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Duan X, Peng X, Jia X, Tan S, Guo H, Tan J, Hu Z. CELF2 Deficiency Demonstrates Autism-Like Behaviors and Interferes with Late Development of Cortical Neurons in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04250-0. [PMID: 38829512 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
CELF2 variants have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We generated Celf2 Nestin-Cre knockout mice.Our findings revealed that Celf2 Nestin-Cre heterozygous knockout mice exhibited social impairment and anxiety, an autism-like behavior, though no manifestations of repetitive stereotyped behavior, learning cognitive impairment, or depression were observed. Immunofluorescence assay showed an underdeveloped cerebral cortex with significantly reduced cortical thickness, albeit without abnormal cell density. Further in vitro neuronal culture demonstrated a significant reduction in dendritic spine density and affected synaptic maturation in Celf2 deficient mice, with no notable abnormalities in total neurite and axon length. RNA-seq and RIP-seq analysis of the cerebral cortex revealed differentially expressed genes post Celf2 gene knockout compared with the control group. Enrichment analysis highlighted significant enrichment in dendrite and synapse-related biological processes and pathways. Our study delineated the behavioral and neurodevelopmental phenotypes of Celf2, suggesting its potential involvement in autism through the regulation of target genes associated with dendritic spines and synapse development. Further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Duan
- Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xiaoxia Peng
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangbin Jia
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Senwei Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhangxue Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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2
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Chang H, Chen H, Ma T, Ma K, Li Y, Suo L, Liang X, Jia K, Ma J, Li J, Sun D. Multi-omics pan-cancer study of SPTBN2 and its value as a potential therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9764. [PMID: 38684762 PMCID: PMC11059406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60780-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
SPTBN2 is a protein-coding gene that is closely related to the development of malignant tumors. However, its prognostic value and biological function in pan-cancer, especially pancreatic cancer (PAAD), have not been reported. In the present study, a novel exploration of the value and potential mechanism of SPTBN2 in PAAD was conducted using multi-omics in the background of pan-cancer. Via various database analysis, up-regulated expression of SPTBN2 was detected in most of the tumor tissues examined. Overexpression of SPTBN2 in PAAD and kidney renal clear cell cancer patients potentially affected overall survival, disease-specific survival, and progression-free interval. In PAAD, SPTBN2 can be used as an independent factor affecting prognosis. Mutations and amplification of SPTBN2 were detected, with abnormal methylation of SPTBN2 affecting its expression and the survival outcome of PAAD patients. Immunoassay results demonstrate that SPTBN2 was a potential biomarker for predicting therapeutic response in PAAD, and may influence the immunotherapy efficacy of PAAD by regulating levels of CD8 + T cells and neutrophil infiltration. Results from an enrichment analysis indicated that SPTBN2 may regulate the development of PAAD via immune pathways. Thus, SPTBN2 is a potential prognostic biomarker and immunotherapy target based on its crucial role in the development of PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Chang
- Division of Cholelithiasis Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Taiheng Ma
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Kexin Ma
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Yi Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Lida Suo
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Xiangnan Liang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Kunyu Jia
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Jiahong Ma
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Jing Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Deguang Sun
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116021, China.
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Pilotto F, Del Bondio A, Puccio H. Hereditary Ataxias: From Bench to Clinic, Where Do We Stand? Cells 2024; 13:319. [PMID: 38391932 PMCID: PMC10886822 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxias are a wide heterogeneous group of movement disorders. Within this broad umbrella of diseases, there are both genetics and sporadic forms. The clinical presentation of these conditions can exhibit a diverse range of symptoms across different age groups, spanning from pure cerebellar manifestations to sensory ataxia and multisystemic diseases. Over the last few decades, advancements in our understanding of genetics and molecular pathophysiology related to both dominant and recessive ataxias have propelled the field forward, paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing and arresting the progression of these diseases. Nevertheless, the rarity of certain forms of ataxia continues to pose challenges, leading to limited insights into the etiology of the disease and the identification of target pathways. Additionally, the lack of suitable models hampers efforts to comprehensively understand the molecular foundations of disease's pathophysiology and test novel therapeutic interventions. In the following review, we describe the epidemiology, symptomatology, and pathological progression of hereditary ataxia, including both the prevalent and less common forms of these diseases. Furthermore, we illustrate the diverse molecular pathways and therapeutic approaches currently undergoing investigation in both pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. Finally, we address the existing and anticipated challenges within this field, encompassing both basic research and clinical endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pilotto
- Institut Neuromyogène, Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, Inserm U1315, CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 UMR5261, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Andrea Del Bondio
- Institut Neuromyogène, Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, Inserm U1315, CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 UMR5261, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Puccio
- Institut Neuromyogène, Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, Inserm U1315, CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 UMR5261, 69008 Lyon, France
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Li Q, Liu H, Li L, Guo H, Xie Z, Kong X, Xu J, Zhang J, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Liu J, Xuan A. Mettl1-mediated internal m 7G methylation of Sptbn2 mRNA elicits neurogenesis and anti-alzheimer's disease. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:183. [PMID: 37779199 PMCID: PMC10544167 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N7-methylguanosine (m7G) is one of the most conserved modifications in nucleosides impacting mRNA export, splicing, and translation. However, the precise function and molecular mechanism of internal mRNA m7G methylation in adult hippocampal neurogenesis and neurogenesis-related Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unknown. RESULTS We profiled the dynamic Mettl1/Wdr4 expressions and m7G modification during neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro and in vivo. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and its molecular mechanisms were examined by morphology, biochemical methods and biological sequencing. The translation efficiency of mRNA was detected by polysome profiling. The stability of Sptbn2 mRNA was constructed by RNA stability assay. APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) double transgenic mice were used as model of AD. Morris water maze was used to detect the cognitive function. METHODS We found that m7G methyltransferase complex Mettl1/Wdr4 as well as m7G was significantly elevated in neurons. Functionally, silencing Mettl1 in neural stem cells (NSCs) markedly decreased m7G modification, neuronal genesis and proliferation in addition to increasing gliogenesis, while forced expression of Mettl1 facilitated neuronal differentiation and proliferation. Mechanistically, the m7G modification of Sptbn2 mRNA by Mettl1 enhanced its stability and translation, which promoted neurogenesis. Importantly, genetic defciency of Mettl1 reduced hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial memory in the adult mice. Furthermore, Mettl1 overexpression in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice rescued neurogenesis and behavioral defects. CONCLUSION Our findings unravel the pivotal role of internal mRNA m7G modification in Sptbn2-mediated neurogenesis, and highlight Mettl3 regulation of neurogenesis as a novel therapeutic target in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Lishi Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Haomin Guo
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Zhihao Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, First Clinical School, School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xuejian Kong
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Jiamin Xu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Junlin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, First Clinical School, School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yunxia Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, First Clinical School, School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zhongsheng Zhang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Aiguo Xuan
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China.
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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5
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Atang AE, Keller AR, Denha SA, Avery AW. Increased Actin Binding Is a Shared Molecular Consequence of Numerous SCA5 Mutations in β-III-Spectrin. Cells 2023; 12:2100. [PMID: 37626910 PMCID: PMC10453832 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (SCA5) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the SPTBN2 gene encoding the cytoskeletal protein β-III-spectrin. Previously, we demonstrated that a L253P missense mutation, localizing to the β-III-spectrin actin-binding domain (ABD), causes increased actin-binding affinity. Here we investigate the molecular consequences of nine additional ABD-localized, SCA5 missense mutations: V58M, K61E, T62I, K65E, F160C, D255G, T271I, Y272H, and H278R. We show that all of the mutations, similar to L253P, are positioned at or near the interface of the two calponin homology subdomains (CH1 and CH2) comprising the ABD. Using biochemical and biophysical approaches, we demonstrate that the mutant ABD proteins can attain a well-folded state. However, thermal denaturation studies show that all nine mutations are destabilizing, suggesting a structural disruption at the CH1-CH2 interface. Importantly, all nine mutations cause increased actin binding. The mutant actin-binding affinities vary greatly, and none of the nine mutations increase actin-binding affinity as much as L253P. ABD mutations causing high-affinity actin binding, with the notable exception of L253P, appear to be associated with an early age of symptom onset. Altogether, the data indicate that increased actin-binding affinity is a shared molecular consequence of numerous SCA5 mutations, which has important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adam W. Avery
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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6
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Chen GR, Zhang YB, Zheng SF, Xu YW, Lin P, Shang-Guan HC, Lin YX, Kang DZ, Yao PS. Decreased SPTBN2 expression regulated by the ceRNA network is associated with poor prognosis and immune infiltration in low‑grade glioma. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:253. [PMID: 37153896 PMCID: PMC10161196 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of low-grade gliomas (LGGs) in adults invariably progress to glioblastoma over time. Spectrin β non-erythrocytic 2 (SPTBN2) is detected in numerous tumors and is involved in tumor occurrence and metastasis. However, the specific roles and detailed mechanisms of SPTBN2 in LGG are largely unknown. The present study performed pan-cancer analysis for the expression and prognosis of SPTBN2 in LGG using The Cancer Genome Atlas and The Genotype-Tissue Expression. Western blotting was used to detect the amount of SPTBN2 between glioma tissues and normal brain tissues. Subsequently, based on expression, prognosis, correlation and immune infiltration, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were identified that regulated SPTBN2 expression. Finally, tumor immune infiltrates associated with SPTBN2 and prognosis were performed. Lower expression of SPTBN2 was correlated with an unfavorable outcome in LGG. A significant correlation between the low SPTBN2 mRNA expression and poor clinicopathological features was observed, including wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase status (P<0.001), 1p/19q non-codeletion (P<0.001) and elders (P=0.019). The western blotting results revealed that, compared with normal brain tissues, the amount of SPTBN2 was significantly lower in LGG tissues (P=0.0266). Higher expression of five microRNAs (miRs/miRNAs), including hsa-miR-15a-5p, hsa-miR-15b-5p, hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-34c-5p and hsa-miR-424-5p, correlated with poor prognosis by targeting SPTBN2 in LGG. Subsequently, four long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) [ARMCX5-GPRASP2, BASP1-antisense RNA 1 (AS1), EPB41L4A-AS1 and LINC00641] were observed in the regulation of SPTBN2 via five miRNAs. Moreover, the expression of SPTBN2 was significantly correlated with tumor immune infiltration, immune checkpoint expression and biomarkers of immune cells. In conclusion, SPTBN2 was lowly expressed and correlated with an unfavorable prognosis in LGG. A total of six miRNAs and four lncRNAs were identified as being able to modulate SPTBN2 in a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network of LGG. Furthermore, the current findings also indicated that SPTBN2 possessed anti-tumor roles by regulating tumor immune infiltration and immune checkpoint expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Rong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350212, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Bin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350212, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Fa Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350212, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Wen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350212, P.R. China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Huang-Cheng Shang-Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350212, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Xiang Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - De-Zhi Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350212, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Institutes of Brain Disorders and Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor De-Zhi Kang or Dr Pei-Sen Yao, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Sen Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350212, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor De-Zhi Kang or Dr Pei-Sen Yao, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
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Atang AE, Keller AR, Denha SA, Avery AW. Increased actin binding is a shared molecular consequence of numerous spinocerebellar ataxia mutations in β-III-spectrin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.20.529285. [PMID: 36865188 PMCID: PMC9980045 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.20.529285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (SCA5) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the SPTBN2 gene encoding the cytoskeletal protein β-III-spectrin. Previously, we demonstrated that a L253P missense mutation, localizing to the β-III-spectrin actin-binding domain (ABD), causes increased actin-binding affinity. Here we investigate the molecular consequences of nine additional ABD-localized, SCA5 missense mutations: V58M, K61E, T62I, K65E, F160C, D255G, T271I, Y272H, and H278R. We show that all of the mutations, similar to L253P, are positioned at or near the interface of the two calponin homology subdomains (CH1 and CH2) comprising the ABD. Using biochemical and biophysical approaches, we demonstrate that the mutant ABD proteins can attain a well-folded state. However, thermal denaturation studies show that all nine mutations are destabilizing, suggesting a structural disruption at the CH1-CH2 interface. Importantly, all nine mutations cause increased actin binding. The mutant actin-binding affinities vary greatly, and none of the nine mutations increase actin-binding affinity as much as L253P. ABD mutations causing high-affinity actin binding, with the notable exception of L253P, appear to be associated with early age of symptom onset. Altogether, the data indicate increased actin-binding affinity is a shared molecular consequence of numerous SCA5 mutations, which has important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda R. Keller
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Sarah A. Denha
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Adam W. Avery
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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8
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Lorenzo DN, Edwards RJ, Slavutsky AL. Spectrins: molecular organizers and targets of neurological disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:195-212. [PMID: 36697767 PMCID: PMC10598481 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Spectrins are cytoskeletal proteins that are expressed ubiquitously in the mammalian nervous system. Pathogenic variants in SPTAN1, SPTBN1, SPTBN2 and SPTBN4, four of the six genes encoding neuronal spectrins, cause neurological disorders. Despite their structural similarity and shared role as molecular organizers at the cell membrane, spectrins vary in expression, subcellular localization and specialization in neurons, and this variation partly underlies non-overlapping disease presentations across spectrinopathies. Here, we summarize recent progress in discerning the local and long-range organization and diverse functions of neuronal spectrins. We provide an overview of functional studies using mouse models, which, together with growing human genetic and clinical data, are helping to illuminate the aetiology of neurological spectrinopathies. These approaches are all critical on the path to plausible therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damaris N Lorenzo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Reginald J Edwards
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anastasia L Slavutsky
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abstract
This narrative review aims at providing an update on the management of inherited cerebellar ataxias (ICAs), describing main clinical entities, genetic analysis strategies and recent therapeutic developments. Initial approach facing a patient with cerebellar ataxia requires family medical history, physical examination, exclusions of acquired causes and genetic analysis, including Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). To guide diagnosis, several algorithms and a new genetic nomenclature for recessive cerebellar ataxias have been proposed. The challenge of NGS analysis is the identification of causative variant, trio analysis being usually the most appropriate option. Public genomic databases as well as pathogenicity prediction software facilitate the interpretation of NGS results. We also report on key clinical points for the diagnosis of the main ICAs, including Friedreich ataxia, CANVAS, polyglutamine spinocerebellar ataxias, Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. Rarer forms should not be neglected because of diagnostic biomarkers availability, disease-modifying treatments, or associated susceptibility to malignancy. Diagnostic difficulties arise from allelic and phenotypic heterogeneity as well as from the possibility for one gene to be associated with both dominant and recessive inheritance. To complicate the phenotype, cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome can be associated with some subtypes of cerebellar ataxia. Lastly, we describe new therapeutic leads: antisense oligonucleotides approach in polyglutamine SCAs and viral gene therapy in Friedreich ataxia. This review provides support for diagnosis, genetic counseling and therapeutic management of ICAs in clinical practice.
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10
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Younger DS. Neurogenetic motor disorders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 195:183-250. [PMID: 37562870 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98818-6.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the field of neurogenetics have practical applications in rapid diagnosis on blood and body fluids to extract DNA, obviating the need for invasive investigations. The ability to obtain a presymptomatic diagnosis through genetic screening and biomarkers can be a guide to life-saving disease-modifying therapy or enzyme replacement therapy to compensate for the deficient disease-causing enzyme. The benefits of a comprehensive neurogenetic evaluation extend to family members in whom identification of the causal gene defect ensures carrier detection and at-risk counseling for future generations. This chapter explores the many facets of the neurogenetic evaluation in adult and pediatric motor disorders as a primer for later chapters in this volume and a roadmap for the future applications of genetics in neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Younger
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Neuroscience, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine and Neurology, White Plains Hospital, White Plains, NY, United States.
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Beijer D, Züchner SL. Commentary: SPTBN5, encoding the βV-spectrin protein, leads to a syndrome of intellectual disability, developmental delay, and seizures. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1011856. [PMID: 36117916 PMCID: PMC9478934 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1011856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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12
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Bernal MA, Yule DL, Stott W, Evrard L, Dowling TE, Krabbenhoft TJ. Concordant patterns of morphological, stable isotope, and genetic variation in a recent ecological radiation (Salmonidae: Coregonus spp.). Mol Ecol 2022; 31:4495-4509. [PMID: 35785504 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Groups of sympatric taxa with low inter-specific genetic differentiation, but considerable ecological differences, offer great opportunities to study the dynamics of divergence and speciation. This is the case of ciscoes (Coregonus spp.) in the Laurentian Great Lakes, which are characterized by a complex evolutionary history and are commonly described as having undergone an adaptive radiation. In this study, morphometrics, stable isotopes and transcriptome sequencing were used to study the relationships within the Coregonus artedi complex in western Lake Superior. We observed general concordance for morphological, ecological and genomic variation, but the latter was more taxonomically informative as it showed less overlap among species in multivariate space. Low levels of genetic differentiation were observed between individuals morphologically identified as C. hoyi and C. zenithicus, which could be evidence of incomplete lineage sorting or recent hybridization between the two groups. Transcriptome-based single nucleotide polymorphisms exhibited significant divergence for genes associated with vision, development, metabolism and immunity among species that occupy different habitats. This study highlights the importance of using an integrative approach when studying groups of taxa with a complex evolutionary history, as individual-level analyses of multiple independent datasets can provide a clearer picture of the patterns and processes associated with the origins of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés A Bernal
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States of America.,Department of Biological Sciences and RENEW Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States of America
| | - Daniel L Yule
- U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center - Lake Superior Biological Station, 2800 Lake Shore Drive E., Ashland, WI 54806, United States of America
| | - Wendylee Stott
- Michigan State University CESU working for U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, 1451 Green Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105-2807, United States of America
| | - Lori Evrard
- U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center - Lake Superior Biological Station, 2800 Lake Shore Drive E., Ashland, WI 54806, United States of America
| | - Thomas E Dowling
- Wayne State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States of America
| | - Trevor J Krabbenhoft
- Department of Biological Sciences and RENEW Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States of America
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13
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Li S, Liu T, Li K, Bai X, Xi K, Chai X, Mi L, Li J. Spectrins and human diseases. Transl Res 2022; 243:78-88. [PMID: 34979321 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Spectrin, as one of the major components of a plasma membrane-associated cytoskeleton, is a cytoskeletal protein composed of the modular structure of α and β subunits. The spectrin-based skeleton is essential for preserving the integrity and mechanical characteristics of the cell membrane. Moreover, spectrin regulates a variety of cell processes including cell apoptosis, cell adhesion, cell spreading, and cell cycle. Dysfunction of spectrins is implicated in various human diseases including hemolytic anemia, neurodegenerative diseases, ataxia, heart diseases, and cancers. Here, we briefly discuss spectrins function as well as the clinical manifestations and currently known molecular mechanisms of human diseases related to spectrins, highlighting that strategies for targeting regulation of spectrins function may provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China
| | - Ting Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China
| | - Kejing Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China
| | - Xinyi Bai
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China
| | - Kewang Xi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaojing Chai
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu, China
| | - Leyuan Mi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China; Clinical Laboratory Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Juan Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Genetic Study of Hematopathy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu, China; Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu, China.
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14
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Stevens SR, van der Heijden ME, Ogawa Y, Lin T, Sillitoe RV, Rasband MN. Ankyrin-R Links Kv3.3 to the Spectrin Cytoskeleton and Is Required for Purkinje Neuron Survival. J Neurosci 2022; 42:2-15. [PMID: 34785580 PMCID: PMC8741159 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1132-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankyrin scaffolding proteins are critical for membrane domain organization and protein stabilization in many different cell types including neurons. In the cerebellum, Ankyrin-R (AnkR) is highly enriched in Purkinje neurons, granule cells, and in the cerebellar nuclei (CN). Using male and female mice with a floxed allele for Ank1 in combination with Nestin-Cre and Pcp2-Cre mice, we found that ablation of AnkR from Purkinje neurons caused ataxia, regional and progressive neurodegeneration, and altered cerebellar output. We show that AnkR interacts with the cytoskeletal protein β3 spectrin and the potassium channel Kv3.3. Loss of AnkR reduced somatic membrane levels of β3 spectrin and Kv3.3 in Purkinje neurons. Thus, AnkR links Kv3.3 channels to the β3 spectrin-based cytoskeleton. Our results may help explain why mutations in β3 spectrin and Kv3.3 both cause spinocerebellar ataxia.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Ankyrin scaffolding proteins localize and stabilize ion channels in the membrane by linking them to the spectrin-based cytoskeleton. Here, we show that Ankyrin-R (AnkR) links Kv3.3 K+ channels to the β3 spectrin-based cytoskeleton in Purkinje neurons. Loss of AnkR causes Purkinje neuron degeneration, altered cerebellar physiology, and ataxia, which is consistent with mutations in Kv3.3 and β3 spectrin causing spinocerebellar ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R Stevens
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | | | - Yuki Ogawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Tao Lin
- Department Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Roy V Sillitoe
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Matthew N Rasband
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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15
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SPTBN2 regulated by miR-424-5p promotes endometrial cancer progression via CLDN4/PI3K/AKT axis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:382. [PMID: 34887379 PMCID: PMC8660803 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00776-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer (EEC) is the main subtype of endometrial cancer. In our study, we demonstrated that SPTBN2 was significantly overexpressed in EEC tissues. Upregulated SPTBN2 expression was positively associated with poor prognosis. In addition, we testified that SPTBN2 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of EEC cells. Moreover, we found SPTBN2 could interact with CLDN4 to promote endometrial cancer metastasis via PI3K/AKT pathway. Then we further demonstrated that CLDN4 is upregulated in EEC and promotes EEC metastasis. CLDN4 overexpression could partially reversed the decrease in cell migration and invasion caused by SPTBN2 downregulation. In addition, we confirmed that SPTBN2 was a target of miR-424-5p, which plays a tumor suppressor in endometrial cancer. Rescue experiments showed that inhibition of SPTBN2 could partially reverse the effect of miR-424-5p in EEC. In conclusion, we demonstrated that by acting as a significant target of miR-424-5p, SPTBN2 could interact with CLDN4 to promote endometrial cancer metastasis via PI3K/AKT pathway in EEC. Our study revealed the prognostic and metastatic effects of SPTBN2 in EEC, suggesting that SPTBN2 could serve as a prognostic biomarker and a target for metastasis therapy.
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16
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Chen HY, Hsu CL, Lin HY, Lin YF, Tsai SF, Ho YJ, Li YR, Tsai JW, Teng SC, Lin CH. Clinical and functional characterization of a novel STUB1 frameshift mutation in autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia type 48 (SCA48). J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:65. [PMID: 34565360 PMCID: PMC8466936 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00763-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterozygous pathogenic variants in STUB1 are implicated in autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia type 48 (SCA48), which is a rare familial ataxia disorder. We investigated the clinical, genetic and functional characteristics of STUB1 mutations identified from a Taiwanese ataxia cohort. METHODS We performed whole genome sequencing in a genetically undiagnosed family with an autosomal dominant ataxia syndrome. Further Sanger sequencing of all exons and intron-exon boundary junctions of STUB1 in 249 unrelated patients with cerebellar ataxia was performed. The pathogenicity of the identified novel STUB1 variant was investigated. RESULTS We identified a novel heterozygous frameshift variant, c.832del (p.Glu278fs), in STUB1 in two patients from the same family. This rare mutation is located in the U-box of the carboxyl terminus of the Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) protein, which is encoded by STUB1. Further in vitro experiments demonstrated that this novel heterozygous STUB1 frameshift variant impairs the CHIP protein's activity and its interaction with the E2 ubiquitin ligase, UbE2D1, leading to neuronal accumulation of tau and α-synuclein, caspase-3 activation, and promoting cellular apoptosis through a dominant-negative pathogenic effect. The in vivo study revealed the influence of the CHIP expression level on the differentiation and migration of cerebellar granule neuron progenitors during cerebellar development. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide clinical, genetic, and a mechanistic insight linking the novel heterozygous STUB1 frameshift mutation at the highly conserved U-box domain of CHIP as the cause of autosomal dominant SCA48. Our results further stress the importance of CHIP activity in neuronal protein homeostasis and cerebellar functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Yun Chen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lang Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yi Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Number 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Feng Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Ho
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Ye-Ru Li
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Wu Tsai
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Teng
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan. .,Center of Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Number 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
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17
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Mangold K, Mašek J, He J, Lendahl U, Fuchs E, Andersson ER. Highly efficient manipulation of nervous system gene expression with NEPTUNE. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2021; 1:100043. [PMID: 34557863 PMCID: PMC8457050 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Genetic loss and gain of function in mice have typically been studied by using knockout or knockin mice that take months to years to generate. To address this problem for the nervous system, we developed NEPTUNE (NEural Plate Targeting by in Utero NanoinjEction) to rapidly and flexibly transduce the neural plate with virus prior to neurulation, and thus manipulate the future nervous system. Stable integration in >95% of cells in the brain enabled long-term overexpression, and conditional expression was achieved by using cell-type-specific MiniPromoters. Knockdown of Olig2 by using NEPTUNE recapitulated the phenotype of Olig2 -/- embryos. We used NEPTUNE to investigate Sptbn2, mutations in which cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 5. Sptbn2 knockdown induced dose-dependent defects in the neural tube, embryonic turning, and abdominal wall closure, previously unreported functions for Sptbn2. NEPTUNE thus offers a rapid and cost-effective technique to test gene function in the nervous system and can reveal phenotypes incompatible with life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Mangold
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Jan Mašek
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14183, Sweden
| | - Jingyan He
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Emma R. Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14183, Sweden
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18
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Benkirane M, Marelli C, Guissart C, Roubertie A, Ollagnon E, Choumert A, Fluchère F, Magne FO, Halleb Y, Renaud M, Larrieu L, Baux D, Patat O, Bousquet I, Ravel JM, Cuntz-Shadfar D, Sarret C, Ayrignac X, Rolland A, Morales R, Pointaux M, Lieutard-Haag C, Laurens B, Tillikete C, Bernard E, Mallaret M, Carra-Dallière C, Tranchant C, Meyer P, Damaj L, Pasquier L, Acquaviva C, Chaussenot A, Isidor B, Nguyen K, Camu W, Eusebio A, Carrière N, Riquet A, Thouvenot E, Gonzales V, Carme E, Attarian S, Odent S, Castrioto A, Ewenczyk C, Charles P, Kremer L, Sissaoui S, Bahi-Buisson N, Kaphan E, Degardin A, Doray B, Julia S, Remerand G, Fraix V, Haidar LA, Lazaro L, Laugel V, Villega F, Charlin C, Frismand S, Moreira MC, Witjas T, Francannet C, Walther-Louvier U, Fradin M, Chabrol B, Fluss J, Bieth E, Castelnovo G, Vergnet S, Meunier I, Verloes A, Brischoux-Boucher E, Coubes C, Geneviève D, Lebouc N, Azulay JP, Anheim M, Goizet C, Rivier F, Labauge P, Calvas P, Koenig M. High rate of hypomorphic variants as the cause of inherited ataxia and related diseases: study of a cohort of 366 families. Genet Med 2021; 23:2160-2170. [PMID: 34234304 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diagnosis of inherited ataxia and related diseases represents a real challenge given the tremendous heterogeneity and clinical overlap of the various causes. We evaluated the efficacy of molecular diagnosis of these diseases by sequencing a large cohort of undiagnosed families. METHODS We analyzed 366 unrelated consecutive patients with undiagnosed ataxia or related disorders by clinical exome-capture sequencing. In silico analysis was performed with an in-house pipeline that combines variant ranking and copy-number variant (CNV) searches. Variants were interpreted according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) guidelines. RESULTS We established the molecular diagnosis in 46% of the cases. We identified 35 mildly affected patients with causative variants in genes that are classically associated with severe presentations. These cases were explained by the occurrence of hypomorphic variants, but also rarely suspected mechanisms such as C-terminal truncations and translation reinitiation. CONCLUSION A significant fraction of the clinical heterogeneity and phenotypic overlap is explained by hypomorphic variants that are difficult to identify and not readily predicted. The hypomorphic C-terminal truncation and translation reinitiation mechanisms that we identified may only apply to few genes, as it relies on specific domain organization and alterations. We identified PEX10 and FASTKD2 as candidates for translation reinitiation accounting for mild disease presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Benkirane
- PhyMedExp, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, UMR_CNRS-Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Cecilia Marelli
- Expert Centre for Neurogenetic Diseases and Adult Mitochondrial and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier; Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN), EPHE, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Guissart
- PhyMedExp, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, UMR_CNRS-Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Agathe Roubertie
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Elizabeth Ollagnon
- Department of Medical Genetics and Reference Centre for Neurological and Neuromuscular Diseases, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Ariane Choumert
- Department of Rare Neurological Diseases, CHU de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Frédérique Fluchère
- Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Ory Magne
- Department of Neurology, Purpan Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Yosra Halleb
- PhyMedExp, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, UMR_CNRS-Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathilde Renaud
- Departments of Genetics and of Neurology, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Lise Larrieu
- PhyMedExp, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, UMR_CNRS-Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - David Baux
- PhyMedExp, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, UMR_CNRS-Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Patat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Purpan Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Idriss Bousquet
- Department of Medical Genetics and Reference Centre for Neurological and Neuromuscular Diseases, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Marie Ravel
- Departments of Genetics and of Neurology, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Danielle Cuntz-Shadfar
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Sarret
- Department of Medical Genetics, Estaing Hospital, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Xavier Ayrignac
- Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Rolland
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Raoul Morales
- Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Morgane Pointaux
- PhyMedExp, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, UMR_CNRS-Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Cathy Lieutard-Haag
- PhyMedExp, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, UMR_CNRS-Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Brice Laurens
- Departement of Neurology, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS-UMR, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Tillikete
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Emilien Bernard
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGène, INSERM-CNRS-UMR, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Martial Mallaret
- Department of Functional Explorations of the Nervous System, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Christine Tranchant
- Department of Neurology, Hautepierre Hospital, CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Lena Damaj
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Laurent Pasquier
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Cecile Acquaviva
- Department of Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, CHU de Lyon et UMR, Bron, France
| | - Annabelle Chaussenot
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Department of Medical Genetics, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Karine Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - William Camu
- Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Eusebio
- Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Carrière
- Department of Neurology, Roger Salengro Hospital, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Audrey Riquet
- Department of Pediatrics Neurology, Roger Salengro Hospital, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Victoria Gonzales
- Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Carme
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Shahram Attarian
- Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Anna Castrioto
- Department of Functional Explorations of the Nervous System, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Ewenczyk
- Neurogenetics Reference Centre, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Perrine Charles
- Neurogenetics Reference Centre, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Samira Sissaoui
- Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital Necker-Enfant Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital Necker-Enfant Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Elsa Kaphan
- Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Adrian Degardin
- Department of Neurology, Roger Salengro Hospital, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bérénice Doray
- Department of Medical Genetics, CHU de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Sophie Julia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Purpan Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Ganaëlle Remerand
- Department of Neonatology, Estaing Hospital, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valerie Fraix
- Department of Functional Explorations of the Nervous System, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Lydia Abou Haidar
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Leila Lazaro
- Department of Pediatrics, CH de la Côte Basque-Bayonne, Bayonne, France
| | - Vincent Laugel
- Department of Pediatrics, Hautepierre Hospital, CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frederic Villega
- Department of Pediatrics, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux; Institute for Interdisciplinary Neurosciences (IINS), CNRS -UMR, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Charlin
- Department of Rare Neurological Diseases, CHU de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Solène Frismand
- Departments of Genetics and of Neurology, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Marinha Costa Moreira
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Tatiana Witjas
- Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Christine Francannet
- Department of Medical Genetics, Estaing Hospital, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ulrike Walther-Louvier
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mélanie Fradin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Brigitte Chabrol
- Departement of Pediatrics, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Joel Fluss
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Geneva Children's Hospital, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bieth
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Purpan Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Sylvain Vergnet
- Departement of Neurology, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS-UMR, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Meunier
- INSERM, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Genetics of Sensory Diseases, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Verloes
- Federation of Genetics, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Elise Brischoux-Boucher
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hôpital Saint-Jacques, CHU de Besançon, Centre de Génétique Humaine, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Christine Coubes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - David Geneviève
- Department of Medical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Lebouc
- Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Phillipe Azulay
- Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- Department of Neurology, Hautepierre Hospital, CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Department of Medical Genetics, Pellegrin Hospital, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - François Rivier
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Labauge
- Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Calvas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Purpan Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Koenig
- PhyMedExp, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, UMR_CNRS-Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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19
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Cousin MA, Creighton BA, Breau KA, Spillmann RC, Torti E, Dontu S, Tripathi S, Ajit D, Edwards RJ, Afriyie S, Bay JC, Harper KM, Beltran AA, Munoz LJ, Falcon Rodriguez L, Stankewich MC, Person RE, Si Y, Normand EA, Blevins A, May AS, Bier L, Aggarwal V, Mancini GMS, van Slegtenhorst MA, Cremer K, Becker J, Engels H, Aretz S, MacKenzie JJ, Brilstra E, van Gassen KLI, van Jaarsveld RH, Oegema R, Parsons GM, Mark P, Helbig I, McKeown SE, Stratton R, Cogne B, Isidor B, Cacheiro P, Smedley D, Firth HV, Bierhals T, Kloth K, Weiss D, Fairley C, Shieh JT, Kritzer A, Jayakar P, Kurtz-Nelson E, Bernier RA, Wang T, Eichler EE, van de Laar IMBH, McConkie-Rosell A, McDonald MT, Kemppainen J, Lanpher BC, Schultz-Rogers LE, Gunderson LB, Pichurin PN, Yoon G, Zech M, Jech R, Winkelmann J, Beltran AS, Zimmermann MT, Temple B, Moy SS, Klee EW, Tan QKG, Lorenzo DN. Pathogenic SPTBN1 variants cause an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental syndrome. Nat Genet 2021; 53:1006-1021. [PMID: 34211179 PMCID: PMC8273149 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00886-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SPTBN1 encodes βII-spectrin, the ubiquitously expressed β-spectrin that forms micrometer-scale networks associated with plasma membranes. Mice deficient in neuronal βII-spectrin have defects in cortical organization, developmental delay and behavioral deficiencies. These phenotypes, while less severe, are observed in haploinsufficient animals, suggesting that individuals carrying heterozygous SPTBN1 variants may also show measurable compromise of neural development and function. Here we identify heterozygous SPTBN1 variants in 29 individuals with developmental, language and motor delays; mild to severe intellectual disability; autistic features; seizures; behavioral and movement abnormalities; hypotonia; and variable dysmorphic facial features. We show that these SPTBN1 variants lead to effects that affect βII-spectrin stability, disrupt binding to key molecular partners, and disturb cytoskeleton organization and dynamics. Our studies define SPTBN1 variants as the genetic basis of a neurodevelopmental syndrome, expand the set of spectrinopathies affecting the brain and underscore the critical role of βII-spectrin in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot A Cousin
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Blake A Creighton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Keith A Breau
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Spillmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Sruthi Dontu
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Swarnendu Tripathi
- Bioinformatics Research and Development Laboratory, Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Deepa Ajit
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Reginald J Edwards
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Simone Afriyie
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julia C Bay
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn M Harper
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alvaro A Beltran
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lorena J Munoz
- Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Liset Falcon Rodriguez
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Yue Si
- GeneDx, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Alison S May
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Louise Bier
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vimla Aggarwal
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Personalized Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kirsten Cremer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jessica Becker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hartmut Engels
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Aretz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Eva Brilstra
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Koen L I van Gassen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Renske Oegema
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Paul Mark
- Spectrum Health Medical Genetics, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Division of Neurology, Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah E McKeown
- Division of Neurology, Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Stratton
- Genetics, Driscoll Children's Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin Cogne
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Pilar Cacheiro
- William Harvey Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Damian Smedley
- William Harvey Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Helen V Firth
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Tatjana Bierhals
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katja Kloth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Deike Weiss
- Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cecilia Fairley
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph T Shieh
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amy Kritzer
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Evangeline Kurtz-Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raphael A Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tianyun Wang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ingrid M B H van de Laar
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Allyn McConkie-Rosell
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marie T McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Kemppainen
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brendan C Lanpher
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Laura E Schultz-Rogers
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lauren B Gunderson
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pavel N Pichurin
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Grace Yoon
- Divisions of Clinical/Metabolic Genetics and Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Zech
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Jech
- Department of Neurology, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Neurogenetik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, SyNergy, Munich, Germany
| | - Adriana S Beltran
- Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael T Zimmermann
- Bioinformatics Research and Development Laboratory, Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Brenda Temple
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sheryl S Moy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eric W Klee
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Queenie K-G Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Damaris N Lorenzo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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20
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Rosenfeld JA, Xiao R, Bekheirnia MR, Kanani F, Parker MJ, Koenig MK, van Haeringen A, Ruivenkamp C, Rosmaninho-Salgado J, Almeida PM, Sá J, Basto JP, Palen E, Oetjens KF, Burrage LC, Xia F, Liu P, Eng CM, Yang Y, Posey JE, Lee BH. Heterozygous variants in SPTBN1 cause intellectual disability and autism. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2037-2045. [PMID: 33847457 PMCID: PMC11182376 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Spectrins are common components of cytoskeletons, binding to cytoskeletal elements and the plasma membrane, allowing proper localization of essential membrane proteins, signal transduction, and cellular scaffolding. Spectrins are assembled from α and β subunits, encoded by SPTA1 and SPTAN1 (α) and SPTB, SPTBN1, SPTBN2, SPTBN4, and SPTBN5 (β). Pathogenic variants in various spectrin genes are associated with erythroid cell disorders (SPTA1, SPTB) and neurologic disorders (SPTAN1, SPTBN2, and SPTBN4), but no phenotypes have been definitively associated with variants in SPTBN1 or SPTBN5. Through exome sequencing and case matching, we identified seven unrelated individuals with heterozygous SPTBN1 variants: two with de novo missense variants and five with predicted loss-of-function variants (found to be de novo in two, while one was inherited from a mother with a history of learning disabilities). Common features include global developmental delays, intellectual disability, and behavioral disturbances. Autistic features (4/6) and epilepsy (2/7) or abnormal electroencephalogram without overt seizures (1/7) were present in a subset. Identification of loss-of-function variants suggests a haploinsufficiency mechanism, but additional functional studies are required to fully elucidate disease pathogenesis. Our findings support the essential roles of SPTBN1 in human neurodevelopment and expand the knowledge of human spectrinopathy disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Mir Reza Bekheirnia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Renal Section, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Farah Kanani
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Michael J. Parker
- The Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities/Ethox Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mary K. Koenig
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Arie van Haeringen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Claudia Ruivenkamp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Joana Rosmaninho-Salgado
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro M. Almeida
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Sá
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Pinto Basto
- Molecular Diagnostics and Clinical Genomics, CGC Genetics, Porto, Portugal
| | - Emily Palen
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania, 17822, USA
| | - Kathryn F. Oetjens
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania, 17822, USA
| | - Lindsay C. Burrage
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Christine M. Eng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | | | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Brendan H. Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
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21
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Feng P, Ge Z, Guo Z, Lin L, Yu Q. A Comprehensive Analysis of the Downregulation of miRNA-1827 and Its Prognostic Significance by Targeting SPTBN2 and BCL2L1 in Ovarian Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:687576. [PMID: 34179092 PMCID: PMC8226272 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.687576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies demonstrated that miRNA-1827 could repress various cancers on proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. However, little attention has been paid to its role in ovarian cancer as a novel biomarker or intervention target, especially its clinical significance and underlying regulatory network. Methods: A meta-analysis of six microarrays was adopted here to determine the expression trend of miRNA-1827, and was further validated by gene expression profile data and cellular experiments. We explored the functional annotations through enrichment analysis for the differentially expressed genes targeted by miRNA-1827. Subsequently, we identified two hub genes, SPTBN2 and BCL2L1, based on interaction analysis using two online archive tools, miRWALK (it consolidates the resources of 12 miRNA-focused servers) and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Finally, we validated their characteristics and clinical significance in ovarian cancer. Results: The comprehensive meta-analysis revealed that miRNA-1827 was markedly downregulated in clinical and cellular specimens. Transfection of the miRNA-1827 mimic could significantly inhibit cellular proliferation. Concerning its target genes, they were involved in diverse biological processes related to tumorigenesis, such as cell proliferation, migration, and the apoptosis signaling pathway. Moreover, interaction analysis proved that two hub genes, SPTBN2 and BCL2L1, were highly associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. Conclusion: These integrated bioinformatic analyses indicated that miRNA-1827 was dramatically downregulated in ovarian cancer as a tumor suppressor. The upregulation of its downstream modulators, SPTBN2 and BCL2L1, was associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Thus, the present study has identified miRNA-1827 as a potential intervention target for ovarian cancer based on our bioinformatic analysis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhitong Ge
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zaixin Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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22
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Romaniello R, Citterio A, Panzeri E, Arrigoni F, De Rinaldis M, Trabacca A, Bassi MT. Novel SPTBN2 gene mutation and first intragenic deletion in early onset spinocerebellar ataxia type 5. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:956-963. [PMID: 33756041 PMCID: PMC8045899 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we describe two novel cases of SCA5 with early onset. The first one, carrying a novel heterozygous de novo missense mutation in SPTBN2 gene, showed a striking very severe cerebellar atrophy and reduction of volume of the pons at a very young age (16 months). The latter, carrying the first de novo intragenic deletion so far reported in SPTBN2 gene, showed a mild cerebellar atrophy involving the hemispheres and a later onset. In both cases, for the first time, a hyperintense signal of the dentate nuclei was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Romaniello
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Andrea Citterio
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Elena Panzeri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Filippo Arrigoni
- Neuroimaging Lab, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Marta De Rinaldis
- Unit for Severe Disabilities in Developmental Age and Young Adults, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Antonio Trabacca
- Unit for Severe Disabilities in Developmental Age and Young Adults, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bassi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
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23
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Yahia A, Stevanin G. The History of Gene Hunting in Hereditary Spinocerebellar Degeneration: Lessons From the Past and Future Perspectives. Front Genet 2021; 12:638730. [PMID: 33833777 PMCID: PMC8021710 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.638730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD) encompasses an expanding list of rare diseases with a broad clinical and genetic heterogeneity, complicating their diagnosis and management in daily clinical practice. Correct diagnosis is a pillar for precision medicine, a branch of medicine that promises to flourish with the progressive improvements in studying the human genome. Discovering the genes causing novel Mendelian phenotypes contributes to precision medicine by diagnosing subsets of patients with previously undiagnosed conditions, guiding the management of these patients and their families, and enabling the discovery of more causes of Mendelian diseases. This new knowledge provides insight into the biological processes involved in health and disease, including the more common complex disorders. This review discusses the evolution of the clinical and genetic approaches used to diagnose hereditary SCD and the potential of new tools for future discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Yahia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National University, Khartoum, Sudan
- Institut du Cerveau, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Institut du Cerveau, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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24
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Sancho P, Andrés-Bordería A, Gorría-Redondo N, Llano K, Martínez-Rubio D, Yoldi-Petri ME, Blumkin L, Rodríguez de la Fuente P, Gil-Ortiz F, Fernández-Murga L, Sánchez-Monteagudo A, Lupo V, Pérez-Dueñas B, Espinós C, Aguilera-Albesa S. Expanding the β-III Spectrin-Associated Phenotypes toward Non-Progressive Congenital Ataxias with Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052505. [PMID: 33801522 PMCID: PMC7958857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: A non-progressive congenital ataxia (NPCA) phenotype caused by β-III spectrin (SPTBN2) mutations has emerged, mimicking spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive type 14 (SCAR14). The pattern of inheritance, however, resembles that of autosomal dominant classical spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (SCA5). (2) Methods: In-depth phenotyping of two boys studied by a customized gene panel. Candidate variants were sought by structural modeling and protein expression. An extensive review of the literature was conducted in order to better characterize the SPTBN2-associated NPCA. (3) Results: Patients exhibited an NPCA with hypotonia, developmental delay, cerebellar syndrome, and cognitive deficits. Both probands presented with progressive global cerebellar volume loss in consecutive cerebral magnetic resonance imaging studies, characterized by decreasing midsagittal vermis relative diameter measurements. Cortical hyperintensities were observed on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images, suggesting a neurodegenerative process. Each patient carried a novel de novo SPTBN2 substitution: c.193A > G (p.K65E) or c.764A > G (p.D255G). Modeling and protein expression revealed that both mutations might be deleterious. (4) Conclusions: The reported findings contribute to a better understanding of the SPTBN2-associated phenotype. The mutations may preclude proper structural organization of the actin spectrin-based membrane skeleton, which, in turn, is responsible for the underlying disease mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Sancho
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain; (P.S.); (A.A.-B.); (D.M.-R.); (A.S.-M.); (V.L.)
| | - Amparo Andrés-Bordería
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain; (P.S.); (A.A.-B.); (D.M.-R.); (A.S.-M.); (V.L.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nerea Gorría-Redondo
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (N.G.-R.); (M.E.Y.-P.)
| | - Katia Llano
- Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Dolores Martínez-Rubio
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain; (P.S.); (A.A.-B.); (D.M.-R.); (A.S.-M.); (V.L.)
| | - María Eugenia Yoldi-Petri
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (N.G.-R.); (M.E.Y.-P.)
| | - Luba Blumkin
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel;
| | | | | | | | - Ana Sánchez-Monteagudo
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain; (P.S.); (A.A.-B.); (D.M.-R.); (A.S.-M.); (V.L.)
| | - Vincenzo Lupo
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain; (P.S.); (A.A.-B.); (D.M.-R.); (A.S.-M.); (V.L.)
| | - Belén Pérez-Dueñas
- Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Carmen Espinós
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain; (P.S.); (A.A.-B.); (D.M.-R.); (A.S.-M.); (V.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.E.); (S.A.-A.); Tel.: +34-963-289-680 (C.E.); +34-848-422-563 (S.A.-A.)
| | - Sergio Aguilera-Albesa
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (N.G.-R.); (M.E.Y.-P.)
- Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.E.); (S.A.-A.); Tel.: +34-963-289-680 (C.E.); +34-848-422-563 (S.A.-A.)
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Van de Vondel L, Baets J, Beijer D. Reply: De novo SPTAN1 mutation in axonal sensorimotor neuropathy and developmental disorder. Brain 2021; 143:e105. [PMID: 33207363 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liedewei Van de Vondel
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Danique Beijer
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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DNA Methylation in LIME1 and SPTBN2 Genes Is Associated with Attention Deficit in Children. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8020092. [PMID: 33572947 PMCID: PMC7912017 DOI: 10.3390/children8020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation levels are associated with neurodevelopment. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), characterized by attention deficits, is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. We used methylation microarray and pyrosequencing to detect peripheral blood DNA methylation markers of ADHD. DNA methylation profiling data from the microarray assays identified potential differentially methylated CpG sites between 12 ADHD patients and 9 controls. Five candidate CpG sites (cg00446123, cg20513976, cg07922513, cg17096979, and cg02506324) in four genes (LIME1, KCNAB2, CAPN9, and SPTBN2) were further examined with pyrosequencing. The attention of patients were tested using the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test (CPT). In total, 126 ADHD patients with a mean age of 9.2 years (78.6% males) and 72 healthy control subjects with a mean age of 9.3 years (62.5% males) were recruited. When all participants were categorized by their CPT performance, the DNA methylation levels in LIME1 (cg00446123 and cg20513976) were found to be significantly higher and those in SPTBN2 (cg02506324) were significantly lower in children with worse CPT performance. Therefore, DNA methylation of two CpG sites in LIME1 and one CpG site in SPTBN2 is associated with attention deficits in children. DNA methylation biomarkers may assist in identifying attention deficits of children in clinical settings.
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Morrow JS, Stankewich MC. The Spread of Spectrin in Ataxia and Neurodegenerative Disease. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 2:131-139. [PMID: 34528024 PMCID: PMC8439443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and hereditary defects in the ubiquitous scaffolding proteins of the spectrin gene family cause an array of neuropathologies. Most recognized are ataxias caused by missense, deletions, or truncations in the SPTBN2 gene that encodes beta III spectrin. Such mutations disrupt the organization of post-synaptic receptors, their active transport through the secretory pathway, and the organization and dynamics of the actin-based neuronal skeleton. Similar mutations in SPTAN1 that encodes alpha II spectrin cause severe and usually lethal neurodevelopmental defects including one form of early infantile epileptic encephalopathy type 5 (West syndrome). Defects in these and other spectrins are implicated in degenerative and psychiatric conditions. In recent published work, we describe in mice a novel variant of alpha II spectrin that results in a progressive ataxia with widespread neurodegenerative change. The action of this variant is distinct, in that rather than disrupting a constitutive ligand-binding function of spectrin, the mutation alters its response to calcium and calmodulin-regulated signaling pathways including its response to calpain activation. As such, it represents a novel spectrinopathy that targets a key regulatory pathway where calcium and tyrosine kinase signals converge. Here we briefly discuss the various roles of spectrin in neuronal processes and calcium activated regulatory inputs that control its participation in neuronal growth, organization, and remodeling. We hypothesize that damage to the neuronal spectrin scaffold may be a common final pathway in many neurodegenerative disorders. Targeting the pathways that regulate spectrin function may thus offer novel avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon S. Morrow
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA,Molecular & Cellular Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to Jon S. Morrow; , Michael Stankewich;
| | - Michael C. Stankewich
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to Jon S. Morrow; , Michael Stankewich;
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Zonta A, Brussino A, Dentelli P, Brusco A. A novel case of congenital spinocerebellar ataxia 5: further support for a specific phenotype associated with the p.(Arg480Trp) variant in SPTBN2. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/12/e238108. [PMID: 33318253 PMCID: PMC7737026 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-238108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A 4-year-old girl was referred to the geneticist with a history of ataxia associated with intention tremor of the hands, strabismus and hypermetropy. Her symptoms presented about 2 years earlier with inability to walk unaided and lower limbs hypotonia. Cognitive functions were normal. Brain MRI showed a cerebellar and vermian hypoplasia with enlargement of both the cerebrospinal fluid spaces and the IV brain ventricle. Family history was unremarkable. A genetic screening using a 42-gene panel for hereditary ataxia/spastic paraparesis identified a de novo c.1438C>T - p.(Arg480Trp) missense change in the SPTBN2 gene (NM_006946.2). This variant is reported to be associated with congenital ataxia, later evolving into ataxia and intellectual disability. This case further supports the existence of a specific SPTBN2 p.(Arg480Trp)-associated phenotype, with a de novo recurrence of this variant in the heterozygous state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zonta
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Alfredo Brusco
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Torino, Italy,Department Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
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CHIP as a therapeutic target for neurological diseases. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:727. [PMID: 32908122 PMCID: PMC7481199 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02953-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carboxy-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) functions both as a molecular co-chaperone and ubiquitin E3 ligase playing a critical role in modulating the degradation of numerous chaperone-bound proteins. To date, it has been implicated in the regulation of numerous biological functions, including misfolded-protein refolding, autophagy, immunity, and necroptosis. Moreover, the ubiquitous expression of CHIP in the central nervous system suggests that it may be implicated in a wide range of functions in neurological diseases. Several recent studies of our laboratory and other groups have highlighted the beneficial role of CHIP in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases. The objective of this review is to discuss the possible molecular mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases in which CHIP has a pivotal role, such as stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and polyglutamine diseases; furthermore, CHIP mutations could also cause neurodegenerative diseases. Based on the available literature, CHIP overexpression could serve as a promising therapeutic target for several neurological diseases.
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30
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Readhead B, Haure-Mirande JV, Mastroeni D, Audrain M, Fanutza T, Kim SH, Blitzer RD, Gandy S, Dudley JT, Ehrlich ME. miR155 regulation of behavior, neuropathology, and cortical transcriptomics in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:295-315. [PMID: 32666270 PMCID: PMC8414561 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are recognized as important regulators of many facets of physiological brain function while also being implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders. Dysregulation of miR155 is widely reported across a variety of neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury. In previous work, we observed that experimentally validated miR155 gene targets were consistently enriched among genes identified as differentially expressed across multiple brain tissue and disease contexts. In particular, we found that human herpesvirus-6A (HHV-6A) suppressed miR155, recapitulating reports of miR155 inhibition by HHV-6A in infected T-cells, thyrocytes, and natural killer cells. In earlier studies, we also reported the effects of constitutive deletion of miR155 on accelerating the accumulation of Aβ deposits in 4-month-old APP/PSEN1 mice. Herein, we complete the cumulative characterization of transcriptomic, electrophysiological, neuropathological, and learning behavior profiles from 4-, 8- and 10-month-old WT and APP/PSEN1 mice in the absence or presence of miR155. We also integrated human post-mortem brain RNA-sequences from four independent AD consortium studies, together comprising 928 samples collected from six brain regions. We report that gene expression perturbations associated with miR155 deletion in mouse cortex are in aggregate observed to be concordant with AD-associated changes across these independent human late-onset AD (LOAD) data sets, supporting the relevance of our findings to human disease. LOAD has recently been formulated as the clinicopathological manifestation of a multiplex of genetic underpinnings and pathophysiological mechanisms. Our accumulated data are consistent with such a formulation, indicating that miR155 may be uniquely positioned at the intersection of at least four components of this LOAD "multiplex": (1) innate immune response pathways; (2) viral response gene networks; (3) synaptic pathology; and (4) proamyloidogenic pathways involving the amyloid β peptide (Aβ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Readhead
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomic Sciences and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Diego Mastroeni
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Mickael Audrain
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Tomas Fanutza
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Soong H Kim
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Robert D Blitzer
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sam Gandy
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Cognitive Health and NFL Neurological Care, Department of Neurology, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, New York, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Joel T Dudley
- Icahn Institute of Genomic Sciences and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Michelle E Ehrlich
- Icahn Institute of Genomic Sciences and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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31
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Li J, Chen K, Zhu R, Zhang M. Structural Basis Underlying Strong Interactions between Ankyrins and Spectrins. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3838-3850. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Chen DH, Latimer C, Yagi M, Ndugga-Kabuye MK, Heigham E, Jayadev S, Meabon JS, Gomez CM, Keene CD, Cook DG, Raskind WH, Bird TD. Heterozygous STUB1 missense variants cause ataxia, cognitive decline, and STUB1 mislocalization. Neurol Genet 2020; 6:1-13. [PMID: 32211513 PMCID: PMC7073456 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the genetic cause of autosomal dominant ataxia complicated by behavioral abnormalities, cognitive decline, and autism in 2 families and to characterize brain neuropathologic signatures of dominant STUB1-related ataxia and investigate the effects of pathogenic variants on STUB1 localization. METHODS Clinical and research-based exome sequencing was used to identify the causative variants for autosomal dominant ataxia in 2 families. Gross and microscopic neuropathologic evaluations were performed on the brains of 4 affected individuals in these families. RESULTS Mutations in STUB1 have been primarily associated with childhood-onset autosomal recessive ataxia, but here we report heterozygous missense variants in STUB1 (p.Ile53Thr and p.The37Leu) confirming the recent reports of autosomal dominant inheritance. Cerebellar atrophy on imaging and cognitive deficits often preceded ataxia. Unique neuropathologic examination of the 4 brains showed the marked loss of Purkinje cells (PCs) without microscopic evidence of significant pathology outside the cerebellum. The normal pattern of polarized somatodendritic STUB1 protein expression in PCs was lost, resulting in aberrant STUB1 localization in the distal PC dendritic arbors. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms a dominant inheritance pattern in STUB1-ataxia in addition to a recessive one and documents its association with cognitive and behavioral disability, including autism. In the most extensive analysis of cerebellar pathology in this disease, we demonstrate disruption of STUB1 protein in PCs as part of the underlying pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hui Chen
- Department of Neurology (D.-H.C., E.H., S.J., T.D.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Pathology (C.L., C.D.K.), Neuropathology Division, University of Washington, Seattle; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC) (M.Y., D.G.C., W.H.R., T.D.B.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Medicine (M.K.N.-K., W.H.R., T.D.B.), Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) (J.S.M., W.H.R.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.S.M., W.H.R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (C.M.G.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine (D.G.C.), Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pharmacology (D.G.C.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Caitlin Latimer
- Department of Neurology (D.-H.C., E.H., S.J., T.D.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Pathology (C.L., C.D.K.), Neuropathology Division, University of Washington, Seattle; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC) (M.Y., D.G.C., W.H.R., T.D.B.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Medicine (M.K.N.-K., W.H.R., T.D.B.), Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) (J.S.M., W.H.R.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.S.M., W.H.R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (C.M.G.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine (D.G.C.), Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pharmacology (D.G.C.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Mayumi Yagi
- Department of Neurology (D.-H.C., E.H., S.J., T.D.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Pathology (C.L., C.D.K.), Neuropathology Division, University of Washington, Seattle; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC) (M.Y., D.G.C., W.H.R., T.D.B.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Medicine (M.K.N.-K., W.H.R., T.D.B.), Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) (J.S.M., W.H.R.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.S.M., W.H.R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (C.M.G.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine (D.G.C.), Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pharmacology (D.G.C.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Mesaki Kenneth Ndugga-Kabuye
- Department of Neurology (D.-H.C., E.H., S.J., T.D.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Pathology (C.L., C.D.K.), Neuropathology Division, University of Washington, Seattle; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC) (M.Y., D.G.C., W.H.R., T.D.B.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Medicine (M.K.N.-K., W.H.R., T.D.B.), Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) (J.S.M., W.H.R.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.S.M., W.H.R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (C.M.G.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine (D.G.C.), Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pharmacology (D.G.C.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Elyana Heigham
- Department of Neurology (D.-H.C., E.H., S.J., T.D.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Pathology (C.L., C.D.K.), Neuropathology Division, University of Washington, Seattle; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC) (M.Y., D.G.C., W.H.R., T.D.B.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Medicine (M.K.N.-K., W.H.R., T.D.B.), Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) (J.S.M., W.H.R.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.S.M., W.H.R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (C.M.G.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine (D.G.C.), Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pharmacology (D.G.C.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology (D.-H.C., E.H., S.J., T.D.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Pathology (C.L., C.D.K.), Neuropathology Division, University of Washington, Seattle; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC) (M.Y., D.G.C., W.H.R., T.D.B.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Medicine (M.K.N.-K., W.H.R., T.D.B.), Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) (J.S.M., W.H.R.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.S.M., W.H.R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (C.M.G.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine (D.G.C.), Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pharmacology (D.G.C.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - James S Meabon
- Department of Neurology (D.-H.C., E.H., S.J., T.D.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Pathology (C.L., C.D.K.), Neuropathology Division, University of Washington, Seattle; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC) (M.Y., D.G.C., W.H.R., T.D.B.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Medicine (M.K.N.-K., W.H.R., T.D.B.), Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) (J.S.M., W.H.R.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.S.M., W.H.R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (C.M.G.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine (D.G.C.), Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pharmacology (D.G.C.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Christopher M Gomez
- Department of Neurology (D.-H.C., E.H., S.J., T.D.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Pathology (C.L., C.D.K.), Neuropathology Division, University of Washington, Seattle; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC) (M.Y., D.G.C., W.H.R., T.D.B.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Medicine (M.K.N.-K., W.H.R., T.D.B.), Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) (J.S.M., W.H.R.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.S.M., W.H.R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (C.M.G.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine (D.G.C.), Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pharmacology (D.G.C.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Neurology (D.-H.C., E.H., S.J., T.D.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Pathology (C.L., C.D.K.), Neuropathology Division, University of Washington, Seattle; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC) (M.Y., D.G.C., W.H.R., T.D.B.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Medicine (M.K.N.-K., W.H.R., T.D.B.), Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) (J.S.M., W.H.R.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.S.M., W.H.R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (C.M.G.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine (D.G.C.), Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pharmacology (D.G.C.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - David G Cook
- Department of Neurology (D.-H.C., E.H., S.J., T.D.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Pathology (C.L., C.D.K.), Neuropathology Division, University of Washington, Seattle; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC) (M.Y., D.G.C., W.H.R., T.D.B.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Medicine (M.K.N.-K., W.H.R., T.D.B.), Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) (J.S.M., W.H.R.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.S.M., W.H.R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (C.M.G.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine (D.G.C.), Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pharmacology (D.G.C.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Wendy H Raskind
- Department of Neurology (D.-H.C., E.H., S.J., T.D.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Pathology (C.L., C.D.K.), Neuropathology Division, University of Washington, Seattle; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC) (M.Y., D.G.C., W.H.R., T.D.B.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Medicine (M.K.N.-K., W.H.R., T.D.B.), Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) (J.S.M., W.H.R.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.S.M., W.H.R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (C.M.G.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine (D.G.C.), Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pharmacology (D.G.C.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Thomas D Bird
- Department of Neurology (D.-H.C., E.H., S.J., T.D.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Pathology (C.L., C.D.K.), Neuropathology Division, University of Washington, Seattle; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC) (M.Y., D.G.C., W.H.R., T.D.B.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Medicine (M.K.N.-K., W.H.R., T.D.B.), Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) (J.S.M., W.H.R.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.S.M., W.H.R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (C.M.G.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine (D.G.C.), Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Pharmacology (D.G.C.), University of Washington, Seattle
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Cataloguing and Selection of mRNAs Localized to Dendrites in Neurons and Regulated by RNA-Binding Proteins in RNA Granules. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020167. [PMID: 31978946 PMCID: PMC7072219 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatiotemporal translational regulation plays a key role in determining cell fate and function. Specifically, in neurons, local translation in dendrites is essential for synaptic plasticity and long-term memory formation. To achieve local translation, RNA-binding proteins in RNA granules regulate target mRNA stability, localization, and translation. To date, mRNAs localized to dendrites have been identified by comprehensive analyses. In addition, mRNAs associated with and regulated by RNA-binding proteins have been identified using various methods in many studies. However, the results obtained from these numerous studies have not been compiled together. In this review, we have catalogued mRNAs that are localized to dendrites and are associated with and regulated by the RNA-binding proteins fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), RNA granule protein 105 (RNG105, also known as Caprin1), Ras-GAP SH3 domain binding protein (G3BP), cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 (CPEB1), and staufen double-stranded RNA binding proteins 1 and 2 (Stau1 and Stau2) in RNA granules. This review provides comprehensive information on dendritic mRNAs, the neuronal functions of mRNA-encoded proteins, the association of dendritic mRNAs with RNA-binding proteins in RNA granules, and the effects of RNA-binding proteins on mRNA regulation. These findings provide insights into the mechanistic basis of protein-synthesis-dependent synaptic plasticity and memory formation and contribute to future efforts to understand the physiological implications of local regulation of dendritic mRNAs in neurons.
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Häusler MG, Begemann M, Lidov HG, Kurth I, Darras BT, Elbracht M. A novel homozygous splice-site mutation in the SPTBN4 gene causes axonal neuropathy without intellectual disability. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 63:103826. [PMID: 31857255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.103826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in spectrin beta non-erythrocytic 4 (SPTBN4) have been linked to congenital hypotonia, intellectual disability and motor neuropathy. Here we report on two siblings with a homozygous splice-site mutation in the SPTBN4 gene, lacking previously reported features of the disorder such as seizures, feeding difficulties, respiratory difficulties or profound intellectual disability. Our findings indicate that muscular hypotonia, myopathic facies with ptosis and axonal neuropathy can be the core clinical features in the SPTBN4 disorder and suggest that SPTBN4 mutation analysis should be considered in infants with marked axonal neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G Häusler
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hart G Lidov
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Basil T Darras
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Beaudin M, Matilla-Dueñas A, Soong BW, Pedroso JL, Barsottini OG, Mitoma H, Tsuji S, Schmahmann JD, Manto M, Rouleau GA, Klein C, Dupre N. The Classification of Autosomal Recessive Cerebellar Ataxias: a Consensus Statement from the Society for Research on the Cerebellum and Ataxias Task Force. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 18:1098-1125. [PMID: 31267374 PMCID: PMC6867988 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no accepted classification of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias, a group of disorders characterized by important genetic heterogeneity and complex phenotypes. The objective of this task force was to build a consensus on the classification of autosomal recessive ataxias in order to develop a general approach to a patient presenting with ataxia, organize disorders according to clinical presentation, and define this field of research by identifying common pathogenic molecular mechanisms in these disorders. The work of this task force was based on a previously published systematic scoping review of the literature that identified autosomal recessive disorders characterized primarily by cerebellar motor dysfunction and cerebellar degeneration. The task force regrouped 12 international ataxia experts who decided on general orientation and specific issues. We identified 59 disorders that are classified as primary autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias. For each of these disorders, we present geographical and ethnical specificities along with distinctive clinical and imagery features. These primary recessive ataxias were organized in a clinical and a pathophysiological classification, and we present a general clinical approach to the patient presenting with ataxia. We also identified a list of 48 complex multisystem disorders that are associated with ataxia and should be included in the differential diagnosis of autosomal recessive ataxias. This classification is the result of a consensus among a panel of international experts, and it promotes a unified understanding of autosomal recessive cerebellar disorders for clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Beaudin
- Axe Neurosciences, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Antoni Matilla-Dueñas
- Department of Neuroscience, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bing-Weng Soong
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital and Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jose Luiz Pedroso
- Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Orlando G Barsottini
- Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hiroshi Mitoma
- Medical Education Promotion Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mario Manto
- Service de Neurologie, Médiathèque Jean Jacquy, CHU-Charleroi, 6000, Charleroi, Belgium
- Service des Neurosciences, UMons, Mons, Belgium
| | | | | | - Nicolas Dupre
- Axe Neurosciences, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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Lieto M, Riso V, Galatolo D, De Michele G, Rossi S, Barghigiani M, Cocozza S, Pontillo G, Trovato R, Saccà F, Salvatore E, Tessa A, Filla A, Santorelli FM, De Michele G, Silvestri G. The complex phenotype of spinocerebellar ataxia type 48 in eight unrelated Italian families. Eur J Neurol 2019; 27:498-505. [PMID: 31571321 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Heterozygous mutations in the STUB1 gene have recently been associated with an autosomal dominant form of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) associated with cerebellar cognitive-affective syndrome (CCAS), named SCA48. METHODS Molecular screening was performed in a cohort of 235 unrelated patients with adult-onset, autosomal dominant (17) or sporadic (218) cerebellar ataxia, negative for pathological trinucleotide expansions in the common SCAs, FRDA and FXTAS loci, by using targeted multigene panels or whole-exome sequencing. Bioinformatics analyses, detailed neurological phenotyping and family segregation studies corroborated the pathogenicity of the novel STUB1 mutations. Clinico-diagnostic findings were reviewed to define the phenotypic spectrum. RESULTS Eight heterozygous STUB1 mutations were identified, six of which were novel in 11 patients from eight index families, giving an estimated overall frequency of 3.4% (8/235) for SCA48 in our study cohort, rising to 23.5% (4/17) when considering only familial cases. All our SCA48 patients had cerebellar ataxia and dysarthria associated with cerebellar atrophy on brain magnetic resonance imaging; of note, many cases were also associated with parkinsonism, chorea and dystonia. CCAS also occurred frequently, whereas definite signs of pyramidal tract dysfunction and peripheral nervous system involvement were absent. One SCA48 patient presented with hypogonadism, associated with other autoimmune endocrine dysfunctions. CONCLUSIONS Our results support SCA48 as a significant cause of adult-onset SCA. Besides CCAS, our SCA48 patients often showed movement disorders and other clinical manifestations previously described in SCAR16, linked to biallelic variants in the same gene, thus suggesting a continuous clinical spectrum and significant overlap amongst recessive and dominantly inherited mutations in STUB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lieto
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - V Riso
- Area of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - D Galatolo
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - G De Michele
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - S Rossi
- Area of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - S Cocozza
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - G Pontillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - R Trovato
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Saccà
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - E Salvatore
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - A Tessa
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Filla
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - G De Michele
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - G Silvestri
- Area of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Al-Muhaizea MA, AlMutairi F, Almass R, AlHarthi S, Aldosary MS, Alsagob M, AlOdaib A, Colak D, Kaya N. A Novel Homozygous Mutation in SPTBN2 Leads to Spinocerebellar Ataxia in a Consanguineous Family: Report of a New Infantile-Onset Case and Brief Review of the Literature. THE CEREBELLUM 2019; 17:276-285. [PMID: 29196973 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-017-0893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was the identification of likely genes and mutations associated with an autosomal recessive (AR) rare spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) phenotype in two patients with infantile onset, from a consanguineous family. Using genome-wide SNP screening, autozygosity mapping, targeted Sanger sequencing and nextgen sequencing, family segregation analysis, and comprehensive neuropanel, we discovered a novel mutation in SPTBN2. Next, we utilized multiple sequence alignment of amino acids from various species as well as crystal structures provided by protein data bank (PDB# 1WYQ and 1WJM) to model the mutation site and its effect on β-III-spectrin. Finally, we used various bioinformatic classifiers to determine pathogenicity of the missense variant. A comprehensive clinical and diagnostic workup including radiological exams were performed on the patients as part of routine patient care. The homozygous missense variant (c.1572C>T; p.R414C) detected in exon 2 was fully segregated in the family and absent in a large ethnic cohort as well as publicly available data sets. Our comprehensive targeted sequencing approaches did not reveal any other likely candidate variants or mutations in both patients. The two male siblings presented with delayed motor milestones and cognitive and learning disability. Brain MRI revealed isolated cerebellar atrophy more marked in midline inferior vermis at ages of 3 and 6.5 years. Sequence alignments of the amino acids for β-III-spectrin indicated that the arginine at 414 is highly conserved among various species and located towards the end of first spectrin repeat domain. Inclusive bioinformatic analysis predicted that the variant is to be damaging and disease causing. In addition to the novel mutation, a brief literature review of the previously reported mutations as well as clinical comparison of the cases were also presented. Our study reviews the previously reported SPTBN2 mutations and cases. Moreover, the novel mutation, p.R414C, adds up to the literature for the infantile-onset form of autosomal recessive ataxia associated with SPTBN2. Previously, few SPTBN2 recessive mutations have been reported in humans. Animal models especially the β-III-/- mouse model provided insights into early coordination and gait deficit suggestive of loss-of-function. It is expected to see more recessive SPTBN2 mutations appearing in the literature during the upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Al-Muhaizea
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faten AlMutairi
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC: 03, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Almass
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC: 03, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safinaz AlHarthi
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazhor S Aldosary
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC: 03, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysoon Alsagob
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC: 03, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali AlOdaib
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC: 03, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dilek Colak
- Department of Biostatistics and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Namik Kaya
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC: 03, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
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Machnicka B, Grochowalska R, Bogusławska DM, Sikorski AF. The role of spectrin in cell adhesion and cell-cell contact. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1303-1312. [PMID: 31226892 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219859003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Spectrins are proteins that are responsible for many aspects of cell function and adaptation to changing environments. Primarily the spectrin-based membrane skeleton maintains cell membrane integrity and its mechanical properties, together with the cytoskeletal network a support cell shape. The occurrence of a variety of spectrin isoforms in diverse cellular environments indicates that it is a multifunctional protein involved in numerous physiological pathways. Participation of spectrin in cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix adhesion and formation of dynamic plasma membrane protrusions and associated signaling events is a subject of interest for researchers in the fields of cell biology and molecular medicine. In this mini-review, we focus on data concerning the role of spectrins in cell surface activities such as adhesion, cell–cell contact, and invadosome formation. We discuss data on different adhesion proteins that directly or indirectly interact with spectrin repeats. New findings support the involvement of spectrin in cell adhesion and spreading, formation of lamellipodia, and also the participation in morphogenetic processes, such as eye development, oogenesis, and angiogenesis. Here, we review the role of spectrin in cell adhesion and cell–cell contact.Impact statementThis article reviews properties of spectrins as a group of proteins involved in cell surface activities such as, adhesion and cell–cell contact, and their contribution to morphogenesis. We show a new area of research and discuss the involvement of spectrin in regulation of cell–cell contact leading to immunological synapse formation and in shaping synapse architecture during myoblast fusion. Data indicate involvement of spectrins in adhesion and cell–cell or cell–extracellular matrix interactions and therefore in signaling pathways. There is evidence of spectrin’s contribution to the processes of morphogenesis which are connected to its interactions with adhesion molecules, membrane proteins (and perhaps lipids), and actin. Our aim was to highlight the essential role of spectrin in cell–cell contact and cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Machnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra 65-516, Poland
| | - Renata Grochowalska
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra 65-516, Poland
| | - Dżamila M Bogusławska
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra 65-516, Poland
| | - Aleksander F Sikorski
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław 50-383, Poland
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Nicita F, Nardella M, Bellacchio E, Alfieri P, Terrone G, Piccini G, Graziola F, Pignata C, Capuano A, Bertini E, Zanni G. Heterozygous missense variants of SPTBN2 are a frequent cause of congenital cerebellar ataxia. Clin Genet 2019; 96:169-175. [PMID: 31066025 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous missense variants in the SPTBN2 gene, encoding the non-erythrocytic beta spectrin 2 subunit (beta-III spectrin), have been identified in autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (SCA5), a rare adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, whereas homozygous loss of function variants in SPTBN2 have been associated with early onset cerebellar ataxia and global developmental delay (SCAR14). Recently, heterozygous SPTBN2 missense variants have been identified in a few patients with an early-onset ataxic phenotype. We report five patients with non-progressive congenital ataxia and psychomotor delay, 4/5 harboring novel heterozygous missense variants in SPTBN2 and one patient with compound heterozygous SPTBN2 variants. With an overall prevalence of 5% in our cohort of unrelated patients screened by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) for congenital or early-onset cerebellar ataxia, this study indicates that both dominant and recessive mutations of SPTBN2 together with CACNA1A and ITPR1, are a frequent cause of early-onset/congenital non-progressive ataxia and that their screening should be implemented in this subgroup of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nicita
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Nardella
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bellacchio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Alfieri
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Terrone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgia Piccini
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Graziola
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Pignata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Capuano
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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40
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Liu CH, Rasband MN. Axonal Spectrins: Nanoscale Organization, Functional Domains and Spectrinopathies. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:234. [PMID: 31191255 PMCID: PMC6546920 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectrin cytoskeletons are found in all metazoan cells, and their physical interactions between actin and ankyrins establish a meshwork that provides cellular structural integrity. With advanced super-resolution microscopy, the intricate spatial organization and associated functional properties of these cytoskeletons can now be analyzed with unprecedented clarity. Long neuronal processes like peripheral sensory and motor axons may be subject to intense mechanical forces including bending, stretching, and torsion. The spectrin-based cytoskeleton is essential to protect axons against these mechanical stresses. Additionally, spectrins are critical for the assembly and maintenance of axonal excitable domains including the axon initial segment and the nodes of Ranvier (NoR). These sites facilitate rapid and efficient action potential initiation and propagation in the nervous system. Recent studies revealed that pathogenic spectrin variants and diseases that protealyze and breakdown spectrins are associated with congenital neurological disorders and nervous system injury. Here, we review recent studies of spectrins in the nervous system and focus on their functions in axonal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsin Liu
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Matthew Neil Rasband
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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41
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MTSS1/Src family kinase dysregulation underlies multiple inherited ataxias. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E12407-E12416. [PMID: 30530649 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1816177115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetically heterogeneous spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are caused by Purkinje neuron dysfunction and degeneration, but their underlying pathological mechanisms remain elusive. The Src family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (SFK) are essential for nervous system homeostasis and are increasingly implicated in degenerative disease. Here we reveal that the SFK suppressor Missing-in-metastasis (MTSS1) is an ataxia locus that links multiple SCAs. MTSS1 loss results in increased SFK activity, reduced Purkinje neuron arborization, and low basal firing rates, followed by cell death. Surprisingly, mouse models for SCA1, SCA2, and SCA5 show elevated SFK activity, with SCA1 and SCA2 displaying dramatically reduced MTSS1 protein levels through reduced gene expression and protein translation, respectively. Treatment of each SCA model with a clinically approved Src inhibitor corrects Purkinje neuron basal firing and delays ataxia progression in MTSS1 mutants. Our results identify a common SCA therapeutic target and demonstrate a key role for MTSS1/SFK in Purkinje neuron survival and ataxia progression.
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Genis D, Ortega-Cubero S, San Nicolás H, Corral J, Gardenyes J, de Jorge L, López E, Campos B, Lorenzo E, Tonda R, Beltran S, Negre M, Obón M, Beltran B, Fàbregas L, Alemany B, Márquez F, Ramió-Torrentà L, Gich J, Volpini V, Pastor P. Heterozygous STUB1 mutation causes familial ataxia with cognitive affective syndrome (SCA48). Neurology 2018; 91:e1988-e1998. [PMID: 30381368 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a new spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA48) characterized by early cerebellar cognitive-affective syndrome (CCAS) and late-onset SCA. METHODS This is a descriptive study of a family that has been followed for more than a decade with periodic neurologic and neuropsychological examinations, MRI, brain SPECT perfusion, and genetic analysis. Whole exome sequencing was performed in 3 affected and 1 unaffected family member and subsequently validated by linkage analysis of chromosome 16p13.3. RESULTS Six patients fully developed cognitive-affective and complete motor cerebellar syndrome associated with vermian and hemispheric cerebellar atrophy, suggesting a continuum from a dysexecutive syndrome slowly evolving to a complete and severe CCAS with late truncal ataxia. Three presymptomatic patients showed focal cerebellar atrophy in the vermian, paravermian, and the medial part of cerebellar lobes VI and VII, suggesting that cerebellar atrophy preceded the ataxia, and that the neurodegeneration begins in cerebellar areas related to cognition and emotion, spreading later to the whole cerebellum. Among the candidate variants, only the frameshift heterozygous c.823_824delCT STUB1 (p.L275Dfs*16) pathogenic variant cosegregated with the disease. The p.L275Dfs*16 heterozygous STUB1 pathogenic variant leads to neurodegeneration and atrophy in cognition- and emotion-related cerebellar areas and reinforces the importance of STUB1 in maintaining cognitive cerebellar function. CONCLUSIONS We report a heterozygous STUB1 pathogenic genetic variant causing dominant cerebellar ataxia. Since recessive mutations in STUB1 gene have been previously associated with SCAR16, these findings suggest a previously undescribed SCA locus (SCA48; MIM# 618093).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Genis
- From the Unit of Ataxias, Spastic Paraparesis, and Rare Neurological Diseases (D.G., B.A.) and Neuropsychology Unit (J.G.), Neurology Service (F.M., L.R.-T.), Nuclear Medicine Unit (M.N.), Genetic Unit, Laboratori Clinic Territorial de Girona (M.O.), and MRI Center, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI), and Radiology Department (B.B.), University Hospital "Dr. Josep Trueta," Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià; Group of Investigation in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation (D.G., B.A., F.M., L.R.-T., J.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona; Medical Sciences Department (B.A., L.R.-T.), University of Girona; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.O.-C., H.S.N.), Hospital Universitario de Burgos (HUBU); CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Molecular Diagnostic Centre for Hereditary Diseases (CDGM) (J.C., J.G., L.d.J., E. López, B.C., V.V.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG) (R.T., S.B.), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (R.T., S.B.), Barcelona; National Bioinformatics Institute (R.T.), Madrid; Clinical Psychology (L.F.), Hospital de Dia de Malalties Neurodegeneratives, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona; and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (P.P.), University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Ortega-Cubero
- From the Unit of Ataxias, Spastic Paraparesis, and Rare Neurological Diseases (D.G., B.A.) and Neuropsychology Unit (J.G.), Neurology Service (F.M., L.R.-T.), Nuclear Medicine Unit (M.N.), Genetic Unit, Laboratori Clinic Territorial de Girona (M.O.), and MRI Center, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI), and Radiology Department (B.B.), University Hospital "Dr. Josep Trueta," Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià; Group of Investigation in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation (D.G., B.A., F.M., L.R.-T., J.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona; Medical Sciences Department (B.A., L.R.-T.), University of Girona; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.O.-C., H.S.N.), Hospital Universitario de Burgos (HUBU); CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Molecular Diagnostic Centre for Hereditary Diseases (CDGM) (J.C., J.G., L.d.J., E. López, B.C., V.V.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG) (R.T., S.B.), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (R.T., S.B.), Barcelona; National Bioinformatics Institute (R.T.), Madrid; Clinical Psychology (L.F.), Hospital de Dia de Malalties Neurodegeneratives, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona; and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (P.P.), University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hector San Nicolás
- From the Unit of Ataxias, Spastic Paraparesis, and Rare Neurological Diseases (D.G., B.A.) and Neuropsychology Unit (J.G.), Neurology Service (F.M., L.R.-T.), Nuclear Medicine Unit (M.N.), Genetic Unit, Laboratori Clinic Territorial de Girona (M.O.), and MRI Center, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI), and Radiology Department (B.B.), University Hospital "Dr. Josep Trueta," Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià; Group of Investigation in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation (D.G., B.A., F.M., L.R.-T., J.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona; Medical Sciences Department (B.A., L.R.-T.), University of Girona; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.O.-C., H.S.N.), Hospital Universitario de Burgos (HUBU); CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Molecular Diagnostic Centre for Hereditary Diseases (CDGM) (J.C., J.G., L.d.J., E. López, B.C., V.V.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG) (R.T., S.B.), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (R.T., S.B.), Barcelona; National Bioinformatics Institute (R.T.), Madrid; Clinical Psychology (L.F.), Hospital de Dia de Malalties Neurodegeneratives, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona; and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (P.P.), University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Corral
- From the Unit of Ataxias, Spastic Paraparesis, and Rare Neurological Diseases (D.G., B.A.) and Neuropsychology Unit (J.G.), Neurology Service (F.M., L.R.-T.), Nuclear Medicine Unit (M.N.), Genetic Unit, Laboratori Clinic Territorial de Girona (M.O.), and MRI Center, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI), and Radiology Department (B.B.), University Hospital "Dr. Josep Trueta," Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià; Group of Investigation in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation (D.G., B.A., F.M., L.R.-T., J.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona; Medical Sciences Department (B.A., L.R.-T.), University of Girona; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.O.-C., H.S.N.), Hospital Universitario de Burgos (HUBU); CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Molecular Diagnostic Centre for Hereditary Diseases (CDGM) (J.C., J.G., L.d.J., E. López, B.C., V.V.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG) (R.T., S.B.), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (R.T., S.B.), Barcelona; National Bioinformatics Institute (R.T.), Madrid; Clinical Psychology (L.F.), Hospital de Dia de Malalties Neurodegeneratives, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona; and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (P.P.), University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Gardenyes
- From the Unit of Ataxias, Spastic Paraparesis, and Rare Neurological Diseases (D.G., B.A.) and Neuropsychology Unit (J.G.), Neurology Service (F.M., L.R.-T.), Nuclear Medicine Unit (M.N.), Genetic Unit, Laboratori Clinic Territorial de Girona (M.O.), and MRI Center, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI), and Radiology Department (B.B.), University Hospital "Dr. Josep Trueta," Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià; Group of Investigation in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation (D.G., B.A., F.M., L.R.-T., J.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona; Medical Sciences Department (B.A., L.R.-T.), University of Girona; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.O.-C., H.S.N.), Hospital Universitario de Burgos (HUBU); CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Molecular Diagnostic Centre for Hereditary Diseases (CDGM) (J.C., J.G., L.d.J., E. López, B.C., V.V.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG) (R.T., S.B.), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (R.T., S.B.), Barcelona; National Bioinformatics Institute (R.T.), Madrid; Clinical Psychology (L.F.), Hospital de Dia de Malalties Neurodegeneratives, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona; and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (P.P.), University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura de Jorge
- From the Unit of Ataxias, Spastic Paraparesis, and Rare Neurological Diseases (D.G., B.A.) and Neuropsychology Unit (J.G.), Neurology Service (F.M., L.R.-T.), Nuclear Medicine Unit (M.N.), Genetic Unit, Laboratori Clinic Territorial de Girona (M.O.), and MRI Center, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI), and Radiology Department (B.B.), University Hospital "Dr. Josep Trueta," Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià; Group of Investigation in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation (D.G., B.A., F.M., L.R.-T., J.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona; Medical Sciences Department (B.A., L.R.-T.), University of Girona; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.O.-C., H.S.N.), Hospital Universitario de Burgos (HUBU); CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Molecular Diagnostic Centre for Hereditary Diseases (CDGM) (J.C., J.G., L.d.J., E. López, B.C., V.V.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG) (R.T., S.B.), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (R.T., S.B.), Barcelona; National Bioinformatics Institute (R.T.), Madrid; Clinical Psychology (L.F.), Hospital de Dia de Malalties Neurodegeneratives, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona; and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (P.P.), University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva López
- From the Unit of Ataxias, Spastic Paraparesis, and Rare Neurological Diseases (D.G., B.A.) and Neuropsychology Unit (J.G.), Neurology Service (F.M., L.R.-T.), Nuclear Medicine Unit (M.N.), Genetic Unit, Laboratori Clinic Territorial de Girona (M.O.), and MRI Center, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI), and Radiology Department (B.B.), University Hospital "Dr. Josep Trueta," Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià; Group of Investigation in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation (D.G., B.A., F.M., L.R.-T., J.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona; Medical Sciences Department (B.A., L.R.-T.), University of Girona; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.O.-C., H.S.N.), Hospital Universitario de Burgos (HUBU); CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Molecular Diagnostic Centre for Hereditary Diseases (CDGM) (J.C., J.G., L.d.J., E. López, B.C., V.V.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG) (R.T., S.B.), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (R.T., S.B.), Barcelona; National Bioinformatics Institute (R.T.), Madrid; Clinical Psychology (L.F.), Hospital de Dia de Malalties Neurodegeneratives, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona; and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (P.P.), University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Campos
- From the Unit of Ataxias, Spastic Paraparesis, and Rare Neurological Diseases (D.G., B.A.) and Neuropsychology Unit (J.G.), Neurology Service (F.M., L.R.-T.), Nuclear Medicine Unit (M.N.), Genetic Unit, Laboratori Clinic Territorial de Girona (M.O.), and MRI Center, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI), and Radiology Department (B.B.), University Hospital "Dr. Josep Trueta," Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià; Group of Investigation in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation (D.G., B.A., F.M., L.R.-T., J.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona; Medical Sciences Department (B.A., L.R.-T.), University of Girona; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.O.-C., H.S.N.), Hospital Universitario de Burgos (HUBU); CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Molecular Diagnostic Centre for Hereditary Diseases (CDGM) (J.C., J.G., L.d.J., E. López, B.C., V.V.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG) (R.T., S.B.), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (R.T., S.B.), Barcelona; National Bioinformatics Institute (R.T.), Madrid; Clinical Psychology (L.F.), Hospital de Dia de Malalties Neurodegeneratives, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona; and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (P.P.), University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Lorenzo
- From the Unit of Ataxias, Spastic Paraparesis, and Rare Neurological Diseases (D.G., B.A.) and Neuropsychology Unit (J.G.), Neurology Service (F.M., L.R.-T.), Nuclear Medicine Unit (M.N.), Genetic Unit, Laboratori Clinic Territorial de Girona (M.O.), and MRI Center, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI), and Radiology Department (B.B.), University Hospital "Dr. Josep Trueta," Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià; Group of Investigation in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation (D.G., B.A., F.M., L.R.-T., J.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona; Medical Sciences Department (B.A., L.R.-T.), University of Girona; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.O.-C., H.S.N.), Hospital Universitario de Burgos (HUBU); CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Molecular Diagnostic Centre for Hereditary Diseases (CDGM) (J.C., J.G., L.d.J., E. López, B.C., V.V.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG) (R.T., S.B.), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (R.T., S.B.), Barcelona; National Bioinformatics Institute (R.T.), Madrid; Clinical Psychology (L.F.), Hospital de Dia de Malalties Neurodegeneratives, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona; and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (P.P.), University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Tonda
- From the Unit of Ataxias, Spastic Paraparesis, and Rare Neurological Diseases (D.G., B.A.) and Neuropsychology Unit (J.G.), Neurology Service (F.M., L.R.-T.), Nuclear Medicine Unit (M.N.), Genetic Unit, Laboratori Clinic Territorial de Girona (M.O.), and MRI Center, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI), and Radiology Department (B.B.), University Hospital "Dr. Josep Trueta," Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià; Group of Investigation in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation (D.G., B.A., F.M., L.R.-T., J.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona; Medical Sciences Department (B.A., L.R.-T.), University of Girona; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.O.-C., H.S.N.), Hospital Universitario de Burgos (HUBU); CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Molecular Diagnostic Centre for Hereditary Diseases (CDGM) (J.C., J.G., L.d.J., E. López, B.C., V.V.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG) (R.T., S.B.), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (R.T., S.B.), Barcelona; National Bioinformatics Institute (R.T.), Madrid; Clinical Psychology (L.F.), Hospital de Dia de Malalties Neurodegeneratives, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona; and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (P.P.), University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Beltran
- From the Unit of Ataxias, Spastic Paraparesis, and Rare Neurological Diseases (D.G., B.A.) and Neuropsychology Unit (J.G.), Neurology Service (F.M., L.R.-T.), Nuclear Medicine Unit (M.N.), Genetic Unit, Laboratori Clinic Territorial de Girona (M.O.), and MRI Center, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI), and Radiology Department (B.B.), University Hospital "Dr. Josep Trueta," Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià; Group of Investigation in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation (D.G., B.A., F.M., L.R.-T., J.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona; Medical Sciences Department (B.A., L.R.-T.), University of Girona; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.O.-C., H.S.N.), Hospital Universitario de Burgos (HUBU); CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Molecular Diagnostic Centre for Hereditary Diseases (CDGM) (J.C., J.G., L.d.J., E. López, B.C., V.V.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG) (R.T., S.B.), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (R.T., S.B.), Barcelona; National Bioinformatics Institute (R.T.), Madrid; Clinical Psychology (L.F.), Hospital de Dia de Malalties Neurodegeneratives, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona; and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (P.P.), University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Negre
- From the Unit of Ataxias, Spastic Paraparesis, and Rare Neurological Diseases (D.G., B.A.) and Neuropsychology Unit (J.G.), Neurology Service (F.M., L.R.-T.), Nuclear Medicine Unit (M.N.), Genetic Unit, Laboratori Clinic Territorial de Girona (M.O.), and MRI Center, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI), and Radiology Department (B.B.), University Hospital "Dr. Josep Trueta," Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià; Group of Investigation in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation (D.G., B.A., F.M., L.R.-T., J.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona; Medical Sciences Department (B.A., L.R.-T.), University of Girona; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.O.-C., H.S.N.), Hospital Universitario de Burgos (HUBU); CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Molecular Diagnostic Centre for Hereditary Diseases (CDGM) (J.C., J.G., L.d.J., E. López, B.C., V.V.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG) (R.T., S.B.), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (R.T., S.B.), Barcelona; National Bioinformatics Institute (R.T.), Madrid; Clinical Psychology (L.F.), Hospital de Dia de Malalties Neurodegeneratives, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona; and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (P.P.), University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Obón
- From the Unit of Ataxias, Spastic Paraparesis, and Rare Neurological Diseases (D.G., B.A.) and Neuropsychology Unit (J.G.), Neurology Service (F.M., L.R.-T.), Nuclear Medicine Unit (M.N.), Genetic Unit, Laboratori Clinic Territorial de Girona (M.O.), and MRI Center, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI), and Radiology Department (B.B.), University Hospital "Dr. Josep Trueta," Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià; Group of Investigation in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation (D.G., B.A., F.M., L.R.-T., J.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona; Medical Sciences Department (B.A., L.R.-T.), University of Girona; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.O.-C., H.S.N.), Hospital Universitario de Burgos (HUBU); CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Molecular Diagnostic Centre for Hereditary Diseases (CDGM) (J.C., J.G., L.d.J., E. López, B.C., V.V.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG) (R.T., S.B.), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (R.T., S.B.), Barcelona; National Bioinformatics Institute (R.T.), Madrid; Clinical Psychology (L.F.), Hospital de Dia de Malalties Neurodegeneratives, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona; and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (P.P.), University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brigitte Beltran
- From the Unit of Ataxias, Spastic Paraparesis, and Rare Neurological Diseases (D.G., B.A.) and Neuropsychology Unit (J.G.), Neurology Service (F.M., L.R.-T.), Nuclear Medicine Unit (M.N.), Genetic Unit, Laboratori Clinic Territorial de Girona (M.O.), and MRI Center, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI), and Radiology Department (B.B.), University Hospital "Dr. Josep Trueta," Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià; Group of Investigation in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation (D.G., B.A., F.M., L.R.-T., J.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona; Medical Sciences Department (B.A., L.R.-T.), University of Girona; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.O.-C., H.S.N.), Hospital Universitario de Burgos (HUBU); CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Molecular Diagnostic Centre for Hereditary Diseases (CDGM) (J.C., J.G., L.d.J., E. López, B.C., V.V.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG) (R.T., S.B.), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (R.T., S.B.), Barcelona; National Bioinformatics Institute (R.T.), Madrid; Clinical Psychology (L.F.), Hospital de Dia de Malalties Neurodegeneratives, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona; and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (P.P.), University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Fàbregas
- From the Unit of Ataxias, Spastic Paraparesis, and Rare Neurological Diseases (D.G., B.A.) and Neuropsychology Unit (J.G.), Neurology Service (F.M., L.R.-T.), Nuclear Medicine Unit (M.N.), Genetic Unit, Laboratori Clinic Territorial de Girona (M.O.), and MRI Center, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI), and Radiology Department (B.B.), University Hospital "Dr. Josep Trueta," Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià; Group of Investigation in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation (D.G., B.A., F.M., L.R.-T., J.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona; Medical Sciences Department (B.A., L.R.-T.), University of Girona; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.O.-C., H.S.N.), Hospital Universitario de Burgos (HUBU); CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Molecular Diagnostic Centre for Hereditary Diseases (CDGM) (J.C., J.G., L.d.J., E. López, B.C., V.V.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG) (R.T., S.B.), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (R.T., S.B.), Barcelona; National Bioinformatics Institute (R.T.), Madrid; Clinical Psychology (L.F.), Hospital de Dia de Malalties Neurodegeneratives, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona; and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (P.P.), University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Alemany
- From the Unit of Ataxias, Spastic Paraparesis, and Rare Neurological Diseases (D.G., B.A.) and Neuropsychology Unit (J.G.), Neurology Service (F.M., L.R.-T.), Nuclear Medicine Unit (M.N.), Genetic Unit, Laboratori Clinic Territorial de Girona (M.O.), and MRI Center, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI), and Radiology Department (B.B.), University Hospital "Dr. Josep Trueta," Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià; Group of Investigation in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation (D.G., B.A., F.M., L.R.-T., J.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona; Medical Sciences Department (B.A., L.R.-T.), University of Girona; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.O.-C., H.S.N.), Hospital Universitario de Burgos (HUBU); CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Molecular Diagnostic Centre for Hereditary Diseases (CDGM) (J.C., J.G., L.d.J., E. López, B.C., V.V.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG) (R.T., S.B.), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (R.T., S.B.), Barcelona; National Bioinformatics Institute (R.T.), Madrid; Clinical Psychology (L.F.), Hospital de Dia de Malalties Neurodegeneratives, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona; and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (P.P.), University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabián Márquez
- From the Unit of Ataxias, Spastic Paraparesis, and Rare Neurological Diseases (D.G., B.A.) and Neuropsychology Unit (J.G.), Neurology Service (F.M., L.R.-T.), Nuclear Medicine Unit (M.N.), Genetic Unit, Laboratori Clinic Territorial de Girona (M.O.), and MRI Center, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI), and Radiology Department (B.B.), University Hospital "Dr. Josep Trueta," Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià; Group of Investigation in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation (D.G., B.A., F.M., L.R.-T., J.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona; Medical Sciences Department (B.A., L.R.-T.), University of Girona; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.O.-C., H.S.N.), Hospital Universitario de Burgos (HUBU); CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Molecular Diagnostic Centre for Hereditary Diseases (CDGM) (J.C., J.G., L.d.J., E. López, B.C., V.V.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG) (R.T., S.B.), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (R.T., S.B.), Barcelona; National Bioinformatics Institute (R.T.), Madrid; Clinical Psychology (L.F.), Hospital de Dia de Malalties Neurodegeneratives, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona; and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (P.P.), University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Ramió-Torrentà
- From the Unit of Ataxias, Spastic Paraparesis, and Rare Neurological Diseases (D.G., B.A.) and Neuropsychology Unit (J.G.), Neurology Service (F.M., L.R.-T.), Nuclear Medicine Unit (M.N.), Genetic Unit, Laboratori Clinic Territorial de Girona (M.O.), and MRI Center, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI), and Radiology Department (B.B.), University Hospital "Dr. Josep Trueta," Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià; Group of Investigation in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation (D.G., B.A., F.M., L.R.-T., J.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona; Medical Sciences Department (B.A., L.R.-T.), University of Girona; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.O.-C., H.S.N.), Hospital Universitario de Burgos (HUBU); CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Molecular Diagnostic Centre for Hereditary Diseases (CDGM) (J.C., J.G., L.d.J., E. López, B.C., V.V.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG) (R.T., S.B.), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (R.T., S.B.), Barcelona; National Bioinformatics Institute (R.T.), Madrid; Clinical Psychology (L.F.), Hospital de Dia de Malalties Neurodegeneratives, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona; and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (P.P.), University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Gich
- From the Unit of Ataxias, Spastic Paraparesis, and Rare Neurological Diseases (D.G., B.A.) and Neuropsychology Unit (J.G.), Neurology Service (F.M., L.R.-T.), Nuclear Medicine Unit (M.N.), Genetic Unit, Laboratori Clinic Territorial de Girona (M.O.), and MRI Center, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI), and Radiology Department (B.B.), University Hospital "Dr. Josep Trueta," Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià; Group of Investigation in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation (D.G., B.A., F.M., L.R.-T., J.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona; Medical Sciences Department (B.A., L.R.-T.), University of Girona; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.O.-C., H.S.N.), Hospital Universitario de Burgos (HUBU); CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Molecular Diagnostic Centre for Hereditary Diseases (CDGM) (J.C., J.G., L.d.J., E. López, B.C., V.V.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG) (R.T., S.B.), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (R.T., S.B.), Barcelona; National Bioinformatics Institute (R.T.), Madrid; Clinical Psychology (L.F.), Hospital de Dia de Malalties Neurodegeneratives, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona; and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (P.P.), University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Volpini
- From the Unit of Ataxias, Spastic Paraparesis, and Rare Neurological Diseases (D.G., B.A.) and Neuropsychology Unit (J.G.), Neurology Service (F.M., L.R.-T.), Nuclear Medicine Unit (M.N.), Genetic Unit, Laboratori Clinic Territorial de Girona (M.O.), and MRI Center, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI), and Radiology Department (B.B.), University Hospital "Dr. Josep Trueta," Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià; Group of Investigation in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation (D.G., B.A., F.M., L.R.-T., J.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona; Medical Sciences Department (B.A., L.R.-T.), University of Girona; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.O.-C., H.S.N.), Hospital Universitario de Burgos (HUBU); CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Molecular Diagnostic Centre for Hereditary Diseases (CDGM) (J.C., J.G., L.d.J., E. López, B.C., V.V.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG) (R.T., S.B.), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (R.T., S.B.), Barcelona; National Bioinformatics Institute (R.T.), Madrid; Clinical Psychology (L.F.), Hospital de Dia de Malalties Neurodegeneratives, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona; and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (P.P.), University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- From the Unit of Ataxias, Spastic Paraparesis, and Rare Neurological Diseases (D.G., B.A.) and Neuropsychology Unit (J.G.), Neurology Service (F.M., L.R.-T.), Nuclear Medicine Unit (M.N.), Genetic Unit, Laboratori Clinic Territorial de Girona (M.O.), and MRI Center, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI), and Radiology Department (B.B.), University Hospital "Dr. Josep Trueta," Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià; Group of Investigation in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation (D.G., B.A., F.M., L.R.-T., J.G.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona; Medical Sciences Department (B.A., L.R.-T.), University of Girona; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.O.-C., H.S.N.), Hospital Universitario de Burgos (HUBU); CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (S.O.-C., E. Lorenzo, P.P.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Molecular Diagnostic Centre for Hereditary Diseases (CDGM) (J.C., J.G., L.d.J., E. López, B.C., V.V.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG) (R.T., S.B.), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (R.T., S.B.), Barcelona; National Bioinformatics Institute (R.T.), Madrid; Clinical Psychology (L.F.), Hospital de Dia de Malalties Neurodegeneratives, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona; and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (P.P.), University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
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43
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Zhao Y, Liang X, Zhu F, Wen Y, Xu J, Yang J, Ding M, Cheng B, Ma M, Zhang L, Cheng S, Wu C, Wang S, Wang X, Ning Y, Guo X, Zhang F. A large-scale integrative analysis of GWAS and common meQTLs across whole life course identifies genes, pathways and tissue/cell types for three major psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 95:347-352. [PMID: 30339835 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder (BP) and schizophrenia (SCZ) are complex psychiatric disorders. We conducted a large-scale integrative analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and life course consistent methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs) datasets. The GWAS data of ADHD (including 20,183 cases and 35,191 controls), BP (including 7481 cases and 9250 controls) and SCZ (including 36,989 cases and 113,075 controls) were derived from published GWAS. Life course consistent meQTLs dataset was obtained from a longitudinal meQTLs analysis of 1018 mother-child pairs. Gene prioritization, pathway and tissue/cell type enrichment analysis were conducted by DEPICT. We identified multiple genes and pathways with common or disease specific effects, such as NISCH (P = 9.87 × 10-3 for BP and 2.49 × 10-6 for SCZ), ST3GAL3 (P = 1.19 × 10-2 for ADHD), and KEGG_MAPK_SIGNALING_PATHWAY (P = 1.56 × 10-3 for ADHD, P = 4.71 × 10-2 for BP, P = 4.60 × 10-4 for SCZ). Our study provides novel clues for understanding the genetic mechanism of ADHD, BP and SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yan Wen
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Miao Ding
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Bolun Cheng
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Mei Ma
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Shiqiang Cheng
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Cuiyan Wu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yujie Ning
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiong Guo
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.
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44
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Santos-Cortez RLP, Khan V, Khan FS, Mughal ZUN, Chakchouk I, Lee K, Rasheed M, Hamza R, Acharya A, Ullah E, Saqib MAN, Abbe I, Ali G, Hassan MJ, Khan S, Azeem Z, Ullah I, Bamshad MJ, Nickerson DA, Schrauwen I, Ahmad W, Ansar M, Leal SM. Novel candidate genes and variants underlying autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorders with intellectual disability. Hum Genet 2018; 137:735-752. [PMID: 30167849 PMCID: PMC6201268 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1928-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Identification of Mendelian genes for neurodevelopmental disorders using exome sequencing to study autosomal recessive (AR) consanguineous pedigrees has been highly successful. To identify causal variants for syndromic and non-syndromic intellectual disability (ID), exome sequencing was performed using DNA samples from 22 consanguineous Pakistani families with ARID, of which 21 have additional phenotypes including microcephaly. To aid in variant identification, homozygosity mapping and linkage analysis were performed. DNA samples from affected family member(s) from every pedigree underwent exome sequencing. Identified rare damaging exome variants were tested for co-segregation with ID using Sanger sequencing. For seven ARID families, variants were identified in genes not previously associated with ID, including: EI24, FXR1 and TET3 for which knockout mouse models have brain defects; and CACNG7 and TRAPPC10 where cell studies suggest roles in important neural pathways. For two families, the novel ARID genes CARNMT1 and GARNL3 lie within previously reported ID microdeletion regions. We also observed homozygous variants in two ID candidate genes, GRAMD1B and TBRG1, for which each has been previously reported in a single family. An additional 14 families have homozygous variants in established ID genes, of which 11 variants are novel. All ARID genes have increased expression in specific structures of the developing and adult human brain and 91% of the genes are differentially expressed in utero or during early childhood. The identification of novel ARID candidate genes and variants adds to the knowledge base that is required to further understand human brain function and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regie Lyn P Santos-Cortez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza 700D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Ave., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Valeed Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Falak Sher Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zaib-Un-Nisa Mughal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Imen Chakchouk
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza 700D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kwanghyuk Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza 700D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Memoona Rasheed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Rifat Hamza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Anushree Acharya
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza 700D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ehsan Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif Nadeem Saqib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Pakistan Health Research Council, Shahrah-e-Jamhuriat, G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Izoduwa Abbe
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza 700D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ghazanfar Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawad Hassan
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saadullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Azeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Azad Jammu and Kashmir Medical College, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Foege Building S-250, 3720 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Foege Building S-250, 3720 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Isabelle Schrauwen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza 700D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Suzanne M Leal
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza 700D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Pilotto F, Saxena S. Epidemiology of inherited cerebellar ataxias and challenges in clinical research. CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2514183x18785258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pilotto
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Smita Saxena
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Kumari R, Kumar D, Brahmachari SK, Srivastava AK, Faruq M, Mukerji M. Paradigm for disease deconvolution in rare neurodegenerative disorders in Indian population: insights from studies in cerebellar ataxias. J Genet 2018; 97:589-609. [PMID: 30027898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxias are a group of rare progressive neurodegenerative disorders with an average prevalence ranges from 4.8 to 13.8 in 100,000 individuals. The inherited disorders affect multiple members of the families, or a community that is endogamous or consanguineous. Presence of more than 3000 mutations in different genes with overlapping clinical symptoms, genetic anticipation and pleiotropy, as well as incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity due to modifiers pose challenges in genotype-phenotype correlation. Development of a diagnostic algorithm could reduce the time as well as cost in clinicogenetic diagnostics and also help in reducing the economic and social burden of the disease. In a unique research collaboration spanning over 20 years, we have been able to develop a paradigm for studying cerebellar ataxias in the Indian population which would also be relevant in other rare diseases. This has involved clinical and genetic analysis of thousands of families from diverse Indian populations. The extensive resource on ataxia has led to the development of a clinicogenetic algorithm for cost-effective screening of ataxia and a unique ataxia clinic in the tertiary referral centre in All India Institute of Medical Sciences. Utilizing a population polymorphism scanning approach, we have been able to dissect the mechanisms of repeat instability and expansion in many ataxias, and also identify founders, and trace the mutational histories in the Indian population. This provides information for genetic testing of at-risk as well as protected individuals and populations. To dissect uncharacterized cases which comprises more than 50% of the cases, we have explored the potential of next-generation sequencing technologies coupled with the extensive resource of baseline data generated in-house and other public domains. We have also developed a repository of patient-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells, lymphoblastoid cell lines and neuronal lineages (derived from iPSCs) for ascribing functionality to novel genes/mutations. Through integrating these technologies, novel genes have been identified that has broadened the diagnostic panel, increased the diagnostic yield to over 75%, helped in ascribing pathogenicity to novel mutations and enabled understanding of disease mechanisms. It has also provided a platform for testing novel molecules for amelioration of pathophysiological phenotypes. This review through a perspective on CAs suggests a generic paradigm fromdiagnostics to therapeutic interventions for rare disorders in the context of heterogeneous Indian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Kumari
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 025, India. E-mail:
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47
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Kumari R, Kumar D, Brahmachari SK, Srivastava AK, Faruq M, Mukerji M. Paradigm for disease deconvolution in rare neurodegenerative disorders in Indian population: insights from studies in cerebellar ataxias. J Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-018-0948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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48
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Wen JX, Li XQ, Chang Y. Signature Gene Identification of Cancer Occurrence and Pattern Recognition. J Comput Biol 2018; 25:907-916. [PMID: 29957033 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2017.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify signature genes for the pathogenesis of cancer, which provides a theoretical support for prevention and early diagnosis of cancer. The pattern recognition method was used to analyze the genome-wide gene expression data, which was collected from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. For the transcription of invasive breast carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, renal clear-cell carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma of the seven cancers, the signature genes were selected by means of a combination of statistical methods, such as correlation, t-test, confidence interval, etc. Modeling by artificial neural network model, the accuracy can be as high as 98% for the TCGA data and as high as 92% for the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) independent data, the recognition accuracy of stage I is more than 95%, which is higher compared with the previous study. The common genes emerging in five cancers were obtained from the signature genes of seven cancers, PID1, and SPTBN2. At the same time, we obtain three common pathways of cancer by using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes' pathway analysis. A functional analysis of the pathways shows their close relationship at the level of gene regulation, which indicted that the identified signature genes play an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer and is very important for understanding the pathogenesis of cancer and the early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xin Wen
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qin Li
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology , Beijing, P.R. China
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49
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Sun M, Johnson AK, Nelakuditi V, Guidugli L, Fischer D, Arndt K, Ma L, Sandford E, Shakkottai V, Boycott K, Chardon JW, Li Z, Del Gaudio D, Burmeister M, Gomez CM, Waggoner DJ, Das S. Targeted exome analysis identifies the genetic basis of disease in over 50% of patients with a wide range of ataxia-related phenotypes. Genet Med 2018; 21:195-206. [PMID: 29915382 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the impact of a targeted exome approach for the molecular diagnosis of patients nationwide with a wide range of ataxia-related phenotypes. METHODS One hundred and seventy patients with ataxia of unknown etiology referred from clinics throughout the United States and Canada were studied using a targeted exome approach. Patients ranged in age from 2 to 88 years. Analysis was focused on 441 curated genes associated with ataxia and ataxia-like conditions. RESULTS Pathogenic and suspected diagnostic variants were identified in 88 of the 170 patients, providing a positive molecular diagnostic rate of 52%. Forty-six different genes were implicated, with the six most commonly mutated genes being SPG7, SYNE1, ADCK3, CACNA1A, ATP1A3, and SPTBN2, which accounted for >40% of the positive cases. In many cases a diagnosis was provided for conditions that were not suspected and resulted in the broadening of the clinical spectrum of several conditions. CONCLUSION Exome sequencing with targeted analysis provides a high-yield approach for the genetic diagnosis of ataxia-related conditions. This is the largest targeted exome study performed to date in patients with ataxia and ataxia-like conditions and represents patients with a wide range of ataxia phenotypes typically encountered in neurology and genetics clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Sun
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy Knight Johnson
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Lucia Guidugli
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Fischer
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kelly Arndt
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lan Ma
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erin Sandford
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vikram Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kym Boycott
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jodi Warman Chardon
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,The Ottawa Hospital/OHRI, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Zejuan Li
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniela Del Gaudio
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Margit Burmeister
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Darrel J Waggoner
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Soma Das
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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50
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Nuovo S, Micalizzi A, D'Arrigo S, Ginevrino M, Biagini T, Mazza T, Valente EM. Between SCA5 and SCAR14: delineation of the SPTBN2 p.R480W-associated phenotype. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:928-929. [PMID: 29795474 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nuovo
- Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Stefano D'Arrigo
- Developmental Neurology Division, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Monia Ginevrino
- Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Deparment of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Biagini
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy. .,Deparment of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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