7TY UK
| | - Adrien E. Desjardins
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, Foley Street, London, W1W 7TY UK
| | - Richard J. Colchester
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, Foley Street, London, W1W 7TY UK
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6
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Zhao X, Ziv O, Mohammadpour R, Crosby B, Hoyt WJ, Jenkins MW, Snyder C, Hendon C, Laurita KR, Rollins AM. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography monitoring of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in left atrium of living swine. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24330. [PMID: 34934120 PMCID: PMC8692484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03724-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is commonly used to treat atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the outcome is often compromised due to the lack of direct real-time feedback to assess lesion transmurality. In this work, we evaluated the ability of polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT) to measure cardiac wall thickness and assess RF lesion transmurality during left atrium (LA) RFA procedures. Quantitative transmural lesion criteria using PSOCT images were determined ex vivo using an integrated PSOCT-RFA catheter and fresh swine hearts. LA wall thickness of living swine was measured with PSOCT and validated with a micrometer after harvesting the heart. A total of 38 point lesions were created in the LA of 5 living swine with the integrated PSOCT-RFA catheter using standard clinical RFA procedures. For all lesions with analyzable PSOCT images, lesion transmurality was assessed with a sensitivity of 89% (17 of 19 tested positive) and a specificity of 100% (5 of 5 tested negative) using the quantitative transmural criteria. This is the first report of using PSOCT to assess LA RFA lesion transmurality in vivo. The results indicate that PSOCT may potentially provide direct real-time feedback for LA wall thickness and lesion transmurality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ohad Ziv
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Crosby
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Walter J Hoyt
- Department of Pediatrics, Ochsner Health, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Michael W Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christopher Snyder
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- The Congenital Heart Collaborative, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christine Hendon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth R Laurita
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrew M Rollins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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7
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Park SY, Singh-Moon R, Yang H, Saluja D, Hendon C. Quantification of irrigated lesion morphology using near-infrared spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20160. [PMID: 34635764 PMCID: PMC8505541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently limited means by which lesion formation can be confirmed during radiofrequency ablation procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of NIRS-integrated RFA catheters for monitoring irrigated lesion progression, ex vivo and in vivo. Open-irrigated NIRS-ablation catheters with optical fibers were fabricated to sample tissue diffuse reflectance. Spectra from 44 irrigated lesions and 44 non-lesion sites from ex vivo swine hearts (n = 15) were used to train and evaluate a predictive model for lesion dimensions based on key spectral features. Additional studies were performed in diluted blood to assess NIRS signatures of catheter-tissue contact status. Finally, the potential of NIRS-RFA catheters for guiding lesion delivery was evaluated in a set of in vivo pilot studies conducted in healthy pigs (n = 4). Model predictions for lesion depth (R = 0.968), width (R = 0.971), and depth percentage (R = 0.924) correlated well with measured lesion dimensions. In vivo deployment in preliminary trials showed robust translational consistency of contact discrimination (P < 0.0001) and lesion depth parameters (< 3% error). NIRS empowered catheters are well suited for monitoring myocardial response to RF ablation and may provide useful intraprocedural feedback for optimizing treatment efficacy alongside current practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Rajinder Singh-Moon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Haiqiu Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Deepak Saluja
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 W. 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Christine Hendon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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8
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Song G, Jelly ET, Chu KK, Kendall WY, Wax A. A review of low-cost and portable optical coherence tomography. PROGRESS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2021; 3:032002. [PMID: 37645660 PMCID: PMC10465117 DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/abfeb7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a powerful optical imaging technique capable of visualizing the internal structure of biological tissues at near cellular resolution. For years, OCT has been regarded as the standard of care in ophthalmology, acting as an invaluable tool for the assessment of retinal pathology. However, the costly nature of most current commercial OCT systems has limited its general accessibility, especially in low-resource environments. It is therefore timely to review the development of low-cost OCT systems as a route for applying this technology to population-scale disease screening. Low-cost, portable and easy to use OCT systems will be essential to facilitate widespread use at point of care settings while ensuring that they offer the necessary imaging performances needed for clinical detection of retinal pathology. The development of low-cost OCT also offers the potential to enable application in fields outside ophthalmology by lowering the barrier to entry. In this paper, we review the current development and applications of low-cost, portable and handheld OCT in both translational and research settings. Design and cost-reduction techniques are described for general low-cost OCT systems, including considerations regarding spectrometer-based detection, scanning optics, system control, signal processing, and the role of 3D printing technology. Lastly, a review of clinical applications enabled by low-cost OCT is presented, along with a detailed discussion of current limitations and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Song
- Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.
| | | | - Kengyeh K Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America
| | - Wesley Y Kendall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America
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Kilinc OU, Zhao X, Jenkins MW, Snyder CS, Rollins AM. Imaging of Atrioventricular Nodal Conduction Tissue in Porcine Hearts Using Optical Coherence Tomography. J Innov Card Rhythm Manag 2020; 10:3675-3680. [PMID: 32477734 PMCID: PMC7252643 DOI: 10.19102/icrm.2019.100601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) employs near-infrared light to image the microstructure of different tissues. Clinically, it has been used to image the walls of coronary arteries. In research settings, one of the applications for OCT is visualizing endocardial and subendocardial structures. The present experiment sought to determine whether OCT can identify native conduction tissues in adult porcine hearts. During the study, the right atrial endocardial surfaces of excised adult porcine hearts were exposed. The triangle of Koch was imaged with the OCT system and the conduction tissue was identified. The area was then prepared for histologic examination with Masson's trichrome stain. The results of histologic preparations and OCT images were then compared. Ultimately, nine porcine hearts were examined using this methodology. OCT imaging successfully identified subendocardial structures presumed to be the compact atrioventricular node. Histologic images of the preparations delineated the different tissue types and conduction tissue was easily identified. The location of distinctive hyporeflective areas in the OCT images correlated with the location of conduction tissue in the histology images. In light of the findings of this study, it is suggested that atrioventricular nodal tissue can be identified by OCT in freshly dissected unfixed porcine hearts. OCT images distinguished the differentiated conduction tissue in close proximity with the endocardium, myofibers, and fibrous tissue, and the success of this was verified with histology. This technology may be useful for the direct visualization of the native conduction system during procedures in the operating room and electrophysiology laboratory. Further studies with perfused tissue samples and live animal experiments are needed to better assess the efficacy of this novel application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan U Kilinc
- Congenital Heart Collaborative, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael W Jenkins
- Congenital Heart Collaborative, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christopher S Snyder
- Congenital Heart Collaborative, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrew M Rollins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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10
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Maltais-Tariant R, Boudoux C, Uribe-Patarroyo N. Real-time co-localized OCT surveillance of laser therapy using motion corrected speckle decorrelation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:2925-2950. [PMID: 32637233 PMCID: PMC7316020 DOI: 10.1364/boe.385654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a system capable of real-time delivery and monitoring of laser therapy by imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT) through a double-clad fiber (DCF). A double-clad fiber coupler is used to inject and collect OCT light into the core of a DCF and inject the therapy light into its larger inner cladding, allowing for both imaging and therapy to be perfectly coregistered. Monitoring of treatment depth is achieved by calculating the speckle intensity decorrelation occurring during tissue coagulation. Furthermore, an analytical noise correction was used on the correlation to extend the maximum monitoring depth. We also present a method for correcting motion-induced decorrelation using a lookup table. Using the value of the noise- and motion-corrected correlation coefficient in a novel approach, our system is capable of identifying the depth of thermal coagulation in real time and automatically shut the therapy laser off when the targeted depth is reached. The process is demonstrated ex vivo in rat tongue and abdominal muscles for depths ranging from 500 µm to 1000 µm with induced motion in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Maltais-Tariant
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal, Qc, Canada
- Castor Optics Inc., 361 Boul Montpellier, St-Laurent, Qc, Canada
| | - Néstor Uribe-Patarroyo
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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11
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Zhao X, Kilinc O, Blumenthal CJ, Dosluoglu D, Jenkins MW, Snyder CS, Arruda M, Rollins AM. Intracardiac radiofrequency ablation in living swine guided by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-10. [PMID: 32385975 PMCID: PMC7210786 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.5.056001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Pulmonary vein isolation with catheter-based radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is carried out frequently to treat atrial fibrillation. However, RFA lesion creation is only guided by indirect information (e.g., temperature, impedance, and contact force), which may result in poor lesion quality (e.g., nontransmural) and can lead to reoccurrence or complications. AIM The feasibility of guiding intracardiac RFA with an integrated polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT)-RFA catheter in the right atria (RA) of living swine is demonstrated. APPROACH In total, 12 sparse lesions were created in the RA of three living swine using an integrated PSOCT-RFA catheter with standard ablation protocol. PSOCT images were displayed in real time to guide catheter-tissue apposition. After experiments, post-processed PSOCT images were analyzed to assess lesion quality and were compared with triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) lesion quality analysis. RESULTS Five successful lesions identified with PSOCT images were all confirmed by TTC analysis. In two ablations, PSOCT imaging detected gas bubble formation, indicating overtreatment. Unsuccessful lesions observed with PSOCT imaging were confirmed by TTC analysis. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that the PSOCT-RFA catheter provides real-time feedback to guide catheter-tissue apposition, monitor lesion quality, and possibly help avoid complications due to overtreatment, which may enable more effective and safer RFA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhao
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, United States
| | - Orhan Kilinc
- Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, The Congenital Heart Collaborative, Cleveland, United States
| | - Colin J. Blumenthal
- Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States
| | - Deniz Dosluoglu
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Electric Engineering and Computer Science, Cleveland, United States
| | - Michael W. Jenkins
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, United States
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Pediatrics, Cleveland, United States
| | - Christopher S. Snyder
- Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, The Congenital Heart Collaborative, Cleveland, United States
- Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Pediatrics, Cleveland, United States
| | - Mauricio Arruda
- Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, EP Laboratories and the Atrial Fibrillation Center at the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, United States
| | - Andrew M. Rollins
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, United States
- Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States
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12
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Gan Y, Lye TH, Marboe CC, Hendon CP. Characterization of the human myocardium by optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900094. [PMID: 31400074 PMCID: PMC7456394 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Imaging of cardiac tissue structure plays a critical role in the treatment and understanding of cardiovascular disease. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers the potential to provide valuable, high-resolution imaging of cardiac tissue. However, there is a lack of comprehensive OCT imaging data of the human heart, which could improve identification of structural substrates underlying cardiac abnormalities. The objective of this study was to provide qualitative and quantitative analysis of OCT image features throughout the human heart. Fifty human hearts were acquired, and tissues from all chambers were imaged with OCT. Histology was obtained to verify tissue composition. Statistical differences between OCT image features corresponding to different tissue types and chambers were estimated using analysis of variance. OCT imaging provided features that were able to distinguish structures such as thickened collagen, as well as adipose tissue and fibrotic myocardium. Statistically significant differences were found between atria and ventricles in attenuation coefficient, and between adipose and all other tissue types. This study provides an overview of OCT image features throughout the human heart, which can be used for guiding future applications such as OCT-integrated catheter-based treatments or ex vivo investigation of structural substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Theresa H. Lye
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Charles C. Marboe
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Christine P. Hendon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Correspondence: Christine P. Hendon, Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, NY 10032.
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Lye TH, Marboe CC, Hendon CP. Imaging of subendocardial adipose tissue and fiber orientation distributions in the human left atrium using optical coherence tomography. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2019; 30:2950-2959. [PMID: 31661178 PMCID: PMC6916589 DOI: 10.1111/jce.14255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has the potential to provide real‐time imaging guidance for atrial fibrillation ablation, with promising results for lesion monitoring. OCT can also offer high‐resolution imaging of tissue composition, but there is insufficient cardiac OCT data to inform the use of OCT to reveal important tissue architecture of the human left atrium. Thus, the objective of this study was to define OCT imaging data throughout the human left atrium, focusing on the distribution of adipose tissue and fiber orientation as seen from the endocardium. Methods and Results Human hearts (n = 7) were acquired for imaging the left atrium with OCT. A spectral‐domain OCT system with 1325 nm center wavelength, 6.5 μm axial resolution, 15 μm lateral resolution, and a maximum imaging depth of 2.51 mm in the air was used. Large‐scale OCT image maps of human left atrial tissue were developed, with adipose thickness and fiber orientation extracted from the imaging data. OCT imaging showed scattered distributions of adipose tissue around the septal and pulmonary vein regions, up to a depth of about 0.43 mm from the endocardial surface. The total volume of adipose tissue detected by OCT over one left atrium ranged from 1.42 to 28.74 mm3. Limited fiber orientation information primarily around the pulmonary veins and the septum could be identified. Conclusion OCT imaging could provide adjunctive information on the distribution of subendocardial adipose tissue, particularly around thin areas around the pulmonary veins and septal regions. Variations in OCT‐detected tissue composition could potentially assist ablation guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa H Lye
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Charles C Marboe
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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Park SY, Singh-Moon RP, Wan EY, Hendon CP. Towards real-time multispectral endoscopic imaging for cardiac lesion quality assessment. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:2829-2846. [PMID: 31259054 PMCID: PMC6583339 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.002829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (Afib) can lead to life threatening conditions such as heart failure and stroke. During Afib treatment, clinicians aim to repress unusual electrical activity by electrically isolating the pulmonary veins (PV) from the left atrium (LA) using radiofrequency ablation. However, current clinical tools are limited in reliably assessing transmurality of the ablation lesions and detecting the presence of gaps within ablation lines, which can warrant repeat procedures. In this study, we developed an endoscopic multispectral reflectance imaging (eMSI) system for enhanced discrimination of tissue treatment at the PV junction. The system enables direct visualization of cardiac lesions through an endoscope at acquisition rates up to 25 Hz. Five narrowband, high-power LEDs were used to illuminate the sample (450, 530, 625, 810 and 940nm) and combinatory parameters were calculated based on their relative reflectance. A stitching algorithm was employed to generate large field-of-view, multispectral mosaics of the ablated PV junction from individual eMSI images. A total of 79 lesions from 15 swine hearts were imaged, ex vivo. Statistical analysis of the acquired five spectral data sets and ratiometric maps revealed significant differences between transmural lesions, non-transmural lesions around the venoatrial junctions, unablated posterior wall of left atrium tissue, and pulmonary vein (p < 0.0001). A pixel-based quadratic discriminant analysis classifier was applied to distinguish four tissue types: PV, untreated LA, non-transmural and transmural lesions. We demonstrate tissue type classification accuracies of 80.2% and 92.1% for non-transmural and transmural lesions, and 95.0% and 92.8% for PV and untreated LA sites, respectively. These findings showcase the potential of eMSI for lesion validation and may help to improve AFib treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Rajinder P. Singh-Moon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Elaine Y. Wan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Christine P. Hendon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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Hendon CP, Lye TH, Yao X, Gan Y, Marboe CC. Optical coherence tomography imaging of cardiac substrates. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:882-904. [PMID: 31281782 PMCID: PMC6571187 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.05.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Knowledge of a patient's heart structure will help to plan procedures, potentially identifying arrhythmia substrates, critical structures to avoid, detect transplant rejection, and reduce ambiguity when interpreting electrograms and functional measurements. Similarly, basic research of numerous cardiac diseases would greatly benefit from structural imaging at cellular scale. For both applications imaging on the scale of a myocyte is needed, which is approximately 100 µm × 10 µm. The use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a tool for characterizing cardiac tissue structure and function has been growing in the past two decades. We briefly review OCT principles and highlight important considerations when imaging cardiac muscle. In particular, image penetration, tissue birefringence, and light absorption by blood during in vivo imaging are important factors when imaging the heart with OCT. Within the article, we highlight applications of cardiac OCT imaging including imaging heart tissue structure in small animal models, quantification of myofiber organization, monitoring of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) lesion formation, structure-function analysis enabled by functional extensions of OCT and multimodal analysis and characterizing important substrates within the human heart. The review concludes with a summary and future outlook of OCT imaging the heart, which is promising with progress in optical catheter development, functional extensions of OCT, and real time image processing to enable dynamic imaging and real time tracking during therapeutic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yu Gan
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Tao K, Sun K, Ding Z, Ma Y, Kuang H, Zhao H, Lai T, Zhou Y, Liu T. Catheter-Based Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography Using Similar Mueller Matrix Method. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 67:60-68. [PMID: 30932827 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2908031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research of catheter-based polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) is a challenging field. In this paper, we present a new polarization determination method, similar Mueller matrix (SMM) method, for a catheter-based PS-OCT system using a standard clinical catheter probe with an outer diameter of 0.9 mm. METHODS The SMM method can remove the diattenuation and depolarization compositions by polar decomposition. By constructing the similarity between the measured Mueller matrices and sample matrices, the phase retardance of the sample can be determined from the trace of the measured matrices. RESULTS In the experiments, we find that images processed by the SMM method without any averaging or phase correction have a better polarization contrast of multiple biological tissues than those by the Jones matrix based method. We also preliminarily achieve phase retardance imaging of the ex vivo porcine cardiac blood vessel. CONCLUSION Compared with the Jones matrix based method, the presented SMM method can provide a more robust birefringence imaging of biological tissues under low signal-to-noise ratio, depolarization, diattenuation, and phase instability. SIGNIFICANCE The SMM method has a potential to become a widely accepted polarization determination method for catheter-based PS-OCT.
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17
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Singh-Moon RP, Yao X, Iyer V, Marboe C, Whang W, Hendon CP. Real-time optical spectroscopic monitoring of nonirrigated lesion progression within atrial and ventricular tissues. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800144. [PMID: 30058239 PMCID: PMC6353711 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable advances in guidance of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, success rates have been hampered by a lack of tools for precise intraoperative evaluation of lesion extent. Near-infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) techniques are sensitive to tissue structural and biomolecular properties, characteristics that are directly altered by radiofrequency (RF) treatment. In this work, a combined NIRS-RFA catheter is developed for real-time monitoring of tissue reflectance during RF energy delivery. An algorithm is proposed for processing NIR spectra to approximate nonirrigated lesion depth in both atrial and ventricular tissues. The probe optical geometry was designed to bias measurement influence toward absorption enabling enhanced sensitivity to changes in tissue composition. A set of parameters termed "lesion optical indices" are defined encapsulating spectral differences between ablated and unablated tissue. Utilizing these features, a model for real-time tissue spectra classification and lesion size estimation is presented. Experimental validation conducted within freshly excised porcine cardiac specimens showed strong concordance between algorithm estimates and post-hoc tissue assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinder P. Singh-Moon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W. 120 St, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Xinwen Yao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W. 120 St, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Vivek Iyer
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168 St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Charles Marboe
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168 St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - William Whang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168 St, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Currently with Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christine P. Hendon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W. 120 St, New York, NY 10027, USA
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18
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Lo WCY, Uribe-Patarroyo N, Hoebel K, Beaudette K, Villiger M, Nishioka NS, Vakoc BJ, Bouma BE. Balloon catheter-based radiofrequency ablation monitoring in porcine esophagus using optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:2067-2089. [PMID: 31086717 PMCID: PMC6484999 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.002067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a microscopic image guidance platform for radiofrequency ablation (RFA) using a clinical balloon-catheter-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) system, currently used in the surveillance of Barrett's esophagus patients. Our integrated thermal therapy delivery and monitoring platform consists of a flexible, customized bipolar RFA electrode array designed for use with a clinical balloon OCT catheter and a processing algorithm to accurately map the thermal coagulation process. Non-uniform rotation distortion was corrected using a feature tracking-based technique, which enables robust, frame-to-frame analysis of the temporal fluctuation of the complex OCT signal. With proper noise calibration, precise delineation of the thermal therapy zone was demonstrated using cumulative complex differential variance in porcine esophagus ex vivo with the integrated OCT-RFA system, as validated by nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBTC) histology. The ability to directly and accurately visualize the thermal coagulation process at high resolution is critical to the precise delivery of thermal energy to a wide range of epithelial lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Y Lo
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Néstor Uribe-Patarroyo
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Katharina Hoebel
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Kathy Beaudette
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Martin Villiger
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Norman S Nishioka
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Benjamin J Vakoc
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Brett E Bouma
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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19
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Lye TH, Iyer V, Marboe CC, Hendon CP. Mapping the human pulmonary venoatrial junction with optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:434-448. [PMID: 30800491 PMCID: PMC6377904 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Imaging guidance provided by optical coherence tomography (OCT) could improve the outcomes of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation by providing detailed structural information of the pulmonary veins, which are critical targets during ablation. In this study, stitched volumetric OCT images of venoatrial junctions from post-mortem human hearts were acquired and compared to histology. Image features corresponding to venous media and myocardial sleeves, as well as fiber orientation and fibrosis, were identified and found to vary between veins. Imaging of detailed tissue architecture could improve understanding of the AF structural substrate within the pulmonary veins and assist the guidance of ablation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa H. Lye
- Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Vivek Iyer
- Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Charles C. Marboe
- Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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20
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Zhao X, Fu X, Blumenthal C, Wang YT, Jenkins MW, Snyder C, Arruda M, Rollins AM. Integrated RFA/PSOCT catheter for real-time guidance of cardiac radio-frequency ablation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:6400-6411. [PMID: 31065438 PMCID: PMC6490984 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.006400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an important standard therapy for cardiac arrhythmias, but direct monitoring of tissue treatment is currently lacking. We demonstrate an RFA catheter integrated with polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT) for directly monitoring the RFA process in real time. The integrated RFA/OCT catheter was modified from a standard clinical RFA catheter and includes a miniature forward-viewing cone-scanning OCT probe. The PSOCT system was validated with a quarter-wave plate while the RFA function of the integrated catheter was validated by comparing lesion sizes with those made with an unmodified RFA catheter. Additionally, the integrated catheter guided catheter-tissue apposition and monitored RFA lesion formation in cardiac tissue in real time. The results show that catheter-tissue contact can be characterized by observing the features of the blood and tissue in the acquired OCT images and that RFA lesion formation can be confirmed by monitoring the change in phase retardance in the acquired PSOCT images. This system demonstrates the feasibility of an integrated RFA/OCT catheter to deliver RF energy and image the cardiac wall simultaneously and justifies further research into use of this technology to aid RFA therapy for cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- authors contributed equally
| | - Xiaoyong Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- authors contributed equally
| | - Colin Blumenthal
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yves T. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Michael W. Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Christopher Snyder
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mauricio Arruda
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA
| | - Andrew M. Rollins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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21
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Leitgeb RA, Baumann B. Multimodal Optical Medical Imaging Concepts Based on Optical Coherence Tomography. FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS 2018; 6. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2018.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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22
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Adams DC, Suter MJ. Processing-based approach for resolving the sample optic axis in endoscopic polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:24917-24927. [PMID: 30469600 PMCID: PMC6238824 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.024917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Fiber-based polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) that utilizes a rotationally-scanning catheter has a variety of potential biomedical applications in luminal organ systems due to its ability to provide intrinsic contrast for birefringent tissue. Incorporating the optic axis (OA) of the tissue greatly enhances this potential by also permitting information about the orientation of the tissue to be extracted; however, measurement distortion that occurs has up to this point made it impossible to obtain accurate sample OA measurements. In this paper we present a straightforward calibration technique that allows the sample OA to be recovered. This technique requires no hardware modifications making it generally applicable, and as a result has tremendous potential in improving the utility of endoscopic PS-OCT image data.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Adams
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Melissa J. Suter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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23
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Yao X, Gan Y, Ling Y, Marboe CC, Hendon CP. Multicontrast endomyocardial imaging by single-channel high-resolution cross-polarization optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700204. [PMID: 29165902 PMCID: PMC6186148 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A single-channel high-resolution cross-polarization (CP) optical coherence tomography (OCT) system is presented for multicontrast imaging of human myocardium in one-shot measurement. The intensity and functional contrasts, including the ratio between the cross- and co-polarization channels as well as the cumulative retardation, are reconstructed from the CP-OCT readout. By comparing the CP-OCT results with histological analysis, it is shown that the system can successfully delineate microstructures in the myocardium and differentiate the fibrotic myocardium from normal or ablated myocardium based on the functional contrasts provided by the CP-OCT system. The feasibility of using A-line profiles from the 2 orthogonal polarization channels to identify fibrotic myocardium, normal myocardium and ablated lesion is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Yao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Yuye Ling
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Charles C. Marboe
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Christine P. Hendon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
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24
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Lee HC, Ahsen OO, Liu JJ, Tsai TH, Huang Q, Mashimo H, Fujimoto JG. Assessment of the radiofrequency ablation dynamics of esophageal tissue with optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:76001. [PMID: 28687822 PMCID: PMC5499807 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.7.076001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is widely used for the eradication of dysplasia and the treatment of early stage esophageal carcinoma in patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE). However, there are several factors, such as variation of BE epithelium (EP) thickness among individual patients and varying RFA catheter-tissue contact, which may compromise RFA efficacy. We used a high-speed optical coherence tomography (OCT) system to identify and monitor changes in the esophageal tissue architecture from RFA. Two different OCT imaging/RFA application protocols were performed using an <italic<ex vivo</italic< swine esophagus model: (1) post-RFA volumetric OCT imaging for quantitative analysis of the coagulum formation using RFA applications with different energy settings, and (2) M-mode OCT imaging for monitoring the dynamics of tissue architectural changes in real time during RFA application. Post-RFA volumetric OCT measurements showed an increase in the coagulum thickness with respect to the increasing RFA energies. Using a subset of the specimens, OCT measurements of coagulum and coagulum + residual EP thickness were shown to agree with histology, which accounted for specimen shrinkage during histological processing. In addition, we demonstrated the feasibility of OCT for real-time visualization of the architectural changes during RFA application with different energy settings. Results suggest feasibility of using OCT for RFA treatment planning and guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chieh Lee
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Osman O. Ahsen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jonathan J. Liu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Tsung-Han Tsai
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Qin Huang
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hiroshi Mashimo
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - James G. Fujimoto
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
- Address all correspondence to: James G. Fujimoto, E-mail:
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de Boer JF, Hitzenberger CK, Yasuno Y. Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography - a review [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:1838-1873. [PMID: 28663869 PMCID: PMC5480584 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.001838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is now a well-established modality for high-resolution cross-sectional and three-dimensional imaging of transparent and translucent samples and tissues. Conventional, intensity based OCT, however, does not provide a tissue-specific contrast, causing an ambiguity with image interpretation in several cases. Polarization sensitive (PS) OCT draws advantage from the fact that several materials and tissues can change the light's polarization state, adding an additional contrast channel and providing quantitative information. In this paper, we review basic and advanced methods of PS-OCT and demonstrate its use in selected biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F. de Boer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Authors were listed in alphabetical order and contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - Christoph K. Hitzenberger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Authors were listed in alphabetical order and contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Authors were listed in alphabetical order and contributed equally to the manuscript
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26
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Lo WCY, Uribe-Patarroyo N, Nam AS, Villiger M, Vakoc BJ, Bouma BE. Laser thermal therapy monitoring using complex differential variance in optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:84-91. [PMID: 27623742 PMCID: PMC5243231 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Conventional thermal therapy monitoring techniques based on temperature are often invasive, limited by point sampling, and are indirect measures of tissue injury, while techniques such as magnetic resonance and ultrasound thermometry are limited by their spatial resolution. The visualization of the thermal coagulation zone at high spatial resolution is particularly critical to the precise delivery of thermal energy to epithelial lesions. In this work, an integrated thulium laser thermal therapy monitoring system was developed based on complex differential variance (CDV), which enables the 2D visualization of the dynamics of the thermal coagulation process at high spatial and temporal resolution with an optical frequency domain imaging system. With proper calibration to correct for noise, the CDV-based technique was shown to accurately delineate the thermal coagulation zone, which is marked by the transition from high CDV upon heating to a significantly reduced CDV once the tissue is coagulated, in 3 different tissue types ex vivo: skin, retina, and esophagus. The ability to delineate thermal lesions in multiple tissue types at high resolution opens up the possibility of performing microscopic image-guided procedures in a vast array of epithelial applications ranging from dermatology, ophthalmology, to gastroenterology and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C. Y. Lo
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Néstor Uribe-Patarroyo
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Ahhyun S. Nam
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Martin Villiger
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Vakoc
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Brett E. Bouma
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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Parnet F, Fade J, Alouini M. Orthogonality breaking through few-mode optical fiber. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:2508-2520. [PMID: 27139651 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.002508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polarization sensing and imaging through optical fibers is a technological challenge motivated by promising applications for in vivo, in situ polarimetric endoscopy for biomedical diagnosis. Among the recent approaches proposed to solve this issue, the depolarization/dichroism sensing by polarization orthogonality breaking (DSOB) technique was shown to perform remotely through single-mode optical fibers for depolarization/diattenuation measurements. In this article, we investigate the applicability of such a technique in slightly multimode waveguides. Through theoretical modeling and numerical simulations, we evidence the conditions required for the polarization orthogonality to be preserved after propagation in a few-mode fiber, notably in terms of detection geometry of the spatial modes. Original experiments realized in few-mode fibers both in transmission and reflection configurations are also reported and validate the theoretical predictions. These results allow us to analyze the influence of the experimental parameters, such as detection geometry, sample tilt, or fiber length, on orthogonality preservation and on the measurement dynamics of the DSOB technique in slightly multimode waveguides.
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28
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Herranz D, Lloret J, Jiménez-Valero S, Rubio-Guivernau JL, Margallo-Balbás E. Novel catheter enabling simultaneous radiofrequency ablation and optical coherence reflectometry. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:3268-75. [PMID: 26417499 PMCID: PMC4574655 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.003268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel radiofrequency ablation catheter has been developed with integrated custom designed optics, enabling real-time monitoring of radiofrequency ablation procedures through polarization-sensitive optical coherence reflectometry. The optics allow for proper tissue illumination through a view-port machined in the catheter tip, thus providing lesion depth control over the RF ablation treatment. The system was verified in an in-vitro model of swine myocardium. Optical performance and thermal stability was confirmed after more than 25 procedures, without any damage to the optical assembly induced by thermal stress or material degradation. The use of this catheter in RF ablation treatments may make possible to assess lesion depth during therapy, thus translating into a reduction of potential complications on the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Herranz
- Medlumics S.L, Ronda de Poniente 6, 2A-B, 28760 Tres Cantos,
Spain
| | - Juan Lloret
- Medlumics S.L, Ronda de Poniente 6, 2A-B, 28760 Tres Cantos,
Spain
| | - Santiago Jiménez-Valero
- Medlumics S.L, Ronda de Poniente 6, 2A-B, 28760 Tres Cantos,
Spain
- Servicio de Cardiología Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid,
Spain
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29
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Singh-Moon RP, Marboe CC, Hendon CP. Near-infrared spectroscopy integrated catheter for characterization of myocardial tissues: preliminary demonstrations to radiofrequency ablation therapy for atrial fibrillation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:2494-2511. [PMID: 26203376 PMCID: PMC4505704 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.002494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Effects of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment of atrial fibrillation can be limited by the ability to characterize the tissue in contact. Parameters obtained by conventional catheters, such as impedance and temperature can be insufficient in providing physiological information pertaining to effective treatment. In this report, we present a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-integrated catheter capable of extracting tissue optical properties. Validation experiments were first performed in tissue phantoms with known optical properties. We then apply the technique for characterization of myocardial tissues in swine and human hearts, ex vivo. Additionally, we demonstrate the recovery of critical parameters relevant to RFA therapy including contact verification, and lesion transmurality. These findings support the application of NIRS for improved guidance in RFA therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinder P. Singh-Moon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Charles C. Marboe
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christine P. Hendon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
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30
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Duan L, Marvdashti T, Ellerbee AK. Polarization-sensitive interleaved optical coherence tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:13693-703. [PMID: 26074618 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.013693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new strategy for single-mode fiber based polarization-sensitive (PS-) optical coherence tomography (OCT) using orthogonally polarized optical frequency combs (OFC) in the sample arm. The two OFCs are tuned to be interleaved in the spectral domain, permitting simultaneous measurement of both polarization states from the same spatial region C close to the location of zero pathlength delay. The two polarization states of the beam in the sample arm are demultiplexed by interpolation after performing wavelength stabilization via a two-mirror calibration method. The system uses Jones matrix methods to measure quantitatively the round-trip phase retardation B-scans in the sample. A glass plate and quarter-wave plate were measured to validate the accuracy of the birefringence measurement. Further, we demonstrated the potential of this system for biomedical applications by measurement of chicken breast muscle.
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31
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Ding Z, Liang CP, Tang Q, Chen Y. Quantitative single-mode fiber based PS-OCT with single input polarization state using Mueller matrix. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:1828-43. [PMID: 26137383 PMCID: PMC4467718 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.001828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple but effective method to quantitatively measure the birefringence of tissue by an all single-mode fiber (SMF) based polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) with single input polarization state. We theoretically verify that our SMF based PS-OCT system can quantify the phase retardance and optic axis orientation after a simple calibration process using a quarter wave plate (QWP). Based on the proposed method, the quantification of the phase retardance and optic axis orientation of a Berek polarization compensator and biological tissues were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Ding
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072,
China
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Chia-Pin Liang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Qinggong Tang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
USA
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32
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Fu X, Patel D, Zhu H, MacLennan G, Wang YT, Jenkins MW, Rollins AM. Miniature forward-viewing common-path OCT probe for imaging the renal pelvis. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:1164-71. [PMID: 25909002 PMCID: PMC4399657 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.001164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an ultrathin flexible cone-scanning forward-viewing OCT probe which can fit through the working channel of a flexible ureteroscope for renal pelvis imaging. The probe is fabricated by splicing a 200 µm section of core-less fiber and a 150 µm section of gradient-index (GRIN) fiber to the end of a single mode (SM) fiber. The probe is designed for common-path OCT imaging where the back-reflection of the GRIN fiber/air interface is used as the reference signal. Optimum sensitivity was achieved with a 2 degree polished probe tip. A correlation algorithm was used to correct image distortion caused by non-uniform rotation of the probe. The probe is demonstrated by imaging human skin in vivo and porcine renal pelvis ex vivo and is suitable for imaging the renal pelvis in vivo for cancer staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
USA
| | - Dhruti Patel
- Department of Urology and Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
USA
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Urology and Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
USA
| | - Gregory MacLennan
- Department of Urology and Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
USA
| | - Yves T Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
USA
| | - Michael W Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
USA
| | - Andrew M Rollins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
USA
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33
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Radio frequency responsive nano-biomaterials for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2015; 204:85-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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34
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Li J, Feroldi F, de Lange J, Daniels JMA, Grünberg K, de Boer JF. Polarization sensitive optical frequency domain imaging system for endobronchial imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:3390-402. [PMID: 25836196 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.003390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A polarization sensitive endoscopic optical frequency domain imaging (PS-OFDI) system with a motorized distal scanning catheter is demonstrated. It employs a passive polarization delay unit to multiplex two orthogonal probing polarization states in depth, and a polarization diverse detection unit to detect interference signal in two orthogonal polarization channels. Per depth location four electro-magnetic field components are measured that can be represented in a complex 2x2 field matrix. A Jones matrix of the sample is derived and the sample birefringence is extracted by eigenvalue decomposition. The condition of balanced detection and the polarization mode dispersion are quantified. A complex field averaging method based on the alignment of randomly pointing field phasors is developed to reduce speckle noise. The variation of the polarization states incident on the tissue due to the circular scanning and catheter sheath birefringence is investigated. With this system we demonstrated imaging of ex vivo chicken muscle, in vivo pig lung and ex vivo human lung specimens.
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35
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Vogler N, Heuke S, Bocklitz TW, Schmitt M, Popp J. Multimodal Imaging Spectroscopy of Tissue. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2015; 8:359-87. [PMID: 26070717 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071114-040352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Advanced optical imaging technologies have experienced increased visibility in medical research, as they allow for a label-free and nondestructive investigation of tissue in either an excised state or living organisms. In addition to a multitude of ex vivo studies proving the applicability of these optical imaging approaches, a transfer of various modalities toward in vivo diagnosis is currently in progress as well. Furthermore, combining optical imaging techniques, referred to as multimodal imaging, allows for an improved diagnostic reliability due to the complementary nature of retrieved information. In this review, we provide a summary of ongoing multifold efforts in multimodal tissue imaging and focus in particular on in vivo applications for medical diagnosis. We also discuss the advantages and potential limitations of the imaging methods and outline opportunities for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Vogler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
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36
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Fiber-Based Polarization Diversity Detection for Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography. PHOTONICS 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics1040283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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