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Kang N, Tan J, Yan S, Lin L, Gao Q. General autophagy-dependent and -independent lipophagic processes collaborate to regulate the overall level of lipophagy in yeast. Autophagy 2024; 20:1523-1536. [PMID: 38425021 PMCID: PMC11210923 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2325297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATION AP: autophagosome; ATG: autophagy related; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complex required for transport; FA: fatty acid; LD: lipid droplet; Ld microdomains: liquid-disordered microdomains; NL: neutral lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Kang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinling Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sisi Yan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Leiying Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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2
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Sah SK, Fan J, Blanford J, Shanklin J, Xu C. Physiological Functions of Phospholipid:Diacylglycerol Acyltransferases. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:863-871. [PMID: 37702708 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) is among the most energy dense storage forms of reduced carbon in living systems. TAG metabolism plays critical roles in cellular energy balance, lipid homeostasis, cell growth and stress responses. In higher plants, microalgae and fungi, TAG is assembled by acyl-CoA-dependent and acyl-CoA-independent pathways catalyzed by diacylglycerol (DAG) acyltransferase and phospholipid:DAG acyltransferase (PDAT), respectively. This review contains a summary of the current understanding of the physiological functions of PDATs. Emphasis is placed on their role in lipid remodeling and lipid homeostasis in response to abiotic stress or perturbations in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Kumar Sah
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Jilian Fan
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Jantana Blanford
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | | | - Changcheng Xu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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3
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Gou R, Xiong S, Liang X, Wu H, Qin S, Li B, Luo C, Chen J. Relationship between Life's Essential 8 and metabolic syndrome among older Americans (NHANES, 2007-2010): navigating biological aging and inflammation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1380464. [PMID: 38903808 PMCID: PMC11188479 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1380464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global health concern, and it is particularly harmful to middle-aged and elderly individuals. Life Element Eight (LE8), a measure to improve cardiovascular health, may offer benefits for MetS. Herein, we examined the relationship between LE8 and MetS among middle-aged and elderly individuals, and elucidated the role of biological aging and inflammation in this process. Methods We obtained the LE8 scores of 2,901 Americans, along with their biological aging indicators (Biological age, Phenotypic age, Serum Klotho), and computed their inflammatory indicators SII, DII. Using logistic regression model, we assessed the association among inflammatory markers, Biological aging, LE8 and MetS. Additionally, we generated restricted cubic spline (RCS) plots to display trends in significant variables in logistic regression. Using parallel mediation analysis, we evaluated the possible mediating role of various factors in the risk relationship between LE8 and MetS. Results Our examination revealed that higher LE8 scores were associated with a lower incidence of MetS in a fully adjusted model. The high LE8 subgroup had a 79.73% reduction in the risk of MetS compared to the low subgroup with an OR = 0.2027 (95% Cl 0.0871, 0.4714), with similar correlations between health factor scores and MetS risk. Biological aging mediated the associations between LE8, health behaviors and health factor scores and MetS risk. Conclusion A rise in the LE8 score among middle-aged and elderly individuals is a protective factor for MetS, and this association may be partially mediated by biological aging, suggesting that LE8 may reduce the risk of MetS by ameliorating aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Gou
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Si Xiong
- Department of Ultrasonography, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Xudong Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuitao Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Changjun Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Junan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
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4
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Maestri A, Garagnani P, Pedrelli M, Hagberg CE, Parini P, Ehrenborg E. Lipid droplets, autophagy, and ageing: A cell-specific tale. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 94:102194. [PMID: 38218464 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are the essential organelle for storing lipids in a cell. Within the variety of the human body, different cells store, utilize and release lipids in different ways, depending on their intrinsic function. However, these differences are not well characterized and, especially in the context of ageing, represent a key factor for cardiometabolic diseases. Whole body lipid homeostasis is a central interest in the field of cardiometabolic diseases. In this review we characterize lipid droplets and their utilization via autophagy and describe their diverse fate in three cells types central in cardiometabolic dysfunctions: adipocytes, hepatocytes, and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Maestri
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Pedrelli
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Medicine (Huddinge), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medicine Unit of Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina E Hagberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Parini
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Medicine (Huddinge), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medicine Unit of Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ewa Ehrenborg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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5
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Sun X, Shen J, Perrimon N, Kong X, Wang D. The endoribonuclease Arlr is required to maintain lipid homeostasis by downregulating lipolytic genes during aging. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6254. [PMID: 37803019 PMCID: PMC10558556 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While disorders in lipid metabolism have been associated with aging and age-related diseases, how lipid metabolism is regulated during aging is poorly understood. Here, we characterize the Drosophila endoribonuclease CG2145, an ortholog of mammalian EndoU that we named Age-related lipid regulator (Arlr), as a regulator of lipid homeostasis during aging. In adult adipose tissues, Arlr is necessary for maintenance of lipid storage in lipid droplets (LDs) as flies age, a phenotype that can be rescued by either high-fat or high-glucose diet. Interestingly, RNA-seq of arlr mutant adipose tissues and RIP-seq suggest that Arlr affects lipid metabolism through the degradation of the mRNAs of lipolysis genes - a model further supported by the observation that knockdown of Lsd-1, regucalcin, yip2 or CG5162, which encode genes involved in lipolysis, rescue the LD defects of arlr mutants. In addition, we characterize DendoU as a functional paralog of Arlr and show that human ENDOU can rescue arlr mutants. Altogether, our study reveals a role of ENDOU-like endonucleases as negative regulator of lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Sun
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xue Kong
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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6
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Staab TA, McIntyre G, Wang L, Radeny J, Bettcher L, Guillen M, Peck MP, Kalil AP, Bromley SP, Raftery D, Chan JP. The lipidomes of C. elegans with mutations in asm-3/acid sphingomyelinase and hyl-2/ceramide synthase show distinct lipid profiles during aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:650-674. [PMID: 36787434 PMCID: PMC9970312 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism affects cell and physiological functions that mediate animal healthspan and lifespan. Lipidomics approaches in model organisms have allowed us to better understand changes in lipid composition related to age and lifespan. Here, using the model C. elegans, we examine the lipidomes of mutants lacking enzymes critical for sphingolipid metabolism; specifically, we examine acid sphingomyelinase (asm-3), which breaks down sphingomyelin to ceramide, and ceramide synthase (hyl-2), which synthesizes ceramide from sphingosine. Worm asm-3 and hyl-2 mutants have been previously found to be long- and short-lived, respectively. We analyzed longitudinal lipid changes in wild type animals compared to mutants at 1-, 5-, and 10-days of age. We detected over 700 different lipids in several lipid classes. Results indicate that wildtype animals exhibit increased triacylglycerols (TAG) at 10-days compared to 1-day, and decreased lysophoshatidylcholines (LPC). We find that 10-day hyl-2 mutants have elevated total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and increased LPCs compared to 10-day wildtype animals. These changes mirror another short-lived model, the daf-16/FOXO transcription factor that is downstream of the insulin-like signaling pathway. In addition, we find that hyl-2 mutants have poor oxidative stress response, supporting a model where mutants with elevated PUFAs may accumulate more oxidative damage. On the other hand, 10-day asm-3 mutants have fewer TAGs. Intriguingly, asm-3 mutants have a similar lipid composition as the long-lived, caloric restriction model eat-2/mAChR mutant. Together, these analyses highlight the utility of lipidomic analyses to characterize metabolic changes during aging in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha A. Staab
- Department of Biology, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA
| | - Grace McIntyre
- Department of Biology, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Joycelyn Radeny
- Department of Biology, Juniata College, Huntingdon, PA 16652, USA
| | - Lisa Bettcher
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Melissa Guillen
- Department of Biology, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA
| | - Margaret P. Peck
- Department of Biology, Juniata College, Huntingdon, PA 16652, USA
| | - Azia P. Kalil
- Department of Biology, Juniata College, Huntingdon, PA 16652, USA
| | | | - Daniel Raftery
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jason P. Chan
- Department of Biology, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA
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Deb R, Nagotu S. The nexus between peroxisome abundance and chronological ageing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biogerontology 2023; 24:81-97. [PMID: 36209442 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09992-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is characterized by changes in several cellular processes, with dysregulation of peroxisome function being one of them. Interestingly, the most conserved function of peroxisomes, ROS homeostasis, is strongly associated with ageing and age-associated pathologies. Previous studies have identified a role for peroxisomes in the regulation of chronological lifespan in yeast. In this study, we report the effect of altered peroxisome number on the chronological lifespan of yeast in two different growth media conditions. Three mutants, pex11, pex25 and pex27, defective in peroxisome fission, have been thoroughly investigated for the chronological lifespan. Reduced chronological lifespan of all the mutants was observed in peroxisome-inducing growth conditions. Furthermore, the combined deletion pex11pex25 exhibited the most prominent reduction in lifespan. Interestingly altered peroxisomal phenotype upon ageing was observed in all the cells. Increased ROS accumulation and reduced catalase activity was exhibited by chronologically aged mutant cells. Interestingly, mutants with reduced number of peroxisomes concomitantly also exhibited an accumulation of free fatty acids and increased number of lipid droplets. Taken together, our results reveal a previously unrealized effect of fission proteins in the chronological lifespan of yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachayeeta Deb
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Shirisha Nagotu
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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8
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The Lipid Profile of the Endomyces magnusii Yeast upon the Assimilation of the Substrates of Different Types and upon Calorie Restriction. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8111233. [PMID: 36422054 PMCID: PMC9698397 DOI: 10.3390/jof8111233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The study analyzes the dynamics in the lipid profile of the Endomyces magnusii yeast during the long-lasting cultivation using the substrates of “enzymatic” or “oxidative” type. Moreover, we studied its changes upon calorie restriction (CR) (0.5% glucose) and glucose depletion (0.2% glucose). Di-(DAGs), triacylglycerides (TAGs) and free fatty acids (FFAs) dominate in the storage lipid fractions. The TAG level was high in all the cultures tested and reached 80% of the total lipid amount. While being cultured on 2% substrates, the level of storage lipids decreased at the four-week stage, whereas upon CR their initially low amount doubled. Phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), sterols (St) (up to 62% of total lipids), phosphatidylcholines (PC), and phosphatidic acids (PA) (more than 40% of total lipids) were dominating in the membrane lipids of E magnusii. Upon CR at the late stationary growth stages (3–4 weeks), the total level of membrane lipid was two-fold higher than those on glycerol and 2% glucose. The palmitic acid C16:0 (from 10 to 23%), the palmitoleic acid C16:1 (from 4.3 to 15.9%), the oleic acid C18:1 (from 23.4 to 59.2%), and the linoleic acid C18:2 (from 10.8 to 49.2%) were the dominant fatty acids (FAs) of phospholipids. Upon glucose depletion (0.2% glucose), the total amount of storage and membrane lipids in the cells was comparable to that in the cells both on 2% and 0.5% glucose. High levels of PC and sphingolipids (SL) at the late stationary growth stages and an increased PA level throughout the whole experiment were typical for the membrane lipids composition upon the substrate depletion. There was shown a crucial role of St, PA, and a high share of the unsaturated FAs in the membrane phospholipids upon the adaptation of the E. magnusii yeast to the long-lasting cultivation upon the substrate restriction is shown. The autophagic processes in some fractions of the cell population provide the support of high level of lipid components at the late stages of cultivation upon substrate depletion under the CR conditions. CR is supposed to play the key role in regulating the lipid synthesis and risen resistance to oxidative stress, as well as its possible biotechnological application.
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9
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Hsueh BY, Severin GB, Elg CA, Waldron EJ, Kant A, Wessel AJ, Dover JA, Rhoades CR, Ridenhour BJ, Parent KN, Neiditch MB, Ravi J, Top EM, Waters CM. Phage defence by deaminase-mediated depletion of deoxynucleotides in bacteria. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:1210-1220. [PMID: 35817890 PMCID: PMC9830645 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae biotype El Tor is perpetuating the longest cholera pandemic in recorded history. The genomic islands VSP-1 and VSP-2 distinguish El Tor from previous pandemic V. cholerae strains. Using a co-occurrence analysis of VSP genes in >200,000 bacterial genomes we built gene networks to infer biological functions encoded in these islands. This revealed that dncV, a component of the cyclic-oligonucleotide-based anti-phage signalling system (CBASS) anti-phage defence system, co-occurs with an uncharacterized gene vc0175 that we rename avcD for anti-viral cytodine deaminase. We show that AvcD is a deoxycytidylate deaminase and that its activity is post-translationally inhibited by a non-coding RNA named AvcI. AvcID and bacterial homologues protect bacterial populations against phage invasion by depleting free deoxycytidine nucleotides during infection, thereby decreasing phage replication. Homologues of avcD exist in all three domains of life, and bacterial AvcID defends against phage infection by combining traits of two eukaryotic innate viral immunity proteins, APOBEC and SAMHD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Y Hsueh
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Geoffrey B Severin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Clinton A Elg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Interdisciplinary Data Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Evan J Waldron
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abhiruchi Kant
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Alex J Wessel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - John A Dover
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Christopher R Rhoades
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Benjamin J Ridenhour
- Department of Mathematics and Statistical Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Kristin N Parent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Matthew B Neiditch
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Janani Ravi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eva M Top
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Interdisciplinary Data Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Christopher M Waters
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Zamzam G, Lee CW, Milne F, Etsell J, Durnford DG. Live long and prosper: Acetate and its effects on longevity in batch culturing of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Stępień K, Skoneczna A, Kula-Maximenko M, Jurczyk Ł, Mołoń M. Depletion of the Origin Recognition Complex Subunits Delays Aging in Budding Yeast. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081252. [PMID: 35455932 PMCID: PMC9032818 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise DNA replication is pivotal for ensuring the accurate inheritance of genetic information. To avoid genetic instability, each DNA fragment needs to be amplified only once per cell cycle. DNA replication in eukaryotes starts with the binding of the origin recognition complex (ORC) to the origins of DNA replication. The genes encoding ORC subunits have been conserved across eukaryotic evolution and are essential for the initiation of DNA replication. In this study, we conducted an extensive physiological and aging-dependent analysis of heterozygous cells lacking one copy of ORC genes in the BY4743 background. Cells with only one copy of the ORC genes showed a significant decrease in the level of ORC mRNA, a delay in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, and an extended doubling time. Here, we also show that the reducing the levels of Orc1-6 proteins significantly extends both the budding and average chronological lifespans. Heterozygous ORC/orcΔ and wild-type diploid cells easily undergo haploidization during chronological aging. This ploidy shift might be related to nutrient starvation or the inability to survive under stress conditions. A Raman spectroscopy analysis helped us to strengthen the hypothesis of the importance of lipid metabolism and homeostasis in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Stępień
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Adrianna Skoneczna
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.M.); Tel.: +48-22-659-70-72 (A.S.); +48-17-785-54-07 (M.M.)
| | - Monika Kula-Maximenko
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Jurczyk
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Land Management and Environmental Protection, University of Rzeszow, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Mołoń
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.M.); Tel.: +48-22-659-70-72 (A.S.); +48-17-785-54-07 (M.M.)
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12
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Qu C, Li Z, Wang X. UHPLC-HRMS-Based Untargeted Lipidomics Reveal Mechanism of Antifungal Activity of Carvacrol against Aspergillus flavus. Foods 2021; 11:foods11010093. [PMID: 35010219 PMCID: PMC8750229 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is a common contaminant in grain, oil and their products. Its metabolite aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has been proved to be highly carcinogenic. Therefore, it is of great importance to find possible antifungal substances to inhibit the growth and toxin production of Aspergillus flavus. Carvacrol (CV) was reported as a potent antifungal monoterpene derived from plants. In this paper, the antifungal effects and mechanism of CV on Aspergillus flavus were investigated. CV was shown good inhibition on the growth of Aspergillus flavus and the production of AFB1. CV used in concentrations ranging from 0, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL inhibited the germination of spores, mycelia growth and AFB1 production dose-dependently. To explore the antifungal mechanism of CV on Aspergillus flavus, we also detected the ergosterol content of Aspergillus flavus mycelia, employed Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to observe mycelia morphology and utilized Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) to explore the lipidome profiles of Aspergillus flavus. The results showed that the production of ergosterol of mycelia was reduced as the CV treatment concentration increased. SEM photographs demonstrated a rough surface and a reduction in the thickness of hyphae in Aspergillus flavus treated with CV (200 µg/mL). In positive ion mode, 21 lipids of Aspergillus flavus mycelium were downregulated, and 11 lipids were upregulated after treatment with 200-µg/mL CV. In negative ion mode, nine lipids of Aspergillus flavus mycelium were downregulated, and seven lipids upregulated after treatment with 200-µg/mL CV. In addition, the analysis of different lipid metabolic pathways between the control and 200-µg/mL CV-treated groups demonstrated that glycerophospholipid metabolism was the most enriched pathway related to CV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenling Qu
- Grain and Oil Storage Department, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
- Correspondence: (C.Q.); (X.W.); Tel.: +86-18623717762 (C.Q.); +86-2786812943 (X.W.)
| | - Zhuozhen Li
- Grain and Oil Storage Department, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Xiupin Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Correspondence: (C.Q.); (X.W.); Tel.: +86-18623717762 (C.Q.); +86-2786812943 (X.W.)
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13
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Impairment of carotenoid biosynthesis through CAR1 gene mutation results in CoQ 10, sterols, and phytoene accumulation in Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 106:317-327. [PMID: 34910239 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11673-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Red yeasts, mainly included in the genera Rhodotorula, Rhodosporidiobolus, and Sporobolomyces, are renowned biocatalysts for the production of a wide range of secondary metabolites of commercial interest, among which lipids, carotenoids, and other isoprenoids. The production of all these compounds is tightly interrelated as they share acetyl-CoA and the mevalonate pathway as common intermediates. Here, T-DNA insertional mutagenesis was applied to the wild type strain C2.5t1 of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa for the isolation of albino mutants with impaired carotenoids biosynthesis. The rationale behind this approach was that a blockage in carotenoid biosynthetic pathway could divert carbon flux toward the production of lipids and/or other molecules deriving from terpenoid precursors. One characterized albino mutant, namely, strain W4, carries a T-DNA insertion in the CAR1 gene coding for phytoene desaturase. When cultured in glycerol-containing medium, W4 strain showed significant decreases in cell density and fatty acids content in respect to the wild type strain. Conversely, it reached significantly higher productions of phytoene, CoQ10, and sterols. These were supported by an increased expression of CAR2 gene that codes for phytoene synthase/lycopene cyclase. Thus, in accordance with the starting hypothesis, the impairment of carotenoids biosynthesis can be explored to pursue the biotechnological exploitation of red yeasts for enhanced production of secondary metabolites with several commercial applications. KEY POINTS: • The production of lipids, carotenoids, and other isoprenoids is tightly interrelated. • CAR1 gene mutation results in the overproduction of phytoene, CoQ10, and sterols. • Albino mutants are promising tools for the production of secondary metabolites.
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14
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Kovacs M, Geltinger F, Verwanger T, Weiss R, Richter K, Rinnerthaler M. Lipid Droplets Protect Aging Mitochondria and Thus Promote Lifespan in Yeast Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:774985. [PMID: 34869375 PMCID: PMC8640092 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.774985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides their role as a storage for neutral lipids and sterols, there is increasing evidence that lipid droplets (LDs) are involved in cellular detoxification. LDs are in close contact to a broad variety of organelles where protein- and lipid exchange is mediated. Mitochondria as a main driver of the aging process produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage several cellular components. LDs as highly dynamic organelles mediate a potent detoxification mechanism by taking up toxic lipids and proteins. A stimulation of LDs induced by the simultaneously overexpression of Lro1p and Dga1p (both encoding acyltransferases) prolongs the chronological as well as the replicative lifespan of yeast cells. The increased number of LDs reduces mitochondrial fragmentation as well as mitochondrial ROS production, both phenotypes that are signs of aging. Strains with an altered LD content or morphology as in the sei1∆ or lro1∆ mutant lead to a reduced replicative lifespan. In a yeast strain defective for the LON protease Pim1p, which showed an enhanced ROS production, increased doubling time and an altered mitochondrial morphology, a LRO1 overexpression resulted in a partially reversion of this "premature aging" phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark Rinnerthaler
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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15
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The Role of Sch9 and the V-ATPase in the Adaptation Response to Acetic Acid and the Consequences for Growth and Chronological Lifespan. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091871. [PMID: 34576766 PMCID: PMC8472237 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies with Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicated that non-physiologically high levels of acetic acid promote cellular acidification, chronological aging, and programmed cell death. In the current study, we compared the cellular lipid composition, acetic acid uptake, intracellular pH, growth, and chronological lifespan of wild-type cells and mutants lacking the protein kinase Sch9 and/or a functional V-ATPase when grown in medium supplemented with different acetic acid concentrations. Our data show that strains lacking the V-ATPase are especially more susceptible to growth arrest in the presence of high acetic acid concentrations, which is due to a slower adaptation to the acid stress. These V-ATPase mutants also displayed changes in lipid homeostasis, including alterations in their membrane lipid composition that influences the acetic acid diffusion rate and changes in sphingolipid metabolism and the sphingolipid rheostat, which is known to regulate stress tolerance and longevity of yeast cells. However, we provide evidence that the supplementation of 20 mM acetic acid has a cytoprotective and presumable hormesis effect that extends the longevity of all strains tested, including the V-ATPase compromised mutants. We also demonstrate that the long-lived sch9Δ strain itself secretes significant amounts of acetic acid during stationary phase, which in addition to its enhanced accumulation of storage lipids may underlie its increased lifespan.
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16
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Mutlu AS, Duffy J, Wang MC. Lipid metabolism and lipid signals in aging and longevity. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1394-1407. [PMID: 33891896 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids play crucial roles in regulating aging and longevity. In the past few decades, a series of genetic pathways have been discovered to regulate lifespan in model organisms. Interestingly, many of these regulatory pathways are linked to lipid metabolism and lipid signaling. Lipid metabolic enzymes undergo significant changes during aging and are regulated by different longevity pathways. Lipids also actively modulate lifespan and health span as signaling molecules. In this review, we summarize recent insights into the roles of lipid metabolism and lipid signaling in aging and discuss lipid-related interventions in promoting longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Sena Mutlu
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathon Duffy
- Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Meng C Wang
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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17
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Targeting metabolic pathways for extension of lifespan and healthspan across multiple species. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101188. [PMID: 33031925 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism plays a significant role in the regulation of aging at different levels, and metabolic reprogramming represents a major driving force in aging. Metabolic reprogramming leads to impaired organismal fitness, an age-dependent increase in susceptibility to diseases, decreased ability to mount a stress response, and increased frailty. The complexity of age-dependent metabolic reprogramming comes from the multitude of levels on which metabolic changes can be connected to aging and regulation of lifespan. This is further complicated by the different metabolic requirements of various tissues, cross-organ communication via metabolite secretion, and direct effects of metabolites on epigenetic state and redox regulation; however, not all of these changes are causative to aging. Studies in yeast, flies, worms, and mice have played a crucial role in identifying mechanistic links between observed changes in various metabolic traits and their effects on lifespan. Here, we review how changes in the organismal and organ-specific metabolome are associated with aging and how targeting of any one of over a hundred different targets in specific metabolic pathways can extend lifespan. An important corollary is that restriction or supplementation of different metabolites can change activity of these metabolic pathways in ways that improve healthspan and extend lifespan in different organisms. Due to the high levels of conservation of metabolism in general, translating findings from model systems to human beings will allow for the development of effective strategies for human health- and lifespan extension.
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18
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Shinohara M, Kanekiyo T, Tachibana M, Kurti A, Shinohara M, Fu Y, Zhao J, Han X, Sullivan PM, Rebeck GW, Fryer JD, Heckman MG, Bu G. APOE2 is associated with longevity independent of Alzheimer's disease. eLife 2020; 9:e62199. [PMID: 33074098 PMCID: PMC7588231 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the ε2 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE2) benefits longevity, its mechanism is not understood. The protective effects of the APOE2 on Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, particularly through their effects on amyloid or tau accumulation, may confound APOE2 effects on longevity. Herein, we showed that the association between APOE2 and longer lifespan persisted irrespective of AD status, including its neuropathology, by analyzing clinical datasets as well as animal models. Notably, APOE2 was associated with preserved activity during aging, which also associated with lifespan. In animal models, distinct apoE isoform levels, where APOE2 has the highest, were correlated with activity levels, while some forms of cholesterol and triglycerides were associated with apoE and activity levels. These results indicate that APOE2 can contribute to longevity independent of AD. Preserved activity would be an early-observable feature of APOE2-mediated longevity, where higher levels of apoE2 and its-associated lipid metabolism might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Shinohara
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleUnited States
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, National Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyAichiJapan
| | - Takahisa Kanekiyo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleUnited States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleUnited States
| | - Masaya Tachibana
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleUnited States
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Aishe Kurti
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleUnited States
| | - Motoko Shinohara
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleUnited States
| | - Yuan Fu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleUnited States
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleUnited States
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioUnited States
| | - Patrick M Sullivan
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham Veterans Health Administration Medical Center's Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - G William Rebeck
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonUnited States
| | - John D Fryer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleUnited States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleUnited States
| | - Michael G Heckman
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleUnited States
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleUnited States
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleUnited States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleUnited States
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19
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Barré BP, Hallin J, Yue JX, Persson K, Mikhalev E, Irizar A, Holt S, Thompson D, Molin M, Warringer J, Liti G. Intragenic repeat expansion in the cell wall protein gene HPF1 controls yeast chronological aging. Genome Res 2020; 30:697-710. [PMID: 32277013 PMCID: PMC7263189 DOI: 10.1101/gr.253351.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aging varies among individuals due to both genetics and environment, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Using a highly recombined Saccharomyces cerevisiae population, we found 30 distinct quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control chronological life span (CLS) in calorie-rich and calorie-restricted environments and under rapamycin exposure. Calorie restriction and rapamycin extended life span in virtually all genotypes but through different genetic variants. We tracked the two major QTLs to the cell wall glycoprotein genes FLO11 and HPF1 We found that massive expansion of intragenic tandem repeats within the N-terminal domain of HPF1 was sufficient to cause pronounced life span shortening. Life span impairment by HPF1 was buffered by rapamycin but not by calorie restriction. The HPF1 repeat expansion shifted yeast cells from a sedentary to a buoyant state, thereby increasing their exposure to surrounding oxygen. The higher oxygenation altered methionine, lipid, and purine metabolism, and inhibited quiescence, which explains the life span shortening. We conclude that fast-evolving intragenic repeat expansions can fundamentally change the relationship between cells and their environment with profound effects on cellular lifestyle and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johan Hallin
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Jia-Xing Yue
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Karl Persson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Sylvester Holt
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Dawn Thompson
- Ginkgo Bioworks Incorporated, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, USA
| | - Mikael Molin
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Warringer
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gianni Liti
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, 06107 Nice, France
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20
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Cell organelles and yeast longevity: an intertwined regulation. Curr Genet 2019; 66:15-41. [PMID: 31535186 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-01035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Organelles are dynamic structures of a eukaryotic cell that compartmentalize various essential functions and regulate optimum functioning. On the other hand, ageing is an inevitable phenomenon that leads to irreversible cellular damage and affects optimum functioning of cells. Recent research shows compelling evidence that connects organelle dysfunction to ageing-related diseases/disorders. Studies in several model systems including yeast have led to seminal contributions to the field of ageing in uncovering novel pathways, proteins and their functions, identification of pro- and anti-ageing factors and so on. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of findings that highlight the role of organelles in ageing and ageing-associated functions/pathways in yeast.
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21
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Ugrankar R, Bowerman J, Hariri H, Chandra M, Chen K, Bossanyi MF, Datta S, Rogers S, Eckert KM, Vale G, Victoria A, Fresquez J, McDonald JG, Jean S, Collins BM, Henne WM. Drosophila Snazarus Regulates a Lipid Droplet Population at Plasma Membrane-Droplet Contacts in Adipocytes. Dev Cell 2019; 50:557-572.e5. [PMID: 31422916 PMCID: PMC7446143 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytes store nutrients as lipid droplets (LDs), but how they organize their LD stores to balance lipid uptake, storage, and mobilization remains poorly understood. Here, using Drosophila fat body (FB) adipocytes, we characterize spatially distinct LD populations that are maintained by different lipid pools. We identify peripheral LDs (pLDs) that make close contact with the plasma membrane (PM) and are maintained by lipophorin-dependent lipid trafficking. pLDs are distinct from larger cytoplasmic medial LDs (mLDs), which are maintained by FASN1-dependent de novo lipogenesis. We find that sorting nexin CG1514 or Snazarus (Snz) associates with pLDs and regulates LD homeostasis at ER-PM contact sites. Loss of SNZ perturbs pLD organization, whereas Snz over-expression drives LD expansion, triacylglyceride production, starvation resistance, and lifespan extension through a DESAT1-dependent pathway. We propose that Drosophila adipocytes maintain spatially distinct LD populations and identify Snz as a regulator of LD organization and inter-organelle crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Ugrankar
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jade Bowerman
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hanaa Hariri
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mintu Chandra
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kevin Chen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Marie-France Bossanyi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Universite, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Sanchari Datta
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sean Rogers
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kaitlyn M Eckert
- Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Gonçalo Vale
- Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Alexia Victoria
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Steve Jean
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Universite, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Brett M Collins
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - W Mike Henne
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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22
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Johnson AA. Lipid Hydrolase Enzymes: Pragmatic Prolongevity Targets for Improved Human Healthspan? Rejuvenation Res 2019; 23:107-121. [PMID: 31426688 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2019.2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence suggests that lipid metabolism, which plays critical roles in fat storage, cell membrane maintenance, and cell signaling, is intricately linked to aging. Lipid hydrolases are important enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of more complex lipids into simpler lipids. Diverse interventions targeting lipid hydrolases can prolong or shorten life in model organisms. For example, the genetic removal of or RNAi knockdown against a phospholipase can reduce lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Mus musculus. The removal of lysosomal acid lipase results in premature death in mice, while its overexpression in nematodes generates lean, long-lived individuals. The overexpression or inhibition of diacylglycerol lipase leads to enhanced or reduced longevity, respectively, in both worms and flies. Lifespan can also be extended by knocking down triacylglycerol lipases in yeast, overexpressing fatty acid amide hydrolase in worms, or removing hepatic lipase in a mouse model of coronary disease. Conversely, flies lacking the triacylglycerol lipase Brummer are obese and short lived. Linking sphingolipids and aging, removing the sphingomyelinase inositol phosphosphingolipid phospholipase shortens chronological lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while inhibiting an acid sphingomyelinase in worms or inactivating alkaline ceramidase in flies extends lifespan. The clinical potential of manipulating these enzymes is highlighted by the FDA-approved obesity drug orlistat, which is an inhibitor of pancreatic and hepatic lipases that induces weight loss and improves insulin/glucose homeostasis. Additional research is warranted to better understand how these lipid hydrolases impact aging and to determine if clinical interventions targeting them are capable of improving human healthspan.
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23
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Chen H, Liu T, Holt WV, Yang P, Zhang L, Zhang L, Han X, Bian X, Chen Q. Advances in understanding mechanisms of long-term sperm storage-the soft-shelled turtle model. Histol Histopathol 2019; 35:1-23. [PMID: 31290136 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-term sperm storage is a special reproductive strategy, which can extend the time window between mating and fertilization in some animal species. Spermatozoa of the soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis, can be stored in the epididymis and oviduct for at least six months and one year, respectively. How spermatozoa can be stored in vivo for such a prolonged period is yet to be explained. We analyze the mechanisms that contribute to long-term sperm storage in P. sinensis, and compare them with other species from three different perspectives: the spermatozoon itself, the storage microenvironment and the interaction between the spermatozoon and microenvironment. Characteristics of soft-shelled turtle spermatozoa itself, such as the huge cytoplasmic droplet with its content of several large lipid droplets (LDs) and onion-like mitochondira, facilitate long-term sperm storage. The microenvironment of reproductive tract, involving in the secretions, structural barriers, exosomes, androgen receptors, Toll-like receptors and survival factor Bcl-2, are important for the maintenance of spermatozoa long-term storage. Sperm heads are always embedded among the oviductal cilia and even intercalate into the apical hollowness of the ciliated cells, indicating that the ciliated cells support the stored spermatozoa. RNA seq is firstly used to detect the molecular mechanism of sperm storage, which shows that autophagy, apoptosis and immune take part in the long-term sperm storage in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - William V Holt
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ping Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Linli Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiangkun Han
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xunguang Bian
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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24
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Conte M, Martucci M, Sandri M, Franceschi C, Salvioli S. The Dual Role of the Pervasive "Fattish" Tissue Remodeling With Age. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:114. [PMID: 30863366 PMCID: PMC6400104 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human aging is characterized by dramatic changes in body mass composition that include a general increase of the total fat mass. Within the fat mass, a change in the proportions of adipose tissues also occurs with aging, affecting body metabolism, and playing a central role in many chronic diseases, including insulin resistance, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and type II diabetes. In mammals, fat accumulates as white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissue, which differ both in morphology and function. While WAT is involved in lipid storage and immuno-endocrine responses, BAT is aimed at generating heat. With advancing age BAT declines, while WAT increases reaching the maximum peak by early old age and changes its distribution toward a higher proportion of visceral WAT. However, lipids tend to accumulate also within lipid droplets (LDs) in non-adipose tissues, including muscle, liver, and heart. The excess of such ectopic lipid deposition and the alteration of LD homeostasis contribute to the pathogenesis of the above-mentioned age-related diseases. It is not clear why age-associated tissue remodeling seems to lean toward lipid deposition as a "default program." However, it can be noted that such remodeling is not inevitably detrimental. In fact, such a programmed redistribution of fat throughout life could be considered physiological and even protective, in particular at extreme old age. In this regard, it has to be considered that an excessive decrease of subcutaneous peripheral fat is associated with a pro-inflammatory status, and a decrease of LD is associated with lipotoxicity leading to an increased risk of insulin resistance, type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. At variance, a balanced rate of fat content and distribution has beneficial effects for health and metabolic homeostasis, positively affecting longevity. In this review, we will summarize the present knowledge on the mechanisms of the age-related changes in lipid distribution and we will discuss how fat mass negatively or positively impacts on human health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Conte
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Conte
| | - Morena Martucci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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25
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Chen H, Huang Y, Yang P, Liu T, Ahmed N, Wang L, Wang T, Bai X, Haseeb A, Chen Q. Lipophagy contributes to long-term storage of spermatozoa in the epididymis of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:774-786. [DOI: 10.1071/rd18307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatozoa are known to be stored in the epididymis of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis for long periods after spermiation from the testes, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this storage are largely unknown. In this study, epididymal spermatozoa were investigated to determine the potential molecular mechanism for long-term sperm storage in P. sinensis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Oil red O staining indicated that unusually large cytoplasmic droplets containing lipid droplets (LDs) were attached to the epididymal spermatozoa. However, the content of LDs decreased gradually with the sperm storage. LDs were surrounded by autophagic vesicles and sequestered as degradative cargo within autophagosome. Immunofluorescence and western blotting demonstrated that autophagy in spermatozoa increased gradually with the storage time. Invitro studies found that spermatozoa obtained from soft-shelled turtles in January can survive more than 40 days at 4°C. Furthermore, immunofluorescence and TEM showed that autophagy was involved in the degradation of LDs with the extension of sperm incubation. Inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine significantly suppressed LD degradation. Moreover, adipose triglyceride lipase was involved in the metabolism of LDs. These findings indicate that lipophagy was activated to maximise LD breakdown, which contributes to long-term sperm storage in the epididymis of P. sinensis.
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Admasu TD, Chaithanya Batchu K, Barardo D, Ng LF, Lam VYM, Xiao L, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Wenk MR, Tolwinski NS, Gruber J. Drug Synergy Slows Aging and Improves Healthspan through IGF and SREBP Lipid Signaling. Dev Cell 2018; 47:67-79.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Gáliková M, Klepsatel P. Obesity and Aging in the Drosophila Model. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071896. [PMID: 29954158 PMCID: PMC6073435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Being overweight increases the risk of many metabolic disorders, but how it affects lifespan is not completely clear. Not all obese people become ill, and the exact mechanism that turns excessive fat storage into a health-threatening state remains unknown. Drosophila melanogaster has served as an excellent model for many diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and hyperglycemia-associated disorders, such as cardiomyopathy or nephropathy. Here, we review the connections between fat storage and aging in different types of fly obesity. Whereas obesity induced by high-fat or high-sugar diet is associated with hyperglycemia, cardiomyopathy, and in some cases, shortening of lifespan, there are also examples in which obesity correlates with longevity. Transgenic lines with downregulations of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IIS) and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathways, flies reared under dietary restriction, and even certain longevity selection lines are obese, yet long-lived. The mechanisms that underlie the differential lifespans in distinct types of obesity remain to be elucidated, but fat turnover, inflammatory pathways, and dysregulations of glucose metabolism may play key roles. Altogether, Drosophila is an excellent model to study the physiology of adiposity in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Gáliková
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 18B, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Peter Klepsatel
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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28
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Nitrogen-starvation triggers cellular accumulation of triacylglycerol in Metarhizium robertsii. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:410-419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Tambellini NP, Zaremberg V, Krishnaiah S, Turner RJ, Weljie AM. Primary Metabolism and Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Alterations Precede Long-Chain Fatty Acid Changes Impacting Neutral Lipid Metabolism in Response to an Anticancer Lysophosphatidylcholine Analogue in Yeast. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:3741-3752. [PMID: 28849941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nonmetabolizable lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) analogue edelfosine is the prototype of a class of compounds being investigated for their potential as selective chemotherapeutic agents. Edelfosine targets membranes, disturbing cellular homeostasis. Is not clear at this point how membrane alterations are communicated between intracellular compartments leading to growth inhibition and eventual cell death. In the present study, a combined metabolomics/lipidomics approach for the unbiased identification of metabolic pathways altered in yeast treated with sublethal concentrations of the LysoPC analogue was employed. Mass spectrometry of polar metabolites, fatty acids, and lipidomic profiling was used to study the effects of edelfosine on yeast metabolism. Amino acid and sugar metabolism, the Krebs cycle, and fatty acid profiles were most disrupted, with polar metabolites and short-medium chain fatty acid changes preceding long and very long-chain fatty acid variations. Initial increases in metabolites such as trehalose, proline, and γ-amino butyric acid with a concomitant decrease in metabolites of the Krebs cycle, citrate and fumarate, are interpreted as a cellular attempt to offset oxidative stress in response to mitochondrial dysfunction induced by the treatment. Notably, alanine, inositol, and myristoleic acid showed a steady increase during the period analyzed (2, 4, and 6 h after treatment). Of importance was the finding that edelfosine induced significant alterations in neutral glycerolipid metabolism resulting in a significant increase in the signaling lipid diacylglycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas P Tambellini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.,Metabolomics Research Centre, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Vanina Zaremberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Saikumari Krishnaiah
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-5158, United States of America
| | - Raymond J Turner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.,Metabolomics Research Centre, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-5158, United States of America
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Abstract
Triacylglycerol is a universal storage molecule for metabolic energy in living organisms. However, Dictyostelium amoebae, that have accumulated storage fat from added fatty acids do not progress through the starvation period preceding the development of the durable spore. Mutants deficient in genes of fat metabolism, such as fcsA, encoding a fatty acid activating enzyme, or dgat1 and dgat2, specifying proteins that synthesize triacylglycerol, strongly increase their chances to contribute to the spore fraction of the developing fruiting body, but lose the ability to produce storage fat efficiently. Dictyostelium seipin, an orthologue of a human protein that in patients causes the complete loss of adipose tissue when mutated, does not quantitatively affect fat storage in the amoeba. Dictyostelium seiP knockout mutants have lipid droplets that are enlarged in size but reduced in number. These mutants are as vulnerable as the wild type when exposed to fatty acids during their vegetative growth phase, and do not efficiently enter the spore head in Dictyostelium development. Summary: In contrast to many living organisms, storage fat is not beneficial for Dictyostelium cells when progressing through starvation and subsequent development of a dormant stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Kornke
- Abteilung Zellbiologie, Universität Kassel, D-34109 Kassel, Germany
| | - Markus Maniak
- Abteilung Zellbiologie, Universität Kassel, D-34109 Kassel, Germany
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31
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Leonov A, Feldman R, Piano A, Arlia-Ciommo A, Lutchman V, Ahmadi M, Elsaser S, Fakim H, Heshmati-Moghaddam M, Hussain A, Orfali S, Rajen H, Roofigari-Esfahani N, Rosanelli L, Titorenko VI. Caloric restriction extends yeast chronological lifespan via a mechanism linking cellular aging to cell cycle regulation, maintenance of a quiescent state, entry into a non-quiescent state and survival in the non-quiescent state. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69328-69350. [PMID: 29050207 PMCID: PMC5642482 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A yeast culture grown in a nutrient-rich medium initially containing 2% glucose is not limited in calorie supply. When yeast cells cultured in this medium consume glucose, they undergo cell cycle arrest at a checkpoint in late G1 and differentiate into quiescent and non-quiescent cell populations. Studies of such differentiation have provided insights into mechanisms of yeast chronological aging under conditions of excessive calorie intake. Caloric restriction is an aging-delaying dietary intervention. Here, we assessed how caloric restriction influences the differentiation of chronologically aging yeast cultures into quiescent and non-quiescent cells, and how it affects their properties. We found that caloric restriction extends yeast chronological lifespan via a mechanism linking cellular aging to cell cycle regulation, maintenance of quiescence, entry into a non-quiescent state and survival in this state. Our findings suggest that caloric restriction delays yeast chronological aging by causing specific changes in the following: 1) a checkpoint in G1 for cell cycle arrest and entry into a quiescent state; 2) a growth phase in which high-density quiescent cells are committed to become low-density quiescent cells; 3) the differentiation of low-density quiescent cells into low-density non-quiescent cells; and 4) the conversion of high-density quiescent cells into high-density non-quiescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leonov
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rachel Feldman
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amanda Piano
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Vicky Lutchman
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Masoumeh Ahmadi
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah Elsaser
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hana Fakim
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Asimah Hussain
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sandra Orfali
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Leana Rosanelli
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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32
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Lizardo DY, Lin YL, Gokcumen O, Atilla-Gokcumen GE. Regulation of lipids is central to replicative senescence. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:498-509. [PMID: 28128379 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00842a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular replicative senescence, a state of permanent cell-cycle arrest, has been linked to organismal aging, tissue repair and tumorigenesis. In this study, we comparatively investigated the global lipid profiles and mRNA content of proliferating and senescent-state BJ fibroblasts. We found that both expression levels of lipid-regulating genes and the abundance of specific lipid families, are actively regulated. We further found that 19 specific polyunsaturated triacylglycerol species constituted the most prominent changes in lipid composition during replicative senescence. Based on the transcriptome analysis, we propose that the activation of CD36-mediated fatty acid uptake and diversion to glycerolipid biosynthesis could be responsible for the accumulation of triacylglycerols during replicative senescence. This, in turn, could be a cellular mechanism to prevent lipotoxicity under increased oxidative stress conditions observed in this process. Our results indicate that regulation of specific lipid species has a central role during replicative senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darleny Y Lizardo
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
| | - Yen-Lung Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
| | - Omer Gokcumen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
| | - G Ekin Atilla-Gokcumen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
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Fan J, Yu L, Xu C. A Central Role for Triacylglycerol in Membrane Lipid Breakdown, Fatty Acid β-Oxidation, and Plant Survival under Extended Darkness. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:1517-1530. [PMID: 28572457 PMCID: PMC5490926 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Neutral lipid metabolism is a key aspect of intracellular homeostasis and energy balance and plays a vital role in cell survival under adverse conditions, including nutrient deprivation in yeast and mammals, but the role of triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism in plant stress response remains largely unknown. By thoroughly characterizing mutants defective in SUGAR-DEPENDENT1 (SDP1) triacylglycerol lipase or PEROXISOMAL ABC TRANSPORTER 1 (PXA1), here we show that TAG is a key intermediate in the mobilization of fatty acids from membrane lipids for peroxisomal β-oxidation under prolonged dark treatment. Disruption of SDP1 increased TAG accumulation in cytosolic lipid droplets and markedly enhanced plant tolerance to extended darkness. We demonstrate that blocking TAG hydrolysis enhances plant tolerance to dark treatment via two distinct mechanisms. In pxa1 mutants, in which free fatty acids accumulated rapidly under extended darkness, SDP1 disruption resulted in a marked decrease in levels of cytotoxic lipid intermediates such as free fatty acids and phosphatidic acid, suggesting a buffer function of TAG accumulation against lipotoxicity under fatty acid overload. In the wild type, in which free fatty acids remained low and unchanged under dark treatment, disruption of SDP1 caused a decrease in reactive oxygen species production and hence the level of lipid peroxidation, indicating a role of TAG in protection against oxidative damage. Overall, our findings reveal a crucial role for TAG metabolism in membrane lipid breakdown, fatty acid turnover, and plant survival under extended darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilian Fan
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Linhui Yu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Changcheng Xu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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34
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Mechanisms Underlying the Essential Role of Mitochondrial Membrane Lipids in Yeast Chronological Aging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:2916985. [PMID: 28593023 PMCID: PMC5448074 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2916985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The functional state of mitochondria is vital to cellular and organismal aging in eukaryotes across phyla. Studies in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have provided evidence that age-related changes in some aspects of mitochondrial functionality can create certain molecular signals. These signals can then define the rate of cellular aging by altering unidirectional and bidirectional communications between mitochondria and other organelles. Several aspects of mitochondrial functionality are known to impact the replicative and/or chronological modes of yeast aging. They include mitochondrial electron transport, membrane potential, reactive oxygen species, and protein synthesis and proteostasis, as well as mitochondrial synthesis of iron-sulfur clusters, amino acids, and NADPH. Our recent findings have revealed that the composition of mitochondrial membrane lipids is one of the key aspects of mitochondrial functionality affecting yeast chronological aging. We demonstrated that exogenously added lithocholic bile acid can delay chronological aging in yeast because it elicits specific changes in mitochondrial membrane lipids. These changes allow mitochondria to operate as signaling platforms that delay yeast chronological aging by orchestrating an institution and maintenance of a distinct cellular pattern. In this review, we discuss molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the essential role of mitochondrial membrane lipids in yeast chronological aging.
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35
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Bredeweg EL, Pomraning KR, Dai Z, Nielsen J, Kerkhoven EJ, Baker SE. A molecular genetic toolbox for Yarrowia lipolytica. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:2. [PMID: 28066508 PMCID: PMC5210315 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yarrowia lipolytica is an ascomycete yeast used in biotechnological research for its abilities to secrete high concentrations of proteins and accumulate lipids. Genetic tools have been made in a variety of backgrounds with varying similarity to a comprehensively sequenced strain. RESULTS We have developed a set of genetic and molecular tools in order to expand capabilities of Y. lipolytica for both biological research and industrial bioengineering applications. In this work, we generated a set of isogenic auxotrophic strains with decreased non-homologous end joining for targeted DNA incorporation. Genome sequencing, assembly, and annotation of this genetic background uncovers previously unidentified genes in Y. lipolytica. To complement these strains, we constructed plasmids with Y. lipolytica-optimized superfolder GFP for targeted overexpression and fluorescent tagging. We used these tools to build the "Yarrowia lipolytica Cell Atlas," a collection of strains with endogenous fluorescently tagged organelles in the same genetic background, in order to define organelle morphology in live cells. CONCLUSIONS These molecular and isogenetic tools are useful for live assessment of organelle-specific protein expression, and for localization of lipid biosynthetic enzymes or other proteins in Y. lipolytica. This work provides the Yarrowia community with tools for cell biology and metabolism research in Y. lipolytica for further development of biofuels and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L. Bredeweg
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354 USA
- Department of Energy, Battelle EMSL, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Kyle R. Pomraning
- Chemical & Biological Process Development Group, Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratories, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Ziyu Dai
- Chemical & Biological Process Development Group, Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratories, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Eduard J. Kerkhoven
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Scott E. Baker
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354 USA
- Department of Energy, Battelle EMSL, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
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36
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Li X, Handee W, Kuo MH. The slim, the fat, and the obese: guess who lives the longest? Curr Genet 2016; 63:43-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-016-0617-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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