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Scanlan JL, Robin C. Phylogenomics of the Ecdysteroid Kinase-like (EcKL) Gene Family in Insects Highlights Roles in Both Steroid Hormone Metabolism and Detoxification. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae019. [PMID: 38291829 PMCID: PMC10859841 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary dynamics of large gene families can offer important insights into the functions of their individual members. While the ecdysteroid kinase-like (EcKL) gene family has previously been linked to the metabolism of both steroid molting hormones and xenobiotic toxins, the functions of nearly all EcKL genes are unknown, and there is little information on their evolution across all insects. Here, we perform comprehensive phylogenetic analyses on a manually annotated set of EcKL genes from 140 insect genomes, revealing the gene family is comprised of at least 13 subfamilies that differ in retention and stability. Our results show the only two genes known to encode ecdysteroid kinases belong to different subfamilies and therefore ecdysteroid metabolism functions must be spread throughout the EcKL family. We provide comparative phylogenomic evidence that EcKLs are involved in detoxification across insects, with positive associations between family size and dietary chemical complexity, and we also find similar evidence for the cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase gene families. Unexpectedly, we find that the size of the clade containing a known ecdysteroid kinase is positively associated with host plant taxonomic diversity in Lepidoptera, possibly suggesting multiple functional shifts between hormone and xenobiotic metabolism. Our evolutionary analyses provide hypotheses of function and a robust framework for future experimental studies of the EcKL gene family. They also open promising new avenues for exploring the genomic basis of dietary adaptation in insects, including the classically studied coevolution of butterflies with their host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack L Scanlan
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Charles Robin
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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2
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Allen MC, Ritchie MW, El-Saadi MI, MacMillan HA. Effects of a high cholesterol diet on chill tolerance are highly context-dependent in Drosophila. J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103789. [PMID: 38340464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Chill susceptible insects are thought to be injured through different mechanisms depending on the duration and severity of chilling. While chronic chilling causes "indirect" injury through disruption of metabolic and ion homeostasis, acute chilling is suspected to cause "direct" injury, in part through phase transitions of cell membrane lipids. Dietary supplementation of cholesterol can reduce acute chilling injury in Drosophila melanogaster (Shreve et al., 2007), but the generality of this effect and the mechanisms underlying it remain unclear. To better understand how and why cholesterol has this effect, we assessed how a high cholesterol diet and thermal acclimation independently and interactively impact several measures of chill tolerance. Cholesterol supplementation positively affected tolerance to acute chilling in warm-acclimated flies (as reported previously). Conversely, feeding on the high-cholesterol diet negatively affected tolerance to chronic chilling in both cold and warm acclimated flies, as well as tolerance to acute chilling in cold acclimated flies. Cholesterol had no effect on the ability of flies to remain active in the cold or recover movement after a cold stress. Our findings support the idea that dietary cholesterol reduces mechanical injury to membranes caused by direct chilling injury, and that acute and chronic chilling are associated with distinct mechanisms of injury. Feeding on a high-cholesterol diet may interfere with mechanisms involved in cold acclimation, leaving cholesterol augmented flies more susceptible to chilling injury under some conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell C Allen
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Marshall W Ritchie
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Mahmoud I El-Saadi
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Heath A MacMillan
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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3
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Qu S, Zhou X, Wang Z, Wei Y, Zhou H, Zhang X, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Yang Q, Jiang L, Ma Y, Gao Y, Kong L, Zhang L. The effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on Drosophila brain at single-cell resolution and potential drug repurposing for ADHD treatment. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:165-185. [PMID: 37957291 PMCID: PMC11078728 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The stimulant methylphenidate (MPH) and the non-stimulant atomoxetine (ATX) are frequently used for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, the function of these drugs in different types of brain cells and their effects on related genes remain largely unknown. To address these questions, we built a pipeline for the simultaneous examination of the activity behavior and transcriptional responses of Drosophila melanogaster at single-cell resolution following drug treatment. We selected the Drosophila with significantly increased locomotor activities (hyperactivity-like behavior) following the administration of each drug in comparison with the control (same food as the drug-treated groups with 5% sucrose, yeast, and blue food dye solution) using EasyFlyTracker. Subsequently, single cell RNA sequencing (scRNASEQ) was used to capture the transcriptome of 82,917 cells, unsupervised clustering analysis of which yielded 28 primary cell clusters representing the major cell types in adult Drosophila brain. Indeed, both neuronal and glial cells responded to MPH and ATX. Further analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed distinct transcriptional changes associated with these two drugs, such as two well-studied dopamine receptor genes (Dop2R and DopEcR) were responsive to MPH but not to ATX at their optimal doses, in addition to genes involved in dopamine metabolism pathways such as Syt1, Sytalpha, Syt7, and Ih in different cell types. More importantly, MPH also suppressed the expression of genes encoding other neurotransmitter receptors and synaptic signaling molecules in many cell types, especially those for Glu and GABA, while the responsive effects of ATX were much weaker. In addition to monoaminergic neuronal transmitters, other neurotransmitters have also shown a similar pattern with respect to a stronger effect associated with MPH than with ATX. Moreover, we identified four distinct glial cell subtypes responsive to the two drugs and detected a greater number of differentially expressed genes associated with ensheathing and astrocyte-like glia. Furthermore, our study provides a rich resource of candidate target genes, supported by drug set enrichment analysis (P = 2.10E-4; hypergeometric test), for the further exploration of drug repurposing. The whole list of candidates can be found at ADHDrug ( http://adhdrug.cibr.ac.cn/ ). In conclusion, we propose a fast and cost-efficient pipeline to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of ADHD drug treatment in Drosophila brain at single-cell resolution, which may further facilitate drug repurposing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Qu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qingjie Zhu
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmin Wang
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Quanjun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Likun Jiang
- Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Kong
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
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4
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Ju L, Glastad KM, Sheng L, Gospocic J, Kingwell CJ, Davidson SM, Kocher SD, Bonasio R, Berger SL. Hormonal gatekeeping via the blood-brain barrier governs caste-specific behavior in ants. Cell 2023; 186:4289-4309.e23. [PMID: 37683635 PMCID: PMC10807403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, we reveal an unanticipated role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in regulating complex social behavior in ants. Using scRNA-seq, we find localization in the BBB of a key hormone-degrading enzyme called juvenile hormone esterase (Jhe), and we show that this localization governs the level of juvenile hormone (JH3) entering the brain. Manipulation of the Jhe level reprograms the brain transcriptome between ant castes. Although ant Jhe is retained and functions intracellularly within the BBB, we show that Drosophila Jhe is naturally extracellular. Heterologous expression of ant Jhe into the Drosophila BBB alters behavior in fly to mimic what is seen in ants. Most strikingly, manipulation of Jhe levels in ants reprograms complex behavior between worker castes. Our study thus uncovers a remarkable, potentially conserved role of the BBB serving as a molecular gatekeeper for a neurohormonal pathway that regulates social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyang Ju
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karl M Glastad
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Lihong Sheng
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Janko Gospocic
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Urology and Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Callum J Kingwell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Shawn M Davidson
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sarah D Kocher
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Roberto Bonasio
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shelley L Berger
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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5
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Vijayan V, Wang Z, Chandra V, Chakravorty A, Li R, Sarbanes SL, Akhlaghpour H, Maimon G. An internal expectation guides Drosophila egg-laying decisions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn3852. [PMID: 36306348 PMCID: PMC9616500 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn3852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
To better understand how animals make ethologically relevant decisions, we studied egg-laying substrate choice in Drosophila. We found that flies dynamically increase or decrease their egg-laying rates while exploring substrates so as to target eggs to the best, recently visited option. Visiting the best option typically yielded inhibition of egg laying on other substrates for many minutes. Our data support a model in which flies compare the current substrate's value with an internally constructed expectation on the value of available options to regulate the likelihood of laying an egg. We show that dopamine neuron activity is critical for learning and/or expressing this expectation, similar to its role in certain tasks in vertebrates. Integrating sensory experiences over minutes to generate an estimate of the quality of available options allows flies to use a dynamic reference point for judging the current substrate and might be a general way in which decisions are made.
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6
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Kamiyama T, Niwa R. Transcriptional Regulators of Ecdysteroid Biosynthetic Enzymes and Their Roles in Insect Development. Front Physiol 2022; 13:823418. [PMID: 35211033 PMCID: PMC8863297 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.823418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones are responsible for coordinating many aspects of biological processes in most multicellular organisms, including insects. Ecdysteroid, the principal insect steroid hormone, is biosynthesized from dietary cholesterol or plant sterols. In the last 20 years, a number of ecdysteroidogenic enzymes, including Noppera-bo, Neverland, Shroud, Spook/Spookier, Cyp6t3, Phantom, Disembodied, Shadow, and Shade, have been identified and characterized in molecular genetic studies using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. These enzymes are encoded by genes collectively called the Halloween genes. The transcriptional regulatory network, governed by multiple regulators of transcription, chromatin remodeling, and endoreplication, has been shown to be essential for the spatiotemporal expression control of Halloween genes in D. melanogaster. In this review, we summarize the latest information on transcriptional regulators that are crucial for controlling the expression of ecdysteroid biosynthetic enzymes and their roles in insect development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kamiyama
- College of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Niwa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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7
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Yildirim E, Curtis R, Hwangbo DS. Roles of peripheral clocks: lessons from the fly. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:263-293. [PMID: 34862983 PMCID: PMC8844272 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To adapt to and anticipate rhythmic changes in the environment such as daily light-dark and temperature cycles, internal timekeeping mechanisms called biological clocks evolved in a diverse set of organisms, from unicellular bacteria to humans. These biological clocks play critical roles in organisms' fitness and survival by temporally aligning physiological and behavioral processes to the external cues. The central clock is located in a small subset of neurons in the brain and drives daily activity rhythms, whereas most peripheral tissues harbor their own clock systems, which generate metabolic and physiological rhythms. Since the discovery of Drosophila melanogaster clock mutants in the early 1970s, the fruit fly has become an extensively studied model organism to investigate the mechanism and functions of circadian clocks. In this review, we primarily focus on D. melanogaster to survey key discoveries and progresses made over the past two decades in our understanding of peripheral clocks. We discuss physiological roles and molecular mechanisms of peripheral clocks in several different peripheral tissues of the fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrim Yildirim
- unaffiliated, Istanbul, Turkey,Correspondence: Dae-Sung Hwangbo, Ph.D., Department of Biology, University of Louisville, 139 Life Sciences Bldg., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA. , Tel: 1-502-852-5937; Evrim Yildirim, Ph.D., Eskibostan Sok. No:6 Celebi Sitesi: A-2, Kartal, Istanbul, 34860, Turkey. , Tel: 90-546-919-02-81
| | - Rachel Curtis
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Dae-Sung Hwangbo
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Correspondence: Dae-Sung Hwangbo, Ph.D., Department of Biology, University of Louisville, 139 Life Sciences Bldg., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA. , Tel: 1-502-852-5937; Evrim Yildirim, Ph.D., Eskibostan Sok. No:6 Celebi Sitesi: A-2, Kartal, Istanbul, 34860, Turkey. , Tel: 90-546-919-02-81
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8
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Li J, Liu J, Chi B, Chen P, Liu Y. 20E and MAPK signal pathway involved in the effect of reproduction caused by cyantraniliprole in Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:63-72. [PMID: 34418274 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is a common phenomenon that insecticides affect insect reproduction and insect hormones. After cyantraniliprole treatment, the egg production and remating behavior of female Bactrocera dorsalis were affected, a phenomenon of 'hormesis' appeared, but the change at the molecular level was unknown. Therefore, we investigated the fertility, insect hormone titers and transcription levels and used RNAi to prove the function of genes, to explore the molecular mechanism of cyantraniliprole causing reproductive changes in female B. dorsalis. RESULTS LC20 treatment promoted egg production, while LC50 treatment inhibited it. Both high and low concentrations inhibited female ovaries' development and reduced the length of the ovarian tubes. Among insect hormones, only the titer of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) changed significantly. According to the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of RNA-seq, there are significant differences in insect hormone synthesis and MAPK signal pathways between treatments. Furthermore, 20E biosynthetic genes, BdVgs and BdVgR were all down-regulated, and multiple MAPK signaling pathway genes were up-regulated. Based on qRT-PCR, the expression of BdCyp307A1, BdCyp302A1, BdMEKK4 and BdMAP2K6 within 1-11 days after treatment were consistent with the change of 20E titer. The BdVg1 and BdVg2 in LC50 were still suppressed, while the LC20 returned to normal in 9-11 days. RNAi indicated that BdMEKK4 and BdMAP2K6 participated in the transcriptional regulation of BdCyp307A1 and BdCyp302A1, then affected the levels of BdVgs. CONCLUSION Cyantraniliprole affected 20E through MAPK signal pathway, causing many genes to be down-regulated during the early period but up-regulated during the late period, ultimately affecting the reproduction of B. dorsalis. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, China
| | - Baojie Chi
- Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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9
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Gospocic J, Glastad KM, Sheng L, Shields EJ, Berger SL, Bonasio R. Kr-h1 maintains distinct caste-specific neurotranscriptomes in response to socially regulated hormones. Cell 2021; 184:5807-5823.e14. [PMID: 34739833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral plasticity is key to animal survival. Harpegnathos saltator ants can switch between worker and queen-like status (gamergate) depending on the outcome of social conflicts, providing an opportunity to study how distinct behavioral states are achieved in adult brains. Using social and molecular manipulations in live ants and ant neuronal cultures, we show that ecdysone and juvenile hormone drive molecular and functional differences in the brains of workers and gamergates and direct the transcriptional repressor Kr-h1 to different target genes. Depletion of Kr-h1 in the brain caused de-repression of "socially inappropriate" genes: gamergate genes were upregulated in workers, whereas worker genes were upregulated in gamergates. At the phenotypic level, loss of Kr-h1 resulted in the emergence of worker-specific behaviors in gamergates and gamergate-specific traits in workers. We conclude that Kr-h1 is a transcription factor that maintains distinct brain states established in response to socially regulated hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janko Gospocic
- Epigenetics Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Urology and Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karl M Glastad
- Epigenetics Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lihong Sheng
- Epigenetics Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emily J Shields
- Epigenetics Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Urology and Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shelley L Berger
- Epigenetics Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Roberto Bonasio
- Epigenetics Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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10
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Shihan M, Novoyatleva T, Lehmeyer T, Sydykov A, Schermuly RT. Role of the Purinergic P2Y2 Receptor in Pulmonary Hypertension. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111009. [PMID: 34769531 PMCID: PMC8582672 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH), is a fatal disease that is characterized by vasoconstriction, increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries, and right heart failure. PAH can be described by abnormal vascular remodeling, hyperproliferation in the vasculature, endothelial cell dysfunction, and vascular tone dysregulation. The disease pathomechanisms, however, are as yet not fully understood at the molecular level. Purinergic receptors P2Y within the G-protein-coupled receptor family play a major role in fluid shear stress transduction, proliferation, migration, and vascular tone regulation in systemic circulation, but less is known about their contribution in PAH. Hence, studies that focus on purinergic signaling are of great importance for the identification of new therapeutic targets in PAH. Interestingly, the role of P2Y2 receptors has not yet been sufficiently studied in PAH, whereas the relevance of other P2Ys as drug targets for PAH was shown using specific agonists or antagonists. In this review, we will shed light on P2Y receptors and focus more on the P2Y2 receptor as a potential novel player in PAH and as a new therapeutic target for disease management.
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11
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Lee SS, Adams ME. Regulation of Drosophila Long-Term Courtship Memory by Ecdysis Triggering Hormone. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:670322. [PMID: 33967686 PMCID: PMC8100193 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.670322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine state is an important determinant of learning and memory in animals. In Drosophila, rejection of male courtship overtures by mated females leads to an aversive response manifested as courtship memory. Here we report that ecdysis triggering hormone (ETH) is an obligatory enabler of long-term courtship memory (LTM). ETH deficiency suppresses LTM, whereas augmented ETH release reduces the minimum training period required for LTM induction. ETH receptor knockdown either in the mushroom body (MB) γ lobe or in octopaminergic dorsal-anterior-lateral (DAL) neurons impairs memory performance, indicating its direct action in these brain areas. Consistent with these findings, brain exposure to ETH mobilizes calcium in MB γ lobe neuropils and DAL neurons. ETH receptor (ETHR) knockdown in the corpus allatum (CA) to create juvenile hormone (JH) deficiency also suppresses LTM, as does knockdown of the JH receptor Met in the MB γ lobe, indicating a convergence of ETH and JH signaling in this region of the brain. Our findings identify endocrine-enabled neural circuit components in the brain that are critical for persistent behavioral changes resulting from aversive social experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Soo Lee
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Michael E Adams
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.,Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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12
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Kanno M, Hiramatsu S, Kondo S, Tanimoto H, Ichinose T. Voluntary intake of psychoactive substances is regulated by the dopamine receptor Dop1R1 in Drosophila. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3432. [PMID: 33564023 PMCID: PMC7873259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated motivation to consume psychoactive substances leads to addictive behaviors that often result in serious health consequences. Understanding the neuronal mechanisms that drive drug consumption is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster offers a unique opportunity to approach this problem with a battery of sophisticated neurogenetic tools available, but how they consume these drugs remains largely unknown. Here, we examined drug self-administration behavior of Drosophila and the underlying neuronal mechanisms. We measured the preference of flies for five different psychoactive substances using a two-choice feeding assay and monitored its long-term changes. We found that flies show acute preference for ethanol and methamphetamine, but not for cocaine, caffeine or morphine. Repeated intake of ethanol, but not methamphetamine, increased over time. Preference for methamphetamine and the long-term escalation of ethanol preference required the dopamine receptor Dop1R1 in the mushroom body. The protein level of Dop1R1 increased after repeated intake of ethanol, but not methamphetamine, which correlates with the acquired preference. Genetic overexpression of Dop1R1 enhanced ethanol preference. These results reveal a striking diversity of response to individual drugs in the fly and the role of dopamine signaling and its plastic changes in controlling voluntary intake of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Kanno
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shun Hiramatsu
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shu Kondo
- Invertebrate Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Hiromu Tanimoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ichinose
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan. .,Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan. .,Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan. .,Department of Neuropharmacology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
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13
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Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster males reduce courtship behaviour after mating failure. In the lab, such conditioned courtship suppression, aka 'courtship conditioning', serves as a complex learning and memory assay. Interestingly, variations in the courtship conditioning assay can establish different types of memory. Here, we review research investigating the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that allow male flies to form memories of previous mating failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Raun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Spencer Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jamie M Kramer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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14
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Zheng W, Ocorr K, Tatar M. Extracellular matrix induced by steroids and aging through a G-protein-coupled receptor in a Drosophila model of renal fibrosis. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm041301. [PMID: 32461236 PMCID: PMC7328168 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.041301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone is produced by the mammalian adrenal cortex to modulate blood pressure and fluid balance; however, excessive, prolonged aldosterone promotes fibrosis and kidney failure. How aldosterone triggers disease may involve actions independent of its canonical mineralocorticoid receptor. Here, we present a Drosophila model of renal pathology caused by excess extracellular matrix formation, stimulated by exogenous aldosterone and by insect ecdysone. Chronic administration of aldosterone or ecdysone induces expression and accumulation of collagen-like Pericardin in adult nephrocytes - podocyte-like cells that filter circulating hemolymph. Excess Pericardin deposition disrupts nephrocyte (glomerular) filtration and causes proteinuria in Drosophila, hallmarks of mammalian kidney failure. Steroid-induced Pericardin production arises from cardiomyocytes associated with nephrocytes, potentially reflecting an analogous role of mammalian myofibroblasts in fibrotic disease. Remarkably, the canonical ecdysteroid nuclear hormone receptor, Ecdysone receptor (EcR), is not required for aldosterone or ecdysone to stimulate Pericardin production or associated renal pathology. Instead, these hormones require a cardiomyocyte-associated G-protein-coupled receptor, Dopamine-EcR (DopEcR), a membrane-associated receptor previously characterized in the fly brain to affect behavior. DopEcR in the brain is known to affect behavior through interactions with the Drosophila Epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr), referred to as dEGFR. Here, we find that the steroids ecdysone and aldosterone require dEGFR in cardiomyocytes to induce fibrosis of the cardiac-renal system. In addition, endogenous ecdysone that becomes elevated with age is found to foster age-associated fibrosis, and to require both cardiomyocyte DopEcR and dEGFR. This Drosophila renal disease model reveals a novel signaling pathway through which steroids may modulate mammalian fibrosis through potential orthologs of DopEcR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zheng
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence RI 02912, USA
| | - Karen Ocorr
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, SBP Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marc Tatar
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence RI 02912, USA
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15
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Singh AS, Takhellambam MC, Cappelletti P, Feligioni M. Immediate early gene kakusei potentially plays a role in the daily foraging of honey bees. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0222256. [PMID: 32374761 PMCID: PMC7202604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
kakusei is a non-coding RNA that is overexpressed in foraging bee brain. This study describes a possible role of the IEG kakusei during the daily foraging of honey bees. kakusei was found to be transiently upregulated within two hours during rewarded foraging. Interestingly, during unrewarded foraging the gene was also found to be up-regulated, but immediately lowered when food was not rewarded. Moreover, the kakusei overexpression was diminished within a very short time when the time schedule of feeding was changed. This indicates the potential role of kakusei on the motivation of learned reward foraging. These results provide evidence for a dynamic role of kakusei during for aging of bees, and eventually its possible involvement in learning and memory. Thus the kakusei gene could be used as search tool in finding distinct molecular pathways that mediate diverse behavioral components of foraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asem Surindro Singh
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Pamela Cappelletti
- Laboratory of Neurobiology in Translational Medicine, Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Feligioni
- Laboratory of Neurobiology in Translational Medicine, Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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16
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Sun R, Delly J, Sereno E, Wong S, Chen X, Wang Y, Huang Y, Greenspan RJ. Anti-instinctive Learning Behavior Revealed by Locomotion-Triggered Mild Heat Stress in Drosophila. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:41. [PMID: 32372923 PMCID: PMC7179688 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-instinctive learning, an ability to modify an animal's innate behaviors in ways that go against one's innate tendency, can confer great evolutionary advantages to animals and enable them to better adapt to the changing environment. Yet, our understanding of anti-instinctive learning and its underlying mechanisms is still limited. In this work, we describe a new anti-instinctive learning behavior of fruit flies. This learning paradigm requires the fruit fly to respond to a recurring, aversive, mild heat stress by modifying its innate locomotion behavior. We found that experiencing movement-triggered mild heat stress repeatedly significantly reduced walking activity in wild type fruit flies, indicating that fruit flies are capable of anti-instinctive learning. We also report that such learning ability is reduced in dopamine 1-like receptor 1 (Dop1R1) null mutant and dopamine 2-like receptor (Dop2R) null mutant flies, suggesting that these two dopamine receptors are involved in mediating anti-instinctive learning in flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichen Sun
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Joseph Delly
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Emily Sereno
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sean Wong
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yan Huang
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ralph J Greenspan
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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17
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Petruccelli E, Lark A, Mrkvicka JA, Kitamoto T. Significance of DopEcR, a G-protein coupled dopamine/ecdysteroid receptor, in physiological and behavioral response to stressors. J Neurogenet 2020; 34:55-68. [PMID: 31955616 PMCID: PMC7717672 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2019.1710144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Organisms respond to various environmental stressors by modulating physiology and behavior to maintain homeostasis. Steroids and catecholamines are involved in the highly conserved signaling pathways crucial for mounting molecular and cellular events that ensure immediate or long-term survival under stress conditions. The insect dopamine/ecdysteroid receptor (DopEcR) is a dual G-protein coupled receptor for the catecholamine dopamine and the steroid hormone ecdysone. DopEcR acts in a ligand-dependent manner, mediating dopaminergic signaling and unconventional "nongenomic" ecdysteroid actions through various intracellular signaling pathways. This unique feature of DopEcR raises the interesting possibility that DopEcR may serve as an integrative hub for complex molecular cascades activated under stress conditions. Here, we review previously published studies of Drosophila DopEcR in the context of stress response and also present newly discovered DopEcR loss-of-function phenotypes under different stress conditions. These findings provide corroborating evidence that DopEcR plays vital roles in responses to various stressors, including heat, starvation, alcohol, courtship rejection, and repeated neuronal stimulation in Drosophila. We further discuss what is known about DopEcR in other insects and DopEcR orthologs in mammals, implicating their roles in stress responses. Overall, this review highlights the importance of dual GPCRs for catecholamines and steroids in modulating physiology and behavior under stress conditions. Further multidisciplinary studies of Drosophila DopEcR will contribute to our basic understanding of the functional roles and underlying mechanisms of this class of GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Petruccelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| | - Arianna Lark
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - James A Mrkvicka
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Toshihiro Kitamoto
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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18
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A Feedforward Circuit Regulates Action Selection of Pre-mating Courtship Behavior in Female Drosophila. Curr Biol 2020; 30:396-407.e4. [PMID: 31902724 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the early phase of courtship, female fruit flies exhibit an acute rejection response to avoid unfavorable mating. This pre-mating rejection response is evolutionarily paralleled across species, but the molecular and neuronal basis of that behavior is unclear. Here, we show that a putative incoherent feedforward circuit comprising ellipsoid body neurons, cholinergic R4d, and its repressor GABAergic R2/R4m neurons regulates the pre-mating rejection response in the virgin female Drosophila melanogaster. Both R4d and R2/R4m are positively regulated, via specific dopamine receptors, by a subset of neurons in the dopaminergic PPM3 cluster. Genetic deprivation of GABAergic signal via GABAA receptor RNA interference in this circuit induces a massive rejection response, whereas activation of GABAergic R2/R4m or suppression of cholinergic R4d increases receptivity. Moreover, glutamatergic signaling via N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors induces NO-mediated retrograde regulation potentially from R4d to R2/R4m, likely providing flexible control of the behavioral switching from rejection to acceptance. Our study elucidates the molecular and neural mechanisms regulating the behavioral selection process of the pre-mating female.
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19
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Nuñez FJ, Johnstone TB, Corpuz ML, Kazarian AG, Mohajer NN, Tliba O, Panettieri RA, Koziol-White C, Roosan MR, Ostrom RS. Glucocorticoids rapidly activate cAMP production via G αs to initiate non-genomic signaling that contributes to one-third of their canonical genomic effects. FASEB J 2019; 34:2882-2895. [PMID: 31908022 PMCID: PMC7027561 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902521r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are widely used for the suppression of inflammation, but evidence is growing that they can have rapid, non-genomic actions that have been unappreciated. Diverse cell signaling effects have been reported for glucocorticoids, leading us to hypothesize that glucocorticoids alone can swiftly increase the 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production. We found that prednisone, fluticasone, budesonide, and progesterone each increased cAMP levels within 3 minutes without phosphodiesterase inhibitors by measuring real-time cAMP dynamics using the cAMP difference detector in situ assay in a variety of immortalized cell lines and primary human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells. A membrane- impermeable glucocorticoid showed similarly rapid stimulation of cAMP, implying that responses are initiated at the cell surface. siRNA knockdown of Gαs virtually eliminated glucocorticoid-stimulated cAMP responses, suggesting that these drugs activate the cAMP production via a G protein-coupled receptor. Estradiol had small effects on cAMP levels but G protein estrogen receptor antagonists had little effect on responses to any of the glucocorticoids tested. The genomic and non-genomic actions of budesonide were analyzed by RNA-Seq analysis of 24 hours treated HASM, with and without knockdown of Gαs . A 140-gene budesonide signature was identified, of which 48 genes represent a non-genomic signature that requires Gαs signaling. Collectively, this non-genomic cAMP signaling modality contributes to one-third of the gene expression changes induced by glucocorticoid treatment and shifts the view of how this important class of drugs exerts its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Nuñez
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Timothy B Johnstone
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Maia L Corpuz
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Austin G Kazarian
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nicole N Mohajer
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Omar Tliba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, USA
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Cynthia Koziol-White
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Moom R Roosan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rennolds S Ostrom
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, USA
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20
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Kang XL, Zhang JY, Wang D, Zhao YM, Han XL, Wang JX, Zhao XF. The steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone binds to dopamine receptor to repress lepidopteran insect feeding and promote pupation. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008331. [PMID: 31412019 PMCID: PMC6693746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Holometabolous insects stop feeding at the final larval instar stage and then undergo metamorphosis; however, the mechanism is unclear. In the present study, using the serious lepidopteran agricultural pest Helicoverpa armigera as a model, we revealed that 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) binds to the dopamine receptor (DopEcR), a G protein-coupled receptor, to stop larval feeding and promote pupation. DopEcR was expressed in various tissues and its level increased during metamorphic molting under 20E regulation. The 20E titer was low during larval feeding stages and high during wandering stages. By contrast, the dopamine (DA) titer was high during larval feeding stages and low during the wandering stages. Injection of 20E or blocking dopamine receptors using the inhibitor flupentixol decreased larval food consumption and body weight. Knockdown of DopEcR repressed larval feeding, growth, and pupation. 20E, via DopEcR, promoted apoptosis; and DA, via DopEcR, induced cell proliferation. 20E opposed DA function by repressing DA-induced cell proliferation and AKT phosphorylation. 20E, via DopEcR, induced gene expression and a rapid increase in intracellular calcium ions and cAMP. 20E induced the interaction of DopEcR with G proteins αs and αq. 20E, via DopEcR, induced protein phosphorylation and binding of the EcRB1-USP1 transcription complex to the ecdysone response element. DopEcR could bind 20E inside the cell membrane or after being isolated from the cell membrane. Mutation of DopEcR decreased 20E binding levels and related cellular responses. 20E competed with DA to bind to DopEcR. The results of the present study suggested that 20E, via binding to DopEcR, arrests larval feeding and promotes pupation. The steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) represses insect larval feeding and promotes metamorphosis; however, the mechanism is unclear. The dopamine receptor plays important roles in animal motor function and reward-motivated behavior. Using the serious lepidopteran agricultural pest Helicoverpa armigera as a model, we revealed that 20E binds to DopEcR to block the dopamine pathway and initiates the 20E pathway. Dopamine (DA) binds to the dopamine receptor (DopEcR), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), to regulate cell proliferation, larval feeding, and growth. However, 20E competes with DA to bind to DopEcR, which represses larval feeding and triggers the 20E-pathway, leading to metamorphosis. The results suggested that 20E, via binding to DopEcR, stops larval feeding and promotes pupation, which presented an example of the steroid hormone regulating dopamine receptor and behavior. Our study showed that GPCRs can bind 20E and function as 20E cell membrane receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Le Kang
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of animal cells and developmental biology, School of life science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun-Ying Zhang
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of animal cells and developmental biology, School of life science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Di Wang
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of animal cells and developmental biology, School of life science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Meng Zhao
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of animal cells and developmental biology, School of life science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Han
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of animal cells and developmental biology, School of life science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of animal cells and developmental biology, School of life science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of animal cells and developmental biology, School of life science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
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21
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Karam CS, Jones SK, Javitch JA. Come Fly with Me: An overview of dopamine receptors in Drosophila melanogaster. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 126 Suppl 6:56-65. [PMID: 31219669 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) receptors play critical roles in a wide range of behaviours, including sensory processing, motor function, reward and arousal. As such, aberrant DA signalling is associated with numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which DA neurotransmission drives intracellular signalling pathways that modulate behaviour can provide critical insights to guide the development of targeted therapeutics. Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a powerful model with unique advantages to study the mechanisms underlying DA neurotransmission and associated behaviours in a controlled and systematic manner. Many regions in the fly brain innervated by dopaminergic neurons have been mapped and linked to specific behaviours, including associative learning and arousal. Here, we provide an overview of the homology between human and Drosophila dopaminergic systems and review the current literature on the pharmacology, molecular signalling mechanisms and behavioural outcome of DA receptor activation in the Drosophila brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caline S Karam
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, New York, USA.,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Sandra K Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, New York, USA.,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, New York, USA.,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, New York, USA
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22
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van Bergen E, Beldade P. Seasonal plasticity in anti-predatory strategies: Matching of color and color preference for effective crypsis. Evol Lett 2019; 3:313-320. [PMID: 31171986 PMCID: PMC6546441 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective anti-predatory strategies typically require matching appearance and behavior in prey, and there are many compelling examples of behavioral repertoires that enhance the effectiveness of morphological defenses. When protective adult morphology is induced by developmental environmental conditions predictive of future predation risk, adult behavior should be adjusted accordingly to maximize predator avoidance. While behavior is typically strongly affected by the adult environment, developmental plasticity in adult behavior-mediated by the same pre-adult environmental cues that affect morphology-could ensure an effective match between anti-predatory morphology and behavior. The coordination of environmentally induced responses may be especially important in populations exposed to predictable environmental fluctuations (e.g., seasonality). Here, we studied early and late life environmental effects on a suite of traits expected to work together for effective crypsis. We focused on wing color and background color preference in Bicyclus anynana, a model of developmental plasticity that relies on crypsis as a seasonal strategy for predator avoidance. Using a full-factorial design, we disentangled effects of developmental and adult ambient temperature on both appearance and behavior. We showed that developmental conditions affect both adult color and color preference, with temperatures that simulate natural dry season conditions leading to browner butterflies with a perching preference for brown backgrounds. This effect was stronger in females, especially when butterflies were tested at lower ambient temperatures. In contrast to the expectation that motionlessness enhances crypsis, we found no support for our hypothesis that the browner dry-season butterflies would be less active. We argue that the integration of developmental plasticity for morphological and behavioral traits might improve the effectiveness of seasonal anti-predatory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik van Bergen
- Instituto Gulbenkian de CiênciaOeirasPortugal
- Current address: Research Centre for Ecological Change, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Patrícia Beldade
- Instituto Gulbenkian de CiênciaOeirasPortugal
- UMR5174 ‐ CNRS, Evolution et Diversité BiologiqueUniversité Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
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23
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Shih MFM, Davis FP, Henry GL, Dubnau J. Nuclear Transcriptomes of the Seven Neuronal Cell Types That Constitute the Drosophila Mushroom Bodies. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:81-94. [PMID: 30397017 PMCID: PMC6325895 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The insect mushroom body (MB) is a conserved brain structure that plays key roles in a diverse array of behaviors. The Drosophila melanogaster MB is the primary invertebrate model of neural circuits related to memory formation and storage, and its development, morphology, wiring, and function has been extensively studied. MBs consist of intrinsic Kenyon Cells that are divided into three major neuron classes (γ, α'/β' and α/β) and 7 cell subtypes (γd, γm, α'/β'ap, α'/β'm, α/βp, α/βs and α/βc) based on their birth order, morphology, and connectivity. These subtypes play distinct roles in memory processing, however the underlying transcriptional differences are unknown. Here, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to profile the nuclear transcriptomes of each MB neuronal cell subtypes. We identified 350 MB class- or subtype-specific genes, including the widely used α/β class marker Fas2 and the α'/β' class marker trio Immunostaining corroborates the RNA-seq measurements at the protein level for several cases. Importantly, our data provide a full accounting of the neurotransmitter receptors, transporters, neurotransmitter biosynthetic enzymes, neuropeptides, and neuropeptide receptors expressed within each of these cell types. This high-quality, cell type-level transcriptome catalog for the Drosophila MB provides a valuable resource for the fly neuroscience community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fred Pejman Davis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA; National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gilbert Lee Henry
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
| | - Josh Dubnau
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook School of Medicine; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
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24
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Mushroom Body Specific Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Dynamic Regulation of Learning and Memory Genes After Acquisition of Long-Term Courtship Memory in Drosophila. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:3433-3446. [PMID: 30158319 PMCID: PMC6222587 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The formation and recall of long-term memory (LTM) requires neuron activity-induced gene expression. Transcriptome analysis has been used to identify genes that have altered expression after memory acquisition, however, we still have an incomplete picture of the transcriptional changes that are required for LTM formation. The complex spatial and temporal dynamics of memory formation creates significant challenges in defining memory-relevant gene expression changes. The Drosophila mushroom body (MB) is a signaling hub in the insect brain that integrates sensory information to form memories across several different experimental memory paradigms. Here, we performed transcriptome analysis in the MB at two time points after the acquisition of LTM: 1 hr and 24 hr. The MB transcriptome was compared to biologically paired whole head (WH) transcriptomes. In both, we identified more transcript level changes at 1 hr after memory acquisition (WH = 322, MB = 302) than at 24 hr (WH = 23, MB = 20). WH samples showed downregulation of developmental genes and upregulation of sensory response genes. In contrast, MB samples showed vastly different changes in transcripts involved in biological processes that are specifically related to LTM. MB-downregulated genes were highly enriched for metabolic function. MB-upregulated genes were highly enriched for known learning and memory processes, including calcium-mediated neurotransmitter release and cAMP signaling. The neuron activity inducible genes Hr38 and sr were also specifically induced in the MB. These results highlight the importance of sampling time and cell type in capturing biologically relevant transcript level changes involved in learning and memory. Our data suggests that MB cells transiently upregulate known memory-related pathways after memory acquisition and provides a critical frame of reference for further investigation into the role of MB-specific gene regulation in memory.
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25
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Big Lessons from Tiny Flies: Drosophila melanogaster as a Model to Explore Dysfunction of Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Neurotransmitter Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061788. [PMID: 29914172 PMCID: PMC6032372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain of Drosophila melanogaster is comprised of some 100,000 neurons, 127 and 80 of which are dopaminergic and serotonergic, respectively. Their activity regulates behavioral functions equivalent to those in mammals, e.g., motor activity, reward and aversion, memory formation, feeding, sexual appetite, etc. Mammalian dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons are known to be heterogeneous. They differ in their projections and in their gene expression profile. A sophisticated genetic tool box is available, which allows for targeting virtually any gene with amazing precision in Drosophila melanogaster. Similarly, Drosophila genes can be replaced by their human orthologs including disease-associated alleles. Finally, genetic manipulation can be restricted to single fly neurons. This has allowed for addressing the role of individual neurons in circuits, which determine attraction and aversion, sleep and arousal, odor preference, etc. Flies harboring mutated human orthologs provide models which can be interrogated to understand the effect of the mutant protein on cell fate and neuronal connectivity. These models are also useful for proof-of-concept studies to examine the corrective action of therapeutic strategies. Finally, experiments in Drosophila can be readily scaled up to an extent, which allows for drug screening with reasonably high throughput.
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A biphasic locomotor response to acute unsignaled high temperature exposure in Drosophila. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198702. [PMID: 29883493 PMCID: PMC5993278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Unsignaled stress can have profound effects on animal behavior. While most investigation of stress-effects on behavior follows chronic exposures, less is understood about acute exposures and potential after-effects. We examined walking activity in Drosophila following acute exposure to high temperature or electric shock. Compared to initial walking activity, flies first increase walking with exposure to high temperatures then have a strong reduction in activity. These effects are related to the intensity of the high temperature and number of exposures. The reduction in walking activity following high temperature and electric shock exposures survives context changes and lasts at least five hours. Reduction in the function of the biogenic amines octopamine / tyramine and serotonin both strongly blunt the increase in locomotor activity with high temperature exposure. However, neither set of biogenic amines alter the long lasting depression in walking activity after exposure.
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Zheng W, Rus F, Hernandez A, Kang P, Goldman W, Silverman N, Tatar M. Dehydration triggers ecdysone-mediated recognition-protein priming and elevated anti-bacterial immune responses in Drosophila Malpighian tubule renal cells. BMC Biol 2018; 16:60. [PMID: 29855367 PMCID: PMC5984326 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0532-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drosophila is a powerful model for the study of factors modulating innate immunity. This study examines the effect of water-loss dehydration on innate immune responsiveness in the Drosophila renal system (Malpighian tubules; MTs), and how this leads to elevated host defense and contributes to immunosenescence. Results A short period of desiccation-elevated peptidoglycan recognition protein-LC (PGRP-LC) expression in MTs, increased antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene induction, and protected animals from bacterial infection. We show that desiccation increased ecdysone synthesis in MTs, while inhibition of ecdysone synthesis or ecdysone receptor expression, specifically within MTs, prevented induction of PGRP-LC and reduced protection from bacterial infection. Additionally, aged flies are constitutively water-stressed and have elevated levels of ecdysone and PGRP-LC. Conversely, adults aged at high relative humidity show less water loss and have reduced expression of PGRP-LC and AMPs. Conclusions The Drosophila renal system is an important contributor to host defense and can modulate immune responses in an organ autonomous manner, responding to environmental changes such as desiccation. Desiccation primes immune responsiveness by elevating PGRP-LC expression specifically in MTs. In response to desiccation, ecdysone is produced in MTs and acts in a paracrine fashion to increase PGRP-LC expression, immune responsiveness, and improve host defense. This activity of the renal system may contribute to the immunosenescence observed in Drosophila. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-018-0532-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zheng
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Florentina Rus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Massachusetts, Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ana Hernandez
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ping Kang
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - William Goldman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Neal Silverman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Massachusetts, Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Marc Tatar
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Sekiya M, Wang M, Fujisaki N, Sakakibara Y, Quan X, Ehrlich ME, De Jager PL, Bennett DA, Schadt EE, Gandy S, Ando K, Zhang B, Iijima KM. Integrated biology approach reveals molecular and pathological interactions among Alzheimer's Aβ42, Tau, TREM2, and TYROBP in Drosophila models. Genome Med 2018; 10:26. [PMID: 29598827 PMCID: PMC5875009 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-018-0530-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral amyloidosis, neuroinflammation, and tauopathy are key features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but interactions among these features remain poorly understood. Our previous multiscale molecular network models of AD revealed TYROBP as a key driver of an immune- and microglia-specific network that was robustly associated with AD pathophysiology. Recent genetic studies of AD further identified pathogenic mutations in both TREM2 and TYROBP. METHODS In this study, we systematically examined molecular and pathological interactions among Aβ, tau, TREM2, and TYROBP by integrating signatures from transgenic Drosophila models of AD and transcriptome-wide gene co-expression networks from two human AD cohorts. RESULTS Glial expression of TREM2/TYROBP exacerbated tau-mediated neurodegeneration and synergistically affected pathways underlying late-onset AD pathology, while neuronal Aβ42 and glial TREM2/TYROBP synergistically altered expression of the genes in synaptic function and immune modules in AD. CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive pathological and molecular data generated through this study strongly validate the causal role of TREM2/TYROBP in driving molecular networks in AD and AD-related phenotypes in flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Sekiya
- 0000 0004 1791 9005grid.419257.cDepartment of Alzheimer’s Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi 474-8511 Japan
| | - Minghui Wang
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room 8-111, Box 1498, New York, NY 10029 USA ,0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cIcahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY USA
| | - Naoki Fujisaki
- 0000 0004 1791 9005grid.419257.cDepartment of Alzheimer’s Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi 474-8511 Japan ,0000 0001 0728 1069grid.260433.0Department of Experimental Gerontology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Sakakibara
- 0000 0004 1791 9005grid.419257.cDepartment of Alzheimer’s Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi 474-8511 Japan
| | - Xiuming Quan
- 0000 0004 1791 9005grid.419257.cDepartment of Alzheimer’s Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi 474-8511 Japan
| | - Michelle E. Ehrlich
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room 8-111, Box 1498, New York, NY 10029 USA ,0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Neurology, Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- 0000 0001 2285 2675grid.239585.0Center for translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, The Neurological Institute of New York, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.66859.34Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- 0000 0001 0705 3621grid.240684.cRush Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Neurology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W. Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Eric E. Schadt
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room 8-111, Box 1498, New York, NY 10029 USA ,0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cIcahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY USA
| | - Sam Gandy
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Neurology, Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Psychiatry and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,0000 0004 5907 0628grid.480949.8Center for NFL Neurological Care, Department of Neurology, New York, NY USA ,0000 0004 0420 1184grid.274295.fJames J. Peters VA Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, New York, NY USA
| | - Kanae Ando
- 0000 0001 1090 2030grid.265074.2Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room 8-111, Box 1498, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA. .,Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Koichi M. Iijima
- 0000 0004 1791 9005grid.419257.cDepartment of Alzheimer’s Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi 474-8511 Japan ,0000 0001 0728 1069grid.260433.0Department of Experimental Gerontology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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Singh AS, Shah A, Brockmann A. Honey bee foraging induces upregulation of early growth response protein 1, hormone receptor 38 and candidate downstream genes of the ecdysteroid signalling pathway. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 27:90-98. [PMID: 28987007 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In honey bees, continuous foraging at an artificial feeder induced a sustained upregulation of the immediate early genes early growth response protein 1 (Egr-1) and hormone receptor 38 (Hr38). This gene expression response was accompanied by an upregulation of several Egr-1 candidate downstream genes: ecdysone receptor (EcR), dopamine/ecdysteroid receptor (DopEcR), dopamine decarboxylase and dopamine receptor 2. Hr38, EcR and DopEcR are components of the ecdysteroid signalling pathway, which is highly probably involved in learning and memory processes in honey bees and other insects. Time-trained foragers still showed an upregulation of Egr-1 when the feeder was presented at an earlier time of the day, suggesting that the genomic response is more dependent on the food reward than training time. However, presentation of the feeder at the training time without food was still capable of inducing a transient increase in Egr-1 expression. Thus, learnt feeder cues, or even training time, probably affect Egr-1 expression. In contrast, whole brain Egr-1 expression changes did not differ between dancing and nondancing foragers. On the basis of our results we propose that food reward induced continuous foraging ultimately elicits a genomic response involving Egr-1 and Hr38 and their downstream genes. Furthermore this genomic response is highly probably involved in foraging-related learning and memory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Singh
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
| | - A Shah
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
| | - A Brockmann
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
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Chouhan NS, Mohan K, Ghose A. cAMP signaling mediates behavioral flexibility and consolidation of social status in Drosophila aggression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:4502-4514. [PMID: 28993465 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.165811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Social rituals, such as male-male aggression in Drosophila, are often stereotyped and the component behavioral patterns modular. The likelihood of transition from one behavioral pattern to another is malleable by experience and confers flexibility to the behavioral repertoire. Experience-dependent modification of innate aggressive behavior in flies alters fighting strategies during fights and establishes dominant-subordinate relationships. Dominance hierarchies resulting from agonistic encounters are consolidated to longer-lasting, social-status-dependent behavioral modifications, resulting in a robust loser effect. We showed that cAMP dynamics regulated by the calcium-calmodulin-dependent adenylyl cyclase, Rut, and the cAMP phosphodiesterase, Dnc, but not the Amn gene product, in specific neuronal groups of the mushroom body and central complex, mediate behavioral plasticity necessary to establish dominant-subordinate relationships. rut and dnc mutant flies were unable to alter fighting strategies and establish dominance relationships during agonistic interactions. This real-time flexibility during a fight was independent of changes in aggression levels. Longer-term consolidation of social status in the form of a loser effect, however, required additional Amn-dependent inputs to cAMP signaling and involved a circuit-level association between the α/β and γ neurons of the mushroom body. Our findings implicate cAMP signaling in mediating the plasticity of behavioral patterns in aggressive behavior and in the generation of a temporally stable memory trace that manifests as a loser effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Singh Chouhan
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Krithika Mohan
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Aurnab Ghose
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
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Lim J, Fernandez AI, Hinojos SJ, Aranda GP, James J, Seong CS, Han KA. The mushroom body D1 dopamine receptor controls innate courtship drive. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 17:158-167. [PMID: 28902472 PMCID: PMC5820115 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mating is critical for species survival and is profoundly regulated by neuromodulators and neurohormones to accommodate internal states and external factors. To identify the underlying neuromodulatory mechanisms, we investigated the roles of dopamine receptors in various aspects of courtship behavior in Drosophila. Here, we report that the D1 dopamine receptor dDA1 regulates courtship drive in naïve males. The wild‐type naïve males actively courted females regardless their appearance or mating status. On the contrary, the dDA1 mutant (dumb) males exhibited substantially reduced courtship toward less appealing females including decapitated, leg‐less and mated females. The dumb male's reduced courtship activity was due to delay in courtship initiation and prolonged intervals between courtship bouts. The dampened courtship drive of dumb males was rescued by reinstated dDA1 expression in the mushroom body α/β and γ neurons but not α/β or γ neurons alone, which is distinct from the previously characterized dDA1 functions in experience‐dependent courtship or other learning and memory processes. We also found that the dopamine receptors dDA1, DAMB and dD2R are dispensable for associative memory formation and short‐term memory of conditioned courtship, thus courtship motivation and associative courtship learning and memory are regulated by distinct neuromodulatory mechanisms. Taken together, our study narrows the gap in the knowledge of the mechanism that dopamine regulates male courtship behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lim
- Neuromodulation Disorders Cluster at Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - A I Fernandez
- Neuromodulation Disorders Cluster at Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - S J Hinojos
- Neuromodulation Disorders Cluster at Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - G P Aranda
- Neuromodulation Disorders Cluster at Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - J James
- Neuromodulation Disorders Cluster at Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - C-S Seong
- Neuromodulation Disorders Cluster at Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - K-A Han
- Neuromodulation Disorders Cluster at Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
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Lee SS, Ding Y, Karapetians N, Rivera-Perez C, Noriega FG, Adams ME. Hormonal Signaling Cascade during an Early-Adult Critical Period Required for Courtship Memory Retention in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2017; 27:2798-2809.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Aranda GP, Hinojos SJ, Sabandal PR, Evans PD, Han KA. Behavioral Sensitization to the Disinhibition Effect of Ethanol Requires the Dopamine/Ecdysone Receptor in Drosophila. Front Syst Neurosci 2017; 11:56. [PMID: 28824387 PMCID: PMC5539124 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2017.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Male flies under the influence of ethanol display disinhibited courtship, which is augmented with repeated ethanol exposures. We have previously shown that dopamine is important for this type of ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here we report that DopEcR, an insect G-protein coupled receptor that binds to dopamine and steroid hormone ecdysone, is a major receptor mediating courtship sensitization. Upon daily ethanol administration, dumb and damb mutant males defective in D1 (dDA1/DopR1) and D5 (DAMB/DopR2) dopamine receptors, respectively, showed normal courtship sensitization; however, the DopEcR-deficient der males exhibited greatly diminished sensitization. der mutant males nevertheless developed normal tolerance to the sedative effect of ethanol, indicating a selective function of DopEcR in chronic ethanol-associated behavioral plasticity. DopEcR plays a physiological role in behavioral sensitization since courtship sensitization in der males was reinstated when DopEcR expression was induced during adulthood but not during development. When examined for the DopEcR’s functional site, the der mutant’s sensitization phenotype was fully rescued by restored DopEcR expression in the mushroom body (MB) αβ and γ neurons. Consistently, we observed DopEcR immunoreactivity in the MB calyx and lobes in the wild-type Canton-S brain, which was barely detectable in the der brain. Behavioral sensitization to the locomotor-stimulant effect has been serving as a model for ethanol abuse and addiction. This is the first report elucidating the mechanism underlying behavioral sensitization to another stimulant effect of ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gissel P Aranda
- Neuromodulation Disorders Cluster at Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El PasoEl Paso, TX, United States
| | - Samantha J Hinojos
- Neuromodulation Disorders Cluster at Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El PasoEl Paso, TX, United States
| | - Paul R Sabandal
- Neuromodulation Disorders Cluster at Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El PasoEl Paso, TX, United States
| | - Peter D Evans
- The Inositide Laboratory, The Babraham InstituteCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kyung-An Han
- Neuromodulation Disorders Cluster at Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El PasoEl Paso, TX, United States
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Fujinaga D, Kohmura Y, Okamoto N, Kataoka H, Mizoguchi A. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-like peptide and 20-hydroxyecdysone regulate the growth and development of the male genital disk through different mechanisms in the silkmoth, Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 87:35-44. [PMID: 28610907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that ecdysteroids play pivotal roles in the regulation of insect molting and metamorphosis. However, the mechanisms by which ecdysteroids regulate the growth and development of adult organs after pupation are poorly understood. Recently, we have identified insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-like peptides (IGFLPs), which are secreted after pupation under the control of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). In the silkmoth, Bombyx mori, massive amounts of Bombyx-IGFLP (BIGFLP) are present in the hemolymph during pupal-adult development, suggesting its importance in the regulation of adult tissue growth. Thus, we hypothesized that the growth and development of adult tissues including imaginal disks are regulated by the combined effects of BIGFLP and 20E. In this study, we investigated the growth-promoting effects of BIGFLP and 20E using the male genital disks of B. mori cultured ex vivo, and further analyzed the cell signaling pathways mediating hormone actions. We demonstrate that 20E induces the elongation of genital disks, that both hormones stimulate protein synthesis in an additive manner, and that BIGFLP and 20E exert their effects through the insulin/IGF signaling pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, respectively. These results show that the growth and development of the genital disk are coordinately regulated by both BIGFLP and 20E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Fujinaga
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kohmura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Naoki Okamoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kataoka
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.
| | - Akira Mizoguchi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
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Modulation of neuronal activity in the Drosophila mushroom body by DopEcR, a unique dual receptor for ecdysone and dopamine. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1578-1588. [PMID: 28554773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for steroid hormones mediate unconventional steroid signaling and play a significant role in the rapid actions of steroids in a variety of biological processes, including those in the nervous system. However, the effects of these GPCRs on overall neuronal activity remain largely elusive. Drosophila DopEcR is a GPCR that responds to both ecdysone (the major steroid hormone in insects) and dopamine, regulating multiple second messenger systems. Recent studies have revealed that DopEcR is preferentially expressed in the nervous system and involved in behavioral regulation. Here we utilized the bioluminescent Ca2+-indicator GFP-aequorin to monitor the nicotine-induced Ca2+-response within the mushroom bodies (MB), a higher-order brain center in flies, and examined how DopEcR modulates these Ca2+-dynamics. Our results show that in DopEcR knockdown flies, the nicotine-induced Ca2+-response in the MB was significantly enhanced selectively in the medial lobes. We then reveal that application of DopEcR's ligands, ecdysone and dopamine, had different effects on nicotine-induced Ca2+-responses in the MB: ecdysone enhanced activity in the calyx and cell body region in a DopEcR-dependent manner, whereas dopamine reduced activity in the medial lobes independently of DopEcR. Finally, we show that flies with reduced DopEcR function in the MB display decreased locomotor activity. This behavioral phenotype of DopEcR-deficient flies may be partly due to their enhanced MB activity, since the MB have been implicated in the suppression of locomotor activity. Overall, these data suggest that DopEcR is involved in region-specific modulation of Ca2+ dynamics within the MB, which may play a role in behavioral modulation.
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Memory Elicited by Courtship Conditioning Requires Mushroom Body Neuronal Subsets Similar to Those Utilized in Appetitive Memory. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164516. [PMID: 27764141 PMCID: PMC5072562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An animal’s ability to learn and to form memories is essential for its survival. The fruit fly has proven to be a valuable model system for studies of learning and memory. One learned behavior in fruit flies is courtship conditioning. In Drosophila courtship conditioning, male flies learn not to court females during training with an unreceptive female. He retains a memory of this training and for several hours decreases courtship when subsequently paired with any female. Courtship conditioning is a unique learning paradigm; it uses a positive-valence stimulus, a female fly, to teach a male to decrease an innate behavior, courtship of the female. As such, courtship conditioning is not clearly categorized as either appetitive or aversive conditioning. The mushroom body (MB) region in the fruit fly brain is important for several types of memory; however, the precise subsets of intrinsic and extrinsic MB neurons necessary for courtship conditioning are unknown. Here, we disrupted synaptic signaling by driving a shibirets effector in precise subsets of MB neurons, defined by a collection of split-GAL4 drivers. Out of 75 lines tested, 32 showed defects in courtship conditioning memory. Surprisingly, we did not have any hits in the γ lobe Kenyon cells, a region previously implicated in courtship conditioning memory. We did find that several γ lobe extrinsic neurons were necessary for courtship conditioning memory. Overall, our memory hits in the dopaminergic neurons (DANs) and the mushroom body output neurons were more consistent with results from appetitive memory assays than aversive memory assays. For example, protocerebral anterior medial DANs were necessary for courtship memory, similar to appetitive memory, while protocerebral posterior lateral 1 (PPL1) DANs, important for aversive memory, were not needed. Overall, our results indicate that the MB circuits necessary for courtship conditioning memory coincide with circuits necessary for appetitive memory.
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Dissel S, Klose M, Donlea J, Cao L, English D, Winsky-Sommerer R, van Swinderen B, Shaw PJ. Enhanced sleep reverses memory deficits and underlying pathology in Drosophila models of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2016; 2:15-26. [PMID: 29094110 PMCID: PMC5662006 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that sleep can reverse cognitive impairment during Alzheimer's disease, we enhanced sleep in flies either co-expressing human amyloid precursor protein and Beta-secretase (APP:BACE), or in flies expressing human tau. The ubiquitous expression of APP:BACE or human tau disrupted sleep. The sleep deficits could be reversed and sleep could be enhanced when flies were administered the GABA-A agonist 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo-[5,4-c]pyridine-3-ol (THIP). Expressing APP:BACE disrupted both Short-term memory (STM) and Long-term memory (LTM) as assessed using Aversive Phototaxic Suppression (APS) and courtship conditioning. Flies expressing APP:BACE also showed reduced levels of the synaptic protein discs large (DLG). Enhancing sleep in memory-impaired APP:BACE flies fully restored both STM and LTM and restored DLG levels. Sleep also restored STM to flies expressing human tau. Using live-brain imaging of individual clock neurons expressing both tau and the cAMP sensor Epac1-camps, we found that tau disrupted cAMP signaling. Importantly, enhancing sleep in flies expressing human tau restored proper cAMP signaling. Thus, we demonstrate that sleep can be used as a therapeutic to reverse deficits that accrue during the expression of toxic peptides associated with Alzheimer's disease. THIP can be used to enhance sleep in two Drosophila models of Alzheimer's disease. Enhanced sleep reverses memory deficits in fly's expressing human APP:BACE and tau. Enhanced sleep restores cAMP levels in clock neurons expressing tau. Sleep can be used as a therapeutic to reverse Alzheimer's disease related deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Dissel
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Markus Klose
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Jeff Donlea
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California: Los Angeles Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Lijuan Cao
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Denis English
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Raphaelle Winsky-Sommerer
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Surrey Guildford Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno van Swinderen
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Paul J Shaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A
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The Unique Dopamine/Ecdysteroid Receptor Modulates Ethanol-Induced Sedation in Drosophila. J Neurosci 2016; 36:4647-57. [PMID: 27098705 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3774-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Steroids profoundly influence behavioral responses to alcohol by activating canonical nuclear hormone receptors and exerting allosteric effects on ion channels. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that steroids can also trigger biological effects by directly binding G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), yet physiological roles of such unconventional steroid signaling in controlling alcohol-induced behaviors remain unclear. The dopamine/ecdysteroid receptor (DopEcR) is a GPCR that mediates nongenomic actions of ecdysteroids, the major steroid hormones in insects. Here, we report that Drosophila DopEcR plays a critical role in ethanol-induced sedation.DopEcR mutants took longer than control flies to become sedated during exposure to ethanol, despite having normal ethanol absorption or metabolism. RNAi-mediated knockdown of DopEcR expression revealed that this receptor is necessary after eclosion, and is required in particular neuronal subsets, including cholinergic and peptidergic neurons, to mediate this behavior. Additionally, flies ubiquitously overexpressing DopEcR cDNA had a tendency to become sedated quickly upon ethanol exposure. These results indicate that neuronal subset-specific expression of DopEcR in adults is required for normal sedation upon exposure to ethanol. We also obtained evidence indicating that DopEcR may promote ethanol sedation by suppressing epidermal growth factor receptor/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. Last, genetic and pharmacological analyses suggested that in adult flies ecdysone may serve as an inverse agonist of DopEcR and suppress the sedation-promoting activity of DopEcR in the context of ethanol exposure. Our findings provide the first evidence for the involvement of nongenomic G-protein-coupled steroid receptors in the response to alcohol, and shed new light on the potential roles of steroids in alcohol-use disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Alcohol abuse is an alarming personal and societal burden. The improvement of prevention and treatment strategies for alcohol-use disorders requires a better understanding of their biological basis. Steroid hormones profoundly affect alcohol-induced behaviors, but the contribution of their unconventional, nongenomic actions during these responses has not yet been elucidated. We found that Drosophila DopEcR, a unique G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with dual specificity for dopamine and steroids, mediates noncanonical steroid actions to promote ethanol-induced sedation. Because steroid signaling and the behavioral response to alcohol are evolutionarily well conserved, our findings suggest that analogous mammalian receptors likely play important roles in alcohol-use disorders. Our work provides a foundation for further characterizing the function and mechanisms of action of nonclassical steroid GPCR signaling.
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Niwa YS, Niwa R. Transcriptional regulation of insect steroid hormone biosynthesis and its role in controlling timing of molting and metamorphosis. Dev Growth Differ 2015; 58:94-105. [PMID: 26667894 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The developmental transition from juvenile to adult is often accompanied by many systemic changes in morphology, metabolism, and reproduction. Curiously, both mammalian puberty and insect metamorphosis are triggered by a pulse of steroid hormones, which can harmonize gene expression profiles in the body and thus orchestrate drastic biological changes. However, understanding of how the timing of steroid hormone biosynthesis is regulated at the molecular level is poor. The principal insect steroid hormone, ecdysteroid, is biosynthesized from dietary cholesterol in the specialized endocrine organ called the prothoracic gland. The periodic pulses of ecdysteroid titers determine the timing of molting and metamorphosis. To date, at least nine families of ecdysteroidogenic enzyme genes have been identified. Expression levels of these genes correlate well with ecdysteroid titers, indicating that the transcriptional regulatory network plays a critical role in regulating the ecdysteroid biosynthesis pathway. In this article, we summarize the transcriptional regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthesis. We first describe the development of prothoracic gland cells during Drosophila embryogenesis, and then provide an overview of the transcription factors that act in ecdysteroid biosynthesis and signaling. We also discuss the external signaling pathways that target these transcriptional regulators. Furthermore, we describe conserved and/or diverse aspects of steroid hormone biosynthesis in insect species as well as vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko S Niwa
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Niwa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Saitama, Japan
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40
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Uryu O, Ameku T, Niwa R. Recent progress in understanding the role of ecdysteroids in adult insects: Germline development and circadian clock in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2015; 1:32. [PMID: 26605077 PMCID: PMC4657291 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-015-0031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones are one of the major bioactive molecules responsible for the coordinated regulation of biological processes in multicellular organisms. In insects, the principal steroid hormones are ecdysteroids, including 20-hydroxyecdysone. A great deal of research has investigated the roles played by ecdysteroids during insect development, especially the regulatory role in inducing molting and metamorphosis. However, little attention has been paid to the roles of these hormones in post-developmental processes, despite their undisputed presence in the adult insect body. Recently, molecular genetics of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has revealed that ecdysteroid biosynthesis and signaling are indeed active in adult insects, and involved in diverse processes, including oogenesis, stress resistance, longevity, and neuronal activity. In this review, we focus on very recent progress in the understanding of two adult biological events that require ecdysteroid biosynthesis and/or signaling in Drosophila at the molecular level: germline development and the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outa Uryu
- />Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572 Japan
| | - Tomotsune Ameku
- />Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572 Japan
| | - Ryusuke Niwa
- />Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572 Japan
- />Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572 Japan
- />PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012 Japan
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41
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Lagisz M, Mercer AR, de Mouzon C, Santos LLS, Nakagawa S. Association of Amine-Receptor DNA Sequence Variants with Associative Learning in the Honeybee. Behav Genet 2015; 46:242-51. [PMID: 26410688 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-015-9749-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Octopamine- and dopamine-based neuromodulatory systems play a critical role in learning and learning-related behaviour in insects. To further our understanding of these systems and resulting phenotypes, we quantified DNA sequence variations at six loci coding octopamine-and dopamine-receptors and their association with aversive and appetitive learning traits in a population of honeybees. We identified 79 polymorphic sequence markers (mostly SNPs and a few insertions/deletions) located within or close to six candidate genes. Intriguingly, we found that levels of sequence variation in the protein-coding regions studied were low, indicating that sequence variation in the coding regions of receptor genes critical to learning and memory is strongly selected against. Non-coding and upstream regions of the same genes, however, were less conserved and sequence variations in these regions were weakly associated with between-individual differences in learning-related traits. While these associations do not directly imply a specific molecular mechanism, they suggest that the cross-talk between dopamine and octopamine signalling pathways may influence olfactory learning and memory in the honeybee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Lagisz
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. .,School of BEES, Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Alison R Mercer
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Luana L S Santos
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,School of BEES, Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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42
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Ostrowski D, Kahsai L, Kramer EF, Knutson P, Zars T. Place memory retention in Drosophila. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 123:217-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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43
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Kelly SM, Bienkowski R, Banerjee A, Melicharek DJ, Brewer ZA, Marenda DR, Corbett AH, Moberg KH. The Drosophila ortholog of the Zc3h14 RNA binding protein acts within neurons to pattern axon projection in the developing brain. Dev Neurobiol 2015; 76:93-106. [PMID: 25980665 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The dNab2 polyadenosine RNA binding protein is the D. melanogaster ortholog of the vertebrate ZC3H14 protein, which is lost in a form of inherited intellectual disability (ID). Human ZC3H14 can rescue D. melanogaster dNab2 mutant phenotypes when expressed in all neurons of the developing nervous system, suggesting that dNab2/ZC3H14 performs well-conserved roles in neurons. However, the cellular and molecular requirements for dNab2/ZC3H14 in the developing nervous system have not been defined in any organism. Here we show that dNab2 is autonomously required within neurons to pattern axon projection from Kenyon neurons into the mushroom bodies, which are required for associative olfactory learning and memory in insects. Mushroom body axons lacking dNab2 project aberrantly across the brain midline and also show evidence of defective branching. Coupled with the prior finding that ZC3H14 is highly expressed in rodent hippocampal neurons, this requirement for dNab2 in mushroom body neurons suggests that dNab2/ZC3H14 has a conserved role in supporting axon projection and branching. Consistent with this idea, loss of dNab2 impairs short-term memory in a courtship conditioning assay. Taken together these results reveal a cell-autonomous requirement for the dNab2 RNA binding protein in mushroom body development and provide a window into potential neurodevelopmental functions of the human ZC3H14 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M Kelly
- Department of Biology, College of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio, 44691
| | - Rick Bienkowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322.,Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322.,Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - Ayan Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - David J Melicharek
- Department of Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | | | - Daniel R Marenda
- Department of Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104.,Departments of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Anita H Corbett
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - Kenneth H Moberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
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44
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Dissel S, Angadi V, Kirszenblat L, Suzuki Y, Donlea J, Klose M, Koch Z, English D, Winsky-Sommerer R, van Swinderen B, Shaw PJ. Sleep restores behavioral plasticity to Drosophila mutants. Curr Biol 2015; 25:1270-81. [PMID: 25913403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Given the role that sleep plays in modulating plasticity, we hypothesized that increasing sleep would restore memory to canonical memory mutants without specifically rescuing the causal molecular lesion. Sleep was increased using three independent strategies: activating the dorsal fan-shaped body, increasing the expression of Fatty acid binding protein (dFabp), or by administering the GABA-A agonist 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo-[5,4-c]pyridine-3-ol (THIP). Short-term memory (STM) or long-term memory (LTM) was evaluated in rutabaga (rut) and dunce (dnc) mutants using aversive phototaxic suppression and courtship conditioning. Each of the three independent strategies increased sleep and restored memory to rut and dnc mutants. Importantly, inducing sleep also reverses memory defects in a Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease. Together, these data demonstrate that sleep plays a more fundamental role in modulating behavioral plasticity than previously appreciated and suggest that increasing sleep may benefit patients with certain neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Dissel
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Veena Angadi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Leonie Kirszenblat
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yasuko Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeff Donlea
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford 1 3SR, UK
| | - Markus Klose
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zachary Koch
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Denis English
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Raphaelle Winsky-Sommerer
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey 2 7XH, UK
| | - Bruno van Swinderen
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul J Shaw
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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45
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Bozzolan F, Duportets L, Limousin D, Wycke MA, Demondion E, François A, Abrieux A, Debernard S. Synaptotagmin I, a molecular target for steroid hormone signaling controlling the maturation of sexual behavior in an insect. FEBS J 2015; 282:1432-44. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Bozzolan
- Département d'Ecologie Sensorielle; UMR 1392; Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris; Université Paris VI; France
| | - Line Duportets
- Département d'Ecologie Sensorielle; UMR 1392; Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris; Université Paris VI; France
- Service d'Enseignement de Biologie Animale; Université Paris-Sud; Orsay France
| | - Denis Limousin
- Département d'Ecologie Sensorielle; UMR 1392; Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris; INRA; Versailles France
| | - Marie-Anne Wycke
- Département d'Ecologie Sensorielle; UMR 1392; Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris; INRA; Versailles France
| | - Elodie Demondion
- Département d'Ecologie Sensorielle; UMR 1392; Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris; INRA; Versailles France
| | - Adrien François
- INRA; UR1197; Jouy-en-Josas France
- Université de Versailles; France
| | - Antoine Abrieux
- Laboratoire Récepteurs et Canaux Ioniques Membranaires (RCIM); Université d'Angers; UPRES-EA 2647 USC INRA 1330; France
| | - Stéphane Debernard
- Département d'Ecologie Sensorielle; UMR 1392; Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris; Université Paris VI; France
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46
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Zhang XQ, Li XR, Ren J, Li YB, Cai MJ, Wang JX, Zhao XF. β-Arrestin1 interacts with G protein-coupled receptor to desensitize signaling of the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone in the lepidopteran insect Helicoverpa armigera. Cell Signal 2015; 27:878-86. [PMID: 25660147 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) plays a critical role in insect development, particularly in larval molting and larval-pupal transition. Studies have indicated that 20E transmits its signal via a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated non-genomic pathway before a genomic pathway is initiated. However, the mechanism by which a 20E signal is desensitized remains unclear. We proposed that β-arrestin1 interacts with ecdysone-responsible GPCR (ErGPCR1) to desensitize a 20E signal in the lepidopteran insect Helicoverpa armigera. Results showed that β-arrestin1 was highly expressed in various tissues during metamorphosis. β-Arrestin1 knockdown by RNA interference in larvae caused advanced pupation and a larval-pupal chimera. The mRNA levels of 20E-response genes were increased after β-arrestin1 was knocked down but were decreased after β-arrestin1 was overexpressed. 20E induced the migration of β-arrestin1 from the cytosol to the cytoplasmic membrane to interact with ErGPCR1. The inhibitors suramin and chelerythrine chloride repressed 20E-induced β-arrestin1 phosphorylation and membrane migration. With ErGPCR1, 20E regulated β-arrestin1 phosphorylation on serines at positions 170 and 234. The double mutation of the amino acids Ser170 and Ser234 to asparagine inhibited phosphorylation and membrane migration of β-arrestin1 in 20E induction. Therefore, 20E via ErGPCR1 and PKC signaling induces β-arrestin1 phosphorylation; phosphorylated β-arrestin1 migrates to the cytoplasmic membrane to interact with ErGPCR1 to block 20E signaling via a feedback mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qian Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xiang-Ru Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yong-Bo Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Mei-Juan Cai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
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47
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Ren J, Li XR, Liu PC, Cai MJ, Liu W, Wang JX, Zhao XF. G-protein αq participates in the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone nongenomic signal transduction. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 144 Pt B:313-23. [PMID: 25125388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor-mediated genomic pathways of the animal steroid hormones are well known. However, the cell membrane receptor-mediated nongenomic pathways of the animal steroid hormones are little understood. In this study, we report the participation of a G-protein alpha q (Gαq)(1) subunit in the 20E nongenomic pathway in the cell membrane and regulating gene expression during molting and metamorphosis in a lepidopteran insect, Helicoverpa armigera. 20E-induced phosphorylation of Gαq was detected using two-dimensional electrophoresis techniques. Knockdown of Gαq by injecting double-stranded RNA suppressed the development of larvae, delayed metamorphosis, and inhibited 20E-induced gene expression. Gαq was distributed throughout the cell, and migrated toward the plasma membrane upon 20E induction. Gαq was necessary in the 20E-induced intracellular Ca(2+) release and extracellular Ca(2+) influx. The protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor could repress 20E-induced phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 10 (CDK10) and transcription factor ultraspiracle (USP1). PKC inhibitor could repress the Gαq phosphorylation and membrane trafficking. These results suggest that Gαq participates in 20E signaling in the cell membrane at the pre-genomic stage by modulating the increase of the intracellular Ca(2+) and phosphorylation of CDK10 and USP1 in 20E transcription complex to regulate gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiang-Ru Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Mei-Juan Cai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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48
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Abrieux A, Duportets L, Debernard S, Gadenne C, Anton S. The GPCR membrane receptor, DopEcR, mediates the actions of both dopamine and ecdysone to control sex pheromone perception in an insect. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:312. [PMID: 25309365 PMCID: PMC4162375 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory information mediating sexual behavior is crucial for reproduction in many animals, including insects. In male moths, the macroglomerular complex (MGC) of the primary olfactory center, the antennal lobe (AL) is specialized in the treatment of information on the female-emitted sex pheromone. Evidence is accumulating that modulation of behavioral pheromone responses occurs through neuronal plasticity via the action of hormones and/or catecholamines. We recently showed that a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), AipsDopEcR, with its homologue known in Drosophila for its double affinity to the main insect steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), and dopamine (DA), present in the ALs, is involved in the behavioral response to pheromone in the moth, Agrotis ipsilon. Here we tested the role of AipsDopEcR as compared to nuclear 20E receptors in central pheromone processing combining receptor inhibition with intracellular recordings of AL neurons. We show that the sensitivity of AL neurons for the pheromone in males decreases strongly after AipsDopEcR-dsRNA injection but also after inhibition of nuclear 20E receptors. Moreover we tested the involvement of 20E and DA in the receptor-mediated behavioral modulation in wind tunnel experiments, using ligand applications and receptor inhibition treatments. We show that both ligands are necessary and act on AipsDopEcR-mediated behavior. Altogether these results indicate that the GPCR membrane receptor, AipsDopEcR, controls sex pheromone perception through the action of both 20E and DA in the central nervous system, probably in concert with 20E action through nuclear receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Abrieux
- Neuroéthologie-RCIM, INRA/Université d'Angers, UPRES-EA 2647 USC INRA 1330, SFR QUASAV 4207 Beaucouzé, France ; Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement IEES Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR 7618 Paris, France
| | - Line Duportets
- Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement IEES Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR 7618 Paris, France ; Service d'Enseignement de Biologie Animale, Université Paris-Sud Orsay, France
| | - Stéphane Debernard
- Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement IEES Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR 7618 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Gadenne
- Neuroéthologie-RCIM, INRA/Université d'Angers, UPRES-EA 2647 USC INRA 1330, SFR QUASAV 4207 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Sylvia Anton
- Neuroéthologie-RCIM, INRA/Université d'Angers, UPRES-EA 2647 USC INRA 1330, SFR QUASAV 4207 Beaucouzé, France
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Niwa R, Niwa YS. Enzymes for ecdysteroid biosynthesis: their biological functions in insects and beyond. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:1283-92. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.942250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Steroid hormones are responsible for the coordinated regulation of many aspects of biological processes in multicellular organisms. Since the last century, many studies have identified and characterized steroidogenic enzymes in vertebrates, including mammals. However, much less is known about invertebrate steroidogenic enzymes. In the last 15 years, a number of steroidogenic enzymes and their functions have been characterized in ecdysozoan animals, especially in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. In this review, we summarize the latest knowledge of enzymes crucial for synthesizing ecdysteroids, the principal insect steroid hormones. We also discuss the functional conservation and diversity of ecdysteroidogenic enzymes in other insects and even non-insect species, such as nematodes, vertebrates, and lower eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Niwa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Yuko S Niwa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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50
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Boulanger A, Dura JM. Nuclear receptors and Drosophila neuronal remodeling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1849:187-95. [PMID: 24882358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During the development of both vertebrates and invertebrates, neurons undergo a crucial remodeling process that is necessary for their new function. Neuronal remodeling is composed of two stages: first, axons and dendrites are pruned without the loss of the cell body; later, this process is most commonly followed by a regrowth step. Holometabolous insects like the fruitfly Drosophila exhibit striking differences between their larval and adult stages. These neuronal remodeling processes occur during metamorphosis, the period of transformation from a larva to an adult. All axon and dendrite pruning events ultimately depend on the EcR nuclear receptor. Its ligand, the steroid molting hormone ecdysone, binds to heteromeric receptors comprising the nuclear receptor ECR and USP, and this complex regulates target genes involved in neuronal remodeling. Here we review the nuclear receptor-mediated genetic control of the main neuronal remodeling events described so far in Drosophila. These events consist of neurite degeneration in the mushroom bodies (MBs: the brain memory center) and in the dendritic arborizing sensory neurons, of neurite retraction or small scale elimination in the thoracic ventral neurosecretory cells, in the olfactory circuits and in the neuromuscular junction. MB axon regrowth after pruning and the role of MB neuron remodeling in memory formation are also reviewed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Nuclear receptors in animal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Boulanger
- Institute of Human Genetics, UPR 1142, CNRS, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier, France.
| | - Jean-Maurice Dura
- Institute of Human Genetics, UPR 1142, CNRS, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier, France.
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