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Krizanac M, Mass Sanchez PB, Weiskirchen R, Schröder SK. Overview of the expression patterns and roles of Lipocalin 2 in the reproductive system. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1365602. [PMID: 38645429 PMCID: PMC11026566 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1365602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The 25 kDa-sized protein Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) was originally isolated from human neutrophil granulocytes more than 30 years ago. LCN2 is an emerging player in innate immune defense, as it reduces bacterial growth due to its ability to sequester iron-containing bacterial siderophores. On the other hand, LCN2 also serves as a transporter for various hydrophobic substances due to its β-barrel shaped structure. Over the years, LCN2 has been detected in many other cell types including epithelial cells, astrocytes, and hepatocytes. Studies have clearly shown that aberrant expression of LCN2 is associated with a variety of disorders and malignancies, including several diseases of the reproductive system. Furthermore, LCN2 was proposed as a non-invasive prognostic and/or diagnostic biomarker in this context. Although several studies have shed light on the role of LCN2 in various disorders of the female and male reproductive systems, including tumorigenesis, a comprehensive understanding of the physiological function of LCN2 in the reproductive tract is still lacking. However, there is evidence that LCN2 is directly related to fertility, as global depletion of Lcn2 in mice has a negative effect on their pregnancy rate. Since LCN2 expression can be regulated by steroid hormones, it is not surprising that its expression fluctuates greatly during remodeling processes in the female reproductive tract, especially in the uterus. Well-founded details about the expression and regulation of LCN2 in a healthy reproductive state and also about possible changes during reproductive aging could contribute to a better understanding of LCN2 as a target in various diseases. Therefore, the present review summarizes current knowledge about LCN2 in the reproductive system, including studies in rodents and humans, and discusses changes in LCN2 expression during pathological events. The limited data suggest that LCN2 is expressed and regulated differently in healthy male and female reproductive organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah K. Schröder
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Haque R, Lee J, Chung JY, Shin HY, Kim H, Kim JH, Yun JW, Kang ES. VGLL3 expression is associated with macrophage infiltration and predicts poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1152991. [PMID: 37342190 PMCID: PMC10277618 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1152991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objective High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most common histologic type of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Due to its poor survival outcomes, it is essential to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The hippo pathway is crucial in various cancers, including gynaecological cancers. Herein, we examined the expression of the key genes of the hippo pathway and their relationship with clinicopathological significance, immune cells infiltration and the prognosis of HGSOC. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data were curated to analyse the mRNA expression as well as the clinicopathological association and correlation with immune cell infiltration in HGSOC. The protein levels of significant genes in the HGSOC tissue were analysed using Tissue Microarray (TMA)-based immunohistochemistry. Finally, DEGs pathway analysis was performed to find the signalling pathways associated with VGLL3. Results VGLL3 mRNA expression was significantly correlated with both advanced tumor stage and poor overall survival (OS) (p=0.046 and p=0.003, respectively). The result of IHC analysis also supported the association of VGLL3 protein with poor OS. Further, VGLL3 expression was significantly associated with tumor infiltrating macrophages. VGLL3 expression and macrophages infiltration were both found to be independent prognostic factors (p=0.003 and p=0.024, respectively) for HGSOC. VGLL3 was associated with four known and three novel cancer-related signalling pathways, thus implying that VGLL3 is involved in the deregulation of many genes and pathways. Conclusion Our study revealed that VGLL3 may play a distinct role in clinical outcomes and immune cell infiltration in patients with HGSOC and that it could potentially be a prognostic marker of EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razaul Haque
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebon Lee
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ha-Yeon Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Yun
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Suk Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Asaf S, Maqsood F, Jalil J, Sarfraz Z, Sarfraz A, Mustafa S, Ojeda IC. Lipocalin 2-not only a biomarker: a study of current literature and systematic findings of ongoing clinical trials. Immunol Res 2022; 71:287-313. [PMID: 36529828 PMCID: PMC9760530 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, is an innate immune protein encoded by the LCN2 gene. In this study, we investigated various roles and functions of Lcn2 characterized in a systems-based format and evaluated its therapeutic potentials and clinical relevance for diagnosis and prognosis. An additional systematic presentation was presented for 70 ongoing clinical trials utilizing Lcn2 in the diagnostic and prognostic setting as a key outcome measure. With trials being conducted through December 2030, Lcn2 will become all the more relevant given its associations with diseases as a prognostic biomarker. Data also suggests that it plays a role in pathological conditions. The gaps in our understanding of Lcn2, once filled, may improve the immune mediation of acute and chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Azza Sarfraz
- The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
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Daniluk K, Lange A, Pruchniewski M, Małolepszy A, Sawosz E, Jaworski S. Delivery of Melittin as a Lytic Agent via Graphene Nanoparticles as Carriers to Breast Cancer Cells. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040278. [PMID: 36547538 PMCID: PMC9787603 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melittin, as an agent to lyse biological membranes, may be a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer. However, because of its nonspecific actions, there is a need to use a delivery method. The conducted research determined whether carbon nanoparticles, such as graphene and graphene oxide, could be carriers for melittin to breast cancer cells. The studies included the analysis of intracellular pH, the potential of cell membranes, the type of cellular transport, and the expression of receptor proteins. By measuring the particle size, zeta potential, and FT-IT analysis, we found that the investigated nanoparticles are connected by electrostatic interactions. The level of melittin encapsulation with graphene was 86%, while with graphene oxide it was 78%. A decrease in pHi was observed for all cell lines after administration of melittin and its complex with graphene. The decrease in membrane polarization was demonstrated for all lines treated with melittin and its complex with graphene and after exposure to the complex of melittin with graphene oxide for the MDA-MB-231 and HFFF2 lines. The results showed that the investigated melittin complexes and the melittin itself act differently on different cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7). It has been shown that in MDA-MD-231 cells, melittin in a complex with graphene is transported to cells via caveolin-dependent endocytosis. On the other hand, the melittin-graphene oxide complex can reach breast cancer cells through various types of transport. Other differences in protein expression changes were also observed for tumor lines after exposure to melittin and complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Daniluk
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Lange
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Pruchniewski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Małolepszy
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-654 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-225936675
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Candido S, Tomasello B, Lavoro A, Falzone L, Gattuso G, Russo A, Paratore S, McCubrey JA, Libra M. Bioinformatic analysis of the LCN2–SLC22A17–MMP9 network in cancer: The role of DNA methylation in the modulation of tumor microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:945586. [PMID: 36211450 PMCID: PMC9532607 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.945586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several features of cancer cells such as proliferation, invasion, metastatic spreading, and drug resistance are affected by their interaction with several tumor microenvironment (TME) components, including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), solute carrier family 22 member 17 (SLC22A17), and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9). These molecules play a key role in tumor growth, invasion, and iron-dependent metabolism of cancer cells. However, the precise epigenetic mechanisms underlying the gene regulation of Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), SLC22A17, and MMP9 in cancer still remain unclear. To this purpose, computational analysis was performed on TCGA and GTEx datasets to evaluate the expression and DNA methylation status of LCN2, SLC22A17, and MMP9 genes in different tumor types. Correlation analysis between gene/isoforms expression and DNA methylation levels of LCN2, SLC22A17, and MMP9 was performed to investigate the role of DNA methylation in the modulation of these genes. Protein network analysis was carried out using reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) data to identify protein–protein interactions of the LCN2–SLC22A17–MMP9 network. Furthermore, survival analysis was performed according to gene expression and DNA methylation levels. Our results demonstrated that LCN2 and MMP9 were mainly upregulated in most tumor types, whereas SLC22A17 was largely downregulated, representing a specific hallmark signature for all gastrointestinal tumors. Notably, the expression of LCN2, SLC22A17, and MMP9 genes was negatively affected by promoter methylation. Conversely, intragenic hypermethylation was associated with the overexpression of SLC22A17 and MMP9 genes. Protein network analysis highlighted the role of the LCN2–SLC22A17–MMP9 network in TME by the interaction with fibronectin 1 and claudin 7, especially in rectal tumors. Moreover, the impact of expression and methylation status of LCN2, SLC22A17, and MMP9 on overall survival and progression free interval was tumor type–dependent. Overall, our analyses provide a detailed overview of the expression and methylation status of LCN2, SLC22A17, and MMP9 in all TCGA tumors, indicating that the LCN2–SLC22A17–MMP9 network was strictly regulated by DNA methylation within TME. Our findings pave the way for the identification of novel DNA methylation hotspots with diagnostic and prognostic values and suitable for epi-drug targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- *Correspondence: Saverio Candido,
| | - Barbara Tomasello
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lavoro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Russo
- Pathological Anatomy Unit, ARNAS Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Sabrina Paratore
- Pathological Anatomy Unit, ARNAS Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Winther MF, Haugaard SL, Pihl TH, Jacobsen S. Concentrations of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin are increased in serum and peritoneal fluid from horses with inflammatory abdominal disease and non-strangulating intestinal infarctions. Equine Vet J 2022; 55:426-434. [PMID: 35642326 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is produced in response to inflammation in horses, but it has not yet been investigated as a biomarker in horses with abdominal disease. OBJECTIVES To investigate NGAL in serum and peritoneal fluid in horses with abdominal disease. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective clinical study. METHODS Data from medical records of 270 horses admitted with acute abdominal disease (simple obstructions [n=43], strangulating obstructions [n=104], inflammatory abdominal disease [n=99], non-strangulating intestinal infarction [NSII, n=24]) and 9 healthy control horses were reviewed, and serum and peritoneal fluid samples were retrieved from a biobank. NGAL was measured in serum and peritoneal fluid by ELISA. Differences in NGAL concentrations between groups were assessed. RESULTS Healthy horses had low serum and peritoneal fluid concentrations of NGAL (median = 21.0 and 9.5 μg/L, respectively). Neither serum nor peritoneal fluid NGAL concentrations (median serum, peritoneal fluid) differed between healthy horses and horses with simple (28.1 μg/L, 13.0 μg/L) and strangulating intestinal obstructions (34.7 μg/L, 38.4 μg/L). Horses with NSII (308.0 μg/L, 2163.0 μg/L) and inflammatory abdominal disease (171.1 μg/L, 314.1 μg/L) had higher serum and peritoneal fluid concentrations of NGAL than the other groups (P<0.001). Peritoneal fluid NGAL concentrations in horses with NSII were higher than in horses with inflammatory abdominal disease (P=0.03). MAIN LIMITATIONS Retrospective study design; small group of control horses. CONCLUSIONS NGAL is a marker of inflammation in horses with abdominal disease. The high peritoneal fluid concentration of NGAL in horses with NSII compared to all other groups may render NGAL useful for identifying this condition, which is otherwise difficult to differentiate from other types of peritonitis. Thereby, NGAL may potentially facilitate timely surgical intervention in this group of patients. The results of this study must be evaluated in larger, and preferably prospective, studies to obtain a more comprehensive evaluation of the diagnostic utility of NGAL. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malou F Winther
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon L Haugaard
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina H Pihl
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Jacobsen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Dholariya S, Gupta R, Radadiya M, Agarwal P. NGAL/MMP-9 as a biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer: A case–control diagnostic accuracy study. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 10:25-30. [PMID: 35283706 PMCID: PMC8869267 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_581_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are often diagnosed late due to lack of specific symptoms and efficient tumor markers. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin/matrix metallopeptidase-9 (NGAL/MMP-9) complex are involved in the development and progression of various cancers and have potential as a biomarker for diagnosing ovarian cancer. Objectives: To compare the serum NGAL/MMP-9 complex levels in patients with EOC, benign ovarian tumor, and healthy controls, and determine the potential cut-off values of NGAL/MMP-9 complex for diagnosing EOC. Materials and Methods: The study included 50 patients each with EOC and benign ovarian tumor, along with 50 age-matched healthy controls (N = 150). The level of serum NGAL/MMP-9 complex was estimated based on sandwich ELISA. The mean and median of the three groups were compared, and the ROC curve was used to determine the optimum cut-off, sensitivity, and specificity of serum NGAL/MMP-9 complex levels in the diagnosis of EOC. Results: A significant difference was found in the median values of the NGAL/MMP-9 complex (malignant EOC: 67.5 ng/ml, benign ovarian tumor: 53.7 ng/ml, controls: 29.2 ng/ml; P < 0.01). NGAL/MMP-9 complex level was also significantly associated with the FIGO staging (Stages I and II: 42.9 ng/ml; Stages III and IV: 70.5 ng/ml; P < 0.003). At a 55.0 ng/ml cut-off value, the NGAL/MMP-9 complex had 82.0% sensitivity and 78.0% specificity in diagnosing EOC. Conclusion: The NGAL/MMP-9 complex may be a promising biomarker for determining the progression of EOC as well as in detecting advanced-stage ovarian cancer.
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Hsieh YH, Tsai JP, Yu CL, Lee CC, Hsu JC, Chen JC. Overexpression of Lipocalin-2 Inhibits Proliferation and Invasiveness of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells by Activating ERK Targeting Cathepsin D Expression. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050390. [PMID: 34062746 PMCID: PMC8147321 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) exhibits pro- and anti-carcinogenic effects in several cancers, but its role in the progression of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains poorly understood. We observed that the overexpression of LCN2 inhibits GBM cell proliferation and invasion via activation of ERK-induced CTSD expression. LCN2 overexpression may be a treatment strategy and prognostic marker for GBM. Abstract Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) exhibits pro- and anti-carcinogenic effects in several cancers, but its role in the progression of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the effect of LCN2 in human GBM cell, and the mechanism underlying its effects on GBM malignant progression. We observed that LCN2 expression was significantly lower in GBM than in normal tissues and was associated with poorer GBM patient survival. LCN2-overexpressing GBM cells showed significantly reduced proliferation and migration/invasion abilities. Human protease antibody array analysis showed that the expression of cathepsin D (CTSD) protein and mRNA was lower in LCN2-overexpressing GBM cells than in controls. Higher CTSD expression was observed in GBM tumors than in normal tissues, and higher CTSD expression was associated with poorer overall and disease-free survival. LCN2-overexpressing GBM cells exhibited increased ERK phosphorylation. Treatment of these cells with a MEK inhibitor (U0126) restored CTSD expression, cell migration, and cell invasiveness. In conclusion, LCN2 might be serving as a prognostic marker and promising anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic target for treating GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (C.-L.Y.); (J.-C.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Pi Tsai
- Department of Medicine Research, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan; (J.-P.T.); (C.-C.L.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lin Yu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (C.-L.Y.); (J.-C.H.)
| | - Chu-Che Lee
- Department of Medicine Research, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan; (J.-P.T.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Jen-Chieh Hsu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (C.-L.Y.); (J.-C.H.)
| | - Jin-Cherng Chen
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97071, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Perego S, Sansoni V, Ziemann E, Lombardi G. Another Weapon against Cancer and Metastasis: Physical-Activity-Dependent Effects on Adiposity and Adipokines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042005. [PMID: 33670492 PMCID: PMC7922129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physically active behavior has been associated with a reduced risk of developing certain types of cancer and improved psychological conditions for patients by reducing anxiety and depression, in turn improving the quality of life of cancer patients. On the other hand, the correlations between inactivity, sedentary behavior, and overweight and obesity with the risk of development and progression of various cancers are well studied, mainly in middle-aged and elderly subjects. In this article, we have revised the evidence on the effects of physical activity on the expression and release of the adipose-tissue-derived mediators of low-grade chronic inflammation, i.e., adipokines, as well as the adipokine-mediated impacts of physical activity on tumor development, growth, and metastasis. Importantly, exercise training may be effective in mitigating the side effects related to anti-cancer treatment, thereby underlining the importance of encouraging cancer patients to engage in moderate-intensity activities. However, the strong need to customize and adapt exercises to a patient’s abilities is apparent. Besides the preventive effects of physically active behavior against the adipokine-stimulated cancer risk, it remains poorly understood how physical activity, through its actions as an adipokine, can actually influence the onset and development of metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Perego
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Milano, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); or
| | - Veronica Sansoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Milano, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); or
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0266214068
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; or
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Milano, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); or
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; or
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Predictive and Prognostic Role of Lipocalin-2 Expression in Prostate Cancer and Its Association with Gleason Score. Prostate Cancer 2021; 2021:8836043. [PMID: 33542838 PMCID: PMC7840261 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8836043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 has an important role in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. However, its role in prostate cancer remains unclear. The objective of this study is to determine the expression level of lipocalin-2 in human prostate cancer tissues and to evaluate the relationship between its expression level and clinicopathologic parameters including response to docetaxel treatment, Gleason score, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). We retrospectively analyzed paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 33 metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients whose clinical outcomes had been tracked after docetaxel treatment. The expression status of lipocalin-2 was defined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the anti-lipocalin-2 antibody. Lipocalin-2 was highly expressed in 36% of the examined specimens. There was no significant correlation between high lipocalin-2 expression and docetaxel response (p : 0.09). High lipocalin-2 expression was significantly associated with a higher Gleason score (p=0.027). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis failed to show a significant correlation between expression levels of lipocalin-2 and both OS and PFS although patients with high lipocalin-2 levels had a numerically shorter PFS and OS time compared to patients with low levels. Consequently, it is clear that further studies are needed to evaluate the predictive and prognostic role of lipocalin-2 in prostate cancer patients.
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Lu Y, Li W, Liu G, Yang Y, Xiao E, Mu S, Guo Y, Li D, Yan G. Identification of critical pathways and potential therapeutic targets in poorly differentiated duodenal papilla adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:9. [PMID: 33407508 PMCID: PMC7789135 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duodenal papilla carcinoma (DPC) is a rare malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract with high recurrence rate, and the pathogenesis of this highly malignant neoplasm is yet to be fully elucidated. This study aims to identify key genes to further understand the biology and pathogenesis underlying the molecular alterations driving DPC, which could be potential diagnostic or therapeutic targets. Methods Tumor samples of three DPC patients were collected and integrating RNA-seq analysis of tumor tissues and matched normal tissues were performed to discover differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were carried out to understand the potential bio-functions of the DPC differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed for functional modules analysis and identification of hub genes. qRT-PCR of clinical samples was conducted to validate the expression level of the hub genes. Results A total of 110 DEGs were identified from our RNA-seq data, GO and KEGG analyses showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in multiple cancer-related functions and pathways, such as cell proliferation, IL-17signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway. The PPI network screened out five hub genes including IL-6, LCN2, FABP4, LEP and MMP1, which were identified as core genes in the network and the expression value were validated by qRT-PCR. The hub genes identified in this work were suggested to be potential therapeutic targets of DPC. Discussion The current study may provide new insight into the exploration of DPC pathogenesis and the screened hub genes may serve as potential diagnostic indicator and novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiang Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wensen Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yongbo Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongmou People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Erwei Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Senmao Mu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China. .,School of Clinical Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Guoyi Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China. .,School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
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12
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Iron Dysregulation in Human Cancer: Altered Metabolism, Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, Monitoring and Rationale for Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123524. [PMID: 33255972 PMCID: PMC7761132 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Iron is the more abundant metal ion in humans. It is essential for life as it has a role in various cellular processes involved, for instance, in cell metabolism and DNA synthesis. These functions are crucial for cell proliferation, and it is therefore not surprising that iron is accumulated in tumors. In this review, we describe normal and altered iron homeostasis mechanisms. We also provide a vision of iron-related proteins with altered expression in cancers and discuss their potential as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers. Finally, we give an overview of therapeutic strategies acting on iron metabolism to fight against cancers. Abstract Iron (Fe) is a trace element that plays essential roles in various biological processes such as DNA synthesis and repair, as well as cellular energy production and oxygen transport, and it is currently widely recognized that iron homeostasis is dysregulated in many cancers. Indeed, several iron homeostasis proteins may be responsible for malignant tumor initiation, proliferation, and for the metastatic spread of tumors. A large number of studies demonstrated the potential clinical value of utilizing these deregulated proteins as prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers of malignancy and/or response to anticancer treatments. Additionally, the iron present in cancer cells and the importance of iron in ferroptosis cell death signaling pathways prompted the development of therapeutic strategies against advanced stage or resistant cancers. In this review, we select relevant and promising studies in the field of iron metabolism in cancer research and clinical oncology. Besides this, we discuss some co-existing discrepant findings. We also present and discuss the latest lines of research related to targeting iron, or its regulatory pathways, as potential promising anticancer strategies for human therapy. Iron chelators, such as deferoxamine or iron-oxide-based nanoparticles, which are already tested in clinical trials, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, are also reported.
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13
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Hao P, Li H, Wu A, Zhang J, Wang C, Xian X, Ren Q, Hao N, Wang Y, Yue F, Cui H. Lipocalin2 promotes cell proliferation and migration in ovarian cancer through activation of the ERK/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Life Sci 2020; 262:118492. [PMID: 32980390 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalin2 (Lcn2) has been shown to be a vital regulator of tumorigenesis in a variety of different cancers. However, its expression patterns and possible roles in ovarian cancer remain obscure. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of Lcn2 in ovarian cancer cells and to determine any potential association between Lcn2 and ovarian tumor development and cancer progression. Our results indicated that Lcn2 was upregulated in tumor tissue from ovarian cancer patients as well as in three ovarian cancer cell lines compared to normal tissues and cells. Overexpression of Lcn2 promoted both cell proliferation and migration in ovarian cancer cells. Conversely, knockdown of Lcn2 in cell lines suppressed both migration and proliferation. Moreover, upregulation of Lcn2 contributed to tumor growth in nude mice in vivo. Mechanistically, Lcn2 was found to lead to tumor progression in ovarian cancer cells through activation of the ERK/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. In summary, Lcn2 promotes cell proliferation and migration in ovarian cancer through activation of the ERK/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, suggesting that Lcn2 might be a novel therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Hao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; International Cooperation Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Haili Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Aiyuan Wu
- The 3rd Affiliated Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Cancer Hospital), Suzhou Dong Street No.789, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Xian Xian
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; International Cooperation Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; International Cooperation Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Nana Hao
- Department of Neurology, HanDan Central Hospital, HanDan, Hebei, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Department of General Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Fengming Yue
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; International Cooperation Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; The Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Shinshu University, Japan
| | - Huixian Cui
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; International Cooperation Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China.
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14
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Geistlinger L, Oh S, Ramos M, Schiffer L, LaRue RS, Henzler CM, Munro SA, Daughters C, Nelson AC, Winterhoff BJ, Chang Z, Talukdar S, Shetty M, Mullany SA, Morgan M, Parmigiani G, Birrer MJ, Qin LX, Riester M, Starr TK, Waldron L. Multiomic Analysis of Subtype Evolution and Heterogeneity in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4335-4345. [PMID: 32747365 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple studies have identified transcriptome subtypes of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), but their interpretation and translation are complicated by tumor evolution and polyclonality accompanied by extensive accumulation of somatic aberrations, varying cell type admixtures, and different tissues of origin. In this study, we examined the chronology of HGSOC subtype evolution in the context of these factors using a novel integrative analysis of absolute copy-number analysis and gene expression in The Cancer Genome Atlas complemented by single-cell analysis of six independent tumors. Tumor purity, ploidy, and subclonality were reliably inferred from different genomic platforms, and these characteristics displayed marked differences between subtypes. Genomic lesions associated with HGSOC subtypes tended to be subclonal, implying subtype divergence at later stages of tumor evolution. Subclonality of recurrent HGSOC alterations was evident for proliferative tumors, characterized by extreme genomic instability, absence of immune infiltration, and greater patient age. In contrast, differentiated tumors were characterized by largely intact genome integrity, high immune infiltration, and younger patient age. Single-cell sequencing of 42,000 tumor cells revealed widespread heterogeneity in tumor cell type composition that drove bulk subtypes but demonstrated a lack of intrinsic subtypes among tumor epithelial cells. Our findings prompt the dismissal of discrete transcriptome subtypes for HGSOC and replacement by a more realistic model of continuous tumor development that includes mixtures of subclones, accumulation of somatic aberrations, infiltration of immune and stromal cells in proportions correlated with tumor stage and tissue of origin, and evolution between properties previously associated with discrete subtypes. SIGNIFICANCE: This study infers whether transcriptome-based groupings of tumors differentiate early in carcinogenesis and are, therefore, appropriate targets for therapy and demonstrates that this is not the case for HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Geistlinger
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, New York
- Institute for Implementation Science and Population Health, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Sehyun Oh
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, New York
- Institute for Implementation Science and Population Health, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Marcel Ramos
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, New York
- Institute for Implementation Science and Population Health, City University of New York, New York, New York
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Lucas Schiffer
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, New York
- Institute for Implementation Science and Population Health, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Rebecca S LaRue
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Christine M Henzler
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sarah A Munro
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Claire Daughters
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Andrew C Nelson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Boris J Winterhoff
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Zenas Chang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Shobhana Talukdar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mihir Shetty
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sally A Mullany
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Martin Morgan
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Giovanni Parmigiani
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael J Birrer
- The Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Li-Xuan Qin
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Markus Riester
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy K Starr
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Levi Waldron
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, New York.
- Institute for Implementation Science and Population Health, City University of New York, New York, New York
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15
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Zhao H, Ding F, Zheng G. LncRNA TMPO‐AS1 promotes LCN2 transcriptional activity and exerts oncogenic functions in ovarian cancer. FASEB J 2020; 34:11382-11394. [PMID: 32692467 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902683r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Linyi People’s Hospital Linyi P.R. China
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Educational and Teaching Linyi People’s Hospital Linyi P.R. China
| | - Guanghong Zheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Linyi People’s Hospital Linyi P.R. China
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16
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Brown RAM, Richardson KL, Kabir TD, Trinder D, Ganss R, Leedman PJ. Altered Iron Metabolism and Impact in Cancer Biology, Metastasis, and Immunology. Front Oncol 2020; 10:476. [PMID: 32328462 PMCID: PMC7160331 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient that plays a complex role in cancer biology. Iron metabolism must be tightly controlled within cells. Whilst fundamental to many cellular processes and required for cell survival, excess labile iron is toxic to cells. Increased iron metabolism is associated with malignant transformation, cancer progression, drug resistance and immune evasion. Depleting intracellular iron stores, either with the use of iron chelating agents or mimicking endogenous regulation mechanisms, such as microRNAs, present attractive therapeutic opportunities, some of which are currently under clinical investigation. Alternatively, iron overload can result in a form of regulated cell death, ferroptosis, which can be activated in cancer cells presenting an alternative anti-cancer strategy. This review focuses on alterations in iron metabolism that enable cancer cells to meet metabolic demands required during different stages of tumorigenesis in relation to metastasis and immune response. The strength of current evidence is considered, gaps in knowledge are highlighted and controversies relating to the role of iron and therapeutic targeting potential are discussed. The key question we address within this review is whether iron modulation represents a useful approach for treating metastatic disease and whether it could be employed in combination with existing targeted drugs and immune-based therapies to enhance their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikki A. M. Brown
- Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kirsty L. Richardson
- Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tasnuva D. Kabir
- Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Debbie Trinder
- Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ruth Ganss
- Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter J. Leedman
- Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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17
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Lu X, Wang F, Fu M, Li Y, Wang L. [ARTICLE WITHDRAWN] Long Noncoding RNA KCNQ1OT1 Accelerates the Progression of Ovarian Cancer via MicroRNA-212-3/LCN2 Axis. Oncol Res 2020; 28:135-146. [PMID: 31653278 PMCID: PMC7851512 DOI: 10.3727/096504019x15719983040135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ARTICLE WITHDRAWN: This article was withdrawn by the authors with the following Withdrawal Statement - The integrity of the current study is not acceptable. The authors intend to enrich the study to make it more valuable. Thus, the authors want to withdraw the current study. Please accept our apologies for this inconvenience and we hope for your understanding. Yours sincerely (on behalf of the authors), Xiaoqin Lu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Lu
- *Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Fuying Wang
- *Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Meizhou Fu
- †Education and Training Department, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yuankun Li
- *Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Wang
- *Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
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18
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ALDH1A2 Is a Candidate Tumor Suppressor Gene in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101553. [PMID: 31615043 PMCID: PMC6826427 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A2 (ALDH1A2) is a rate-limiting enzyme involved in cellular retinoic acid synthesis. However, its functional role in ovarian cancer remains elusive. Here, we found that ALDH1A2 was the most prominently downregulated gene among ALDH family members in ovarian cancer cells, according to complementary DNA microarray data. Low ALDH1A2 expression was associated with unfavorable prognosis and shorter disease-free and overall survival for ovarian cancer patients. Notably, hypermethylation of ALDH1A2 was significantly higher in ovarian cancer cell lines when compared to that in immortalized human ovarian surface epithelial cell lines. ALDH1A2 expression was restored in various ovarian cancer cell lines after treatment with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Furthermore, silencing DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) or 3B (DNMT3B) restored ALDH1A2 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines. Functional studies revealed that forced ALDH1A2 expression significantly impaired the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells and their invasive activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that ALDH1A2 expression is regulated by the epigenetic regulation of DNMTs, and subsequently that it might act as a tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer, further suggesting that enhancing ALDH1A2-linked signaling might provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in ovarian cancer.
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19
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Cymbaluk-Płoska A, Chudecka-Głaz A, Pius-Sadowska E, Machaliński B, Sompolska-Rzechuła A, Kwiatkowski S, Menkiszak J. The role of lipocalin-2 serum levels in the diagnostics of endometrial cancer. Cancer Biomark 2019; 24:315-324. [PMID: 30829613 PMCID: PMC6484256 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer is one of the most common tumor of the woman genital organs. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine the lipocalin-2 levels in patients with endometrial cancer compared to those with normal endometrium or mild endometrial pathologies. METHODS: Study included 123 patients with BMI > 21 kg/m2 who were admitted due to abnormal bleeding, in which 52 patients with endometrial cancer. The NGAL, CA125, HE4 serum levels were determined for all patients. RESULTS: Significantly lower median NGAL serum levels were found in a group of patients with normal endometrium compared to the endometrial cancer group, p= 0.006. NGAL protein area under ROC curves value as a diagnostic test, differentiating between endometrial cancer and other benign changes endometrium is AUC – 0.81 (p< 0.00001). The NGAL protein had a high sensitivity in all patients included in the analysis: 84% vs. 82% in pre-menopausal patients, and 81% in postmenopausal women with a specificity of 78%, 80% and 87%, respectively. The independent variable for FIGO and model logistic regression proves that NGAL is statistically significant (p= 0.000602), the odds ratio is 3.66. The model for grading shows, that NGAL increase by one ng/ml increases risk chances by 2.32 times in diagnosis with less cancer differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary studies demonstrate that lipocalin-2 may be of value in the diagnostics of uterine body cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anita Chudecka-Głaz
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Pius-Sadowska
- General Pathology Department, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | - Sebastian Kwiatkowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Janusz Menkiszak
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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20
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Miki M, Oono T, Fujimori N, Takaoka T, Kawabe K, Miyasaka Y, Ohtsuka T, Saito D, Nakamura M, Ohkawa Y, Oda Y, Suyama M, Ito T, Ogawa Y. CLEC3A, MMP7, and LCN2 as novel markers for predicting recurrence in resected G1 and G2 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3748-3760. [PMID: 31129920 PMCID: PMC6639196 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the postoperative recurrence rate for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) is reported to be 13.5%-30%, the paucity of valuable biomarkers to predict recurrence poses a problem for the early detection of relapse. Hence, this study aimed to identify new biomarkers to predict the recurrence of PNETs. We performed RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) on RNA isolated from frozen primary tumors sampled from all localized G1/G2 PNETs resected curatively from 1998 to 2015 in our institution. We calculated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in tumor with and without recurrence (≥3 years) for the propensity-matched cohort. Gene ontology analysis for the identified DEGs was also performed. Furthermore, we evaluated the expression levels of candidate genes as recurrence predictors via immunostaining. Comparison of transcriptional levels in tumors with and without recurrence identified 166 DEGs. Up- and downregulated genes with high significance in these tumors were mainly related to extracellular organization and cell adhesion, respectively. We observed the top three upregulated genes, C-type lectin domain family 3 member A (CLEC3A), matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7), and lipocalin2 (LCN2) immunohistochemically and compared their levels in recurrent and nonrecurrent tumors. Significantly higher recurrence rate was shown in patients with positive expression of CLEC3A (P = 0.028), MMP7 (P = 0.003), and LCN2 (P = 0.040) than that with negative expression. We identified CLEC3A, MMP7, and LCN2 known to be associated with the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt pathway, as potential novel markers to predict the postoperative recurrence of PNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Miki
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takamasa Oono
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nao Fujimori
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Takaoka
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Kawabe
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyasaka
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takao Ohtsuka
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saito
- Division of Bioinformatics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mikita Suyama
- Division of Bioinformatics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuhide Ito
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Neuroendocrine Tumor Centre, Fukuoka Sanno Hospital, Internal University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Hu C, Yang K, Li M, Huang W, Zhang F, Wang H. Lipocalin 2: a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer metastasis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:8099-8106. [PMID: 30519052 PMCID: PMC6239117 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s181223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although systematic therapeutic approaches have reduced cancer-associated mortality, metastatic breast cancer can still evade therapy, particularly triple-negative breast cancer, which remains associated with high rates of cancer metastasis and has the worst clinical prognosis. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is a secreted glycoprotein that transports small lipophilic ligands. Its abnormal expression serves critical roles in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process, angiogenesis, and cell migration and invasion in breast cancer. Notably, LCN2 functions as an initiator of carcinogenesis and metastasis by involving multiple signaling pathways. The present review aims to summarize research findings on the abnormal expression of LCN2 in breast cancer progression. Furthermore, the review highlights the latest developments of potential LCN2-targeting agents and proposed LCN2-associated molecular mechanisms with regard to breast cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiping Huang
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,
| | - Fengxue Zhang
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,
| | - Hongqi Wang
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,
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22
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Shin HY, Yang W, Lee EJ, Han GH, Cho H, Chay DB, Kim JH. Establishment of five immortalized human ovarian surface epithelial cell lines via SV40 T antigen or HPV E6/E7 expression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205297. [PMID: 30296284 PMCID: PMC6175519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human ovarian surface epithelial (HOSE) cells are a critical cell source for ovarian cancer research; however, they are difficult to obtain and maintain under standard laboratory conditions in large quantities. The aim of this study was to generate immortalized HOSE (IHOSE) cells with maintained properties to the original cell source, thereby guaranteeing a sufficiently large cell quantity for ovarian cancer research. Methods HOSE cells isolated from four non-cancer patients and five IHOSE cell lines were established by induction of HPV-E6/E7 expression or SV40 large T antigen using a lenti-viral system. Each of IHOSE cells was confirmed to be distinct by STR profiling. RNA-sequencing was used to compare gene expression profiles in HOSE, IHOSE and ovarian cancer cells. Results RNA-sequencing results revealed a stronger linear correlation in gene expression between IHOSE and HOSE cells (R2 = 0.9288) than between IHOSE or HOSE cells and ovarian cancer cells (R2 = 0.8562 and R2 = 0.7982, respectively). The gene expression pattern of 319 differentially expressed genes revealed minimal differences between HOSE and IHOSE cells, while a strong difference between ovarian cancer cells and HOSE or IHOSE cells was observed. Furthermore, the five IHOSE cell lines displayed morphological characteristics typical of epithelial cells but showed a lower level of EpCAM, CD133 and E-cadherin, as cancer stem marker, than ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, unlike cancer cells, IHOSE cells could not form colonies in the anchorage-independent soft agar growth assay. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that five newly established IHOSE cell lines have characteristics of progenitor HOSE cells while exhibiting continuous growth, and thus, should be highly useful as control cells for ovarian cancer research.
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MESH Headings
- AC133 Antigen/genetics
- AC133 Antigen/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/genetics
- Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/genetics
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/cytology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Founder Effect
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/metabolism
- Ovary/cytology
- Ovary/metabolism
- Papillomavirus E7 Proteins/genetics
- Papillomavirus E7 Proteins/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Yeon Shin
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookyeom Yang
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-ju Lee
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan Hee Han
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyoul Cho
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Byung Chay
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-hoon Kim
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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23
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Bauvois B, Susin SA. Revisiting Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) in Cancer: Saint or Sinner? Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090336. [PMID: 30231474 PMCID: PMC6162539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a glycoprotein present in a wide variety of tissues and cell types. NGAL exists as a 25 kDa monomer, a 46 kDa homodimer (the most abundant form in healthy subjects) and a 130 kDa disulfide-linked heterodimer bound to latent matrix metalloproteinase-9. Dysregulated expression of NGAL in human malignancies suggests its value as a clinical marker. A growing body of evidence is highlighting NGAL’s paradoxical (i.e., both beneficial and detrimental) effects on cellular processes associated with tumor development (proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and multidrug resistance). At least two distinct cell surface receptors are identified for NGAL. This review (i) summarizes our current knowledge of NGAL’s expression profiles in solid tumors and leukemias, and (ii) critically evaluates the beneficial and detrimental activities of NGAL having been documented in a diverse range of cancer-derived cell lines. A better understanding of the causal relationships between NGAL dysregulation and tumor development will require a fine analysis of the molecular aspects and biological role(s) of NGAL both in primary tumors and at different stages of disease. Having an accurate picture of NGAL’s contribution to tumor progression is a prerequisite for attempting to modulate this protein as a putative therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Bauvois
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Universités Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France.
- Université Paris Descartes, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Santos A Susin
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Universités Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France.
- Université Paris Descartes, F-75005 Paris, France.
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24
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Linjawi S, AlGaithy Z, Sindi S, Hamdi N, Linjawi A, Alharbi M. Regulation of Lipocalin-2 oncogene and its impact on gene polymorphisms on breast cancer patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2018; 39:558-563. [PMID: 29915849 PMCID: PMC6058746 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2018.6.22950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the impact of Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) gene polymorphisms on breast cancer patients in western Saudi Arabia. METHODS It is a case control study in which blood samples of participants from Medical Reference Clinics and King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia have been taken between 2014 and 2016. This study recruited 128 participants (50% control, 50% patients) and used Tetra-Primer amplification-refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction method for the detection of missense SNP (rs11556770). The study measured LCN2 plasma protein expression by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Results: The results have shown that 100% of the genotypes were normal allele (G/G). In contrast, the plasma level of LCN2 was considerably elevated among patients as compared to control (p=0.001), and higher in invasive ductal carcinoma patients (p=0.001). The LCN2 protein expression in plasma level was significantly elevated among patients, particularly who demonstrated invasive ductal carcinoma. Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between breast cancer patients and LCN2 gene polymorphisms (rs11556770).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Linjawi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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25
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Comparative Analysis of Iron Metabolism and Its Adjustment Changes at Cancer Patients in Childhood. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ijp.10092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Viennois E, Zhao Y, Han MK, Xiao B, Zhang M, Prasad M, Wang L, Merlin D. Serum miRNA signature diagnoses and discriminates murine colitis subtypes and predicts ulcerative colitis in humans. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2520. [PMID: 28566745 PMCID: PMC5451415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02782-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is difficult to diagnose due to nonspecific and variable symptoms, and lack of reliable diagnostic tests. Current methods are invasive, non-sensitive, non-predictive, and do not easily discriminate between its two main forms. Consequently, there remains a great need for reliable serum markers for IBD. Here, using a longitudinal study of various mouse models of colitis, we identified a serum miRNA signature that indicated the development of colitis and discriminated between inflammations of various origins (colitis from arthritis). Unlike the existing biomarkers, the newly identified signature also serves to distinguish individuals at risk, predict the type of inflammation, and evaluate the response to therapeutics. Moreover, the miRNA signature identified in mice predicted ulcerative colitis with 83.3% accuracy. In future, the signature identified herein could play a central role in monitoring inflammatory disorders and therapeutic responses in patients, thereby paving the way for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Viennois
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Moon Kwon Han
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Bo Xiao
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.,Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty for Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Meena Prasad
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA.,Emory University, Department of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lixin Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Didier Merlin
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
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27
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Increased neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) promotes airway remodelling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1147-1159. [PMID: 28381600 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Airway remodelling is an important component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) from neutrophils may drive COPD epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). NGAL expression was quantified in the lungs of COPD patients and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of ozone-treated mice. Reticular basement membrane (RBM) thickness and E-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression were determined in mice airways. Effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and inflammatory factors on NGAL expression in human neutrophils as well as the effects of NGAL on airway structural cells was assessed. NGAL was mainly distributed in neutrophils and enhanced in lung tissues of both COPD patients and BALF of ozone-treated mice. We showed decreased E-cadherin and increased α-SMA expression in bronchial epithelium and increased RBM thickness in ozone-treated animals. In vitro, CSE, IL-1β and IL-17 enhanced NGAL mRNA expression in human neutrophils. NGAL, in turn, down-regulated the expression of E-cadherin and up-regulated α-SMA expression in 16HBE cells via the WNT/glycogensynthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway. Furthermore, NGAL promoted the proliferation and migration of human bronchial smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). The present study suggests that elevated NGAL promotes COPD airway remodelling possibly through altered EMT. NGAL may be a potential target for reversing airway obstruction and remodelling in COPD.
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28
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Chiang KC, Yeh TS, Huang CC, Chang YC, Juang HH, Cheng CT, Pang JHS, Hsu JT, Takano M, Chen TC, Kittaka A, Hsiao M, Yeh CN. MART-10 represses cholangiocarcinoma cell growth and high vitamin D receptor expression indicates better prognosis for cholangiocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43773. [PMID: 28256614 PMCID: PMC5335655 DOI: 10.1038/srep43773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating disease due to no effective treatments available. Since the non-mineral functions of vitamin D emerges, 1α,25(OH)2D3, the active form of vitamin D, has been applied in anti-cancer researches. In this study, we demonstrated that both the 1α,25(OH)2D3 analog, MART-10, and 1α,25(OH)2D3 possessed anti-growth effect on human CCA cells with MART-10 much more potent than 1α,25(OH)2D3. The growth inhibition of both drugs were mediated by induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest through upregulation of p27 and downregulation of CDK4, CDK6, and cyclin D3. Human neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) was found to be involved in 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10 meditated growth inhibition for CCA as knockdown of NGAL decreased Ki-67 expression in SNU308 cells and rendered SNU308 cells less responsive to 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10 treatment. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) knockdown partly abolished MART-10-induced inhibition of NGAL and cell growth in SNU308 cells. The xenograft animal study demonstrated MART-10 could effectively repressed CCA growth in vivo without inducing obvious side effects. The IHC examination of human CCA specimen for VDR revealed that higher VDR expression was linked with better prognosis. Collectively, our results suggest that MART-10 could be a promising regimen for CCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, R.O.C, Taiwan.,Director of Zebrafish center of Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- General Surgery Department and Liver research center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 222, Mai-Chin Road, Keelung, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 333, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tung Cheng
- General Surgery Department and Liver research center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Te Hsu
- General Surgery Department and Liver research center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Masashi Takano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5195, Japan
| | - Tai C Chen
- Boston University School of Medicine, M-1022, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5195, Japan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- General Surgery Department and Liver research center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, R.O.C, Taiwan
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29
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Can NGAL be employed as prognostic and diagnostic biomarker in human cancers? A systematic review of current evidence. Int J Biol Markers 2017; 32:e53-e61. [PMID: 28106227 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have reported differentially altered neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels in several malignancies. We evaluated NGAL measured in plasma or urine as both prognostic and diagnostic marker for different types of human tumors. METHODS We performed systematic electronic searches in Medline, Embase and CRDTAS. Studies were included if they evaluated NGAL as a prognostic or diagnostic marker for human cancers. The selection of the studies, screening of the full texts and data extraction were conducted independently by 2 authors. We used the random-effects model for the meta-analyses. A methodological assessment was completed. RESULTS We included 35 studies dedicated to colorectal, pancreas, breast, thyroid, gastric, kidney, endometrial, brain, liver, lung, esophageal, oral and ovarian cancers. Our meta-analyses showed that, in patients with colorectal and breast cancer, positive NGAL expression was associated with a decrease of disease-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.27, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.54-3.36; HR = 1.78, 95% CI, 1.33-2.38, respectively). NGAL was a negative prognostic marker of overall survival in colorectal (HR = 2.37, 95% CI, 1.68-3.34) and endometrial (HR = 4.38, 95% CI, 1.9-10.12) cancers. Discriminative power of NGAL between cancer patients and control was moderate in colorectal cancer (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.6; pooled sensitivity 0.56; pooled specificity 0.72), acceptable in pancreatic cancer (AUC = 0.8; pooled sensitivity 0.6; pooled specificity 0.8) and good in thyroid cancer (AUC = 0.9; pooled sensitivity 0.85; pooled specificity 0.96). CONCLUSIONS NGAL determination in plasma and urine could be useful in the prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer, but its prognostic accuracy remains uncertain for other human tumors.
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30
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Muşlu N, Ercan B, Akbayır S, Balcı Ş, Ovla HD, Bozlu M. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a screening test in prostate cancer. Turk J Urol 2017; 43:30-35. [PMID: 28270948 PMCID: PMC5330265 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2016.08941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prostate specific antigen (PSA) with digital rectal examination is used for diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa), where definite diagnosis can only be made by prostate biopsy. Recently neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a lipocalin family member glycoprotein, come into prominence as a cancer biomarker. This study is aimed to test serum NGAL as a diagnostic biomarker for PCa and discriminate PCa from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MATERIAL AND METHODS In this prospective study, 90 patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided 12-core prostate biopsy between May 2015 and September 2015, were evaluated. Histopathologically diagnosed 45 PCa and 45 BPH patients were enrolled in this study. Serum NGAL and PSA levels of all participants were measured, then these data were evaluated by statistical programs. RESULTS When sensitivity fixed to 80% specificity of NGAL was better than PSA (49%, 31% respectively). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that NGAL alone or its combined use with PSA have better area under curve (AUC) results than PSA alone (0.662, 0.693, and 0.623 respectively). CONCLUSION In conclusion NGAL gave promising results such as increased sensitivity and a better AUC values in order to distinguish PCa from BPH. NGAL showed a potential to be a non-invasive biomarker which may decrease the number of unnecessary biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necati Muşlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Bahadır Ercan
- Department of Biochemistry, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Serin Akbayır
- Karaman State Hospital, Biochemistry Laboratory, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Şenay Balcı
- Department of Biochemistry, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - H. Didem Ovla
- Department of Biostatistics Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Murat Bozlu
- Department of Urology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
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Rashad NM, El-Shal AS, Etewa RL, Wadea FM. Lipocalin-2 expression and serum levels as early predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese women. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:88-97. [PMID: 28116808 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are increasing in epidemic proportions globally. Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) is an inflammatory adipocytokine and obesity-related marker of low-grade inflammation. We aimed to investigate, for first time, the possible role of LCN-2 expression and serum levels in prediction of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among obese Egyptian women. This study included 188 obese women and 180 controls. Obese women were subdivided into three subgroups according to their fasting blood glucose, normal glucose tolerance (NGT), IGT and T2DM. Circulating LCN-2 expression levels were determined by real time polymerase chain reaction. Serum LCN-2 concentrations were assessed by ELISA. Our findings revealed that LCN-2 expression and serum levels were higher in obese women compared to lean controls. They were higher in IGT and T2DM obese cases than in NGT obese women. Receiver operating characteristic analyses revealed that LCN-2 expression level was a useful biomarker discriminating IGT from NGT and T2DM from IGT obese women (AUC were 0.735 and 0.740, respectively). It was an independent predictor of IGT and T2DM among obese women. Serum LCN-2 level was a useful biomarker discriminating IGT from NGT and T2DM from IGT obese women (AUC were 0.705 and 0.728, respectively). It was independent predictor of T2DM without predicting IGT among obese women. The power of combined LCN-2 serum levels and expression in discriminating between IGT from NGT and T2DM from IGT obese women was high (AUC = 0.717 and 0.741, respectively). In conclusion, LCN-2 expression and serum levels could discriminate IGT from NGT and T2DM from IGT obese women and early predicting T2DM among obese women. While, LCN-2 expression level was the independent predictor of IGT in obese women. Combination of both LCN-2 expression and serum levels improved their diagnostic value in early detection of IGT and T2DM among obese women. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(2):88-97, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nearmeen M Rashad
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amal S El-Shal
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rasha L Etewa
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fady M Wadea
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Abstract
Despite advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology underlying inflammatory bowel disease, there remains a significant need for biomarkers that can differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis with high sensitivity and specificity, in a cost-efficient manner. As the focus on personalized approaches to the delivery of medical treatment increases, new biomarkers are being developed to predict an individual's response to therapy and their overall disease course. In this review, we will outline many of the existing and recently developed biomarkers, detailing their role in the assessment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We will identify opportunities for improvement in our biomarkers, including better differentiation between the subtypes of inflammatory bowel disease. We will also discuss new targets and strategies in biomarker development, including combining modalities to create biomarker signatures to improve the ability to predict disease courses and response to therapy among individual patients.
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Miyamoto T, Kashima H, Yamada Y, Kobara H, Asaka R, Ando H, Higuchi S, Ida K, Mvunta DH, Shiozawa T. Lipocalin 2 Enhances Migration and Resistance against Cisplatin in Endometrial Carcinoma Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155220. [PMID: 27168162 PMCID: PMC4864227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is a secretory protein that is involved in various physiological processes including iron transport. We previously identified LCN2 as an up-regulated gene in endometrial carcinoma, and found that the overexpression of LCN2 and its receptor, SLC22A17, was associated with a poor prognosis. However, the functions and mechanism of action of LCN2 currently remain unclear. METHODS The LCN2-overexpressing endometrial carcinoma cell lines, HHUA and RL95-2, and LCN2-low-expressing one, HEC1B, were used. The effects of LCN2 on cell migration, cell viability, and apoptosis under various stresses, including ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and cisplatin treatment, were examined using the scratch wound healing assay, WST-1 assay, and Apostrand assay, respectively. RESULTS LCN2-silencing using shRNA method significantly reduced the migration ability of cells (p<0.05). Cytotoxic stresses significantly decreased the viability of LCN2-silenced cells more than that of control cells. In contrast, LCN2 overexpression was significantly increased cisplatin resistance. These effects were canceled by the addition of the iron chelator, deferoxamine. After UV irradiation, the expression of phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) was decreased in LCN2-silenced cells, and the PI3K inhibitor canceled the difference induced in UV sensitivity by LCN2. The cisplatin-induced expression of pAkt was not affected by LCN2; however, the expression of p53 and p21 was increased by LCN2-silencing. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that LCN2 was involved in the migration and survival of endometrial carcinoma cells under various stresses in an iron-dependent manner. The survival function of LCN2 may be exerted through the PI3K pathway and suppression of the p53-p21 pathway. These functions of LCN2 may increase the malignant potential of endometrial carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390–8621, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiroyasu Kashima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390–8621, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390–8621, Japan
| | - Hisanori Kobara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390–8621, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Asaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390–8621, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ando
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390–8621, Japan
| | - Shotaro Higuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390–8621, Japan
| | - Koichi Ida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390–8621, Japan
| | - David Hamisi Mvunta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390–8621, Japan
| | - Tanri Shiozawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390–8621, Japan
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Yamada Y, Miyamoto T, Kashima H, Kobara H, Asaka R, Ando H, Higuchi S, Ida K, Shiozawa T. Lipocalin 2 attenuates iron-related oxidative stress and prolongs the survival of ovarian clear cell carcinoma cells by up-regulating the CD44 variant. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:414-25. [PMID: 26729415 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1134795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) arises from ovarian endometriosis. Intra-cystic fluid contains abundant amounts of free iron, which causes persistent oxidative stress, a factor that has been suggested to induce malignant transformation. However, the mechanisms linking oxidative stress and carcinogenesis in CCC currently remain unclear. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a multifunctional secretory protein, functions as an iron transporter as well as an antioxidant. Therefore, we herein examined the roles of LCN2 in the regulation of intracellular iron concentrations, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and antioxidative functions using LCN2-overexpressing (ES2), and LCN2-silenced (RMG-1) CCC cell lines. The results of calcein staining indicated that the up-regulated expression of LCN2 correlated with increases in intracellular iron concentrations. However, a DCFH-DA assay and 8OHdG staining revealed that LCN2 reduced intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage. Furthermore, the expression of LCN2 suppressed hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis and prolonged cell survival, suggesting an antioxidative role for LCN2. The expression of mRNAs and proteins for various oxidative stress-catalyzing enzymes, such as heme oxygenase (HO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase, was not affected by LCN2, whereas the intracellular concentration of the potent antioxidant, glutathione (GSH), was increased by LCN2. Furthermore, the expression of xCT, a cystine transporter protein, and CD44 variant 8-10 (CD44v), a stem cell marker, was up-regulated by LCN2. Although LCN2 increased intracellular iron concentrations, LCN2-induced GSH may catalyze and override oxidative stress via CD44v and xCT, and subsequently enhance the survival of CCC cells in oxidative stress-rich endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Yamada
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Tsutomu Miyamoto
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kashima
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Hisanori Kobara
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Ryoichi Asaka
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ando
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Shotaro Higuchi
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Koichi Ida
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Tanri Shiozawa
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan
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Abstract
Diagnostics of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) currently relies on a combination of biological and morphological tests. The current method of diagnostic remains a critical challenge for physicians in part due to their invasiveness and also for their limitations in term of diagnosis, prognosis, disease activity and severity assessment, and therapeutic outcomes. Laboratory biomarkers can be used in the diagnosis and management of IBD, but none of them has been proven to be ideal. Increasing efforts are being made to discover new biomarkers that can discriminate between the types of IBD, predict future responses to treatment, and aid in differential diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognosis prediction. This review addresses the potential for current biomarkers and the emergence of the concept of biomarker signatures in IBD diagnostic and personalized medicine.
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Zhang M, Zhao X, Deng Y, Tang B, Sun Q, Zhang Q, Chen W, Yao D, Yang J, Cao L, Guo H. Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin is an Independent Predictor of Poor Prognosis in Cases of Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Urol 2015; 194:647-52. [PMID: 25916675 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongming Deng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- Vazyme Biotech Co., Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongwei Yao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Srdelić Mihalj S, Kuzmić-Prusac I, Zekić-Tomaš S, Šamija-Projić I, Čapkun V. Lipocalin-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in high-grade endometrial cancer and their prognostic value. Histopathology 2015; 67:206-15. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra Zekić-Tomaš
- Department of Pathology; Split University Hospital Center; Split Croatia
| | - Ivana Šamija-Projić
- Department of Pathology and Cytology; University Hospital Center Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
| | - Vesna Čapkun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Split University Hospital Center; Split Croatia
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Candido S, Maestro R, Polesel J, Catania A, Maira F, Signorelli SS, McCubrey JA, Libra M. Roles of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in human cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:1576-94. [PMID: 24742531 PMCID: PMC4039233 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the major cause of death in the Western world. Although, it has been demonstrated that new therapies can improve the outcome of cancer patients, still many patients relapse after treatment. Therefore, there is a need to identify novel factors involved in cancer development and/or progression. Recently, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has been suggested as a key player in different cancer types. Its oncogenic effect may be related to the complex NGAL/MMP-9. In the present study, NGAL was analyzed at both transcript and protein levels in different cancer types by analysing 38 public available microarray datasets and the Human Protein Atlas tool. NGAL transcripts were significantly higher in the majority of solid tumors compared to the relative normal tissues for every dataset analyzed. Furthermore, concordance of NGAL at both mRNA and protein levels was observed for 6 cancer types including bladder, colorectal, liver, lung, ovarian, and pancreatic. All metastatic tumors showed a decrease of NGAL expression when compared to matched primary lesions. According to these results, NGAL is a candidate marker for tumor growth in a fraction of solid tumors. Further investigations are required to elucidate the function of NGAL in tumor development and metastatic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Candido
- Department of Bio-medical Sciences, Section of Pathology and Oncology, Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Functional Genomics, University of Catania, Catania, (Italy)
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Zhang C, Zhang F. Iron homeostasis and tumorigenesis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Protein Cell 2014; 6:88-100. [PMID: 25476483 PMCID: PMC4312762 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-014-0119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess iron is tightly associated with tumorigenesis in multiple human cancer types through a variety of mechanisms including catalyzing the formation of mutagenic hydroxyl radicals, regulating DNA replication, repair and cell cycle progression, affecting signal transduction in cancer cells, and acting as an essential nutrient for proliferating tumor cells. Thus, multiple therapeutic strategies based on iron deprivation have been developed in cancer therapy. During the past few years, our understanding of genetic association and molecular mechanisms between iron and tumorigenesis has expanded enormously. In this review, we briefly summarize iron homeostasis in mammals, and discuss recent progresses in understanding the aberrant iron metabolism in numerous cancer types, with a focus on studies revealing altered signal transduction in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiguo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA,
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Duvillard L, Ortega-Deballon P, Bourredjem A, Scherrer ML, Mantion G, Delhorme JB, Deguelte-Lardière S, Petit JM, Bonithon-Kopp C. A case-control study of pre-operative levels of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and other potential inflammatory markers in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:912. [PMID: 25472811 PMCID: PMC4289261 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation is a key feature of colorectal cancer (CRC), meaning that inflammatory biomarkers may be useful for its diagnosis. In particular, high neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) expression has been reported in CRC. Thus, we investigated whether serum NGAL and NGAL/MMP-9 could be potential biomarkers for the early detection of CRC. Concurrently, we studied other inflammatory biomarkers such as soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and 2 (sTNFR-1, sTNFR-2), and C reactive protein (CRP). Methods The AGARIC multicenter case–control study was performed in eastern France and included patients admitted for elective surgery either for a priori non-metastatic incident CRC (n = 224) or for benign causes (n = 252). Pre-operative serum levels of NGAL, NGAL/MMP-9, sTNFR-1, sTNFR-2 and CRP were measured. Results Median values of serum NGAL, NGAL/MMP-9, sTNFR-1, sTNFR-2 and CRP were significantly higher in CRC patients than in controls. Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis provided relatively poor values of area under the curve, ranging from 0.65 to 0.58. Except for NGAL/MMP-9, all biological parameters were strongly correlated in CRC cases and, less strongly in controls. Multivariate odds ratio (OR) of CRC comparing the extreme tertiles of serum NGAL was 2.76 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.59-4.78; p < 0.001),. Lower but significant multivariate associations were observed for sTNFR-1, and sTNFR-2: OR = 2.44 (95% CI : 1.34-4.45, p = 0.015) and 1.93 (95% : CI 1.12-3.31), respectively. No independent association was found between case–control status and NGAL/MMP-9. Among CRC cases, maximal tumor size was an independent determinant of serum NGAL (p = 0.028) but this association was reduced after adjustment for CRP (p = 0.11). Conclusion Despite a significant increase in serum NGAL and other inflammatory markers among CRC patients, our findings suggest that they may not be suitable biomarkers for the diagnosis and especially early detection of CRC.
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Makowski L, Zhou C, Zhong Y, Kuan PF, Fan C, Sampey BP, Difurio M, Bae-Jump VL. Obesity increases tumor aggressiveness in a genetically engineered mouse model of serous ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2014; 133:90-7. [PMID: 24680597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity is associated with increased risk and worse outcomes for ovarian cancer. Thus, we examined the effects of obesity on ovarian cancer progression in a genetically engineered mouse model of serous ovarian cancer. METHODS We utilized a unique serous ovarian cancer mouse model that specifically deletes the tumor suppressor genes, Brca1 and p53, and inactivates the retinoblastoma (Rb) proteins in adult ovarian surface epithelial cells, via injection of an adenoviral vector expressing Cre (AdCre) into the ovarian bursa cavity of adult female mice (KpB mouse model). KpB mice were subjected to a 60% calories-derived from fat in a high fat diet (HFD) versus 10% calories from fat in a low fat diet (LFD) to mimic diet-induced obesity. Tumors were isolated at 6 months after AdCre injection and evaluated histologically. Untargeted metabolomic and gene expression profiling was performed to assess differences in the ovarian tumors from obese versus non-obese KpB mice. RESULTS At sacrifice, mice on the HFD (obese) were twice the weight of mice on the LFD (non-obese) (51g versus 31g, p=0.0003). Ovarian tumors were significantly larger in the obese versus non-obese mice (3.7cm(2) versus 1.2cm(2), p=0.0065). Gene expression and metabolomic profiling indicated statistically significant differences between the ovarian tumors from the obese versus non-obese mice, including metabolically relevant pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Makowski
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chunxiao Zhou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yan Zhong
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pei Fen Kuan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cheng Fan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Megan Difurio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Victoria L Bae-Jump
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Han ML, Lv ZW. Serum and bile NGAL for clinically distinguishing malignant biliary strictures from benign biliary strictures. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:133-139. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i1.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the value of serum and bile neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) for distinguishing malignant strictures caused by cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) or pancreatic cancer from benign biliary strictures.
METHODS: The study was performed prospectively on patients admitted for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography biliary decompression. Forty-four patients with dilated biliary ducts, including 12 cases of CCA, 8 cases of pancreatic cancer, 1 case of carcinoma of the ampulla, and 23 cases of benign biliary strictures, were enrolled. Their sera and bile were collected to measure NGAL. Routine biochemistry including liver function test and routine blood examination was also performed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to measure the contents of NGAL in serum and bile samples.
RESULTS: Serum NGAL had no significant value for discriminating malignant and benign biliary strictures (mean, 31.10 ng/mL vs 118.35 ng/mL, P = 0.0825). Biliary NGAL levels were significantly raised in the malignant disease group compared with the benign disease group (mean, 199.0 ng/mL vs 466.7 ng/mL, P = 0.0215).
CONCLUSION: Measurement of biliary NGAL, not serum NGAL, may differentiate malignant biliary strictures from benign biliary strictures.
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Cho H, Lee YS, Kim J, Chung JY, Kim JH. Overexpression of glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) predicts poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Invest 2013; 31:607-15. [PMID: 24164300 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2013.849722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Illumina microarray was used to identify differentially expressed genes in three epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells. To validate the microarray data, mRNA and protein level of glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) was examined. GLUT-1 had an EOC/normal cells ratio of 5.51 based on microarray. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that GLUT-1 expression was significantly increased in EOC (p = .029 and p < .001, respectively). On survival analysis, GLUT-1 overexpression (HR = 4.80, p = .027) and lymph node metastases (HR = 8.35, p = .016) conferred a significantly worse overall survival. In conclusion, GLUT-1 expression is remarkably upregulated in EOC and predicts a poor overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbyoul Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,1
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Clinical implications of aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 and its relationship with lipocalin 2 in cancer of the uterine cervix. Gynecol Oncol 2013; 132:474-82. [PMID: 24316309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Over-expression of the aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) has been demonstrated in many human cancers. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is reported to inhibit cervical cancer metastasis but little is known regarding its relationship with AKR1C3 in the development and progression of uterine cervical cancer. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of AKR1C3 and its relationship with LCN2 in cervical cancer. METHODS The roles of AKR1C3 and LCN2 were investigated using the lentivirus shRNA system in SiHa and Caski cervical cancer cells. LCN2 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) promoters were constructed to demonstrate transcriptional regulation by shAKR1C3 and shLCN2, respectively. The influences of metastatic phenotypes were analyzed by wound healing, Boyden chamber, and immunofluorescence assays. The activity of MMP-2 was determined by zymography assay. The impacts of AKR1C3 and LCN2 on patient prognosis were evaluated using tissue microarrays by Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier models. RESULTS Silencing of the AKR1C3 gene increased the expression of LCN2 and decreased the migratory and invasive abilities and changed the cytoskeleton of cervical cancer cells. When AKR1C3 was over-expressed, it decreased LCN2 promoter activity and LCN2 expression and increased cell migration. The mRNA level and enzyme activity of MMP-2 increased in silenced LCN2 cells. Positive AKR1C3 and negative LCN2 were correlated with higher recurrence and poorer survival of cervical cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS Silencing of AKR1C3 increases LCN2 expression and inhibits metastasis in cervical cancer. Both AKR1C3 and LCN2 serve as molecular targets for cancer therapy to improve the clinical outcome of cervical cancer patients.
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Cheng G, Sun X, Wang J, Xiao G, Wang X, Fan X, Zu L, Hao M, Qu Q, Mao Y, Xue Y, Wang J. HIC1 silencing in triple-negative breast cancer drives progression through misregulation of LCN2. Cancer Res 2013; 74:862-72. [PMID: 24295734 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene HIC1 is frequently deleted or epigenetically silenced in human cancer, where its restoration may improve cancer prognosis. Here, we report results illuminating how HIC1 silencing alters effect or signals in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which are crucial for its pathogenesis. HIC1 expression was silenced only in TNBC compared with other molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Restoring HIC1 expression in TNBC cells reduced cell migration, invasion, and metastasis, whereas RNAi-mediated silencing of HIC1 in untransformed human breast cells increased their invasive capabilities. Mechanistic investigations identified the small-secreted protein lipocalin-2 (LCN2), as a critical downstream target of HIC1 in TNBC cells. Elevating LCN2 expression in cells expressing HIC1 partially rescued its suppression of cell invasion and metastasis. Notably, autocrine secretion of LCN2 induced by loss of HIC1 activated the AKT pathway through the neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin receptor, which is associated with TNBC progression. Taken together, our findings revealed that the HIC1-LCN2 axis may serve as a subtype-specific prognostic biomarker, providing an appealing candidate target for TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcun Cheng
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; and Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Lipocalin2 enhances the matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity and invasion of extravillous trophoblasts under hypoxia. Placenta 2013; 34:1036-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chien MH, Ying TH, Yang SF, Yu JK, Hsu CW, Hsieh SC, Hsieh YH. Lipocalin-2 induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through activation of mitochondria pathways. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 64:177-86. [PMID: 22707293 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-012-9370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is a secreted, iron-binding glycoprotein that is abnormally expressed in some malignant human cancers. However, the roles of LCN2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells are unknown. In this study, we suggested the LCN2 and LCN2R were weak detected in the HCC cell lines, LCN2 and LCN2R were found to be down-regulated in tumor tissues in 16 HCC patients. MTT, DAPI, TUNEL, and flow cytometry analyses revealed that LCN2 overexpression dramatically inhibited cell viability, induced apoptosis features of cell-cycle arrest in sub-G1 phase, in DNA fragmentation, and in condensation of chromatin in Huh-7 and SK-Hep-1 cells. Western blots were used to detect the activation of caspase, pro-apoptosis, and anti-apoptosis protein expression in overexpress-LCN2 HCC cells. LCN2-induced apoptosis was characterized by cleavage of caspase-9, -8, -3, and PARP protein, and a reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Furthermore, LCN2 also enhanced the down-regulated Bcl-2 and up-regulated the expression of Bax. In addition, our experiments with caspase inhibitors LEHD-FMK and IETD-FMK prevent LCN2-induced apoptosis. We also demonstrated that treatment of overexpress-LCN2 HCC cells with the LCN2 neutralized antibody also significantly attenuated LCN2-induced cell apoptosis. These findings indicate that LCN2 overexpression can effectively induce apoptosis of HCC cells and may be used as a potent therapy against human HCC.
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Tung MC, Hsieh SC, Yang SF, Cheng CW, Tsai RT, Wang SC, Huang MH, Hsieh YH. Knockdown of lipocalin-2 suppresses the growth and invasion of prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2013; 73:1281-90. [PMID: 23775308 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a member of the lipocalin superfamily, and it has an important role in the regulation of cellular oncogenesis and apoptosis. However, the role for LCN2 in prostate cancer remains unclear. METHOD LCN2 expression has been determined by Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry in the human prostate cell lines PC3, DU145, LNCaP, and 22Rv, and in human prostate tissue array. In this study, we identified shRNA-LCN2 to determine the role of LCN2 in prostate-cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Cell proliferative ability was measured by MTT, colony-formation, and cell-cycle analysis. The role of LCN2 in prostate-cancer cell migration and invasion was analyzed by cell-migration assay and Matrigel invasion assay. The effect of LCN2 knockdown on prostate tumor growth was assessed in a subcutaneous xenograft model. RESULTS LCN2 protein and mRNA expression are higher in PC3 and DU145 cells than in LNCaP and 22Rv cells, and prostate cancer tissue correlated significantly with tumor differentiation (P < 0.017) and Gleason's grade (P < 0.02). LCN2 knockdown in PC3 and DU145 cells decreased cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle arrest, migration, and invasion. Conversely, LCN2 overexpression in 22Rv cells produced the opposite effect. Subcutaneous xenografts in mice models showed decreased tumor growth in the LCN2-knockdown mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that LCN2 might play an important role in regulation of proliferation and invasion of human prostate cancer, and that it can be a valuable marker of prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Che Tung
- Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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DI Carlo A. Evaluation of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and their complex MMP-9/NGAL in sera and urine of patients with kidney tumors. Oncol Lett 2013; 5:1677-1681. [PMID: 23760084 PMCID: PMC3678869 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is required for the development and/or progression of benign and malignant disease, and is overexpressed in several types of tumor. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), by degrading components of the extracellular matrix and thus promoting the release of growth factors, is important in tumor growth and tumorigenicity. NGAL protects MMP-9 from proteolytic degradation and enhances its enzymatic activities by binding and forming the MMP-9/NGAL complex. Therefore, NGAL, MMP-9 and their complex MMP-9/NGAL have been proposed as soluble biomarkers for numerous malignancies. In the present study, we measured the concentration of these molecules in sera and urine of patients with kidney disease using ELISA. Of these patients, 16 had clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and 4 had oncocytoma. Sera and urine samples of 53 healthy patients were used as controls. In sera, MMP-9 was enhanced in ccRCC patients compared with oncocytoma patients. In urine, the most abundant molecule was NGAL and its mean value was higher in cancer patients. However, there was a broad overlap of the data and we did not identify any correlation with disease type, stage or grade. Therefore, these molecules may not be useful as biomarkers for predicting kidney carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina DI Carlo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, I-Rome 00161, Italy
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Urinary NGAL and KIM-1: potential association with histopathologic features in patients with renal cell carcinoma. World J Urol 2013; 31:1541-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00345-013-1043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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