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Shao S, Chen Y, Deng H, Pan J. Quantitative proteomics reveals insights into the assembly of IFT trains and ciliary assembly. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs262152. [PMID: 38853670 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.262152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is required for ciliary assembly. The IFT machinery comprises the IFT motors kinesin-2 and IFT dynein plus IFT-A and IFT-B complexes, which assemble into IFT trains in cilia. To gain mechanistic understanding of IFT and ciliary assembly, here, we performed an absolute quantification of IFT machinery in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cilium. There are ∼756, ∼532, ∼276 and ∼350 molecules of IFT-B, IFT-A, IFT dynein and kinesin-2, respectively, per cilium. The amount of IFT-B is sufficient to sustain rapid ciliary growth in terms of tubulin delivery. The stoichiometric ratio of IFT-B:IFT-A:dynein is ∼3:2:1 whereas the IFT-B:IFT-A ratio in an IFT dynein mutant is 2:1, suggesting that there is a plastic interaction between IFT-A and IFT-B that can be influenced by IFT dynein. Considering diffusion of kinesin-2 during retrograde IFT, it is estimated that one kinesin-2 molecule drives eight molecules of IFT-B during anterograde IFT. These data provide new insights into the assembly of IFT trains and ciliary assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangjin Shao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Core Facility Center for Biomedical Analysis, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Core Facility Center for Biomedical Analysis, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junmin Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
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2
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Reddy Palicharla V, Mukhopadhyay S. Molecular and structural perspectives on protein trafficking to the primary cilium membrane. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1473-1487. [PMID: 38864436 PMCID: PMC11346432 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The primary cilium is a dynamic subcellular compartment templated from the mother centriole or basal body. Cilia are solitary and tiny, but remarkably consequential in cellular pathways regulating proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance. Multiple transmembrane proteins such as G-protein-coupled receptors, channels, enzymes, and membrane-associated lipidated proteins are enriched in the ciliary membrane. The precise regulation of ciliary membrane content is essential for effective signal transduction and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Surprisingly, a few conserved molecular factors, intraflagellar transport complex A and the tubby family adapter protein TULP3, mediate the transport of most membrane cargoes into cilia. Recent advances in cryogenic electron microscopy provide fundamental insights into these molecular players. Here, we review the molecular players mediating cargo delivery into the ciliary membrane through the lens of structural biology. These mechanistic insights into ciliary transport provide a framework for understanding of disease variants in ciliopathies, enable precise manipulation of cilia-mediated pathways, and provide a platform for the development of targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Reddy Palicharla
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, U.S.A
| | - Saikat Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, U.S.A
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3
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Yang Z, Zhang L, Zhang W, Tian X, Lai W, Lin D, Feng Y, Jiang W, Zhang Z, Zhang Z. Identification of the principal neuropeptide MIP and its action pathway in larval settlement of the echiuran worm Urechis unicinctus. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:337. [PMID: 38641568 PMCID: PMC11027379 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Larval settlement and metamorphosis represent critical events in the life history of marine benthic animals. Myoinhibitory peptide (MIP) plays a pivotal role in larval settlement of marine invertebrates. However, the molecular mechanisms of MIP involved in this process are not well understood. RESULTS In this study, we evaluated the effects of thirteen MIP mature peptides on triggering the larval settlement of Urechis unicinctus (Xenopneusta, Urechidae), and determined that MIP2 was the principal neuropeptide. Transcriptomic analysis was employed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the MIP2-treated larvae and normal early-segmentation larvae. Both cAMP and calcium signaling pathways were enriched in the DEGs of the MIP2-treated larvae, and two neuropeptide receptor genes (Spr, Fmrfar) were up-regulated in the MIP2-treated larvae. The activation of the SPR-cAMP pathway by MIP2 was experimentally validated in HEK293T cells. Furthermore, fourteen cilia-related genes, including Tctex1d2, Cfap45, Ift43, Ift74, Ift22, Cav1 and Mns1, etc. exhibited down-regulated expression in the MIP2-treated larvae. Whole-mount in situ hybridization identified two selected ciliary genes, Tctex1d2 and Cfap45, were specially expressed in circumoral ciliary cells of the early-segmentation larvae. Knocking down Tctex1d2 mRNA levels by in vivo RNA interference significantly increased the larval settlement rate. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that MIP2 inhibits the function of the cilia-related genes, such as Tctex1d2, through the SPR-cAMP-PKA pathway, thereby inducing larval settlement in U. unicinctus. The study contributes important data to the understanding of neuropeptide regulation in larval settlement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Ocean Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Ocean Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Ocean Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya, China
| | - Xinhua Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Ocean Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya, China
| | - Wenyuan Lai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Dawei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Ocean Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya, China
| | - Yuxin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Ocean Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya, China
| | - Wenwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Ocean Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya, China
| | - Zhengrui Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Ocean Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
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4
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Patel MB, Griffin PJ, Olson SF, Dai J, Hou Y, Malik T, Das P, Zhang G, Zhao W, Witman GB, Lechtreck KF. Distribution and bulk flow analyses of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) motor kinesin-2 support an "on-demand" model for Chlamydomonas ciliary length control. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38456596 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Most cells tightly control the length of their cilia. The regulation likely involves intraflagellar transport (IFT), a bidirectional motility of multi-subunit particles organized into trains that deliver building blocks into the organelle. In Chlamydomonas, the anterograde IFT motor kinesin-2 consists of the motor subunits FLA8 and FLA10 and the nonmotor subunit KAP. KAP dissociates from IFT at the ciliary tip and diffuses back to the cell body. This observation led to the diffusion-as-a-ruler model of ciliary length control, which postulates that KAP is progressively sequestered into elongating cilia because its return to the cell body will require increasingly more time, limiting motor availability at the ciliary base, train assembly, building block supply, and ciliary growth. Here, we show that Chlamydomonas FLA8 also returns to the cell body by diffusion. However, more than 95% of KAP and FLA8 are present in the cell body and, at a given time, just ~1% of the motor participates in IFT. After repeated photobleaching of both cilia, IFT of fluorescent kinesin subunits continued indicating that kinesin-2 cycles from the large cell-body pool through the cilia and back. Furthermore, growing and full-length cilia contained similar amounts of kinesin-2 subunits and the size of the motor pool at the base changed only slightly with ciliary length. These observations are incompatible with the diffusion-as-a-ruler model, but rather support an "on-demand model," in which the cargo load of the trains is regulated to assemble cilia of the desired length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi B Patel
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul J Griffin
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Spencer F Olson
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jin Dai
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Yuqing Hou
- Department of Radiology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tara Malik
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Poulomi Das
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Gui Zhang
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Winston Zhao
- Department of Radiology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George B Witman
- Department of Radiology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karl F Lechtreck
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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5
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Yu JH, Kim JH, Soung NK, Moon EY, Koo JH. Identification of the primary ciliary proteins IFT38 and IFT144 to enhance serum-mediated YAP activation and cell proliferation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 681:186-193. [PMID: 37783116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are essential cellular antennae that transmit external signals into intracellular responses. These sensory organelles perform crucial tasks in triggering intracellular signaling pathways, including those initiated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Given the involvement of GPCRs in serum-induced signaling, we investigated the contribution of ciliary proteins in mitogen perception and cell proliferation. We found that depletion of cilia via IFT88 silencing impaired cell growth and repressed YAP activation against serum and its mitogenic constituents, namely lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). To identify the key player of serum mitogen signaling, a mutant cell line library with 30 ablated individual ciliary proteins was established and screened based on YAP dephosphorylation and target gene induction. While 9 of them had altered signaling, ablation of IFT38 or IFT144 led to a particularly robust repression of YAP activation upon LPA and S1P. The deficiency of IFT38 and IFT144 attenuated cell proliferation, as corroborated in either 2-dimensional cultures or tumor spheroids. In subcutaneous skin melanoma patients, expression of IFT38 and IFT144 was associated with unfavorable outcomes in overall survival. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the involvement of ciliary proteins in mitogen signaling and identifies the regulatory roles of IFT38 and IFT144 in serum-mediated Hippo pathway signaling and cellular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Yu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Heon Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak-Kyun Soung
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Yi Moon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hyun Koo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Wang S, Wang X, Pan C, Liu Y, Lei M, Guo X, Chen Q, Yang X, Ouyang C, Ren Z. Functions of actin-binding proteins in cilia structure remodeling and signaling. Biol Cell 2023; 115:e202300026. [PMID: 37478133 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202300026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Cilia are microtubule-based organelles found on the surfaces of many types of cells, including cardiac fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, human retinal pigmented epithelial-1 (RPE-1) cells, and alveolar epithelial cells. These organelles can be classified as immotile cilia, referred to as primary cilia in mammalian cells, and motile cilia. Primary cilia are cellular sensors that detect extracellular signals; this is a critical function associated with ciliopathies, which are characterized by the typical clinical features of developmental disorders. Cilia are extensively studied organelles of the microtubule cytoskeleton. However, the ciliary actin cytoskeleton has rarely been studied. Clear evidence has shown that highly regulated actin cytoskeleton dynamics contribute to normal ciliary function. Actin-binding proteins (ABPs) play vital roles in filamentous actin (F-actin) morphology. Here, we discuss recent progress in understanding the roles of ABPs in ciliary structural remodeling and further downstream ciliary signaling with a focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying actin cytoskeleton-related ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Congbin Pan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Lei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Xiying Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Qingjie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Xiaosong Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Changhan Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Zhanhong Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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7
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Zhang RK, Sun WY, Liu YX, Zhang EY, Fan ZC. RABL2 promotes the outward transition zone passage of signaling proteins in cilia via ARL3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302603120. [PMID: 37579161 PMCID: PMC10450674 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302603120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain transmembrane and membrane-tethered signaling proteins export from cilia as BBSome cargoes via the outward BBSome transition zone (TZ) diffusion pathway, indispensable for maintaining their ciliary dynamics to enable cells to sense and transduce extracellular stimuli inside the cell. Murine Rab-like 2 (Rabl2) GTPase resembles Chlamydomonas Arf-like 3 (ARL3) GTPase in promoting outward TZ passage of the signaling protein cargo-laden BBSome. During this process, ARL3 binds to and recruits the retrograde IFT train-dissociated BBSome as its effector to diffuse through the TZ for ciliary retrieval, while how RABL2 and ARL3 cross talk in this event remains uncertain. Here, we report that Chlamydomonas RABL2 in a GTP-bound form (RABL2GTP) cycles through cilia via IFT as an IFT-B1 cargo, dissociates from retrograde IFT trains at a ciliary region right above the TZ, and converts to RABL2GDP for activating ARL3GDP as an ARL3 guanine nucleotide exchange factor. This confers ARL3GTP to detach from the ciliary membrane and become available for binding and recruiting the phospholipase D (PLD)-laden BBSome, autonomous of retrograde IFT association, to diffuse through the TZ for ciliary retrieval. Afterward, RABL2GDP exits cilia by being bound to the ARL3GTP/BBSome entity as a BBSome cargo. Our data identify ciliary signaling proteins exported from cilia via the RABL2-ARL3 cascade-mediated outward BBSome TZ diffusion pathway. According to this model, hedgehog signaling defect-induced Bardet-Biedl syndrome caused by RABL2 mutations in humans could be well explained in a mutation-specific manner, providing us with a mechanistic understanding behind the outward BBSome TZ passage required for proper ciliary signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin300457, China
| | - Wei-Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin300457, China
| | - Yan-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin300457, China
| | | | - Zhen-Chuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin300457, China
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8
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Jiang M, Palicharla VR, Miller D, Hwang SH, Zhu H, Hixson P, Mukhopadhyay S, Sun J. Human IFT-A complex structures provide molecular insights into ciliary transport. Cell Res 2023; 33:288-298. [PMID: 36775821 PMCID: PMC10066299 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00778-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) complexes, IFT-A and IFT-B, form bidirectional trains that move along the axonemal microtubules and are essential for assembling and maintaining cilia. Mutations in IFT subunits lead to numerous ciliopathies involving multiple tissues. However, how IFT complexes assemble and mediate cargo transport lacks mechanistic understanding due to missing high-resolution structural information of the holo-complexes. Here we report cryo-EM structures of human IFT-A complexes in the presence and absence of TULP3 at overall resolutions of 3.0-3.9 Å. IFT-A adopts a "lariat" shape with interconnected core and peripheral subunits linked by structurally vital zinc-binding domains. TULP3, the cargo adapter, interacts with IFT-A through its N-terminal region, and interface mutations disrupt cargo transport. We also determine the molecular impacts of disease mutations on complex formation and ciliary transport. Our work reveals IFT-A architecture, sheds light on ciliary transport and IFT train formation, and enables the rationalization of disease mutations in ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Jiang
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vivek Reddy Palicharla
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Darcie Miller
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sun-Hee Hwang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hanwen Zhu
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Patricia Hixson
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Saikat Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Ji Sun
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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9
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Ma Y, He J, Li S, Yao D, Huang C, Wu J, Lei M. Structural insight into the intraflagellar transport complex IFT-A and its assembly in the anterograde IFT train. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1506. [PMID: 36932088 PMCID: PMC10023715 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) trains, the polymers composed of two multi-subunit complexes, IFT-A and IFT-B, carry out bidirectional intracellular transport in cilia, vital for cilia biogenesis and signaling. IFT-A plays crucial roles in the ciliary import of membrane proteins and the retrograde cargo trafficking. However, the molecular architecture of IFT-A and the assembly mechanism of the IFT-A into the IFT trains in vivo remains elusive. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopic structures of the IFT-A complex from protozoa Tetrahymena thermophila. We find that IFT-A complexes present two distinct, elongated and folded states. Remarkably, comparison with the in situ cryo-electron tomography structure of the anterograde IFT train unveils a series of adjustments of the flexible arms in apo IFT-A when incorporated into the anterograde train. Our results provide an atomic-resolution model for the IFT-A complex and valuable insights into the assembly mechanism of anterograde IFT trains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Jun He
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Shaobai Li
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Deqiang Yao
- Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chenhui Huang
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China.
| | - Ming Lei
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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10
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Liu YX, Zhang RK, Fan ZC. RABL4/IFT27 in a nucleotide-independent manner promotes phospholipase D ciliary retrieval via facilitating BBSome reassembly at the ciliary tip. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:549-565. [PMID: 36852649 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Certain ciliary transmembrane and membrane-associated signaling proteins export from cilia as intraflagellar transport (IFT) cargoes in a BBSome-dependent manner. Upon reaching the ciliary tip via anterograde IFT, the BBSome disassembles before being reassembled to form an intact entity for cargo phospholipase D (PLD) coupling. During this BBSome remodeling process, Chlamydomonas Rab-like 4 GTPase IFT27, by binding its partner IFT25 to form the heterodimeric IFT25/27, is indispensable for BBSome reassembly. Here, we show that IFT27 binds IFT25 in an IFT27 nucleotide-independent manner. IFT25/27 and the IFT subcomplexes IFT-A and -B are irrelevant for maintaining the stability of one another. GTP-loading onto IFT27 enhances the IFT25/27 affinity for binding to the IFT-B subcomplex core IFT-B1 entity in cytoplasm, while GDP-bound IFT27 does not prevent IFT25/27 from entering and cycling through cilia by integrating into IFT-B1. Upon at the ciliary tip, IFT25/27 cycles on and off IFT-B1 and this process is irrelevant with the nucleotide state of IFT27. During BBSome remodeling at the ciliary tip, IFT25/27 promotes BBSome reassembly independent of IFT27 nucleotide state, making postremodeled BBSomes available for PLD to interact with. Thus, IFT25/27 facilitates BBSome-dependent PLD export from cilia via controlling availability of intact BBSomes at the ciliary tip, while IFT27 nucleotide state does not participate in this regulatory event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui-Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen-Chuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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11
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Wu Y, Zhou J, Yang Y. Peripheral and central control of obesity by primary cilia. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:295-304. [PMID: 36632916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are hair-like structures that protrude from the cell surface. They are capable of sensing external cues and conveying a vast array of signals into cells to regulate a variety of physiological activities. Mutations in cilium-associated genes are linked to a group of diseases with overlapping clinical manifestations, collectively known as ciliopathies. A significant proportion of human ciliopathy cases are accompanied by metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, the mechanisms through which dysfunction of primary cilia contributes to obesity are complex. In this article, we present an overview of primary cilia and highlight obesity-related ciliopathies. We also discuss the potential role of primary cilia in peripheral organs, with a focus on adipose tissues. In addition, we emphasize the significance of primary cilia in the central regulation of obesity, especially the involvement of ciliary signaling in the hypothalamic control of feeding behavior. This article therefore proposes a framework of both peripheral and central regulation of obesity by primary cilia, which may benefit further exploration of the ciliary role in metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yunfan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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12
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Hesketh SJ, Mukhopadhyay AG, Nakamura D, Toropova K, Roberts AJ. IFT-A structure reveals carriages for membrane protein transport into cilia. Cell 2022; 185:4971-4985.e16. [PMID: 36462505 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) trains are massive molecular machines that traffic proteins between cilia and the cell body. Each IFT train is a dynamic polymer of two large complexes (IFT-A and -B) and motor proteins, posing a formidable challenge to mechanistic understanding. Here, we reconstituted the complete human IFT-A complex and obtained its structure using cryo-EM. Combined with AlphaFold prediction and genome-editing studies, our results illuminate how IFT-A polymerizes, interacts with IFT-B, and uses an array of β-propeller and TPR domains to create "carriages" of the IFT train that engage TULP adaptor proteins. We show that IFT-A⋅TULP carriages are essential for cilia localization of diverse membrane proteins, as well as ICK-the key kinase regulating IFT train turnaround. These data establish a structural link between IFT-A's distinct functions, provide a blueprint for IFT-A in the train, and shed light on how IFT evolved from a proto-coatomer ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J Hesketh
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Aakash G Mukhopadhyay
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Dai Nakamura
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Katerina Toropova
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, UK.
| | - Anthony J Roberts
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, UK.
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13
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Meleppattu S, Zhou H, Dai J, Gui M, Brown A. Mechanism of IFT-A polymerization into trains for ciliary transport. Cell 2022; 185:4986-4998.e12. [PMID: 36563665 PMCID: PMC9794116 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is the highly conserved process by which proteins are transported along ciliary microtubules by a train-like polymeric assembly of IFT-A and IFT-B complexes. IFT-A is sandwiched between IFT-B and the ciliary membrane, consistent with its putative role in transporting transmembrane and membrane-associated cargoes. Here, we have used single-particle analysis electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) to determine structures of native IFT-A complexes. We show that subcomplex rearrangements enable IFT-A to polymerize laterally on anterograde IFT trains, revealing a cooperative assembly mechanism. Surprisingly, we discover that binding of IFT-A to IFT-B shields the preferred lipid-binding interface from the ciliary membrane but orients an interconnected network of β-propeller domains with the capacity to accommodate diverse cargoes toward the ciliary membrane. This work provides a mechanistic basis for understanding IFT-train assembly and cargo interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimi Meleppattu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Haixia Zhou
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jin Dai
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Miao Gui
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alan Brown
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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14
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Liu YX, Sun WY, Xue B, Zhang RK, Li WJ, Xie X, Fan ZC. ARL3 mediates BBSome ciliary turnover by promoting its outward movement across the transition zone. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213491. [PMID: 36129685 PMCID: PMC9499826 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202111076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliary receptors and their certain downstream signaling components undergo intraflagellar transport (IFT) as BBSome cargoes to maintain their ciliary dynamics for sensing and transducing extracellular stimuli inside the cell. Cargo-laden BBSomes pass the transition zone (TZ) for ciliary retrieval, but how this passage is controlled remains elusive. Here, we show that phospholipase D (PLD)-laden BBSomes shed from retrograde IFT trains at the proximal ciliary region right above the TZ to act as Arf-like 3 (ARL3) GTPase-specific effectors in Chlamydomonas cilia. Under physiological condition, ARL3GDP binds to the membrane for diffusing into cilia. Following nucleotide exchange, ARL3GTP detaches from the ciliary membrane, binds to retrograde IFT train-shed and PLD-laden BBSomes at the proximal ciliary region right above the TZ, and recruits them to pass the TZ for ciliary retrieval likely via diffusion. ARL3 mediates the ciliary dynamics of certain signaling molecules through facilitating BBSome ciliary retrieval, providing a mechanistic understanding behind why ARL3-related Joubert syndrome shares overlapping phenotypes with Bardet-Biedl syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei-Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui-Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xixian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen-Chuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- Correspondence to Zhen-Chuan Fan:
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15
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Hibbard JVK, Vázquez N, Wallingford JB. Cilia proteins getting to work - how do they commute from the cytoplasm to the base of cilia? J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259444. [PMID: 36073764 PMCID: PMC9482345 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are multifunctional organelles that originated with the last eukaryotic common ancestor and play central roles in the life cycles of diverse organisms. The motile flagella that move single cells like sperm or unicellular organisms, the motile cilia on animal multiciliated cells that generate fluid flow in organs, and the immotile primary cilia that decorate nearly all cells in animals share many protein components in common, yet each also requires specialized proteins to perform their specialized functions. Despite a now-advanced understanding of how such proteins are transported within cilia, we still know very little about how they are transported from their sites of synthesis through the cytoplasm to the ciliary base. Here, we review the literature concerning this underappreciated topic in ciliary cell biology. We discuss both general mechanisms, as well as specific examples of motor-driven active transport and passive transport via diffusion-and-capture. We then provide deeper discussion of specific, illustrative examples, such as the diverse array of protein subunits that together comprise the intraflagellar transport (IFT) system and the multi-protein axonemal dynein motors that drive beating of motile cilia. We hope this Review will spur further work, shedding light not only on ciliogenesis and ciliary signaling, but also on intracellular transport in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John B. Wallingford
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78751, USA
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16
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Wang L, Wen X, Wang Z, Lin Z, Li C, Zhou H, Yu H, Li Y, Cheng Y, Chen Y, Lou G, Pan J, Cao M. Ciliary transition zone proteins coordinate ciliary protein composition and ectosome shedding. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3997. [PMID: 35810181 PMCID: PMC9271036 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition zone (TZ) of the cilium/flagellum serves as a diffusion barrier that controls the entry/exit of ciliary proteins. Mutations of the TZ proteins disrupt barrier function and lead to multiple human diseases. However, the systematic regulation of ciliary composition and signaling-related processes by different TZ proteins is not completely understood. Here, we reveal that loss of TCTN1 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii disrupts the assembly of wedge-shaped structures in the TZ. Proteomic analysis of cilia from WT and three TZ mutants, tctn1, cep290, and nphp4, shows a unique role of each TZ subunit in the regulation of ciliary composition, explaining the phenotypic diversity of different TZ mutants. Interestingly, we find that defects in the TZ impair the formation and biological activity of ciliary ectosomes. Collectively, our findings provide systematic insights into the regulation of ciliary composition by TZ proteins and reveal a link between the TZ and ciliary ectosomes. Cilia project from cells to serve sensory functions, and ciliary disruption can result in multiple disorders known as ciliopathies. Here the authors show that the ciliopathy gene TCTN1 functions to regulate the ciliary transition zone and ectosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, 221116, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Xin Wen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, 221116, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhengmao Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266071, Qingdao, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Zaisheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, 221116, Xuzhou, China
| | - Huilin Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, 221116, Xuzhou, China
| | - Huimin Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, 221116, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, 221116, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yifei Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, 221116, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Geer Lou
- Shanghai Biotree Biotech Co. Ltd, 201815, Shanghai, China
| | - Junmin Pan
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266071, Qingdao, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Muqing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Zhao H, Sun J, Insinna C, Lu Q, Wang Z, Nagashima K, Stauffer J, Andresson T, Specht S, Perera S, Daar IO, Westlake CJ. Male infertility-associated Ccdc108 regulates multiciliogenesis via the intraflagellar transport machinery. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e52775. [PMID: 35201641 PMCID: PMC8982597 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Motile cilia on the cell surface generate movement and directional fluid flow that is crucial for various biological processes. Dysfunction of these cilia causes human diseases such as sinopulmonary disease and infertility. Here, we show that Ccdc108, a protein linked to male infertility, has an evolutionarily conserved requirement in motile multiciliation. Using Xenopus laevis embryos, Ccdc108 is shown to be required for the migration and docking of basal bodies to the apical membrane in epidermal multiciliated cells (MCCs). We demonstrate that Ccdc108 interacts with the IFT‐B complex, and the ciliation requirement for Ift74 overlaps with Ccdc108 in MCCs. Both Ccdc108 and IFT‐B proteins localize to migrating centrioles, basal bodies, and cilia in MCCs. Importantly, Ccdc108 governs the centriolar recruitment of IFT while IFT licenses the targeting of Ccdc108 to the cilium. Moreover, Ccdc108 is required for the centriolar recruitment of Drg1 and activated RhoA, factors that help establish the apical actin network in MCCs. Together, our studies indicate that Ccdc108 and IFT‐B complex components cooperate in multiciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhao
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jian Sun
- Cancer & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Christine Insinna
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Quanlong Lu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ziqiu Wang
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kunio Nagashima
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jimmy Stauffer
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Thorkell Andresson
- Protein Characterization Laboratory (PCL) Mass Spectrometry Center, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Suzanne Specht
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Sumeth Perera
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ira O Daar
- Cancer & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Christopher J Westlake
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
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18
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Li J, Yang Z, Qi Y, Liu X, Liu Y, Gao X, Li S, Zhu J, Zhang C, Du E, Zhang Z. STIL Acts as an Oncogenetic Driver in a Primary Cilia-Dependent Manner in Human Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:804419. [PMID: 35155425 PMCID: PMC8826476 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.804419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SCL/TAL1 Interrupting locus (STIL) is a ciliary-related gene involved in regulating the cell cycle and duplication of centrioles in dividing cells. STIL has been found disordered in multiple cancers and driven carcinogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of STIL in cancers remain ambiguous. Here, we systematically analyzed the genetic alterations, molecular mechanisms, and clinical relevance of STIL across >10,000 samples representing 33 cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. We found that STIL expression is up-regulated in most cancer types compared with their adjacent normal tissues. The expression dysregulation of STIL was affected by copy number variation, mutation, and DNA methylation. High STIL expression was associated with worse outcomes and promoted the progression of cancers. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) further revealed that STIL is involved in cell cycle progression, Mitotic spindle, G2M checkpoint, and E2F targets pathways across cancer types. STIL expression was negatively correlated with multiple genes taking part in ciliogenesis and was positively correlated with several genes which participated with centrosomal duplication or cilia degradation. Moreover, STIL silencing could promote primary cilia formation and inhibit cell cycle protein expression in prostate and kidney cancer cell lines. The phenotype and protein expression alteration due to STIL silencing could be reversed by IFT88 silencing in cancer cells. These results revealed that STIL could regulate the cell cycle through primary cilia in tumor cells. In summary, our results revealed the importance of STIL in cancers. Targeting STIL might be a novel therapeutic approach for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Li
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zikun Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanjiong Qi
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Department of Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changwen Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - E Du
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: E Du, ; Zhihong Zhang,
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: E Du, ; Zhihong Zhang,
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19
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Quidwai T, Wang J, Hall EA, Petriman NA, Leng W, Kiesel P, Wells JN, Murphy LC, Keighren MA, Marsh JA, Lorentzen E, Pigino G, Mill P. A WDR35-dependent coat protein complex transports ciliary membrane cargo vesicles to cilia. eLife 2021; 10:e69786. [PMID: 34734804 PMCID: PMC8754431 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is a highly conserved mechanism for motor-driven transport of cargo within cilia, but how this cargo is selectively transported to cilia is unclear. WDR35/IFT121 is a component of the IFT-A complex best known for its role in ciliary retrograde transport. In the absence of WDR35, small mutant cilia form but fail to enrich in diverse classes of ciliary membrane proteins. In Wdr35 mouse mutants, the non-core IFT-A components are degraded and core components accumulate at the ciliary base. We reveal deep sequence homology of WDR35 and other IFT-A subunits to α and ß' COPI coatomer subunits and demonstrate an accumulation of 'coat-less' vesicles that fail to fuse with Wdr35 mutant cilia. We determine that recombinant non-core IFT-As can bind directly to lipids and provide the first in situ evidence of a novel coat function for WDR35, likely with other IFT-A proteins, in delivering ciliary membrane cargo necessary for cilia elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Quidwai
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Jiaolong Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Emma A Hall
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Narcis A Petriman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Weihua Leng
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
| | - Petra Kiesel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
| | - Jonathan N Wells
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura C Murphy
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Margaret A Keighren
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Joseph A Marsh
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Esben Lorentzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Gaia Pigino
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
- Human TechnopoleMilanItaly
| | - Pleasantine Mill
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
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20
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Wingfield JL, Mekonnen B, Mengoni I, Liu P, Jordan M, Diener D, Pigino G, Lechtreck K. In vivo imaging shows continued association of several IFT-A, IFT-B and dynein complexes while IFT trains U-turn at the tip. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:271904. [PMID: 34415027 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Flagellar assembly depends on intraflagellar transport (IFT), a bidirectional motility of protein carriers, the IFT trains. The trains are periodic assemblies of IFT-A and IFT-B subcomplexes and the motors kinesin-2 and IFT dynein. At the tip, anterograde trains are remodeled for retrograde IFT, a process that in Chlamydomonas involves kinesin-2 release and train fragmentation. However, the degree of train disassembly at the tip remains unknown. Here, we performed two-color imaging of fluorescent protein-tagged IFT components, which indicates that IFT-A and IFT-B proteins from a given anterograde train usually return in the same set of retrograde trains. Similarly, concurrent turnaround was typical for IFT-B proteins and the IFT dynein subunit D1bLIC-GFP but severance was observed as well. Our data support a simple model of IFT turnaround, in which IFT-A, IFT-B and IFT dynein typically remain associated at the tip and segments of the anterograde trains convert directly into retrograde trains. Continuous association of IFT-A, IFT-B and IFT dynein during tip remodeling could balance protein entry and exit, preventing the build-up of IFT material in flagella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Wingfield
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Betlehem Mekonnen
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ilaria Mengoni
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Peiwei Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Mareike Jordan
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dennis Diener
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gaia Pigino
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.,Human Technopole, Via Cristina Belgioioso 171, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Karl Lechtreck
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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21
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Three genomes in the algal genus Volvox reveal the fate of a haploid sex-determining region after a transition to homothallism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100712118. [PMID: 34011609 PMCID: PMC8166075 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100712118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary transitions between species with separate sexes and species in which individuals have both sex functions have wide-ranging biological implications. It is largely unknown how such transitions occur in systems with haploid male- and female-determining chromosomes in algae and bryophytes. We investigated such a transition in the algal genus Volvox by making whole-genome sequences of two closely related species, one of which is heterothallic (with distinct males and females) and the other homothallic (with only bisexual, self-compatible individuals). The heterothallic species harbors a sex-determining region (SDR), while the homothallic species retains a nearly intact female-derived SDR-like region and separate regions containing key male genes. Thus, an ancestral female has probably become homothallic by acquiring genes that confer male functions. Transitions between separate sexes (dioecy) and other mating systems are common across eukaryotes. Here, we study a change in a haploid dioecious green algal species with male- and female-determining chromosomes (U and V). The genus Volvox is an oogamous (with large, immotile female gametes and small, motile male gametes) and includes both heterothallic species (with distinct male and female genotypes, associated with a mating-type system that prevents fusion of gametes of the same sex) and homothallic species (bisexual, with the ability to self-fertilize). We date the origin of an expanded sex-determining region (SDR) in Volvox to at least 75 Mya, suggesting that homothallism represents a breakdown of dioecy (heterothallism). We investigated the involvement of the SDR of the U and V chromosomes in this transition. Using de novo whole-genome sequences, we identified a heteromorphic SDR of ca 1 Mbp in male and female genotypes of the heterothallic species Volvox reticuliferus and a homologous region (SDLR) in the closely related homothallic species Volvox africanus, which retained several different hallmark features of an SDR. The V. africanus SDLR includes a large region resembling the female SDR of the presumptive heterothallic ancestor, whereas most genes from the male SDR are absent. However, we found a multicopy array of the male-determining gene, MID, in a different genomic location from the SDLR. Thus, in V. africanus, an ancestrally female genotype may have acquired MID and thereby gained male traits.
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22
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Wang W, Jack BM, Wang HH, Kavanaugh MA, Maser RL, Tran PV. Intraflagellar Transport Proteins as Regulators of Primary Cilia Length. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:661350. [PMID: 34095126 PMCID: PMC8170031 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.661350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are small, antenna-like organelles that detect and transduce chemical and mechanical cues in the extracellular environment, regulating cell behavior and, in turn, tissue development and homeostasis. Primary cilia are assembled via intraflagellar transport (IFT), which traffics protein cargo bidirectionally along a microtubular axoneme. Ranging from 1 to 10 μm long, these organelles typically reach a characteristic length dependent on cell type, likely for optimum fulfillment of their specific roles. The importance of an optimal cilia length is underscored by the findings that perturbation of cilia length can be observed in a number of cilia-related diseases. Thus, elucidating mechanisms of cilia length regulation is important for understanding the pathobiology of ciliary diseases. Since cilia assembly/disassembly regulate cilia length, we review the roles of IFT in processes that affect cilia assembly/disassembly, including ciliary transport of structural and membrane proteins, ectocytosis, and tubulin posttranslational modification. Additionally, since the environment of a cell influences cilia length, we also review the various stimuli encountered by renal epithelia in healthy and diseased states that alter cilia length and IFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Brittany M Jack
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Henry H Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Matthew A Kavanaugh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Robin L Maser
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Pamela V Tran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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23
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Hibbard JVK, Vazquez N, Satija R, Wallingford JB. Protein turnover dynamics suggest a diffusion-to-capture mechanism for peri-basal body recruitment and retention of intraflagellar transport proteins. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:1171-1180. [PMID: 33826363 PMCID: PMC8351562 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-11-0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is essential for construction and maintenance of cilia. IFT proteins concentrate at the basal body where they are thought to assemble into trains and bind cargoes for transport. To study the mechanisms of IFT recruitment to this peri-basal body pool, we quantified protein dynamics of eight IFT proteins, as well as five other basal body localizing proteins using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching in vertebrate multiciliated cells. We found that members of the IFT-A and IFT-B protein complexes show distinct turnover kinetics from other basal body components. Additionally, known IFT subcomplexes displayed shared dynamics, suggesting shared basal body recruitment and/or retention mechanisms. Finally, we evaluated the mechanisms of basal body recruitment by depolymerizing cytosolic MTs, which suggested that IFT proteins are recruited to basal bodies through a diffusion-to-capture mechanism. Our survey of IFT protein dynamics provides new insights into IFT recruitment to basal bodies, a crucial step in ciliogenesis and ciliary signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime V K Hibbard
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Neftali Vazquez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Rohit Satija
- California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - John B Wallingford
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
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24
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Liu YX, Xue B, Sun WY, Wingfield JL, Sun J, Wu M, Lechtreck KF, Wu Z, Fan ZC. Bardet-Biedl syndrome 3 protein promotes ciliary exit of the signaling protein phospholipase D via the BBSome. eLife 2021; 10:59119. [PMID: 33587040 PMCID: PMC7963478 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain ciliary signaling proteins couple with the BBSome, a conserved complex of Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) proteins, to load onto retrograde intraflagellar transport (IFT) trains for their removal out of cilia in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Here, we show that loss of the Arf-like 6 (ARL6) GTPase BBS3 causes the signaling protein phospholipase D (PLD) to accumulate in cilia. Upon targeting to the basal body, BBSomes enter and cycle through cilia via IFT, while BBS3 in a GTP-bound state separates from BBSomes, associates with the membrane, and translocates from the basal body to cilia by diffusion. Upon arriving at the ciliary tip, GTP-bound BBS3 binds and recruits BBSomes to the ciliary membrane for interacting with PLD, thus making the PLD-laden BBSomes available to load onto retrograde IFT trains for ciliary exit. Therefore, BBS3 promotes PLD exit from cilia via the BBSome, providing a regulatory mechanism for ciliary signaling protein removal out of cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei-Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jenna L Wingfield
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingfu Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, United States
| | - Karl F Lechtreck
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Chuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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25
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Zhu X, Wang J, Li S, Lechtreck K, Pan J. IFT54 directly interacts with kinesin-II and IFT dynein to regulate anterograde intraflagellar transport. EMBO J 2020; 40:e105781. [PMID: 33368450 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery consists of the anterograde motor kinesin-II, the retrograde motor IFT dynein, and the IFT-A and -B complexes. However, the interaction among IFT motors and IFT complexes during IFT remains elusive. Here, we show that the IFT-B protein IFT54 interacts with both kinesin-II and IFT dynein and regulates anterograde IFT. Deletion of residues 342-356 of Chlamydomonas IFT54 resulted in diminished anterograde traffic of IFT and accumulation of IFT motors and complexes in the proximal region of cilia. IFT54 directly interacted with kinesin-II and this interaction was strengthened for the IFT54Δ342-356 mutant in vitro and in vivo. The deletion of residues 261-275 of IFT54 reduced ciliary entry and anterograde traffic of IFT dynein with accumulation of IFT complexes near the ciliary tip. IFT54 directly interacted with IFT dynein subunit D1bLIC, and deletion of residues 261-275 reduced this interaction. The interactions between IFT54 and the IFT motors were also observed in mammalian cells. Our data indicate a central role for IFT54 in binding the IFT motors during anterograde IFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jieling Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shufen Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Karl Lechtreck
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Junmin Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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26
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Primary ciliary dyskinesia relative protein ZMYND10 is involved in regulating ciliary function and intraflagellar transport in Paramecium tetraurelia. Eur J Protistol 2020; 77:125756. [PMID: 33279757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2020.125756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cilia are highly conserved in most eukaryotes and are regarded as an important organelle for motility and sensation in various species. Cilia are microscopic, hair-like cytoskeletal structures that protrude from the cell surface. The major focus in studies of cilia has been concentrated on the ciliary dysfunction in vertebrates that causes multisymptomatic diseases, which together are referred to as ciliopathies. To date, the understanding of ciliopathies has largely depended on the study of ciliary structure and function in different animal models. Zinc finger MYND-type containing 10 (ZMYND10) is a ciliary protein that was recently found to be mutated in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). In Paramecium tetraurelia, we identified two ZMYND10 genes, arising from a whole-genome duplication. Using RNAi, we found that the depletion of ZMYND10 in P. tetraurelia causes severe ciliary defects, thus provoking swimming dysfunction and lethality. Moreover, we found that the absence of ZMYND10 caused the abnormal localization of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) protein IFT43 along cilia. These results suggest that ZMYND10 is involved in the regulation of ciliary function and IFT, which may contribute to the study of PCD pathogenesis.
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27
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Li S, Wan KY, Chen W, Tao H, Liang X, Pan J. Functional exploration of heterotrimeric kinesin-II in IFT and ciliary length control in Chlamydomonas. eLife 2020; 9:58868. [PMID: 33112235 PMCID: PMC7652414 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterodimeric motor organization of kinesin-II is essential for its function in anterograde IFT in ciliogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. In addition, the anterograde IFT velocity varies significantly in different organisms, but how this velocity affects ciliary length is not clear. We show that in Chlamydomonas motors are only stable as heterodimers in vivo, which is likely the key factor for the requirement of a heterodimer for IFT. Second, chimeric CrKinesin-II with human kinesin-II motor domains functioned in vitro and in vivo, leading to a ~ 2.8 fold reduced anterograde IFT velocity and a similar fold reduction in IFT injection rate that supposedly correlates with ciliary assembly activity. However, the ciliary length was only mildly reduced (~15%). Modeling analysis suggests a nonlinear scaling relationship between IFT velocity and ciliary length that can be accounted for by limitation of the motors and/or its ciliary cargoes, e.g. tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufen Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Kirsty Y Wan
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Tao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Junmin Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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28
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Review: Intraflagellar transport proteins in the retina. Mol Vis 2020; 26:652-660. [PMID: 33088169 PMCID: PMC7553723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is an essential process in all organisms that serves to move proteins along flagella or cilia in either direction. IFT is performed by IFT particles, which are multiprotein complexes organized into two subcomplexes, A and B. The IFT proteins form interactions with each other, with cargo proteins, and with membranes during the transport process. Several IFT proteins are expressed in many parts of the retina, such as the outer plexiform and outer nuclear layers, and function in the transport of photoreceptor proteins between the inner and outer segments. Mutants of IFT protein genes have been characterized in model organisms such as Chlamydomonas, C. elegans, zebrafish, and the mouse. These mutants have defective ciliogenesis or abnormalities in retinal photoreceptors. Mutations in IFT genes are associated with syndromic and non-syndromic forms of retinal disease in humans, frequently with early onset of disease.
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29
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Shi L, Chi Y, Shen X, Lu G, Shen Y. Intraflagellar Transport 80 Is Required for Cilia Construction and Maintenance in Paramecium tetraurelia. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2020; 67:521-531. [PMID: 32369644 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) represents a bidirectional dynamic process that carries cargo essential for cilia building and the maintenance of ciliary function, which is important for the locomotion of single cells, intracellular and intercellular signalling transduction. Accumulated evidence has revealed that defects in IFT cause several clinical disorders. Here, we determined the role of IFT80, an IFT-B protein that is mutated in Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy. Using the RNAi method in the ciliate Paramecium as model, we found that loss of IFT80 prevents cilia biogenesis and causes strong cell lethality. A specific antibody against IFT80 was also prepared in our study, which labelled IFT80 in cilia of Paramecium. GFP fusion experiments were performed to illustrate the dynamic movement of IFT-A and IFT-B proteins in cilia of Paramecium; then, we found that the depletion of IFT80 in cells prevents IFT-A and IFT-B proteins from entering the cilia. Our results showed the distribution change of other IFT proteins in cells that were depleted of IFT80, and we discuss the possible roles of IFT80 in Paramecium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yuhao Chi
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xiangyu Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Guoliang Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
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30
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Wang W, Allard BA, Pottorf TS, Wang HH, Vivian JL, Tran PV. Genetic interaction of mammalian IFT-A paralogs regulates cilia disassembly, ciliary entry of membrane protein, Hedgehog signaling, and embryogenesis. FASEB J 2020; 34:6369-6381. [PMID: 32167205 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902611r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia are sensory organelles that are essential for eukaryotic development and health. These antenna-like structures are synthesized by intraflagellar transport protein complexes, IFT-B and IFT-A, which mediate bidirectional protein trafficking along the ciliary axoneme. Here using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), we investigate the ciliary roles of two mammalian orthologues of Chlamydomonas IFT-A gene, IFT139, namely Thm1 (also known as Ttc21b) and Thm2 (Ttc21a). Thm1 loss causes perinatal lethality, and Thm2 loss allows survival into adulthood. At E14.5, the number of Thm1;Thm2 double mutant embryos is lower than that for a Mendelian ratio, indicating deletion of Thm1 and Thm2 causes mid-gestational lethality. We examined the ciliary phenotypes of mutant MEF. Thm1-mutant MEF show decreased cilia assembly, increased cilia disassembly, shortened primary cilia, a retrograde IFT defect for IFT and BBS proteins, and reduced ciliary entry of membrane-associated proteins. Thm1-mutant cilia also show a retrograde transport defect for the Hedgehog transducer, Smoothened, and an impaired response to Smoothened agonist, SAG. Thm2-null MEF show normal ciliary dynamics and Hedgehog signaling, but additional loss of a Thm1 allele impairs response to SAG. Further, Thm1;Thm2 double-mutant MEF show enhanced cilia disassembly, and increased impairment of INPP5E ciliary import. Thus, Thm1 and Thm2 have unique and redundant roles in MEF. Thm1 regulates cilia assembly, and alone and together with Thm2, regulates cilia disassembly, ciliary entry of membrane-associated protein, Hedgehog signaling, and embryogenesis. These findings shed light on mechanisms underlying Thm1-, Thm2- or IFT-A-mediated ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Bailey A Allard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Tana S Pottorf
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Henry H Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jay L Vivian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Pamela V Tran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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31
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Zhao Q, Li S, Shao S, Wang Z, Pan J. FLS2 is a CDK-like kinase that directly binds IFT70 and is required for proper ciliary disassembly in Chlamydomonas. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008561. [PMID: 32134924 PMCID: PMC7077844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is required for ciliary assembly and maintenance. While disruption of IFT may trigger ciliary disassembly, we show here that IFT mediated transport of a CDK-like kinase ensures proper ciliary disassembly. Mutations in flagellar shortening 2 (FLS2), encoding a CDK-like kinase, lead to retardation of cilia resorption and delay of cell cycle progression. Stimulation for ciliary disassembly induces gradual dephosphorylation of FLS2 accompanied with gradual inactivation. Loss of FLS2 or its kinase activity induces early onset of kinesin13 phosphorylation in cilia. FLS2 is predominantly localized in the cell body, however, it is transported to cilia upon induction of ciliary disassembly. FLS2 directly interacts with IFT70 and loss of this interaction inhibits its ciliary transport, leading to dysregulation of kinesin13 phosphorylation and retardation of ciliary disassembly. Thus, this work demonstrates that IFT plays active roles in controlling proper ciliary disassembly by transporting a protein kinase to cilia to regulate a microtubule depolymerizer. Cilia or eukaryotic flagella are cellular surface protrusions that function in cell motility as well as sensing. They are dynamic structures that undergo assembly and disassembly. Cilia are resorbed during cell cycle progression. Dysregulation of cilia resorption may cause delay of cell cycle progression, which underlies aberrant cell differentiation and even cancer. Ciliary resorption requires depolmerization of axonemal microtubules that is mediated by kinesin13. Using the unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas, we have identified a CDK-like kinase FLS2 that when mutated retards cilia resorption, leading to delay of cell cycle progression. FLS2, a cell body protein, is transported to cilia via intraflagellar transport upon induction of cilia resorption. FLS2 directly interacts with IFT70 and loss of this interaction inhibits transport of FLS2 to cilia and fails to regulate proper phosphorylation of kinesin13 in cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shufen Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shangjin Shao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengmao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Junmin Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
- * E-mail:
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32
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ERICH3 in Primary Cilia Regulates Cilium Formation and the Localisations of Ciliary Transport and Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Proteins. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16519. [PMID: 31712586 PMCID: PMC6848114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is essential for the formation and function of the microtubule-based primary cilium, which acts as a sensory and signalling device at the cell surface. Consisting of IFT-A/B and BBSome cargo adaptors that associate with molecular motors, IFT transports protein into (anterograde IFT) and out of (retrograde IFT) the cilium. In this study, we identify the mostly uncharacterised ERICH3 protein as a component of the mammalian primary cilium. Loss of ERICH3 causes abnormally short cilia and results in the accumulation of IFT-A/B proteins at the ciliary tip, together with reduced ciliary levels of retrograde transport regulators, ARL13B, INPP5E and BBS5. We also show that ERICH3 ciliary localisations require ARL13B and BBSome components. Finally, ERICH3 loss causes positive (Smoothened) and negative (GPR161) regulators of sonic hedgehog signaling (Shh) to accumulate at abnormally high levels in the cilia of pathway-stimulated cells. Together, these findings identify ERICH3 as a novel component of the primary cilium that regulates cilium length and the ciliary levels of Shh signaling molecules. We propose that ERICH3 functions within retrograde IFT-associated pathways to remove signaling proteins from cilia.
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33
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Liu G, Wang L, Pan J. Chlamydomonas WDR92 in association with R2TP-like complex and multiple DNAAFs to regulate ciliary dynein preassembly. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 11:770-780. [PMID: 30428028 PMCID: PMC6821370 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The motility of cilia or eukaryotic flagella is powered by the axonemal dyneins, which are preassembled in the cytoplasm by proteins termed dynein arm assembly factors (DNAAFs) before being transported to and assembled on the ciliary axoneme. Here, we characterize the function of WDR92 in Chlamydomonas. Loss of WDR92, a cytoplasmic protein, in a mutant wdr92 generated by DNA insertional mutagenesis resulted in aflagellate cells or cells with stumpy or short flagella, disappearance of axonemal dynein arms, and diminishment of dynein arm heavy chains in the cytoplasm, suggesting that WDR92 is a DNAAF. Immunoprecipitation of WDR92 followed by mass spectrometry identified inner dynein arm heavy chains and multiple DNAAFs including RuvBL1, RPAP3, MOT48, ODA7, and DYX1C. The PIH1 domain-containing protein MOT48 formed a R2TP-like complex with RuvBL1/2 and RPAP3, while PF13, another PIH1 domain-containing protein with function in dynein preassembly, did not. Interestingly, the third PIH1 domain-containing protein TWI1 was not related to flagellar motility. WDR92 physically interacted with the R2TP-like complex and the other identified DNNAFs. Our data suggest that WDR92 functions in association with the HSP90 co-chaperone R2TP-like complex as well as linking other DNAAFs in dynein preassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Junmin Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Corkins ME, Krneta-Stankic V, Kloc M, McCrea PD, Gladden AB, Miller RK. Divergent roles of the Wnt/PCP Formin Daam1 in renal ciliogenesis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221698. [PMID: 31469868 PMCID: PMC6716777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidneys are composed of numerous ciliated epithelial tubules called nephrons. Each nephron functions to reabsorb nutrients and concentrate waste products into urine. Defects in primary cilia are associated with abnormal formation of nephrons and cyst formation in a wide range of kidney disorders. Previous work in Xenopus laevis and zebrafish embryos established that loss of components that make up the Wnt/PCP pathway, Daam1 and ArhGEF19 (wGEF) perturb kidney tubulogenesis. Dishevelled, which activates both the canonical and non-canonical Wnt/PCP pathway, affect cilia formation in multiciliated cells. In this study, we investigated the role of the noncanoncial Wnt/PCP components Daam1 and ArhGEF19 (wGEF) in renal ciliogenesis utilizing polarized mammalian kidney epithelia cells (MDCKII and IMCD3) and Xenopus laevis embryonic kidney. We demonstrate that knockdown of Daam1 and ArhGEF19 in MDCKII and IMCD3 cells leads to loss of cilia, and Daam1's effect on ciliogenesis is mediated by the formin-activity of Daam1. Moreover, Daam1 co-localizes with the ciliary transport protein Ift88 and is present in cilia. Interestingly, knocking down Daam1 in Xenopus kidney does not lead to loss of cilia. These data suggests a new role for Daam1 in the formation of primary cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. Corkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vanja Krneta-Stankic
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Genes and Development, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- Houston Methodist, Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pierre D. McCrea
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrew B. Gladden
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rachel K. Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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35
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Wang X, Sha YW, Wang WT, Cui YQ, Chen J, Yan W, Hou XT, Mei LB, Yu CC, Wang J. Novel IFT140 variants cause spermatogenic dysfunction in humans. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e920. [PMID: 31397098 PMCID: PMC6732298 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intraflagellar transport protein 140 homolog (IFT140) is involved in the process of intraflagellar transport (IFT), a process that is essential for the formation and maintenance of most eukaryotic cilia and flagella. Variants IFT140 have been reported to account for ciliopathy but association with male fertility has never been described in humans. Here we report the identification of two novel variants of IFT140 which caused spermatogenic dysfunction and male infertility. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed in a 27-year-old infertile man presented with severe oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and teratozoospermia (OAT) without other physical abnormality. Sanger sequencing was used to verify gene variants in the patient, his healthy brother, and their parents. Morphology and protein expression in the patient's sperm were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunofluorescence staining. Function of gene variants was predicted by online databases. RESULTS Compound heterozygous variants of IFT140: exon16: c.1837G > A: p.Asp613Asn and exon31: c.4247G > A: p.Ser1416Asn were identified in the patient, both of which showed autosomal recessive inheritance in his family, and had extremely low allele frequency in the population. Morphological abnormalities of the head, nucleus, and tails and the absence of IFT140 from the neck and mid-piece of the patient's spermatozoa were observed. Mutation Taster database predicted a high probability of damage-causing by both variations. CONCLUSION This study for the first time reported IFT140 variants that cause infertility in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, China
| | - Yan-Wei Sha
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xiamen Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wen-Ting Wang
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Cui
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hou
- Pathology Department, Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Bin Mei
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xiamen Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Cui-Cui Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Wang Q, Peng Z, Long H, Deng X, Huang K. Polyubiquitylation of α-tubulin at K304 is required for flagellar disassembly in Chlamydomonas. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.229047. [PMID: 30765466 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.229047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia/flagella are structurally conserved and dynamic organelles; their assembly and disassembly are coordinated with the cell cycle and cell differentiation. Several post-translational modifications, including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitylation, participate in ciliary disassembly. However, the detailed mechanism and the role of ubiquitylation in ciliary disassembly are unclear. This study identified 20 proteins that were ubiquitylated in shortening flagella of Chlamydomonas α-Tubulin was the most abundant ubiquitylated protein and it was labeled with K63 polyubiquitin chains primarily at K304. Expression of an α-tubulin mutant (K304R), which could not be ubiquitylated, decreased the rate of flagellar disassembly and resulted in an enrichment of the mutant form in the axoneme, suggesting that ubiquitylation of α-tubulin is required for the normal kinetics of axonemal disassembly. Immunoprecipitation and glutathione-S-transferase pulldown assays demonstrated that the retrograde intraflagellar transport (IFT) protein, IFT139, interacted with a variety of ubiquitylated proteins, including α-tubulin, suggesting that IFT-A was responsible for transporting ubiquitylated proteins out of the flagella. Our data suggest an important role for ubiquitylation and retrograde IFT in ciliary disassembly.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Huan Long
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xuan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Kaiyao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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37
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Wang Y, Ren Y, Pan J. Regulation of flagellar assembly and length in
Chlamydomonas
by LF4, a MAPK‐related kinase. FASEB J 2019; 33:6431-6441. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802375rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingrui Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Protein ScienceTsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Yahui Ren
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Protein ScienceTsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Junmin Pan
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Protein ScienceTsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua University Beijing China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and BiotechnologyQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao China
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38
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Picariello T, Brown JM, Hou Y, Swank G, Cochran DA, King OD, Lechtreck K, Pazour GJ, Witman GB. A global analysis of IFT-A function reveals specialization for transport of membrane-associated proteins into cilia. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs220749. [PMID: 30659111 PMCID: PMC6382014 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.220749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT), which is essential for the formation and function of cilia in most organisms, is the trafficking of IFT trains (i.e. assemblies of IFT particles) that carry cargo within the cilium. Defects in IFT cause several human diseases. IFT trains contain the complexes IFT-A and IFT-B. To dissect the functions of these complexes, we studied a Chlamydomonas mutant that is null for the IFT-A protein IFT140. The mutation had no effect on IFT-B but destabilized IFT-A, preventing flagella assembly. Therefore, IFT-A assembly requires IFT140. Truncated IFT140, which lacks the N-terminal WD repeats of the protein, partially rescued IFT and supported formation of half-length flagella that contained normal levels of IFT-B but greatly reduced amounts of IFT-A. The axonemes of these flagella had normal ultrastructure and, as investigated by SDS-PAGE, normal composition. However, composition of the flagellar 'membrane+matrix' was abnormal. Analysis of the latter fraction by mass spectrometry revealed decreases in small GTPases, lipid-anchored proteins and cell signaling proteins. Thus, IFT-A is specialized for the import of membrane-associated proteins. Abnormal levels of the latter are likely to account for the multiple phenotypes of patients with defects in IFT140.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Picariello
- Division of Cell Biology and Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Jason M Brown
- Department of Biology, Salem State University, Salem, MA 01970, USA
| | - Yuqing Hou
- Division of Cell Biology and Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Gregory Swank
- Division of Cell Biology and Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Deborah A Cochran
- Division of Cell Biology and Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Oliver D King
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Karl Lechtreck
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Gregory J Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - George B Witman
- Division of Cell Biology and Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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39
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Jordan MA, Diener DR, Stepanek L, Pigino G. The cryo-EM structure of intraflagellar transport trains reveals how dynein is inactivated to ensure unidirectional anterograde movement in cilia. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:1250-1255. [PMID: 30323187 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Movement of cargos along microtubules plays key roles in diverse cellular processes, from signalling to mitosis. In cilia, rapid movement of ciliary components along the microtubules to and from the assembly site is essential for the assembly and disassembly of the structure itself1. This bidirectional transport, known as intraflagellar transport (IFT)2, is driven by the anterograde motor kinesin-23 and the retrograde motor dynein-1b (dynein-2 in mammals)4,5. However, to drive retrograde transport, dynein-1b must first be delivered to the ciliary tip by anterograde IFT6. Although, the presence of opposing motors in bidirectional transport processes often leads to periodic stalling and slowing of cargos7, IFT is highly processive1,2,8. Using cryo-electron tomography, we show that a tug-of-war between kinesin-2 and dynein-1b is prevented by loading dynein-1b onto anterograde IFT trains in an autoinhibited form and by positioning it away from the microtubule track to prevent binding. Once at the ciliary tip, dynein-1b must transition into an active form and engage microtubules to power retrograde trains. These findings provide a striking example of how coordinated structural changes mediate the behaviour of complex cellular machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike A Jordan
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Dresden, Germany
| | - Dennis R Diener
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Dresden, Germany
| | - Ludek Stepanek
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Dresden, Germany
| | - Gaia Pigino
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Dresden, Germany.
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40
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Liang Y, Zhu X, Wu Q, Pan J. Ciliary Length Sensing Regulates IFT Entry via Changes in FLA8/KIF3B Phosphorylation to Control Ciliary Assembly. Curr Biol 2018; 28:2429-2435.e3. [PMID: 30057303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The length of cilia is robustly regulated [1]. Previous data suggest that cells possess a sensing system to control ciliary length [2-5]. However, the details of the mechanism are currently not known [6, 7]. Such a system requires a mechanism that responds to ciliary length, and consequently, disruption of that response system should alter ciliary length [1]. The assembly rate of cilium mediated by intraflagellar transport (IFT) gradually decreases as the cilium elongates and eventually is balanced by the constant rate of disassembly, at which point cilium elongation stops [8, 9]. Because the rate of IFT entry into the cilium also decreases as the cilium elongates [10], regulation of IFT entry could provide the mechanism for length control. Previously, we showed that phosphorylation of the FLA8/KIF3B subunit of the anterograde kinesin-II IFT motor blocks IFT entry and flagellar assembly in Chlamydomonas [11]. Here, we show in Chlamydomonas that cellular signaling in response to alteration of flagellar length regulates phosphorylation of FLA8/KIF3B, which restricts IFT entry and, thus, flagellar assembly to control flagellar length. Cellular levels of phosphorylated FLA8 (pFLA8) are tightly linked to flagellar length: FLA8 phosphorylation is reduced in cells with short flagella and elevated in cells with long flagella. Depletion of the phosphatases CrPP1 and CrPP6 increases the level of cellular pFLA8, leading to short flagella due to decreased IFT entry. The results demonstrate that ciliary length control is achieved by a cellular sensing system that controls IFT entry through phosphorylation of the anterograde IFT motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinwen Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Junmin Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
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41
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Biswas P, Duncan JL, Ali M, Matsui H, Naeem MA, Raghavendra PB, Frazer KA, Arts HH, Riazuddin S, Akram J, Hejtmancik JF, Riazuddin SA, Ayyagari R. A mutation in IFT43 causes non-syndromic recessive retinal degeneration. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:4741-4751. [PMID: 28973684 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to identify the molecular cause of autosomal recessive early onset retinal degeneration in a consanguineous pedigree. Seventeen members of a four-generation Pakistani family were recruited and underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination. Exomes of four affected and two unaffected individuals were sequenced. Variants were filtered using exomeSuite to identify rare potentially pathogenic variants in genes expressed in the retina and/or brain and consistent with the pattern of inheritance. Effect of the variant observed in the gene Intraflagellar Transport Protein 43 (IFT43) was studied by heterologous expression in mIMCD3 and MDCK cells. Expression and sub-cellular localization of IFT43 in the retina and transiently transfected cells was examined by RT-PCR, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Affected members were diagnosed with early onset non-syndromic progressive retinal degeneration and the presence of bone spicules distributed throughout the retina at younger ages while the older affected members showed severe central choroidal atrophy. Whole-exome sequencing analysis identified a novel homozygous c.100 G > A change in IFT43 segregating with retinal degeneration and not present in ethnicity-matched controls. Immunostaining showed IFT43 localized in the photoreceptors, and to the tip of the cilia in transfected mIMCD3 and MDCK cells. The cilia in mIMCD3 and MDCK cells expressing mutant IFT43 were found to be significantly shorter (P < 0.001) than cells expressing wild-type IFT43. Our studies identified a novel homozygous mutation in the ciliary protein IFT43 as the underlying cause of recessive inherited retinal degeneration. This is the first report demonstrating the involvement of IFT43 in retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Biswas
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,School of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jacque L Duncan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Muhammad Ali
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hiroko Matsui
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Pongali B Raghavendra
- School of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bangalore, India
| | - Kelly A Frazer
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genome Information Sciences, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Heleen H Arts
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Pakistan.,National Centre for Genetic Diseases, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Akram
- Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Pakistan.,National Centre for Genetic Diseases, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - J Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Amer Riazuddin
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Radha Ayyagari
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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42
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Geoffroy V, Stoetzel C, Scheidecker S, Schaefer E, Perrault I, Bär S, Kröll A, Delbarre M, Antin M, Leuvrey AS, Henry C, Blanché H, Decker E, Kloth K, Klaus G, Mache C, Martin-Coignard D, McGinn S, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Friant S, Saunier S, Rozet JM, Bergmann C, Dollfus H, Muller J. Whole-genome sequencing in patients with ciliopathies uncovers a novel recurrent tandem duplication in IFT140. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:983-992. [PMID: 29688594 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ciliopathies represent a wide spectrum of rare diseases with overlapping phenotypes and a high genetic heterogeneity. Among those, IFT140 is implicated in a variety of phenotypes ranging from isolated retinis pigmentosa to more syndromic cases. Using whole-genome sequencing in patients with uncharacterized ciliopathies, we identified a novel recurrent tandem duplication of exon 27-30 (6.7 kb) in IFT140, c.3454-488_4182+2588dup p.(Tyr1152_Thr1394dup), missed by whole-exome sequencing. Pathogenicity of the mutation was assessed on the patients' skin fibroblasts. Several hundreds of patients with a ciliopathy phenotype were screened and biallelic mutations were identified in 11 families representing 12 pathogenic variants of which seven are novel. Among those unrelated families especially with a Mainzer-Saldino syndrome, eight carried the same tandem duplication (two at the homozygous state and six at the heterozygous state). In conclusion, we demonstrated the implication of structural variations in IFT140-related diseases expanding its mutation spectrum. We also provide evidences for a unique genomic event mediated by an Alu-Alu recombination occurring on a shared haplotype. We confirm that whole-genome sequencing can be instrumental in the ability to detect structural variants for genomic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Geoffroy
- Laboratoire de Génétique médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Corinne Stoetzel
- Laboratoire de Génétique médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie Scheidecker
- Laboratoire de Génétique médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoires de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elise Schaefer
- Laboratoire de Génétique médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabelle Perrault
- Laboratory of Genetics in Ophthalmology (LGO), INSERM UMR1163, Institute of Genetic Diseases, Imagine, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Séverine Bär
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Genetics, UMR7156, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ariane Kröll
- Laboratoire de Génétique médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marion Delbarre
- Laboratoires de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Manuela Antin
- Laboratoires de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Leuvrey
- Laboratoires de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Hélène Blanché
- Centre d'études du polymorphisme humain-Fondation Jean Dausset, Paris, France
| | - Eva Decker
- Center for Human Genetics, Bioscientia, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Katja Kloth
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Günter Klaus
- University Marburg, KfH-Nierenzentrum für Kinder und Jugendliche, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Mache
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Steven McGinn
- CNRGH, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, DRF, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Anne Boland
- CNRGH, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, DRF, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre d'études du polymorphisme humain-Fondation Jean Dausset, Paris, France.,CNRGH, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, DRF, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Sylvie Friant
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Genetics, UMR7156, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Jean-Michel Rozet
- Laboratory of Genetics in Ophthalmology (LGO), INSERM UMR1163, Institute of Genetic Diseases, Imagine, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Carsten Bergmann
- Center for Human Genetics, Bioscientia, Ingelheim, Germany.,Department of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hélène Dollfus
- Laboratoire de Génétique médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Centre de Référence pour les affections rares en génétique ophtalmologique, CARGO, Filière SENSGENE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Muller
- Laboratoire de Génétique médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoires de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Zhang Y, Liu H, Li W, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Teves ME, Stevens C, Foster JA, Campbell GE, Windle JJ, Hess RA, Pazour GJ, Zhang Z. Intraflagellar transporter protein 140 (IFT140), a component of IFT-A complex, is essential for male fertility and spermiogenesis in mice. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2018; 75:70-84. [PMID: 29236364 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is a conserved mechanism essential for the assembly and maintenance of most eukaryotic cilia and flagella. However, little is known about its role in sperm flagella formation and male fertility. IFT140 is a component of IFT-A complex. In mouse, it is highly expressed in the testis. Ift140 gene was inactivated specifically in mouse spermatocytes/spermatids. The mutant mice did not show any gross abnormalities, but all were infertile and associated with significantly reduced sperm number and motility. Multiple sperm morphological abnormalities were discovered, including amorphous heads, short/bent flagella and swollen tail tips, as well as vesicles along the flagella due to spermiogenesis defects. The epididymides contained round bodies of cytoplasm derived from the sloughing of the cytoplasmic lobes and residual bodies. Knockout of Ift140 did not significantly affect testicular expression levels of selective IFT components but localization of IFT27 and IFT88, two components of IFT-B complex, was changed. Our findings demonstrate that IFT140 is a key regulator for male fertility and normal spermiogenesis in mice. It not only plays a role in sperm flagella assembling, but is also involved in critical assembly of proteins that interface between the germ cell plasma and the Sertoli cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298.,School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Zhengang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei
| | - Shiyang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298.,School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei
| | - Maria E Teves
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Courtney Stevens
- Department of Biology, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, Virginia 23005
| | - James A Foster
- Department of Biology, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, Virginia 23005
| | - Gregory E Campbell
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Jolene J Windle
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Rex A Hess
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 2001 S. Lincoln, Urbana, Illinois 61802-6199
| | - Gregory J Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298.,School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei
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44
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Dong B, Wu S, Wang J, Liu YX, Peng Z, Meng DM, Huang K, Wu M, Fan ZC. Chlamydomonas IFT25 is dispensable for flagellar assembly but required to export the BBSome from flagella. Biol Open 2017; 6:1680-1691. [PMID: 28838966 PMCID: PMC5703605 DOI: 10.1242/bio.026278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) particles are composed of polyprotein complexes IFT-A and IFT-B as well as cargo adaptors such as the BBSome. Two IFT-B subunits, IFT25 and IFT27 were found to form a heterodimer, which is essential in exporting the BBSome out of the cilium but not involved in flagellar assembly and cytokinesis in vertebrates. Controversial results were, however, recorded to show that defects in IFT, flagellar assembly and even cytokinesis were caused by IFT27 knockdown in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Using C. reinhardtii as a model organism, we report that depletion of IFT25 has no effect on flagellar assembly and does not affect the entry of the BBSome into the flagellum, but IFT25 depletion did impair BBSome movement out of the flagellum, clarifying the evolutionally conserved role of IFT25 in regulating the exit of the BBSome from the flagellum cross species. Interestingly, depletion of IFT25 causes dramatic reduction of IFT27 as expected, which does not cause defects in flagellar assembly and cytokinesis in C. reinhardtii. Our data thus support that Chlamydomonas IFT27, like its vertebrate homologues, is not involved in flagellar assembly and cytokinesis. Summary: Chlamydomonas IFT25 is not involved in flagellar assembly, but is required for export of the BBSome from the flagellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Health Biotechnology, International Collaborative Research Center for Health Biotechnology, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Health Biotechnology, International Collaborative Research Center for Health Biotechnology, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Health Biotechnology, International Collaborative Research Center for Health Biotechnology, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Health Biotechnology, International Collaborative Research Center for Health Biotechnology, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Mei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Health Biotechnology, International Collaborative Research Center for Health Biotechnology, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfu Wu
- Cardiovascular Science Center, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA
| | - Zhen-Chuan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Health Biotechnology, International Collaborative Research Center for Health Biotechnology, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China .,Obesita & Algaegen LLC, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
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45
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Wang L, Gu L, Meng D, Wu Q, Deng H, Pan J. Comparative Proteomics Reveals Timely Transport into Cilia of Regulators or Effectors as a Mechanism Underlying Ciliary Disassembly. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2410-2418. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Limei Wang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life
Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lixiao Gu
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan Meng
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology
and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life
Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junmin Pan
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life
Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory
for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, China
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46
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Wingfield JL, Mengoni I, Bomberger H, Jiang YY, Walsh JD, Brown JM, Picariello T, Cochran DA, Zhu B, Pan J, Eggenschwiler J, Gaertig J, Witman GB, Kner P, Lechtreck K. IFT trains in different stages of assembly queue at the ciliary base for consecutive release into the cilium. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28562242 PMCID: PMC5451262 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) trains, multimegadalton assemblies of IFT proteins and motors, traffic proteins in cilia. To study how trains assemble, we employed fluorescence protein-tagged IFT proteins in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. IFT-A and motor proteins are recruited from the cell body to the basal body pool, assembled into trains, move through the cilium, and disperse back into the cell body. In contrast to this ‘open’ system, IFT-B proteins from retrograde trains reenter the pool and a portion is reused directly in anterograde trains indicating a ‘semi-open’ system. Similar IFT systems were also observed in Tetrahymena thermophila and IMCD3 cells. FRAP analysis indicated that IFT proteins and motors of a given train are sequentially recruited to the basal bodies. IFT dynein and tubulin cargoes are loaded briefly before the trains depart. We conclude that the pool contains IFT trains in multiple stages of assembly queuing for successive release into the cilium upon completion. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.26609.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Wingfield
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
| | - Ilaria Mengoni
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
| | - Heather Bomberger
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States.,College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
| | - Yu-Yang Jiang
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
| | - Jonathon D Walsh
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
| | - Jason M Brown
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States.,Department of Biology, Salem State University, Salem, United States
| | - Tyler Picariello
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Deborah A Cochran
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Bing Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Junmin Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Jacek Gaertig
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
| | - George B Witman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Peter Kner
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
| | - Karl Lechtreck
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
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47
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Yi P, Li WJ, Dong MQ, Ou G. Dynein-Driven Retrograde Intraflagellar Transport Is Triphasic in C. elegans Sensory Cilia. Curr Biol 2017; 27:1448-1461.e7. [PMID: 28479320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein-2 powers retrograde intraflagellar transport that is essential for cilium formation and maintenance. Inactivation of dynein-2 by mutations in DYNC2H1 causes skeletal dysplasias, and it remains unclear how the dynein-2 heavy chain moves in cilia. Here, using the genome-editing technique to produce fluorescent dynein-2 heavy chain in Caenorhabditis elegans, we show by high-resolution live microscopy that dynein-2 moves in a surprising way along distinct ciliary domains. Dynein-2 shows triphasic movement in the retrograde direction: dynein-2 accelerates in the ciliary distal region and then moves at maximum velocity and finally decelerates adjacent to the base, which may represent a physical obstacle due to transition zone barriers. By knocking the conserved ciliopathy-related mutations into the C. elegans dynein-2 heavy chain, we find that these mutations reduce its transport speed and frequency. Disruption of the dynein-2 tail domain, light intermediate chain, or intraflagellar transport (IFT)-B complex abolishes dynein-2's ciliary localization, revealing their important roles in ciliary entry of dynein-2. Furthermore, our affinity purification and genetic analyses show that IFT-A subunits IFT-139 and IFT-43 function redundantly to promote dynein-2 motility. These results reveal the molecular regulation of dynein-2 movement in sensory cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peishan Yi
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- National Institute of Biological Science, 7 Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Meng-Qiu Dong
- National Institute of Biological Science, 7 Science Park Road, ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guangshuo Ou
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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