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Sterling NA, Cho SH, Kim S. Entosis implicates a new role for P53 in microcephaly pathogenesis, beyond apoptosis. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300245. [PMID: 38778437 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Entosis, a form of cell cannibalism, is a newly discovered pathogenic mechanism leading to the development of small brains, termed microcephaly, in which P53 activation was found to play a major role. Microcephaly with entosis, found in Pals1 mutant mice, displays P53 activation that promotes entosis and apoptotic cell death. This previously unappreciated pathogenic mechanism represents a novel cellular dynamic in dividing cortical progenitors which is responsible for cell loss. To date, various recent models of microcephaly have bolstered the importance of P53 activation in cell death leading to microcephaly. P53 activation caused by mitotic delay or DNA damage manifests apoptotic cell death which can be suppressed by P53 removal in these animal models. Such genetic studies attest P53 activation as quality control meant to eliminate genomically unfit cells with minimal involvement in the actual function of microcephaly associated genes. In this review, we summarize the known role of P53 activation in a variety of microcephaly models and introduce a novel mechanism wherein entotic cell cannibalism in neural progenitors is triggered by P53 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle A Sterling
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Seo-Hee Cho
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sydney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Seonhee Kim
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Lin L, Zhao J, Kubota N, Li Z, Lam YL, Nguyen LP, Yang L, Pokharel SP, Blue SM, Yee BA, Chen R, Yeo GW, Chen CW, Chen L, Zheng S. Epistatic interactions between NMD and TRP53 control progenitor cell maintenance and brain size. Neuron 2024; 112:2157-2176.e12. [PMID: 38697111 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in human nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) factors are enriched in neurodevelopmental disorders. We show that deletion of key NMD factor Upf2 in mouse embryonic neural progenitor cells causes perinatal microcephaly but deletion in immature neurons does not, indicating NMD's critical roles in progenitors. Upf2 knockout (KO) prolongs the cell cycle of radial glia progenitor cells, promotes their transition into intermediate progenitors, and leads to reduced upper-layer neurons. CRISPRi screening identified Trp53 knockdown rescuing Upf2KO progenitors without globally reversing NMD inhibition, implying marginal contributions of most NMD targets to the cell cycle defect. Integrated functional genomics shows that NMD degrades selective TRP53 downstream targets, including Cdkn1a, which, without NMD suppression, slow the cell cycle. Trp53KO restores the progenitor cell pool and rescues the microcephaly of Upf2KO mice. Therefore, one physiological role of NMD in the developing brain is to degrade selective TRP53 targets to control progenitor cell cycle and brain size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jingrong Zhao
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Naoto Kubota
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Zhelin Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Yi-Li Lam
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Lauren P Nguyen
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sheela P Pokharel
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Steven M Blue
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brian A Yee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Renee Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sika Zheng
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Wang J, Yang N, Li W, Zhang H, Li J. Role of Hsa_circ_0000880 in the Regulation of High Glucose-Induced Apoptosis of Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:12. [PMID: 38587436 PMCID: PMC11005064 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been verified to participate in multiple biological processes and disease progression. Yet, the role of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is still poorly understood and deserves further study. This study aimed to investigate the role of circRNAs in the regulation of high glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis of retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs). Methods Epiretinal membranes from patients with DR and nondiabetic patients with idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane were collected for this study. The circRNA microarrays were performed using high-throughput sequencing. Hierarchical clustering, functional enrichment, and network regulation analyses were used to analyze the data generated by high-throughput sequencing. Next, RMECs were subjected to HG (25 mM) conditions to induce RMECs apoptosis in vitro. A series of experiments, such as Transwell, the Scratch wound, and tube formation, were conducted to explore the regulatory effect of circRNA on RMECs. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot were used to study the mechanism underlying circRNA-mediated regulation. Results A total of 53 differentially expressed circRNAs were found in patients with DR. Among these, hsa_circ_0000880 was significantly upregulated in both the diabetic epiretinal membranes and in an in vitro DR model of HG-treated RMECs. Hsa_circ_0000880 knockout facilitated RMECs vitality and decreased the paracellular permeability of RMECs under hyperglycemia. More importantly, silencing of hsa_circ_0000880 significantly inhibited HG-induced ROS production and RMECs apoptosis. Hsa_circ_0000880 acted as an endogenous sponge for eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-III (EIF4A3). Knockout of hsa_circ_0000880 reversed HG-induced decrease in EIF4A3 protein level. Conclusions Our findings suggest that hsa_circ_0000880 is a novel circRNA can induce RMECs apoptosis in response to HG conditions by sponging EIF4A3, offering an innovative treatment approach against DR. Translational Relevance The circRNAs participate in the dysregulation of microvascular endothelial function induced by HG conditions, indicating a promising therapeutic target for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nannan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Laoling City, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Wanna Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianqiao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Chen J, He Y, Chen L, Wu T, Yang G, Luo H, Hu S, Yin S, Qian Y, Miao H, Li N, Miao C, Feng R. Differential alternative splicing landscape identifies potentially functional RNA binding proteins in early embryonic development in mammals. iScience 2024; 27:109104. [PMID: 38433915 PMCID: PMC10904927 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) as one of the important post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms has been poorly studied during embryogenesis. In this study, we comprehensively collected and analyzed the transcriptome data of early embryos from human and mouse. We found that AS plays an important role in this process and predicted candidate RNA binding protein (RBP) regulators that are associated with reproductive development. The predicted RBPs such as EIF4A3, MAK16, SRSF2, and UTP23 were found to be associated with reproductive disorders. By Smart-seq2 sequencing analysis, we identified 5445 aberrant alternative splicing events in Eif4a3-knockdown embryos. These events were preferentially associated with RNA processing. In conclusion, our work on the landscape and potential function of alternative splicing events will boost further investigation of detailed mechanisms and key factors regulating mammalian early embryo development and promote the inspiration of pharmaceutical approaches for disorders in this crucial biology process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproduction Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yanni He
- State Key Laboratory of Reproduction Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproduction Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Tian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproduction Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Guangping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproduction Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Hui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproduction Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Saifei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproduction Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Siyue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproduction Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Reproductive Medical Center of Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Hui Miao
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Heping Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Engineer of Shanxi Health Committee, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Heping Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Engineer of Shanxi Health Committee, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
| | - Congxiu Miao
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Heping Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Engineer of Shanxi Health Committee, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
| | - Ruizhi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproduction Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Reproductive Medical Center of Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Qu Y, Li S, Xi W, Liu B, Ye L. eIF4A3-mediated circEHMT1 regulation in retinal microvascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy. Microvasc Res 2024; 151:104612. [PMID: 37839527 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Literature has reported that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are crucially associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Furthermore, circEHMT1 has been identified to maintain endothelial cell barrier function. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms that regulate aberrant circEHMT1 expression and its role in the pathogenesis of DR. METHODS In this study, retinal microvascular endothelial cells were exposed to a high glucose (HG) environment, and subsequently, tube formation and intercellular junction proteins were evaluated. Furthermore, the biological functions of circEHMT1 and its potential regulatory factor, eIF4A3, in microvascular endothelial cells under HG conditions were also assessed. In addition, the regulatory role of eIF4A3 on circEHMT1 expression was confirmed. Moreover, to elucidate the in vivo functions of eIF4A3 and circEHMT1, streptozotocin (STZ) was used to establish a DR model in rats. RESULTS It was revealed that HG condition decreased circEHMT1 and eIF4A3 expressions and reduced ZO-1, Claudin-5, and Occludin levels in retinal microvascular endothelial cells. Furthermore, it was observed that eIF4A3 could regulate the expression of circEHMT1. Overexpression of eIF4A3 or circEHMT1 under HG conditions improved endothelial cell injury and decreased tube-formation ability. Additionally, in the DR rat model, eIF4A3 overexpression restored circEHMT1 levels and ameliorated retinal vasculature changes. CONCLUSION Altogether, eIF4A3 regulates circEHMT1 expression, thereby affecting microvascular endothelial cell injury and tube formation. Further understanding the regulatory effect of eIF4A3 on circEHMT1 may provide novel therapeutic targets for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, China; Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Yongxin Zhang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, China; Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Yunhao Qu
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Shixu Li
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Wenqun Xi
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, China; Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Beian Liu
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, China; Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, China.
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Sterling NA, Terry BK, McDonnell JM, Kim S. P53 independent pathogenic mechanisms contribute to BubR1 microcephaly. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1282182. [PMID: 37900274 PMCID: PMC10602889 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1282182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The mosaic variegated aneuploidy (MVA)-associated gene Budding Uninhibited by Benzimidazole 1B (BUB1B) encodes BUBR1, a core member of the spindle assembly checkpoint complex that ensures kinetochore-spindle attachment for faithful chromosome segregation. BUB1B mutation in humans and its deletion in mice cause microcephaly. In the absence of BubR1 in mice, massive cell death reduces cortical cells during neurogenesis. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms triggering cell death are unknown. In this study, we performed three-dimensional imaging analysis of mitotic BubR1-deficient neural progenitors in a murine model to show profound chromosomal segregation defects and structural abnormalities. Chromosomal defects and accompanying DNA damage result in P53 activation and apoptotic cell death in BubR1 mutants. To test whether the P53 cell death pathway is responsible for cortical cell loss, we co-deleted Trp53 in BubR1-deficient cortices. Remarkably, we discovered that residual apoptotic cell death remains in double mutants lacking P53, suggesting P53-independent apoptosis. Furthermore, the minimal rescue of cortical size and cortical neuron numbers in double mutant mice suggests the compelling extent of alternative death mechanisms in the absence of P53. This study demonstrates a potential pathogenic mechanism for microcephaly in MVA patients and uncovers the existence of powerful means of eliminating unfit cells even when the P53 death pathway is disabled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle A. Sterling
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatrics Research Center, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bethany K. Terry
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatrics Research Center, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Julia M. McDonnell
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatrics Research Center, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Seonhee Kim
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatrics Research Center, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Ribeiro JH, Altinisik N, Rajan N, Verslegers M, Baatout S, Gopalakrishnan J, Quintens R. DNA damage and repair: underlying mechanisms leading to microcephaly. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1268565. [PMID: 37881689 PMCID: PMC10597653 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1268565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-damaging agents and endogenous DNA damage constantly harm genome integrity. Under genotoxic stress conditions, the DNA damage response (DDR) machinery is crucial in repairing lesions and preventing mutations in the basic structure of the DNA. Different repair pathways are implicated in the resolution of such lesions. For instance, the non-homologous DNA end joining and homologous recombination pathways are central cellular mechanisms by which eukaryotic cells maintain genome integrity. However, defects in these pathways are often associated with neurological disorders, indicating the pivotal role of DDR in normal brain development. Moreover, the brain is the most sensitive organ affected by DNA-damaging agents compared to other tissues during the prenatal period. The accumulation of lesions is believed to induce cell death, reduce proliferation and premature differentiation of neural stem and progenitor cells, and reduce brain size (microcephaly). Microcephaly is mainly caused by genetic mutations, especially genes encoding proteins involved in centrosomes and DNA repair pathways. However, it can also be induced by exposure to ionizing radiation and intrauterine infections such as the Zika virus. This review explains mammalian cortical development and the major DNA repair pathways that may lead to microcephaly when impaired. Next, we discuss the mechanisms and possible exposures leading to DNA damage and p53 hyperactivation culminating in microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Honorato Ribeiro
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nazlican Altinisik
- Laboratory for Centrosome and Cytoskeleton Biology, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicholas Rajan
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Mieke Verslegers
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jay Gopalakrishnan
- Laboratory for Centrosome and Cytoskeleton Biology, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roel Quintens
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
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Lupan BM, Solecki RA, Musso CM, Alsina FC, Silver DL. The exon junction complex component EIF4A3 is essential for mouse and human cortical progenitor mitosis and neurogenesis. Development 2023; 150:dev201619. [PMID: 37139782 PMCID: PMC10233715 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in components of the exon junction complex (EJC) are associated with neurodevelopment and disease. In particular, reduced levels of the RNA helicase EIF4A3 cause Richieri-Costa-Pereira syndrome (RCPS) and copy number variations are linked to intellectual disability. Consistent with this, Eif4a3 haploinsufficient mice are microcephalic. Altogether, this implicates EIF4A3 in cortical development; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we use mouse and human models to demonstrate that EIF4A3 promotes cortical development by controlling progenitor mitosis, cell fate and survival. Eif4a3 haploinsufficiency in mice causes extensive cell death and impairs neurogenesis. Using Eif4a3;p53 compound mice, we show that apoptosis has the most impact on early neurogenesis, while additional p53-independent mechanisms contribute to later stages. Live imaging of mouse and human neural progenitors reveals that Eif4a3 controls mitosis length, which influences progeny fate and viability. These phenotypes are conserved, as cortical organoids derived from RCPS iPSCs exhibit aberrant neurogenesis. Finally, using rescue experiments we show that EIF4A3 controls neuron generation via the EJC. Altogether, our study demonstrates that EIF4A3 mediates neurogenesis by controlling mitosis duration and cell survival, implicating new mechanisms that underlie EJC-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca M. Lupan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rachel A. Solecki
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Camila M. Musso
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Fernando C. Alsina
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Debra L. Silver
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences and Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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McSweeney C, Chen M, Dong F, Sebastian A, Reynolds DJ, Mott J, Pei Z, Zou J, Shi Y, Mao Y. Transcriptomic Analyses of Brains of RBM8A Conditional Knockout Mice at Different Developmental Stages Reveal Conserved Signaling Pathways Contributing to Neurodevelopmental Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4600. [PMID: 36902031 PMCID: PMC10003467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding motif 8A (RBM8A) is a core component of the exon junction complex (EJC) that binds pre-mRNAs and regulates their splicing, transport, translation, and nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Dysfunction in the core proteins has been linked to several detriments in brain development and neuropsychiatric diseases. To understand the functional role of Rbm8a in brain development, we have generated brain-specific Rbm8a knockout mice and used next-generation RNA-sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in mice with heterozygous, conditional knockout (cKO) of Rbm8a in the brain at postnatal day 17 (P17) and at embryonic day 12. Additionally, we analyzed enriched gene clusters and signaling pathways within the DEGs. At the P17 time point, between the control and cKO mice, about 251 significant DEGs were identified. At E12, only 25 DEGs were identified in the hindbrain samples. Bioinformatics analyses have revealed many signaling pathways related to the central nervous system (CNS). When E12 and P17 results were compared, three DEGs, Spp1, Gpnmb, and Top2a, appeared to peak at different developmental time points in the Rbm8a cKO mice. Enrichment analyses suggested altered activity in pathways affecting cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The results support the hypothesis that loss of Rbm8a causes decreased cellular proliferation, increased apoptosis, and early differentiation of neuronal subtypes, which may lead ultimately to an altered neuronal subtype composition in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen McSweeney
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Miranda Chen
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Fengping Dong
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Derrick James Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jennifer Mott
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Zifei Pei
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jizhong Zou
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yongsheng Shi
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yingwei Mao
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Papageorgiou G, Amoah SK, Pierotti C, Otero M, Eckel S, Coffey K, Allan AM, Caldwell KK, Mellios N. Prenatal alcohol exposure results in brain region- and sex-specific changes in circHomer1 expression in adult mouse brain. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1087950. [PMID: 36875647 PMCID: PMC9983553 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1087950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel category of covalently-closed non-coding RNAs mainly derived from the back-splicing of exons or introns of protein-coding genes. In addition to their inherent high overall stability, circRNAs, have been shown to have strong functional effects on gene expression via a multitude of transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Furthermore, circRNAs, appear to be particularly enriched in the brain and able to influence both prenatal development and postnatal brain function. However, little is known about the potential involvement of circRNAs in the long term influence of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) in the brain and their relevance for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Using circRNA-specific quantification, we have found that circHomer1, an activity-dependent circRNA derived from Homer protein homolog 1 (Homer1) and enriched in postnatal brain, is significantly down-regulated in the male frontal cortex and hippocampus of mice subjected to modest PAE. Our data further suggest that the expression of H19, an imprinted embryonic brain-enriched long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), is significantly up-regulated in the frontal cortex of male PAE mice. Furthermore, we show opposing changes in the developmental- and brain region specific- expression of circHomer1 and H19. Lastly, we show that knockdown of H19 results in robust increases in circHomer1 but not linear HOMER1 mRNA expression in human glioblastoma cell lines. Taken together, our work uncovers notable sex- and brain region-specific alterations in circRNA and lncRNA expression following PAE and introduces novel mechanistic insights with potential relevance to FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Papageorgiou
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Stephen K. Amoah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Caroline Pierotti
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Madison Otero
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Sophie Eckel
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Kacie Coffey
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Andrea M. Allan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Kevin K. Caldwell
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Nikolaos Mellios
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Autophagy, Inflammation, and Metabolism (AIM) Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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11
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He PC, Wei J, Dou X, Harada BT, Zhang Z, Ge R, Liu C, Zhang LS, Yu X, Wang S, Lyu R, Zou Z, Chen M, He C. Exon architecture controls mRNA m 6A suppression and gene expression. Science 2023; 379:677-682. [PMID: 36705538 PMCID: PMC9990141 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj9090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant messenger RNA (mRNA) modification and plays crucial roles in diverse physiological processes. Using a massively parallel assay for m6A (MPm6A), we discover that m6A specificity is globally regulated by suppressors that prevent m6A deposition in unmethylated transcriptome regions. We identify exon junction complexes (EJCs) as m6A suppressors that protect exon junction-proximal RNA within coding sequences from methylation and regulate mRNA stability through m6A suppression. EJC suppression of m6A underlies multiple global characteristics of mRNA m6A specificity, with the local range of EJC protection sufficient to suppress m6A deposition in average-length internal exons but not in long internal and terminal exons. EJC-suppressed methylation sites colocalize with EJC-suppressed splice sites, which suggests that exon architecture broadly determines local mRNA accessibility to regulatory complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Cody He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jiangbo Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Dou
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bryan T. Harada
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zijie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Ruiqi Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Li-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xianbin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ruitu Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhongyu Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mengjie Chen
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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12
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Mitra R, Rehman A, Singh KK, Jaganathan BG. Multifaceted roles of MAGOH Proteins. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1931-1941. [PMID: 36396768 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
MAGOH and MAGOHB are paralog proteins that can substitute each other in the exon junction complex (EJC). The EJC is formed of core components EIF4A3, RBM8A, and MAGOH/MAGOHB. As a part of the EJC, MAGOH proteins are required for mRNA splicing, export, translation and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). MAGOH is also essential for embryonic development and normal cellular functioning. The haploinsufficiency of MAGOH results in disorders such as microcephaly and cancer. The present review discusses the discovery of MAGOH, its paralog MAGOHB, their roles in cellular function as part of the EJC, and other cellular roles that are not directly associated with mRNA processing. We also discuss how MAGOH haploinsufficiency in cancer cells can be exploited to develop a novel targeted cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumela Mitra
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ayushi Rehman
- RNA-Binding Proteins (RBPs) Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Kusum Kumari Singh
- RNA-Binding Proteins (RBPs) Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | - Bithiah Grace Jaganathan
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Guwahati, Assam, India.
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Guwahati, Assam, India.
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13
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Lupan BM, Solecki RA, Musso CM, Alsina FC, Silver DL. The exon junction complex component EIF4A3 is essential for mouse and human cortical progenitor mitosis and neurogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.13.524010. [PMID: 36711736 PMCID: PMC9882224 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.13.524010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in components of the exon junction complex (EJC) are associated with neurodevelopment and disease. In particular, reduced levels of the RNA helicase EIF4A3 cause Richieri-Costa-Pereira Syndrome (RCPS) and CNVs are linked to intellectual disability. Consistent with this, Eif4a3 haploinsufficient mice are microcephalic. Altogether, this implicates EIF4A3 in cortical development; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we use mouse and human models to demonstrate that EIF4A3 promotes cortical development by controlling progenitor mitosis, cell fate, and survival. Eif4a3 haploinsufficiency in mice causes extensive cell death and impairs neurogenesis. Using Eif4a3 ; p53 compound mice, we show that apoptosis is most impactful for early neurogenesis, while additional p53-independent mechanisms contribute to later stages. Live imaging of mouse and human neural progenitors reveals Eif4a3 controls mitosis length, which influences progeny fate and viability. These phenotypes are conserved as cortical organoids derived from RCPS iPSCs exhibit aberrant neurogenesis. Finally, using rescue experiments we show that EIF4A3 controls neuron generation via the EJC. Altogether, our study demonstrates that EIF4A3 mediates neurogenesis by controlling mitosis duration and cell survival, implicating new mechanisms underlying EJC-mediated disorders. Summary statement This study shows that EIF4A3 mediates neurogenesis by controlling mitosis duration in both mouse and human neural progenitors, implicating new mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders.
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14
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Amberg N, Pauler FM, Streicher C, Hippenmeyer S. Tissue-wide genetic and cellular landscape shapes the execution of sequential PRC2 functions in neural stem cell lineage progression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq1263. [PMID: 36322669 PMCID: PMC9629739 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The generation of a correctly sized cerebral cortex with all-embracing neuronal and glial cell-type diversity critically depends on faithful radial glial progenitor (RGP) cell proliferation/differentiation programs. Temporal RGP lineage progression is regulated by Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), and loss of PRC2 activity results in severe neurogenesis defects and microcephaly. How PRC2-dependent gene expression instructs RGP lineage progression is unknown. Here, we use mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM)-based single-cell technology and demonstrate that PRC2 is not cell-autonomously required in neurogenic RGPs but rather acts at the global tissue-wide level. Conversely, cortical astrocyte production and maturation is cell-autonomously controlled by PRC2-dependent transcriptional regulation. We thus reveal highly distinct and sequential PRC2 functions in RGP lineage progression that are dependent on complex interplays between intrinsic and tissue-wide properties. In a broader context, our results imply a critical role for the genetic and cellular niche environment in neural stem cell behavior.
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15
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Martin H, Rupkey J, Asthana S, Yoon J, Patel S, Mott J, Pei Z, Mao Y. Diverse Roles of the Exon Junction Complex Factors in the Cell Cycle, Cancer, and Neurodevelopmental Disorders-Potential for Therapeutic Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810375. [PMID: 36142288 PMCID: PMC9499366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The exon junction complex (EJC) plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression at the levels of alternative splicing, translation, mRNA localization, and nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). The EJC is comprised of three core proteins: RNA-binding motif 8A (RBM8A), Mago homolog (MAGOH), eukaryotic initiation factor 4A3 (eIF4A3), and a peripheral EJC factor, metastatic lymph node 51 (MLN51), in addition to other peripheral factors whose structural integration is activity-dependent. The physiological and mechanistic roles of the EJC in contribution to molecular, cellular, and organismal level function continue to be explored for potential insights into genetic or pathological dysfunction. The EJC’s specific role in the cell cycle and its implications in cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders prompt enhanced investigation of the EJC as a potential target for these diseases. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of the EJC’s position in the cell cycle, its relation to cancer and developmental diseases, and potential avenues for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Martin
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Julian Rupkey
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shravan Asthana
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joy Yoon
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shray Patel
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jennifer Mott
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Zifei Pei
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yingwei Mao
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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Jaylet T, Quintens R, Benotmane MA, Luukkonen J, Tanaka IB, Ibanez C, Durand C, Sachana M, Azimzadeh O, Adam-Guillermin C, Tollefsen KE, Laurent O, Audouze K, Armant O. Development of an Adverse Outcome Pathway for radiation-induced microcephaly via expert consultation and machine learning. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1752-1762. [PMID: 35947014 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain development during embryogenesis and in early postnatal life is particularly complex and involves the interplay of many cellular processes and molecular mechanisms, making it extremely vulnerable to exogenous insults, including ionizing radiation (IR). Microcephaly is one of the most frequent neurodevelopmental abnormalities that is characterized by small brain size, and is often associated with intellectual deficiency. Decades of research span from epidemiological data on in utero exposure of the A-bomb survivors, to studies on animal and cellular models that allowed deciphering the most prominent molecular mechanisms leading to microcephaly. The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework is used to organize, evaluate and portray the scientific knowledge of toxicological effects spanning different biological levels of organizations, from the initial interaction with molecular targets to the occurrence of a disease or adversity. In the present study, the framework was used in an attempt to organize the current scientific knowledge on microcephaly progression in the context of ionizing radiation (IR) exposure. This work was performed by a group of experts formed during a recent workshop organized jointly by the Multidisciplinary European Low Dose Initiative (MELODI) and the European Radioecology Alliance (ALLIANCE) associations to present the AOP approach and tools. Here we report on the development of a putative AOP for congenital microcephaly resulting from IR exposure based on discussions of the working group and we emphasize the use of a novel machine-learning approach to assist in the screening of the available literature to develop AOPs. CONCLUSION The expert consultation led to the identification of crucial biological events for the progression of microcephaly upon exposure to IR, and highlighted current knowledge gaps. The machine learning approach was successfully used to screen the existing knowledge and helped to rapidly screen the body of evidence and in particular the epidemiological data. This systematic review approach also ensured that the analysis was sufficiently comprehensive to identify the most relevant data and facilitate rapid and consistent AOP development. We anticipate that as machine learning approaches become more user-friendly through easy-to-use web interface, this would allow AOP development to become more efficient and less time consuming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jaylet
- Université Paris Cité, T3S, Inserm UMRS 1124, Paris, France
| | - Roel Quintens
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK-CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Jukka Luukkonen
- University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ignacia Braga Tanaka
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 lenomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho-mura, Kamikita-gun, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Chrystelle Ibanez
- PSE-SANTE/SESANE/LRTOX Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), F-92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Christelle Durand
- PSE-SANTE/SESANE/LRTOX Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), F-92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Magdalini Sachana
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Environment Health and Safety Division, 75775 CEDEX 16 Paris, France
| | - Omid Azimzadeh
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection (Bfs), Section Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christelle Adam-Guillermin
- PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, N-0579, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.,Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Olivier Laurent
- PSE-SANTE/SESANE/LEPID, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), F-92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Karine Audouze
- Université Paris Cité, T3S, Inserm UMRS 1124, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Armant
- PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
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17
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Alam SS, Kumar S, Beauchamp MC, Bareke E, Boucher A, Nzirorera N, Dong Y, Padilla R, Zhang SJ, Majewski J, Jerome-Majewska LA. Snrpb is required in murine neural crest cells for proper splicing and craniofacial morphogenesis. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:275486. [PMID: 35593225 PMCID: PMC9235875 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in SNRPB, an essential core component of the five small ribonucleoprotein particles of the spliceosome, are responsible for cerebrocostomandibular syndrome (CCMS). We show that Snrpb heterozygous mouse embryos arrest shortly after implantation. Additionally, heterozygous deletion of Snrpb in the developing brain and neural crest cells models craniofacial malformations found in CCMS, and results in death shortly after birth. RNAseq analysis of mutant heads prior to morphological defects revealed increased exon skipping and intron retention in association with increased 5′ splice site strength. We found increased exon skipping in negative regulators of the P53 pathway, along with increased levels of nuclear P53 and P53 target genes. However, removing Trp53 in Snrpb heterozygous mutant neural crest cells did not completely rescue craniofacial development. We also found a small but significant increase in exon skipping of several transcripts required for head and midface development, including Smad2 and Rere. Furthermore, mutant embryos exhibited ectopic or missing expression of Fgf8 and Shh, which are required to coordinate face and brain development. Thus, we propose that mis-splicing of transcripts that regulate P53 activity and craniofacial-specific genes contributes to craniofacial malformations. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: We report the first mouse model for cerebrocostomandibular syndrome, showing that mis-splicing of transcripts that regulate P53 activity and craniofacial-specific genes contributes to craniofacial malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Shameen Alam
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Shruti Kumar
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Beauchamp
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Eric Bareke
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Alexia Boucher
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - Nadine Nzirorera
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Yanchen Dong
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Reinnier Padilla
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Si Jing Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Jacek Majewski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Loydie A Jerome-Majewska
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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18
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p53 at the crossroad of DNA replication and ribosome biogenesis stress pathways. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:972-982. [PMID: 35444234 PMCID: PMC9090812 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00999-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite several decades of intense research focused on understanding function(s) and disease-associated malfunction of p53, there is no sign of any “mid-life crisis” in this rapidly advancing area of biomedicine. Firmly established as the hub of cellular stress responses and tumor suppressor targeted in most malignancies, p53’s many talents continue to surprise us, providing not only fresh insights into cell and organismal biology, but also new avenues to cancer treatment. Among the most fruitful lines of p53 research in recent years have been the discoveries revealing the multifaceted roles of p53-centered pathways in the fundamental processes of DNA replication and ribosome biogenesis (RiBi), along with cellular responses to replication and RiBi stresses, two intertwined areas of cell (patho)physiology that we discuss in this review. Here, we first provide concise introductory notes on the canonical roles of p53, the key interacting proteins, downstream targets and post-translational modifications involved in p53 regulation. We then highlight the emerging involvement of p53 as a key component of the DNA replication Fork Speed Regulatory Network and the mechanistic links of p53 with cellular checkpoint responses to replication stress (RS), the driving force of cancer-associated genomic instability. Next, the tantalizing, yet still rather foggy functional crosstalk between replication and RiBi (nucleolar) stresses is considered, followed by the more defined involvement of p53-mediated monitoring of the multistep process of RiBi, including the latest updates on the RPL5/RPL11/5 S rRNA-MDM2-p53-mediated Impaired Ribosome Biogenesis Checkpoint (IRBC) pathway and its involvement in tumorigenesis. The diverse defects of RiBi and IRBC that predispose and/or contribute to severe human pathologies including developmental syndromes and cancer are then outlined, along with examples of promising small-molecule-based strategies to therapeutically target the RS- and particularly RiBi- stress-tolerance mechanisms to which cancer cells are addicted due to their aberrant DNA replication, repair, and proteo-synthesis demands. ![]()
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19
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Tsampoula M, Tarampoulous I, Manolakou T, Ninou E, Politis PK. The neurodevelopmental disorders associated gene Rnf113a regulates survival and differentiation properties of neural stem cells. Stem Cells 2022; 40:678-690. [DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
RNF113A (Ring Finger Protein 113A) is genetically associated with autism spectrum disorders and X-linked trichothiodystrophy (TTD) syndrome. Loss-of-function mutations in human RNF113A are causally linked to TTD, which is characterized by abnormal development of central nervous system (CNS) and mental retardation. How loss of RNF113A activity affects brain development is not known. Here we identify Rnf113a1 as a critical regulator of cell death and neurogenesis during mouse brain development. Rnf113a1 gene exhibits widespread expression in the embryonic CNS. Knockdown studies in embryonic cortical neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) and the mouse cortex suggest that Rnf113a1 controls survival, proliferation and differentiation properties of progenitor cells. Importantly, Rnf113a1 deficiency triggers cell apoptosis via a combined action on essential regulators of cell survival, including p53, Nupr1 and Rad51. Collectively, these observations establish Rnf113a1 as a regulatory factor in CNS development and provide insights for its role in neurodevelopmental defects associated with TTD and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matina Tsampoula
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Isaak Tarampoulous
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Manolakou
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elpinickie Ninou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis K Politis
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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20
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Komarasamy TV, Adnan NAA, James W, Balasubramaniam VRMT. Zika Virus Neuropathogenesis: The Different Brain Cells, Host Factors and Mechanisms Involved. Front Immunol 2022; 13:773191. [PMID: 35371036 PMCID: PMC8966389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.773191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), despite being discovered six decades earlier, became a major health concern only after an epidemic in French Polynesia and an increase in the number of microcephaly cases in Brazil. Substantial evidence has been found to support the link between ZIKV and neurological complications in infants. The virus targets various cells in the brain, including radial glial cells, neural progenitor cells (NPCs), astrocytes, microglial and glioblastoma stem cells. It affects the brain cells by exploiting different mechanisms, mainly through apoptosis and cell cycle dysregulation. The modulation of host immune response and the inflammatory process has also been demonstrated to play a critical role in ZIKV induced neurological complications. In addition to that, different ZIKV strains have exhibited specific neurotropism and unique molecular mechanisms. This review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of ZIKV-induced neuroimmunopathogenesis by dissecting its main target cells in the brain, and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. We highlighted the roles of the different ZIKV host factors and how they exploit specific host factors through various mechanisms. Overall, it covers key components for understanding the crosstalk between ZIKV and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamil Vaani Komarasamy
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Nur Amelia Azreen Adnan
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - William James
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vinod R M T Balasubramaniam
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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21
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The Physiological Roles of the Exon Junction Complex in Development and Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071192. [PMID: 35406756 PMCID: PMC8997533 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The exon junction complex (EJC) becomes an increasingly important regulator of early gene expression in the central nervous system (CNS) and other tissues. The EJC is comprised of three core proteins: RNA-binding motif 8A (RBM8A), Mago homolog (MAGOH), eukaryotic initiation factor 4A3 (EIF4A3), and a peripheral EJC factor, metastatic lymph node 51 (MLN51), together with various auxiliary factors. The EJC is assembled specifically at exon-exon junctions on mRNAs, hence the name of the complex. The EJC regulates multiple levels of gene expression, from splicing to translation and mRNA degradation. The functional roles of the EJC have been established as crucial to the normal progress of embryonic and neurological development, with wide ranging implications on molecular, cellular, and organism level function. Dysfunction of the EJC has been implicated in multiple developmental and neurological diseases. In this review, we discuss recent progress on the EJC’s physiological roles.
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22
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Rocha C, Prinos P. Post-transcriptional and Post-translational Modifications of Primary Cilia: How to Fine Tune Your Neuronal Antenna. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:809917. [PMID: 35295905 PMCID: PMC8918543 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.809917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia direct cellular signaling events during brain development and neuronal differentiation. The primary cilium is a dynamic organelle formed in a multistep process termed ciliogenesis that is tightly coordinated with the cell cycle. Genetic alterations, such as ciliary gene mutations, and epigenetic alterations, such as post-translational modifications and RNA processing of cilia related factors, give rise to human neuronal disorders and brain tumors such as glioblastoma and medulloblastoma. This review discusses the important role of genetics/epigenetics, as well as RNA processing and post-translational modifications in primary cilia function during brain development and cancer formation. We summarize mouse and human studies of ciliogenesis and primary cilia activity in the brain, and detail how cilia maintain neuronal progenitor populations and coordinate neuronal differentiation during development, as well as how cilia control different signaling pathways such as WNT, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and PDGF that are critical for neurogenesis. Moreover, we describe how post-translational modifications alter cilia formation and activity during development and carcinogenesis, and the impact of missplicing of ciliary genes leading to ciliopathies and cell cycle alterations. Finally, cilia genetic and epigenetic studies bring to light cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie neurodevelopmental disorders and brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Rocha
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Cecilia Rocha,
| | - Panagiotis Prinos
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Panagiotis Prinos,
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23
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Endosomal trafficking defects alter neural progenitor proliferation and cause microcephaly. Nat Commun 2022; 13:16. [PMID: 35013230 PMCID: PMC8748540 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary microcephaly and megalencephaly are severe brain malformations defined by reduced and increased brain size, respectively. Whether these two pathologies arise from related alterations at the molecular level is unclear. Microcephaly has been largely associated with centrosomal defects, leading to cell death. Here, we investigate the consequences of WDR81 loss of function, which causes severe microcephaly in patients. We show that WDR81 regulates endosomal trafficking of EGFR and that loss of function leads to reduced MAP kinase pathway activation. Mouse radial glial progenitor cells knocked-out for WDR81 exhibit reduced proliferation rate, subsequently leading to reduced brain size. These proliferation defects are rescued in vivo by expressing a megalencephaly-causing mutant form of Cyclin D2. Our results identify the endosomal machinery as an important regulator of proliferation rates and brain growth, demonstrating that microcephaly and megalencephaly can be caused by opposite effects on the proliferation rate of radial glial progenitors. Mutations in the human WDR81 gene result in severe microcephaly. Carpentieri et al. show that mutation of WDR81, a gene coding for an endosomal regulator, alters intracellular processing of the EGF receptor, leading to reduced proliferation rates of neuronal progenitors and to microcephaly.
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24
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Ho CH, Paolantoni C, Bawankar P, Tang Z, Brown S, Roignant J, Treisman JE. An exon junction complex-independent function of Barentsz in neuromuscular synapse growth. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53231. [PMID: 34726300 PMCID: PMC8728599 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The exon junction complex controls the translation, degradation, and localization of spliced mRNAs, and three of its core subunits also play a role in splicing. Here, we show that a fourth subunit, Barentsz, has distinct functions within and separate from the exon junction complex in Drosophila neuromuscular development. The distribution of mitochondria in larval muscles requires Barentsz as well as other exon junction complex subunits and is not rescued by a Barentsz transgene in which residues required for binding to the core subunit eIF4AIII are mutated. In contrast, interactions with the exon junction complex are not required for Barentsz to promote the growth of neuromuscular synapses. We find that the Activin ligand Dawdle shows reduced expression in barentsz mutants and acts downstream of Barentsz to control synapse growth. Both barentsz and dawdle are required in motor neurons, muscles, and glia for normal synapse growth, and exogenous Dawdle can rescue synapse growth in the absence of barentsz. These results identify a biological function for Barentsz that is independent of the exon junction complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk Hei Ho
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell BiologyNYU School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Chiara Paolantoni
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Génopode Building, Faculty of Biology and MedicineUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Praveen Bawankar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical SciencesJohannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Zuojian Tang
- Center for Health Informatics and BioinformaticsNYU Langone Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA
- Present address:
Computational Biology at Ridgefield US, Global Computational Biology and Digital ScienceBoehringer IngelheimRidgefieldCTUSA
| | - Stuart Brown
- Center for Health Informatics and BioinformaticsNYU Langone Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA
- Present address:
ExxonMobil Corporate Strategic ResearchAnnandaleNJUSA
| | - Jean‐Yves Roignant
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Génopode Building, Faculty of Biology and MedicineUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical SciencesJohannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Jessica E Treisman
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell BiologyNYU School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
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25
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Su CH, Liao WJ, Ke WC, Yang RB, Tarn WY. The Y14-p53 regulatory circuit in megakaryocyte differentiation and thrombocytopenia. iScience 2021; 24:103368. [PMID: 34816104 PMCID: PMC8593568 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia-absent radius (TAR) syndrome is caused by RBM8A insufficiency. We generated megakaryocyte-specific Rbm8a knockout (Rbm8aKOMK) mice that exhibited marked thrombocytopenia, internal hemorrhage, and splenomegaly, providing evidence that genetic deficiency of Rbm8a causes a disorder of platelet production. Rbm8aKOMK mice accumulated low-ploidy immature megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and exhibited defective platelet activation and aggregation. Accordingly, depletion of Y14 (RBM8A) in human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells compromised phorbol-ester-induced polyploidization. Notably, Y14/RBM8A deficiency induced both p53 and p21 in megakaryocytes and HEL cells. Treatment with a p53 inhibitor restored ex vivo differentiation of Rbm8aKOMK megakaryocytes and unexpectedly activated Y14 expression in HEL cells. Trp53 knockout partially restored megakaryocyte differentiation by reversing cell-cycle arrest and increased platelet counts of Rbm8aKOMK, indicating that excess p53 in part accounts for thrombocytopenia in TAR syndrome. This study provides evidence for the role of the Y14-p53 circuit in platelet production and a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Su
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ju Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Ke
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Bing Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Woan-Yuh Tarn
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Corresponding author
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26
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Zein-Sabatto H, Lerit DA. The Identification and Functional Analysis of mRNA Localizing to Centrosomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:782802. [PMID: 34805187 PMCID: PMC8595238 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.782802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes are multifunctional organelles tasked with organizing the microtubule cytoskeleton required for genome stability, intracellular trafficking, and ciliogenesis. Contributing to the diversity of centrosome functions are cell cycle-dependent oscillations in protein localization and post-translational modifications. Less understood is the role of centrosome-localized messenger RNA (mRNA). Since its discovery, the concept of nucleic acids at the centrosome was controversial, and physiological roles for centrosomal mRNAs remained muddled and underexplored. Over the past decades, however, transcripts, RNA-binding proteins, and ribosomes were detected at the centrosome in various organisms and cell types, hinting at a conservation of function. Indeed, recent work defines centrosomes as sites of local protein synthesis, and defined mRNAs were recently implicated in regulating centrosome functions. In this review, we summarize the evidence for the presence of mRNA at the centrosome and the current work that aims to unravel the biological functions of mRNA localized to centrosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorothy A. Lerit
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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27
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White AK, Baumgartner M, Lee MF, Drake KD, Aquino GS, Kanadia RN. Trp53 ablation fails to prevent microcephaly in mouse pallium with impaired minor intron splicing. Development 2021; 148:272517. [PMID: 34557915 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Minor spliceosome inhibition due to mutations in RNU4ATAC are linked to primary microcephaly. Ablation of Rnu11, which encodes a minor spliceosome snRNA, inhibits the minor spliceosome in the developing mouse pallium, causing microcephaly. There, cell cycle defects and p53-mediated apoptosis in response to DNA damage resulted in loss of radial glial cells (RGCs), underpinning microcephaly. Here, we ablated Trp53 to block cell death in Rnu11 cKO mice. We report that Trp53 ablation failed to prevent microcephaly in these double knockout (dKO) mice. We show that the transcriptome of the dKO pallium was more similar to the control compared with the Rnu11 cKO. We find aberrant minor intron splicing in minor intron-containing genes involved in cell cycle regulation, resulting in more severely impaired mitotic progression and cell cycle lengthening of RGCs in the dKO that was detected earlier than in the Rnu11 cKO. Furthermore, we discover a potential role of p53 in causing DNA damage in the developing pallium, as detection of γH2aX+ was delayed in the dKO. Thus, we postulate that microcephaly in minor spliceosome-related diseases is primarily caused by cell cycle defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa K White
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | | | - Madisen F Lee
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Kyle D Drake
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Gabriela S Aquino
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Rahul N Kanadia
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Institute of Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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28
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Forman TE, Dennison BJC, Fantauzzo KA. The Role of RNA-Binding Proteins in Vertebrate Neural Crest and Craniofacial Development. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:34. [PMID: 34564083 PMCID: PMC8482138 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranial neural crest (NC) cells delaminate from the neural folds in the forebrain to the hindbrain during mammalian embryogenesis and migrate into the frontonasal prominence and pharyngeal arches. These cells generate the bone and cartilage of the frontonasal skeleton, among other diverse derivatives. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have emerged as critical regulators of NC and craniofacial development in mammals. Conventional RBPs bind to specific sequence and/or structural motifs in a target RNA via one or more RNA-binding domains to regulate multiple aspects of RNA metabolism and ultimately affect gene expression. In this review, we discuss the roles of RBPs other than core spliceosome components during human and mouse NC and craniofacial development. Where applicable, we review data on these same RBPs from additional vertebrate species, including chicken, Xenopus and zebrafish models. Knockdown or ablation of several RBPs discussed here results in altered expression of transcripts encoding components of developmental signaling pathways, as well as reduced cell proliferation and/or increased cell death, indicating that these are common mechanisms contributing to the observed phenotypes. The study of these proteins offers a relatively untapped opportunity to provide significant insight into the mechanisms underlying gene expression regulation during craniofacial morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katherine A. Fantauzzo
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (T.E.F.); (B.J.C.D.)
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29
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Tsai YY, Su CH, Tarn WY. p53 Activation in Genetic Disorders: Different Routes to the Same Destination. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9307. [PMID: 34502215 PMCID: PMC8430931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is critical for preventing neoplastic transformation and tumor progression. Inappropriate activation of p53, however, has been observed in a number of human inherited disorders that most often affect development of the brain, craniofacial region, limb skeleton, and hematopoietic system. Genes related to these developmental disorders are essentially involved in transcriptional regulation/chromatin remodeling, rRNA metabolism, DNA damage-repair pathways, telomere maintenance, and centrosome biogenesis. Perturbation of these activities or cellular processes may result in p53 accumulation in cell cultures, animal models, and perhaps humans as well. Mouse models of several p53 activation-associated disorders essentially recapitulate human traits, and inactivation of p53 in these models can alleviate disorder-related phenotypes. In the present review, we focus on how dysfunction of the aforementioned biological processes causes developmental defects via excessive p53 activation. Notably, several disease-related genes exert a pleiotropic effect on those cellular processes, which may modulate the magnitude of p53 activation and establish or disrupt regulatory loops. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for genetic disorders associated with p53 misactivation.
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30
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Understanding microcephaly through the study of centrosome regulation in Drosophila neural stem cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:2101-2115. [PMID: 32897294 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microcephaly is a rare, yet devastating, neurodevelopmental condition caused by genetic or environmental insults, such as the Zika virus infection. Microcephaly manifests with a severely reduced head circumference. Among the known heritable microcephaly genes, a significant proportion are annotated with centrosome-related ontologies. Centrosomes are microtubule-organizing centers, and they play fundamental roles in the proliferation of the neuronal progenitors, the neural stem cells (NSCs), which undergo repeated rounds of asymmetric cell division to drive neurogenesis and brain development. Many of the genes, pathways, and developmental paradigms that dictate NSC development in humans are conserved in Drosophila melanogaster. As such, studies of Drosophila NSCs lend invaluable insights into centrosome function within NSCs and help inform the pathophysiology of human microcephaly. This mini-review will briefly survey causative links between deregulated centrosome functions and microcephaly with particular emphasis on insights learned from Drosophila NSCs.
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31
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Kanellis DC, Espinoza JA, Zisi A, Sakkas E, Bartkova J, Katsori AM, Boström J, Dyrskjøt L, Broholm H, Altun M, Elsässer SJ, Lindström MS, Bartek J. The exon-junction complex helicase eIF4A3 controls cell fate via coordinated regulation of ribosome biogenesis and translational output. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf7561. [PMID: 34348895 PMCID: PMC8336962 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf7561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-III (eIF4A3), a core helicase component of the exon junction complex, is essential for splicing, mRNA trafficking, and nonsense-mediated decay processes emerging as targets in cancer therapy. Here, we unravel eIF4A3's tumor-promoting function by demonstrating its role in ribosome biogenesis (RiBi) and p53 (de)regulation. Mechanistically, eIF4A3 resides in nucleoli within the small subunit processome and regulates rRNA processing via R-loop clearance. EIF4A3 depletion induces cell cycle arrest through impaired RiBi checkpoint-mediated p53 induction and reprogrammed translation of cell cycle regulators. Multilevel omics analysis following eIF4A3 depletion pinpoints pathways of cell death regulation and translation of alternative mouse double minute homolog 2 (MDM2) transcript isoforms that control p53. EIF4A3 expression and subnuclear localization among clinical cancer specimens correlate with the RiBi status rendering eIF4A3 an exploitable vulnerability in high-RiBi tumors. We propose a concept of eIF4A3's unexpected role in RiBi, with implications for cancer pathogenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris C Kanellis
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaime A Espinoza
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asimina Zisi
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elpidoforos Sakkas
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jirina Bartkova
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna-Maria Katsori
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm Node, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17165, Sweden
| | - Johan Boström
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lars Dyrskjøt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Helle Broholm
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikael Altun
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Simon J Elsässer
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm Node, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17165, Sweden
| | - Mikael S Lindström
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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32
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Konishi H, Kashima S, Goto T, Ando K, Sakatani A, Tanaka H, Ueno N, Moriichi K, Okumura T, Fujiya M. The Identification of RNA-Binding Proteins Functionally Associated with Tumor Progression in Gastrointestinal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133165. [PMID: 34202873 PMCID: PMC8269357 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Previous investigations described bioinformatic analyses based on the mRNA expression and somatic mutation as useful strategies for identifying cancer-associated molecules that were potential candidates of therapeutic targets. However, these data included secondary changes and non-functional alterations that do not influence tumor progression. Investigations, including our own studies, have shown that some RBPs shuttle cytoplasm and nuclei, and their affinity to RNAs is regulated by posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation. Therefore, the functional assessment of individual molecules is the most suitable strategy for identifying cancer-associated genes with or without expressional changes and mutations. This report showed for the first time that a functional assessment using an siRNA library was useful for identifying therapeutic targets from molecular groups, including RBPs, that had not been identified by expressional and mutational analyses. Abstract Previous investigations have indicated that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key molecules for the development of organs, differentiation, cell growth and apoptosis in cancer cells as well as normal cells. A bioinformatics analysis based on the mRNA expression and a somatic mutational database revealed the association between aberrant expression/mutations of RBPs and cancer progression. However, this method failed to detect functional alterations in RBPs without changes in the expression, thus leading to false negatives. To identify major tumor-associated RBPs, we constructed an siRNA library based on the database of RBPs and assessed the influence on the growth of colorectal, pancreatic and esophageal cancer cells. A comprehensive analysis of siRNA functional screening findings using 1198 siRNAs targeting 416 RBPs identified 41 RBPs in which 50% inhibition of cell growth was observed in cancer cells. Among these RBPs, 12 showed no change in the mRNA expression and no growth suppression in non-cancerous cells when downregulated by specific siRNAs. We herein report for the first time cancer-promotive RBPs identified by a novel functional assessment using an siRNA library of RBPs combined with expressional and mutational analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Konishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Advanced Medical Sciences, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1, Midorigaoka, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan;
| | - Shin Kashima
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (S.K.); (T.G.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (N.U.); (K.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Takuma Goto
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (S.K.); (T.G.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (N.U.); (K.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Katsuyoshi Ando
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (S.K.); (T.G.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (N.U.); (K.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Aki Sakatani
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (S.K.); (T.G.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (N.U.); (K.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan;
| | - Nobuhiro Ueno
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (S.K.); (T.G.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (N.U.); (K.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Kentaro Moriichi
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (S.K.); (T.G.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (N.U.); (K.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Toshikatsu Okumura
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (S.K.); (T.G.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (N.U.); (K.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Mikihiro Fujiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Advanced Medical Sciences, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1, Midorigaoka, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan;
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (S.K.); (T.G.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (N.U.); (K.M.); (T.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-166-68-2462
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33
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Huang S, Lu Y, Li S, Zhou T, Wang J, Xia J, Zhang X, Zhou Z. Key proteins of proteome underlying sperm malformation of rats exposed to low fenvalerate doses are highly related to P53. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1181-1194. [PMID: 33656234 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fenvalerate (Fen) is an endocrine disruptor, capable of interfering with the activity of estrogen and androgen. Our objective was to explore the molecular mechanisms of Fen on sperm in vivo. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally exposed to 0, 0.00625, 0.125, 2.5, 30 mg/kg/day Fen for 8 weeks. Sperm morphology, differential proteomics of sperm and testes, bioinformatic analysis, western blotting (WB), and RT-PCR were used to explore the mechanism of Fen on sperm. Data showed that low Fen doses significantly induced sperm malformations. In sperm proteomics, 47 differentially expressed (DE) proteins were enriched in biological processes (BPs) related to energy metabolism, response to estrogen, spermatogenesis; and enriched in cellular components (CCs) relating to energy-metabolism, sperm fibrous sheath and their outer dense fibers. In testicular proteomics, 56 DE proteins were highly associated with mRNA splicing, energy metabolism; and enriched in CCs relating to vesicles, myelin sheath, microtubules, mitochondria. WB showed that the expression of selected proteins was identical to their tendency in 2D gels. Literature indicates that key DE proteins in proteomic profiles (such as Trap1, Hnrnpa2b1, Hnrnpk, Hspa8, and Gapdh) are involved in P53-related processes or morphogenesis or spermatogenesis. Also, P53 mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased by Fen; bioinformatic re-analysis showed that 88.5% DE proteins and P53 formed a complex interacting network, and the key DE proteins were coenriched with P53-related BPs. Results indicate that key DE proteins of proteome underlying sperm malformations of rats exposed to low Fen doses are highly related to P53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoping Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Suying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Reproductive Center of Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangyan Xia
- Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuomin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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34
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Wang B, Rong X, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Sun J, Zhao B, Deng B, Lu L, Lu L, Li Y, Zhou J. Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A3 inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling and regulates axis formation in zebrafish embryos. Development 2021; 148:261699. [PMID: 33914867 DOI: 10.1242/dev.198101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A key step in the activation of canonical Wnt signaling is the interaction between β-catenin and Tcf/Lefs that forms the transcription activation complex and facilitates the expression of target genes. Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A3 (EIF4A3) is an ATP-dependent DEAD box-family RNA helicase and acts as a core subunit of the exon junction complex (EJC) to control a series of RNA post-transcriptional processes. In this study, we uncover that EIF4A3 functions as a Wnt inhibitor by interfering with the formation of β-catenin/Tcf transcription activation complex. As Wnt stimulation increases, accumulated β-catenin displaces EIF4A3 from a transcriptional complex with Tcf/Lef, allowing the active complex to facilitate the expression of target genes. In zebrafish embryos, eif4a3 depletion inhibited the development of the dorsal organizer and pattern formation of the anterior neuroectoderm by increasing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Conversely, overexpression of eif4a3 decreased Wnt/β-catenin signaling and inhibited the formation of the dorsal organizer before gastrulation. Our results reveal previously unreported roles of EIF4A3 in the inhibition of Wnt signaling and the regulation of embryonic development in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaozhi Rong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yumei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yunzhang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiqin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Beibei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lei Lu
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266003, China
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35
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Lee PJ, Yang S, Sun Y, Guo JU. Regulation of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in neural development and disease. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:269-281. [PMID: 33783512 PMCID: PMC8339359 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotes have evolved a variety of mRNA surveillance mechanisms to detect and degrade aberrant mRNAs with potential deleterious outcomes. Among them, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) functions not only as a quality control mechanism targeting aberrant mRNAs containing a premature termination codon but also as a posttranscriptional gene regulation mechanism targeting numerous physiological mRNAs. Despite its well-characterized molecular basis, the regulatory scope and biological functions of NMD at an organismal level are incompletely understood. In humans, mutations in genes encoding core NMD factors cause specific developmental and neurological syndromes, suggesting a critical role of NMD in the central nervous system. Here, we review the accumulating biochemical and genetic evidence on the developmental regulation and physiological functions of NMD as well as an emerging role of NMD dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Jongseo Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Suzhou Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Junjie U Guo
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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36
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Kwon OS, Mishra R, Safieddine A, Coleno E, Alasseur Q, Faucourt M, Barbosa I, Bertrand E, Spassky N, Le Hir H. Exon junction complex dependent mRNA localization is linked to centrosome organization during ciliogenesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1351. [PMID: 33649372 PMCID: PMC7921557 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21590-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exon junction complexes (EJCs) mark untranslated spliced mRNAs and are crucial for the mRNA lifecycle. An imbalance in EJC dosage alters mouse neural stem cell (mNSC) division and is linked to human neurodevelopmental disorders. In quiescent mNSC and immortalized human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE1) cells, centrioles form a basal body for ciliogenesis. Here, we report that EJCs accumulate at basal bodies of mNSC or RPE1 cells and decline when these cells differentiate or resume growth. A high-throughput smFISH screen identifies two transcripts accumulating at centrosomes in quiescent cells, NIN and BICD2. In contrast to BICD2, the localization of NIN transcripts is EJC-dependent. NIN mRNA encodes a core component of centrosomes required for microtubule nucleation and anchoring. We find that EJC down-regulation impairs both pericentriolar material organization and ciliogenesis. An EJC-dependent mRNA trafficking towards centrosome and basal bodies might contribute to proper mNSC division and brain development. Exon junction complexes (EJCs) that mark untranslated mRNA are involved in transport, translation and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Here the authors show centrosomal localization of EJCs which appears to be required for both the localization of NIN mRNA around centrosomes and ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Sung Kwon
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Rahul Mishra
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Adham Safieddine
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Emeline Coleno
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Quentin Alasseur
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marion Faucourt
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Barbosa
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Edouard Bertrand
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Spassky
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Le Hir
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
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37
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Schieweck R, Ninkovic J, Kiebler MA. RNA-binding proteins balance brain function in health and disease. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:1309-1370. [PMID: 33000986 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00047.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranscriptional gene expression including splicing, RNA transport, translation, and RNA decay provides an important regulatory layer in many if not all molecular pathways. Research in the last decades has positioned RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) right in the center of posttranscriptional gene regulation. Here, we propose interdependent networks of RBPs to regulate complex pathways within the central nervous system (CNS). These are involved in multiple aspects of neuronal development and functioning, including higher cognition. Therefore, it is not sufficient to unravel the individual contribution of a single RBP and its consequences but rather to study and understand the tight interplay between different RBPs. In this review, we summarize recent findings in the field of RBP biology and discuss the complex interplay between different RBPs. Second, we emphasize the underlying dynamics within an RBP network and how this might regulate key processes such as neurogenesis, synaptic transmission, and synaptic plasticity. Importantly, we envision that dysfunction of specific RBPs could lead to perturbation within the RBP network. This would have direct and indirect (compensatory) effects in mRNA binding and translational control leading to global changes in cellular expression programs in general and in synaptic plasticity in particular. Therefore, we focus on RBP dysfunction and how this might cause neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Based on recent findings, we propose that alterations in the entire regulatory RBP network might account for phenotypic dysfunctions observed in complex diseases including neurodegeneration, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Schieweck
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department for Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jovica Ninkovic
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department for Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael A Kiebler
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department for Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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38
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Xiong Y, Zhang Y, Xiong S, Williams-Villalobo AE. A Glance of p53 Functions in Brain Development, Neural Stem Cells, and Brain Cancer. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9090285. [PMID: 32932978 PMCID: PMC7564678 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
p53 is one of the most intensively studied tumor suppressors. It transcriptionally regulates a broad range of genes to modulate a series of cellular events, including DNA damage repair, cell cycle arrest, senescence, apoptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, and metabolic remodeling, which are fundamental for both development and cancer. This review discusses the role of p53 in brain development, neural stem cell regulation and the mechanisms of inactivating p53 in gliomas. p53 null or p53 mutant mice show female biased exencephaly, potentially due to X chromosome inactivation failure and/or hormone-related gene expression. Oxidative cellular status, increased PI3K/Akt signaling, elevated ID1, and metabolism are all implicated in p53-loss induced neurogenesis. However, p53 has also been shown to promote neuronal differentiation. In addition, p53 mutations are frequently identified in brain tumors, especially glioblastomas. Mechanisms underlying p53 inactivation in brain tumor cells include disruption of p53 protein stability, gene expression and transactivation potential as well as p53 gene loss or mutation. Loss of p53 function and gain-of-function of mutant p53 are both implicated in brain development and tumor genesis. Further understanding of the role of p53 in the brain may provide therapeutic insights for brain developmental syndromes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Xiong
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-313-7557
| | - Shunbin Xiong
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Abie E. Williams-Villalobo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA;
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39
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Tan K, Jones SH, Lake BB, Chousal JN, Shum EY, Zhang L, Chen S, Sohni A, Pandya S, Gallo RL, Zhang K, Cook-Andersen H, Wilkinson MF. The role of the NMD factor UPF3B in olfactory sensory neurons. eLife 2020; 9:e57525. [PMID: 32773035 PMCID: PMC7452722 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The UPF3B-dependent branch of the nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD) pathway is critical for human cognition. Here, we examined the role of UPF3B in the olfactory system. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis demonstrated considerable heterogeneity of olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) cell populations in wild-type (WT) mice, and revealed that UPF3B loss influences specific subsets of these cell populations. UPF3B also regulates the expression of a large cadre of antimicrobial genes in OSNs, and promotes the selection of specific olfactory receptor (Olfr) genes for expression in mature OSNs (mOSNs). RNA-seq and Ribotag analyses identified classes of mRNAs expressed and translated at different levels in WT and Upf3b-null mOSNs. Integrating multiple computational approaches, UPF3B-dependent NMD target transcripts that are candidates to mediate the functions of NMD in mOSNs were identified in vivo. Together, our data provides a valuable resource for the olfactory field and insights into the roles of NMD in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Tan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Samantha H Jones
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Blue B Lake
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Jennifer N Chousal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Eleen Y Shum
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Lingjuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Abhishek Sohni
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Shivam Pandya
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Heidi Cook-Andersen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Miles F Wilkinson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
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40
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Mitchell-Dick A, Chalem A, Pilaz LJ, Silver DL. Acute Lengthening of Progenitor Mitosis Influences Progeny Fate during Cortical Development in vivo. Dev Neurosci 2020; 41:300-317. [PMID: 32541147 DOI: 10.1159/000507113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Prenatal microcephaly is posited to arise from aberrant mitosis of neural progenitors, which disrupts both neuronal production and survival. Although microcephaly has both a genetic and environmental etiology, the mechanisms by which dysregulation of mitosis causes microcephaly are poorly understood. We previously discovered that prolonged mitosis of mouse neural progenitors, either ex vivo or in vitro, directly alters progeny cell fate, -resulting in precocious differentiation and apoptosis. This raises questions as to whether prolonged progenitor mitosis affects cell fate and neurogenesis in vivo, and what are the underlying mechanisms? METHODS/RESULTS Towards addressing these knowledge gaps, we developed an in vivo model of mitotic delay. This uses pharmacological inhibition to acutely and reversibly prolong mitosis during cortical development, and fluorescent dyes to label direct progeny. Using this model, we discovered that a causal relationship between mitotic delay of neural progenitors and altered progeny cell fate is evident in vivo. Using transcriptome analyses to investigate the state of delayed cells and their progeny, we uncovered potential molecular mechanisms by which prolonged mitosis induces altered cell fates, including DNA damage and p53 signaling. We then extended our studies to human neural progenitors, demonstrating that lengthened mitosis duration also directly alters neuronal cell fate. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes a valuable new experimental paradigm towards understanding mechanisms whereby lengthened mitosis duration may explain some cases of microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Mitchell-Dick
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrea Chalem
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Louis-Jan Pilaz
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Debra L Silver
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA, .,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA, .,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA, .,Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA,
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41
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Leon K, Ott M. An 'Arms Race' between the Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay Pathway and Viral Infections. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 111:101-107. [PMID: 32553580 PMCID: PMC7295464 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay (NMD) pathway is an RNA quality control pathway conserved among eukaryotic cells. While historically thought to predominantly recognize transcripts with premature termination codons, it is now known that the NMD pathway plays a variety of roles, from homeostatic events to control of viral pathogens. In this review we highlight the reciprocal interactions between the host NMD pathway and viral pathogens, which have shaped both the host antiviral defense and viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Leon
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, United States; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Melanie Ott
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, United States; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
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42
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Stracker TH, Morrison CG, Gergely F. Molecular causes of primary microcephaly and related diseases: a report from the UNIA Workshop. Chromosoma 2020; 129:115-120. [PMID: 32424716 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-020-00737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The International University of Andalucía (UNIA) Current Trends in Biomedicine Workshop on Molecular Causes of Primary Microcephaly and Related Diseases took place in Baeza, Spain, November 18-20, 2019. This meeting brought together scientists from Europe, the USA and China to discuss recent advances in our molecular and genetic understanding of a group of rare neurodevelopmental diseases characterised by primary microcephaly, a condition in which head circumference is smaller than normal at birth. Microcephaly can be caused by inherited mutations that affect key cellular processes, or environmental exposure to radiation or other toxins. It can also result from viral infection, as exemplified by the recent Zika virus outbreak in South America. Here we summarise a number of the scientific advances presented and topics discussed at the meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis H Stracker
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ciaran G Morrison
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Biosciences Building, Dangan, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Fanni Gergely
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
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Gangras P, Gallagher TL, Parthun MA, Yi Z, Patton RD, Tietz KT, Deans NC, Bundschuh R, Amacher SL, Singh G. Zebrafish rbm8a and magoh mutants reveal EJC developmental functions and new 3'UTR intron-containing NMD targets. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008830. [PMID: 32502192 PMCID: PMC7310861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many post-transcriptional mechanisms operate via mRNA 3'UTRs to regulate protein expression, and such controls are crucial for development. We show that homozygous mutations in two zebrafish exon junction complex (EJC) core genes rbm8a and magoh leads to muscle disorganization, neural cell death, and motor neuron outgrowth defects, as well as dysregulation of mRNAs subjected to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) due to translation termination ≥ 50 nts upstream of the last exon-exon junction. Intriguingly, we find that EJC-dependent NMD also regulates a subset of transcripts that contain 3'UTR introns (3'UI) < 50 nts downstream of a stop codon. Some transcripts containing such stop codon-proximal 3'UI are also NMD-sensitive in cultured human cells and mouse embryonic stem cells. We identify 167 genes that contain a conserved proximal 3'UI in zebrafish, mouse and humans. foxo3b is one such proximal 3'UI-containing gene that is upregulated in zebrafish EJC mutant embryos, at both mRNA and protein levels, and loss of foxo3b function in EJC mutant embryos significantly rescues motor axon growth defects. These data are consistent with EJC-dependent NMD regulating foxo3b mRNA to control protein expression during zebrafish development. Our work shows that the EJC is critical for normal zebrafish development and suggests that proximal 3'UIs may serve gene regulatory function in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Gangras
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Thomas L. Gallagher
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Parthun
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Zhongxia Yi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Robert D. Patton
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kiel T. Tietz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Natalie C. Deans
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ralf Bundschuh
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sharon L. Amacher
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Guramrit Singh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Ohio, United States of America
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Beauchamp MC, Alam SS, Kumar S, Jerome-Majewska LA. Spliceosomopathies and neurocristopathies: Two sides of the same coin? Dev Dyn 2020; 249:924-945. [PMID: 32315467 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in core components of the spliceosome are responsible for a group of syndromes collectively known as spliceosomopathies. Patients exhibit microcephaly, micrognathia, malar hypoplasia, external ear anomalies, eye anomalies, psychomotor delay, intellectual disability, limb, and heart defects. Craniofacial malformations in these patients are predominantly found in neural crest cells-derived structures of the face and head. Mutations in eight genes SNRPB, RNU4ATAC, SF3B4, PUF60, EFTUD2, TXNL4, EIF4A3, and CWC27 are associated with craniofacial spliceosomopathies. In this review, we provide a brief description of the normal development of the head and the face and an overview of mutations identified in genes associated with craniofacial spliceosomopathies. We also describe a model to explain how and when these mutations are most likely to impact neural crest cells. We speculate that mutations in a subset of core splicing factors lead to disrupted splicing in neural crest cells because these cells have increased sensitivity to inefficient splicing. Hence, disruption in splicing likely activates a cellular stress response that includes increased skipping of regulatory exons in genes such as MDM2 and MDM4, key regulators of P53. This would result in P53-associated death of neural crest cells and consequently craniofacial malformations associated with spliceosomopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Beauchamp
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sabrina Shameen Alam
- McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shruti Kumar
- McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Loydie Anne Jerome-Majewska
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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45
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Lennox AL, Hoye ML, Jiang R, Johnson-Kerner BL, Suit LA, Venkataramanan S, Sheehan CJ, Alsina FC, Fregeau B, Aldinger KA, Moey C, Lobach I, Afenjar A, Babovic-Vuksanovic D, Bézieau S, Blackburn PR, Bunt J, Burglen L, Campeau PM, Charles P, Chung BHY, Cogné B, Curry C, D'Agostino MD, Di Donato N, Faivre L, Héron D, Innes AM, Isidor B, Keren B, Kimball A, Klee EW, Kuentz P, Küry S, Martin-Coignard D, Mirzaa G, Mignot C, Miyake N, Matsumoto N, Fujita A, Nava C, Nizon M, Rodriguez D, Blok LS, Thauvin-Robinet C, Thevenon J, Vincent M, Ziegler A, Dobyns W, Richards LJ, Barkovich AJ, Floor SN, Silver DL, Sherr EH. Pathogenic DDX3X Mutations Impair RNA Metabolism and Neurogenesis during Fetal Cortical Development. Neuron 2020; 106:404-420.e8. [PMID: 32135084 PMCID: PMC7331285 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
De novo germline mutations in the RNA helicase DDX3X account for 1%-3% of unexplained intellectual disability (ID) cases in females and are associated with autism, brain malformations, and epilepsy. Yet, the developmental and molecular mechanisms by which DDX3X mutations impair brain function are unknown. Here, we use human and mouse genetics and cell biological and biochemical approaches to elucidate mechanisms by which pathogenic DDX3X variants disrupt brain development. We report the largest clinical cohort to date with DDX3X mutations (n = 107), demonstrating a striking correlation between recurrent dominant missense mutations, polymicrogyria, and the most severe clinical outcomes. We show that Ddx3x controls cortical development by regulating neuron generation. Severe DDX3X missense mutations profoundly disrupt RNA helicase activity, induce ectopic RNA-protein granules in neural progenitors and neurons, and impair translation. Together, these results uncover key mechanisms underlying DDX3X syndrome and highlight aberrant RNA metabolism in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Lennox
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mariah L Hoye
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ruiji Jiang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Lindsey A Suit
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Srivats Venkataramanan
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Charles J Sheehan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Fernando C Alsina
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Brieana Fregeau
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kimberly A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Ching Moey
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Iryna Lobach
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- Centre de référence des malformations et maladies congénitales du cervelet et Département de génétique et embryologie médicale, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Dusica Babovic-Vuksanovic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Patrick R Blackburn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jens Bunt
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lydie Burglen
- Centre de référence des malformations et maladies congénitales du cervelet et Département de génétique et embryologie médicale, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal and CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Perrine Charles
- Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière et Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Brian H Y Chung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Benjamin Cogné
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Cynthia Curry
- Genetic Medicine, University of California San Francisco/Fresno, Fresno, CA 93701, USA
| | - Maria Daniela D'Agostino
- Division of Medical Genetics, Departments of Specialized Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, INSERM UMR 1231 GAD, CHU de Dijon et Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Delphine Héron
- APHP, Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Boris Keren
- APHP, Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Amy Kimball
- Harvey Institute of Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric W Klee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Paul Kuentz
- UMR-INSERM 1231 GAD, Génétique des Anomalies du développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sébastien Küry
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Ghayda Mirzaa
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière et Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Caroline Nava
- APHP, Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Diana Rodriguez
- Centre de Référence Neurogénétique & Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Lot Snijders Blok
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- Centre de référence Déficience Intellectuelle, INSERM UMR 1231 GAD, CHU de Dijon et Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- Centre de référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, INSERM UMR 1231 GAD, CHU de Dijon et Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Marie Vincent
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - William Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Linda J Richards
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - A James Barkovich
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Stephen N Floor
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Debra L Silver
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Elliott H Sherr
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Institute of Human Genetics and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Sheehan CJ, McMahon JJ, Serdar LD, Silver DL. Dosage-dependent requirements of Magoh for cortical interneuron generation and survival. Development 2020; 147:dev.182295. [PMID: 31857347 DOI: 10.1242/dev.182295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic interneuron development underlies cortical function and its disruption contributes to neurological disease. Yet the mechanisms by which viable interneurons are produced from progenitors remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate dosage-dependent requirements of the exon junction complex component Magoh for interneuron genesis in mouse. Conditional Magoh ablation from interneuron progenitors, but not post-mitotic neurons, depletes cortical interneuron number through adulthood, with increased severity in homozygotes. Using live imaging, we discover that Magoh deficiency delays progenitor mitotic progression in a dosage-sensitive fashion, with 40% of homozygous progenitors failing to divide. This shows that Magoh is required in progenitors for both generation and survival of newborn progeny. Transcriptome analysis implicates p53 signaling; moreover, p53 ablation in Magoh haploinsufficient progenitors rescues apoptosis, completely recovering interneuron number. In striking contrast, in Magoh homozygotes, p53 loss fails to rescue interneuron number and mitotic delay, further implicating mitotic defects in interneuron loss. Our results demonstrate that interneuron development is intimately dependent upon progenitor mitosis duration and uncover a crucial post-transcriptional regulator of interneuron fate relevant for neurodevelopmental pathologies.This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Sheehan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - John J McMahon
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lucas D Serdar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Debra L Silver
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA .,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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47
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Kimball C, Powers K, Dustin J, Poirier V, Pellettieri J. The exon junction complex is required for stem and progenitor cell maintenance in planarians. Dev Biol 2020; 457:119-127. [PMID: 31557470 PMCID: PMC8544814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Named for its assembly near exon-exon junctions during pre-mRNA splicing, the exon junction complex (EJC) regulates multiple aspects of RNA biochemistry, including export of spliced mRNAs from the nucleus and translation. Transcriptome analyses have revealed broad EJC occupancy of spliced metazoan transcripts, yet inhibition of core subunits has been linked to surprisingly specific phenotypes and a growing number of studies support gene-specific regulatory roles. Here we report results from a classroom-based RNAi screen revealing the EJC is necessary for regeneration in the planarian flatworm Schmidtea mediterranea. RNAi animals rapidly lost the stem and progenitor cells that drive formation of new tissue during both regeneration and cell turnover, but exhibited normal amputation-induced changes in gene expression in differentiated tissues. Together with previous reports that partial loss of EJC function causes stem cell defects in Drosophila and mice, our observations implicate the EJC as a conserved, posttranscriptional regulator of gene expression in stem cell lineages. This work also highlights the combined educational and scientific impacts of discovery-based research in the undergraduate biology curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Kimball
- Department of Biology, Keene State College, Keene, NH, USA
| | - Kaleigh Powers
- Department of Biology, Keene State College, Keene, NH, USA
| | - John Dustin
- Department of Biology, Keene State College, Keene, NH, USA
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48
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Wood KA, Rowlands CF, Qureshi WMS, Thomas HB, Buczek WA, Briggs TA, Hubbard SJ, Hentges KE, Newman WG, O’Keefe RT. Disease modeling of core pre-mRNA splicing factor haploinsufficiency. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:3704-3723. [PMID: 31304552 PMCID: PMC6935387 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The craniofacial disorder mandibulofacial dysostosis Guion-Almeida type is caused by haploinsufficiency of the U5 snRNP gene EFTUD2/SNU114. However, it is unclear how reduced expression of this core pre-mRNA splicing factor leads to craniofacial defects. Here we use a CRISPR-Cas9 nickase strategy to generate a human EFTUD2-knockdown cell line and show that reduced expression of EFTUD2 leads to diminished proliferative ability of these cells, increased sensitivity to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the mis-expression of several genes involved in the ER stress response. RNA-Seq analysis of the EFTUD2-knockdown cell line revealed transcriptome-wide changes in gene expression, with an enrichment for genes associated with processes involved in craniofacial development. Additionally, our RNA-Seq data identified widespread mis-splicing in EFTUD2-knockdown cells. Analysis of the functional and physical characteristics of mis-spliced pre-mRNAs highlighted conserved properties, including length and splice site strengths, of retained introns and skipped exons in our disease model. We also identified enriched processes associated with the affected genes, including cell death, cell and organ morphology and embryonic development. Together, these data support a model in which EFTUD2 haploinsufficiency leads to the mis-splicing of a distinct subset of pre-mRNAs with a widespread effect on gene expression, including altering the expression of ER stress response genes and genes involved in the development of the craniofacial region. The increased burden of unfolded proteins in the ER resulting from mis-splicing would exceed the capacity of the defective ER stress response, inducing apoptosis in cranial neural crest cells that would result in craniofacial abnormalities during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Wood
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, St. Mary’s Hospital, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Charlie F Rowlands
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, St. Mary’s Hospital, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Wasay Mohiuddin Shaikh Qureshi
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester
| | - Huw B Thomas
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester
| | - Weronika A Buczek
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester
| | - Tracy A Briggs
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, St. Mary’s Hospital, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Simon J Hubbard
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester
| | - Kathryn E Hentges
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester
| | - William G Newman
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, St. Mary’s Hospital, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Raymond T O’Keefe
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester
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49
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Translating neural stem cells to neurons in the mammalian brain. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2495-2512. [PMID: 31551564 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian neocortex underlies our perception of sensory information, performance of motor activities, and higher-order cognition. During mammalian embryogenesis, radial glial precursor cells sequentially give rise to diverse populations of excitatory cortical neurons, followed by astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. A subpopulation of these embryonic neural precursors persists into adulthood as neural stem cells, which give rise to inhibitory interneurons and glia. Although the intrinsic mechanisms instructing the genesis of these distinct progeny have been well-studied, most work to date has focused on transcriptional, epigenetic, and cell-cycle control. Recent studies, however, have shown that posttranscriptional mechanisms also regulate the cell fate choices of transcriptionally primed neural precursors during cortical development. These mechanisms are mediated primarily by RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs that coordinately regulate mRNA translation, stability, splicing, and localization. Together, these findings point to an extensive network of posttranscriptional control and provide insight into both normal cortical development and disease. They also add another layer of complexity to brain development and raise important biological questions for future investigation.
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Bartkowska K, Tepper B, Turlejski K, Djavadian RL. Roles of the exon junction complex components in the central nervous system: a mini review. Rev Neurosci 2019; 29:817-824. [PMID: 29791316 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The exon junction complex (EJC) consists of four core proteins: Magoh, RNA-binding motif 8A (Rbm8a, also known as Y14), eukaryotic initiation factor 4A3 (eIF4A3, also known as DDX48), and metastatic lymph node 51 (MLN51, also known as Casc3 or Barentsz), which are involved in the regulation of many processes occurring between gene transcription and protein translation. Its main role is to assemble into spliceosomes at the exon-exon junction of mRNA during splicing. It is, therefore, a range of functions concerning post-splicing events such as mRNA translocation, translation, and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Apart from this, proteins of the EJC control the splicing of specific pre-mRNAs, for example, splicing of the mapk transcript. Recent studies support essential functions of EJC proteins in oocytes and, after fertilization, in all stages of zygote development, as well as the growth of the embryo, including the development of the nervous system. During the development of the central nervous system (CNS), the EJC controls mitosis, regulating both symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions. Reduced levels of EJC components cause microcephaly. In the adult brain, Y14 and eIF4A3 appear to be involved in synaptic plasticity and in learning and memory. In this review, we focus on the involvement of EJC components in brain development and its functioning under normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bartkowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Tepper
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kris Turlejski
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ruzanna L Djavadian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
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