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Zaborszky L, Varsanyi P, Alloway K, Chavez C, Gielow M, Gombkoto P, Kondo H, Nadasdy Z. Functional architecture of the forebrain cholinergic system in rodents. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4504727. [PMID: 38947053 PMCID: PMC11213185 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4504727/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS) participates in functions that are global across the brain, such as sleep-wake cycles, but also participates in capacities that are more behaviorally and anatomically specific, including sensory perception. To better understand the underlying organization principles of the BFCS, more and higher quality anatomical data and analysis is needed. Here, we created a "virtual Basal Forebrain", combining data from numerous rats with cortical retrograde tracer injections into a common 3D reference coordinate space and developed a "spatial density correlation" methodology to analyze patterns in BFCS cortical projection targets, revealing that the BFCS is organized into three principal networks: somatosensory-motor, auditory, and visual. Within each network, clusters of cholinergic cells with increasing complexity innervate cortical targets. These networks represent hierarchically organized building blocks that may enable the BFCS to coordinate spatially selective signaling, including parallel modulation of multiple functionally interconnected yet diverse groups of cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Gombkoto
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich)
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2
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Wang X, Leprince Y, Lebenberg J, Langlet C, Mohlberg H, Rivière D, Auzias G, Dickscheid T, Amunts K, Mangin JF. A framework to improve the alignment of individual cytoarchitectonic maps of the Julich-Brain atlas using cortical folding landmarks. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad538. [PMID: 38236742 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The segregation of the cortical mantle into cytoarchitectonic areas provides a structural basis for the specialization of different brain regions. In vivo neuroimaging experiments can be linked to this postmortem cytoarchitectonic parcellation via Julich-Brain. This atlas embeds probabilistic maps that account for inter-individual variability in the localization of cytoarchitectonic areas in the reference spaces targeted by spatial normalization. We built a framework to improve the alignment of architectural areas across brains using cortical folding landmarks. This framework, initially designed for in vivo imaging, was adapted to postmortem histological data. We applied this to the first 14 brains used to establish the Julich-Brain atlas to infer a refined atlas with more focal probabilistic maps. The improvement achieved is significant in the primary regions and some of the associative areas. This framework also provides a tool for exploring the relationship between cortical folding patterns and cytoarchitectonic areas in different cortical regions to establish new landmarks in the remainder of the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, Baobab, Saclay, France
| | - Yann Leprince
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, Baobab, Saclay, France
- UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jessica Lebenberg
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, Baobab, Saclay, France
- Lariboisière University Hospital, APHP, Translational Neurovascular Centre and Department of Neurology, FHU NeuroVasc, Paris, France
| | - Clement Langlet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, Baobab, Saclay, France
| | - Hartmut Mohlberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Denis Rivière
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, Baobab, Saclay, France
| | - Guillaume Auzias
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Timo Dickscheid
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- Cecile und Oskar Vogt Institut für Hirnforschung, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Walia P, Fu Y, Norfleet J, Schwaitzberg SD, Intes X, De S, Cavuoto L, Dutta A. Brain-behavior analysis of transcranial direct current stimulation effects on a complex surgical motor task. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2024; 4:1135729. [PMID: 38234492 PMCID: PMC10790853 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2023.1135729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has demonstrated its potential in enhancing surgical training and performance compared to sham tDCS. However, optimizing its efficacy requires the selection of appropriate brain targets informed by neuroimaging and mechanistic understanding. Previous studies have established the feasibility of using portable brain imaging, combining functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) with tDCS during Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) tasks. This allows concurrent monitoring of cortical activations. Building on these foundations, our study aimed to explore the multi-modal imaging of the brain response using fNIRS and electroencephalogram (EEG) to tDCS targeting the right cerebellar (CER) and left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) during a challenging FLS suturing with intracorporeal knot tying task. Involving twelve novices with a medical/premedical background (age: 22-28 years, two males, 10 females with one female with left-hand dominance), our investigation sought mechanistic insights into tDCS effects on brain areas related to error-based learning, a fundamental skill acquisition mechanism. The results revealed that right CER tDCS applied to the posterior lobe elicited a statistically significant (q < 0.05) brain response in bilateral prefrontal areas at the onset of the FLS task, surpassing the response seen with sham tDCS. Additionally, right CER tDCS led to a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in FLS scores compared to sham tDCS. Conversely, the left PFC tDCS did not yield a statistically significant brain response or improvement in FLS performance. In conclusion, right CER tDCS demonstrated the activation of bilateral prefrontal brain areas, providing valuable mechanistic insights into the effects of CER tDCS on FLS peformance. These insights motivate future investigations into the effects of CER tDCS on error-related perception-action coupling through directed functional connectivity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpinder Walia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Yaoyu Fu
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jack Norfleet
- U.S. Army Futures Command, Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center STTC, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Steven D. Schwaitzberg
- University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Xavier Intes
- Center for Modeling, Simulation, and Imaging in Medicine, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Suvranu De
- Center for Modeling, Simulation, and Imaging in Medicine, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Lora Cavuoto
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Anirban Dutta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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4
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Qiu K, Vu D, Wang L, Bookstaver A, Dinh TN, Goldfarb AN, Tenen DG, Trinh BQ. Chromatin structure and 3D architecture define differential functions of PU.1 cis regulatory elements in human blood cell lineages. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.01.573782. [PMID: 38260486 PMCID: PMC10802337 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.01.573782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The precise spatio-temporal expression of the hematopoietic ETS transcription factor PU.1 that determines the hematopoietic cell fates is tightly regulated at the chromatin level. However, it remains elusive as to how chromatin signatures are linked to this dynamic expression pattern of PU.1 across blood cell lineages. Here we performed an unbiased and in-depth analysis of the relationship between human PU.1 expression, the presence of trans-acting factors, and 3D architecture at various cis-regulatory elements (CRE) proximal to the PU.1 locus. We identified multiple novel CREs at the upstream region of the gene following an integrative inspection for conserved DNA elements at the chromatin-accessible regions in primary human blood lineages. We showed that a subset of CREs localize within a 10 kb-wide cluster that exhibits that exhibit molecular features of a myeloid-specific super-enhancer involved in mediating PU.1 autoregulation, including open chromatin, unmethylated DNA, histone enhancer marks, transcription of enhancer RNAs, and occupancy of the PU.1 protein itself. Importantly, we revealed the presence of common 35-kb-wide CTCF-bound insulated neighborhood that contains the CRE cluster, forming the chromatin territory for lineage-specific and CRE-mediated chromatin interactions. These include functional CRE-promoter interactions in myeloid and B cells but not in erythroid and T cells. Our findings also provide mechanistic insights into the interplay between dynamic chromatin structure and 3D architecture in defining certain CREs as enhancers or silencers in chromatin regulation of PU.1 expression. The study lays the groundwork for further examination of PU.1 CREs as well as epigenetic regulation in malignant hematopoiesis.
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Diveica V, Riedel MC, Salo T, Laird AR, Jackson RL, Binney RJ. Graded functional organization in the left inferior frontal gyrus: evidence from task-free and task-based functional connectivity. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11384-11399. [PMID: 37833772 PMCID: PMC10690868 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The left inferior frontal gyrus has been ascribed key roles in numerous cognitive domains, such as language and executive function. However, its functional organization is unclear. Possibilities include a singular domain-general function, or multiple functions that can be mapped onto distinct subregions. Furthermore, spatial transition in function may be either abrupt or graded. The present study explored the topographical organization of the left inferior frontal gyrus using a bimodal data-driven approach. We extracted functional connectivity gradients from (i) resting-state fMRI time-series and (ii) coactivation patterns derived meta-analytically from heterogenous sets of task data. We then sought to characterize the functional connectivity differences underpinning these gradients with seed-based resting-state functional connectivity, meta-analytic coactivation modeling and functional decoding analyses. Both analytic approaches converged on graded functional connectivity changes along 2 main organizational axes. An anterior-posterior gradient shifted from being preferentially associated with high-level control networks (anterior functional connectivity) to being more tightly coupled with perceptually driven networks (posterior). A second dorsal-ventral axis was characterized by higher connectivity with domain-general control networks on one hand (dorsal functional connectivity), and with the semantic network, on the other (ventral). These results provide novel insights into an overarching graded functional organization of the functional connectivity that explains its role in multiple cognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Diveica
- Department of Psychology & Cognitive Neuroscience Institute, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales LL57 2AS, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery & Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Michael C Riedel
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Taylor Salo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Rebecca L Jackson
- Department of Psychology & York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Binney
- Department of Psychology & Cognitive Neuroscience Institute, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales LL57 2AS, United Kingdom
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6
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Al Roumi F, Planton S, Wang L, Dehaene S. Brain-imaging evidence for compression of binary sound sequences in human memory. eLife 2023; 12:e84376. [PMID: 37910588 PMCID: PMC10619979 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the language-of-thought hypothesis, regular sequences are compressed in human memory using recursive loops akin to a mental program that predicts future items. We tested this theory by probing memory for 16-item sequences made of two sounds. We recorded brain activity with functional MRI and magneto-encephalography (MEG) while participants listened to a hierarchy of sequences of variable complexity, whose minimal description required transition probabilities, chunking, or nested structures. Occasional deviant sounds probed the participants' knowledge of the sequence. We predicted that task difficulty and brain activity would be proportional to the complexity derived from the minimal description length in our formal language. Furthermore, activity should increase with complexity for learned sequences, and decrease with complexity for deviants. These predictions were upheld in both fMRI and MEG, indicating that sequence predictions are highly dependent on sequence structure and become weaker and delayed as complexity increases. The proposed language recruited bilateral superior temporal, precentral, anterior intraparietal, and cerebellar cortices. These regions overlapped extensively with a localizer for mathematical calculation, and much less with spoken or written language processing. We propose that these areas collectively encode regular sequences as repetitions with variations and their recursive composition into nested structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fosca Al Roumi
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, NeuroSpin centerGif/YvetteFrance
| | - Samuel Planton
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, NeuroSpin centerGif/YvetteFrance
| | - Liping Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Stanislas Dehaene
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, NeuroSpin centerGif/YvetteFrance
- Collège de France, Université Paris Sciences Lettres (PSL)ParisFrance
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7
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Friederici AD. Evolutionary neuroanatomical expansion of Broca's region serving a human-specific function. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:786-796. [PMID: 37596132 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The question concerning the evolution of language is directly linked to the debate on whether language and action are dependent or not and to what extent Broca's region serves as a common neural basis. The debate resulted in two opposing views, one arguing for and one against the dependence of language and action mainly based on neuroscientific data. This article presents an evolutionary neuroanatomical framework which may offer a solution to this dispute. It is proposed that in humans, Broca's region houses language and action independently in spatially separated subregions. This became possible due to an evolutionary expansion of Broca's region in the human brain, which was not paralleled by a similar expansion in the chimpanzee's brain, providing additional space needed for the neural representation of language in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela D Friederici
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Neuropsychology, Stephanstraße 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Seidel G, Rijntjes M, Güllmar D, Weiller C, Hamzei F. Understanding the concept of a novel tool requires interaction of the dorsal and ventral streams. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:9652-9663. [PMID: 37365863 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The left hemisphere tool-use network consists of the dorso-dorsal, ventro-dorsal, and ventral streams, each with distinct computational abilities. In the dual-loop model, the ventral pathway through the extreme capsule is associated with conceptual understanding. We performed a learning experiment with fMRI to investigate how these streams interact when confronted with novel tools. In session one, subjects observed pictures and video sequences in real world action of known and unknown tools and were asked whether they knew the tools and whether they understood their function. In session two, video sequences of unknown tools were presented again, followed again by the question of understanding their function. Different conditions were compared to each other and effective connectivity (EC) in the tool-use network was examined. During concept acquisition of an unknown tool, EC between dorsal and ventral streams was found posterior in fusiform gyrus and anterior in inferior frontal gyrus, with a functional interaction between BA44d and BA45. When previously unknown tools were presented for a second time, EC was prominent only between dorsal stream areas. Understanding the concept of a novel tool requires an interaction of the ventral stream with the dorsal streams. Once the concept is acquired, dorsal stream areas are sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gundula Seidel
- Section of Neurological Rehabilitation, Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Hermann-Sachse-Strasse 46, 07639 Bad Klosterlausnitz, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Moritz Klinik Bad Klosterlausnitz, CW Breisacher Str. 64, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Michel Rijntjes
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, CW Breisacher Str. 64, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Daniel Güllmar
- Medical Physics Group, Department of Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, Gebäude 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Cornelius Weiller
- Department of Neurology, Moritz Klinik Bad Klosterlausnitz, CW Breisacher Str. 64, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Farsin Hamzei
- Section of Neurological Rehabilitation, Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Hermann-Sachse-Strasse 46, 07639 Bad Klosterlausnitz, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Moritz Klinik Bad Klosterlausnitz, CW Breisacher Str. 64, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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9
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Amiez C, Verstraete C, Sallet J, Hadj-Bouziane F, Ben Hamed S, Meguerditchian A, Procyk E, Wilson CRE, Petrides M, Sherwood CC, Hopkins WD. The relevance of the unique anatomy of the human prefrontal operculum to the emergence of speech. Commun Biol 2023; 6:693. [PMID: 37407769 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying the evolutionary origins of human speech remains a topic of intense scientific interest. Here we describe a unique feature of adult human neuroanatomy compared to chimpanzees and other primates that may provide an explanation of changes that occurred to enable the capacity for speech. That feature is the Prefrontal extent of the Frontal Operculum (PFOp) region, which is located in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, adjacent and ventromedial to the classical Broca's area. We also show that, in chimpanzees, individuals with the most human-like PFOp, particularly in the left hemisphere, have greater oro-facial and vocal motor control abilities. This critical discovery, when combined with recent paleontological evidence, suggests that the PFOp is a recently evolved feature of human cortical structure (perhaps limited to the genus Homo) that emerged in response to increasing selection for cognitive and motor functions evident in modern speech abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Amiez
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208, Bron, France.
| | - Charles Verstraete
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208, Bron, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Sallet
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208, Bron, France
- Wellcome Integrative Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SR, UK
| | - Fadila Hadj-Bouziane
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team (ImpAct), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Lyon, France
- University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Suliann Ben Hamed
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR5229, CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Bron, France
| | - Adrien Meguerditchian
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, UMR7290, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, 13331, Marseille, France
- Station de Primatologie CNRS, UAR846, 13790, Rousset, France
- Institut Language, Communication and the Brain (ILCB), Aix-Marseille Université, 13604, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Emmanuel Procyk
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208, Bron, France
| | - Charles R E Wilson
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208, Bron, France
| | - Michael Petrides
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chet C Sherwood
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - William D Hopkins
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, USA.
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Taylor PA, Reynolds RC, Calhoun V, Gonzalez-Castillo J, Handwerker DA, Bandettini PA, Mejia AF, Chen G. Highlight results, don't hide them: Enhance interpretation, reduce biases and improve reproducibility. Neuroimage 2023; 274:120138. [PMID: 37116766 PMCID: PMC10233921 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Most neuroimaging studies display results that represent only a tiny fraction of the collected data. While it is conventional to present "only the significant results" to the reader, here we suggest that this practice has several negative consequences for both reproducibility and understanding. This practice hides away most of the results of the dataset and leads to problems of selection bias and irreproducibility, both of which have been recognized as major issues in neuroimaging studies recently. Opaque, all-or-nothing thresholding, even if well-intentioned, places undue influence on arbitrary filter values, hinders clear communication of scientific results, wastes data, is antithetical to good scientific practice, and leads to conceptual inconsistencies. It is also inconsistent with the properties of the acquired data and the underlying biology being studied. Instead of presenting only a few statistically significant locations and hiding away the remaining results, studies should "highlight" the former while also showing as much as possible of the rest. This is distinct from but complementary to utilizing data sharing repositories: the initial presentation of results has an enormous impact on the interpretation of a study. We present practical examples and extensions of this approach for voxelwise, regionwise and cross-study analyses using publicly available data that was analyzed previously by 70 teams (NARPS; Botvinik-Nezer, et al., 2020), showing that it is possible to balance the goals of displaying a full set of results with providing the reader reasonably concise and "digestible" findings. In particular, the highlighting approach sheds useful light on the kind of variability present among the NARPS teams' results, which is primarily a varied strength of agreement rather than disagreement. Using a meta-analysis built on the informative "highlighting" approach shows this relative agreement, while one using the standard "hiding" approach does not. We describe how this simple but powerful change in practice-focusing on highlighting results, rather than hiding all but the strongest ones-can help address many large concerns within the field, or at least to provide more complete information about them. We include a list of practical suggestions for results reporting to improve reproducibility, cross-study comparisons and meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Taylor
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | | | - Vince Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Peter A Bandettini
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Functional MRI Core Facility, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Gang Chen
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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11
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Unger N, Haeck M, Eickhoff SB, Camilleri JA, Dickscheid T, Mohlberg H, Bludau S, Caspers S, Amunts K. Cytoarchitectonic mapping of the human frontal operculum-New correlates for a variety of brain functions. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1087026. [PMID: 37448625 PMCID: PMC10336231 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1087026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The human frontal operculum (FOp) is a brain region that covers parts of the ventral frontal cortex next to the insula. Functional imaging studies showed activations in this region in tasks related to language, somatosensory, and cognitive functions. While the precise cytoarchitectonic areas that correlate to these processes have not yet been revealed, earlier receptorarchitectonic analysis resulted in a detailed parcellation of the FOp. We complemented this analysis by a cytoarchitectonic study of a sample of ten postmortem brains and mapped the posterior FOp in serial, cell-body stained histological sections using image analysis and multivariate statistics. Three new areas were identified: Op5 represents the most posterior area, followed by Op6 and the most anterior region Op7. Areas Op5-Op7 approach the insula, up to the circular sulcus. Area 44 of Broca's region, the most ventral part of premotor area 6, and parts of the parietal operculum are dorso-laterally adjacent to Op5-Op7. The areas did not show any interhemispheric or sex differences. Three-dimensional probability maps and a maximum probability map were generated in stereotaxic space, and then used, in a first proof-of-concept-study, for functional decoding and analysis of structural and functional connectivity. Functional decoding revealed different profiles of cytoarchitectonically identified Op5-Op7. While left Op6 was active in music cognition, right Op5 was involved in chewing/swallowing and sexual processing. Both areas showed activation during the exercise of isometric force in muscles. An involvement in the coordination of flexion/extension could be shown for the right Op6. Meta-analytic connectivity modeling revealed various functional connections of the FOp areas within motor and somatosensory networks, with the most evident connection with the music/language network for Op6 left. The new cytoarchitectonic maps are part of Julich-Brain, and publicly available to serve as a basis for future analyses of structural-functional relationships in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Unger
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Simon B. Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia A. Camilleri
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Timo Dickscheid
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hartmut Mohlberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bludau
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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12
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Liu Y, Gao C, Wang P, Friederici AD, Zaccarella E, Chen L. Exploring the neurobiology of Merge at a basic level: insights from a novel artificial grammar paradigm. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1151518. [PMID: 37287773 PMCID: PMC10242141 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1151518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human language allows us to generate an infinite number of linguistic expressions. It's proposed that this competence is based on a binary syntactic operation, Merge, combining two elements to form a new constituent. An increasing number of recent studies have shifted from complex syntactic structures to two-word constructions to investigate the neural representation of this operation at the most basic level. Methods This fMRI study aimed to develop a highly flexible artificial grammar paradigm for testing the neurobiology of human syntax at a basic level. During scanning, participants had to apply abstract syntactic rules to assess whether a given two-word artificial phrase could be further merged with a third word. To control for lower-level template-matching and working memory strategies, an additional non-mergeable word-list task was set up. Results Behavioral data indicated that participants complied with the experiment. Whole brain and region of interest (ROI) analyses were performed under the contrast of "structure > word-list." Whole brain analysis confirmed significant involvement of the posterior inferior frontal gyrus [pIFG, corresponding to Brodmann area (BA) 44]. Furthermore, both the signal intensity in Broca's area and the behavioral performance showed significant correlations with natural language performance in the same participants. ROI analysis within the language atlas and anatomically defined Broca's area revealed that only the pIFG was reliably activated. Discussion Taken together, these results support the notion that Broca's area, particularly BA 44, works as a combinatorial engine where words are merged together according to syntactic information. Furthermore, this study suggests that the present artificial grammar may serve as promising material for investigating the neurobiological basis of syntax, fostering future cross-species studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Max Planck Partner Group, School of International Chinese Language Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyang Gao
- School of Global Education and Development, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Method and Development Group (MEG and Cortical Networks), Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Angela D. Friederici
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emiliano Zaccarella
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luyao Chen
- Max Planck Partner Group, School of International Chinese Language Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Educational System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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13
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Rolls ET, Rauschecker JP, Deco G, Huang CC, Feng J. Auditory cortical connectivity in humans. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:6207-6227. [PMID: 36573464 PMCID: PMC10422925 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand auditory cortical processing, the effective connectivity between 15 auditory cortical regions and 360 cortical regions was measured in 171 Human Connectome Project participants, and complemented with functional connectivity and diffusion tractography. 1. A hierarchy of auditory cortical processing was identified from Core regions (including A1) to Belt regions LBelt, MBelt, and 52; then to PBelt; and then to HCP A4. 2. A4 has connectivity to anterior temporal lobe TA2, and to HCP A5, which connects to dorsal-bank superior temporal sulcus (STS) regions STGa, STSda, and STSdp. These STS regions also receive visual inputs about moving faces and objects, which are combined with auditory information to help implement multimodal object identification, such as who is speaking, and what is being said. Consistent with this being a "what" ventral auditory stream, these STS regions then have effective connectivity to TPOJ1, STV, PSL, TGv, TGd, and PGi, which are language-related semantic regions connecting to Broca's area, especially BA45. 3. A4 and A5 also have effective connectivity to MT and MST, which connect to superior parietal regions forming a dorsal auditory "where" stream involved in actions in space. Connections of PBelt, A4, and A5 with BA44 may form a language-related dorsal stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200602, China
| | - Josef P Rauschecker
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Brain and Cognition, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona 08018, Spain
- Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200602, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200403, China
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14
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Neef NE, Angstadt M, Koenraads SPC, Chang SE. Dissecting structural connectivity of the left and right inferior frontal cortex in children who stutter. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:4085-4100. [PMID: 36057839 PMCID: PMC10068293 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inferior frontal cortex pars opercularis (IFCop) features a distinct cerebral dominance and vast functional heterogeneity. Left and right IFCop are implicated in developmental stuttering. Weak left IFCop connections and divergent connectivity of hyperactive right IFCop regions have been related to impeded speech. Here, we reanalyzed diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data from 83 children (41 stuttering). We generated connection probability maps of functionally segregated area 44 parcels and calculated hemisphere-wise analyses of variance. Children who stutter showed reduced connectivity of executive, rostral-motor, and caudal-motor corticostriatal projections from the left IFCop. We discuss this finding in the context of tracing studies from the macaque area 44, which leads to the need to reconsider current models of speech motor control. Unlike the left, the right IFCop revealed increased connectivity of the inferior posterior ventral parcel and decreased connectivity of the posterior dorsal parcel with the anterior insula, particularly in stuttering boys. This divergent connectivity pattern in young children adds to the debate on potential core deficits in stuttering and challenges the theory that right hemisphere differences might exclusively indicate compensatory changes that evolve from lifelong exposure. Instead, early right prefrontal connectivity differences may reflect additional brain signatures of aberrant cognition-emotion-action influencing speech motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Neef
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mike Angstadt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Simone P C Koenraads
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CNRotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Soo-Eun Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, 1026 Red Cedar Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Cognitive Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, 846 Service Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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15
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Kubota E, Grotheer M, Finzi D, Natu VS, Gomez J, Grill-Spector K. White matter connections of high-level visual areas predict cytoarchitecture better than category-selectivity in childhood, but not adulthood. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2485-2506. [PMID: 35671505 PMCID: PMC10016065 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventral temporal cortex (VTC) consists of high-level visual regions that are arranged in consistent anatomical locations across individuals. This consistency has led to several hypotheses about the factors that constrain the functional organization of VTC. A prevailing theory is that white matter connections influence the organization of VTC, however, the nature of this constraint is unclear. Here, we test 2 hypotheses: (1) white matter tracts are specific for each category or (2) white matter tracts are specific to cytoarchitectonic areas of VTC. To test these hypotheses, we used diffusion magnetic resonance imaging to identify white matter tracts and functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify category-selective regions in VTC in children and adults. We find that in childhood, white matter connections are linked to cytoarchitecture rather than category-selectivity. In adulthood, however, white matter connections are linked to both cytoarchitecture and category-selectivity. These results suggest a rethinking of the view that category-selective regions in VTC have category-specific white matter connections early in development. Instead, these findings suggest that the neural hardware underlying the processing of categorical stimuli may be more domain-general than previously thought, particularly in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kubota
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mareike Grotheer
- Department of Psychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35039, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, CMBB, Philipps-Universität Marburg and Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dawn Finzi
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vaidehi S Natu
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jesse Gomez
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Kalanit Grill-Spector
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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16
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Pessoa L. Disentangling Some Conceptual Knots. J Cogn Neurosci 2023; 35:391-395. [PMID: 36626350 PMCID: PMC11019943 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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17
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Neuroplasticity enables bio-cultural feedback in Paleolithic stone-tool making. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2877. [PMID: 36807588 PMCID: PMC9938911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29994-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Stone-tool making is an ancient human skill thought to have played a key role in the bio-cultural co-evolutionary feedback that produced modern brains, culture, and cognition. To test the proposed evolutionary mechanisms underpinning this hypothesis we studied stone-tool making skill learning in modern participants and examined interactions between individual neurostructural differences, plastic accommodation, and culturally transmitted behavior. We found that prior experience with other culturally transmitted craft skills increased both initial stone tool-making performance and subsequent neuroplastic training effects in a frontoparietal white matter pathway associated with action control. These effects were mediated by the effect of experience on pre-training variation in a frontotemporal pathway supporting action semantic representation. Our results show that the acquisition of one technical skill can produce structural brain changes conducive to the discovery and acquisition of additional skills, providing empirical evidence for bio-cultural feedback loops long hypothesized to link learning and adaptive change.
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18
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Diveica V, Riedel MC, Salo T, Laird AR, Jackson RL, Binney RJ. Graded functional organisation in the left inferior frontal gyrus: evidence from task-free and task-based functional connectivity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.02.526818. [PMID: 36778322 PMCID: PMC9915604 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.02.526818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) has been ascribed key roles in numerous cognitive domains, including language, executive function and social cognition. However, its functional organisation, and how the specific areas implicated in these cognitive domains relate to each other, is unclear. Possibilities include that the LIFG underpins a domain-general function or, alternatively, that it is characterized by functional differentiation, which might occur in either a discrete or a graded pattern. The aim of the present study was to explore the topographical organisation of the LIFG using a bimodal data-driven approach. To this end, we extracted functional connectivity (FC) gradients from 1) the resting-state fMRI time-series of 150 participants (77 female), and 2) patterns of co-activation derived meta-analytically from task data across a diverse set of cognitive domains. We then sought to characterize the FC differences driving these gradients with seed-based resting-state FC and meta-analytic co-activation modelling analyses. Both analytic approaches converged on an FC profile that shifted in a graded fashion along two main organisational axes. An anterior-posterior gradient shifted from being preferentially associated with high-level control networks (anterior LIFG) to being more tightly coupled with perceptually-driven networks (posterior). A second dorsal-ventral axis was characterized by higher connectivity with domain-general control networks on one hand (dorsal LIFG), and with the semantic network, on the other (ventral). These results provide novel insights into a graded functional organisation of the LIFG underpinning both task-free and task-constrained mental states, and suggest that the LIFG is an interface between distinct large-scale functional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Diveica
- Cognitive Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Wales, UK
| | - Michael C. Riedel
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Taylor Salo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angela R. Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Jackson
- Department of Psychology & York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, UK
| | - Richard J. Binney
- Cognitive Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Wales, UK
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19
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Vernes SC, Devanna P, Hörpel SG, Alvarez van Tussenbroek I, Firzlaff U, Hagoort P, Hiller M, Hoeksema N, Hughes GM, Lavrichenko K, Mengede J, Morales AE, Wiesmann M. The pale spear-nosed bat: A neuromolecular and transgenic model for vocal learning. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1517:125-142. [PMID: 36069117 PMCID: PMC9826251 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Vocal learning, the ability to produce modified vocalizations via learning from acoustic signals, is a key trait in the evolution of speech. While extensively studied in songbirds, mammalian models for vocal learning are rare. Bats present a promising study system given their gregarious natures, small size, and the ability of some species to be maintained in captive colonies. We utilize the pale spear-nosed bat (Phyllostomus discolor) and report advances in establishing this species as a tractable model for understanding vocal learning. We have taken an interdisciplinary approach, aiming to provide an integrated understanding across genomics (Part I), neurobiology (Part II), and transgenics (Part III). In Part I, we generated new, high-quality genome annotations of coding genes and noncoding microRNAs to facilitate functional and evolutionary studies. In Part II, we traced connections between auditory-related brain regions and reported neuroimaging to explore the structure of the brain and gene expression patterns to highlight brain regions. In Part III, we created the first successful transgenic bats by manipulating the expression of FoxP2, a speech-related gene. These interdisciplinary approaches are facilitating a mechanistic and evolutionary understanding of mammalian vocal learning and can also contribute to other areas of investigation that utilize P. discolor or bats as study species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja C. Vernes
- School of BiologyUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK,Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication GroupMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Paolo Devanna
- School of BiologyUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK,Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication GroupMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Stephen Gareth Hörpel
- School of BiologyUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK,Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication GroupMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenThe Netherlands,TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Ine Alvarez van Tussenbroek
- School of BiologyUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK,Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication GroupMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Uwe Firzlaff
- TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Peter Hagoort
- Neurobiology of Language DepartmentMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Michael Hiller
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Faculty of Biosciences, Senckenberg Research Institute, Goethe‐UniversityFrankfurtGermany
| | - Nienke Hoeksema
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication GroupMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenThe Netherlands,Neurobiology of Language DepartmentMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Graham M. Hughes
- School of Biology and Environmental ScienceUniversity College DublinBelfieldIreland
| | - Ksenia Lavrichenko
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication GroupMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Janine Mengede
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication GroupMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Ariadna E. Morales
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Faculty of Biosciences, Senckenberg Research Institute, Goethe‐UniversityFrankfurtGermany
| | - Maximilian Wiesmann
- Department of Medical ImagingAnatomyRadboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behavior, Center for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud Alzheimer CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
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20
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Kemmerer D. Revisiting the relation between syntax, action, and left BA44. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:923022. [PMID: 36211129 PMCID: PMC9537576 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.923022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the many lines of research that have been exploring how embodiment contributes to cognition, one focuses on how the neural substrates of language may be shared, or at least closely coupled, with those of action. This paper revisits a particular proposal that has received considerable attention—namely, that the forms of hierarchical sequencing that characterize both linguistic syntax and goal-directed action are underpinned partly by common mechanisms in left Brodmann area (BA) 44, a cortical region that is not only classically regarded as part of Broca’s area, but is also a core component of the human Mirror Neuron System. First, a recent multi-participant, multi-round debate about this proposal is summarized together with some other relevant findings. This review reveals that while the proposal is supported by a variety of theoretical arguments and empirical results, it still faces several challenges. Next, a narrower application of the proposal is discussed, specifically involving the basic word order of subject (S), object (O), and verb (V) in simple transitive clauses. Most languages are either SOV or SVO, and, building on prior work, it is argued that these strong syntactic tendencies derive from how left BA44 represents the sequential-hierarchical structure of goal-directed actions. Finally, with the aim of clarifying what it might mean for syntax and action to have “common” neural mechanisms in left BA44, two different versions of the main proposal are distinguished. Hypothesis 1 states that the very same neural mechanisms in left BA44 subserve some aspects of hierarchical sequencing for syntax and action, whereas Hypothesis 2 states that anatomically distinct but functionally parallel neural mechanisms in left BA44 subserve some aspects of hierarchical sequencing for syntax and action. Although these two hypotheses make different predictions, at this point neither one has significantly more explanatory power than the other, and further research is needed to elaborate and test them.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kemmerer
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IND, United States
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IND, United States
- *Correspondence: David Kemmerer,
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21
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Bulut T. Meta-analytic connectivity modeling of the left and right inferior frontal gyri. Cortex 2022; 155:107-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Srinivasan S, Saini AG, Ahuja CK, Khandelwal N, Sahu JK, Singhi P. Seizure Semiology, Location of Lesion on Neuroimaging, and Interictal Electroencephalographic (EEG) Abnormalities in Children With Single-Lesion Neurocysticercosis-Is There a Correlation? J Child Neurol 2022; 37:8830738211047018. [PMID: 35656774 DOI: 10.1177/08830738211047018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-lesion neurocysticercosis provides a model of seizure genesis secondary to an acquired lesion. We aimed to study the correlation of seizure semiology with the location of the lesion and interictal electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities in children with single-lesion neurocysticercosis. Methods: Prospective, observational study in children with single-lesion neurocysticercosis and seizures. Seizure classification was done after an interview with the parent/onlooker and the child. Localization and lateralization of the lesion were done by neuroimaging. The EEG abnormalities were classified based on their morphology and location. Results: Ninety-two children (7.9 ± 2.4 years) were included. Focal-onset seizures were the commonest (n = 54; 58.6%) seizures. Majority of the lesions were located in the frontal (n = 43; 47%) and parietal cortex (n = 34; 37%). EEG showed focal slowing (n = 15; 53.6%) and epileptiform spikes/spike-wave complexes (n = 13; 46.4%). There was a perfect agreement of clinical semiology with imaging lateralization (K = 1.0) and moderate agreement with imaging localization (K = 0.4). There was no significant agreement of clinical localization with EEG slowing (K = 0.1) or sharps (K = 0). There was moderate agreement (K = 0.6) of EEG slowing and substantial agreement (K = 0.7) of EEG sharps with clinical lateralization. Focal EEG slowing had moderate (K = 0.5) agreement with imaging lateralization. Focal sharps/spikes had substantial (K = 0.7) agreement with imaging lateralization. The positive predictive value (PPV) of seizure semiology for lateralization and localization was 100% and 68%, respectively. PVV of focal sharps for lateralization and localization was 84% and 70%, respectively. PPV of focal slowing for lateralization and localization was 77% and 65%, respectively. Conclusion: Seizure semiology in single-lesion neurocysticercosis correlates very well with lateralization but not so well with localization of lesion on neuroimaging. Focal EEG abnormalities are seen in nearly one-third of children with single-lesion neurocysticercosis. EEG often predicts the side of the lesion but has poor localizing value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhiya Srinivasan
- Department of Pediatrics, 29751Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arushi Gahlot Saini
- Department of Pediatrics, 29751Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Chirag K Ahuja
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, 29751Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Niranjan Khandelwal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, 29751Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Sahu
- Department of Pediatrics, 29751Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pratibha Singhi
- Department of Pediatrics, 29751Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
- Pediatric Neurology and Neurodevelopment, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, India
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23
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Hur J, Kuhn M, Grogans SE, Anderson AS, Islam S, Kim HC, Tillman RM, Fox AS, Smith JF, DeYoung KA, Shackman AJ. Anxiety-Related Frontocortical Activity Is Associated With Dampened Stressor Reactivity in the Real World. Psychol Sci 2022; 33:906-924. [PMID: 35657777 PMCID: PMC9343891 DOI: 10.1177/09567976211056635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative affect is a fundamental dimension of human emotion. When extreme, it contributes to a variety of adverse outcomes, from physical and mental illness to divorce and premature death. Mechanistic work in animals and neuroimaging research in humans and monkeys have begun to reveal the broad contours of the neural circuits governing negative affect, but the relevance of these discoveries to everyday distress remains incompletely understood. Here, we used a combination of approaches-including neuroimaging assays of threat anticipation and emotional-face perception and more than 10,000 momentary assessments of emotional experience-to demonstrate that individuals who showed greater activation in a cingulo-opercular circuit during an anxiety-eliciting laboratory paradigm experienced lower levels of stressor-dependent distress in their daily lives (ns = 202-208 university students). Extended amygdala activation was not significantly related to momentary negative affect. These observations provide a framework for understanding the neurobiology of negative affect in the laboratory and in the real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoen Hur
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei
University
| | - Manuel Kuhn
- Center for Depression, Anxiety
and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University
| | | | | | - Samiha Islam
- Department of Psychology,
University of Pennsylvania
| | - Hyung Cho Kim
- Department of Psychology,
University of Maryland
- Neuroscience and Cognitive
Science Program, University of Maryland
| | | | - Andrew S. Fox
- Department of Psychology,
University of California, Davis
- California National Primate
Research Center, University of California, Davis
| | | | | | - Alexander J. Shackman
- Department of Psychology,
University of Maryland
- Neuroscience and Cognitive
Science Program, University of Maryland
- Maryland Neuroimaging Center,
University of Maryland, College Park
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24
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Ruland SH, Palomero-Gallagher N, Hoffsteadter F, Eickhoff SB, Mohlberg H, Amunts K. The inferior frontal sulcus: cortical segregation, molecular architecture and function. Cortex 2022; 153:235-256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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25
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Sanchez-Alonso S, Aslin RN. Towards a model of language neurobiology in early development. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2022; 224:105047. [PMID: 34894429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2021.105047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding language neurobiology in early childhood is essential for characterizing the developmental structural and functional changes that lead to the mature adult language network. In the last two decades, the field of language neurodevelopment has received increasing attention, particularly given the rapid advances in the implementation of neuroimaging techniques and analytic approaches that allow detailed investigations into the developing brain across a variety of cognitive domains. These methodological and analytical advances hold the promise of developing early markers of language outcomes that allow diagnosis and clinical interventions at the earliest stages of development. Here, we argue that findings in language neurobiology need to be integrated within an approach that captures the dynamic nature and inherent variability that characterizes the developing brain and the interplay between behavior and (structural and functional) neural patterns. Accordingly, we describe a framework for understanding language neurobiology in early development, which minimally requires an explicit characterization of the following core domains: i) computations underlying language learning mechanisms, ii) developmental patterns of change across neural and behavioral measures, iii) environmental variables that reinforce language learning (e.g., the social context), and iv) brain maturational constraints for optimal neural plasticity, which determine the infant's sensitivity to learning from the environment. We discuss each of these domains in the context of recent behavioral and neuroimaging findings and consider the need for quantitatively modeling two main sources of variation: individual differences or trait-like patterns of variation and within-subject differences or state-like patterns of variation. The goal is to enable models that allow prediction of language outcomes from neural measures that take into account these two types of variation. Finally, we examine how future methodological approaches would benefit from the inclusion of more ecologically valid paradigms that complement and allow generalization of traditional controlled laboratory methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard N Aslin
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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26
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Miyagawa S. Revisiting Fitch and Hauser's Observation That Tamarin Monkeys Can Learn Combinations Based on Finite-State Grammar. Front Psychol 2021; 12:772291. [PMID: 34912276 PMCID: PMC8667552 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.772291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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27
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Draganova R, Konietschke F, Steiner KM, Elangovan N, Gümüs M, Göricke SM, Ernst TM, Deistung A, van Eimeren T, Konczak J, Timmann D. Motor training-related brain reorganization in patients with cerebellar degeneration. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 43:1611-1629. [PMID: 34894171 PMCID: PMC8886660 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar degeneration progressively impairs motor function. Recent research showed that cerebellar patients can improve motor performance with practice, but the optimal feedback type (visual, proprioceptive, verbal) for such learning and the underlying neuroplastic changes are unknown. Here, patients with cerebellar degeneration (N = 40) and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (N = 40) practiced single‐joint, goal‐directed forearm movements for 5 days. Cerebellar patients improved performance during visuomotor practice, but a training focusing on either proprioceptive feedback, or explicit verbal feedback and instruction did not show additional benefits. Voxel‐based morphometry revealed that after training gray matter volume (GMV) was increased prominently in the visual association cortices of controls, whereas cerebellar patients exhibited GMV increase predominantly in premotor cortex. The premotor cortex as a recipient of cerebellar efferents appears to be an important hub in compensatory remodeling following damage of the cerebro‐cerebellar motor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossitza Draganova
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank Konietschke
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina M Steiner
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Naveen Elangovan
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Meltem Gümüs
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sophia M Göricke
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas M Ernst
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Deistung
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department for Radiation Medicine, University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thilo van Eimeren
- Multimodal Neuroimaging Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Konczak
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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28
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Species and individual differences and connectional asymmetry of Broca's area in humans and macaques. Neuroimage 2021; 244:118583. [PMID: 34562577 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To reveal the connectional specialization of the Broca's area (or its homologue), voxel-wise inter-species and individual differences, and inter-hemispheric asymmetry were respectively inspected in humans and macaques at both whole-brain connectivity and single tract levels. It was discovered that the developed connectivity blueprint approach is able to localize connectionally comparable voxels between the two species in Broca's area, whereas the quantitative differences between blueprints of locationally or connectionally corresponding voxels enable us to generate inter-hemispheric, inter-subject, and inter-species connectional variabilities, respectively. More importantly, the inter-species and inter-subject variabilities exhibited positive correlation in both two primates, and relatively higher variabilities were detected in the anatomically defined pars triangularis. By contrast, negative relationship was identified between the inter-species variability and hemispheric asymmetry in human brain. In particular, relatively higher asymmetry was revealed in the anatomically defined pars opercularis. Therefore, our novel findings demonstrated that pars triangularis, as compared to pars opercularis, might be a more active area during primate evolution, in which the brain connectivity and possible functions of pars triangularis show relatively higher degree in species specialization, yet lower in hemispheric specialization. Meanwhile, brain connectivity and possible functions of pars opercularis manifested an opposite pattern. At the tract level, functional roles related to the ventral stream in speech comprehension were relatively conservative and bilaterally organized, while those related to the dorsal stream in speech production show relatively higher species and hemispheric specializations.
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29
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Thibault S, Py R, Gervasi AM, Salemme R, Koun E, Lövden M, Boulenger V, Roy AC, Brozzoli C. Tool use and language share syntactic processes and neural patterns in the basal ganglia. Science 2021; 374:eabe0874. [PMID: 34762470 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe0874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Thibault
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team (ImpAct), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, 69000, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon 69000, France
| | - Raphaël Py
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team (ImpAct), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, 69000, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon 69000, France
| | - Angelo Mattia Gervasi
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team (ImpAct), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, 69000, France
| | - Romeo Salemme
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team (ImpAct), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, 69000, France
| | - Eric Koun
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team (ImpAct), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, 69000, France
| | - Martin Lövden
- Aging Research Center (ARC), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Véronique Boulenger
- University of Lyon, Lyon 69000, France.,Dynamics of Language laboratory, CNRS UMR5596, Lyon, France
| | - Alice C Roy
- University of Lyon, Lyon 69000, France.,Dynamics of Language laboratory, CNRS UMR5596, Lyon, France
| | - Claudio Brozzoli
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team (ImpAct), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, 69000, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon 69000, France.,Aging Research Center (ARC), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Parallel cognitive processing streams in human prefrontal cortex: Parsing areal-level brain network for response inhibition. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109732. [PMID: 34551294 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple cognitive processes are recruited to achieve adaptive behavior. However, it is poorly understood how such cognitive processes are implemented in temporal cascades of human cerebral cortical areas as processing streams to achieve behavior. In the present study, we identify cortical processing streams for response inhibition and examine relationships among the processing streams. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and time-resolved single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) reveal three distinct critical timings of transient disruption in the functionally essential cortical areas that belong to two distinct cerebrocortical networks. Furthermore, single-pulse TMS following suppression of the ventral posterior inferior frontal cortex (vpIFC) with repetitive TMS reveals information flow from the vpIFC to the presupplementary motor area (preSMA) within the same network but not to the dorsal posterior inferior frontal cortex (dpIFC) across different networks. These causal behavioral effects suggest two parallel processing streams (vpIFC-preSMA versus dpIFC-intraparietal sulcus) that act concurrently during response inhibition.
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31
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Unger N, Heim S, Hilger DI, Bludau S, Pieperhoff P, Cichon S, Amunts K, Mühleisen TW. Identification of Phonology-Related Genes and Functional Characterization of Broca's and Wernicke's Regions in Language and Learning Disorders. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:680762. [PMID: 34539327 PMCID: PMC8446646 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.680762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired phonological processing is a leading symptom of multifactorial language and learning disorders suggesting a common biological basis. Here we evaluated studies of dyslexia, dyscalculia, specific language impairment (SLI), and the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA) seeking for shared risk genes in Broca's and Wernicke's regions, being key for phonological processing within the complex language network. The identified "phonology-related genes" from literature were functionally characterized using Atlas-based expression mapping (JuGEx) and gene set enrichment. Out of 643 publications from the last decade until now, we extracted 21 candidate genes of which 13 overlapped with dyslexia and SLI, six with dyslexia and dyscalculia, and two with dyslexia, dyscalculia, and SLI. No overlap was observed between the childhood disorders and the late-onset lvPPA often showing symptoms of learning disorders earlier in life. Multiple genes were enriched in Gene Ontology terms of the topics learning (CNTNAP2, CYFIP1, DCDC2, DNAAF4, FOXP2) and neuronal development (CCDC136, CNTNAP2, CYFIP1, DCDC2, KIAA0319, RBFOX2, ROBO1). Twelve genes showed above-average expression across both regions indicating moderate-to-high gene activity in the investigated cortical part of the language network. Of these, three genes were differentially expressed suggesting potential regional specializations: ATP2C2 was upregulated in Broca's region, while DNAAF4 and FOXP2 were upregulated in Wernicke's region. ATP2C2 encodes a magnesium-dependent calcium transporter which fits with reports about disturbed calcium and magnesium levels for dyslexia and other communication disorders. DNAAF4 (formerly known as DYX1C1) is involved in neuronal migration supporting the hypothesis of disturbed migration in dyslexia. FOXP2 is a transcription factor that regulates a number of genes involved in development of speech and language. Overall, our interdisciplinary and multi-tiered approach provided evidence that genetic and transcriptional variation of ATP2C2, DNAAF4, and FOXP2 may play a role in physiological and pathological aspects of phonological processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Unger
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Heim
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA-Brain, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dominique I. Hilger
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bludau
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter Pieperhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA-Brain, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas W. Mühleisen
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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32
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Bocchetta M, Malpetti M, Todd EG, Rowe JB, Rohrer JD. Looking beneath the surface: the importance of subcortical structures in frontotemporal dementia. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab158. [PMID: 34458729 PMCID: PMC8390477 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Whilst initial anatomical studies of frontotemporal dementia focussed on cortical involvement, the relevance of subcortical structures to the pathophysiology of frontotemporal dementia has been increasingly recognized over recent years. Key structures affected include the caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, and globus pallidus within the basal ganglia, the hippocampus and amygdala within the medial temporal lobe, the basal forebrain, and the diencephalon structures of the thalamus, hypothalamus and habenula. At the most posterior aspect of the brain, focal involvement of brainstem and cerebellum has recently also been shown in certain subtypes of frontotemporal dementia. Many of the neuroimaging studies on subcortical structures in frontotemporal dementia have been performed in clinically defined sporadic cases. However, investigations of genetically- and pathologically-confirmed forms of frontotemporal dementia are increasingly common and provide molecular specificity to the changes observed. Furthermore, detailed analyses of sub-nuclei and subregions within each subcortical structure are being added to the literature, allowing refinement of the patterns of subcortical involvement. This review focuses on the existing literature on structural imaging and neuropathological studies of subcortical anatomy across the spectrum of frontotemporal dementia, along with investigations of brain–behaviour correlates that examine the cognitive sequelae of specific subcortical involvement: it aims to ‘look beneath the surface’ and summarize the patterns of subcortical involvement have been described in frontotemporal dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bocchetta
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maura Malpetti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily G Todd
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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33
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Broca's area and the search for anatomical asymmetry: commentary and perspectives. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:441-449. [PMID: 34390415 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We present a brief commentary on the field's search for an anatomical asymmetry between Broca's area and its homologue in the non-dominant hemisphere, focusing on a selection of studies, including research from the last decade. We demonstrate that, several years after the influential review of Keller and colleagues from 2009, and despite recent advances in neuroimaging, the existence of a structural asymmetry of Broca's area is still controversial. This is especially the case for studies of the macroanatomy of this region. We point out the inconsistencies in methodology across studies that could account for the discrepancy in results. Investigations of the microstructure of Broca's area show a trend of a leftward asymmetry, but it is still unclear how these results relate to language dominance. We suggest that it may be necessary to combine multiple metrics in a systematic manner to find robust asymmetries and to expand the regional scope of structural investigations. Finally, based on the current state of the literature, we should not rule out the possibility that language dominance may simply not be reflected in local anatomical differences in the brain.
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34
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Gajardo-Vidal A, Lorca-Puls DL, Team P, Warner H, Pshdary B, Crinion JT, Leff AP, Hope TMH, Geva S, Seghier ML, Green DW, Bowman H, Price CJ. Damage to Broca's area does not contribute to long-term speech production outcome after stroke. Brain 2021; 144:817-832. [PMID: 33517378 PMCID: PMC8041045 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Broca's area in the posterior half of the left inferior frontal gyrus has long been thought to be critical for speech production. The current view is that long-term speech production outcome in patients with Broca's area damage is best explained by the combination of damage to Broca's area and neighbouring regions including the underlying white matter, which was also damaged in Paul Broca's two historic cases. Here, we dissociate the effect of damage to Broca's area from the effect of damage to surrounding areas by studying long-term speech production outcome in 134 stroke survivors with relatively circumscribed left frontal lobe lesions that spared posterior speech production areas in lateral inferior parietal and superior temporal association cortices. Collectively, these patients had varying degrees of damage to one or more of nine atlas-based grey or white matter regions: Brodmann areas 44 and 45 (together known as Broca's area), ventral premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, insula, putamen, the anterior segment of the arcuate fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus and frontal aslant tract. Spoken picture description scores from the Comprehensive Aphasia Test were used as the outcome measure. Multiple regression analyses allowed us to tease apart the contribution of other variables influencing speech production abilities such as total lesion volume and time post-stroke. We found that, in our sample of patients with left frontal damage, long-term speech production impairments (lasting beyond 3 months post-stroke) were solely predicted by the degree of damage to white matter, directly above the insula, in the vicinity of the anterior part of the arcuate fasciculus, with no contribution from the degree of damage to Broca's area (as confirmed with Bayesian statistics). The effect of white matter damage cannot be explained by a disconnection of Broca's area, because speech production scores were worse after damage to the anterior arcuate fasciculus with relative sparing of Broca's area than after damage to Broca's area with relative sparing of the anterior arcuate fasciculus. Our findings provide evidence for three novel conclusions: (i) Broca's area damage does not contribute to long-term speech production outcome after left frontal lobe strokes; (ii) persistent speech production impairments after damage to the anterior arcuate fasciculus cannot be explained by a disconnection of Broca's area; and (iii) the prior association between persistent speech production impairments and Broca's area damage can be explained by co-occurring white matter damage, above the insula, in the vicinity of the anterior part of the arcuate fasciculus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gajardo-Vidal
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad del Desarrollo, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Diego L Lorca-Puls
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Ploras Team
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Holly Warner
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Bawan Pshdary
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jennifer T Crinion
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander P Leff
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Thomas M H Hope
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Sharon Geva
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Mohamed L Seghier
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Emirates College for Advanced Education, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - David W Green
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Howard Bowman
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems and the School of Computing, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.,School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cathy J Price
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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35
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Deep characterization of individual brain-phenotype relations using a multilevel atlas. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Bedini M, Baldauf D. Structure, function and connectivity fingerprints of the frontal eye field versus the inferior frontal junction: A comprehensive comparison. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:5462-5506. [PMID: 34273134 PMCID: PMC9291791 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The human prefrontal cortex contains two prominent areas, the frontal eye field and the inferior frontal junction, that are crucially involved in the orchestrating functions of attention, working memory and cognitive control. Motivated by comparative evidence in non-human primates, we review the human neuroimaging literature, suggesting that the functions of these regions can be clearly dissociated. We found remarkable differences in how these regions relate to sensory domains and visual topography, top-down and bottom-up spatial attention, spatial versus non-spatial (i.e., feature- and object-based) attention and working memory and, finally, the multiple-demand system. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies using multivariate pattern analysis reveal the selectivity of the frontal eye field and inferior frontal junction to spatial and non-spatial information, respectively. The analysis of functional and effective connectivity provides evidence of the modulation of the activity in downstream visual areas from the frontal eye field and inferior frontal junction and sheds light on their reciprocal influences. We therefore suggest that future studies should aim at disentangling more explicitly the role of these regions in the control of spatial and non-spatial selection. We propose that the analysis of the structural and functional connectivity (i.e., the connectivity fingerprints) of the frontal eye field and inferior frontal junction may be used to further characterize their involvement in a spatial ('where') and a non-spatial ('what') network, respectively, highlighting segregated brain networks that allow biasing visual selection and working memory performance to support goal-driven behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bedini
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Daniel Baldauf
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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37
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Takács Á, Kóbor A, Kardos Z, Janacsek K, Horváth K, Beste C, Nemeth D. Neurophysiological and functional neuroanatomical coding of statistical and deterministic rule information during sequence learning. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:3182-3201. [PMID: 33797825 PMCID: PMC8193527 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are capable of acquiring multiple types of information presented in the same information stream. It has been suggested that at least two parallel learning processes are important during learning of sequential patterns-statistical learning and rule-based learning. Yet, the neurophysiological underpinnings of these parallel learning processes are not fully understood. To differentiate between the simultaneous mechanisms at the single trial level, we apply a temporal EEG signal decomposition approach together with sLORETA source localization method to delineate whether distinct statistical and rule-based learning codes can be distinguished in EEG data and can be related to distinct functional neuroanatomical structures. We demonstrate that concomitant but distinct aspects of information coded in the N2 time window play a role in these mechanisms: mismatch detection and response control underlie statistical learning and rule-based learning, respectively, albeit with different levels of time-sensitivity. Moreover, the effects of the two learning mechanisms in the different temporally decomposed clusters of neural activity also differed from each other in neural sources. Importantly, the right inferior frontal cortex (BA44) was specifically implicated in visuomotor statistical learning, confirming its role in the acquisition of transitional probabilities. In contrast, visuomotor rule-based learning was associated with the prefrontal gyrus (BA6). The results show how simultaneous learning mechanisms operate at the neurophysiological level and are orchestrated by distinct prefrontal cortical areas. The current findings deepen our understanding on the mechanisms of how humans are capable of learning multiple types of information from the same stimulus stream in a parallel fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Takács
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Andrea Kóbor
- Brain Imaging CentreResearch Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
| | - Zsófia Kardos
- Brain Imaging CentreResearch Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Department of Cognitive ScienceBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary
| | - Karolina Janacsek
- Institute of PsychologyELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
- Brain, Memory and Language Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and PsychologyResearch Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Centre of Thinking and Learning, Institute for Lifecourse Development, School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Education, Health and Human SciencesUniversity of GreenwichLondonUK
| | - Kata Horváth
- Institute of PsychologyELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
- Brain, Memory and Language Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and PsychologyResearch Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Doctoral School of PsychologyELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Dezso Nemeth
- Institute of PsychologyELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
- Brain, Memory and Language Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and PsychologyResearch Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL)Université de LyonLyonFrance
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Rolls ET, Cheng W, Du J, Wei D, Qiu J, Dai D, Zhou Q, Xie P, Feng J. Functional connectivity of the right inferior frontal gyrus and orbitofrontal cortex in depression. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 15:75-86. [PMID: 31993660 PMCID: PMC7171374 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The orbitofrontal cortex extends into the laterally adjacent inferior frontal gyrus. We analyzed how voxel-level functional connectivity of the inferior frontal gyrus and orbitofrontal cortex is related to depression in 282 people with major depressive disorder (125 were unmedicated) and 254 controls, using FDR correction P < 0.05 for pairs of voxels. In the unmedicated group, higher functional connectivity was found of the right inferior frontal gyrus with voxels in the lateral and medial orbitofrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, temporal lobe, angular gyrus, precuneus, hippocampus and frontal gyri. In medicated patients, these functional connectivities were lower and toward those in controls. Functional connectivities between the lateral orbitofrontal cortex and the precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the angular and middle frontal gyri were higher in unmedicated patients, and closer to controls in medicated patients. Medial orbitofrontal cortex voxels had lower functional connectivity with temporal cortex areas, the parahippocampal gyrus and fusiform gyrus, and medication did not result in these being closer to controls. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the orbitofrontal cortex is involved in depression, and can influence mood and behavior via the right inferior frontal gyrus, which projects to premotor cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Wei Cheng. E-mail:
| | - Jingnan Du
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongtao Wei
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Dai
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunjie Zhou
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 402160, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
- School of Mathematical Sciences, School of Life Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
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Increased Global-Brain Functional Connectivity Is Associated with Dyslipidemia and Cognitive Impairment in First-Episode, Drug-Naive Patients with Bipolar Disorder. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:5560453. [PMID: 34194487 PMCID: PMC8203345 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5560453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Previous researches have demonstrated that abnormal functional connectivity (FC) is associated with the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). However, inconsistent results were obtained due to different selections of regions of interest in previous researches. This study is aimed at examining voxel-wise brain-wide functional connectivity (FC) alterations in the first-episode, drug-naive patient with BD in an unbiased way. Methods A total of 35 patients with BD and 37 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Global-brain FC (GFC) was applied to analyze the image data. Support vector machine (SVM) was adopted to probe whether GFC abnormalities could be used to identify the patients from the controls. Results Patients with BD exhibited increased GFC in the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG), pars triangularis and left precuneus (PCu)/superior occipital gyrus (SOG). The left PCu belongs to the default mode network (DMN). Furthermore, increased GFC in the LIFG, pars triangularis was positively correlated with the triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and negatively correlated with the scores of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) coding test and Stroop color. Increased GFC values in the left PCu/SOG can be applied to discriminate patients from controls with preferable sensitivity (80.00%), specificity (75.68%), and accuracy (77.78%). Conclusions This study found increased GFC in the brain regions of DMN; LIFG, pars triangularis; and LSOG, which was associated with dyslipidemia and cognitive impairment in patients with BD. Moreover, increased GFC values in the left PCu/SOG may be utilized as a potential biomarker to differentiate patients with BD from controls.
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Abstract
Communication between cells in the brain relies on different types of transmitter receptors. Can we uncover organizational principles that harness the diversity of such signatures across the brain? We focus on the human cerebral cortex and demonstrate that the distribution of receptors forms a natural axis that stretches from association to sensory areas. Moreover, traversing this axis entails changes in the diversity, excitability, and mirrored density that reflect a basic division in receptor types, that is, ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. The unraveled principles offer explanatory depth for diverse phenomena and entail concrete, testable predictions. Transmitter receptors constitute a key component of the molecular machinery for intercellular communication in the brain. Recent efforts have mapped the density of diverse transmitter receptors across the human cerebral cortex with an unprecedented level of detail. Here, we distill these observations into key organizational principles. We demonstrate that receptor densities form a natural axis in the human cerebral cortex, reflecting decreases in differentiation at the level of laminar organization and a sensory-to-association axis at the functional level. Along this natural axis, key organizational principles are discerned: progressive molecular diversity (increase of the diversity of receptor density); excitation/inhibition (increase of the ratio of excitatory-to-inhibitory receptor density); and mirrored, orderly changes of the density of ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. The uncovered natural axis formed by the distribution of receptors aligns with the axis that is formed by other dimensions of cortical organization, such as the myelo- and cytoarchitectonic levels. Therefore, the uncovered natural axis constitutes a unifying organizational feature linking multiple dimensions of the cerebral cortex, thus bringing order to the heterogeneity of cortical organization.
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41
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Niu M, Rapan L, Funck T, Froudist-Walsh S, Zhao L, Zilles K, Palomero-Gallagher N. Organization of the macaque monkey inferior parietal lobule based on multimodal receptor architectonics. Neuroimage 2021; 231:117843. [PMID: 33577936 PMCID: PMC8188735 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The macaque monkey inferior parietal lobe (IPL) is a structurally heterogeneous brain region, although the number of areas it contains and the anatomical/functional relationship of identified subdivisions remains controversial. Neurotransmitter receptor distribution patterns not only reveal the position of the cortical borders, but also segregate areas associated to different functional systems. Thus we carried out a multimodal quantitative analysis of the cyto- and receptor architecture of the macaque IPL to determine the number and extent of distinct areas it encompasses. We identified four areas on the IPL convexity arranged in a caudo-rostral sequence, as well as two areas in the parietal operculum, which we projected onto the Yerkes19 surface. We found rostral areas to have relatively smaller receptor fingerprints than the caudal ones, which is in an agreement with the functional gradient along the caudo-rostral axis described in previous studies. The hierarchical analysis segregated IPL areas into two clusters: the caudal one, contains areas involved in multisensory integration and visual-motor functions, and rostral cluster, encompasses areas active during motor planning and action-related functions. The results of the present study provide novel insights into clarifying the homologies between human and macaque IPL areas. The ensuing 3D map of the macaque IPL, and the receptor fingerprints are made publicly available to the neuroscientific community via the Human Brain Project and BALSA repositories for future cyto- and/or receptor architectonically driven analyses of functional imaging studies in non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Niu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Lucija Rapan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Funck
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Ling Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; C. & O. Vogt Institute of Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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42
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Chen L, Goucha T, Männel C, Friederici AD, Zaccarella E. Hierarchical syntactic processing is beyond mere associating: Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence from a novel artificial grammar. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:3253-3268. [PMID: 33822433 PMCID: PMC8193521 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Grammar is central to any natural language. In the past decades, the artificial grammar of the AnBn type in which a pair of associated elements can be nested in the other pair was considered as a desirable model to mimic human language syntax without semantic interference. However, such a grammar relies on mere associating mechanisms, thus insufficient to reflect the hierarchical nature of human syntax. Here, we test how the brain imposes syntactic hierarchies according to the category relations on linearized sequences by designing a novel artificial “Hierarchical syntactic structure‐building Grammar” (HG), and compare this to the AnBn grammar as a “Nested associating Grammar” (NG) based on multilevel associations. Thirty‐six healthy German native speakers were randomly assigned to one of the two grammars. Both groups performed a grammaticality judgment task on auditorily presented word sequences generated by the corresponding grammar in the scanner after a successful explicit behavioral learning session. Compared to the NG group, we found that the HG group showed a (a) significantly higher involvement of Brodmann area (BA) 44 in Broca's area and the posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG); and (b) qualitatively distinct connectivity between the two regions. Thus, the present study demonstrates that the build‐up process of syntactic hierarchies on the basis of category relations critically relies on a distinctive left‐hemispheric syntactic network involving BA 44 and pSTG. This indicates that our novel artificial grammar can constitute a suitable experimental tool to investigate syntax‐specific processes in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Chen
- College of Chinese Language and Culture, Beijing Normal University, Beijing.,Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tomás Goucha
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Männel
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Audiology and Phoniatrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela D Friederici
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emiliano Zaccarella
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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43
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Lu J, Zhao Z, Zhang J, Wu B, Zhu Y, Chang EF, Wu J, Duffau H, Berger MS. Functional maps of direct electrical stimulation-induced speech arrest and anomia: a multicentre retrospective study. Brain 2021; 144:2541-2553. [PMID: 33792674 PMCID: PMC8453410 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct electrical stimulation, the transient ‘lesional’ method probing brain function, has been utilized in identifying the language cortex and preserving language function during epilepsy and neuro-oncological surgeries for about a century. However, comparison of functional maps of the language cortex across languages/continents based on cortical stimulation remains unclear. We conducted a retrospective multicentre study including four cohorts of direct electrical stimulation mapping from four centres across three continents, where three indigenous languages (English, French and Mandarin) are spoken. All subjects performed the two most common language tasks: number counting and picture naming during stimulation. All language sites were recorded and normalized to the same brain template. Next, Spearman’s correlation analysis was performed to explore the consistency of the distributions of the language cortex across centres, a kernel density estimation to localize the peak coordinates, and a hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to detect the crucial epicenters. A total of 598 subjects with 917 speech arrest sites (complete interruption of ongoing counting) and 423 anomia sites (inability to name or misnaming) were included. Different centres presented highly consistent distribution patterns for speech arrest (Spearman’s coefficient r ranged from 0.60 to 0.85, all pair-wise correlations P < 0.05), and similar patterns for anomia (Spearman’s coefficient r ranged from 0.37 to 0.80). The combinational speech arrest map was divided into four clusters: cluster 1 mainly located in the ventral precentral gyrus and pars opercularis, which contained the peak of speech arrest in the ventral precentral gyrus; cluster 2 in the ventral and dorsal precentral gyrus; cluster 3 in the supplementary motor area; cluster 4 in the posterior superior temporal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus. The anomia map revealed two clusters: one was in the posterior part of the superior and middle temporal gyri, which peaked at the posterior superior temporal gyrus; and the other within the inferior frontal gyrus, peaked at the pars triangularis. This study constitutes the largest series to date of language maps generated from direct electrical stimulation mapping. The consistency of data provides evidence for common language networks across languages, in the context of both speech and naming circuit. Our results not only clinically offer an atlas for language mapping and protection, but also scientifically provide better insight into the functional organization of language networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Lu
- Glioma Surgery Division, Neurologic Surgery Department, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China.,Brain Function Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehao Zhao
- Glioma Surgery Division, Neurologic Surgery Department, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Brain Function Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Glioma Surgery Division, Neurologic Surgery Department, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Brain Function Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Brain Function Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanming Zhu
- Brain Function Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Edward F Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Glioma Surgery Division, Neurologic Surgery Department, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China.,Brain Function Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai, China
| | - Hugues Duffau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Mitchel S Berger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Borra E, Luppino G. Comparative anatomy of the macaque and the human frontal oculomotor domain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 126:43-56. [PMID: 33737106 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In non-human primates, at the junction of the prefrontal with the premotor cortex, there is a sector designated as frontal eye field (FEF), involved in controlling oculomotor behavior and spatial attention. Evidence for at least two FEFs in humans is at the basis of the still open issue of the possible homologies between the macaque and the human frontal oculomotor system. In this review article we address this issue suggesting a new view solidly grounded on evidence from the last decade showing that, in macaques, the FEF is at the core of an oculomotor domain in which several distinct areas, including areas 45A and 45B, provide the substrate for parallel processing of different aspects of oculomotor behavior. Based on comparative considerations, we will propose a correspondence between some of the macaque and the human oculomotor fields, thus suggesting sharing of neural substrate for oculomotor control, gaze processing, and orienting attention in space. Accordingly, this article could contribute to settle some aspects of the so-called "enigma" of the human FEF anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Borra
- University of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Neuroscience Unit, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Luppino
- University of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Neuroscience Unit, Italy
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45
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Adjunctive Approaches to Aphasia Rehabilitation: A Review on Efficacy and Safety. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11010041. [PMID: 33401678 PMCID: PMC7823462 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aphasia is one of the most socially disabling post-stroke deficits. Although traditional therapies have been shown to induce adequate clinical improvement, aphasic symptoms often persist. Therefore, unconventional rehabilitation techniques which act as a substitute or as an adjunct to traditional approaches are urgently needed. The present review provides an overview of the efficacy and safety of the principal approaches which have been proposed over the last twenty years. First, we examined the effectiveness of the pharmacological approach, principally used as an adjunct to language therapy, reporting the mechanism of action of each single drug for the recovery of aphasia. Results are conflicting but promising. Secondly, we discussed the application of Virtual Reality (VR) which has been proven to be useful since it potentiates the ecological validity of the language therapy by using virtual contexts which simulate real-life everyday contexts. Finally, we focused on the use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), both discussing its applications at the cortical level and highlighting a new perspective, which considers the possibility to extend the use of tDCS over the motor regions. Although the review reveals an extraordinary variability among the different studies, substantial agreement has been reached on some general principles, such as the necessity to consider tDCS only as an adjunct to traditional language therapy.
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Abstract
Human brain atlases have been evolving tremendously, propelled recently by brain big projects, and driven by sophisticated imaging techniques, advanced brain mapping methods, vast data, analytical strategies, and powerful computing. We overview here this evolution in four categories: content, applications, functionality, and availability, in contrast to other works limited mostly to content. Four atlas generations are distinguished: early cortical maps, print stereotactic atlases, early digital atlases, and advanced brain atlas platforms, and 5 avenues in electronic atlases spanning the last two generations. Content-wise, new electronic atlases are categorized into eight groups considering their scope, parcellation, modality, plurality, scale, ethnicity, abnormality, and a mixture of them. Atlas content developments in these groups are heading in 23 various directions. Application-wise, we overview atlases in neuroeducation, research, and clinics, including stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, neuroradiology, neurology, and stroke. Functionality-wise, tools and functionalities are addressed for atlas creation, navigation, individualization, enabling operations, and application-specific. Availability is discussed in media and platforms, ranging from mobile solutions to leading-edge supercomputers, with three accessibility levels. The major application-wise shift has been from research to clinical practice, particularly in stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, although clinical applications are still lagging behind the atlas content progress. Atlas functionality also has been relatively neglected until recently, as the management of brain data explosion requires powerful tools. We suggest that the future human brain atlas-related research and development activities shall be founded on and benefit from a standard framework containing the core virtual brain model cum the brain atlas platform general architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieslaw L Nowinski
- John Paul II Center for Virtual Anatomy and Surgical Simulation, University of Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski, Woycickiego 1/3, Block 12, room 1220, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland.
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Zaccarella E, Papitto G, Friederici AD. Language and action in Broca's area: Computational differentiation and cortical segregation. Brain Cogn 2020; 147:105651. [PMID: 33254030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Actions have been proposed to follow hierarchical principles similar to those hypothesized for language syntax. These structural similarities are claimed to be reflected in the common involvement of certain neural populations of Broca's area, in the Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG). In this position paper, we follow an influential hypothesis in linguistic theory to introduce the syntactic operation Merge and the corresponding motor/conceptual interfaces. We argue that actions hierarchies do not follow the same principles ruling language syntax. We propose that hierarchy in the action domain lies in predictive processing mechanisms mapping sensory inputs and statistical regularities of action-goal relationships. At the cortical level, distinct Broca's subregions appear to support different types of computations across the two domains. We argue that anterior BA44 is a major hub for the implementation of the syntactic operation Merge. On the other hand, posterior BA44 is recruited in selecting premotor mental representations based on the information provided by contextual signals. This functional distinction is corroborated by a recent meta-analysis (Papitto, Friederici, & Zaccarella, 2020). We conclude by suggesting that action and language can meet only where the interfaces transfer abstract computations either to the external world or to the internal mental world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Zaccarella
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Neuropsychology, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Giorgio Papitto
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Neuropsychology, Leipzig, Germany; International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angela D Friederici
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Neuropsychology, Leipzig, Germany
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48
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Trettenbrein PC, Papitto G, Friederici AD, Zaccarella E. Functional neuroanatomy of language without speech: An ALE meta-analysis of sign language. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 42:699-712. [PMID: 33118302 PMCID: PMC7814757 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sign language (SL) conveys linguistic information using gestures instead of sounds. Here, we apply a meta‐analytic estimation approach to neuroimaging studies (N = 23; subjects = 316) and ask whether SL comprehension in deaf signers relies on the same primarily left‐hemispheric cortical network implicated in spoken and written language (SWL) comprehension in hearing speakers. We show that: (a) SL recruits bilateral fronto‐temporo‐occipital regions with strong left‐lateralization in the posterior inferior frontal gyrus known as Broca's area, mirroring functional asymmetries observed for SWL. (b) Within this SL network, Broca's area constitutes a hub which attributes abstract linguistic information to gestures. (c) SL‐specific voxels in Broca's area are also crucially involved in SWL, as confirmed by meta‐analytic connectivity modeling using an independent large‐scale neuroimaging database. This strongly suggests that the human brain evolved a lateralized language network with a supramodal hub in Broca's area which computes linguistic information independent of speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Trettenbrein
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Structure, Function, and Plasticity (IMPRS NeuroCom), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Giorgio Papitto
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Structure, Function, and Plasticity (IMPRS NeuroCom), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angela D Friederici
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emiliano Zaccarella
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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Iwabuchi T, Makuuchi M. When a sentence loses semantics: Selective involvement of a left anterior temporal subregion in semantic processing. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:929-942. [PMID: 33103315 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the left anterior temporal lobe (ATL) has been associated with semantic processing, the role of this region in syntactic structure building of sentences remains a subject of debate. Functional neuroimaging studies contrasting well-formed sentences with word lists lacking syntactic structure have produced mixed results. The current functional magnetic resonance imaging study examined whether the left ATL is selectively involved in semantic processing or also plays a role in syntactic structure building by manipulating syntactic complexity and meaningfulness in a novel way. To deprive semantic/pragmatic information from a sentence, we replaced all content words with pronounceable meaningless placeholders. We conducted an experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial design with factors of SEMANTICS (natural sentences [NAT]; sentences with placeholders [SPH]) and SYNTAX (the basic Japanese Subject-Object-Verb [SOV] word order; a changed Object-Subject-Verb [OSV] word order). A main effect of SEMANTICS (NAT > SPH) was found in the left ATL, as well as in the ventral occipitotemporal regions. The opposite contrast (SPH > NAT) revealed activation in the dorsal regions encompassing Brodmann area 44, the premotor area, and the parietal cortex in the left hemisphere. We found no main effect of SYNTAX (OSV > SOV) in a subregion of the left ATL that was more responsive to natural sentences than meaningless sentences. These results indicate selective involvement of a subregion of the left ATL in semantic/pragmatic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Iwabuchi
- Section of Neuropsychology, Research Institute of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Michiru Makuuchi
- Section of Neuropsychology, Research Institute of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Oh S, Chung J, Baek S, Park YJ. Postoperative expressive aphasia associated with intravenous midazolam administration: a 5-year retrospective case-control study. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520948751. [PMID: 32851907 PMCID: PMC7457656 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520948751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of intravenous midazolam-induced postoperative expressive aphasia (EA). Methods The incidence rate, risk ratio, and contributing factors to intravenous midazolam-induced postoperative EA were analyzed retrospectively in 6756 orthopedic patients. A telephone interview was conducted with patients with EA after surgery. Results Patients were allocated to either the midazolam group (n = 6178) or no-midazolam group (n = 578). Twelve patients developed EA in the midazolam group, with an incidence of 0.19%, and no patient developed EA in the no-midazolam group. The mean age of EA patients was 70 years, and 92% were women. Among them, 75% received general anesthesia, and the mean dose of midazolam was 1.8 mg. EA was reversed in nine of 12 (75%) patients within 4 minutes of flumazenil administration, and >60 minutes were required to reverse EA in the other three patients (25%). Conclusion Intravenous midazolam administration for preoperative sedation caused transient EA in 0.19% of patients, especially elderly women who received general anesthesia, and EA could be reversed by flumazenil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saecheol Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyun Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sujin Baek
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo Jung Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Saint Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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