1
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Li G, Zhao Y. The critical roles of three sugar-related proteins (HXK, SnRK1, TOR) in regulating plant growth and stress responses. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae099. [PMID: 38863993 PMCID: PMC11165164 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Sugar signaling is one of the most critical regulatory signals in plants, and its metabolic network contains multiple regulatory factors. Sugar signal molecules regulate cellular activities and organism development by combining with other intrinsic regulatory factors and environmental inputs. HXK, SnRK1, and TOR are three fundamental proteins that have a pivotal role in the metabolism of sugars in plants. HXK, being the initial glucose sensor discovered in plants, is renowned for its multifaceted characteristics. Recent investigations have unveiled that HXK additionally assumes a significant role in plant hormonal signaling and abiotic stress. SnRK1 serves as a vital regulator of growth under energy-depleted circumstances, whereas TOR, a large protein, acts as a central integrator of signaling pathways that govern cell metabolism, organ development, and transcriptome reprogramming in response to diverse stimuli. Together, these two proteins work to sense upstream signals and modulate downstream signals to regulate cell growth and proliferation. In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of research on these three proteins, particularly on TOR and SnRK1. Furthermore, studies have found that these three proteins not only regulate sugar signaling but also exhibit certain signal crosstalk in regulating plant growth and development. This review provides a comprehensive overview and summary of the basic functions and regulatory networks of these three proteins. It aims to serve as a reference for further exploration of the interactions between these three proteins and their involvement in co-regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshuo Li
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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2
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Pei Z, Huang Y, Ni J, Liu Y, Yang Q. For a Colorful Life: Recent Advances in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis during Leaf Senescence. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:329. [PMID: 38785811 PMCID: PMC11117936 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is the last stage of leaf development, and it is accompanied by a leaf color change. In some species, anthocyanins are accumulated during leaf senescence, which are vital indicators for both ornamental and commercial value. Therefore, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation during leaf senescence, which would provide new insight into autumn coloration and molecular breeding for more colorful plants. Anthocyanin accumulation is a surprisingly complex process, and significant advances have been made in the past decades. In this review, we focused on leaf coloration during senescence. We emphatically discussed several networks linked to genetic, hormonal, environmental, and nutritional factors in regulating anthocyanin accumulation during leaf senescence. This paper aims to provide a regulatory model for leaf coloration and to put forward some prospects for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.P.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
- Research Center of Deciduous Oaks, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yifei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.P.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
- Research Center of Deciduous Oaks, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junbei Ni
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.P.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
- Research Center of Deciduous Oaks, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qinsong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.P.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
- Research Center of Deciduous Oaks, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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3
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Cao X, Guo Z, Wang P, Lu S, Li W, Ma Z, Mao J, Chen B. MdbZIP44-MdCPRF2-like- Mdα-GP2 regulate starch and sugar metabolism in apple under nitrogen supply. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae072. [PMID: 38725457 PMCID: PMC11079487 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is regarded as an essential macronutrient and is tightly associated with carbon (C) metabolism in plants. The transcriptome data obtained from this study showed that the expression level of the apple basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor (TF) MdbZIP44 was up-regulated in 'Oregon Spur Delicious' (Malus domestica Borkh.) apple fruits under nitrogen supply. MdbZIP44 bound to the promoter of Mdα-GP2 gene and inhibited its expression, thereby promoting starch accumulation and decreasing glucose content in apple and tomato fruits. Besides, overexpression of MdbZIP44 promoted sucrose accumulation by regulating the activities of sucrose metabolism-related enzymes and the expression of sugar metabolism-related genes in apple callus and tomato fruits. Furthermore, biochemical assays indicated that MdbZIP44 directly interacted with MdCPRF2-like, another bZIP gene in apple. Meanwhile, this study found that MdCPRF2-like, along with the MdbZIP44 and MdCPRF2-like complex, could activate the expression of Mdα-GP2, respectively. In conclusion, this study provides a new reference for potential mechanisms underlying that MdbZIP44-MdCPRF2-like-Mdα-GP2 regulates starch and sugar metabolism under nitrogen supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Cao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741000, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shixiong Lu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wenfang Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zonghuan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Juan Mao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Baihong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Gao S, Yin M, Xu M, Zhang H, Li S, Han Y, Ji S, Li X, Du G. Transcription factors PuPRE6/PuMYB12 and histone deacetylase PuHDAC9-like regulate sucrose levels in pear. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1577-1592. [PMID: 38006319 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of fruit quality, in particular sugar content, has been a major goal of plant breeding programmes for many years. Here, 2 varieties of the Ussurian pear (Pyrus ussuriensis), Nanguo, and its high-sucrose accumulation bud sport, Nanhong, were used to study the molecular mechanisms regulating sucrose transport in fruits. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that in Nanhong fruit, an MYB transcription factor, PuMYB12, and a sucrose transporter protein, PuSUT4-like, were expressed at higher levels, while a paclobutrazol resistance transcription factor, PuPRE6, and a histone deacetylase (HDAC), PuHDAC9-like, were expressed at lower levels in Nanguo fruit. PuSUT4-like silencing and overexpression experiments in Nanguo pear showed that PuSUT4-like is essential for sucrose transportation. PuPRE6 and PuMYB12 act as antagonistic complexes to regulate PuSUT4-like transcription and sucrose accumulation. The histone deacetylation levels of the PuMYB12 and PuSUT4-like promoters were higher in Nanguo fruit than in Nanhong fruit, and Y1H assays showed that HDAC PuHDAC9-like bound directly to the promoters of PuMYB12 and PuSUT4-like. Our results uncovered transcription regulation and epigenetic mechanisms underlying sucrose accumulation in pears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Mingxin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Mingyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - He Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yinxiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shujuan Ji
- Department of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Department of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Guodong Du
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Niu M, Chen X, Guo Y, Song J, Cui J, Wang L, Su N. Sugar Signals and R2R3-MYBs Participate in Potassium-Repressed Anthocyanin Accumulation in Radish. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1601-1616. [PMID: 37862259 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants is influenced by a wide range of environmental factors, such as light, temperature and nutrient availability. In this study, we revealed that the potassium-repressed anthocyanin accumulation in radish hypocotyls was associated with altered sugar distribution and sugar signaling pathways rather than changes in oxidative stress status. Sugar-feeding experiments suggested a hexokinase-independent glucose signal acted as a major contributor in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis, transport and regulatory genes at the transcriptional level. Several R2R3-MYBs were identified as anthocyanin-related MYBs. Phylogenetic and protein sequence analyses suggested that RsMYB75 met the criteria of subgroup 6 MYB activator, while RsMYB39 and RsMYB82 seemed to be a non-canonical MYB anthocyanin activator and repressor, respectively. Through yeast-one-hybrid, dual-luciferase and transient expression assays, we confirmed that RsMYB39 strongly induced the promoter activity of anthocyanin transport-related gene RsGSTF12, while RsMYB82 significantly reduced anthocyanin biosynthesis gene RsANS1 expression. Molecular models are proposed in the discussion, allowing speculation on how these novel RsMYBs may regulate the expression levels of anthocyanin-related structural genes. Together, our data evidenced the strong impacts of potassium on sugar metabolism and signaling and its regulation of anthocyanin accumulation through different sugar signals and R2R3-MYBs in a hierarchical regulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1, Weigang, Xiaoling Wei Street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1, Weigang, Xiaoling Wei Street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Youyou Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1, Weigang, Xiaoling Wei Street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jinxue Song
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1, Weigang, Xiaoling Wei Street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jin Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Nana Su
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1, Weigang, Xiaoling Wei Street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
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Khan A, Cheng J, Kitashova A, Fürtauer L, Nägele T, Picco C, Scholz-Starke J, Keller I, Neuhaus HE, Pommerrenig B. Vacuolar sugar transporter EARLY RESPONSE TO DEHYDRATION6-LIKE4 affects fructose signaling and plant growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2141-2163. [PMID: 37427783 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of intracellular sugar homeostasis is maintained by regulation of activities of sugar import and export proteins residing at the tonoplast. We show here that the EARLY RESPONSE TO DEHYDRATION6-LIKE4 (ERDL4) protein, a member of the monosaccharide transporter family, resides in the vacuolar membrane in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Gene expression and subcellular fractionation studies indicated that ERDL4 participates in fructose allocation across the tonoplast. Overexpression of ERDL4 increased total sugar levels in leaves due to a concomitantly induced stimulation of TONOPLAST SUGAR TRANSPORTER 2 (TST2) expression, coding for the major vacuolar sugar loader. This conclusion is supported by the finding that tst1-2 knockout lines overexpressing ERDL4 lack increased cellular sugar levels. ERDL4 activity contributing to the coordination of cellular sugar homeostasis is also indicated by 2 further observations. First, ERDL4 and TST genes exhibit an opposite regulation during a diurnal rhythm, and second, the ERDL4 gene is markedly expressed during cold acclimation, representing a situation in which TST activity needs to be upregulated. Moreover, ERDL4-overexpressing plants show larger rosettes and roots, a delayed flowering time, and increased total seed yield. Consistently, erdl4 knockout plants show impaired cold acclimation and freezing tolerance along with reduced plant biomass. In summary, we show that modification of cytosolic fructose levels influences plant organ development and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azkia Khan
- Plant Physiology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 22, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jintao Cheng
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Anastasia Kitashova
- Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität München, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lisa Fürtauer
- Institute for Biology III, Unit of Plant Molecular Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität München, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Cristiana Picco
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via De Marini 6, I-16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Joachim Scholz-Starke
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via De Marini 6, I-16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Isabel Keller
- Plant Physiology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 22, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 22, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Plant Physiology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 22, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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7
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Vanderwall M, Gendron JM. HEXOKINASE1 and glucose-6-phosphate fuel plant growth and development. Development 2023; 150:dev202346. [PMID: 37842778 PMCID: PMC10617624 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
As photoautotrophic organisms, plants produce an incredible spectrum of pigments, anti-herbivory compounds, structural materials and energic intermediates. These biosynthetic routes help plants grow, reproduce and mitigate stress. HEXOKINASE1 (HXK1), a metabolic enzyme and glucose sensor, catalyzes the phosphorylation of hexoses, a key introductory step for many of these pathways. However, previous studies have largely focused on the glucose sensing and signaling functions of HXK1, and the importance of the enzyme's catalytic function is only recently being connected to plant development. In this brief Spotlight, we describe the developmental significance of plant HXK1 and its role in plant metabolic pathways, specifically in glucose-6-phosphate production. Furthermore, we describe the emerging connections between metabolism and development and suggest that HXK1 signaling and catalytic activity regulate discrete areas of plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Vanderwall
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Joshua M. Gendron
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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8
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Guo WJ, Pommerrenig B, Neuhaus HE, Keller I. Interaction between sugar transport and plant development. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 288:154073. [PMID: 37603910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous programs and constant interaction with the environment regulate the development of the plant organism and its individual organs. Sugars are necessary building blocks for plant and organ growth and at the same time act as critical integrators of the metabolic state into the developmental program. There is a growing recognition that the specific type of sugar and its subcellular or tissue distribution is sensed and translated to developmental responses. Therefore, the transport of sugars across membranes is a key process in adapting plant organ properties and overall development to the nutritional state of the plant. In this review, we discuss how plants exploit various sugar transporters to signal growth responses, for example, to control the development of sink organs such as roots or fruits. We highlight which sugar transporters are involved in root and shoot growth and branching, how intracellular sugar allocation can regulate senescence, and, for example, control fruit development. We link the important transport processes to downstream signaling cascades and elucidate the factors responsible for the integration of sugar signaling and plant hormone responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woei-Jiun Guo
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin Schrödinger Str., 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin Schrödinger Str., 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Isabel Keller
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin Schrödinger Str., 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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9
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Wang W, Wang Y, Chen T, Qin G, Tian S. Current insights into posttranscriptional regulation of fleshy fruit ripening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1785-1798. [PMID: 36250906 PMCID: PMC10315313 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is a complicated process that is accompanied by the formation of fruit quality. It is not only regulated at the transcriptional level via transcription factors or DNA methylation but also fine-tuned after transcription occurs. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of key regulatory mechanisms of fleshy fruit ripening after transcription. We mainly highlight the typical mechanisms by which fruit ripening is controlled, namely, alternative splicing, mRNA N6-methyladenosine RNA modification methylation, and noncoding RNAs at the posttranscriptional level; regulation of translation efficiency and upstream open reading frame-mediated translational repression at the translational level; and histone modifications, protein phosphorylation, and protein ubiquitination at the posttranslational level. Taken together, these posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms, along with transcriptional regulation, constitute the molecular framework of fruit ripening. We also critically discuss the potential usage of some mechanisms to improve fruit traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Guozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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10
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Meng D, Cao H, Yang Q, Zhang M, Borejsza-Wysocka E, Wang H, Dandekar AM, Fei Z, Cheng L. SnRK1 kinase-mediated phosphorylation of transcription factor bZIP39 regulates sorbitol metabolism in apple. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:2123-2142. [PMID: 37067900 PMCID: PMC10315300 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Sorbitol is a major photosynthate produced in leaves and transported through the phloem of apple (Malus domestica) and other tree fruits in Rosaceae. Sorbitol stimulates its own metabolism, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here, we show that sucrose nonfermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) is involved in regulating the sorbitol-responsive expression of both SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE 1 (SDH1) and ALDOSE-6-PHOSPHATE REDUCTASE (A6PR), encoding 2 key enzymes in sorbitol metabolism. SnRK1 expression is increased by feeding of exogenous sorbitol but decreased by sucrose. SnRK1 interacts with and phosphorylates the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor bZIP39. bZIP39 binds to the promoters of both SDH1 and A6PR and activates their expression. Overexpression of SnRK1 in 'Royal Gala' apple increases its protein level and activity, upregulating transcript levels of both SDH1 and A6PR without altering the expression of bZIP39. Of all the sugars tested, sorbitol is the only 1 that stimulates SDH1 and A6PR expression, and this stimulation is blocked by RNA interference (RNAi)-induced repression of either SnRK1 or bZIP39. These findings reveal that sorbitol acts as a signal regulating its own metabolism via SnRK1-mediated phosphorylation of bZIP39, which integrates sorbitol signaling into the SnRK1-mediated sugar signaling network to modulate plant carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Meng
- Section of Horticulture, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongyan Cao
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qing Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mengxia Zhang
- Section of Horticulture, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ewa Borejsza-Wysocka
- Section of Horticulture, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Huicong Wang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Abhaya M Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Lailiang Cheng
- Section of Horticulture, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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11
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Jezek M, Allan AC, Jones JJ, Geilfus CM. Why do plants blush when they are hungry? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:494-505. [PMID: 36810736 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Foliar anthocyanins, as well as other secondary metabolites, accumulate transiently under nutritional stress. A misconception that only nitrogen or phosphorus deficiency induces leaf purpling/reddening has led to overuse of fertilizers that burden the environment. Here, we emphasize that several other nutritional imbalances induce anthocyanin accumulation, and nutrient-specific differences in this response have been reported for some deficiencies. A range of ecophysiological functions have been attributed to anthocyanins. We discuss the proposed functions and signalling pathways that elicit anthocyanin synthesis in nutrient-stressed leaves. Knowledge from the fields of genetics, molecular biology, ecophysiology and plant nutrition is combined to deduce how and why anthocyanins accumulate under nutritional stress. Future research to fully understand the mechanisms and nuances of foliar anthocyanin accumulation in nutrient-stressed crops could be utilized to allow these leaf pigments to act as bioindicators for demand-oriented application of fertilizers. This would benefit the environment, being timely due to the increasing impact of the climate crisis on crop performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Jezek
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (Plant & Food Research), Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jeffrey J Jones
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 1, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph-Martin Geilfus
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Straße 1, 65366, Geisenheim, Germany
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12
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Liao HS, Chen YJ, Hsieh WY, Li YC, Hsieh MH. Arabidopsis ACT DOMAIN REPEAT9 represses glucose signaling pathways. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1532-1547. [PMID: 36843191 PMCID: PMC10231364 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient sensing and signaling are critical for plants to coordinate growth and development in response to nutrient availability. Plant ACT DOMAIN REPEAT (ACR) proteins have been proposed to serve as nutrient sensors, but their functions remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ACR9 might function as a repressor in glucose (Glc) signaling pathways. ACR9 was highly expressed in the leaves, and its expression was downregulated by sugars. Interestingly, the acr9-1 and acr9-2 T-DNA insertion mutants were hypersensitive to Glc during seedling growth, development, and anthocyanin accumulation. Nitrogen deficiency increased the mutants' sensitivity to Glc. The expression of sugar-responsive genes was also significantly enhanced in the acr9 mutants. By contrast, the 35S:ACR9 and 35S:ACR9-GFP overexpression (OE) lines were insensitive to Glc during early seedling development. The Glc signaling pathway is known to interact with the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA). Notably, the acr9 mutants were also hypersensitive to ABA during early seedling development. The Glc sensor HEXOKINASE1 (HXK1) and the energy sensor SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING1 (SNF1)-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE1 (SnRK1) are key components of the Glc signaling pathways. The acr9-1/hxk1-3 and acr9-1/snrk1 double mutants were no longer hypersensitive to Glc, indicating that functional HXK1 and SnRK1 were required for the acr9-1 mutant to be hypersensitive to Glc. Together, these results suggest that ACR9 is a repressor of the Glc signaling pathway, which may act independently or upstream of the HXK1-SnRK1 signaling module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jhu Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiou Li
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiun Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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13
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Sheng C, Li X, Xia S, Zhang Y, Yu Z, Tang C, Xu L, Wang Z, Zhang X, Zhou T, Nie P, Baig A, Niu D, Zhao H. An OsPRMT5-OsAGO2/miR1875-OsHXK1 module regulates rice immunity to blast disease. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:1077-1095. [PMID: 36511124 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rice ARGONAUTE2 (OsAGO2) is a core component of the rice RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which is repressed by Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) infection. Whether and how OsAGO2-mediated gene silencing plays a role in rice blast resistance and which sRNAs participate in this process are unknown. Our results indicate that OsAGO2 is a key immune player that manipulates rice defense responses against blast disease. OsAGO2 associates with the 24-nt miR1875 and binds to the promoter region of HEXOKINASE1 (OsHXK1), which causes DNA methylation and leads to gene silencing. Our multiple genetic evidence showed that, without M. oryzae infection, OsAGO2/miR1875 RISC promoted OsHXK1 promoter DNA methylation and OsHXK1 silencing; after M. oryzae infection, the reduced OsAGO2/miR1875 led to a relatively activated OsHXK1 expression. OsHXK1 acts as a positive regulator of blast disease resistance that OsHXK1-OE rice exhibited enhanced resistance, whereas Cas9-Oshxk1 rice showed reduced resistance against M. oryzae infection. OsHXK1 may function through its sugar sensor activity as glucose induced defense-related gene expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in Nipponbare and OsHXK1-OE but not in Cas9-Oshxk1 rice. OsAGO2 itself is delicately regulated by OsPRMT5, which senses M. oryzae infection and attenuates OsAGO2-mediated gene silencing through OsAGO2 arginine methylation. Our study reveals an OsPRMT5-OsAGO2/miR1875-OsHXK1 regulatory module that fine tunes the rice defense response to blast disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Sheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shengge Xia
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yimai Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ze Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhaoyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pingping Nie
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277000, China
| | - Ayesha Baig
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Dongdong Niu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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14
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Liu Y, Jiang Y, Liu X, Cheng H, Han Y, Zhang D, Wu J, Liu L, Yan M, Que Y, Zhou D. Identification and Expression Analysis of Hexokinases Family in Saccharum spontaneum L. under Drought and Cold Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1215. [PMID: 36986904 PMCID: PMC10056587 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the multi-gene family of dual-function hexokinases (HXKs) plays an important role in sugar metabolism and sensing, that affects growth and stress adaptation. Sugarcane is an important sucrose crop and biofuel crop. However, little is known about the HXK gene family in sugarcane. A comprehensive survey of sugarcane HXKs, including physicochemical properties, chromosomal distribution, conserved motifs, and gene structure was conducted, identifying 20 members of the SsHXK gene family that were located on seven of the 32 Saccharum spontaneum L. chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the SsHXK family could be divided into three subfamilies (group I, II and III). Motifs and gene structure were related to the classification of SsHXKs. Most SsHXKs contained 8-11 introns which was consistent with other monocots. Duplication event analysis indicated that HXKs in S. spontaneum L. primarily originated from segmental duplication. We also identified putative cis-elements in the SsHXK promoter regions which were involved in phytohormone, light and abiotic stress responses (drought, cold et al.). During normal growth and development, 17 SsHXKs were constitutively expressed in all ten tissues. Among them, SsHXK2, SsHXK12 and SsHXK14 had similar expression patterns and were more highly expressed than other genes at all times. The RNA-seq analysis showed that 14/20 SsHXKs had the highest expression level after cold stress for 6 h, especially SsHXK15, SsHXK16 and SsHXK18. As for drought treatment, 7/20 SsHXKs had the highest expression level after drought stress for 10 days, 3/20 (SsHKX1, SsHKX10 and SsHKX11) had the highest expression level after 10 days of recovery. Overall, our results revealed the potential biological function of SsHXKs, which may provide information for in-depth functional verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Yaolan Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Hefen Cheng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Yuekun Han
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Mingli Yan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Ministry of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dinggang Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Ministry of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Safe Utilization of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils, College of Hunan Province, Xiangtan 411201, China
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15
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Zhang S, Wang H, Wang T, Liu W, Zhang J, Fang H, Zhang Z, Peng F, Chen X, Wang N. MdMYB305-MdbHLH33-MdMYB10 regulates sugar and anthocyanin balance in red-fleshed apple fruits. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:1062-1079. [PMID: 36606413 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sugar and anthocyanin are important indicators of fruit quality, and understanding the mechanism underlying their accumulation is essential for breeding high-quality fruit. We identified an R2R3-MYB transcription factor MdMYB305 in the red-fleshed apple progeny, which was positively correlated with fruit sugar content but negatively correlated with anthocyanin content. Transient injection, stable expression [overexpressing and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)], and heterologous transformation of tomato confirmed that MdMYB305 promotes the accumulation of sugar and inhibits the synthesis of anthocyanin. A series of molecular experiments (such as electrophoretic mobility shift and luciferase assays) confirmed that MdMYB305 combines with sugar-related genes (MdCWI1/MdVGT3/MdTMT2) and anthocyanin-related genes (MdF3H/MdDFR/MdUFGT), promoting and inhibiting their activities, and finally regulating the sugar and anthocyanin content of fruits. In addition, the study also found that MdMYB305 competes with MdMYB10 for the MdbHLH33 binding site to balance sugar and anthocyanin accumulation in the fruits, which provides a reference value for exploring more functions of the MYB-bHLH-MYB complex and the balance relationship between sugar and anthocyanin in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hongcheng Fang
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in the Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Futian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
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16
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Wang JH, Gu KD, Zhang QY, Yu JQ, Wang CK, You CX, Cheng L, Hu DG. Ethylene inhibits malate accumulation in apple by transcriptional repression of aluminum-activated malate transporter 9 via the WRKY31-ERF72 network. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 36747049 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Malic acid accumulation in the vacuole largely determines acidity and perception of sweetness of apple. It has long been observed that reduction in malate level is associated with increase in ethylene production during the ripening process of climacteric fruits, but the molecular mechanism linking ethylene to malate reduction is unclear. Here, we show that ethylene-modulated WRKY transcription factor 31 (WRKY31)-Ethylene Response Factor 72 (ERF72)-ALUMINUM ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER 9 (Ma1) network regulates malate accumulation in apple fruit. ERF72 binds to the promoter of ALMT9, a key tonoplast transporter for malate accumulation of apple, transcriptionally repressing ALMT9 expression in response to ethylene. WRKY31 interacts with ERF72, suppressing its transcriptional inhibition activity on ALMT9. In addition, WRKY31 directly binds to the promoters of ERF72 and ALMT9, transcriptionally repressing and activating ERF72 and ALMT9, respectively. The expression of WRKY31 decreases in response to ethylene, lowering the transcription of ALMT9 directly and via its interactions with ERF72. These findings reveal that the regulatory complex WRKY31 forms with ERF72 responds to ethylene, linking the ethylene signal to ALMT9 expression in reducing malate transport into the vacuole during fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Kai-Di Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Quan-Yan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Chu-Kun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Lailiang Cheng
- Section of Horticulture, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
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17
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Xing Y, Sun W, Sun Y, Li J, Zhang J, Wu T, Song T, Yao Y, Tian J. MPK6-mediated HY5 phosphorylation regulates light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple fruit. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:283-301. [PMID: 36208018 PMCID: PMC9884024 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Light is known to regulate anthocyanin pigment biosynthesis in plants on several levels, but the significance of protein phosphorylation in light-induced anthocyanin accumulation needs further investigation. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of the apple fruit phosphoproteome in response to light, using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Among the differentially phosphorylated proteins, the bZIP (basic leucine zipper) transcription factor, HY5, which has been identified as an anthocyanin regulator, was rapidly activated by light treatment of the fruit. We hypothesized that phosphorylated MdHY5 may play a role in light-induced anthocyanin accumulation of apple fruit. Protein interaction and phosphorylation assays showed that mitogen-activated protein kinase MdMPK6 directly interacted with, and activated, MdHY5 via phosphorylation under light conditions, thereby increasing its stability. Consistent with this finding, the suppression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase genes MdMPK6 or MdHY5 resulted in an inhibition of anthocyanin accumulation, and further showed that light-induced anthocyanin accumulation is dependent on MdMPK6 kinase activity, and is required for maximum MdHY5 activity. Under light conditions, active MdMPK6 phosphorylated MdHY5 leading to accumulation of phospho-MdHY5, which enhanced the binding of MdHY5 to its target anthocyanin related genes in fruit. Our findings reveal an MdMPK6-MdHY5 phosphorylation pathway in light-induced anthocyanin accumulation, providing new insights into the regulation of light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple fruit at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xing
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
- Plant Science and Technology CollegeBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
- Plant Science and Technology CollegeBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Yuying Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
- Plant Science and Technology CollegeBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Jialin Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
- Plant Science and Technology CollegeBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
- Plant Science and Technology CollegeBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Ting Wu
- College of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tingting Song
- Plant Science and Technology CollegeBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Yuncong Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
- Plant Science and Technology CollegeBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Ji Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
- Plant Science and Technology CollegeBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
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18
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Wu R, Lin X, He J, Min A, Pang L, Wang Y, Lin Y, Zhang Y, He W, Li M, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Wang X, Tang H, Chen Q. Hexokinase1: A glucose sensor involved in drought stress response and sugar metabolism depending on its kinase activity in strawberry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1069830. [PMID: 36778691 PMCID: PMC9911861 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1069830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hexokinase1 (HXK1) is a bifunctional enzyme that plays indispensable roles in plant growth, nitrogen utilization, and stress resistance. However, information on the HXK family members of strawberries and their functions in glucose sensing and metabolic regulation is scarce. In the present study, four HXKs were firstly identified in the genome of Fragaria vesca and F. pentaphylla. The conserved domains of the HXK1s were confirmed, and a site-directed mutation (S177A) was introduced into the FpHXK1. FpHXK1, which shares the highest identity with the AtHXK1 was able to restore the glucose sensitivity and developmental defects of the Arabidopsis gin2-1 mutant, but not its kinase-activity-impaired mutant (FpHXK1S177A ). The transcription of FpHXK1 was dramatically up-regulated under PEG-simulated drought stress conditions. The inhibition of the HXK kinase activity delayed the strawberry plant's responses to drought stress. Transient overexpression of the FpHXK1 and its kinase-impaired mutant differentially affected the level of glucose, sucrose, anthocyanins, and total phenols in strawberry fruits. All these results indicated that the FpHXK1, acting as a glucose sensor, was involved in drought stress response and sugar metabolism depending on its kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqin Wu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ximeng Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinwei He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ailing Min
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Pang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen He
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoru Tang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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19
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Yi JW, Ge HT, Abbas F, Zhao JT, Huang XM, Hu GB, Wang HC. Function of a non-enzymatic hexokinase LcHXK1 as glucose sensor in regulating litchi fruit abscission. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:130-141. [PMID: 35951668 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fruit abscission is a severe hindrance to commercial crop production, and a lack of carbohydrates causes fruit abscission to intensify in a variety of plant species. However, the precise mechanism by which carbohydrates affect fruit setting potential has yet to be determined. In the current study, we noticed negative correlation between hexose level and fruit setting by comparing different cultivars, bearing shoots of varying diameters, and girdling and defoliation treatments. The cumulative fruit-dropping rate was significantly reduced in response to exogenous glucose dipping. These results suggested that hexose, especially glucose, is the key player in lowering litchi fruit abscission. Moreover, five putative litchi hexokinase genes (LcHXKs) were isolated and the subcellular localization as well as activity of their expressed proteins in catalyzing hexose phosphorylation were investigated. LcHXK2 was only found in mitochondria and expressed catalytic protein, whereas the other four HXKs were found in both mitochondria and nuclei and had no activity in catalyzing hexose phosphorylation. LcHXK1 and LcHXK4 were found in the same cluster as previously reported hexose sensors AtHXK1 and MdHXK1. Furthermore, VIGS-mediated silencing assay confirms that LcHXK1 suppression increases fruit abscission. These findings revealed that LcHXK1 functions as hexose sensor, negatively regulating litchi fruit abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wen Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Han-Tao Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Farhat Abbas
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie-Tang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xu-Ming Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Gui-Bing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui-Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Life Sciences and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling 408100, China
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20
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Ren R, Wan Z, Chen H, Zhang Z. The effect of inter-varietal variation in sugar hydrolysis and transport on sugar content and photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera L. leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 189:1-13. [PMID: 36030618 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sugar synthesis from photosynthesis and its utilization through sugar metabolism jointly determine leaf sugar content, and in contrast, excess sugar represses leaf photosynthesis. Although plant photosynthesis is affected by leaf sugar metabolism, the relationship between sugar metabolism and photosynthetic capacity of different grape genotypes remains unclear. In this study, two grape (Vitis vinifera L.) genotypes 'Riesling' (RI, high sugar content in leaf) and 'Petit Manseng' (PM, low sugar content in leaf) were used to evaluate the relationship between sugar metabolism and photosynthesis. Sugar content, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters, enzyme activity, and gene expression related to sucrose metabolism in leaves were measured, and the correlations between photosynthesis and sugar metabolism were assessed. The contents of sucrose and glucose were significantly higher in RI leaves than in PM leaves, while the fructose content pattern was reversed. Cell wall invertase activity for sucrose hydrolysis and the transcript levels of VvCWINV, VvHTs, VvTMT1, VvFKs, and VvHXK2 were also higher in RI leaves than in PM leaves, whereas that of VvHXK1 mediating glucose phosphorylation, was lower in RI leaves than in PM leaves. Net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and chlorophyll content were lower in RI leaves than in PM leaves and negatively correlated with glucose content, and the transcript levels of VvCWINV, VvHTs, VvTMT1, and VvHXK2. In conclusion, this study indicates that leaf sugar metabolism and transport are related to photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera L., which provides a theoretical basis for improving grape photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Ren
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Zhuowu Wan
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Huawei Chen
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; China Wine Industry Technology Institute, Room 1606, Zhongguancun Innovation Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China.
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21
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Yun P, Li Y, Wu B, Zhu Y, Wang K, Li P, Gao G, Zhang Q, Li X, Li Z, He Y. OsHXK3 encodes a hexokinase-like protein that positively regulates grain size in rice. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3417-3431. [PMID: 35941236 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report the map-based cloning and functional characterization of SNG1, which encodes OsHXK3, a hexokinase-like protein that plays a pivotal role in controlling grain size in rice. Grain size is an important agronomic trait determining grain yield and appearance quality in rice. Here, we report the discovery of rice mutant short and narrow grain1 (sng1) with reduced grain length, width and weight. Map-based cloning revealed that the mutant phenotype was caused by loss of function of gene OsHXK3 that encodes a hexokinase-like (HKL) protein. OsHXK3 was associated with the mitochondria and was ubiquitously distributed in various organs, predominately in younger organs. Analysis of glucose (Glc) phosphorylation activities in young panicles and protoplasts showed that OsHXK3 was a non-catalytic hexokinase (HXK). Overexpression of OsHXK3 could not complement the Arabidopsis glucose insensitive2-1 (gin2-1) mutant, indicating that OsHXK3 lacked Glc signaling activity. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that OsHXK3 affects grain size by promoting spikelet husk cell expansion. Knockout of other nine OsHXK genes except OsHXK3 individually did not change grain size, indicating that functions of OsHXKs have differentiated in rice. OsHXK3 influences gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and homeostasis. Compared with wild type, OsGA3ox2 was significantly up-regulated and OsGA2ox1 was significantly down-regulated in young panicle of sng1, and concentrations of biologically active GAs were significantly decreased in young panicles of the mutants. The yield per plant of OsHXK3 overexpression lines (OE-4 and OE-35) was increased by 10.91% and 7.62%, respectively, compared to that of wild type. Our results provide evidence that an HXK lacking catalytic and sensory functions plays an important role in grain size and has the potential to increase yield in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yibo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bian Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kaiyue Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pingbo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guanjun Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qinglu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zefu Li
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yuqing He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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22
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Luo M, Lu B, Shi Y, Zhao Y, Wei Z, Zhang C, Wang Y, Liu H, Shi Y, Yang J, Song W, Lu X, Fan Y, Xu L, Wang R, Zhao J. A newly characterized allele of ZmR1 increases anthocyanin content in whole maize plant and the regulation mechanism of different ZmR1 alleles. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3039-3055. [PMID: 35788748 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The novel ZmR1CQ01 allele for maize anthocyanin synthesis was identified, and the biological function and regulatory molecular mechanisms of three ZmR1 alleles were unveiled. Anthocyanins in maize are valuable to human health. The R1 gene family is one of the important regulatory genes for the tissue-specific distribution of anthocyanins. R1 gene allelic variations are abundant and its biological function and regulatory molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. By exploiting genetic mapping and transgenic verification, we found that anthocyanin pigmentation in maize leaf midrib was controlled by ZmR1 on chromosome 10. Allelism test of maize zmr1 EMS mutants confirmed that anthocyanin pigmentation in leaf sheath was also controlled by ZmR1. ZmR1CQ01 was a novel ZmR1 allelic variation obtained from purple maize. Its overexpression caused the whole maize plant to turn purple. ZmR1B73 allele confers anthocyanin accumulation in near ground leaf sheath rather than in leaf midribs. The mRNA expression level of ZmR1B73 was low in leaf midribs, resulting in no anthocyanin accumulation. ZmR1B73 overexpression promoted anthocyanin accumulation in leaf midribs. Loss of exon 5 resulted in ZmR1ZN3 allele function destruction and no anthocyanin accumulation in leaf midrib and leaf sheath. DNA affinity purification sequencing revealed 1010 genes targeted by ZmR1CQ01, including the bz2 in anthocyanin synthesis pathway. RNA-seq analysis showed 55 genes targeted by ZmR1CQ01 changed the expression level significantly, and the expression of genes encoding key enzymes in flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways were significantly up-regulated. ZmR1 functional molecular marker was developed. These results revealed the effects of transcriptional regulation and sequence variation on ZmR1 function and identified the genes targeted by ZmR1CQ01 at the genome-wide level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijie Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Baishan Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yaxing Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yanxin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Chunyuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yuandong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yamin Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jinxiao Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Wei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xiaoduo Lu
- Institute of Molecular Breeding for Maize, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, Shandong, China
| | - Yanli Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Li Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Ronghuan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
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23
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Lu X, Chen Z, Liao B, Han G, Shi D, Li Q, Ma Q, Zhu L, Zhu Z, Luo X, Fu S, Ren J. The chromosome-scale genome provides insights into pigmentation in Acer rubrum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 186:322-333. [PMID: 35932656 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acer rubrum L. is one of the most prevalent ornamental species of the genus Acer, due to its straight and tall stems and beautiful leaf colors. For this study, the Oxford Nanopore platform and Hi-C technology were employed to obtain a chromosome-scale genome for A. rubrum. The genome size of A. rubrum was 1.69 Gb with an N50 of 549.44 Kb, and a total of 39 pseudochromosomes were generated with a 99.61% genome. The A. rubrum genome was predicted to have 64644 genes, of which 97.34% were functionally annotated. Genome annotation identified 67.14% as the transposable element (TE) repeat sequence, with long terminal repeats (LTR) being the richest (55.68%). Genome evolution analysis indicated that A. rubrum diverged from A. yangbiense ∼6.34 million years ago. We identified 13 genes related to pigment synthesis in A. rubrum leaves, where the expressions of four ArF3'H genes were consistent with the synthesis of cyanidin (a key pigment) in red leaves. Correlation analysis verified that the pigmentation of A. rubrum leaves was under the coordinated regulation of non-structural carbohydrates and hormones. The genomic sequence of A. rubrum will facilitate genomic breeding research for this species, while providing the valuable utilization of Aceraceae resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Lu
- Cultural & Creative College, Anhui Finance & Trade Vocational College, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Buyan Liao
- Cultural & Creative College, Anhui Finance & Trade Vocational College, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Guomin Han
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Dan Shi
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Qianzhong Li
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Qiuyue Ma
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhu
- Ningbo City College of Vocational Technology, Ningbo, 315502, China
| | - Xumei Luo
- Anhui Academy of Forestry, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Songling Fu
- School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
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24
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Yin Y, Wang G, Liu Y, Wang XF, Gao W, Zhang S, You C. Simple Phenotypic Sensor for Visibly Tracking H 2O 2 Fluctuation to Detect Plant Health Status. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10058-10064. [PMID: 35939798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as a main component of reactive oxygen species (ROS), serves as a key signaling molecule relevant to plant stress response and health status. Many strategies have been developed for detecting or quantifying H2O2 concentration. However, reports on simply, visibly tracking H2O2 fluctuation in vivo are limited. Here, for visibly tracking the plant H2O2 wave, a green fluorescent phenotypic probe was designed by merging a H2O2-sensitive tertiary amine moiety with the core fluorophore tetraphenylethene skeleton. The green fluorescence emission is quenched up to 52% by H2O2 with good sensitivity, selectivity, and reversibility within the plant physiological range of 10-100 μM H2O2. In response to various abiotic stresses, including mechanical damage, high salt, strong light and drought, fluorescence fluctuations, response to H2O2 concentration alterations in vivo was visible to the naked eye under irradiation of commercially available UV light (365 nm) after simple injection of this H2O2 probe solution into seedling leaves. This phenotypic fluorescent H2O2 probe illustrates great potential as early sensors of plant health under stress without the aid of skillful operation and specialized equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yin
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Guanzhu Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yankai Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wensheng Gao
- Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chunxiang You
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
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25
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Zhang L, Chen W, Liu R, Shi B, Shu Y, Zhang H. Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of bHLH gene family in physic nut ( Jatropha curcas L.). PeerJ 2022; 10:e13786. [PMID: 35966923 PMCID: PMC9373979 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The basic helix loop helix (bHLH) transcription factor perform essential roles in plant development and abiotic stress. Here, a total of 122 bHLH family members were identified from the physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) genomic database. Chromosomal localization results showed that 120 members were located on 11 chromosomes. The phylogenetic tree manifested that the JcbHLHs could be grouped into 28 subfamilies. Syntenic analysis showed that there were 10 bHLH collinear genes among the physic nut, Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. These genes, except JcbHLH84, were highly expressed in various tissues of the physic nut, implying a key role in plant development. Gene expression profiles showed that ten genes (especially JcbHLH33, JcbHLH45 and JcbHLH55) correspond to both salinity and drought stresses; while eight genes only respond to salinity and another eight genes only respond to drought stress. Moreover, the protein interaction network revealed that the JcbHLHs are involved in growth, development and stress signal transduction pathways. These discoveries will help to excavate several key genes may involve in salt or drought stresses and seed development, elucidate the complex transcriptional regulation mechanism of JcbHLH genes and provide the theoretical basis for stress response and genetic improvement of physic nut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Ben Shi
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Youju Shu
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
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26
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Zhang L, Yan L, Zhang C, Kong X, Zheng Y, Dong L. Glucose Supply Induces PsMYB2-Mediated Anthocyanin Accumulation in Paeonia suffruticosa 'Tai Yang' Cut Flower. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:874526. [PMID: 35774824 PMCID: PMC9237572 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.874526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) is a well-known Chinese ornamental plant with showy flower color. However, the color fading problem during vase time seriously blocks its development in the cut flower market. In this study, we found that exogenous glucose supply improved the color quality of P. suffruticosa 'Tai Yang' cut flowers with increased total soluble sugar and anthocyanin contents of petals. Besides, the promotion effect of glucose was better than the osmotic control of 3-O-methylglucose (3OMG) treatment and the glucose analog mannose treatment. The structural genes, including PsF3H, PsF3'H, PsDFR, PsAOMT, and PsUF5GT, were remarkably upregulated under glucose treatment. Meanwhile, the regulatory genes, including PsbHLH1, PsbHLH3, PsMYB2, PsWD40-1, and PsWD40-2, also showed a strong response to glucose treatment. Among these five regulatory genes, PsMYB2 showed less response to 3OMG treatment but was highly expressed under glucose and mannose treatments, indicating that PsMYB2 may have an important role in the glucose signal pathway. Ectopic overexpression of PsMYB2 in Nicotiana tabacum resulted in a strong pigmentation in petals and stamens of tobacco flowers accompanied with multiple anthocyanin biosynthetic genes upregulated. More importantly, the overexpression of PsMYB2 enhanced the ability of glucose-induced anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings since PsMYB2-overexpressing Arabidopsis showed higher expression levels of AtPAL1, AtCHS, AtF3H, AtF3'H, AtDFR, and AtLDOX than those of wild type under glucose treatment. In summary, we suggested that glucose supply promoted petal coloration of P. suffruticosa 'Tai Yang' cut flower through the signal pathway, and PsMYB2 was a key component in this process. Our research made a further understanding of the mechanism that glucose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis of P. suffruticosa cut flowers during postharvest development, laying a foundation for color retention technology development of cut flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Ningxia State Farm, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqing Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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27
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Wang CK, Li XM, Dong F, Sun CH, Lu WL, Hu DG. Yang cycle enzyme DEP1: its moonlighting functions in PSI and ROS production during leaf senescence. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2022; 2:10. [PMID: 37789483 PMCID: PMC10514949 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-022-00031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene-mediated leaf senescence and the compromise of photosynthesis are closely associated but the underlying molecular mechanism is a mystery. Here we reported that apple DEHYDRATASE-ENOLASE-PHOSPHATASE-COMPLEX1 (MdDEP1), initially characterized to its enzymatic function in the recycling of the ethylene precursor SAM, plays a role in the regulation of photosystem I (PSI) activity, activating reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, and negatively regulating the leaf senescence. A series of Y2H, Pull-down, CO-IP and Cell-free degradation biochemical assays showed that MdDEP1 directly interacts with and dephosphorylates the nucleus-encoded thylakoid protein MdY3IP1, leading to the destabilization of MdY3IP1, reduction of the PSI activity, and the overproduction of ROS in plant cells. These findings elucidate a novel mechanism that the two pathways intersect at MdDEP1 due to its moonlighting role in destabilizing MdY3IP1, and synchronize ethylene-mediated leaf senescence and the compromise of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Kun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiu-Ming Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Key Laboratory for Fruit Biotechnology Breeding of Shandong, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Cui-Hui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Li Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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28
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Tang T, Zhou H, Wang L, Zhao J, Ma L, Ling J, Li G, Huang W, Li P, Zhang Y. Post-harvest Application of Methyl Jasmonate or Prohydrojasmon Affects Color Development and Anthocyanins Biosynthesis in Peach by Regulation of Sucrose Metabolism. Front Nutr 2022; 9:871467. [PMID: 35479735 PMCID: PMC9037146 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.871467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and prohydrojasmon (PDJ) in postharvest color development and anthocyanins biosynthesis in the skin of peach fruit remain unclear. In this study, peach fruit were infiltrated with MeJA (200 μM) or PDJ (40 μM) and stored at 22°C for 7 days. The results showed that treatment with MeJA or PDJ had a positive effect on red color formation in peach fruits due to anthocyanins accumulation (∼120% increase). This was attributed to increased enzyme activities, and enhanced transcript abundance of the genes associated with anthocyanins biosynthesis, induced by MeJA or PDJ. Both MeJA and PDJ promoted sucrose biosynthesis, and the subsequently elevated levels of the sucrose during storage were positively correlated with anthocyanins accumulation (0.49) and the activities of key biosynthesis enzymes (0.42-0.79). Based on these findings, we proposed that MeJA or PDJ treatments promote anthocyanins biosynthesis by regulating sucrose metabolism during the postharvest storage of peach fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Tang
- Department of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, China
| | - Libin Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lijie Ma
- Department of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Ling
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Guofeng Li
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Nanjing Institute of Vegetable Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengxia Li
- Department of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingtong Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Yu JQ, Gu KD, Zhang LL, Sun CH, Zhang QY, Wang JH, Wang CK, Wang WY, Du MC, Hu DG. MdbHLH3 modulates apple soluble sugar content by activating phosphofructokinase gene expression. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:884-900. [PMID: 35199464 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sugars are involved in plant growth, fruit quality, and signaling perception. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms involved in soluble sugar accumulation is essential to understand fruit development. Here, we report that MdPFPβ, a pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase gene, regulates soluble sugar accumulation by enhancing the photosynthetic performance and sugar-metabolizing enzyme activities in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). Biochemical analysis revealed that a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, MdbHLH3, binds to the MdPFPβ promoter and activates its expression, thus promoting soluble sugar accumulation in apple fruit. In addition, MdPFPβ overexpression in tomato influenced photosynthesis and carbon metabolism in the plant. Furthermore, we determined that MdbHLH3 increases photosynthetic rates and soluble sugar accumulation in apple by activating MdPFPβ expression. Our results thus shed light on the mechanism of soluble sugar accumulation in apple leaves and fruit: MdbHLH3 regulates soluble sugar accumulation by activating MdPFPβ gene expression and coordinating carbohydrate allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiang Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Kai-Di Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Cui-Hui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Quan-Yan Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, China
| | - Jia-Hui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Chu-Kun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Wen-Yan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Meng-Chi Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Tai'an, 271018, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, 271018, China
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Han P, Wei Y, Jiang S, Chen Y, Xu F, Wang H, Shao X. N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine Inhibition of Hexokinase Results in Downregulation of the Phenylpropanoid Metabolic Pathway and Decreased Resistance to Brown Rot in Peach Fruit. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3917-3928. [PMID: 35298175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To explore the role of hexokinase (HXK) on disease resistance in peach fruit, peaches were treated with N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (NAG), a known HXK inhibitor, and then inoculated with Monilinia fructicola. We demonstrate that NAG significantly inhibits HXK activity, which in turn results in significantly reduced resistance to M. fructicola infection. In the HXK-inhibited fruit, the sucrose content was higher and the glucose and fructose contents were lower than in the control fruit. By transcriptome analysis, we found 347 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NAG-treated and control peaches, most of which were involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in plants, plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, and the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. In particular, the DEGs related to phenylpropanoid metabolism, such as peroxidase, flavonoid, and isoflavonoid biosynthesis were significantly downregulated. Nontargeted metabolomic analysis revealed 44 differential metabolites, 9 of which were increased and 35 of which were decreased in the NAG-treated fruit. The decreased metabolites were secondary metabolites, including polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and glycosides. The relationship between HXK and phenylpropanoid metabolism was further investigated, and we found that in HXK-inhibited fruits the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase were significantly decreased over the control fruit, as well as the total phenol and total flavone contents were also significantly decreased. These results demonstrate that the inhibition of HXK activity decreases the disease resistance of peach fruits by affecting sugar metabolism and the phenylpropanoid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Han
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Shu Jiang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Xingfeng Shao
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
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Li X, Liu W, Ren Z, Wang X, Liu J, Yang Z, Zhao J, Pei X, Liu Y, He K, Zhang F, Zhang Z, Yang D, Ma X, Li W. Glucose regulates cotton fiber elongation by interacting with brassinosteroid. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:711-726. [PMID: 34636403 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants, glucose (Glc) plays important roles, as a nutrient and signal molecule, in the regulation of growth and development. However, the function of Glc in fiber development of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is unclear. Here, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we found that the Glc content in fibers was higher than that in ovules during the fiber elongation stage. In vitro ovule culture revealed that lower Glc concentrations promoted cotton fiber elongation, while higher concentrations had inhibitory effects. The hexokinase inhibitor N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) inhibited cotton fiber elongation in the cultured ovules, indicating that Glc-mediated fiber elongation depends on the Glc signal transduced by hexokinase. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis and hormone content detection showed that 150mM Glc significantly activated brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis, and the expression of signaling-related genes was also increased, which promoted fiber elongation. In vitro ovule culture clarified that BR induced cotton fiber elongation in a dose-dependent manner. In hormone recovery experiments, only BR compensated for the inhibitory effects of NAG on fiber elongation in a Glc-containing medium. However, the ovules cultured with the BR biosynthetic inhibitor brassinazole and from the BR-deficient cotton mutant pag1 had greatly reduced fiber elongation at all the Glc concentrations tested. This demonstrates that Glc does not compensate for the inhibition of fiber elongation caused by BR biosynthetic defects, suggesting that the BR signaling pathway works downstream of Glc during cotton fiber elongation. Altogether, our study showed that Glc plays an important role in cotton fibre elongation, and crosstalk occurs between Glc and BR signaling during modulation of fiber elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongying Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Ji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Zuoren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yangai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Kunlun He
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Daigang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiongfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Yu JQ, Li XM, Wang WY, Gu KD, Sun CH, You CX, Hu DG. Glucose sensor MdHXK1 activates an immune response to the fungal pathogen Botryosphaeria dothidea in apple. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13596. [PMID: 34761393 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sugars are essential regulatory molecules involved in plant growth and development and defense response. Although the relationship between sugars and disease resistance has been widely discussed, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unexplored. Ring rot caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea (B. dothidea), which severely affects fruit quality and yield, is a destructive disease of apples (Malus domestica Borkh.). The present study found that the degree of disease resistance in apple fruit was closely related to glucose content. Therefore, the gene encoding a hexokinase, MdHXK1, was isolated from the apple cultivar 'Gala', and characterized during the defense response. Overexpression of MdHXK1 enhanced disease resistance in apple calli, leaves and fruits by increasing the expression levels of genes related to salicylate (SA) synthesis (PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4, PAD4; PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE, PAL; and ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1, EDS1) and signaling (PR1; PR5; and NONEXPRESSER OF PR GENES 1, NPR1) as well as increasing the superoxide (O2- ) production rate and the hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) content. Overall, the study provides new insights into the MdHXK1-mediated molecular mechanisms by which glucose signaling regulates apple ring rot resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiang Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xiu-Ming Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Yan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Kai-Di Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Cui-Hui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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Li X, Cheng Y, Wang M, Cui S, Guan J. Weighted gene coexpression correlation network analysis reveals a potential molecular regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation under different storage temperatures in 'Friar' plum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:576. [PMID: 34872513 PMCID: PMC8647467 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flesh is prone to accumulate more anthocyanin in postharvest 'Friar' plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) fruit stored at an intermediate temperature. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation regulated by storage temperature in postharvest plum fruit. RESULTS To reveal the potential molecular regulation mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in postharvest 'Friar' plum fruit stored at different temperatures (0 °C, 10 °C and 25 °C), the fruit quality, metabolite profile and transcriptome of its flesh were investigated. Compared to the plum fruit stored at 0 °C and 25 °C, the fruit stored at 10 °C showed lower fruit firmness after 14 days and reduced the soluble solids content after 21 days of storage. The metabolite analysis indicated that the fruit stored at 10 °C had higher contents of anthocyanins (pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and quercetin-3-O-rutinose), quercetin and sucrose in the flesh. According to the results of weighted gene coexpression correlation network analysis (WGCNA), the turquoise module was positively correlated with the content of anthocyanin components, and flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) and chalcone synthase (CHS) were considered hub genes. Moreover, MYB family transcription factor APL (APL), MYB10 transcription factor (MYB10), ethylene-responsive transcription factor WIN1 (WIN1), basic leucine zipper 43-like (bZIP43) and transcription factor bHLH111-like isoform X2 (bHLH111) were closely related to these hub genes. Further qRT-PCR analysis verified that these transcription factors were specifically more highly expressed in plum flesh stored at 10 °C, and their expression profiles were significantly positively correlated with the structural genes of anthocyanin synthesis as well as the content of anthocyanin components. In addition, the sucrose biosynthesis-associated gene sucrose synthase (SS) was upregulated at 10 °C, which was also closely related to the anthocyanin content of plum fruit stored at 10 °C. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that the transcription factors APL, MYB10, WIN1, bZIP43 and bHLH111 may participate in the accumulation of anthocyanin in 'Friar' plum flesh during intermediate storage temperatures by regulating the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic structural genes. In addition, the SS gene may play a role in anthocyanin accumulation in plum flesh by regulating sucrose biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Li
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050024, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050051, People's Republic of China
- Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudou Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050051, People's Republic of China
- Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sujuan Cui
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Guan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050051, People's Republic of China.
- Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050051, People's Republic of China.
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Gao HN, Jiang H, Cui JY, You CX, Li YY. Review: The effects of hormones and environmental factors on anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 312:111024. [PMID: 34620429 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fruit coloration is an appearance trait that directly affects the commercial value and market competitiveness of apples. The red color of apple fruit is mainly affected by anthocyanin accumulation, and the synthesis of anthocyanin is affected by various factors. The critical roles of hormones and environmental factors during apple anthocyanin biosynthesis are described. This review also elaborates the specific mechanisms of the responses of internal genes to stress and changes in anthocyanin when apples are exposed to different environmental stressors. This study provides direction for future research on apple anthocyanin and is a reference for anthocyanin studies in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Na Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Han Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Ying Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Huang XY, Wang CK, Zhao YW, Sun CH, Hu DG. Mechanisms and regulation of organic acid accumulation in plant vacuoles. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:227. [PMID: 34697291 PMCID: PMC8546024 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00702-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In fleshy fruits, organic acids are the main source of fruit acidity and play an important role in regulating osmotic pressure, pH homeostasis, stress resistance, and fruit quality. The transport of organic acids from the cytosol to the vacuole and their storage are complex processes. A large number of transporters carry organic acids from the cytosol to the vacuole with the assistance of various proton pumps and enzymes. However, much remains to be explored regarding the vacuolar transport mechanism of organic acids as well as the substances involved and their association. In this review, recent advances in the vacuolar transport mechanism of organic acids in plants are summarized from the perspectives of transporters, channels, proton pumps, and upstream regulators to better understand the complex regulatory networks involved in fruit acid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chu-Kun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yu-Wen Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Cui-Hui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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Abstract
Nutrients are vital to life through intertwined sensing, signaling, and metabolic processes. Emerging research focuses on how distinct nutrient signaling networks integrate and coordinate gene expression, metabolism, growth, and survival. We review the multifaceted roles of sugars, nitrate, and phosphate as essential plant nutrients in controlling complex molecular and cellular mechanisms of dynamic signaling networks. Key advances in central sugar and energy signaling mechanisms mediated by the evolutionarily conserved master regulators HEXOKINASE1 (HXK1), TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR), and SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE1 (SNRK1) are discussed. Significant progress in primary nitrate sensing, calcium signaling, transcriptome analysis, and root-shoot communication to shape plant biomass and architecture are elaborated. Discoveries on intracellular and extracellular phosphate signaling and the intimate connections with nitrate and sugar signaling are examined. This review highlights the dynamic nutrient, energy, growth, and stress signaling networks that orchestrate systemwide transcriptional, translational, and metabolic reprogramming, modulate growth and developmental programs, and respond to environmental cues. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, Volume 37 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; ,
| | - Kun-Hsiang Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; , .,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, and Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jen Sheen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; ,
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37
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Barbier FF, Cao D, Fichtner F, Weiste C, Perez-Garcia MD, Caradeuc M, Le Gourrierec J, Sakr S, Beveridge CA. HEXOKINASE1 signalling promotes shoot branching and interacts with cytokinin and strigolactone pathways. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1088-1104. [PMID: 33909299 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant architecture is controlled by several endogenous signals including hormones and sugars. However, only little information is known about the nature and roles of the sugar signalling pathways in this process. Here we test whether the sugar signalling pathway mediated by HEXOKINASE1 (HXK1) is involved in the control of shoot branching. To test the involvement of HXK1 in shoot branching and in the hormonal network controlling this process, we modulated the HXK1 pathway using physiological and genetic approaches in rose, pea and arabidopsis. Mannose-induced HXK signalling triggered bud outgrowth in rose and pea. In arabidopsis, both HXK1 deficiency and defoliation led to decreased shoot branching and conferred hypersensitivity to auxin. Complementation of the HXK1 knockout mutant gin2 with a catalytically inactive HXK1, restored shoot branching to the wild-type level. HXK1-deficient plants displayed decreased cytokinin levels and increased expression of MAX2, which is required for strigolactone signalling. The branching phenotype of HXK1-deficient plants could be partly restored by cytokinin treatment and strigolactone deficiency could override the negative impact of HXK1 deficiency on shoot branching. Our observations demonstrate that HXK1 signalling contributes to the regulation of shoot branching and interacts with hormones to modulate plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois F Barbier
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
- Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Université Angers, Angers, 49000, France
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Da Cao
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Franziska Fichtner
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Christoph Weiste
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, 97082, Germany
| | | | - Mathieu Caradeuc
- Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Université Angers, Angers, 49000, France
| | - José Le Gourrierec
- Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Université Angers, Angers, 49000, France
| | - Soulaiman Sakr
- Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Université Angers, Angers, 49000, France
| | - Christine A Beveridge
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
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38
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Rodríguez-Saavedra C, Morgado-Martínez LE, Burgos-Palacios A, King-Díaz B, López-Coria M, Sánchez-Nieto S. Moonlighting Proteins: The Case of the Hexokinases. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:701975. [PMID: 34235183 PMCID: PMC8256278 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.701975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Moonlighting proteins are defined as proteins with two or more functions that are unrelated and independent to each other, so that inactivation of one of them should not affect the second one and vice versa. Intriguingly, all the glycolytic enzymes are described as moonlighting proteins in some organisms. Hexokinase (HXK) is a critical enzyme in the glycolytic pathway and displays a wide range of functions in different organisms such as fungi, parasites, mammals, and plants. This review discusses HXKs moonlighting functions in depth since they have a profound impact on the responses to nutritional, environmental, and disease challenges. HXKs’ activities can be as diverse as performing metabolic activities, as a gene repressor complexing with other proteins, as protein kinase, as immune receptor and regulating processes like autophagy, programmed cell death or immune system responses. However, most of those functions are particular for some organisms while the most common moonlighting HXK function in several kingdoms is being a glucose sensor. In this review, we also analyze how different regulation mechanisms cause HXK to change its subcellular localization, oligomeric or conformational state, the response to substrate and product concentration, and its interactions with membrane, proteins, or RNA, all of which might impact the HXK moonlighting functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rodríguez-Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Transporte y Percepción de Azúcares en Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Enrique Morgado-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Transporte y Percepción de Azúcares en Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrés Burgos-Palacios
- Laboratorio de Transporte y Percepción de Azúcares en Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz King-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Transporte y Percepción de Azúcares en Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Montserrat López-Coria
- Laboratorio de Transporte y Percepción de Azúcares en Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sobeida Sánchez-Nieto
- Laboratorio de Transporte y Percepción de Azúcares en Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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39
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Yang T, Ma H, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wu T, Song T, Yao Y, Tian J. Apple MPK4 mediates phosphorylation of MYB1 to enhance light-induced anthocyanin accumulation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1728-1745. [PMID: 33835607 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are plant pigments with diverse biological functions that contribute to fruit quality and are beneficial to human health. Anthocyanin accumulation can be influenced by environmental signals, such as light, and plants have developed sophisticated systems to receive and transduce these signals. However, the associated molecular mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the potential function of mitogen-activated protein kinases, which are members of the light signaling pathway, during light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple (Malus domestica) fruit peels. An antibody array and yeast two-hybrid screen indicated that proteins encoded by two MdMPK4 genes are light-activated and interact with the transcription factor and anthocyanin biosynthesis regulator MdMYB1. A phosphorylation assay showed that the MdMPK4 proteins phosphorylate MdMYB1, thereby increasing its stability under light conditions. Transient MdMPK4 and MdMYB1 overexpression assays further revealed that light-induced anthocyanin accumulation relies on MdMPK4 kinase activity, which is required for maximum MdMYB1 activity. Based on the expression of the chromosome 6 allele MdMPK4-06G under light conditions and the presence of light response elements in the MdMPK4-06G promoter, we concluded that it is more responsive to light than the chromosome 14 allele MdMPK4-14G. These results suggest a potential biotechnological strategy for increasing fruit anthocyanin content via light induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Huaying Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yuncong Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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40
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Chen Z, Yu L, Liu W, Zhang J, Wang N, Chen X. Research progress of fruit color development in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:267-279. [PMID: 33711720 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is one of the most widely produced and economically important fruits in temperate regions. Fruit color development in apple is a major focus for both breeders and researchers as consumers associate brightly colored red apples with ripeness and a good flavor. In recent years, great progress has been made in the research of apple fruit color development, but its development mechanism has not been systematic dissected from the aspects of genetics, transcription or environmental factors. Here, we summarize research on the coloration of apple fruit, including the development of important genomic databases to identify important genomic regions and genes, genetic and transcriptional factors that regulate pigment accumulation, environmental factors that affect anthocyanin synthesis, and the current breeding progress of red-skinned and red-fleshed apples. We describe key transcription factors, such as MYB, bHLH, and WD40, which are involved in the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis and fruit color development in apple. We also discuss the regulation of apple color by external environmental factors such as light, temperature, and water. The aim of this review is to provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple. This information will provide significant guidance for the breeding of high-quality red-skinned and red-fleshed apple varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China.
| | - Xuesen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China.
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41
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Yang Q, Song Z, Dong B, Niu L, Cao H, Li H, Du T, Liu T, Yang W, Meng D, Fu Y. Hyperoside regulates its own biosynthesis via MYB30 in promoting reproductive development and seed set in okra. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:951-968. [PMID: 33743011 PMCID: PMC8133558 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that play important roles in fruit and vegetable development. Here, we examined the function of hyperoside, a unique flavonoid in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), known to promote both flowering and seed set. We showed that the exogenous application of hyperoside significantly improved pollen germination rate and pollen tube growth by almost 50%, resulting in a 42.7% increase in the seed set rate. Of several genes induced by the hyperoside treatment, AeUF3GaT1, which encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the last step of hyperoside biosynthesis, was the most strongly induced. The transcription factor AeMYB30 enhanced AeUFG3aT1 transcription by directly binding to the AeUFG3aT1 promoter. We studied the effect of the hyperoside application on the expression of 10 representative genes at four stages of reproductive development, from pollination to seed maturity. We firstly developed an efficient transformation system that uses seeds as explants to study the roles of AeMYB30 and AeUFG3aT1. Overexpression of AeMYB30 or AeUF3GaT1 promoted seed development. Moreover, exogenous application of hyperoside partially restored the aberrant phenotype of AeUF3GaT1 RNA-interference plants. Thus, hyperoside promotes seed set in okra via a pathway involving AeUF3GaT and AeMYB30, and the exogenous application of this flavonoid is a simple method that can be used to improve seed quality and yield in okra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Bejing, China
| | - Zhihua Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Bejing, China
| | - Biying Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Bejing, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Bejing, China
| | - Hongyan Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Bejing, China
| | - Hanghang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Bejing, China
| | - Tingting Du
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Bejing, China
| | - Tengyue Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Bejing, China
| | - Wanlong Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Bejing, China
| | - Dong Meng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Bejing, China
- Author for communication:
| | - Yujie Fu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Bejing, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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42
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Zhao W, Liu Y, Li L, Meng H, Yang Y, Dong Z, Wang L, Wu G. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of bHLH Transcription Factors Related to Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Red Walnut ( Juglans regia L.). Front Genet 2021; 12:632509. [PMID: 33719341 PMCID: PMC7943622 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.632509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins are transcription factors (TFs) that have been shown to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in many plant species. However, the bHLH gene family in walnut (Juglans regia L.) has not yet been reported. In this study, 102 bHLH genes were identified in the walnut genome and were classified into 15 subfamilies according to sequence similarity and phylogenetic relationships. The gene structure, conserved domains, and chromosome location of the genes were analyzed by bioinformatic methods. Gene duplication analyses revealed that 42 JrbHLHs were involved in the expansion of the walnut bHLH gene family. We also characterized cis-regulatory elements of these genes and performed Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of gene functions, and examined protein-protein interactions. Four candidate genes (JrEGL1a, JrEGL1b, JrbHLHA1, and JrbHLHA2) were found to have high homology to genes encoding bHLH TFs involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in other plants. RNA sequencing revealed tissue- and developmental stage-specific expression profiles and distinct expression patterns of JrbHLHs according to phenotype (red vs. green leaves) and developmental stage in red walnut hybrid progeny, which were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. All four of the candidate JrbHLH proteins localized to the nucleus, consistent with a TF function. These results provide a basis for the functional characterization of bHLH genes and investigations on the molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis in red walnut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haijun Meng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhaobin Dong
- Shangluo Shengda Industrial Co., Ltd., Luonan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou, China
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43
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An JP, Zhang XW, Liu YJ, Wang XF, You CX, Hao YJ. ABI5 regulates ABA-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis by modulating the MYB1-bHLH3 complex in apple. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1460-1472. [PMID: 33159793 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) induces anthocyanin biosynthesis in many plant species. However, the molecular mechanism of ABA-regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis remains unclear. As a crucial regulator of ABA signaling, ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5) is involved in many aspects of plant growth and development, yet its regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis has not been elucidated. In this study, we found that MdABI5, the apple homolog of Arabidopsis ABI5, positively regulated ABA-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. A series of biochemical tests showed that MdABI5 specifically interacts with basic helix-loop-helix 3 (MdbHLH3), a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis. MdABI5 enhanced the binding of MdbHLH3 to its target genes dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (MdDFR) and UDP flavonoid glucosyl transferase (MdUF3GT). In addition, MdABI5 directly bound to the promoter of MdbHLH3 to activate its expression. Moreover, MdABI5 enhanced ABA-promoted interaction between MdMYB1 and MdbHLH3. Finally, antisense suppression of MdbHLH3 significantly reduced anthocyanin biosynthesis promoted by MdABI5, indicating that MdABI5-promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis was dependent on MdbHLH3. Taken together, our data suggest that MdABI5 plays a positive role in ABA-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis by modulating the MdbHLH3-MdMYB1 complex. Our work broadens the regulatory network of ABA-mediated anthocyanin biosynthesis, providing new insights to further study the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms behind this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Ya-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
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44
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Wang L, Kartika D, Ruan YL. Looking into 'hair tonics' for cotton fiber initiation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1844-1851. [PMID: 32858773 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cotton fiber is the most important source of cellulose for the global textile industry. These hair-like single-celled trichomes develop from ovule epidermis. They are classified into long spinnable lint and short fuzz. A key objective in the cotton industry is to breed elite cultivars with fuzzless seeds carrying high lint yield. Molecular basis underlying lint and fuzz initiation remains obscure. Recent studies indicate fiber initiation is under the control of MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) transcription factor complex. Based on molecular genetic studies and gene expression patterns linking fiber phenotypes, we propose that specific but different sets of MBW genes are required to precisely regulate the initiation of the lint and fuzz fibers. Emerging evidence further points to sugar signaling as a 'hair-tonic' to boost fiber initiation through interaction with MBW complex and auxin signaling. An integrative model is provided as a conceptual framework for future studies to dissect the molecular network responsible for cotton fiber initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences and Australia-China Research Center for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Dewi Kartika
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences and Australia-China Research Center for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences and Australia-China Research Center for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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45
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Yu J, Gu K, Sun C, Zhang Q, Wang J, Ma F, You C, Hu D, Hao Y. The apple bHLH transcription factor MdbHLH3 functions in determining the fruit carbohydrates and malate. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:285-299. [PMID: 32757335 PMCID: PMC7868978 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Changes in carbohydrates and organic acids largely determine the palatability of edible tissues of horticulture crops. Elucidating the potential molecular mechanisms involved in the change in carbohydrates and organic acids, and their temporal and spatial crosstalk are key steps in understanding fruit developmental processes. Here, we used apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) as research materials and found that MdbHLH3, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (bHLH TF), modulates the accumulation of malate and carbohydrates. Biochemical analyses demonstrated that MdbHLH3 directly binds to the promoter of MdcyMDH that encodes an apple cytosolic NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase, activating its transcriptional expression, thereby promoting malate accumulation in apple fruits. Additionally, MdbHLH3 overexpression increased the photosynthetic capacity and carbohydrate levels in apple leaves and also enhanced the carbohydrate accumulation in fruits by adjusting carbohydrate allocation from sources to sinks. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the mechanism of how the bHLH TF MdbHLH3 modulates the fruit quality. It directly regulates the expression of cytosolic malate dehydrogenase MdcyMDH to coordinate carbohydrate allocation and malate accumulation in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Qiang Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’anShandongChina
| | - Kai‐Di Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’anShandongChina
| | - Cui‐Hui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’anShandongChina
| | - Quan‐Yan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’anShandongChina
| | - Jia‐Hui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’anShandongChina
| | - Fang‐Fang Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’anShandongChina
| | - Chun‐Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’anShandongChina
- MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm InnovationTai’anShandongChina
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and EfficiencyTai’anShandongChina
| | - Da‐Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’anShandongChina
- MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm InnovationTai’anShandongChina
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and EfficiencyTai’anShandongChina
| | - Yu‐Jin Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’anShandongChina
- MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm InnovationTai’anShandongChina
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and EfficiencyTai’anShandongChina
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Yang YY, Zheng PF, Ren YR, Yao YX, You CX, Wang XF, Hao YJ. Apple MdSAT1 encodes a bHLHm1 transcription factor involved in salinity and drought responses. PLANTA 2021; 253:46. [PMID: 33484359 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study identified a new bHLHm1 transcription factor MdSAT1 which functioned in mediating tolerance to salt and drought resistance. Changes in the expression of stress-related genes play crucial roles in response to environmental stress. Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins are the largest superfamily of transcription factors and a large number of bHLH proteins function in plant responses to abiotic stresses. We identified a new bHLHm1 transcription factor from apple and named it MdSAT1. β-Glucuronidase (GUS) staining showed that MdSAT1 expressed in various tissues with highly expressed in leaves. Promoter analysis revealed that MdSAT1 contained multiple response elements and its transcription was induced by several environmental cues, particularly salt and drought stresses. Overexpression of MdSAT1 in apple calli and Arabidopsis resulted in a phenotype of increased tolerance to salt and drought. Altering abscisic acid (ABA) treatment increased the sensitivity of MdSAT1-OE Arabidopsis to ABA, and heavy metal stress, osmotic stress, and ethylene did not participate in MdSAT1 mediated plant development. These findings reveal the abiotic stress functions of MdSAT1 and pave the way for further functional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yi-Ran Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Xin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Dong NQ, Lin HX. Contribution of phenylpropanoid metabolism to plant development and plant-environment interactions. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:180-209. [PMID: 33325112 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoid metabolism is one of the most important metabolisms in plants, yielding more than 8,000 metabolites contributing to plant development and plant-environment interplay. Phenylpropanoid metabolism materialized during the evolution of early freshwater algae that were initiating terrestrialization and land plants have evolved multiple branches of this pathway, which give rise to metabolites including lignin, flavonoids, lignans, phenylpropanoid esters, hydroxycinnamic acid amides, and sporopollenin. Recent studies have revealed that many factors participate in the regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism, and modulate phenylpropanoid homeostasis when plants undergo successive developmental processes and are subjected to stressful environments. In this review, we summarize recent progress on elucidating the contribution of phenylpropanoid metabolism to the coordination of plant development and plant-environment interaction, and metabolic flux redirection among diverse metabolic routes. In addition, our review focuses on the regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, post-translational, and epigenetic levels, and in response to phytohormones and biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Qian Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong-Xuan Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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48
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Reprogramming plant specialized metabolism by manipulating protein kinases. ABIOTECH 2021; 2:226-239. [PMID: 34377580 PMCID: PMC8209778 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-021-00053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Being sessile, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to balance between growth and defense to survive in the harsh environment. The transition from growth to defense is commonly achieved by factors, such as protein kinases (PKs) and transcription factors, that initiate signal transduction and regulate specialized metabolism. Plants produce an array of lineage-specific specialized metabolites for chemical defense and stress tolerance. Some of these molecules are also used by humans as drugs. However, many of these defense-responsive metabolites are toxic to plant cells and inhibitory to growth and development. Plants have, thus, evolved complex regulatory networks to balance the accumulation of the toxic metabolites. Perception of external stimuli is a vital part of the regulatory network. Protein kinase-mediated signaling activates a series of defense responses by phosphorylating the target proteins and translating the stimulus into downstream cellular signaling. As biosynthesis of specialized metabolites is triggered when plants perceive stimuli, a possible connection between PKs and specialized metabolism is well recognized. However, the roles of PKs in plant specialized metabolism have not received much attention until recently. Here, we summarize the recent advances in understanding PKs in plant specialized metabolism. We aim to highlight how the stimulatory signals are transduced, leading to the biosynthesis of corresponding metabolites. We discuss the post-translational regulation of specialized metabolism and provide insights into the mechanisms by which plants respond to the external signals. In addition, we propose possible strategies to increase the production of plant specialized metabolites in biotechnological applications using PKs.
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Kang H, Zhang TT, Fu LL, You CX, Wang XF, Hao YJ. The apple RING-H2 protein MdCIP8 regulates anthocyanin accumulation and hypocotyl elongation by interacting with MdCOP1. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 301:110665. [PMID: 33218632 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
COP1, an important RING ubiquitin ligase E3, is a molecular switch for light regulation in plant development. As an interacting protein of COP1, CIP8 contains a RING-H2 domain, but its biological function is unclear. Here, the apple MdCIP8 was identified based on its homology with AtCIP8 in Arabidopsis. MdCIP8 was constitutively expressed at different levels in various apple tissues, and the expression level of MdCIP8 was not affected by light and dark conditions. MdCIP8 reversed the short hypocotyl phenotype of the cip8 mutant under light conditions. Furthermore, the yeast two-hybrid experiment showed that MdCIP8 interacted with the RING domain of MdCOP1 through its RING-H2 domain. MdCIP8-OX/cop1-4 exhibited the phenotype of the cop1-4 mutant, indicating that CIP8 acts upstream of COP1. In addition, an apple transient injection experiment showed that MdCIP8 inhibited anthocyanin accumulation in an MdCOP1-dependent pathway. Overall, our findings reveal that CIP8 plays an inhibitory role in the light-regulation responses of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yang-Ling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Lu-Lu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China.
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50
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Hu DG, Wang N, Wang DH, Cheng L, Wang YX, Zhao YW, Ding JY, Gu KD, Xiao X, Hao YJ. A basic/helix-loop-helix transcription factor controls leaf shape by regulating auxin signaling in apple. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1897-1913. [PMID: 32712992 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate-driven phenological change across local spatial gradients leads to leaf shape variation. At higher elevations, leaves of broadleaf species tend to become narrower, but the underlying molecular mechanism is largely unknown. In this study, a series of morphometric analyses and biochemical assays, combined with functional identification in apple, were performed. We show that the decrease in apple leaf width with increasing altitude is controlled by a basic/helix-loop-helix transcription factor (bHLH TF), MdbHLH3. The MdbHLH3-overexpressing lines have a lower transcript abundance of MdPIN1 encoding an auxin efflux carrier but a higher transcript abundance of MdGH3-2 encoding a putative auxin amido conjugate synthase, resulting in a lower free auxin concentration; feeding the transgenic leaves with exogenous auxin partially restores leaf width. MdbHLH3 transcriptionally suppresses and activates MdPIN1 and MdGH3-2, respectively, by specifically binding to their promoters. This alters auxin homeostasis and transport, consequently leading to changes in leaf shape. These findings suggest that the bHLH TF MdbHLH3 directly modulates auxin signaling in controlling leaf shape in response to local spatial gradients in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Gang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Nian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in downstream areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Dong-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lailiang Cheng
- Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, 134A Plant Science, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yan-Xiu Wang
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yu-Wen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jun-Yi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in downstream areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Kai-Di Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
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