1
|
Cho S, Il Jang J, Min Kim H, Kim J, Chung H. Spatially offset Raman scattering line-mapping as an adaptive tool ensuring accuracy for determination of component concentrations in tablets with different particle sizes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 321:124751. [PMID: 38959689 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Spatially offset Raman scattering (SORS) line-mapping was explored as a versatile tool to examine accuracy variations in compositional analyses of tablets with different particle sizes. SORS spectra collected near the laser irradiation were less representative of tablet composition due to the limited spectroscopic sampling volume, while the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios of corresponding spectra were higher. On the other hand, SORS spectra at longer offset distances were better representative of tablet composition, while their S/N ratios were decreased considerably. Therefore, the use of only a certain portion of sliced (line-mapped) spectra balanced with the sample representation and S/N ratio could be advantageous to enhance accuracy. Moreover, a group of optimal slice spectra is expected to vary when the particle size of the tablet changes since the characteristics of internal photon propagation also would change. For the overall examination, SORS spectra of 30 Anaprox tablets (composed of 4 constituents including naproxen sodium) with 2 particle sizes (88.4 ± 11.8 µm and 118.9 ± 38.8 µm) were analyzed, and the concentrations of three components in these tablets were determined. A total of 6 cases (3 components and 2 particle sizes) were examined. When the average optimal slice spectra were employed in each case, the errors were lower compared to those using the average of all slice spectra. The demonstrated scheme was versatile to study the offset distance-dependent accuracy variations according to particle size and target component.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Il Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Min Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejin Kim
- Mokpo Marine Food-Industry Research Center, Mokpo-si, Jeollanam-do 58621, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hoeil Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Boudries R, Williams H, Paquereau-Gaboreau S, Bashir S, Hojjat Jodaylami M, Chisanga M, Trudeau LÉ, Masson JF. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanosensing and Imaging in Neuroscience. ACS NANO 2024; 18:22620-22647. [PMID: 39088751 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring neurochemicals and imaging the molecular content of brain tissues in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo is essential for enhancing our understanding of neurochemistry and the causes of brain disorders. This review explores the potential applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanosensors in neurosciences, where their adoption could lead to significant progress in the field. These applications encompass detecting neurotransmitters or brain disorders biomarkers in biofluids with SERS nanosensors, and imaging normal and pathological brain tissues with SERS labeling. Specific studies highlighting in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo analysis of brain disorders using fit-for-purpose SERS nanosensors will be detailed, with an emphasis on the ability of SERS to detect clinically pertinent levels of neurochemicals. Recent advancements in designing SERS-active nanomaterials, improving experimentation in biofluids, and increasing the usage of machine learning for interpreting SERS spectra will also be discussed. Furthermore, we will address the tagging of tissues presenting pathologies with nanoparticles for SERS imaging, a burgeoning domain of neuroscience that has been demonstrated to be effective in guiding tumor removal during brain surgery. The review also explores future research applications for SERS nanosensors in neuroscience, including monitoring neurochemistry in vivo with greater penetration using surface-enhanced spatially offset Raman scattering (SESORS), near-infrared lasers, and 2-photon techniques. The article concludes by discussing the potential of SERS for investigating the effectiveness of therapies for brain disorders and for integrating conventional neurochemistry techniques with SERS sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryma Boudries
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Hannah Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Soraya Paquereau-Gaboreau
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Neural Signalling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Center for Interdisciplinary Research on the Brain and Learning (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Saba Bashir
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Maryam Hojjat Jodaylami
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Malama Chisanga
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Louis-Éric Trudeau
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Neural Signalling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Center for Interdisciplinary Research on the Brain and Learning (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Masson
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Neural Signalling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Center for Interdisciplinary Research on the Brain and Learning (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lux A, Conti C, Botteon A, Mosca S, Matousek P. Theoretical and Practical Considerations of Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) and Micro-SORS. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2024:37028241270263. [PMID: 39093999 DOI: 10.1177/00037028241270263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is typically used to non-invasively investigate stratified samples that possess features on a millimeter scale, whereas micro-SORS usually deals with micrometer-thick layered samples. However, there are many instances where these boundaries are intertwined, sometimes indicating the possibility of using both techniques as well as circumstances that present mutual exclusion to their applicability. The aim of this study is to establish an application protocol that provides better insight into their suitability for deployment in various scenarios. The differences and similarities between the two approaches are investigated highlighting their strengths and limitations considering both theoretical and practical aspects. Diverse available parameters entail prospects and restrictions of both techniques and give rise to specific instrumental effects, namely, the overlap between the collection and excitation areas, the percentage of collected area for a given spatial offset, and the accuracy in the definition of the spatial offset (spread effect). These aspects are studied and exemplified on mockup samples relevant to the field of cultural heritage. The samples are characterized by high compositional complexity comprising features ranging from micrometer to millimeter scales. The conclusions reached are also relevant to other scientific areas such as biomedical, forensic, or energy harvest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Lux
- Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council (CNR-ISPC), Milan, Italy
- Sapienza University of Rome, Faculty of Literature, Department of Classics, Rome, Italy
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Claudia Conti
- Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council (CNR-ISPC), Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Botteon
- Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council (CNR-ISPC), Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Mosca
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Pavel Matousek
- Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council (CNR-ISPC), Milan, Italy
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mosca S, Mehta M, Skinner WH, Gardner B, Palombo F, Stone N, Matousek P. Active Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS): A Novel Concept for Enhancing Signal Contrast in Complex Matrices Using External Perturbation. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2024:37028241267898. [PMID: 39094008 DOI: 10.1177/00037028241267898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Noninvasive detection of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) signals from deep within tissue represents a common challenge in many biological and clinical applications including disease diagnosis and therapy monitoring. Such signals are typically weak and not readily discernible from often much larger Raman and fluorescence background signals (e.g., from surrounding tissue). Consequently, suboptimal sensitivity in the detection of SERS signals is often achieved in these situations. Similar issues can arise in SERS measurements in other diffusely scattering samples and complex matrices. Here, we propose a novel concept, active SERS, for the efficient retrieval of SERS signals from deep within complex matrices such as biological tissues that mitigates these issues. It relies on applying an external perturbation to the sample to alter the SERS signal from nanoparticles (NPs) deep inside the matrix. A measurement with and without, or before and after, such perturbation then can provide powerful contrasting data enabling an effective elimination of the matrix signals to reveal more clearly the desired SERS signal without the interfering background and associated artifacts. The concept is demonstrated using ultrasound (US) as an external source of perturbation and SERS NPs inserted deep within a heterogeneous tissue phantom mimicking a cluster of NPs accumulated within a small target lesion. The overall SERS signal intensity induced by the applied US perturbation decreased by ∼21% and the SERS signal contrast was considerably improved by eliminating subtraction artifacts present in a conventional measurement performed at a neighboring spatial location in a heterogeneous tissue sample. Although the technique was demonstrated with SERS gold NPs with a standard Raman label, it is envisaged that active SERS NPs (both the nanoscale metal geometry and Raman label) could be specifically designed to deliver an augmented response to the external stimulus to further enhance the achievable SERS signal contrast and yield even greater improvement in detection sensitivity. The method was demonstrated using transmission Raman spectroscopy; however, it is also applicable to other Raman implementations including spatially offset Raman spectroscopy and conventional Raman spectroscopy performed both at depth and at surfaces of complex matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mosca
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UKRI, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Megha Mehta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - William H Skinner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Benjamin Gardner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Francesca Palombo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Nicholas Stone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Pavel Matousek
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UKRI, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lopes AC, Kuznetsova M, Ferreira ATS, Wetter NU, Giarrizzo T, Martinelli Filho JE. Blue nests: The use of plastics in the nests of the crested oropendola (Psarocolius decumanus) on the Brazilian Amazon coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116695. [PMID: 38996758 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Birds have been impacted by plastic pollution via entanglement, accidental ingestion, and exposure to chemical contaminants. However, plastics were also observed as a nesting material for several species. For the first time, we describe the occurrence and composition of plastics in 36 nests of the crested oropendola (Psarocolius decumanus) in three different sites on the Amazon coast. Plastics were present in 67 % of abandoned, fallen nests. At the mangrove site, all nests contained plastics, while at the grassy clearing and the fishermen's village, plastics were present at 35.3 and 90 % of the nests, respectively. Blue fibers and ropes were the main plastics observed, probably derived from discarded fishing gear. Of 79 analyzed fibers, 97.5 % were composed of Polyethylene, and 83.5 % contained Cobalt Phthalocyanine as an additive. Our results showed a widespread use of plastics by P. decumanus, which may increase the exposure of both juveniles and adults to potential contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrielle Caroline Lopes
- Laboratório de Oceanografia Biológica and Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa s/n, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; Programa de pós-graduação em Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa s/n, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Maria Kuznetsova
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, CNEN - IPEN, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Niklaus Ursus Wetter
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, CNEN - IPEN, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Tommaso Giarrizzo
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, Fortaleza, CE 60165-081, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Martinelli Filho
- Laboratório de Oceanografia Biológica and Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa s/n, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; Programa de pós-graduação em Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa s/n, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu J, Xing J, Shao P, Ma X, Li P, Liu P, Zhang R, Chen W, Lei W, Xu RX. Raman spectroscopy with an improved support vector machine for discrimination of thyroid and parathyroid tissues. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202400084. [PMID: 38890800 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to discriminate thyroid and parathyroid tissues using Raman spectroscopy combined with an improved support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. In thyroid surgery, there is a risk of inadvertently removing the parathyroid glands. At present, there is a lack of research on using Raman spectroscopy to discriminate parathyroid and thyroid tissues. In this article, samples were obtained from 43 individuals with thyroid and parathyroid tissues for Raman spectroscopy analysis. This study employed partial least squares (PLS) to reduce dimensions of data, and three optimization algorithms are used to improve the classification accuracy of SVM algorithm model in spectral analysis. The results show that PLS-GA-SVM algorithm has higher diagnostic accuracy and better reliability. The sensitivity of this algorithm is 94.67% and the accuracy is 94.44%. It can be concluded that Raman spectroscopy combined with the PLS-GA-SVM diagnostic algorithm has significant potential for discriminating thyroid and parathyroid tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jinyu Xing
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Pengfei Shao
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ma
- First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Peikun Li
- General Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wang Lei
- General Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ronald X Xu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shehata M, Dodd S, Mosca S, Matousek P, Parmar B, Kevei Z, Anastasiadi M. Application of Spatial Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) and Machine Learning for Sugar Syrup Adulteration Detection in UK Honey. Foods 2024; 13:2425. [PMID: 39123616 PMCID: PMC11312281 DOI: 10.3390/foods13152425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Honey authentication is a complex process which traditionally requires costly and time-consuming analytical techniques not readily available to the producers. This study aimed to develop non-invasive sensor methods coupled with a multivariate data analysis to detect the type and percentage of exogenous sugar adulteration in UK honeys. Through-container spatial offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) was employed on 17 different types of natural honeys produced in the UK over a season. These samples were then spiked with rice and sugar beet syrups at the levels of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 50% w/w. The data acquired were used to construct prediction models for 14 types of honey with similar Raman fingerprints using different algorithms, namely PLS-DA, XGBoost, and Random Forest, with the aim to detect the level of adulteration per type of sugar syrup. The best-performing algorithm for classification was Random Forest, with only 1% of the pure honeys misclassified as adulterated and <3.5% of adulterated honey samples misclassified as pure. Random Forest was further employed to create a classification model which successfully classified samples according to the type of adulterant (rice or sugar beet) and the adulteration level. In addition, SORS spectra were collected from 27 samples of heather honey (24 Calluna vulgaris and 3 Erica cinerea) produced in the UK and corresponding subsamples spiked with high fructose sugar cane syrup, and an exploratory data analysis with PCA and a classification with Random Forest were performed, both showing clear separation between the pure and adulterated samples at medium (40%) and high (60%) adulteration levels and a 90% success at low adulteration levels (20%). The results of this study demonstrate the potential of SORS in combination with machine learning to be applied for the authentication of honey samples and the detection of exogenous sugars in the form of sugar syrups. A major advantage of the SORS technique is that it is a rapid, non-invasive method deployable in the field with potential application at all stages of the supply chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mennatullah Shehata
- Centre for Soil, Agrifood and Biosciences, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Sophie Dodd
- Centre for Soil, Agrifood and Biosciences, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Sara Mosca
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UKRI Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Pavel Matousek
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UKRI Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Bhavna Parmar
- Food Standards Agency, Clive House, 70 Petty France, Westminster, London SW1H 9EX, UK
| | - Zoltan Kevei
- Centre for Soil, Agrifood and Biosciences, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Maria Anastasiadi
- Centre for Soil, Agrifood and Biosciences, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Raj P, Wu L, Almeida C, Conway L, Tanwar S, Middendorf J, Barman I. Shining Light on Osteoarthritis: Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy as a Window into Cartilage Health. ACS Sens 2024; 9:3794-3804. [PMID: 38976969 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a complex tissue, and early detection of osteoarthritis (OA) is crucial for effective treatment. However, current imaging modalities lack molecular specificity and primarily detect late-stage changes. In this study, we propose the use of spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) for noninvasive, depth-dependent, and molecular-specific diagnostics of articular cartilage. We demonstrate the potential of SORS to penetrate deep layers of cartilage, providing a comprehensive understanding of disease progression. Our SORS measurements were characterized and validated through mechanical and histological techniques, revealing strong correlations between spectroscopic measurements and both Young's modulus and depth of cartilage damage. By longitudinally monitoring enzymatically degraded condyles, we further developed a depth-dependent damage-tracking method. Our analysis revealed distinct components related to sample depth and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) changes, offering a comprehensive picture of cartilage health. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of SORS as a valuable tool for enhancing OA management and improving patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Raj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Lintong Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Craig Almeida
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Lauren Conway
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Swati Tanwar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jill Middendorf
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chisanga M, Masson JF. Machine Learning-Driven SERS Nanoendoscopy and Optophysiology. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2024; 17:313-338. [PMID: 38701442 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061622-012448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
A frontier of analytical sciences is centered on the continuous measurement of molecules in or near cells, tissues, or organs, within the biological context in situ, where the molecular-level information is indicative of health status, therapeutic efficacy, and fundamental biochemical function of the host. Following the completion of the Human Genome Project, current research aims to link genes to functions of an organism and investigate how the environment modulates functional properties of organisms. New analytical methods have been developed to detect chemical changes with high spatial and temporal resolution, including minimally invasive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanofibers using the principles of endoscopy (SERS nanoendoscopy) or optical physiology (SERS optophysiology). Given the large spectral data sets generated from these experiments, SERS nanoendoscopy and optophysiology benefit from advances in data science and machine learning to extract chemical information from complex vibrational spectra measured by SERS. This review highlights new opportunities for intracellular, extracellular, and in vivo chemical measurements arising from the combination of SERS nanosensing and machine learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malama Chisanga
- Département de Chimie, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials, Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe, and Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l'Apprentissage, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada;
| | - Jean-Francois Masson
- Département de Chimie, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials, Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe, and Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l'Apprentissage, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stanek E, Majka Z, Czamara K, Mazurkiewicz J, Kaczor A. Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy toward In Vivo Assessment of the Adipose Tissue in Cardiometabolic Pathologies. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10373-10379. [PMID: 38865715 PMCID: PMC11209658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) enhanced the capabilities of Raman spectroscopy for the depth-resolved analysis of biological and diffusely scattering samples. This technique offers selective probing of subsurface layers, providing molecular insights without invasive procedures. While SORS has found application in biomedical research, up to now, studies have focused mainly on the detection of mineralization of bones and tissues. Herein, for the first time, SORS is used to assess the soft, organic tissue beneath the skin's surface. In this study, we demonstrate the diagnostic utility of a hand-held SORS device for evaluating the chemical composition of the adipose tissue. We compared perigonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) in a murine model of atherosclerosis, heart failure, and high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity. Our results reveal distinct chemical differences in gWAT between HFD-fed and control mice, showcasing the potential of SORS for intravital adipose tissue phenotype characterization. Furthermore, our findings underscore the effectiveness of SORS as a valuable tool for noninvasive assessment of the adipose tissue composition, holding potential diagnostic significance for metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Stanek
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University, 11 Lojasiewicza Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian
Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Majka
- Jagiellonian
Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Czamara
- Jagiellonian
Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Mazurkiewicz
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University, 11 Lojasiewicza Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kaczor
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lux A, Realini M, Botteon A, Maiwald M, Müller A, Sumpf B, Miliani C, Matousek P, Strobbia P, Conti C. Advanced portable micro-SORS prototype coupled with SERDS for heritage science. Analyst 2024; 149:2317-2327. [PMID: 38466379 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02215c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the subsurface composition of turbid materials at the micro scale by means of a portable non-invasive technique, micro-spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (micro-SORS), combined with shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS). This combination enables the microscale layer analysis and allows to deal effectively with highly fluorescing samples as well as ambient light, all in a form of an in-house portable prototype device optimised for applications in heritage science. The instrument comprises ability to simultaneously collect multiple spectra by means of an optical fibre bundle, thus reducing the dead time and simplifying the ease of deployment of the technique. The performance of the synergy between micro-SORS and 785 nm SERDS dual-wavelength diode laser is demonstrated on a stratified mock-up painting samples including highly fluorescing painted layers. This instrumental approach could be ground-breaking in heritage science, due to the largely unmet need of analysing the molecular composition of subsurface of artworks non-invasively and in situ, and in the presence of fluorescent background and ambient light. Moreover, many other fields are expected to benefit from this technological advancement such as solar energy, forensic and food analytical areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lux
- Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council (CNR-ISPC), Via Cozzi 53, 20125, Milan, Italy.
- Sapienza University of Rome, Faculty of Literature, Department of Classics, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - M Realini
- Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council (CNR-ISPC), Via Cozzi 53, 20125, Milan, Italy.
| | - A Botteon
- Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council (CNR-ISPC), Via Cozzi 53, 20125, Milan, Italy.
| | - M Maiwald
- Ferdinand-Braun-Institut Leibniz-Institut für Höchstfrequenztechnik, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 4, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Müller
- Ferdinand-Braun-Institut Leibniz-Institut für Höchstfrequenztechnik, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 4, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Sumpf
- Ferdinand-Braun-Institut Leibniz-Institut für Höchstfrequenztechnik, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 4, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Miliani
- Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council (CNR-ISPC), Via Cozzi 53, 20125, Milan, Italy.
| | - P Matousek
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - P Strobbia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 201 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, USA
| | - C Conti
- Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council (CNR-ISPC), Via Cozzi 53, 20125, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nicolson F, Andreiuk B, Lee E, O’Donnell B, Whitley A, Riepl N, Burkhart DL, Cameron A, Protti A, Rudder S, Yang J, Mabbott S, Haigis KM. In vivo imaging using surface enhanced spatially offset raman spectroscopy (SESORS): balancing sampling frequency to improve overall image acquisition. NPJ IMAGING 2024; 2:7. [PMID: 38939049 PMCID: PMC11210722 DOI: 10.1038/s44303-024-00011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
In the field of optical imaging, the ability to image tumors at depth with high selectivity and specificity remains a challenge. Surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) nanoparticles (NPs) can be employed as image contrast agents to specifically target cells in vivo; however, this technique typically requires time-intensive point-by-point acquisition of Raman spectra. Here, we combine the use of "spatially offset Raman spectroscopy" (SORS) with that of SERRS in a technique known as "surface enhanced spatially offset resonance Raman spectroscopy" (SESORRS) to image deep-seated tumors in vivo. Additionally, by accounting for the laser spot size, we report an experimental approach for detecting both the bulk tumor, subsequent delineation of tumor margins at high speed, and the identification of a deeper secondary region of interest with fewer measurements than are typically applied. To enhance light collection efficiency, four modifications were made to a previously described custom-built SORS system. Specifically, the following parameters were increased: (i) the numerical aperture (NA) of the lens, from 0.2 to 0.34; (ii) the working distance of the probe, from 9 mm to 40 mm; (iii) the NA of the fiber, from 0.2 to 0.34; and (iv) the fiber diameter, from 100 μm to 400 μm. To calculate the sampling frequency, which refers to the number of data point spectra obtained for each image, we considered the laser spot size of the elliptical beam (6 × 4 mm). Using SERRS contrast agents, we performed in vivo SESORRS imaging on a GL261-Luc mouse model of glioblastoma at four distinct sampling frequencies: par-sampling frequency (12 data points collected), and over-frequency sampling by factors of 2 (35 data points collected), 5 (176 data points collected), and 10 (651 data points collected). In comparison to the previously reported SORS system, the modified SORS instrument showed a 300% improvement in signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). The results demonstrate the ability to acquire distinct Raman spectra from deep-seated glioblastomas in mice through the skull using a low power density (6.5 mW/mm2) and 30-times shorter integration times than a previous report (0.5 s versus 15 s). The ability to map the whole head of the mouse and determine a specific region of interest using as few as 12 spectra (6 s total acquisition time) is achieved. Subsequent use of a higher sampling frequency demonstrates it is possible to delineate the tumor margins in the region of interest with greater certainty. In addition, SESORRS images indicate the emergence of a secondary tumor region deeper within the brain in agreement with MRI and H&E staining. In comparison to traditional Raman imaging approaches, this approach enables improvements in the detection of deep-seated tumors in vivo through depths of several millimeters due to improvements in SNR, spectral resolution, and depth acquisition. This approach offers an opportunity to navigate larger areas of tissues in shorter time frames than previously reported, identify regions of interest, and then image the same area with greater resolution using a higher sampling frequency. Moreover, using a SESORRS approach, we demonstrate that it is possible to detect secondary, deeper-seated lesions through the intact skull.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fay Nicolson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215, USA
| | - Bohdan Andreiuk
- Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Eunah Lee
- HORIBA Instruments Incorporated, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Bridget O’Donnell
- HORIBA Instruments Incorporated, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Honeywell International Inc., Fort Washington, PA 19034, USA
| | - Andrew Whitley
- HORIBA Instruments Incorporated, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Nicole Riepl
- College of Science, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Deborah L. Burkhart
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Amy Cameron
- Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215, USA
| | - Andrea Protti
- Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215, USA
| | - Scott Rudder
- Innovative Photonic Solutions, Monmouth Junction, Plainsboro Township, NJ 08852, USA
| | - Jiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Samuel Mabbott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, Emerging Technologies Building, College Station, TX 77840, USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies & Systems, Texas A & M Engineering Experiment Station, 600 Discovery Drive, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Kevin M. Haigis
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Botteon A, Vermeulen M, Cristina L, Bruni S, Matousek P, Miliani C, Realini M, Angelova L, Conti C. Advanced Microspatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy for Noninvasive Imaging of Concealed Texts and Figures Using Raman Signal, Fluorescence Emission, and Overall Spectral Intensity. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4535-4543. [PMID: 38456422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the possibility of using microspatially offset Raman spectroscopy (micro-SORS) imaging to reconstruct noninvasively letters and figures hidden by opaque layers. Micro-SORS experiments were conducted on mockup samples that mimic real situations encountered in the cultural heritage field, such as sealed letters with inaccessible text and original documents. Subsurface images were obtained using both the characteristic Raman bands of the hidden compounds and their different optical properties from the remaining matrix. In the latter case, contrast obtained through observing a difference in the overall spectral intensity and fluorescence profile rather than any specific Raman bands were used to track the images within the hidden layer. This approach opens new prospects for the use of micro-SORS in heritage science, with applications in the field that include the study of objects covered by opaque overlayers not only through their Raman signatures but also through differences in their optical properties (e.g., fluorescence emission, absorption).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Botteon
- Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council (CNR ISPC), Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Marc Vermeulen
- Collection Care Department, The National Archives (TNA), Bessant Drive, Kew TW9 4DU, U.K
| | - Laura Cristina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bruni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Pavel Matousek
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), Harwell Campus, Harwell OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Costanza Miliani
- Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council (CNR ISPC), Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Realini
- Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council (CNR ISPC), Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Lora Angelova
- Collection Care Department, The National Archives (TNA), Bessant Drive, Kew TW9 4DU, U.K
| | - Claudia Conti
- Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council (CNR ISPC), Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kotturi D, Paterson S, McShane M. Surface-Enhanced Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy in Tissue. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:81. [PMID: 38392000 PMCID: PMC10886963 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
One aim of personalized medicine is to use continuous or on-demand monitoring of metabolites to adjust prescription dosages in real time. Surface-enhanced spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SESORS) is an optical technique capable of detecting surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-active targets under a barrier, which may enable frequent metabolite monitoring. Here we investigate how the intensity of the signal from SERS-active material varies spatially through tissue, both experimentally and in a computational model. Implant-sized, SERS-active hydrogel was placed under different thicknesses of contiguous tissue. Emission spectra were collected at the air-tissue boundary over a range of offsets from the excitation site. New features were added to the Monte Carlo light-tissue interaction model to modify the optical properties after inelastic scattering and to calculate the distribution of photons as they exit the model. The Raman signals were detectable through all barrier thicknesses, with strongest emission for the case of 0 mm offset between the excitation and detector. A steep decline in the signal intensities occurred for offsets greater than 2 mm. These results did not match published SORS work (where targets were much larger than an implant). However, the model and experimental results agree in showing the greatest intensities at 0 mm offset and a steep gradient in the intensities with increasing offset. Also, the model showed an increase in the number of photons when the new, longer wavelengths were used following the Stokes shift for scattering and the graphical display of the exiting photons was helpful in the determination and confirmation of the optimal offset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayle Kotturi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA (S.P.)
| | - Sureyya Paterson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA (S.P.)
| | - Mike McShane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA (S.P.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Surowiec RK, Does MD, Nyman JS. In Vivo Assessment of Bone Quality Without X-rays. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:56-68. [PMID: 38227178 PMCID: PMC11050740 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00856-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes recent advances in the assessment of bone quality using non-X-ray techniques. RECENT FINDINGS Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) provides multiple measurements of bone characteristics based on the propagation of sound through bone, the attenuation of that sound, and different processing techniques. QUS parameters and model predictions based on backscattered signals can discriminate non-fracture from fracture cases with accuracy comparable to standard bone mineral density (BMD). With advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bound water and pore water, or a porosity index, can be quantified in several long bones in vivo. Since such imaging-derived measurements correlate with the fracture resistance of bone, they potentially provide new BMD-independent predictors of fracture risk. While numerous measurements of mineral, organic matrix, and bound water by Raman spectroscopy correlate with the strength and toughness of cortical bone, the clinical assessment of person's bone quality using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) requires advanced spectral processing techniques that minimize contaminating signals from fat, skin, and blood. Limiting exposure of patients to ionizing radiation, QUS, MRI, and SORS has the potential to improve the assessment of fracture risk and track changes of new therapies that target bone matrix and micro-structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Surowiec
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 550 N. University Blvd., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mark D Does
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave. S., Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave. S., Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, 400 24th Ave. S., Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Ave. S., Suite 4200, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr., Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gardner B, Haskell J, Matousek P, Stone N. Guided principal component analysis (GPCA): a simple method for improving detection of a known analyte. Analyst 2023; 149:205-211. [PMID: 38014742 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00820g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the application of Raman spectroscopy in a medical setting, ranging from supporting real-time clinical decisions e.g. surgical margins to assisting pathologists with disease classification. However, there remain a number of barriers for adoption in the medical setting due to the increased complexity of probing highly heterogeneous, dynamic biological materials. This inherent challenge can also limit the deployment of higher level analytical approaches such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) including convolutional neural networks (CNN), as there is a lack of a ground truth required for training purposes i.e. in complex clinical samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) is an unsupervised data reduction approach (orthogonal linear transformation) that has been used extensively in spectroscopy for 30+ years, due to its capability to simplify analysis of complex spectroscopic data. However, due to PCA being unsupervised features will inherently appear mixed and their rank may vary between experiments. Here we propose Guided PCA (GPCA), a simple approach that allows PCA to be guided with spectral data to ensure a consistent rank of a key target moiety by the inclusion of a reference (guiding) spectrum to the data set. This simplifies analysis, increases robustness of PCA analysis and improves quantification and the limits of detection and decreases RMSE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gardner
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK.
| | - Jennifer Haskell
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK.
| | - Pavel Matousek
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - Nicholas Stone
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dooley M, Luckett J, Alexander MR, Matousek P, Dehghani H, Ghaemmaghami AM, Notingher I. Optimization of diffuse Raman spectroscopy for in-vivo quantification of foreign body response in a small animal model. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:6592-6606. [PMID: 38420302 PMCID: PMC10898571 DOI: 10.1364/boe.512118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Diffuse Raman spectroscopy (DRS) allows subsurface molecular analysis of optically turbid samples. Numerical modeling of light propagation was used as a method for improving the design of an DRS instrument to maximize the signal to noise ratio (SNR) while ensuring safe laser exposure parameters required for in-vivo measurements. Experimental validation of the model was performed on both phantom samples and disks implanted postmortem to mimic the typical response to foreign bodies (formation of a fibrotic capsule around an implant). A reduction of laser exposure of over 1500-fold was achieved over previous studies whilst maintaining the same Raman collection rates and reaching the safe power density of 3 mW/mm2. The validation of this approach in a subcutaneous implant in a mouse cadaver showed a further improvement of 1.5-fold SNR, with a thickness limit of detection for the fibrotic layer of 23 µm, under the same acquisition times. In the animal body, a thickness limit of detection of 16 µm was achieved. These results demonstrate the feasibility of numerical model-based optimization for DRS, and that the technique can be improved sufficiently to be used for in-vivo measurement of collagenous capsule formation as a result of the foreign body response in murine models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Dooley
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jeni Luckett
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Pavel Matousek
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), Harwell Oxford OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- School of Computer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Amir M. Ghaemmaghami
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ioan Notingher
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Peterson M, Kurouski D. Non-Destructive Identification of Dyes on Fabric Using Near-Infrared Raman Spectroscopy. Molecules 2023; 28:7864. [PMID: 38067594 PMCID: PMC10708237 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fabric is a commonly found piece of physical evidence at most crime scenes. Forensic analysis of fabric is typically performed via microscopic examination. This subjective approach is primarily based on pattern recognition and, therefore, is often inconclusive. Most of the fabric material found at crime scenes is colored. One may expect that a confirmatory identification of dyes can be used to enhance the reliability of the forensic analysis of fabric. In this study, we investigated the potential of near-infrared Raman spectroscopy (NIRS) in the confirmatory, non-invasive, and non-destructive identification of 15 different dyes on cotton. We found that NIRS was able to resolve the vibrational fingerprints of all 15 colorants. Using partial-squared discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), we showed that NIRS enabled ~100% accurate identification of dyes based on their vibrational signatures. These findings open a new avenue for the robust and reliable forensic analysis of dyes on fabric directly at crime scenes. Main conclusion: a hand-held Raman spectrometer and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) approaches enable highly accurate identification of dyes on fabric.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzi Peterson
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Dmitry Kurouski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Šušnjar S, Martelli F, Mosca S, Venkata Sekar SK, Swartling J, Reistad N, Farina A, Pifferi A. Two-layer reconstruction of Raman spectra in diffusive media based on an analytical model in the time domain. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:40573-40591. [PMID: 38041354 DOI: 10.1364/oe.504105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
We derive and validate an analytical model that describes the migration of Raman scattered photons in two-layer diffusive media, based on the diffusion equation in the time domain. The model is derived under a heuristic approximation that background optical properties are identical on the excitation and Raman emission wavelengths. Methods for the reconstruction of two-layer Raman spectra have been developed, tested in computer simulations and validated on tissue-mimicking phantom measurements data. Effects of different parameters were studied in simulations, showing that the thickness of the top layer and number of detected photon counts have the most significant impact on the reconstruction. The concept of quantitative, mathematically rigorous reconstruction using the proposed model was finally proven on experimental measurements, by successfully separating the spectra of silicone and calcium carbonate (calcite) layers, showing the potential for further development and eventual application in clinical diagnostics.
Collapse
|
20
|
Mosca S, Lin Q, Stokes R, Bharucha T, Gangadharan B, Clarke R, Fernandez LG, Deats M, Walsby-Tickle J, Arman BY, Chunekar SR, Patil KD, Gairola S, Van Assche K, Dunachie S, Merchant HA, Kuwana R, Maes A, McCullagh J, Caillet C, Zitzmann N, Newton PN, Matousek P. Innovative method for rapid detection of falsified COVID-19 vaccines through unopened vials using handheld Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS). Vaccine 2023; 41:6960-6968. [PMID: 37865599 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Preventing, detecting, and responding to substandard and falsified vaccines is of critical importance for ensuring the safety, efficacy, and public trust in vaccines. This is of heightened importance in context of public health crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, in which extreme world-wide shortages of vaccines provided a fertile ground for exploitation by falsifiers. Here, a proof-of-concept study explored the feasibility of using a handheld Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) device to authenticate COVID-19 vaccines through rapid analysis of unopened vaccine vials. The results show that SORS can verify the chemical identity of dominant excipients non-invasively through vaccine vial walls. The ability of SORS to identify potentially falsified COVID-19 vaccines was demonstrated by measurement of surrogates for falsified vaccines contained in vaccine vials. In all cases studied, the SORS technique was able to differentiate between surrogate samples from the genuine COVISHIELD™ vaccine. The genuine vaccines tested included samples from six batches across two manufacturing sites to account for any potential variations between batches or manufacturing sites. Batch and manufacturing site variations were insignificant. In conjunction with existing security features, for example on labels and packaging, SORS provided an intrinsic molecular fingerprint of the dominant excipients of the vaccines. The technique could be extended to other COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 vaccines, as well as other liquid medicines. As handheld and portable SORS devices are commercially available and widely used for other purposes, such as airport security, they are rapidly deployable non-invasive screening tools for vaccine authentication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mosca
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UKRI, Harwell Campus, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Qianqi Lin
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UKRI, Harwell Campus, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Robert Stokes
- Agilent Technologies LDA UK, Becquerel Avenue, Didcot OX11 0RA, UK
| | - Tehmina Bharucha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Bevin Gangadharan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Rebecca Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Laura Gomez Fernandez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Michael Deats
- Medicine Quality Research Group, NDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, Centre of Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK
| | | | - Benediktus Yohan Arman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | | | - Kundan D Patil
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., 212/2, Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India
| | - Sunil Gairola
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., 212/2, Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India
| | - Kerlijn Van Assche
- Medicine Quality Research Group, NDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, Centre of Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK
| | - Susanna Dunachie
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Hamid A Merchant
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Rutendo Kuwana
- Regulation and Safety Unit, Regulation and Prequalification Department, Access to Medicines and Health Products Division, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandrine Maes
- Regulation and Safety Unit, Regulation and Prequalification Department, Access to Medicines and Health Products Division, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - James McCullagh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Céline Caillet
- Medicine Quality Research Group, NDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, Centre of Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK
| | - Nicole Zitzmann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Paul N Newton
- Medicine Quality Research Group, NDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, Centre of Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK.
| | - Pavel Matousek
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UKRI, Harwell Campus, OX11 0QX, UK; Medicine Quality Research Group, NDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, Centre of Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xie H, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Bao Z, Lin L, Ye J. Locating Three-Dimensional Position of Deep-Seated SERS Phantom Lesions in Thick Tissues Using Tomographic Transmission Raman Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44665-44675. [PMID: 37704185 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Locating distinct objects within a thick scattering medium remains a long-standing challenge in the fields of materials science, health, and engineering. Transmission Raman spectroscopy (TRS) with the use of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles has proven to be an effective approach to detect deep-seated lesions inside thick biological tissues. However, it has not yet been proven to spatially locate deep lesions in three dimensions using optical modalities. Herein, we present the concept of tomographic TRS and report its successful use for accurately locating SERS nanoparticles in elongated rod-like thick tissues. Our work starts with theoretical simulations of Raman photon propagation in tissues. We discovered a linear relationship between the Raman spectral peak ratio and propagation distance of Raman photons in tissues, allowing us to predict the location of lesions tagged by SERS NPs. Based on this, we propose a two-step tomographic TRS strategy, which includes axial scanning and ring scanning. We demonstrate the robustness of our approach using ex vivo thick tissue (4.5 cm in thickness) and locate an embedded SERS phantom lesion, with a ring scanning step of 10-30°. We successfully locate multiple SERS phantom lesions in the ex vivo porcine muscle stack with high accuracy (absolute error of <2 mm). Our method is rapid, efficient, and of low cost compared to current tomographic medical imaging techniques. This work advances Raman techniques for three-dimensional positioning and offers new insights toward practical diagnosis applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of biomedical engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of biomedical engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Zongyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of biomedical engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Zhouzhou Bao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China
| | - Li Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of biomedical engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of biomedical engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
- Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Raj P, Wu L, Almeida C, Conway L, Tanwar S, Middendorf J, Barman I. Shining Light on Osteoarthritis: Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy as a Window into Cartilage Health. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.14.553328. [PMID: 37645996 PMCID: PMC10462085 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.14.553328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a complex tissue, and early detection of osteoarthritis (OA) is crucial for effective treatment. However, current imaging modalities lack molecular specificity and primarily detect late-stage changes. In this study, we propose the use of Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) for non-invasive, depth-dependent, and molecular-specific diagnostics of articular cartilage. We demonstrate the potential of SORS to penetrate deep layers of cartilage, providing a comprehensive understanding of disease progression. Our SORS measurements were characterized and validated through mechanical and histological techniques, revealing strong correlations between spectroscopic measurements and both Young's modulus and depth of cartilage damage. By longitudinally monitoring enzymatically degraded condyles, we further developed a depth-dependent damage-tracking method. Our analysis revealed distinct components related to sample depth and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) changes, offering a comprehensive picture of cartilage health. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of SORS as a valuable tool for enhancing OA management and improving patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Raj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lintong Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Craig Almeida
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lauren Conway
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Swati Tanwar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jill Middendorf
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu Z, Deng B, Zhou Y, Xie H, Zhang Y, Lin L, Ye J. Non-Invasive Detection, Precise Localization, and Perioperative Navigation of In Vivo Deep Lesions Using Transmission Raman Spectroscopy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301721. [PMID: 37340601 PMCID: PMC10460859 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive detection and precise localization of deep lesions have attracted significant attention for both fundamental and clinical studies. Optical modality techniques are promising with high sensitivity and molecular specificity, but are limited by shallow tissue penetration and the failure to accurately determine lesion depth. Here the authors report in vivo ratiometric surface-enhanced transmission Raman spectroscopy (SETRS) for non-invasive localization and perioperative surgery navigation of deep sentinel lymph nodes in live rats. The SETRS system uses ultrabright surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) nanoparticles with a low detection limit of 10 pM and a home-built photosafe transmission Raman spectroscopy setup. The ratiometric SETRS strategy is proposed based on the ratio of multiple Raman spectral peaks for obtaining lesion depth. Via this strategy, the depth of the phantom lesions in ex vivo rat tissues is precisely determined with a mean-absolute-percentage-error of 11.8%, and the accurate localization of a 6-mm-deep rat popliteal lymph node is achieved. The feasibility of ratiometric SETRS allows the successful perioperative navigation of in vivo lymph node biopsy surgery in live rats under clinically safe laser irradiance. This study represents a significant step toward the clinical translation of TRS techniques, providing new insights for the design and implementation of in vivo SERS applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of biomedical engineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030P. R. China
| | - Binge Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of biomedical engineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030P. R. China
| | - Yutong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of biomedical engineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030P. R. China
| | - Haoqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of biomedical engineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030P. R. China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of biomedical engineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030P. R. China
| | - Li Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of biomedical engineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030P. R. China
| | - Jian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of biomedical engineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030P. R. China
- Institute of Medical RoboticsShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fernández-Galiana Á, Bibikova O, Vilms Pedersen S, Stevens MM. Fundamentals and Applications of Raman-Based Techniques for the Design and Development of Active Biomedical Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2210807. [PMID: 37001970 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is an analytical method based on light-matter interactions that can interrogate the vibrational modes of matter and provide representative molecular fingerprints. Mediated by its label-free, non-invasive nature, and high molecular specificity, Raman-based techniques have become ubiquitous tools for in situ characterization of materials. This review comprehensively describes the theoretical and practical background of Raman spectroscopy and its advanced variants. The numerous facets of material characterization that Raman scattering can reveal, including biomolecular identification, solid-to-solid phase transitions, and spatial mapping of biomolecular species in bioactive materials, are highlighted. The review illustrates the potential of these techniques in the context of active biomedical material design and development by highlighting representative studies from the literature. These studies cover the use of Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of both natural and synthetic biomaterials, including engineered tissue constructs, biopolymer systems, ceramics, and nanoparticle formulations, among others. To increase the accessibility and adoption of these techniques, the present review also provides the reader with practical recommendations on the integration of Raman techniques into the experimental laboratory toolbox. Finally, perspectives on how recent developments in plasmon- and coherently-enhanced Raman spectroscopy can propel Raman from underutilized to critical for biomaterial development are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Fernández-Galiana
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Olga Bibikova
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Simon Vilms Pedersen
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gozdzialski L, Wallace B, Hore D. Point-of-care community drug checking technologies: an insider look at the scientific principles and practical considerations. Harm Reduct J 2023; 20:39. [PMID: 36966319 PMCID: PMC10039693 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-023-00764-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug checking is increasingly being explored outside of festivals and events to be an ongoing service within communities, frequently integrated within responses to illicit drug overdose. The choice of instrumentation is a common question, and the demands on these chemical analytical instruments can be challenging as illicit substances may be more complex and include highly potent ingredients at trace levels. The answer remains nuanced as the instruments themselves are not directly comparable nor are the local demands on the service, meaning implementation factors heavily influence the assessment and effectiveness of instruments. In this perspective, we provide a technical but accessible introduction to the background of a few common drug checking methods aimed at current and potential drug checking service providers. We discuss the following tools that have been used as part of the Vancouver Island Drug Checking Project in Victoria, Canada: immunoassay test strips, attenuated total reflection IR-absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy from powder samples, surface-enhanced Raman scattering in a solution of colloidal gold nanoparticles, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Using four different drug mixtures received and tested at the service, we illustrate the strengths, limitations, and capabilities of such instruments, and expose the scientific theory to give further insight into their analytical results. Each case study provides a walk-through-style analysis for a practical comparison between data from several different instruments acquired on the same sample. Ideally, a single instrument would be able to achieve all of the objectives of drug checking. However, there is no clear instrument that ticks every box; low cost, portable, rapid, easy-to-use and provides highly sensitive identification and accurate quantification. Multi-instrument approaches to drug checking may be required to effectively respond to increasingly complex and highly potent substances demanding trace level detection and the potential for quantification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Gozdzialski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Bruce Wallace
- School of Social Work, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8W 2Y2, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Dennis Hore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8W 3V6, Canada.
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8W 2Y2, Canada.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8W 3P6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sheehy G, Picot F, Dallaire F, Ember K, Nguyen T, Petrecca K, Trudel D, Leblond F. Open-sourced Raman spectroscopy data processing package implementing a baseline removal algorithm validated from multiple datasets acquired in human tissue and biofluids. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:025002. [PMID: 36825245 PMCID: PMC9941747 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.2.025002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Standardized data processing approaches are required in the field of bio-Raman spectroscopy to ensure information associated with spectral data acquired by different research groups, and with different systems, can be compared on an equal footing. AIM An open-sourced data processing software package was developed, implementing algorithms associated with all steps required to isolate the inelastic scattering component from signals acquired using Raman spectroscopy devices. The package includes a novel morphological baseline removal technique (BubbleFill) that provides increased adaptability to complex baseline shapes compared to current gold standard techniques. Also incorporated in the package is a versatile tool simulating spectroscopic data with varying levels of Raman signal-to-background ratios, baselines with different morphologies, and varying levels of stochastic noise. RESULTS Application of the BubbleFill technique to simulated data demonstrated superior baseline removal performance compared to standard algorithms, including iModPoly and MorphBR. The data processing workflow of the open-sourced package was validated in four independent in-human datasets, demonstrating it leads to inter-systems data compatibility. CONCLUSIONS A new open-sourced spectroscopic data pre-processing package was validated on simulated and real-world in-human data and is now available to researchers and clinicians for the development of new clinical applications using Raman spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Sheehy
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fabien Picot
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédérick Dallaire
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katherine Ember
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tien Nguyen
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kevin Petrecca
- McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dominique Trudel
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Center Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Department of Pathology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Leblond
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang Y, Chen R, Liu F, Miao P, Lin L, Ye J. In Vivo Surface-Enhanced Transmission Raman Spectroscopy under Maximum Permissible Exposure: Toward Photosafe Detection of Deep-Seated Tumors. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201334. [PMID: 36572635 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The detection of deep-seated lesions is of great significance for biomedical applications. However, due to the strong photon absorption and scattering of biological tissues, it is challenging to realize in vivo deep optical detections, particularly for those using the safe laser irradiance below clinical maximum permissible exposure (MPE). In this work, the combination of ultra-bright surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotags and transmission Raman spectroscopy (TRS) is reported to achieve the non-invasive and photosafe detection of "phantom" lesions deeply hidden in biological tissues, under the guidance of theoretical calculations showing the importance of SERS nanotags' brightness and the expansion of laser beam size. Using a home-built TRS system with a laser power density of 0.264 W cm-2 (below the MPE criteria), we successfully demonstrated the detection of SERS nanotags through up to 14-cm-thick ex vivo porcine tissues, as well as in vivo imaging of "phantom" lesions labeled by SERS nanotags in a 1.5-cm-thick unshaved mouse under MPE. This work highlights the potential of transmission Raman-guided identification and non-invasive imaging toward clinically photosafe cancer diagnoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Ruoyu Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Fugang Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Peng Miao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ye
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Al-Attili M, Ferreira C, Price C, Faulds K, Chen YC. Development of a Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy Probe for Monitoring Pharmaceutical Drying. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
|
29
|
Odion RA, Vo-Dinh T. Optical recognition of constructs using hyperspectral imaging and detection (ORCHID). Sci Rep 2022; 12:21141. [PMID: 36476976 PMCID: PMC9729193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Challenges to deep sample imaging have necessitated the development of special techniques such as spatially offset optical spectroscopy to collect signals that have travelled through several layers of tissue. However, these techniques provide only spectral information in one dimension (i.e., depth). Here, we describe a general and practical method, referred to as Optical Recognition of Constructs Using Hyperspectral Imaging and Detection (ORCHID). The sensing strategy integrates (1) the spatial offset detection concept by computationally binning 2D optical data associated with digital offsets based on selected radial pixel distances from the excitation source; (2) hyperspectral imaging using tunable filter; and (3) digital image binding and collation. ORCHID is a versatile modality that is designed to collect optical signals deep inside samples across three spatial (X, Y, Z) as well as spectral dimensions. The ORCHID method is applicable to various optical techniques that exhibit narrow-band structures, from Raman scattering to quantum dot luminescence. Samples containing surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active gold nanostar probes and quantum dots embedded in gel were used to show a proof of principle for the ORCHID concept. The resulting hyperspectral data cube is shown to spatially locate target emitting nanoparticle volumes and provide spectral information for in-depth 3D imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren A. Odion
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Tuan Vo-Dinh
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
New Raman spectroscopic methods’ application in forensic science. TALANTA OPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2022.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
31
|
PÉREZ-BELTRÁN CH, PÉREZ–CABALLERO G, ANDRADE JM, CUADROS-RODRÍGUEZ L, JIMÉNEZ-CARVELO AM. Non-targeted Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy-based vanguard analytical method to authenticate spirits: White Tequilas as a case study. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
32
|
Qu C, Li Y, Du S, Geng Y, Su M, Liu H. Raman spectroscopy for rapid fingerprint analysis of meat quality and security: Principles, progress and prospects. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
33
|
Be Rziņš KR, Mapley JI, Gordon KC, Fraser-Miller SJ. Evaluating Spatially Offset Low-Frequency Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (SOLFARS) for Detecting Subsurface Composition below an Emissive Layer: A Proof of Principle Study Using a Model Bilayer System. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4311-4319. [PMID: 36170046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This work explores the potential use of spatially offset low-frequency anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (SOLFARS) to detect subsurface composition below an emissive surface. A range of bilayer tablets were used to evaluate this approach. Bilayer tablets differed in both the underlying layer composition (active pharmaceutical ingredient to excipient ratio, celecoxib: α-lactose monohydrate) and the upper layer thickness of the fluorescent coating (polyvinylpyrrolidone mixture with sunset yellow FCF dye). Two low- (<300 cm-1) plus mid- (300 to 1800 cm-1) frequency Raman instrumental setups, with lateral displacements for spatial analysis of solid dosage forms, using different excitation wavelengths were explored. The 532 nm system was used to illustrate how the low-frequency anti-Stokes Raman approach works with samples exhibiting extreme fluorescence/background emission interference, and the 785 nm system was used to demonstrate the performance when less extreme fluorescence/emission is present. Qualitative and quantitative chemometric analyses were performed to evaluate the performance of individual spectral domains and their combinations for the determination of the composition of the subsurface layer as well as the coating layer thickness. Overall, the commonly used midfrequency region (300-1800 cm-1) proved superior when using 785 nm incident laser for quantifying the coating thickness (amorphous materials), whereas a combined Stokes and anti-Stokes low-frequency region was found to be superior for quantifying underlying crystalline materials. When exploring individual spectral regions for subsurface composition using spatially offset measurements, the anti-Stokes LFR spectral window performed best. The anti-Stokes low-frequency range also demonstrated an advantage for models composed of data exhibiting high levels of fluorescence (e.g., data collected using 532 nm incident laser), as the Stokes scattering was masked by fluorescence. Transmission measurements were also explored for comparison and showed the best applicability for both upper and lower layer analysis, attributed to the inherently larger bulk sampling volume of this setup. From a practical perspective, these results highlight the potential adjustments that can be made to already existing (in-line) Raman setups to facilitate similar analysis in pharmaceutical industry-based settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Rlis Be Rziņš
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1165, Denmark
| | - Joseph I Mapley
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Keith C Gordon
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Sara J Fraser-Miller
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lucas IT, Bazin D, Daudon M. Raman opportunities in the field of pathological calcifications. CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
35
|
Vardaki MZ, Georg Schulze H, Serrano K, Blades MW, Devine DV, F B Turner R. Assessing the quality of stored red blood cells using handheld Spatially Offset Raman spectroscopy with multisource correlation analysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 276:121220. [PMID: 35395462 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work we employ Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) to non-invasively identify storage-related changes in red blood cell concentrate (RCC) in-situ within standard plastic transfusion bags. To validate the measurements, we set up a parallel study comparing both bioanalytical data (obtained by blood-gas analysis, hematology analysis and spectrophotometric assays), and Raman spectrometry data from the same blood samples. We then employ Multisource Correlation Analysis (MuSCA) to correlate the different types of data in RCC. Our analysis confirmed a strong correlation of glucose, methemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin with their respective bioassay values in RCC units. Finally, by combining MuSCA with k-means clustering, we assessed changes in all Raman wavenumbers during cold storage in both RCC Raman data from the current study and parallel RCC supernatant Raman data previously acquired from the same units. Direct RCC quality monitoring during storage, would help to establish a basis for improved inventory management of blood products in blood banks and hospitals based on analytical data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Z Vardaki
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - H Georg Schulze
- Monte do Tojal, Caixa Postal 128, Hortinhas, Terena 7250-069, Portugal
| | - Katherine Serrano
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6 T 2B5, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6 T 1Z3, Canada; Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services
| | - Michael W Blades
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6 T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Dana V Devine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6 T 2B5, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6 T 1Z3, Canada; Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services
| | - Robin F B Turner
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6 T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6 T 1Z1, Canada; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6 T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Berry M, McCabe SM, Sloan-Dennison S, Laing S, Shand NC, Graham D, Faulds K. Tomographic Imaging and Localization of Nanoparticles in Tissue Using Surface-Enhanced Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31613-31624. [PMID: 35801671 PMCID: PMC9305698 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental question crucial to surface-enhanced spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SESORS) imaging and implementing it in a clinical setting for in vivo diagnostic purposes is whether a SESORS image can be used to determine the exact location of an object within tissue? To address this question, multiple experimental factors pertaining to the optical setup in imaging experiments using an in-house-built point-collection-based spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) system were investigated to determine those critical to the three-dimensional (3D) positioning capability of SESORS. Here, we report the effects of the spatial offset magnitude and geometry on locating nanoparticles (NPs) mixed with silica powder as an imaging target through tissue and outline experimental techniques to allow for the correct interpretation of SESORS images to ascertain the correct location of NPs in the two-dimensional x, y-imaging plane at depth. More specifically, the effect of "linear offset-induced image drag" is presented, which refers to a spatial distortion in SESORS images caused by the magnitude and direction of the linear offset and highlight the need for an annular SORS collection geometry during imaging to neutralize these asymmetric effects. Additionally, building on these principles, the concept of "ratiometric SESORS imaging" is introduced for the location of buried inclusions in three dimensions. Together these principles are vital in developing a methodology for the location of surface-enhanced Raman scattering-active inclusions in three dimensions. This approach utilizes the relationship between the magnitude of the spatial offset, the probed depth, and ratiometric analysis of the NP and tissue Raman intensities to ultimately image and spatially discriminate between two distinct NP flavors buried at different depths within a 3D model for the first time. This research demonstrates how to accurately identify multiple objects at depth in tissue and their location using SESORS which addresses a key capability in moving SESORS closer to use in biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
E. Berry
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Samantha M. McCabe
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Sian Sloan-Dennison
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Stacey Laing
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Neil C. Shand
- The
Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, U.K.
| | - Duncan Graham
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Karen Faulds
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu Z, Huang M, Zhu Q, Qin J, Kim MS. A packaged food internal Raman signal separation method based on spatially offset Raman spectroscopy combined with FastICA. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 275:121154. [PMID: 35306304 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy attempts to reflect food quality by characterizing molecular vibration and rotation. However, the blocking of optical signals by packaging materials and the interference of the optical signal generated by the packaging itself make the detection of internal food quality without destroying packaging highly difficult. In this regard, this paper proposes a novel packaged food internal signal separation based on spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) coupled with improved fast independent component analysis (FastICA). Firstly, the Raman scattering image of the packaged food with offset laser incident point was obtained. Then, the movable quadratic mean of information entropy was used to select the observation feature region of the image. Thirdly, the main independents decomposed by the optimized FastICA method were identified by spectral attenuation characteristics of the SORS peak signal. Finally, the non-negativity of the separated signal was ensured by baseline recognition and correction. The effectiveness of this method was verified by refactoring the similarity between the signal and the reference signal by testing three different packaging and four internal materials under standard experimental conditions. The applicability of the method was proved by the internal signal separation of three packaged foods on sale. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can separate the Raman signal of packaged food and can be used as a pretreatment method and auxiliary analysis means for the detection of packaged food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Min Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Qibing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jianwei Qin
- USDA/ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Bldg., 303, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Ave., MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - Moon S Kim
- USDA/ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Bldg., 303, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Ave., MD 20705-2350, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Krishna R, Colak I. Advances in Biomedical Applications of Raman Microscopy and Data Processing: A Mini Review. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2094391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Krishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science, Madanapalle, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Ohm Janki Biotech Research Private Limited, India
| | - Ilhami Colak
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dooley M, Paterson T, Dexter L, Matousek P, Dehghani H, Notingher I. Model-Based Optimization of Laser Excitation and Detection Improves Spectral Contrast in Noninvasive Diffuse Raman Spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 76:801-811. [PMID: 35081779 DOI: 10.1177/00037028211072900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a powerful technique for subsurface molecular analysis of optically turbid samples. Numerical modeling of light propagation has been used to investigate opportunities for improving spectral contrast and signal to noise ratio when imaging regions of interest located 0-4.5 mm below the surface in polymer bulk material. Two- and three-dimensional modeling results demonstrate that when analyzing a certain region of interest (ROI) of finite lateral dimensions below the sample surface, offsetting both the laser source and detector in opposite directions from the central point of the ROI can increase the spectral contrast as compared to conventional SORS approach where the detector or the laser source is maintained at the central point (centered SORS). The outlined modeling results have been validated experimentally using a bulk polymer sample with a trans-stilbene ROI (cylinder) below the sample surface. The results show that modeling of the spatial configurations of laser excitation and detection points can be used to optimize the instrument configuration to achieve significant improvements (up to 2.25-fold) in performance over the conventional centered SORS. Such optimal solutions can then be implemented, for example, using robust fiber optic probes, moveable optics, or flexible spatial light modulator instruments for specific applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Dooley
- School of Physics and Astronomy, 6123University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Thomas Paterson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, 6123University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Louise Dexter
- School of Physics and Astronomy, 6123University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Pavel Matousek
- Central Laser Facility, UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, UK
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- School of Computer Sciences, 1724University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ioan Notingher
- School of Physics and Astronomy, 6123University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Czamara K, Majka Z, Stanek E, Hachlica N, Kaczor A. Raman studies of the adipose tissue: Current state-of-art and future perspectives in diagnostics. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 87:101183. [PMID: 35961483 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The last decades revealed that the adipose tissue shows an unexplored therapeutic potential. In particular, targeting the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), that surrounds blood vessels, can prevent cardiovascular pathologies and browning of the adipose tissue can become an effective strategy against obesity. Therefore, new analytical tools are necessary to analyze this tissue. This review reports on the recent developments of various Raman-based techniques for the identification and quantification of the adipose tissue compared to conventional analytical methods. In particular, the emphasis is on analysis of PVAT, investigation of pathological changes of the adipose tissue in model systems and possibilities for its characterization in the clinical context. Overall, the review critically discusses the potential and limitations of Raman techniques in adipose tissue-targeted diagnostics and possible future anti-obesity therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Czamara
- Jagiellonian Centre of Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Zuzanna Majka
- Jagiellonian Centre of Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Stanek
- Jagiellonian Centre of Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Hachlica
- Jagiellonian Centre of Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kaczor
- Jagiellonian Centre of Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Duan C, Li J, Zhang Y, Ding K, Geng X, Guan Y. Portable instruments for on-site analysis of environmental samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
42
|
Wang N, Ren F, Li L, Wang H, Wang L, Zeng Q, Song Y, Zeng T, Zhu S, Chen X. Quantitative chemical sensing of drugs in scattering media with Bessel beam Raman spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:2488-2502. [PMID: 35519250 PMCID: PMC9045933 DOI: 10.1364/boe.455666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Scattering can seriously affect the highly sensitive detection and quantitative analysis of chemical substances in scattering media and becomes a significant challenge for in vivo application of Raman spectroscopy. In this study, we demonstrated a proof of concept for using the self-reconstructing Bessel beam for Raman spectroscopic sensing of the chemicals in the handmade scattering media and biological tissue slices. The homebuilt Bessel beam Raman spectroscopy (BRS) was capable of accurately detecting the Raman spectra of the chemicals buried in the scattering media, and had a superiority in quantitative analysis. The feasibility of the developed technique was verified by detecting the Raman spectra of pure samples in air. Compared with the spectra acquired by the Gaussian beam Raman spectroscope, the performance of the BRS system in terms of Raman spectrum detection and Raman peak recognition was confirmed. Subsequently, by employing the technique for the detection of acetaminophen buried in the scattering media, the application of the new technology in detecting and quantitating the chemicals in the scattering media were underlined, offering greater detection depth and better linear quantification capability than the conventional Gaussian beam Raman spectroscopy. Finally, we explored the potential of the BRS system for chemical sensing of acetaminophen in biological tissue slices, indicating a significant development towards the evaluation of drug in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- Equal contributors
| | - Feng Ren
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- Equal contributors
| | - Li Li
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Yali Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shouping Zhu
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Xueli Chen
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Shillito GE, Mcmillan L, Bruce GD, Dholakia K. To focus-match or not to focus-match inverse spatially offset Raman spectroscopy: a question of light penetration. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:8876-8888. [PMID: 35299330 DOI: 10.1364/oe.451496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability to identify the contents of a sealed container, without the need to extract a sample, is desirable in applications ranging from forensics to product quality control. One technique suited to this is inverse spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (ISORS) which illuminates a sample of interest with an annular beam of light and collects Raman scattering from the center of the ring, thereby retrieving the chemical signature of the contents while suppressing signal from the container. Here we explore in detail the relative benefits of a recently developed variant of ISORS, called focus-matched ISORS. In this variant, the Fourier relationship between the annular beam and a tightly focused Bessel beam is exploited to focus the excitation light inside the sample and to match the focal point of excitation and collection optics to increase the signal from the contents without compromising the suppression of the container signal. Using a flexible experimental setup which can realize both traditional and focus-matched ISORS, and Monte-Carlo simulations, we elucidate the relative advantages of the two techniques for a range of optical properties of sample and container.
Collapse
|
44
|
Jimenez-Carvelo AM, Arroyo-Cerezo A, Bikrani S, Jia W, Koidis A, Cuadros-Rodríguez L. Rapid and non-destructive spatially offset Raman spectroscopic analysis of packaged margarines and fat-spread products. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
45
|
Kouri MA, Spyratou E, Karnachoriti M, Kalatzis D, Danias N, Arkadopoulos N, Seimenis I, Raptis YS, Kontos AG, Efstathopoulos EP. Raman Spectroscopy: A Personalized Decision-Making Tool on Clinicians' Hands for In Situ Cancer Diagnosis and Surgery Guidance. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1144. [PMID: 35267451 PMCID: PMC8909093 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate in situ diagnosis and optimal surgical removal of a malignancy constitute key elements in reducing cancer-related morbidity and mortality. In surgical oncology, the accurate discrimination between healthy and cancerous tissues is critical for the postoperative care of the patient. Conventional imaging techniques have attempted to serve as adjuvant tools for in situ biopsy and surgery guidance. However, no single imaging modality has been proven sufficient in terms of specificity, sensitivity, multiplexing capacity, spatial and temporal resolution. Moreover, most techniques are unable to provide information regarding the molecular tissue composition. In this review, we highlight the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a spectroscopic technique with high detection sensitivity and spatial resolution for distinguishing healthy from malignant margins in microscopic scale and in real time. A Raman spectrum constitutes an intrinsic "molecular finger-print" of the tissue and any biochemical alteration related to inflammatory or cancerous tissue state is reflected on its Raman spectral fingerprint. Nowadays, advanced Raman systems coupled with modern instrumentation devices and machine learning methods are entering the clinical arena as adjunct tools towards personalized and optimized efficacy in surgical oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anthi Kouri
- Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (M.A.K.); (E.S.); (M.K.)
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Medical Physics Program, Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Kennedy College of Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 265 Riverside Street, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Ellas Spyratou
- Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (M.A.K.); (E.S.); (M.K.)
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Politechniou 9, 15780 Athens, Greece; (Y.S.R.); (A.G.K.)
| | - Maria Karnachoriti
- Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (M.A.K.); (E.S.); (M.K.)
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Politechniou 9, 15780 Athens, Greece; (Y.S.R.); (A.G.K.)
| | - Dimitris Kalatzis
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Danias
- 4th Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens, 1 Rimini Street, 12462 Athens, Greece; (N.D.); (N.A.)
| | - Nikolaos Arkadopoulos
- 4th Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens, 1 Rimini Street, 12462 Athens, Greece; (N.D.); (N.A.)
| | - Ioannis Seimenis
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Assias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Yannis S. Raptis
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Politechniou 9, 15780 Athens, Greece; (Y.S.R.); (A.G.K.)
| | - Athanassios G. Kontos
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Politechniou 9, 15780 Athens, Greece; (Y.S.R.); (A.G.K.)
| | - Efstathios P. Efstathopoulos
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Berry ME, McCabe SM, Shand NC, Graham D, Faulds K. Depth prediction of nanotags in tissue using surface enhanced spatially offset Raman scattering (SESORS). Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1756-1759. [PMID: 35029618 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04455a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A model for the prediction of the depth of two 'flavours' of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active nanotags embedded within porcine tissue is demonstrated using ratiometric analysis. Using a handheld spatially offset Raman (SORS) instrument, SESORS signals could be detected from nanotags at depths down to 48 mm for the first time using a backscattering SORS geometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Berry
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
| | - Samantha M McCabe
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
| | - Neil C Shand
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL), Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Botteon A, Kim WH, Colombo C, Realini M, Castiglioni C, Matousek P, Kim BM, Kwon TH, Conti C. Non-destructive Monitoring of Dye Depth Profile in Mesoporous TiO 2 Electrodes of Solar Cells with Micro-SORS. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2966-2972. [PMID: 35104115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The dye distribution within a photo-electrode is a key parameter in determining the performances of dye-sensitized photon-to-electron conversion devices, such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A traditional, depth profiling investigation by destructive means including cross-sectional sampling is unsuitable for large quality control applications in manufacturing processes. Therefore, a non-destructive monitoring of the dye depth profile is required, which is the first step toward a non-destructive evaluation of the internal degradation of the device in the field. Here, we present a conceptual demonstration of the ability to monitor the dye depth profile within the light active layer of DSSCs by non-destructive means with high chemical specificity using a recently developed non-destructive/non-invasive Raman method, micro-spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (micro-SORS). Micro-SORS is able to probe through turbid materials, providing the molecular identification of compounds located under the surface, without the need of resorting to a cross-sectional analysis. The study was performed on the photo-electrode of DSSCs. This represents the first demonstration of the micro-SORS concept in the solar cell area as well as, more generally, the application of micro-SORS to the thinnest layer to date. A sample set has been prepared with varying concentrations of the dye and the thickness of the matrix consisting of a titanium dioxide layer. The results showed that micro-SORS can unequivocally discriminate between the homogeneous and inhomogeneous dye depth profiles. Moreover, micro-SORS outcomes have been compared with the results obtained with destructive time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements. The results of the two techniques are in good agreement, confirming the reliability of micro-SORS analysis. Therefore, this study is expected to pave the way for establishing a wider and more effective monitoring capability in this important field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Botteon
- Institute of Heritage Science (ISPC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Wang-Hyo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,Center for Wave Energy Materials, UNIST, 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiara Colombo
- Institute of Heritage Science (ISPC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Realini
- Institute of Heritage Science (ISPC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Castiglioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Pavel Matousek
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), Harwell, Oxford OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Byung-Man Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,Center for Wave Energy Materials, UNIST, 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyuk Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,Center for Wave Energy Materials, UNIST, 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Claudia Conti
- Institute of Heritage Science (ISPC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kenry, Nicolson F, Clark L, Panikkanvalappil SR, Andreiuk B, Andreou C. Advances in Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for in Vivo Imaging in Oncology. Nanotheranostics 2022; 6:31-49. [PMID: 34976579 PMCID: PMC8671959 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.62970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, the application of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles for preclinical cancer imaging has attracted increasing attention. Raman imaging with SERS nanoparticles offers unparalleled sensitivity, providing a platform for molecular targeting, and granting multiplexed and multimodal imaging capabilities. Recent progress has been facilitated not only by the optimization of the SERS contrast agents themselves, but also by the developments in Raman imaging approaches and instrumentation. In this article, we review the principles of Raman scattering and SERS, present advances in Raman instrumentation specific to cancer imaging, and discuss the biological means of ensuring selective in vivo uptake of SERS contrast agents for targeted, multiplexed, and multimodal imaging applications. We offer our perspective on areas that must be addressed in order to facilitate the clinical translation of SERS contrast agents for in vivo imaging in oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenry
- Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Fay Nicolson
- Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Louise Clark
- Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Bohdan Andreiuk
- Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chrysafis Andreou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy (RS) is used to analyze the physiochemical properties of bone because it is non-destructive and requires minimal sample preparation. With over two decades of research involving measurements of mineral-to-matrix ratio, type-B carbonate substitution, crystallinity, and other compositional characteristics of the bone matrix by RS, there are multiple methods to acquire Raman signals from bone, to process those signals, and to determine peak ratios including sub-peak ratios as well as the full-width at half maximum of the most prominent Raman peak, which is nu1 phosphate (ν1PO4). Selecting which methods to use is not always clear. Herein, we describe the components of RS instruments and how they influence the quality of Raman spectra acquired from bone because signal-to-noise of the acquisition and the accompanying background fluorescence dictate the pre-processing of the Raman spectra. We also describe common methods and challenges in preparing acquired spectra for the determination of matrix properties of bone. This article also serves to provide guidance for the analysis of bone by RS with examples of how methods for pre-processing the Raman signals and for determining properties of bone composition affect RS sensitivity to potential differences between experimental groups. Attention is also given to deconvolution methods that are used to ascertain sub-peak ratios of the amide I band as a way to assess characteristics of collagen type I. We provide suggestions and recommendations on the application of RS to bone with the goal of improving reproducibility across studies and solidify RS as a valuable technique in the field of bone research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Unal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, 70200, Turkey.
- Department of Bioengineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey 70200
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey 70200
| | - Rafay Ahmed
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Anita Mahadevan-Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Guo S, Popp J, Bocklitz T. Chemometric analysis in Raman spectroscopy from experimental design to machine learning-based modeling. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:5426-5459. [PMID: 34741152 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is increasingly being used in biology, forensics, diagnostics, pharmaceutics and food science applications. This growth is triggered not only by improvements in the computational and experimental setups but also by the development of chemometric techniques. Chemometric techniques are the analytical processes used to detect and extract information from subtle differences in Raman spectra obtained from related samples. This information could be used to find out, for example, whether a mixture of bacterial cells contains different species, or whether a mammalian cell is healthy or not. Chemometric techniques include spectral processing (ensuring that the spectra used for the subsequent computational processes are as clean as possible) as well as the statistical analysis of the data required for finding the spectral differences that are most useful for differentiation between, for example, different cell types. For Raman spectra, this analysis process is not yet standardized, and there are many confounding pitfalls. This protocol provides guidance on how to perform a Raman spectral analysis: how to avoid these pitfalls, and strategies to circumvent problematic issues. The protocol is divided into four parts: experimental design, data preprocessing, data learning and model transfer. We exemplify our workflow using three example datasets where the spectra from individual cells were collected in single-cell mode, and one dataset where the data were collected from a raster scanning-based Raman spectral imaging experiment of mice tissue. Our aim is to help move Raman-based technologies from proof-of-concept studies toward real-world applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Guo
- Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT Jena), Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Centre of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT Jena), Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Centre of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Bocklitz
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT Jena), Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Jena, Germany. .,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Centre of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|