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Salarzaei M, van de Laar RLO, Ewing-Graham PC, Najjary S, van Esch E, van Beekhuizen HJ, Mustafa DAM. Unraveling Differences in Molecular Mechanisms and Immunological Contrasts between Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma of the Cervix. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6205. [PMID: 38892393 PMCID: PMC11172577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to refine our understanding of the inherent heterogeneity in cervical cancer by exploring differential gene expression profiles, immune cell infiltration dynamics, and implicated signaling pathways in the two predominant histological types of cervix carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) and Adenocarcinoma (ADC). Targeted gene expression data that were previously generated from samples of primary cervical cancer were re-analyzed. The samples were grouped based on their histopathology, comparing SCC to ADC. Each tumor in the study was confirmed to be high risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV) positive. A total of 21 cervical cancer samples were included, with 11 cases of SCC and 10 of ADC. Data analysis revealed a total of 26 differentially expressed genes, with 19 genes being overexpressed in SCC compared to ADC (Benjamini-Hochberg (BH)-adjusted p-value < 0.05). Importantly, the immune checkpoint markers CD274 and CTLA4 demonstrated significantly higher expression in SCC compared to ADC. In addition, SCC showed a higher infiltration of immune cells, including B and T cells, and cytotoxic cells. Higher activation of a variety of pathways was found in SCC samples including cytotoxicity, interferon signaling, metabolic stress, lymphoid compartment, hypoxia, PI3k-AKT, hedgehog signaling and Notch signaling pathways. Our findings show distinctive gene expression patterns, signaling pathway activations, and trends in immune cell infiltration between SCC and ADC in cervical cancer. This study underscores the heterogeneity within primary cervical cancer, emphasizing the potential benefits of subdividing these tumours based on histological and molecular differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Salarzaei
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands (H.J.v.B.)
| | - Ralf L. O. van de Laar
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands (H.J.v.B.)
| | - Patricia C. Ewing-Graham
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shiva Najjary
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Edith van Esch
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Catharina Ziekenhuis Eindhoven, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Heleen J. van Beekhuizen
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands (H.J.v.B.)
| | - Dana A. M. Mustafa
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
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Li X, Tang Z, Li Z, Li Z, Zhao P, Song Y, Yang K, Xia Z, Wang Y, Guo D. Somatic mutations that affect early genetic progression and immune microenvironment in gastric carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 257:155310. [PMID: 38663178 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma (GC) is a high heterogeneity and malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. The current implementation of immunotherapy in GC is limited due to the insufficient exploration of immune-related mutations and speculated early mutation events. Therefore, we performed whole-exome sequencing on 40 patients with GC to explore their genetic characteristics, shedding light on the order of genetic events, somatic mutations impacting the immune microenvironment, and potential biomarkers for immunotherapy. Regarding genetic events, TP53 disruptions were identified as frequent and early events in GC progression, often occurring alongside other gene mutations. The mutations occurring in GANS, SMAD4, and POLE were early independent events. Patients harboring CSMD3, FAT4, FLG, KMT2C, LRP1B, MUC5B, MUC16, PLEC, RNF43, SYNE1, TP53, TTN, XIRP2, and ZFHX4 mutations tended to have decreased B cells, T cells, macrophage, neutrophil, and dendritic cells infiltration, except for the ARID1A gene mutations. We also found patients with microsatellite instability-high tumors had higher homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) scores. HRD showed a positive correlation with tumor mutational burden, which might serve as indirect evidence supporting the potential of HRD as a biomarker for GC. These findings highlighted GC's high heterogeneity and complexity and provided valuable insights into the somatic mutations that affect early genetic progression and immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Li
- Center for GI Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zirui Tang
- School of Software Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110169, China; Shenzhen Byoryn Technology Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhaopeng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Kexin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Zihan Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China.
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
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Yang Y, Zeng Q, Liu G, Zheng S, Luo T, Guo Y, Tang J, Huang Y. Hierarchical classification-based pan-cancer methylation analysis to classify primary cancer. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:465. [PMID: 38066424 PMCID: PMC10709847 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05529-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hierarchical classification offers a more specific categorization of data and breaks down large classification problems into subproblems, providing improved prediction accuracy and predictive power for undefined categories, while also mitigating the impact of poor-quality data. Despite these advantages, its application in predicting primary cancer is rare. To leverage the similarity of cancers and the specificity of methylation patterns among them, we developed the Cancer Hierarchy Classification Tool (CHCT) using the idea of hierarchical classification, with methylation data from 30 cancer types and 8239 methylome samples downloaded from publicly available databases (The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)). We used unsupervised clustering to divide the classification subproblems and screened differentially methylated sites using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, Tukey-kramer test, and Boruta algorithms to construct models for each classifier module. After validation, CHCT accurately classified 1568 out of 1660 cases in the test set, with an average accuracy of 94.46%. We further curated an independent validation cohort of 677 cancer samples from GEO and assigned a diagnosis using CHCT, which showed high diagnostic potential with generally high accuracies (an average accuracy of 91.40%). Moreover, CHCT demonstrates predictive capability for additional cancer types beyond its original classifier scope as demonstrated in the medulloblastoma and pituitary tumor datasets. In summary, CHCT can hierarchically classify primary cancer by methylation profile, by splitting a large-scale classification of 30 cancer types into ten smaller classification problems. These results indicate that cancer hierarchical classification has the potential to be an accurate and robust cancer classification method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youpeng Yang
- Medicine School, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Qiuhong Zeng
- Geneplus-Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Gaotong Liu
- Geneplus-Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Shiyao Zheng
- Medicine School, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Tianyang Luo
- Medicine School, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yibin Guo
- Medicine School, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Jia Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou, 510062, China.
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yi Huang
- Geneplus-Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
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4
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Muthupalani S, Annamalai D, Feng Y, Ganesan SM, Ge Z, Whary MT, Nakagawa H, Rustgi AK, Wang TC, Fox JG. IL-1β transgenic mouse model of inflammation driven esophageal and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12732. [PMID: 37543673 PMCID: PMC10404242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39907-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is integral to the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), although the latter has not been associated with reflux esophagitis. The L2-IL-1β transgenic mice, expressing human interleukin (IL)-1β in the oral, esophageal and forestomach squamous epithelia feature chronic inflammation and a stepwise development of Barrett's esophagus-like metaplasia, dysplasia and adenocarcinoma at the squamo-columnar junction. However, the functional consequences of IL-1β-mediated chronic inflammation in the oral and esophageal squamous epithelia remain elusive. We report for the first time that in addition to the previously described Barrett's esophagus-like metaplasia, the L2-IL-1β mice also develop squamous epithelial dysplasia with progression to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the esophagus and the tongue. L2-IL-1β showed age-dependent progression of squamous dysplasia to SCC with approximately 40% (n = 49) and 23.5% (n = 17) incidence rates for esophageal and tongue invasive SCC respectively, by 12-15 months of age. Interestingly, SCC development and progression in L2-IL-1β was similar in both Germ Free (GF) and Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) conditions. Immunohistochemistry revealed a T cell predominant inflammatory profile with enhanced expression of Ki67, Sox2 and the DNA double-strand break marker, γ-H2AX, in the dysplastic squamous epithelia of L2-IL-1β mice. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, immunomodulatory players, chemoattractants for inflammatory cells (T cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages) and oxidative damage marker, iNOS, were significantly increased in the esophageal and tongue tissues of L2-IL-1β mice. Our recent findings have expanded the translational utility of the IL-1β mouse model to aid in further characterization of the key pathways of inflammation driven BE and EAC as well as ESCC and Oral SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureshkumar Muthupalani
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 16-825C, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- StageBio, 5930 Main St, Mount Jackson, VA, 22842, USA.
| | - Damodaran Annamalai
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 16-825C, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yan Feng
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 16-825C, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Suresh M Ganesan
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 16-825C, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zhongming Ge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 16-825C, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mark T Whary
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 16-825C, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases and Herbert Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases and Herbert Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases and Herbert Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 16-825C, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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5
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Ooki A, Osumi H, Chin K, Watanabe M, Yamaguchi K. Potent molecular-targeted therapies for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359221138377. [PMID: 36872946 PMCID: PMC9978325 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221138377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) remains a public health concern with a high mortality and disease burden worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a predominant histological subtype of EC that has unique etiology, molecular profiles, and clinicopathological features. Although systemic chemotherapy, including cytotoxic agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors, is the main therapeutic option for recurrent or metastatic ESCC patients, the clinical benefits are limited with poor prognosis. Personalized molecular-targeted therapies have been hampered due to the lack of robust treatment efficacy in clinical trials. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the molecular profiles of ESCC based on the findings of pivotal comprehensive molecular analyses, highlighting potent therapeutic targets for establishing future precision medicine for ESCC patients, with the most recent results of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ooki
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroki Osumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisho Chin
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensei Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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Noori M, Mahjoubfar A, Azizi S, Fayyaz F, Rezaei N. Immune checkpoint inhibitors plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone as first-line therapy for advanced gastric and esophageal cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ragusa D, Tosi S, Sisu C. Pan-Cancer Analysis Identifies MNX1 and Associated Antisense Transcripts as Biomarkers for Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223577. [PMID: 36429006 PMCID: PMC9688723 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is a major objective in improving clinical outcomes in cancer, which has been facilitated by the availability of high-throughput gene expression data. A growing interest in non-coding genomic regions has identified dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in several malignancies, suggesting a potential use as biomarkers. In this study, we leveraged data from large-scale sequencing projects to uncover the expression patterns of the MNX1 gene and its associated lncRNAs MNX1-AS1 and MNX1-AS2 in solid tumours. Despite many reports describing MNX1 overexpression in several cancers, limited studies exist on MNX1-AS1 and MNX1-AS2 and their potential as biomarkers. By employing clustering methods to visualise multi-gene relationships, we identified a discriminative power of the three genes in distinguishing tumour vs. normal samples in several cancers of the gastrointestinal tract and reproductive systems, as well as in discerning oesophageal and testicular cancer histological subtypes. Notably, the expressions of MNX1 and its antisenses also correlated with clinical features and endpoints, uncovering previously unreported associations. This work highlights the advantages of using combinatory expression patterns of non-coding transcripts of differentially expressed genes as clinical evaluators and identifies MNX1, MNX1-AS1, and MNX1-AS2 expressions as robust candidate biomarkers for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Ragusa
- Leukaemia and Chromosome Research Laboratory, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance (CenGEM), College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Sabrina Tosi
- Leukaemia and Chromosome Research Laboratory, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance (CenGEM), College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Cristina Sisu
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance (CenGEM), College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
- Correspondence:
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Xu M, Cheng A, Yu L, Wei W, Li J, Cai C. AHNAK2 is a biomarker and a potential therapeutic target of adenocarcinomas. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1708-1719. [PMID: 36017889 PMCID: PMC9828698 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma is the second largest histological type of cervical cancer, second only to cervical squamous cell carcinoma. At present, despite the clinical treatment strategies of cervical adenocarcinoma and cervical squamous cell carcinoma being similar, the outcome and prognosis of cervical adenocarcinoma are significantly poor. Therefore, it is urgent to find specific biomarker and therapeutic target for cervical adenocarcinoma. In this study, we aim to reveal and verify the potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of cervical adenocarcinoma. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) reveals the differentially-expressed genes significantly related to the histological characteristics of the two cervical cancer subtypes. We select the genes with the top 20 significance for further investigation. Through microarray and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses of a variety of tumor tissues, we find that among these 20 genes, AHNAK2 is highly expressed not only in cervical adenocarcinoma, but also in multiple of adenocarcinoma tissues, including esophagus, breast and colon, while not in normal gland tissues. In vitro, AHNAK2 knockdown significantly inhibits cell proliferation and migration of adenocarcinoma cell lines. In vivo, AHNAK2 knockdown significantly inhibits tumor progression and metastasis of various adenocarcinomas. RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analyses suggest that the inhibitory effect of AHNAK2 knockdown on tumor progression is achieved by regulating DNA replication and upregulating Bim expression. Together, we demonstrate that AHNAK2 is a biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Medical Research InstituteFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Anyi Cheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Medical Research InstituteFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Liya Yu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Medical Research InstituteFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Medical Research InstituteFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Jinpeng Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-13917642692; (C.C.) / Tel: +86-18807162791; (J.L.) @126.com
| | - Cheguo Cai
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Medical Research InstituteFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-13917642692; (C.C.) / Tel: +86-18807162791; (J.L.) @126.com
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Henick BS, Villarroel-Espindola F, Datar I, Sanmamed MF, Yu J, Desai S, Li A, Aguirre-Ducler A, Syrigos K, Rimm DL, Chen L, Herbst RS, Schalper KA. Quantitative tissue analysis and role of myeloid cells in non-small cell lung cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e005025. [PMID: 35793873 PMCID: PMC9260844 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the prominent role of innate immunity in the antitumor response, little is known about the myeloid composition of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with respect to histology and molecular subtype. We used multiplexed quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF) to measure the distribution and clinical significance of major myeloid cell subsets in large retrospective NSCLC collections. METHODS We established a QIF panel to map major myeloid cell subsets in fixed human NSCLC including 4',6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole for all cells, pancytokeratin for tumor-epithelial cells, CD68 for M1-like macrophages; and CD11b plus HLA-DR to interrogate mature and immature myeloid cell populations such as myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). We interrogated 793 NSCLCs represented in four tissue microarray-based cohorts: #1 (Yale, n=379) and #2 (Greece, n=230) with diverse NSCLC subtypes; #3 (Yale, n=138) with molecularly annotated lung adenocarcinomas (ADC); and #4 (Yale, n=46) with patient-matched NSCLC and morphologically-normal lung tissue. We examined associations between marker levels, myeloid cell profiles, clinicopathologic/molecular variables and survival. RESULTS The levels of CD68+ M1 like macrophages were significantly lower and the fraction of CD11b+/HLA-DR- MDSC-like cells was prominently higher in tumor than in matched non-tumor lung tissues. HLA-DR was consistently higher in myeloid cells from tumors with elevated CD68 expression. Stromal CD11b was significantly higher in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) than in ADC across the cohorts and EGFR-mutated lung ADCs displayed lower CD11b levels than KRAS-mutant tumors. Increased stromal CD68- and HLA-DR-expressing cells was associated with better survival in ADCs from two independent NSCLC cohorts. In SCC, increased stromal CD11b or HLA-DR expression was associated with a trend towards shorter 5-year survival. CONCLUSIONS NSCLCs display an unfavorable myeloid immune contexture relative to non-tumor lung and exhibit distinct myeloid-cell profiles across histologies and presence of major oncogenic driver-mutations. Elevated M1-like stromal proinflammatory myeloid cells are prognostic in lung ADC, but not in SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Henick
- Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Ila Datar
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Jovian Yu
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Alice Li
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Adam Aguirre-Ducler
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Konstantinos Syrigos
- Sotiria General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - David L Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | - Kurt A Schalper
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Polewko-Klim A, Zhu S, Wu W, Xie Y, Cai N, Zhang K, Zhu Z, Qing T, Yuan Z, Xu K, Zhang T, Lu M, Ye W, Chen X, Suo C, Rudnicki WR. Identification of Candidate Therapeutic Genes for More Precise Treatment of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:844542. [PMID: 35664298 PMCID: PMC9161154 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.844542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard therapy administered to patients with advanced esophageal cancer remains uniform, despite its two main histological subtypes, namely esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (AC), are being increasingly considered to be different. The identification of potential drug target genes between SCC and AC is crucial for more effective treatment of these diseases, given the high toxicity of chemotherapy and resistance to administered medications. Herein we attempted to identify and rank differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SCC vs. AC using ensemble feature selection methods. RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences (China). Six feature filters algorithms were used to identify DEGs. We built robust predictive models for histological subtypes with the random forest (RF) classification algorithm. Pathway analysis also be performed to investigate the functional role of genes. 294 informative DEGs (87 of them are newly discovered) have been identified. The areas under receiver operator curve (AUC) were higher than 99.5% for all feature selection (FS) methods. Nine genes (i.e., ERBB3, ATP7B, ABCC3, GALNT14, CLDN18, GUCY2C, FGFR4, KCNQ5, and CACNA1B) may play a key role in the development of more directed anticancer therapy for SCC and AC patients. The first four of them are drug targets for chemotherapy and immunotherapy of esophageal cancer and involved in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathways. Research identified novel DEGs in SCC and AC, and detected four potential drug targeted genes (ERBB3, ATP7B, ABCC3, and GALNT14) and five drug-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Polewko-Klim
- Institute of Computer Science, University in Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Sibo Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weicheng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Yijing Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Ning Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Kexun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Tao Qing
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Ziyu Yuan
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Kelin Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weimin Ye
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xingdong Chen
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Suo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, China
| | - Witold R. Rudnicki
- Institute of Computer Science, University in Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
- Computational Centre, University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
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11
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Sasa GBK, Xuan C, Chen M, Jiang Z, Ding X. Clinicopathological implications of lncRNAs, immunotherapy and DNA methylation in lung squamous cell carcinoma: a narrative review. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:5406-5429. [PMID: 35116387 PMCID: PMC8799054 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the clinicopathological impact of lncRNAs, immunotherapy, and DNA methylation in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), emphasizing their exact roles in carcinogenesis and modes of action. Background LUSC is the second most prevalent form, accounting for around 30% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To date, molecular-targeted treatments have significantly improved overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients but have had little effect on LUSC therapy. As a result, there is an urgent need to discover new treatments for LUSC that are based on existing genomic methods. Methods In this review, we summarized and analyzed recent research on the biological activities and processes of lncRNA, immunotherapy, and DNA methylation in the formation of LUSC. The relevant studies were retrieved using a thorough search of Pubmed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and the university's online library, among other sources. Conclusions LncRNAs are the primary components of the mammalian transcriptome and are emerging as master regulators of a number of cellular processes, including the cell cycle, differentiation, apoptosis, and growth, and are implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of cancers, including LUSC. Understanding their role in LUSC in detail may help develop innovative treatment methods and tactics for LUSC. Meanwhile, immunotherapy has transformed the LUSC treatment and is now considered the new standard of care. To get a better knowledge of LUSC biology, it is critical to develop superior modeling systems. Preclinical models, particularly those that resemble human illness by preserving the tumor immune environment, are essential for studying cancer progression and evaluating novel treatment targets. DNA methylation, similarly, is a component of epigenetic alterations that regulate cellular function and contribute to cancer development. By methylating the promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes, abnormal DNA methylation silences their expression. DNA methylation indicators are critical in the early detection of lung cancer, predicting therapy efficacy, and tracking treatment resistance. As such, this review seeks to explore the clinicopathological impact of lncRNAs, immunotherapy, and DNA methylation in LUSC, emphasizing their exact roles in carcinogenesis and modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel B K Sasa
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Xuan
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiyue Chen
- The fourth affiliated hospital, Zhejiang University of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenggang Jiang
- Department of Science Research and Information Management, Zhejiang Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianfeng Ding
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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van Duijvenvoorde M, Derks S, Bahce I, Leemans CR, van de Ven R, Fransen MF. Comparison of the tumor microenvironments of squamous cell carcinoma at different anatomical locations within the upper aerodigestive tract in relation to response to ICI therapy. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1363. [PMID: 35035956 PMCID: PMC8747970 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has improved treatment outcomes in many cancer types and has focused attention on cancer immunity and the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Studies into efficacy of immunotherapy and TME are generally restricted to tumors in one anatomical location, while the histological type may have substantial influence on the contexture of the TME, perhaps more so than anatomical location, and subsequently to the response to immunotherapy. This review aims to focus on the TME in ICI‐treated tumors of the same histological type, namely carcinogen‐induced squamous cell carcinoma developing within the aerodigestive tract, at three locations, i.e. head and neck (HNSCC), esophagus (ESCC) and lung (LUSC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice van Duijvenvoorde
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam The Netherlands.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Derks
- Department of Medical Oncology Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Idris Bahce
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - C René Leemans
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Rieneke van de Ven
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Marieke F Fransen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam The Netherlands
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13
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Cho-Clark MJ, Sukumar G, Vidal NM, Raiciulescu S, Oyola MG, Olsen C, Mariño-Ramírez L, Dalgard CL, Wu TJ. Comparative transcriptome analysis between patient and endometrial cancer cell lines to determine common signaling pathways and markers linked to cancer progression. Oncotarget 2021; 12:2500-2513. [PMID: 34966482 PMCID: PMC8711572 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising incidence and mortality of endometrial cancer (EC) in the United States calls for an improved understanding of the disease's progression. Current methodologies for diagnosis and treatment rely on the use of cell lines as models for tumor biology. However, due to inherent heterogeneity and differential growing environments between cell lines and tumors, these comparative studies have found little parallels in molecular signatures. As a consequence, the development and discovery of preclinical models and reliable drug targets are delayed. In this study, we established transcriptome parallels between cell lines and tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) with the use of optimized normalization methods. We identified genes and signaling pathways associated with regulating the transformation and progression of EC. Specifically, the LXR/RXR activation, neuroprotective role for THOP1 in Alzheimer's disease, and glutamate receptor signaling pathways were observed to be mostly downregulated in advanced cancer stage. While some of these highlighted markers and signaling pathways are commonly found in the central nervous system (CNS), our results suggest a novel function of these genes in the periphery. Finally, our study underscores the value of implementing appropriate normalization methods in comparative studies to improve the identification of accurate and reliable markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelaine J. Cho-Clark
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery & Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Gauthaman Sukumar
- Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Newton Medeiros Vidal
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Sorana Raiciulescu
- Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Mario G. Oyola
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery & Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Cara Olsen
- Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Leonardo Mariño-Ramírez
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Clifton L. Dalgard
- Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - T. John Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery & Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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14
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Sahgal P, Huffman BM, Patil DT, Chatila WK, Yaeger R, Cleary JM, Sethi NS. Early TP53 Alterations Shape Gastric and Esophageal Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5915. [PMID: 34885025 PMCID: PMC8657039 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric and esophageal (GE) adenocarcinomas are the third and sixth most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, accounting for greater than 1.25 million annual deaths. Despite the advancements in the multi-disciplinary treatment approaches, the prognosis for patients with GE adenocarcinomas remains poor, with a 5-year survival of 32% and 19%, respectively, mainly due to the late-stage diagnosis and aggressive nature of these cancers. Premalignant lesions characterized by atypical glandular proliferation, with neoplastic cells confined to the basement membrane, often precede malignant disease. We now appreciate that premalignant lesions also carry cancer-associated mutations, enabling disease progression in the right environmental context. A better understanding of the premalignant-to-malignant transition can help us diagnose, prevent, and treat GE adenocarcinoma. Here, we discuss the evidence suggesting that alterations in TP53 occur early in GE adenocarcinoma evolution, are selected for under environmental stressors, are responsible for shaping the genomic mechanisms for pathway dysregulation in cancer progression, and lead to potential vulnerabilities that can be exploited by a specific class of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranshu Sahgal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (P.S.); (B.M.H.); (J.M.C.)
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Brandon M. Huffman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (P.S.); (B.M.H.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Deepa T. Patil
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Walid K. Chatila
- Tri-Institutional Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA;
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rona Yaeger
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - James M. Cleary
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (P.S.); (B.M.H.); (J.M.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nilay S. Sethi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (P.S.); (B.M.H.); (J.M.C.)
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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15
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Karakasheva TA, Kijima T, Shimonosono M, Maekawa H, Sahu V, Gabre JT, Cruz-Acuña R, Giroux V, Sangwan V, Whelan KA, Natsugoe S, Yoon AJ, Philipone E, Klein-Szanto AJ, Ginsberg GG, Falk GW, Abrams JA, Que J, Basu D, Ferri L, Diehl JA, Bass AJ, Wang TC, Rustgi AK, Nakagawa H. Generation and Characterization of Patient-Derived Head and Neck, Oral, and Esophageal Cancer Organoids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 53:e109. [PMID: 32294323 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancers comprise adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, two distinct histologic subtypes. Both are difficult to treat and among the deadliest human malignancies. We describe protocols to initiate, grow, passage, and characterize patient-derived organoids (PDO) of esophageal cancers, as well as squamous cell carcinomas of oral/head-and-neck and anal origin. Formed rapidly (<14 days) from a single-cell suspension embedded in basement membrane matrix, esophageal cancer PDO recapitulate the histology of the original tumors. Additionally, we provide guidelines for morphological analyses and drug testing coupled with functional assessment of cell response to conventional chemotherapeutics and other pharmacological agents in concert with emerging automated imaging platforms. Predicting drug sensitivity and potential therapy resistance mechanisms in a moderate-to-high throughput manner, esophageal cancer PDO are highly translatable in personalized medicine for customized esophageal cancer treatments. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Protocol 1: Generation of esophageal cancer PDO Basic Protocol 2: Propagation and cryopreservation of esophageal cancer PDO Basic Protocol 3: Imaged-based monitoring of organoid size and growth kinetics Basic Protocol 4: Harvesting esophageal cancer PDO for histological analyses Basic Protocol 5: PDO content analysis by flow cytometry Basic Protocol 6: Evaluation of drug response with determination of the half-inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) Support Protocol: Production of RN in HEK293T cell conditioned medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Karakasheva
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Epithelial Biology Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Takashi Kijima
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Masataka Shimonosono
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Hisatsugu Maekawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Varun Sahu
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Joel T Gabre
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ricardo Cruz-Acuña
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Veronique Giroux
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Veena Sangwan
- Department of Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kelly A Whelan
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shoji Natsugoe
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Angela J Yoon
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology and Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth Philipone
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology and Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Gregory G Ginsberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gary W Falk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julian A Abrams
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jianwen Que
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Devraj Basu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lorenzo Ferri
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Alan Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Adam J Bass
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Broad Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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16
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Llamazares-Prada M, Espinet E, Mijošek V, Schwartz U, Lutsik P, Tamas R, Richter M, Behrendt A, Pohl ST, Benz NP, Muley T, Warth A, Heußel CP, Winter H, Landry JJM, Herth FJ, Mertens TC, Karmouty-Quintana H, Koch I, Benes V, Korbel JO, Waszak SM, Trumpp A, Wyatt DM, Stahl HF, Plass C, Jurkowska RZ. Versatile workflow for cell type-resolved transcriptional and epigenetic profiles from cryopreserved human lung. JCI Insight 2021; 6:140443. [PMID: 33630765 PMCID: PMC8026197 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexity of lung microenvironment and changes in cellular composition during disease make it exceptionally hard to understand molecular mechanisms driving development of chronic lung diseases. Although recent advances in cell type-resolved approaches hold great promise for studying complex diseases, their implementation relies on local access to fresh tissue, as traditional tissue storage methods do not allow viable cell isolation. To overcome these hurdles, we developed a versatile workflow that allows storage of lung tissue with high viability, permits thorough sample quality check before cell isolation, and befits sequencing-based profiling. We demonstrate that cryopreservation enables isolation of multiple cell types from both healthy and diseased lungs. Basal cells from cryopreserved airways retain their differentiation ability, indicating that cellular identity is not altered by cryopreservation. Importantly, using RNA sequencing and EPIC Array, we show that gene expression and DNA methylation signatures are preserved upon cryopreservation, emphasizing the suitability of our workflow for omics profiling of lung cells. Moreover, we obtained high-quality single-cell RNA-sequencing data of cells from cryopreserved human lungs, demonstrating that cryopreservation empowers single-cell approaches. Overall, thanks to its simplicity, our workflow is well suited for prospective tissue collection by academic collaborators and biobanks, opening worldwide access to viable human tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Espinet
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Pavlo Lutsik
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, DKFZ, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center, Member of the DZL, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arne Warth
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Peter Heußel
- Translational Lung Research Center, Member of the DZL, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Translational Lung Research Center, Member of the DZL, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Felix J.F. Herth
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine and Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tinne C.J. Mertens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Ina Koch
- Asklepios Biobank for Lung Diseases, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Asklepios Fachkliniken München-Gauting, DZL, Gauting, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Heiko F. Stahl
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, DKFZ, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renata Z. Jurkowska
- BioMed X Institute, Heidelberg, Germany
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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17
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Southekal S, Mishra NK, Guda C. Pan-Cancer Analysis of Human Kinome Gene Expression and Promoter DNA Methylation Identifies Dark Kinase Biomarkers in Multiple Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061189. [PMID: 33801837 PMCID: PMC8001681 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinases are a group of intracellular signaling molecules that play critical roles in various biological processes. Even though kinases comprise one of the most well-known therapeutic targets, many have been understudied and therefore warrant further investigation. DNA methylation is one of the key epigenetic regulators that modulate gene expression. In this study, the human kinome's DNA methylation and gene expression patterns were analyzed using the level-3 TCGA data for 32 cancers. Unsupervised clustering based on kinome data revealed the grouping of cancers based on their organ level and tissue type. We further observed significant differences in overall kinase methylation levels (hyper- and hypomethylation) between the tumor and adjacent normal samples from the same tissue. Methylation expression quantitative trait loci (meQTL) analysis using kinase gene expression with the corresponding methylated probes revealed a highly significant and mostly negative association (~92%) within 1.5 kb from the transcription start site (TSS). Several understudied (dark) kinases (PKMYT1, PNCK, BRSK2, ERN2, STK31, STK32A, and MAPK4) were also identified with a significant role in patient survival. This study leverages results from multi-omics data to identify potential kinase markers of prognostic and diagnostic importance and further our understanding of kinases in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chittibabu Guda
- Correspondence: (N.K.M.); (C.G.); Tel.: +1-402-559-5954 (C.G.)
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18
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Fekete JT, Welker Á, Győrffy B. miRNA Expression Signatures of Therapy Response in Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010063. [PMID: 33379285 PMCID: PMC7794682 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary miRNAs play role in various diseases and can also modulate therapy response. Our aim was to identify predictive miRNAs in platinum treated squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Using a set of 266 squamous cancer samples we uncovered 16, 103, and 9 miRNAs correlated to chemotherapy response in the cervical, head and neck, and lung squamous cell carcinomas, respectively. By employing a logistic regression model, a signature comprising a set of six miRNAs was established capable to predict chemotherapy response with an AUC of 0.897. Our results show common molecular features of SCC tumors and pinpoint the most important miRNAs related to treatment outcome. Abstract Introduction: Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are a major subgroup of malignant tumors with a platinum-based first-line systematic chemotherapy. miRNAs play a role in various diseases and modulate therapy response as well. The aim of this study was to identify predictive miRNAs in platinum-treated SCCs. Methods: miRNA expression data of platinum-treated head and neck (HNSC), cervical (CESC) and lung (LUSC) cancer were collected from the TCGA repositories. Treatment response was defined based on presence or absence of disease progression at 18 months. Responder and nonresponder cohorts were compared using Mann–Whitney and Receiver Operating Characteristic tests. Logistic regression was developed to establish a predictive miRNA signature. Significance was set at FDR < 5%. Results: The integrated database includes 266 SCC patient samples with platinum-based therapy and available follow-up. We uncovered 16, 103, and 9 miRNAs correlated to chemotherapy response in the CESC, HNSC, and LUSC cohorts, respectively. Eight miRNAs overlapped between the CESC and HNSC subgroups, and three miRNAs overlapped between the LUSC and HNSC subgroups. We established a logistic regression model in HNSC and CESC which included six miRNAs: hsa-miR-5586 (Exp (B): 2.94, p = 0.001), hsa-miR-632 (Exp (B): 10.75, p = 0.002), hsa-miR-2355 (Exp (B): 0.48, p = 0.004), hsa-miR-642a (Exp (B): 2.22, p = 0.01), hsa-miR-101-2 (Exp (B): 0.39, p = 0.013) and hsa-miR-6728 (Exp (B): 0.21, p = 0.016). The model using these miRNAs was able to predict chemotherapy resistance with an AUC of 0.897. Conclusions: We performed an analysis of RNA-seq data of squamous cell carcinomas samples and identified significant miRNAs correlated to the response against platinum-based therapy in cervical, head and neck, and lung tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Tibor Fekete
- Department of Bioinformatics and 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary;
- Research Center for Natural Sciences, Momentum Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ágnes Welker
- Research Center for Natural Sciences, Momentum Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics and 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary;
- Research Center for Natural Sciences, Momentum Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
- Correspondence:
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19
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Kang YK, Min B. SETDB1 Overexpression Sets an Intertumoral Transcriptomic Divergence in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Front Genet 2020; 11:573515. [PMID: 33343623 PMCID: PMC7738479 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.573515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing volume of evidence suggests that SETDB1 plays a role in the tumorigenesis of various cancers, classifying SETDB1 as an oncoprotein. However, owing to its numerous protein partners and their global-scale effects, the molecular mechanism underlying SETDB1-involved oncogenesis remains ambiguous. In this study, using public transcriptome data of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC), we compared tumors with high-level SETDB1 (SH) and those with low-level SETDB1 (comparable with normal samples; SL). The results of principal component analysis revealed a transcriptomic distinction and divergence between the SH and SL samples in both ADCs and SCCs. The results of gene set enrichment analysis indicated that genes involved in the “epithelial–mesenchymal transition,” “innate immune response,” and “autoimmunity” collections were significantly depleted in SH tumors, whereas those involved in “RNA interference” collections were enriched. Chromatin-modifying genes were highly expressed in SH tumors, and the variance in their expression was incomparably high in SCC-SH, which suggested greater heterogeneity within SCC tumors. DNA methyltransferase genes were also overrepresented in SH samples, and most differentially methylated CpGs (SH/SL) were undermethylated in a highly biased manner in ADCs. We identified interesting molecular signatures associated with the possible roles of SETDB1 in lung cancer. We expect these SETDB1-associated molecular signatures to facilitate the development of biologically relevant targeted therapies for particular types of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Kook Kang
- Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Byungkuk Min
- Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
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20
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the precursor lesion and a major risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Although patients with BE undergo routine endoscopic surveillance, current screening methodologies have proven ineffective at identifying individuals at risk of EAC. Since microRNAs (miRNAs) have potential diagnostic and prognostic value as disease biomarkers, we sought to identify an miRNA signature of BE and EAC. METHODS: High-throughput sequencing of miRNAs was performed on serum and tissue biopsies from 31 patients identified either as normal, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), BE, BE with low-grade dysplasia (LGD), or EAC. Logistic regression modeling of miRNA profiles with Lasso regularization was used to identify discriminating miRNA. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to validate changes in miRNA expression using 46 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens obtained from normal, GERD, BE, BE with LGD or HGD, and EAC subjects. RESULTS: A 3-class predictive model was able to classify tissue samples into normal, GERD/BE, or LGD/EAC classes with an accuracy of 80%. Sixteen miRNAs were identified that predicted 1 of the 3 classes. Our analysis confirmed previous reports indicating that miR-29c-3p and miR-193b-5p expressions are altered in BE and EAC and identified miR-4485-5p as a novel biomarker of esophageal dysplasia. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction validated 11 of 16 discriminating miRNAs. DISCUSSION: Our data provide an miRNA signature of normal, precancerous, and cancerous tissue that may stratify patients at risk of progressing to EAC. We found that serum miRNAs have a limited ability to distinguish between disease states, thus limiting their potential utility in early disease detection.
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21
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Tsirvouli E, Touré V, Niederdorfer B, Vázquez M, Flobak Å, Kuiper M. A Middle-Out Modeling Strategy to Extend a Colon Cancer Logical Model Improves Drug Synergy Predictions in Epithelial-Derived Cancer Cell Lines. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:502573. [PMID: 33195403 PMCID: PMC7581946 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.502573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous and complex disease and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The high tumor heterogeneity between individuals affected by the same cancer type is accompanied by distinct molecular and phenotypic tumor profiles and variation in drug treatment response. In silico modeling of cancer as an aberrantly regulated system of interacting signaling molecules provides a basis to enhance our biological understanding of disease progression, and it offers the means to use computer simulations to test and optimize drug therapy designs on particular cancer types and subtypes. This sets the stage for precision medicine: the design of treatments tailored to individuals or groups of patients based on their tumor-specific molecular cancer profiles. Here, we show how a relatively large manually curated logical model can be efficiently enhanced further by including components highlighted by a multi-omics data analysis of data from Consensus Molecular Subtypes covering colorectal cancer. The model expansion was performed in a pathway-centric manner, following a partitioning of the model into functional subsystems, named modules. The resulting approach constitutes a middle-out modeling strategy enabling a data-driven expansion of a model from a generic and intermediate level of molecular detail to a model better covering relevant processes that are affected in specific cancer subtypes, comprising 183 biological entities and 603 interactions between them, partitioned in 25 functional modules of varying size and structure. We tested this model for its ability to correctly predict drug combination synergies, against a dataset of experimentally determined cell growth responses with 18 drugs in all combinations, on eight cancer cell lines. The results indicate that the extended model had an improved accuracy for drug synergy prediction for the majority of the experimentally tested cancer cell lines, although significant improvements of the model's predictive performance are still needed. Our study demonstrates how a tumor-data driven middle-out approach toward refining a logical model of a biological system can further customize a computer model to represent specific cancer cell lines and provide a basis for identifying synergistic effects of drugs targeting specific regulatory proteins. This approach bridges between preclinical cancer model data and clinical patient data and may thereby ultimately be of help to develop patient-specific in silico models that can steer treatment decisions in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Tsirvouli
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vasundra Touré
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Barbara Niederdorfer
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Miguel Vázquez
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Åsmund Flobak
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- The Cancer Clinic, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Kuiper
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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22
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Maurer A, Ortiz-Bruechle N, Guricova K, Rose M, Morsch R, Garczyk S, Stöhr R, Bertz S, Golz R, Reis H, Bremmer F, Zimpfer A, Siegert S, Kristiansen G, Schwamborn K, Gassler N, Knuechel R, Gaisa NT. Comparative genomic profiling of glandular bladder tumours. Virchows Arch 2020; 477:445-454. [PMID: 32198650 PMCID: PMC7443184 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Primary glandular bladder tumours (bladder adenocarcinoma [BAC], urachal adenocarcinoma [UAC], urothelial carcinoma with glandular differentiation [UCg]) are rare malignancies with histological resemblance to colorectal adenocarcinoma (CORAD) in the majority of this subgroup. Definite case numbers are very low, molecular data are limited and the pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study was designed to complement current knowledge by in depth analysis of BAC (n = 12), UAC (n = 13), UCg (n = 11) and non-invasive glandular lesions (n = 19). In BAC, in addition to known alterations in TP53, Wnt, MAP kinase and MTOR pathway, mutations in SMAD4, ARID1A and BRAF were identified. Compared to published data on muscle invasive bladder cancer (BLCA) and CORAD, UCg exhibited frequent "urothelial" like alterations while BAC and UAC were characterised by a more "colorectal" like mutational pattern. Immunohistochemically, there was no evidence of DNA mismatch repair deficiency or PD-L1 tumour cell positivity in any sample. Depending on the used antibody 0-45% of BAC, 0-30% of UCg and 0% UAC cases exhibited PD-L1 expressing tumour associated immune cells. A single BAC (9%, 1/11) showed evidence of ARID1A protein loss, and two cases of UCg (20%, 2/10) showed loss of SMARCA1 and PBRM1, respectively. Taken together, our data suggest at least in part involvement of similar pathways driving tumourigenesis of adenocarcinomas like BAC, UAC and CORAD independent of their tissue origin. Alterations of TERT and FBXW7 in single cases of intestinal metaplasia further point towards a possible precancerous character in line with previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadina Ortiz-Bruechle
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karolina Guricova
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Rose
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ronja Morsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Garczyk
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Stöhr
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Bertz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Golz
- Institute of Pathology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Henning Reis
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Felix Bremmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annette Zimpfer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Nikolaus Gassler
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Section Pathology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ruth Knuechel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadine T Gaisa
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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23
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Wu Z, Wang YM, Dai Y, Chen LA. POLE2 Serves as a Prognostic Biomarker and Is Associated with Immune Infiltration in Squamous Cell Lung Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e921430. [PMID: 32304567 PMCID: PMC7191965 DOI: 10.12659/msm.921430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Squamous cell lung cancer is the main cause of cancer-associated mortality. The discovery of promising prognostic biomarkers for predicting the survival of patients with squamous cell lung cancer remains a challenge. Material/Methods Gene expression profiles of GSE33479 and GSE51855, including 42 squamous cell lung cancer tissues and 17 normal tissues, from the GEO database were assessed to find common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) via the GEO2R online tool and Venn diagram software. Then, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway analyses were conducted. The key protein-protein interaction (PPI) network within those common DEGs was subsequently illustrated through a combination of Search Tool for Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and Cytoscape software. Finally, core genes associated with survival and levels of immune infiltration were demonstrated by the Kaplan-Meier plotter and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) online database, respectively. Results In total, 483 DEGs were involved, including 216 upregulated genes enriched in “cell division”, “DNA replication”, and “DNA repair pathway” and 267 downregulated genes enriched in “cell adhesion”, “oxidation-reduction process”, and “cell-cell signaling”. The 75 core genes were selected by Molecular Complex Detection applied in Cytoscape. Four genes – MND1, FOXM1, CDC6, and POLE2 – were found to be significantly associated with survival. Further analysis of the KEEG pathway and TIMER database revealed that only POLE2 was enriched in “DNA replication” and its higher expression was negatively associated with survival and immune infiltration. Conclusions Higher expression of POLE2 is a prognosis-related biomarker for worse survival and is negatively associated with immune infiltration in squamous cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wu
- Respiratory Department, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yue-Ming Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Dai
- Respiratory Department, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Liang-An Chen
- Respiratory Department, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland).,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Beijing, China (mainland)
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24
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Rotman J, Heeren AM, Gassama AA, Lougheed SM, Pocorni N, Stam AGM, Bleeker MCG, Zijlmans HJMAA, Mom CH, Kenter GG, Jordanova ES, de Gruijl TD. Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Cervix Shows Impaired Recruitment of cDC1 and CD8 + T Cells and Elevated β-Catenin Activation Compared with Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3791-3802. [PMID: 32220890 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix is the second most common type of cervical cancer after squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Although both subtypes are treated similarly, patients with adenocarcinoma have a worse prognosis. In this study, immunologic features of the tumor microenvironment in these two subsets were pursued with potential therapeutic implications. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The immune microenvironment of primary tumors and nonmetastatic tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) was compared between patients with cervical adenocarcinoma (n = 16) and SCC (n = 20) by polychromatic flow cytometry and by transcriptional profiling of the primary tumors (n = 299) using publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RESULTS Flow cytometric analyses revealed intact T-cell differentiation in TDLNs, but hampered effector T-cell trafficking to the primary tumors in adenocarcinoma, as compared with SCC. TCGA analysis demonstrated higher expression of chemokines involved in effector T-cell homing (CXCL9/10/11) in SCC primary tumors as compared with adenocarcinoma primary tumors, which was highly correlated to a transcriptional signature for type I conventional dendritic cells (cDC1). This was consistent with elevated frequencies of CD141/BDCA3+cDC1 in primary tumor SCC samples relative to adenocarcinoma and correspondingly elevated levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 in 24-hour ex vivo cultures. Hampered cDC1 recruitment in adenocarcinoma was in turn related to lower transcript levels of cDC1-recruiting chemokines and an elevated β-catenin activation score and was associated with poor overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Our data have identified an opportunity for the investigation of potentially novel therapeutic interventions in adenocarcinoma of the cervix, that is, β-catenin inhibition and cDC1 mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jossie Rotman
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Marijne Heeren
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Awa A Gassama
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sinead M Lougheed
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Noëlle Pocorni
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anita G M Stam
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike C G Bleeker
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henry J M A A Zijlmans
- Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AVL), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Constantijne H Mom
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gemma G Kenter
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AVL), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina S Jordanova
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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25
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David JK, Maden SK, Weeder BR, Thompson R, Nellore A. Putatively cancer-specific exon-exon junctions are shared across patients and present in developmental and other non-cancer cells. NAR Cancer 2020; 2:zcaa001. [PMID: 34316681 PMCID: PMC8209686 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study probes the distribution of putatively cancer-specific junctions across a broad set of publicly available non-cancer human RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets. We compared cancer and non-cancer RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Project and the Sequence Read Archive. We found that (i) averaging across cancer types, 80.6% of exon-exon junctions thought to be cancer-specific based on comparison with tissue-matched samples (σ = 13.0%) are in fact present in other adult non-cancer tissues throughout the body; (ii) 30.8% of junctions not present in any GTEx or TCGA normal tissues are shared by multiple samples within at least one cancer type cohort, and 87.4% of these distinguish between different cancer types; and (iii) many of these junctions not found in GTEx or TCGA normal tissues (15.4% on average, σ = 2.4%) are also found in embryological and other developmentally associated cells. These findings refine the meaning of RNA splicing event novelty, particularly with respect to the human neoepitope repertoire. Ultimately, cancer-specific exon-exon junctions may have a substantial causal relationship with the biology of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne K David
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sean K Maden
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Benjamin R Weeder
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Reid F Thompson
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Portland VA Research Foundation, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Hospital and Specialty Medicine, VA Portland Healthcare System, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Abhinav Nellore
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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26
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Li R, Yin YH, Jin J, Liu X, Zhang MY, Yang YE, Qu YQ. Integrative analysis of DNA methylation-driven genes for the prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma using MethylMix. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:773-786. [PMID: 32218699 PMCID: PMC7085273 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.43272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: DNA methylation acts as a key component in epigenetic modifications of genomic function and functions as disease-specific prognostic biomarkers for lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). This present study aimed to identify methylation-driven genes as prognostic biomarkers for LUSC using bioinformatics analysis. Materials and Methods: Differentially expressed RNAs were obtained using the edge R package from 502 LUSC tissues and 49 adjacent non-LUSC tissues. Differentially methylated genes were obtained using the limma R package from 504 LUSC tissues and 69 adjacent non-LUSC tissues. The methylation-driven genes were obtained using the MethylMix R package from 500 LUSC tissues with matched DNA methylation data and gene expression data and 69 non-LUSC tissues with DNA methylation data. Gene ontology and ConsensusPathDB pathway analysis were performed to analyze the functional enrichment of methylation-driven genes. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the independent effect of differentially methylated genes for predicting the prognosis of LUSC. Results: A total of 44 methylation-driven genes were obtained. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that twelve aberrant methylated genes (ATP6V0CP3, AGGF1P3, RP11-264L1.4, HIST1H4K, LINC01158, CH17-140K24.1, CTC-523E23.14, ADCYAP1, COX11P1, TRIM58, FOXD4L6, CBLN1) were entered into a Cox predictive model associated with overall survival in LUSC patients. Methylation and gene expression combined survival analysis showed that the survival rate of hypermethylation and low-expression of DQX1 and WDR61 were low. The expression of DQX1 had a significantly negatively correlated with the methylation site cg02034222. Conclusion: Methylation-driven genes DQX1 and WDR61 might be potential biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yun-Hong Yin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jia Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhangqiu District People's Hospital of Jinan, 250200, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Meng-Yu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yi-E Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yi-Qing Qu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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27
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Diagnostic Algorithmic Proposal Based on Comprehensive Immunohistochemical Evaluation of 297 Invasive Endocervical Adenocarcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol 2019; 42:989-1000. [PMID: 29851704 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification was developed to separate endocervical adenocarcinomas (ECAs) into 2 main categories on the basis of morphology such as human papilloma virus-associated (HPVA) and non-human papilloma virus-associated adenocarcinomas. We aimed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification by performing a comprehensive immunohistochemical evaluation and constructing objective immunohistochemical-based algorithms for the classification of these tumors. Tissue microarrays were constructed from 297 of 409 cases used to develop the original classification. Immunostains included p16, p53, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, androgen receptor, Vimentin, CK7, CK20, HER2, HIK1083, MUC6, CA-IX, SATB2, HNF-1beta, napsin A, PAX8, CDX2, GATA3, p63, p40, and TTF-1. High-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) was detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) using probes against E6 and E7 mRNA expressed in 18 different virus types. Vimentin, ER, and progesterone receptor were expressed in a significant minority of ECAs, mostly HPVAs, limiting their use in differential diagnosis of endometrioid carcinoma when unaccompanied by HPV-ISH or p16. HR-HPV ISH had superior sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values compared with p16, as published previously. HNF-1beta did not have the anticipated discriminatory power for clear cell carcinoma, nor did MUC6 or CA-IX for gastric-type carcinoma. HNF-1beta and napsin A were variably expressed in clear cell carcinoma, with HNF-1beta demonstrating less specificity, as it was ubiquitously expressed in gastric-type carcinoma and in the majority of HPV-associated mucinous (predominantly intestinal-type and invasive ECA resembling stratified mucin-producing intraepithelial lesion [iSMILE]) and usual-type carcinomas. HIK1083 was expressed in nearly half of gastric-type carcinomas, but not in the vast majority of other subtypes. GATA3 was positive in 10% of usual-type adenocarcinomas and in single examples of other subtypes. Rare gastric-type and HPVA mucinous carcinomas displayed HER2 overexpression. Androgen receptor was positive in 6% of usual-type adenocarcinomas. Aberrant p53 expression was found in only 3.6% of usual-type HPVA carcinomas, but it was more prevalent in mucinous (intestinal type and iSMILE) HPVAs and non-human papilloma virus-associates (particularly in gastric-type carcinoma, >50% of cases). The following diagnostic classification algorithms were developed with the above data. Carcinomas without overt cytoplasmic mucin (endometrioid, usual-type endocervical, clear cell, and mesonephric carcinomas) can be subclassified using HR-HPV ISH, ER, and GATA3, whereas carcinomas with easily appreciated cytoplasmic mucin (endometrioid carcinoma with mucinous features, HPVA mucinous, and gastric-type carcinomas) can be subclassified with HR-HPV ISH and ER.
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28
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Systematic Analysis of Gene Expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma with a Case Study of FAM83A and FAM83B. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060886. [PMID: 31242643 PMCID: PMC6627508 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In our previous study, we constructed a Lung Cancer Explorer (LCE) database housing lung cancer-specific expression data and clinical data from over 6700 patients in 56 studies. Methods: Using this dataset of the largest collection of lung cancer gene expression along with our meta-analysis method, we systematically interrogated the association between gene expression and overall survival as well as the expression difference between tumor and normal (adjacent non-malignant tissue) samples in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC). A case study for FAM83A and FAM83B was performed as a demonstration for hypothesis testing with our database. Results: We showed that the reproducibility of results across studies varied by histological subtype and analysis type. Genes and pathways unique or common to the two histological subtypes were identified and the results were integrated into LCE to facilitate user exploration. In our case study, we verified the findings from a previous study on FAM83A and FAM83B in non-small cell lung cancer. Conclusions: This study used gene expression data from a large cohort of patients to explore the molecular differences between lung ADC and SQCC.
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Mohindra P, Sawant A, Griffin RJ, Lamichhane N, Vlashi E, Xu‐Welliver M, Dominello M, Joiner MC, Burmeister J. Three discipline collaborative radiation therapy (3DCRT) special debate: I would treat all early-stage NSCLC patients with SBRT. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2019; 20:7-13. [PMID: 30793828 PMCID: PMC6414141 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pranshu Mohindra
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Amit Sawant
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Robert J. Griffin
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA
| | - Narottam Lamichhane
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Erina Vlashi
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Meng Xu‐Welliver
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe James Cancer CenterOhio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Michael Dominello
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Michael C. Joiner
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Jay Burmeister
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
- Gershenson Radiation Oncology CenterBarbara Ann Karmanos Cancer InstituteDetroitMIUSA
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Hu W, Yang Y, Ge W, Zheng S. Deciphering molecular properties of hypermutated gastrointestinal cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:370-379. [PMID: 30381870 PMCID: PMC6307802 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Great mutational heterogeneity is observed both across cancer types (>1000-fold) and within a given cancer type, with a fraction harboring >10 mutations per million bases, thus termed hypermutation. We determined the genome-wide effects of high mutation load on the transcriptome and methylome of two cancer types; namely, colorectal cancer (CRC) and stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). Briefly, hierarchical clustering of the expression and methylation profiles showed that the majority of CRC and STAD hypermutated samples were mixed and separated from their respective non-hypermutated samples, exceeding the boundary of tissue specificity. Further in-detailed exploration uncovered that the underlying molecular mechanism may be related to the perturbation of chromatin remodeling genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangxiong Hu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetics, Ministry of Education, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiting Ge
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu Zheng
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
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31
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Seo JS, Kim A, Shin JY, Kim YT. Comprehensive analysis of the tumor immune micro-environment in non-small cell lung cancer for efficacy of checkpoint inhibitor. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14576. [PMID: 30275546 PMCID: PMC6167371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the molecular immune subtype and micro-environment of lung cancer is necessary to understand immunogenic interactions between infiltrating immune and stromal cells, and how tumor cells overcome immune checkpoint blockades. This study seeks to identify computational methodologies for subtyping gene expression-based tumor-immune micro-environment interactions, which differentiate non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) into immune-defective and immune-competent subtypes. Here, 101 lung squamous cell carcinomas (LUSCs) and 87 lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) tumor samples have been analyzed. Several micro-environmental factors differentially induce LUAD or LUSC immune subtypes, as well as immune checkpoint expression. In particular, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are key immune cells play a vital role in inflammation and cancer micro-environments of LUSCs; whereas, regulatory B cells are immunosuppressive and tumorigenic in LUADs. Additionally, cytolytic activity upon CD8+ T cell activation is decreased by the abundance of B cells and macrophages in immune-competent subtypes. Therefore, identifying immune subtypes in lung cancer and their impact on tumor micro-environment will lead to clinical tools for assessing LUADs and LUSCs in patients, as well as maximize the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Sun Seo
- Precision Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnamsi, 13605, Korea. .,Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Macrogen Inc., Seoul, 08511, Korea.
| | - Ahreum Kim
- Precision Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnamsi, 13605, Korea.,Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeon Shin
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Macrogen Inc., Seoul, 08511, Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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Tan J, Yang L. Long noncoding RNA VPS9D1-AS1 overexpression predicts a poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1600-1606. [PMID: 30119235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been reported to play vital roles in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recently, LncRNA/VPS9D1-AS1 has been reported to be overexpressed in various cancers. In this study, we aimed to investigate its expression pattern and clinical significance and further evaluate its prognostic value for NSCLC. VPS9D1-AS1 expression was examined in 184 NSCLC patients using a highly sensitive in situ hybridization protocol (RNAscope), and the expression values were correlated with the clinicopathological features. Another cohort including 12 NSCLC patients was used to validate the differential expression of VPS9D1-AS1 by qRT-PCR. TCGA datasets were further used to validate the main findings. We found that the levels of VPS9D1-AS1 were significantly higher in cancer tissues than in paired normal tissues from both lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC) (P < 0.001). Importantly, the levels of VPS9D1-AS1 in patients with lung SCC were significantly higher than those in patients with lung ADC. The high levels of VPS9D1-AS1 were found to be associated with cancer lymph node metastasis (P = 0.020). Prognostic analysis revealed that the survival time for SCC patients with high levels of VPS9D1-AS1 was significantly shorter than that of patients with low levels of VPS9D1-AS1 (P = 0.007). Therefore, our findings suggest that the overexpression of VPS9D1-AS1 serves as a promising biomarker to predict the prognosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Tan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University & Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.
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Huang X, Zhang H, Guo X, Zhu Z, Cai H, Kong X. Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:88. [PMID: 29954406 PMCID: PMC6025799 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) plays essential roles in embryogenesis and carcinogenesis. IGF2BP1 serves as a post-transcriptional fine-tuner regulating the expression of some essential mRNA targets required for the control of tumor cell proliferation and growth, invasion, and chemo-resistance, associating with a poor overall survival and metastasis in various types of human cancers. Therefore, IGF2BP1 has been traditionally regarded as an oncogene and potential therapeutic target for cancers. Nevertheless, a few studies have also demonstrated its tumor-suppressive role. However, the details about the contradictory functions of IGF2BP1 are unclear. The growing numbers of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as its direct regulators, during tumor cell proliferation, growth, and invasion in multiple cancers. Thus, the mechanisms of post-transcriptional modulation of gene expression mediated by IGF2BP1, miRNAs, and lncRNAs in determining the fate of the development of tissues and organs, as well as tumorigenesis, need to be elucidated. In this review, we summarized the tissue distribution, expression, and roles of IGF2BP1 in embryogenesis and tumorigenesis, and focused on modulation of the interconnectivity between IGF2BP1 and its targeted mRNAs or non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). The potential use of inhibitors of IGF2BP1 and its related pathways in cancer therapy was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming City, 650504, Yunnan Province, China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming City, 650504, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu City, 610500, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaoran Guo
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming City, 650504, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zongxin Zhu
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming City, 650504, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Haibo Cai
- Department of Oncology, Yunfeng Hospital, Xuanwei City, 655400, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Xiangyang Kong
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming City, 650504, Yunnan Province, China.
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Morrisey EE, Rustgi AK. The Lung and Esophagus: Developmental and Regenerative Overlap. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:738-748. [PMID: 29871822 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lung and esophageal development and organogenesis involve a complex interplay of signaling pathways and transcriptional factors. Once the lung and esophagus do separate, their epithelial proliferation and differentiation programs share certain common properties that may fuel adaptive responses to injury and subsequent regeneration. Lung and esophageal tissue organogenesis and regeneration provide perspectives on squamous cell cancers and adenocarcinomas in each tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward E Morrisey
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Biology, Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Correction: Comparative transcriptomes of adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas reveal molecular similarities that span classical anatomic boundaries. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007056. [PMID: 29045399 PMCID: PMC5646753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Esophageal Cancer: Genomic and Molecular Characterization, Stem Cell Compartment and Clonal Evolution. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 4:E67. [PMID: 28930282 PMCID: PMC5622402 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the eighth most common cancer and is the sixth leading cause of death worldwide. The incidence of histologic subtypes of EC, esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC), display considerable geographic variation. EAC arises from metaplastic Barrett's esophagus (BE) in the context of chronic inflammation secondary to exposure to acid and bile. The main risk factors for developing ESCC are cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. The main somatic genetic abnormalities showed a different genetic landscape in EAC compared to ESCC. EAC is a heterogeneous cancer dominated by copy number alterations, a high mutational burden, co-amplification of receptor tyrosine kinase, frequent TP53 mutations. The cellular origins of BE and EAC are still not understood: animal models supported a cellular origin either from stem cells located in the basal layer of esophageal epithelium or from progenitors present in the cardia region. Many studies support the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) able to initiate and maintain EAC or ESCC. The exact identification of these CSCs, as well as their role in the pathogenesis of EAC and ESCC remain still to be demonstrated. The reviewed studies suggest that current molecular and cellular characterization of EAC and ESCC should serve as background for development of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00141 Rome, Italy.
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00141 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00141 Rome, Italy.
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