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Lazzara FE, Rodriguez RE, Palatnik JF. Molecular mechanisms regulating GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORS activity in plant growth, development, and environmental responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4360-4372. [PMID: 38666596 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Plants rely on complex regulatory mechanisms to ensure proper growth and development. As plants are sessile organisms, these mechanisms must be flexible enough to adapt to changes in the environment. GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORS (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that act as a central hub controlling plant growth and development, which offer promising biotechnological applications to enhance plant performance. Here, we analyze the complex molecular mechanisms that regulate GRFs activity, and how their natural and synthetic variants can impact on plant growth and development. We describe the biological roles of the GRFs and examine how they regulate gene expression and contribute to the control of organ growth and plant responses to a changing environment. This review focuses on the premise that unlocking the full biotechnological potential of GRFs requires a thorough understanding of the various regulatory layers governing GRF activity, the functional divergence among GRF family members, and the gene networks that they regulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco E Lazzara
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, 2000, Argentina
| | - Ramiro E Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, 2000, Argentina
- Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Sante Fe, 2000, Argentina
| | - Javier F Palatnik
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, 2000, Argentina
- Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Sante Fe, 2000, Argentina
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2
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Huang K, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang B, Zhang L, Duan P, Xu R, Wang D, Liu L, Zhang G, Zhang H, Wang C, Guo N, Hao J, Luo Y, Zhu X, Li Y. Modulation of histone acetylation enables fully mechanized hybrid rice breeding. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:954-970. [PMID: 38831046 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid rice has achieved high grain yield and greatly contributes to food security, but the manual-labour-intensive hybrid seed production process limits fully mechanized hybrid rice breeding. For next-generation hybrid seed production, the use of small-grain male sterile lines to mechanically separate small hybrid seeds from mixed harvest is promising. However, it is difficult to find ideal grain-size genes for breeding ideal small-grain male sterile lines without penalties in the number of hybrid seeds and hybrid rice yield. Here we report that the use of small-grain alleles of the ideal grain-size gene GSE3 in male sterile lines enables fully mechanized hybrid seed production and dramatically increases hybrid seed number in three-line and two-line hybrid rice systems. The GSE3 gene encodes a histone acetyltransferase that binds histones and influences histone acetylation levels. GSE3 is recruited by the transcription factor GS2 to the promoters of their co-regulated grain-size genes and influences the histone acetylation status of their co-regulated genes. Field trials demonstrate that genome editing of GSE3 can be used to immediately improve current elite male sterile lines of hybrid rice for fully mechanized hybrid rice breeding, providing a new perspective for mechanized hybrid breeding in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Yuexing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Baolan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Penggen Duan
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dekai Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agriculture, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guozheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agriculture, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenjie Wang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Nian Guo
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Jianqin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehua Luo
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yunhai Li
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Advanced Agriculture, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Ma F, Zheng Y, Zhang N, Deng M, Zhao M, Fu G, Zhou J, Guo C, Li Y, Huang J, Sun Q, Sun J. The 'Candidatus Phytoplasma ziziphi' effectors SJP1/2 negatively control leaf size by stabilizing the transcription factor ZjTCP2 in jujube. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3054-3069. [PMID: 38320293 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Phytoplasmas manipulate host plant development to benefit insect vector colonization and their own invasion. However, the virulence factors and mechanisms underlying small-leaf formation caused by jujube witches' broom (JWB) phytoplasmas remain largely unknown. Here, effectors SJP1 and SJP2 from JWB phytoplasmas were identified to induce small-leaf formation in jujube (Ziziphus jujuba). In vivo interaction and expression assays showed that SJP1 and SJP2 interacted with and stabilized the transcription factor ZjTCP2. Overexpression of SJP1 and SJP2 in jujube induced ZjTCP2 accumulation. In addition, the abundance of miRNA319f_1 was significantly reduced in leaves of SJP1 and SJP2 transgenic jujube plants and showed the opposite pattern to the expression of its target, ZjTCP2, which was consistent with the pattern in diseased leaves. Overexpression of ZjTCP2 in Arabidopsis promoted ectopic leaves arising from the adaxial side of cotyledons and reduced leaf size. Constitutive expression of the miRNA319f_1 precursor in the 35S::ZjTCP2 background reduced the abundance of ZjTCP2 mRNA and reversed the cotyledon and leaf defects in Arabidopsis. Therefore, these observations suggest that effectors SJP1 and SJP2 induced small-leaf formation, at least partly, by interacting with and activating ZjTCP2 expression both at the transcriptional and the protein level, providing new insights into small-leaf formation caused by phytoplasmas in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyan Zheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingsheng Deng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiqi Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongyu Fu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyong Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
- Horticulture Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 40 South Nongke Road, Hefei City 230031, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Guo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamei Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqiu Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qibao Sun
- Horticulture Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 40 South Nongke Road, Hefei City 230031, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City 230036, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
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Bellino C, Herrera FE, Rodrigues D, Garay AS, Huck SV, Reinheimer R. Molecular Evolution of RAMOSA1 (RA1) in Land Plants. Biomolecules 2024; 14:550. [PMID: 38785957 PMCID: PMC11117814 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
RAMOSA1 (RA1) is a Cys2-His2-type (C2H2) zinc finger transcription factor that controls plant meristem fate and identity and has played an important role in maize domestication. Despite its importance, the origin of RA1 is unknown, and the evolution in plants is only partially understood. In this paper, we present a well-resolved phylogeny based on 73 amino acid sequences from 48 embryophyte species. The recovered tree topology indicates that, during grass evolution, RA1 arose from two consecutive SUPERMAN duplications, resulting in three distinct grass sequence lineages: RA1-like A, RA1-like B, and RA1; however, most of these copies have unknown functions. Our findings indicate that RA1 and RA1-like play roles in the nucleus despite lacking a traditional nuclear localization signal. Here, we report that copies diversified their coding region and, with it, their protein structure, suggesting different patterns of DNA binding and protein-protein interaction. In addition, each of the retained copies diversified regulatory elements along their promoter regions, indicating differences in their upstream regulation. Taken together, the evidence indicates that the RA1 and RA1-like gene families in grasses underwent subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization enabled by gene duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bellino
- Fellow of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina (CONICET), Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, CCT-Santa Fe, Ruta Nacional N° 168 Km 0, s/n, Paraje el Pozo, Santa Fe S3000, Argentina;
| | - Fernando E. Herrera
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina (CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe S3000, Argentina; (F.E.H.); (D.R.)
| | - Daniel Rodrigues
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina (CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe S3000, Argentina; (F.E.H.); (D.R.)
| | - A. Sergio Garay
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe S3000, Argentina;
| | - Sofía V. Huck
- Fellow of Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación, el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, CCT-Santa Fe, Ruta Nacional N° 168 Km 0, s/n, Paraje el Pozo, Santa Fe S3000, Argentina;
| | - Renata Reinheimer
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina (CONICET), Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, FCA, CONICET, CCT-Santa Fe, Ruta Nacional N° 168 Km 0, s/n, Paraje el Pozo, Santa Fe S3000, Argentina
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5
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Li P, He Y, Xiao L, Quan M, Gu M, Jin Z, Zhou J, Li L, Bo W, Qi W, Huang R, Lv C, Wang D, Liu Q, El-Kassaby YA, Du Q, Zhang D. Temporal dynamics of genetic architecture governing leaf development in Populus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1113-1130. [PMID: 38418427 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Leaf development is a multifaceted and dynamic process orchestrated by a myriad of genes to shape the proper size and morphology. The dynamic genetic network underlying leaf development remains largely unknown. Utilizing a synergistic genetic approach encompassing dynamic genome-wide association study (GWAS), time-ordered gene co-expression network (TO-GCN) analyses and gene manipulation, we explored the temporal genetic architecture and regulatory network governing leaf development in Populus. We identified 42 time-specific and 18 consecutive genes that displayed different patterns of expression at various time points. We then constructed eight TO-GCNs that covered the cell proliferation, transition, and cell expansion stages of leaf development. Integrating GWAS and TO-GCN, we postulated the functions of 27 causative genes for GWAS and identified PtoGRF9 as a key player in leaf development. Genetic manipulation via overexpression and suppression of PtoGRF9 revealed its primary influence on leaf development by modulating cell proliferation. Furthermore, we elucidated that PtoGRF9 governs leaf development by activating PtoHB21 during the cell proliferation stage and attenuating PtoLD during the transition stage. Our study provides insights into the dynamic genetic underpinnings of leaf development and understanding the regulatory mechanism of PtoGRF9 in this dynamic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuling He
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mingyang Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mingyue Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhuoying Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiaxuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lianzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenhao Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weina Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chenfei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qing Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Yousry A El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Qingzhang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Schneider M, Van Bel M, Inzé D, Baekelandt A. Leaf growth - complex regulation of a seemingly simple process. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1018-1051. [PMID: 38012838 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of plant development is crucial to successfully steer or manipulate plant growth in a targeted manner. Leaves, the primary sites of photosynthesis, are vital organs for many plant species, and leaf growth is controlled by a tight temporal and spatial regulatory network. In this review, we focus on the genetic networks governing leaf cell proliferation, one major contributor to final leaf size. First, we provide an overview of six regulator families of leaf growth in Arabidopsis: DA1, PEAPODs, KLU, GRFs, the SWI/SNF complexes, and DELLAs, together with their surrounding genetic networks. Next, we discuss their evolutionary conservation to highlight similarities and differences among species, because knowledge transfer between species remains a big challenge. Finally, we focus on the increase in knowledge of the interconnectedness between these genetic pathways, the function of the cell cycle machinery as their central convergence point, and other internal and environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Schneider
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michiel Van Bel
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Baekelandt
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
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7
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Chen X, Zhang J, Wang S, Cai H, Yang M, Dong Y. Genome-wide molecular evolution analysis of the GRF and GIF gene families in Plantae (Archaeplastida). BMC Genomics 2024; 25:74. [PMID: 38233778 PMCID: PMC10795294 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant growth-regulating factors (GRFs) and GRF-interacting factors (GIFs) interact with each other and collectively have important regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the systematic evolution of GRF and GIF gene families. However, our knowledge and understanding of the role of GRF and GIF genes during plant evolution has been fragmentary. RESULTS In this study, a large number of genomic and transcriptomic datasets of algae, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms were used to systematically analyze the evolution of GRF and GIF genes during the evolution of plants. The results showed that GRF gene first appeared in the charophyte Klebsormidium nitens, whereas the GIF genes originated relatively early, and these two gene families were mainly expanded by segmental duplication events after plant terrestrialization. During the process of evolution, the protein sequences and functions of GRF and GIF family genes are relatively conservative. As cooperative partner, GRF and GIF genes contain the similar types of cis-acting elements in their promoter regions, which enables them to have similar transcriptional response patterns, and both show higher levels of expression in reproductive organs and tissues and organs with strong capacity for cell division. Based on protein-protein interaction analysis and verification, we found that the GRF-GIF protein partnership began to be established in pteridophytes and is highly conserved across different terrestrial plants. CONCLUSIONS These results provide a foundation for further exploration of the molecular evolution and biological functions of GRF and GIF genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghao Chen
- Forest Department, Forestry College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, 071000, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Forest Department, Forestry College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, 071000, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Forest Department, Forestry College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, 071000, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Cai
- Forest Department, Forestry College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, 071000, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Minsheng Yang
- Forest Department, Forestry College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, 071000, Baoding, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Dong
- Forest Department, Forestry College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, 071000, Baoding, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Fu MK, He YN, Yang XY, Tang X, Wang M, Dai WS. Genome-wide identification of the GRF family in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) and functional analysis of the CsGRF04 in response to multiple abiotic stresses. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:37. [PMID: 38184538 PMCID: PMC10770916 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus is one of the most valuable fruits worldwide and an economic pillar industry in southern China. Nevertheless, it frequently suffers from undesirable environmental stresses during the growth cycle, which severely restricts the growth, development and yield of citrus. In plants, the growth-regulating factor (GRF) family of transcription factors (TF) is extensively distributed and plays an vital part in plant growth and development, hormone response, as well as stress adaptation. However, the systematic identification and functional analysis of GRF TFs in citrus have not been reported. RESULTS Here, a genome-wide identification of GRF TFs was performed in Citrus sinensis, 9 members of CsGRFs were systematically identified and discovered to be scattered throughout 5 chromosomes. Subsequently, physical and chemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, structural characteristics, gene duplication events, collinearity and cis-elements of promoter were elaborately analyzed. In particular, the expression patterns of the CsGRF genes in response to multiple phytohormone and abiotic stress treatments were investigated. Predicated on this result, CsGRF04, which exhibited the most differential expression pattern under multiple phytohormone and abiotic stress treatments was screened out. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology was utilized to obtain gene silenced plants for CsGRF04 successfully. After the three stress treatments of high salinity, low temperature and drought, the CsGRF04-VIGS lines showed significantly reduced resistance to high salinity and low temperature stresses, but extremely increased resistance to drought stress. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings systematically analyzed the genomic characterization of GRF family in Citrus sinensis, and excavated a CsGRF04 with potential functions under multiple abiotic stresses. Our study lay a foundation for further study on the function of CsGRFs in abiotic stress and hormone signaling response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Kang Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying-Na He
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xi Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen-Shan Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
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9
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Wang J, Tu Z, Wang M, Zhang Y, Hu Q, Li H. Genome-wide identification of GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs in Liriodendron chinense and functional characterization of LcGRF2 in leaf size regulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108204. [PMID: 38043251 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs) play a pivotal role in the regulation of leaf size in plants and have been widely reported in plants. However, their specific functions in leaf size regulation in Liriodendron chinense remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we identified GRF genes on a genome-wide scale in L. chinense to characterize the roles of LcGRFs in regulating leaf size. A total of nine LcGRF genes were identified, and these genes exhibited weak expression in mature leaves but strong expression in shoot apex. Notably, LcGRF2 exhibited the highest expression level in the shoot apex of L. chinense. Further RT-qPCR assay revealed that the expression level of LcGRF2 gradually decreased along with the leaf development process, and also displayed a gradient along the leaf proximo-distal and medio-lateral axes. Furthermore, overexpression of LcGRF2 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in increased leaf size, and significantly up-regulated the expression of genes involved in cell division like AtCYCD3;1, AtKNOLLE, and AtCYCB1;1, indicating that LcGRF2 may influence leaf size by promoting cell proliferation. This work contributes to a better understanding of the roles and molecular mechanisms of LcGRFs in the regulation of leaf size in L. chinense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Zhonghua Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Minxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Qinghua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Huogen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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10
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Liu Z, Zhang T, Xu R, Liu B, Han Y, Dong W, Xie Q, Tang Z, Lei X, Wang C, Fu Y, Gao C. BpGRP1 acts downstream of BpmiR396c/BpGRF3 to confer salt tolerance in Betula platyphylla. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:131-147. [PMID: 37703500 PMCID: PMC10754015 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins (GRPs) have been implicated in the responses of plants to environmental stresses, but the function of GRP genes involved in salt stress and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we identified BpGRP1 (glycine-rich RNA-binding protein), a Betula platyphylla gene that is induced under salt stress. The physiological and molecular responses to salt tolerance were investigated in both BpGRP1-overexpressing and suppressed conditions. BpGRF3 (growth-regulating factor 3) was identified as a regulatory factor upstream of BpGRP1. We demonstrated that overexpression of BpGRF3 significantly increased the salt tolerance of birch, whereas the grf3-1 mutant exhibited the opposite effect. Further analysis revealed that BpGRF3 and its interaction partner, BpSHMT, function upstream of BpGRP1. We demonstrated that BpmiR396c, as an upstream regulator of BpGRF3, could negatively regulate salt tolerance in birch. Furthermore, we uncovered evidence showing that the BpmiR396c/BpGRF3 regulatory module functions in mediating the salt response by regulating the associated physiological pathways. Our results indicate that BpmiR396c regulates the expression of BpGRF3, which plays a role in salt tolerance by targeting BpGRP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant EcologyMinistry of EducationNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Tengqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Ruiting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Baichao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yating Han
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Wenfang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Qingjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Zihao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xiaojin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yujie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant EcologyMinistry of EducationNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Caiqiu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
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11
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Wu H, Galli M, Spears CJ, Zhan J, Liu P, Yadegari R, Dannenhoffer JM, Gallavotti A, Becraft PW. NAKED ENDOSPERM1, NAKED ENDOSPERM2, and OPAQUE2 interact to regulate gene networks in maize endosperm development. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 36:19-39. [PMID: 37795691 PMCID: PMC10734603 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
NAKED ENDOSPERM1 (NKD1), NKD2, and OPAQUE2 (O2) are transcription factors important for cell patterning and nutrient storage in maize (Zea mays) endosperm. To study the complex regulatory interrelationships among these 3 factors in coregulating gene networks, we developed a set of nkd1, nkd2, and o2 homozygous lines, including all combinations of mutant and wild-type genes. Among the 8 genotypes tested, we observed diverse phenotypes and gene interactions affecting cell patterning, starch content, and storage proteins. From ∼8 to ∼16 d after pollination, maize endosperm undergoes a transition from cellular development to nutrient accumulation for grain filling. Gene network analysis showed that NKD1, NKD2, and O2 dynamically regulate a hierarchical gene network during this period, directing cellular development early and then transitioning to constrain cellular development while promoting the biosynthesis and storage of starch, proteins, and lipids. Genetic interactions regulating this network are also dynamic. The assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) showed that O2 influences the global regulatory landscape, decreasing NKD1 and NKD2 target site accessibility, while NKD1 and NKD2 increase O2 target site accessibility. In summary, interactions of NKD1, NKD2, and O2 dynamically affect the hierarchical gene network and regulatory landscape during the transition from cellular development to grain filling in maize endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Genetics, Development and Cell Biology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Mary Galli
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08901-8520, USA
| | - Carla J Spears
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Junpeng Zhan
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Ramin Yadegari
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | | | - Andrea Gallavotti
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08901-8520, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Philip W Becraft
- Genetics, Development and Cell Biology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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12
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Lv Z, Zhao W, Kong S, Li L, Lin S. Overview of molecular mechanisms of plant leaf development: a systematic review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1293424. [PMID: 38146273 PMCID: PMC10749370 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1293424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Leaf growth initiates in the peripheral region of the meristem at the apex of the stem, eventually forming flat structures. Leaves are pivotal organs in plants, serving as the primary sites for photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration. Their development is intricately governed by complex regulatory networks. Leaf development encompasses five processes: the leaf primordium initiation, the leaf polarity establishment, leaf size expansion, shaping of leaf, and leaf senescence. The leaf primordia starts from the side of the growth cone at the apex of the stem. Under the precise regulation of a series of genes, the leaf primordia establishes adaxial-abaxial axes, proximal-distal axes and medio-lateral axes polarity, guides the primordia cells to divide and differentiate in a specific direction, and finally develops into leaves of a certain shape and size. Leaf senescence is a kind of programmed cell death that occurs in plants, and as it is the last stage of leaf development. Each of these processes is meticulously coordinated through the intricate interplay among transcriptional regulatory factors, microRNAs, and plant hormones. This review is dedicated to examining the regulatory influences of major regulatory factors and plant hormones on these five developmental aspects of leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Lv
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanqi Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuxin Kong
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuyan Lin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Lu J, Wang Z, Li J, Zhao Q, Qi F, Wang F, Xiaoyang C, Tan G, Wu H, Deyholos MK, Wang N, Liu Y, Zhang J. Genome-Wide Analysis of Flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.) Growth-Regulating Factor (GRF) Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17107. [PMID: 38069430 PMCID: PMC10707037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Flax is an important cash crop globally with a variety of commercial uses. It has been widely used for fiber, oil, nutrition, feed and in composite materials. Growth regulatory factor (GRF) is a transcription factor family unique to plants, and is involved in regulating many processes of growth and development. Bioinformatics analysis of the GRF family in flax predicted 17 LuGRF genes, which all contained the characteristic QLQ and WRC domains. Equally, 15 of 17 LuGRFs (88%) are predicted to be regulated by lus-miR396 miRNA. Phylogenetic analysis of GRFs from flax and several other well-characterized species defined five clades; LuGRF genes were found in four clades. Most LuGRF gene promoters contained cis-regulatory elements known to be responsive to hormones and stress. The chromosomal locations and collinearity of LuGRF genes were also analyzed. The three-dimensional structure of LuGRF proteins was predicted using homology modeling. The transcript expression data indicated that most LuGRF family members were highly expressed in flax fruit and embryos, whereas LuGRF3, LuGRF12 and LuGRF16 were enriched in response to salt stress. Real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that both LuGRF1 and LuGRF11 were up-regulated under ABA and MeJA stimuli, indicating that these genes were involved in defense. LuGRF1 was demonstrated to be localized to the nucleus as expected for a transcription factor. These results provide a basis for further exploration of the molecular mechanism of LuGRF gene function and obtaining improved flax breeding lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Lu
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (F.Q.); (F.W.); (C.X.); (G.T.); wuhan (H.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Zhenhui Wang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (F.Q.); (F.W.); (C.X.); (G.T.); wuhan (H.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Jinxi Li
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (F.Q.); (F.W.); (C.X.); (G.T.); wuhan (H.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Qian Zhao
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (F.Q.); (F.W.); (C.X.); (G.T.); wuhan (H.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Fan Qi
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (F.Q.); (F.W.); (C.X.); (G.T.); wuhan (H.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Fu Wang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (F.Q.); (F.W.); (C.X.); (G.T.); wuhan (H.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Chunxiao Xiaoyang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (F.Q.); (F.W.); (C.X.); (G.T.); wuhan (H.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Guofei Tan
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (F.Q.); (F.W.); (C.X.); (G.T.); wuhan (H.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Hanlu Wu
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (F.Q.); (F.W.); (C.X.); (G.T.); wuhan (H.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Michael K. Deyholos
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, BC V5K1K5, Canada;
| | - Ningning Wang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (F.Q.); (F.W.); (C.X.); (G.T.); wuhan (H.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Yingnan Liu
- Institute of Natural Resources and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Science, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (F.Q.); (F.W.); (C.X.); (G.T.); wuhan (H.W.); (N.W.)
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, BC V5K1K5, Canada;
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14
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Angulo J, Astin CP, Bauer O, Blash KJ, Bowen NM, Chukwudinma NJ, DiNofrio AS, Faletti DO, Ghulam AM, Gusinde-Duffy CM, Horace KJ, Ingram AM, Isaack KE, Jeong G, Kiser RJ, Kobylanski JS, Long MR, Manning GA, Morales JM, Nguyen KH, Pham RT, Phillips MH, Reel TW, Seo JE, Vo HD, Wukoson AM, Yeary KA, Zheng GY, Lukowitz W. CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis of the Arabidopsis GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR (GRF) gene family. Front Genome Ed 2023; 5:1251557. [PMID: 37908969 PMCID: PMC10613670 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1251557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome editing in plants typically relies on T-DNA plasmids that are mobilized by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to deliver the CRISPR/Cas machinery. Here, we introduce a series of CRISPR/Cas9 T-DNA vectors for minimal settings, such as teaching labs. Gene-specific targeting sequences can be inserted as annealed short oligonucleotides in a single straightforward cloning step. Fluorescent markers expressed in mature seeds enable reliable selection of transgenic or transgene-free individuals using a combination of inexpensive LED lamps and colored-glass alternative filters. Testing these tools on the Arabidopsis GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR (GRF) genes, we were able to create a collection of predicted null mutations in all nine family members with little effort. We then explored the effects of simultaneously targeting two, four and eight GRF genes on the rate of induced mutations at each target locus. In our hands, multiplexing was associated with pronounced disparities: while mutation rates at some loci remained consistently high, mutation rates at other loci dropped dramatically with increasing number of single guide RNA species, thereby preventing a systematic mutagenesis of the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Angulo
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Olivia Bauer
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kelan J. Blash
- Division of Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Natalee M. Bowen
- Division of Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Donald O. Faletti
- Division of Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Alexa M. Ghulam
- Division of Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Kamaria J. Horace
- Division of Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Andrew M. Ingram
- Division of Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kylie E. Isaack
- Division of Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Geon Jeong
- Division of Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Randolph J. Kiser
- Division of Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jason S. Kobylanski
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Madeline R. Long
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Grace A. Manning
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Julie M. Morales
- Division of Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kevin H. Nguyen
- Division of Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Robin T. Pham
- Division of Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Monthip H. Phillips
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Tanner W. Reel
- Division of Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jenny E. Seo
- Division of Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hiep D. Vo
- Division of Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Kathryn A. Yeary
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Grace Y. Zheng
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Wolfgang Lukowitz
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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15
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Tang R, Zhu Y, Yang S, Wang F, Chen G, Chen J, Zhao K, Liu Z, Peng D. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of WRKY Gene Family in Melastoma dodecandrum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14904. [PMID: 37834352 PMCID: PMC10573167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
WRKY is one of the largest transcription factor families in plants and plays an important role in plant growth and development as well as in abiotic and biological stresses. However, there is little information about the WRKY family in Melastoma dodecandrum. In this study, 126 WRKY members were identified in M. dodecandrum. According to phylogenetic analysis, they were divided into three major groups, and group II was further divided into five subgroups. MedWRKY genes were unevenly distributed on 12 chromosomes. Additionally, the gene structure and sequence composition were similar within the same group and differed between groups, suggesting their functional diversity. The promoter sequence analysis identified a number of cis-acting elements related to plant growth and development, stress response, and secondary metabolite synthesis in the WRKY gene family. The collinearity analysis showed that gene replication events were the main driving force of MedWRKY gene evolution. The transcriptome data and RT-qPCR analysis suggested that MedWRKY genes had higher expression in the roots and ripe fruit of M. dodecandrum. In short, this paper lays a foundation for further study of the functions and molecular mechanism of M. dodecandrum WRKY gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Tang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.T.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (F.W.); (G.C.); (J.C.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yunjun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.T.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (F.W.); (G.C.); (J.C.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Songmin Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.T.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (F.W.); (G.C.); (J.C.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.T.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (F.W.); (G.C.); (J.C.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Guizhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.T.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (F.W.); (G.C.); (J.C.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jinliao Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.T.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (F.W.); (G.C.); (J.C.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Kai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.T.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (F.W.); (G.C.); (J.C.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Zhongjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.T.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (F.W.); (G.C.); (J.C.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Donghui Peng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.T.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (F.W.); (G.C.); (J.C.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.)
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16
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Wang H, Yu J, Zhu B, Gu L, Wang H, Du X, Zeng T, Tang H. The SbbHLH041- SbEXPA11 Module Enhances Cadmium Accumulation and Rescues Biomass by Increasing Photosynthetic Efficiency in Sorghum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13061. [PMID: 37685867 PMCID: PMC10487693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, expansin genes are responsive to heavy metal exposure. To study the bioremediary potential of this important gene family, we discovered a root-expressed expansin gene in sorghum, SbEXPA11, which is notably upregulated following cadmium (Cd) exposure. However, the mechanism underlying the Cd detoxification and accumulation mediated by SbEXPA11 in sorghum remains unclear. We overexpressed SbEXPA11 in sorghum and compared wild-type (WT) and SbEXPA11-overexpressing transgenic sorghum in terms of Cd accumulation and physiological indices following Cd. Compared with the WT, we found that SbEXPA11 mediates Cd tolerance by exerting reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging effects through upregulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, the overexpression of SbEXPA11 rescued biomass production by increasing the photosynthetic efficiency of transgenic plants. In the pot experiment with a dosage of 10 mg/kg Cd, transgenic sorghum plants demonstrated higher efficacy in reducing the Cd content of the soil (8.62 mg/kg) compared to WT sorghum plants (9.51 mg/kg). Subsequent analysis revealed that the SbbHLH041 transcription factor has the ability to induce SbEXPA11 expression through interacting with the E-box located within the SbEXPA11 promoter. These findings suggest that the SbbHLH041-SbEXPA11 cascade module may be beneficial for the development of phytoremediary sorghum varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.W.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Junxing Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.W.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Bin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.W.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Lei Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.W.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Hongcheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.W.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Xuye Du
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.W.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Tuo Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.W.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Heng Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271002, China
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Wang P, Xiao Y, Yan M, Yan Y, Lei X, Di P, Wang Y. Whole-genome identification and expression profiling of growth-regulating factor (GRF) and GRF-interacting factor (GIF) gene families in Panax ginseng. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:334. [PMID: 37328802 PMCID: PMC10276473 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax ginseng is a perennial herb and one of the most widely used traditional medicines in China. During its long growth period, it is affected by various environmental factors. Past studies have shown that growth-regulating factors (GRFs) and GRF-interacting factors (GIFs) are involved in regulating plant growth and development, responding to environmental stress, and responding to the induction of exogenous hormones. However, GRF and GIF transcription factors in ginseng have not been reported. RESULTS In this study, 20 GRF gene members of ginseng were systematically identified and found to be distributed on 13 chromosomes. The ginseng GIF gene family has only ten members, which are distributed on ten chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis divided these PgGRFs into six clades and PgGIFs into two clades. In total, 18 of the 20 PgGRFs and eight of the ten PgGIFs are segmental duplications. Most PgGRF and PgGIF gene promoters contain some hormone- and stress- related cis-regulatory elements. Based on the available public RNA-Seq data, the expression patterns of PgGRF and PgGIF genes were analysed from 14 different tissues. The responses of the PgGRF gene to different hormones (6-BA, ABA, GA3, IAA) and abiotic stresses (cold, heat, drought, and salt) were studied. The expression of the PgGRF gene was significantly upregulated under GA3 induction and three weeks of heat treatment. The expression level of the PgGIF gene changed only slightly after one week of heat treatment. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study may be helpful for further study of the function of PgGRF and PgGIF genes and lay a foundation for further study of their role in the growth and development of Panax ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Min Yan
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yan Yan
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiujuan Lei
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Peng Di
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Yingping Wang
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Li Y, Vasupalli N, Cai O, Lin X, Wu H. Network of miR396-mRNA in Tissue Differentiation in Moso Bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1103. [PMID: 36903962 PMCID: PMC10005394 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
MiR396 plays an essential role in various developmental processes. However, the miR396-mRNA molecular network in bamboo vascular tissue differentiation during primary thickening has not been elucidated. Here, we revealed that three of the five members from the miR396 family were overexpressed in the underground thickening shoots collected from Moso bamboo. Furthermore, the predicted target genes were up/down-regulated in the early (S2), middle (S3) and late (S4) developmental samples. Mechanistically, we found that several of the genes encoding protein kinases (PKs), growth-regulating factors (GRF), transcription factors (TFs), and transcription regulators (TRs) were the potential targets of miR396 members. Moreover, we identified QLQ (Gln, Leu, Gln) and WRC (Trp, Arg, Cys) d omains in five PeGRF homologs and a Lipase_3 domain and a K_trans domain in another two potential targets, where the cleavage targets were identified via degradome sequencing (p < 0.05). The sequence alignment indicated many mutations in the precursor sequence of miR396d between Moso bamboo and rice. Our dual-luciferase assay revealed that ped-miR396d-5p binds to a PeGRF6 homolog. Thus, the miR396-GRF module was associated with Moso bamboo shoot development. Fluorescence in situ hybridization localized miR396 in the vascular tissues of the leaves, stems, and roots of pot Moso bamboo seedlings at the age of two months. Collectively, these experiments revealed that miR396 functions as a regulator of vascular tissue differentiation in Moso bamboo. Additionally, we propose that miR396 members are targets for bamboo improvement and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- National State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Naresh Vasupalli
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ou Cai
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China/Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaofang Lin
- National State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China/Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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19
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Liu Y, Guo P, Wang J, Xu ZY. Growth-regulating factors: conserved and divergent roles in plant growth and development and potential value for crop improvement. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:1122-1145. [PMID: 36582168 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High yield and stress resistance are the major prerequisites for successful crop cultivation, and can be achieved by modifying plant architecture. Evolutionarily conserved growth-regulating factors (GRFs) control the growth of different tissues and organs of plants. Here, we provide a systematic overview of the expression patterns of GRF genes and the structural features of GRF proteins in different plant species. Moreover, we illustrate the conserved and divergent roles of GRFs, microRNA396 (miR396), and GRF-interacting factors (GIFs) in leaf, root, and flower development. We also describe the molecular networks involving the miR396-GRF-GIF module, and illustrate how this module coordinates with different signaling molecules and transcriptional regulators to control development of different plant species. GRFs promote leaf growth, accelerate grain filling, and increase grain size and weight. We also provide some molecular insight into how coordination between GRFs and other signaling modules enhances crop productivity; for instance, how the GRF-DELLA interaction confers yield-enhancing dwarfism while increasing grain yield. Finally, we discuss how the GRF-GIF chimera substantially improves plant transformation efficiency by accelerating shoot formation. Overall, we systematically review the conserved and divergent roles of GRFs and the miR396-GRF-GIF module in growth regulation, and also provide insights into how GRFs can be utilized to improve the productivity and nutrient content of crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zheng-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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20
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Ma C, Dai X, He G, Wu Y, Yang Y, Zhang S, Lou Y, Ming F. PeGRF6-PeGIF1 complex regulates cell proliferation in the leaf of Phalaenopsis equestris. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:683-694. [PMID: 36801773 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phalaenopsis equestris is an ornamental plant with very large leaves. In this study, we identified genes related to the regulation of leaf development in Phalaenopsis and explored their mechanism of action. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses revealed that PeGRF6 in the PeGRF family of P. equestris has similarities with the Arabidopsis genes AtGRF1 and AtGRF2, which are known to be involved in the regulation of leaf development. Among the PeGRFs, PeGRF6 was continuously and stably expressed at various stages of leaf development. The functions of PeGRF6 and of its complex formed with PeGIF1 in leaf development were verified by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology. The results show that the PeGRF6-PeGIF1 complex forms in the nucleus and positively regulates leaf cell proliferation via influencing cell size. Interestingly, VIGS suppression of PeGRF6 resulted in anthocyanin accumulation in Phalaenopsis leaves. Analyses of the regulatory mechanism of the miR396-PeGRF6 model based on the P. equestris small RNA library constructed here suggested that PeGRF6 transcripts are cleaved by Peq-miR396. These results show that, compared with PeGRF6 or PeGIF1 alone, the PeGRF6-PeGIF1 complex plays a more important role in the leaf development of Phalaenopsis, possibly by regulating the expression of cell cycle-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Ma
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xinyue Dai
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Guoren He
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - YiDing Wu
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Suyi Zhang
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - YuXia Lou
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Feng Ming
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
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21
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Ardelean IV, Bălăcescu L, Sicora O, Bălăcescu O, Mladin L, Haș V, Miclăuș M. Maize cytolines as models to study the impact of different cytoplasms on gene expression under heat stress conditions. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:4. [PMID: 36588161 PMCID: PMC9806912 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-04023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crops are under constant pressure due to global warming, which unfolds at a much faster pace than their ability to adapt through evolution. Agronomic traits are linked to cytoplasmic-nuclear genome interactions. It thus becomes important to understand the influence exerted by the organelles on gene expression under heat stress conditions and profit from the available genetic diversity. Maize (Zea mays) cytolines allow us to investigate how the gene expression changes under heat stress conditions in three different cytoplasmic environments, but each having the same nucleus. Analyzing retrograde signaling in such an experimental set-up has never been done before. Here, we quantified the response of three cytolines to heat stress as differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and studied gene expression patterns in the context of existing polymorphism in their organellar genomes. RESULTS Our study unveils a plethora of new genes and GO terms that are differentially expressed or enriched, respectively, in response to heat stress. We report 19,600 DEGs as responding to heat stress (out of 30,331 analyzed), which significantly enrich 164 GO biological processes, 30 GO molecular functions, and 83 GO cell components. Our approach allowed for the discovery of a significant number of DEGs and GO terms that are not common in the three cytolines and could therefore be linked to retrograde signaling. Filtering for DEGs with a fold regulation > 2 (absolute values) that are exclusive to just one of the cytolines, we find a total of 391 up- and down-DEGs. Similarly, there are 19 GO terms with a fold enrichment > 2 that are cytoline-specific. Using GBS data we report contrasting differences in the number of DEGs and GO terms in each cytoline, which correlate with the genetic distances between the mitochondrial genomes (but not chloroplast) and the original nuclei of the cytolines, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The experimental design used here adds a new facet to the paradigm used to explain how gene expression changes in response to heat stress, capturing the influence exerted by different organelles upon one nucleus rather than investigating the response of several nuclei in their innate cytoplasmic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana V Ardelean
- Biological Research Center, "Babeș-Bolyai" University, Jibou, Romania
- NIRDBS, Institute of Biological Research, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Oana Sicora
- Biological Research Center, "Babeș-Bolyai" University, Jibou, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Bălăcescu
- The Oncology Institute "Prof Dr Ion Chiricuta", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lia Mladin
- Biological Research Center, "Babeș-Bolyai" University, Jibou, Romania
| | - Voichița Haș
- Agricultural Research and Development Station, Turda, Romania
| | - Mihai Miclăuș
- NIRDBS, Institute of Biological Research, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- STAR-UBB, "Babeș-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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22
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Hu Q, Jiang B, Wang L, Song Y, Tang X, Zhao Y, Fan X, Gu Y, Zheng Q, Cheng J, Zhang H. Genome-wide analysis of growth-regulating factor genes in grape (Vitis vinifera L.): identification, characterization and their responsive expression to osmotic stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:107-121. [PMID: 36284021 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02939-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Identification, characterization and osmotic stress responsive expression of growth-regulating factor genes in grape. The growth and fruit production of grape vine are severely affected by adverse environmental conditions. Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) play a vital role in the regulation of plant growth, reproduction and stress tolerance. However, their biological functions in fruit vine crops are still largely unknown. In the present study, a total number of nine VvGRFs were identified in the grape genome. Phylogenetic and collinear relationship analysis revealed that they formed seven subfamilies, and have gone through three segmental duplication events. All VvGRFs were predicted to be nucleic localized and contained both the conserved QLQ and WRC domains at their N-terminals, one of the typical structural features of GRF proteins. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses demonstrated that all VvGRFs, with a predominant expression of VvGRF7, were constitutively expressed in roots, leaves and stems of grape plants, and showed responsive expression to osmotic stress. Further growth phenotypic analysis demonstrated that ectopic expression of VvGRF7 promoted the growth and sensitivity of transgenic Arabidopsis plants to osmotic stress. Our findings provide important information for the future study of VvGRF gene functions, and potential gene resources for the genetic breeding of new fruit vine varieties with improved fruit yield and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Hu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, 2006 Binhaizhong Road, Yantai, 264670, Shandong Province, China
| | - Binyu Jiang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Liru Wang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanjing Song
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 21 Zhichubei Road, Yantai, 264001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong (Ludong University), Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaobin Fan
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yafeng Gu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, 2006 Binhaizhong Road, Yantai, 264670, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiuling Zheng
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 26 West Gangcheng Avenue, Yantai, 265599, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jieshan Cheng
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong (Ludong University), Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China.
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 21 Zhichubei Road, Yantai, 264001, Shandong Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong (Ludong University), Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China.
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23
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Liu ZY, Han YT, Wang CY, Lei XJ, Wang YY, Dong WF, Xie QJ, Fu YJ, Gao CQ. The growth-regulating factor PdbGRF1 positively regulates the salt stress response in Populus davidiana × P. bolleana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 326:111502. [PMID: 36252856 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Growth-regulating factor (GRF) is a transcription factor unique to plants that plays a crucial role in the growth, development and stress adaptation of plants. However, information on the GRFs related to salt stress in Populus davidiana × P. bolleana is lacking. In this study, we characterized the activity of PdbGRF1 in transgenic Populus davidiana × P. bolleana under salt stress. qRTPCR analyses showed that PdbGRF1 was highly expressed in young leaves and that the pattern of PdbGRF1 expression was significantly changed at most time points under salt stress, which suggests that PdbGRF1 expression may be related to the salt stress response. Moreover, PdbGRF1 overexpression enhanced tolerance to salt stress. A physiological parameter analysis showed that the overexpression of PdbGRF1 significantly decreased the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and POD) and the proline content. A molecular analysis showed that PdbGRF1 regulated the expression of PdbPOD17 and PdbAKT1 by binding to the DRE ('A/GCCGAC') in their respective promoters. Together, our results demonstrate that the binding of PdbGRF1 to DRE regulates genes related to stress tolerance and activates the associated physiological pathways, and these effects increase the ROS scavenging ability, reduce the degree of damage to the plasma membrane and ultimately enhance the salt stress response in Populus davidiana × P. bolleana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ya-Ting Han
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chun-Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiao-Jin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wen-Fang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qing-Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yu-Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Cai-Qiu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Yi W, Luan A, Liu C, Wu J, Zhang W, Zhong Z, Wang Z, Yang M, Chen C, He Y. Genome-wide identification, phylogeny, and expression analysis of GRF transcription factors in pineapple ( Ananas comosus). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1159223. [PMID: 37123828 PMCID: PMC10140365 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1159223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Pineapple is the only commercially grown fruit crop in the Bromeliaceae family and has significant agricultural, industrial, economic, and ornamental value. GRF (growth-regulating factor) proteins are important transcription factors that have evolved in seed plants (embryophytes). They contain two conserved domains, QLQ (Gln, Leu, Gln) and WRC (Trp, Arg, Cys), and regulate multiple aspects of plant growth and stress response, including floral organ development, leaf growth, and hormone responses. The GRF family has been characterized in a number of plant species, but little is known about this family in pineapple and other bromeliads. Main discoveries We identified eight GRF transcription factor genes in pineapple, and phylogenetic analysis placed them into five subfamilies (I, III, IV, V, VI). Segmental duplication appeared to be the major contributor to expansion of the AcGRF family, and the family has undergone strong purifying selection during evolution. Relative to that of other gene families, the gene structure of the GRF family showed less conservation. Analysis of promoter cis-elements suggested that AcGRF genes are widely involved in plant growth and development. Transcriptome data and qRT-PCR results showed that, with the exception of AcGRF5, the AcGRFs were preferentially expressed in the early stage of floral organ development and AcGRF2 was strongly expressed in ovules. Gibberellin treatment significantly induced AcGRF7/8 expression, suggesting that these two genes may be involved in the molecular regulatory pathway by which gibberellin promotes pineapple fruit expansion. Conclusion AcGRF proteins appear to play a role in the regulation of floral organ development and the response to gibberellin. The information reported here provides a foundation for further study of the functions of AcGRF genes and the traits they regulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiping Luan
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yehua He, ; Chengjie Chen,
| | - Yehua He
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yehua He, ; Chengjie Chen,
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Jia Z, Zhang M, Ma C, Wang Z, Wang Z, Fang Y, Wang J. Identification and Functional Validation of Auxin-Responsive Tabzip Genes from Wheat Leaves in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010756. [PMID: 36614202 PMCID: PMC9821592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaves are an essential and unique organ of plants, and many studies have proved that auxin has significant impacts on the architecture of leaves, thus the manipulation of the three-dimensional structure of a leaf could provide potential strategies for crop yields. In this study, 32 basic leucine zipper transcription factors (bZIP TFs) which responded to 50 μM of indole-acetic acid (IAA) were identified in wheat leaves by transcriptome analysis. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 32 auxin-responsive TabZIPs were classified into eight groups with possible different functions. Phenotypic analysis demonstrated that knocking out the homologous gene of the most down-regulated auxin-responsive TabZIP6D_20 in Arabidopsis (AtHY5) decreased its sensitivity to 1 and 50 μM IAA, while the TabZIP6D_20/hy5 complementary lines recovered its sensitivity to auxin as a wild type (Wassilewskija), suggesting that the down-regulated TabZIP6D_20 was a negative factor in the auxin-signaling pathway. These results demonstrated that the auxin-responsive TabZIP genes might have various and vital functions in the architecture of a wheat leaf under auxin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Can Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zanqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (Y.F.); (J.W.)
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (Y.F.); (J.W.)
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Wu Z, Chen X, Fu D, Zeng Q, Gao X, Zhang N, Wu J. Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of the growth-regulating factor family in Saccharum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:510. [PMID: 36319957 PMCID: PMC9628180 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth regulating factors (GRFs) are transcription factors that regulate diverse biological and physiological processes in plants, including growth, development, and abiotic stress. Although GRF family genes have been studied in a variety of plant species, knowledge about the identification and expression patterns of GRFs in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is still lacking. RESULTS In the present study, a comprehensive analysis was conducted in the genome of wild sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneum) and 10 SsGRF genes were identified and characterized. The phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, and expression profiling of these genes were analyzed entirely under both regular growth and low-nitrogen stress conditions. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the 10 SsGRF members were categorized into six clusters. Gene structure analysis indicated that the SsGRF members in the same group were greatly conserved. Expression profiling demonstrated that most SsGRF genes were extremely expressed in immature tissues, implying their critical roles in sugarcane growth and development. Expression analysis based on transcriptome data and real-time quantitative PCR verification revealed that GRF1 and GRF3 were distinctly differentially expressed in response to low-nitrogen stress, which meant that they were additional participated in sugarcane stress tolerance. CONCLUSION Our study provides a scientific basis for the potential functional prediction of SsGRF and will be further scrutinized by examining their regulatory network in sugarcane development and abiotic stress response, and ultimately facilitating their application in cultivated sugarcane breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Wu
- Guangdong Sugarcane Genetic Improvement Engineering Centre, Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510316, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinglong Chen
- Guangdong Sugarcane Genetic Improvement Engineering Centre, Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510316, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Danwen Fu
- Guangdong Sugarcane Genetic Improvement Engineering Centre, Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510316, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiaoying Zeng
- Guangdong Sugarcane Genetic Improvement Engineering Centre, Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510316, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoning Gao
- Guangdong Sugarcane Genetic Improvement Engineering Centre, Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510316, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Zhanjiang Research Center, Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 524300, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Guangdong Sugarcane Genetic Improvement Engineering Centre, Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510316, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jiayun Wu
- Guangdong Sugarcane Genetic Improvement Engineering Centre, Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510316, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Wang X, Hong Z, Yang A, He Y, Zhu Z, Xu Y. Systematic analysis of the CsmiR396-CsGRFs/CsGIFs module and the opposite role of CsGRF3 and CsGRF5 in regulating cell proliferation in cucumber. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 323:111407. [PMID: 35932827 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors, and their activities are regulated by miR396 and the GRF-GIF interaction. The miR396-GRFs/GIFs module determines organ size by regulating cell proliferation. However, it is largely unknown in cucumber. In this study, the CsmiR396-CsGRFs/CsGIFs module was investigated in cucumber. Five CsMIR396 loci (CsMIR396A-E), eight CsGRFs and two CsGIFs were identified. CsMIR396A-E was distributed within two clusters and coded three different mature CsmiR396, and all CsGRFs acted as the target of CsmiR396. Bioinformatic analyses showed that miR396s were classified into five types, while GRFs were classified into six groups in plants. The GRFs from group Ⅰ exhibited high diversity and harbored specific characteristics (truncated C-terminus or two WRC domains). qRT-PCR results showed that CsMIR396s (CsMIR396A, CsMIR396B and CsMIR396D) and mature CsmiR396 increased, whereas CsGRFs declined as leaf age increased. In contrast, CsMIR396E was highly expressed in young leaves and shoot tissue, and it was expressed in an age-independent pattern. Yeast two-hybrid assays showed that CsGRF3 strongly interacted with CsGIFs, while CsGRF5 weakly interacted with CsGIFs. Overexpression of CsGRF3 resulted in an enlarged organ size; in contrast, overexpression of CsGRF5, which belonged to group Ⅰ and harbored two WRC domains, resulted in a reduced organ size in Arabidopsis. Section analysis showed that cell proliferation was increased in CsGRF3OE plants, whereas it was decreased in CsGRF5OE plants. In summary, our results reveal the diversity of the CsmiR396-CsGRFs/CsGIFs module in cucumber, and that CsGRF3 and CsGRF5 play an opposite role in regulating cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zezhou Hong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aiyi Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong He
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhujun Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yunmin Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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Li G, Chen Y, Zhao X, Yang J, Wang X, Li X, Hu S, Hou H. Genome-Wide Analysis of the Growth-Regulating Factor (GRF) Family in Aquatic Plants and Their Roles in the ABA-Induced Turion Formation of Spirodela polyrhiza. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810485. [PMID: 36142399 PMCID: PMC9499638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that play essential roles in regulating plant growth and stress response. The GRF gene families have been described in several terrestrial plants, but a comprehensive analysis of these genes in diverse aquatic species has not been reported yet. In this study, we identified 130 GRF genes in 13 aquatic plants, including floating plants (Azolla filiculoides, Wolffia australiana, Lemna minuta, Spirodela intermedia, and Spirodela polyrhiza), floating-leaved plants (Nymphaea colorata and Euryale ferox), submersed plants (Zostera marina, Ceratophyllum demersum, Aldrovanda vesiculosa, and Utricularia gibba), an emergent plant (Nelumbo nucifera), and an amphibious plant (Cladopus chinensis). The gene structures, motifs, and cis-acting regulatory elements of these genes were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis divided these GRFs into five clusters, and ABRE cis-elements were highly enriched in the promoter region of the GRFs in floating plants. We found that abscisic acid (ABA) is efficient at inducing the turion of Spirodela polyrhiza (giant duckweed), accompanied by the fluctuated expression of SpGRF genes in their fronds. Our results provide information about the GRF gene family in aquatic species and lay the foundation for future studies on the functions of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaojie Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuyao Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (H.H.)
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaozhe Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (H.H.)
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Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the Growth-Regulating Factor Family in Zanthoxylum armatum DC and Functional Analysis of ZaGRF6 in Leaf Size and Longevity Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169043. [PMID: 36012309 PMCID: PMC9409285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that play an important role in plant growth and development. In this study, fifteen GRF gene members containing QLQ and WRC domains were identified in Zanthoxylum armatum. Phylogenetic and collinearity analysis showed that ZaGRFs were closely related to CsGRFs and AtGRFs, and distantly related to OsGRFs. There are a large number of cis-acting elements related to hormone response and stress induction in the GRF gene promoter region of Z. armatum. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that except for ZaGRF7, all the ZaGRFs were highly expressed in young parts with active growth and development, including terminal buds, seeds, and young flowers, suggesting their key roles in Z. armatum growth and development. Eight ZaGRFs were selected to investigate the transcriptional response to auxin, gibberellin and drought treatments. A total of six ZaGRFs in the NAA treatment, four ZaGRFs in the GA3 treatment, and six ZaGRFs in the PEG treatment were induced and significantly up-regulated. Overexpression of ZaGRF6 increased branching and chlorophyll content and delayed senescence of transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana. ZaGRF6 increased the expression of CRF2 and suppressed the expression of ARR4 and CKX1, indicating that ZaGRF6 is involved in cytokinin metabolism and signal transduction. These research results lay a foundation for further analysis of the GRF gene function of Z. armatum and provide candidate genes for growth, development, and stress resistance breeding of Z. armatum.
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Du W, Yang J, Li Q, Su Q, Yi D, Pang Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Growth Regulatory Factor Family Genes in Medicago. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136905. [PMID: 35805911 PMCID: PMC9266564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth Regulatory Factors (GRF) are plant-specific transcription factors that play critical roles in plant growth and development as well as plant tolerance against stress. In this study, a total of 16 GRF genes were identified from the genomes of Medicago truncatula and Medicago sativa. Multiple sequence alignment analysis showed that all these members contain conserved QLQ and WRC domains. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that these GRF proteins could be classified into five clusters. The GRF genes showed similar exon–intron organizations and similar architectures in their conserved motifs. Many stress-related cis-acting elements were found in their promoter region, and most of them were related to drought and defense response. In addition, analyses on microarray and transcriptome data indicated that these GRF genes exhibited distinct expression patterns in various tissues or in response to drought and salt treatments. In particular, qPCR results showed that the expression levels of gene pairs MtGRF2–MsGRF2 and MtGRF6–MsGRF6 were significantly increased under NaCl and mannitol treatments, indicating that they are most likely involved in salt and drought stress tolerance. Collectively, our study is valuable for further investigation on the function of GRF genes in Medicago and for the exploration of GRF genes in the molecular breeding of highly resistant M. sativa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Du
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Junfeng Yang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Qian Li
- West Arid Region Grassland Resource and Ecology Key Laboratory, College of Grassland and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
| | - Qian Su
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010010, China;
| | - Dengxia Yi
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence: (D.Y.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yongzhen Pang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence: (D.Y.); (Y.P.)
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Comprehensive Analysis for GRF Transcription Factors in Sacred Lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126673. [PMID: 35743113 PMCID: PMC9224289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is an aquatic perennial plant with essential food, ornamental, and pharmacological value. Growth-regulating factor (GRF) is a transcription factor (TF) family that plays an important role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the GRF family in N. nucifera was performed, and its role in N. nucifera development was studied. A total of eight GRF genes were identified in the N. nucifera genome. Phylogenetic analysis divided the 38 GRF genes into six clades, while the NuGRFs only contained five clades. The analyses of gene structures, motifs, and cis-acting regulatory elements of the GRF gene family were performed. In addition, the chromosome location and collinearity were analyzed. The expression pattern based on transcriptomic data and real-time reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that the GRF genes were expressed in multiple organs and were abundant in actively growing tissues, and the expression levels decreased as the age of N. nucifera increased. Then, 3D structures of the NuGRF proteins were predicted by homology modeling. Finally, the subcellular localization of GRF1 was ascertained in the tobacco leaf through a vector. Therefore, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the GRF TF family in N. nucifera.
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Liu K, Kabir N, Wei Z, Sun Z, Wang J, Qi J, Liu M, Liu J, Zhou K. Genome-wide identification and expression profile of GhGRF gene family in Gossypium hirsutum L.. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13372. [PMID: 35586135 PMCID: PMC9109687 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cotton is the primary source of renewable natural fiber in the textile industry and an important biodiesel crop. Growth regulating factors (GRFs) are involved in regulating plant growth and development. Methods Using genome-wide analysis, we identified 35 GRF genes in Gossypium hirsutum. Results Chromosomal location information revealed an uneven distribution of GhGRF genes, with maximum genes on chromosomes A02, A05, and A12 from the At sub-genome and their corresponding D05 and D12 from the Dt sub-genome. In the phylogenetic tree, 35 GRF genes were divided into five groups, including G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5. The majority of GhGRF genes have two to three introns and three to four exons, and their deduced proteins contained conserved QLQ and WRC domains in the N-terminal end of GRFs in Arabidopsis and rice. Sequence logos revealed that GRF genes were highly conserved during the long-term evolutionary process. The CDS of the GhGRF gene can complement MiRNA396a. Moreover, most GhGRF genes transcripts developed high levels of ovules and fibers. Analyses of promoter cis-elements and expression patterns indicated that GhGRF genes play an essential role in regulating plant growth and development by coordinating the internal and external environment and multiple hormone signaling pathways. Our analysis indicated that GhGRFs are ideal target genes with significant potential for improving the molecular structure of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Nosheen Kabir
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Zhuojing Sun
- Development Center for Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Miaoyang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Ji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Kehai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
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Li M, Zheng Y, Cui D, Du Y, Zhang D, Sun W, Du H, Zhang Z. GIF1 controls ear inflorescence architecture and floral development by regulating key genes in hormone biosynthesis and meristem determinacy in maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:127. [PMID: 35303806 PMCID: PMC8932133 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflorescence architecture and floral development in flowering plants are determined by genetic control of meristem identity, determinacy, and maintenance. The ear inflorescence meristem in maize (Zea mays) initiates short branch meristems called spikelet pair meristems, thus unlike the tassel inflorescence, the ears lack long branches. Maize growth-regulating factor (GRF)-interacting factor1 (GIF1) regulates branching and size of meristems in the tassel inflorescence by binding to Unbranched3. However, the regulatory pathway of gif1 in ear meristems is relatively unknown. RESULT In this study, we found that loss-of-function gif1 mutants had highly branched ears, and these extra branches repeatedly produce more branches and florets with unfused carpels and an indeterminate floral apex. In addition, GIF1 interacted in vivo with nine GRFs, subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, and hormone biosynthesis-related proteins. Furthermore, key meristem-determinacy gene RAMOSA2 (RA2) and CLAVATA signaling-related gene CLV3/ENDOSPERM SURROUNDING REGION (ESR) 4a (CLE4a) were directly bound and regulated by GIF1 in the ear inflorescence. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that GIF1 working together with GRFs recruits SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling ATPases to influence DNA accessibility in the regions that contain genes involved in hormone biosynthesis, meristem identity and determinacy, thus driving the fate of axillary meristems and floral organ primordia in the ear-inflorescence of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfei Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hewei Du
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zuxin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Tsukaya H. The leaf meristem enigma: The relationship between the plate meristem and the marginal meristem. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:3194-3206. [PMID: 34289073 PMCID: PMC8505865 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Leaf organogenesis is governed by the spatiotemporal activity of the leaf meristem, which has far greater mitotic activity than the shoot apical meristem. The two types of leaf meristems, the plate meristem and the marginal meristem, are distinguished by the location and longevity of their cell proliferative activity. Most leaf lamina outgrowth depends on the plate meristem. The presence of the marginal meristem was a matter of debate in classic anatomy, but recent genetic analyses of leaf growth in Arabidopsis thaliana confirmed its short-lived activity. Several genes key for the regulation of the two meristem types have been identified, and at least superficially, the systems appear to function independently, as they are regulated by different transcription factors and microRNAs. However, many of the details of these regulatory systems, including how the expression of these key factors is spatially regulated, remain unclear. One major unsolved question is the relationship between the plate meristem and the marginal meristem. Here, I present an overview of our current understanding of this topic and discuss questions that remain to be answered.
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Transient expression of a TaGRF4-TaGIF1 complex stimulates wheat regeneration and improves genome editing. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:731-738. [PMID: 34406572 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Genome editing is an unprecedented technological breakthrough but low plant regeneration frequencies and genotype dependence hinder its implementation for crop improvement. Here, we found that transient expression of a complex of the growth regulators TaGRF4 and TaGIF1 (TaGRF4-TaGIF1) increased regeneration and genome editing frequency in wheat. When we introduced synonymous mutation in the miR396 target site of TaGRF4, the resulting complex (mTaGRF4-TaGIF1) performed better than original TaGRF4-TaGIF1. Use of mTaGRF4-TaGIF1 together with a cytosine base editor targeting TaALS resulted in 2-9-fold increases in regeneration and transgene-free genome editing in 11 elite common wheat cultivars. Therefore, mTaGRF4-TaGIF1 will undoubtedly be of great value in crop improvement and especially in commercial applications, since it greatly increased the range of cultivars available for transformation.
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Gao L, Yang G, Li Y, Sun Y, Xu R, Chen Y, Wang Z, Xing J, Zhang Y. A kelch-repeat superfamily gene, ZmNL4, controls leaf width in maize (Zea mays L.). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:817-830. [PMID: 34009654 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaf width (LW) is an important component of plant architecture that extensively affects both light capture during photosynthesis and grain yield, particularly under dense planting conditions. However, the genetic and molecular mechanisms regulating LW remain largely elusive in maize (Zea mays L.). In this study, qLW4a, a major quantitative trait locus controlling LW, was identified in a population constructed with maize inbred lines PH6WC, with wide leaves, and Lin387, with narrow leaves. Map-based cloning revealed that ZmNL4, a kelch-repeat superfamily gene, emerged to be the candidate for qLW4a, and a single-base deletion in the conserved SMC_prok_B domain of ZmNL4 in Lin387 caused a frame shift, leading to premature termination. Consistently, the knockout of ZmNL4 by CRISPR/Cas9 editing significantly reduced the LW, which was attributed to a reduction in the cell number instead of cell size, indicating a role of ZmNL4 in regulating cell division. Transcriptomic comparison of ZmNL4 knockout lines with the wild type B73-329 revealed that ZmNL4 might participate in cell wall biogenesis, asymmetric cell division, metabolic processes, transmembrane transport and response to external stimulus, etc. These results provide insights into the genetic and molecular mechanisms of ZmNL4 in controlling LW and could potentially contribute to optimizing plant architecture for maize breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guanghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruibin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiewen Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yirong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Peng B, Zhao X, Wang Y, Li C, Li Y, Zhang D, Shi Y, Song Y, Wang L, Li Y, Wang T. Genome-wide association studies of leaf angle in maize. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:50. [PMID: 37309541 PMCID: PMC10236034 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Compact plant-type with small leaf angle has increased canopy light interception, which is conducive to the photosynthesis of the population and higher population yield at high density planting in maize. In this study, a panel of 285 diverse maize inbred lines genotyped with 56,000 SNPs was used to investigate the genetic basis of leaf angle across 3 consecutive years using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The leaf angle showed broad phenotypic variation and high heritability across different years. Population structure analysis subdivided the panel into four subgroups that correspond to the four major empirical germplasm origins in China, i.e., Tangsipingtou, Reid, Lancaster and P. When tested with the optimal GWAS model, we found that the Q + K model was the best in reducing false positive. In total, 96 SNPs accounting for 5.54-10.44% of phenotypic variation were significantly (P < 0.0001) associated with leaf angle across three years. According to the linkage disequilibrium decay distance, 96 SNPs were binned into 43 QTLs for leaf angle. Seven major QTLs with R2 > 8% stably detected in at least 2 years, and BLUP values were clustered in four genomic regions (bins 2.01, 2.07, 5.06, and 10.04). Seven important candidate genes, Zm00001d001961, Zm00001d006348, Zm00001d006463, Zm00001d017618, Zm00001d024919, Zm00001d025018, and Zm00001d025033 were predicted for the seven stable major QTLs, respectively. The markers identified in this study can be used for molecular breeding for leaf angle, and the candidate genes would contribute to further understanding of the genetic basis of leaf angle. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01241-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Tianjin Crop Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, 300384 Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhao
- Tianjin Crop Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, 300384 Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Tianjin Crop Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, 300384 Tianjin, China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Dengfeng Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yunsu Shi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yanchun Song
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Lei Wang
- Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Handan, 056001 Hebei China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
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38
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Liu Y, Yan J, Wang K, Li D, Yang R, Luo H, Zhang W. MiR396-GRF module associates with switchgrass biomass yield and feedstock quality. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1523-1536. [PMID: 33567151 PMCID: PMC8384596 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Improving plant biomass yield and/or feedstock quality for highly efficient lignocellulose conversion has been the main research focus in genetic modification of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a dedicated model plant for biofuel production. Here, we proved that overexpression of miR396 (OE-miR396) leads to reduced plant height and lignin content mainly by reducing G-lignin monomer content. We identified nineteen PvGRFs in switchgrass and proved thirteen of them were cleaved by miR396. MiR396-targeted PvGRF1, PvGRF9 and PvGRF3 showed significantly higher expression in stem. By separately overexpressing rPvGRF1, 3 and 9, in which synonymous mutations abolished the miR396 target sites, and suppression of PvGRF1/3/9 activity via PvGRF1/3/9-SRDX overexpression in switchgrass, we confirmed PvGRF1 and PvGRF9 played positive roles in improving plant height and G-lignin content. Overexpression of PvGRF9 was sufficient to complement the defective phenotype of OE-miR396 plants. MiR396-PvGRF9 modulates these traits partly by interfering GA and auxin biosynthesis and signalling transduction and cell wall lignin, glucose and xylan biosynthesis pathways. Moreover, by enzymatic hydrolysis analyses, we found that overexpression of rPvGRF9 significantly enhanced per plant sugar yield. Our results suggest that PvGRF9 can be utilized as a candidate molecular tool in modifying plant biomass yield and feedstock quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Liu
- College of Grassland Science and technologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jianping Yan
- College of Grassland Science and technologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Kexin Wang
- College of Grassland Science and technologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Dayong Li
- College of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Rui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural ApplicationCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Genetics and BiochemistryClemson UniversityClemsonSCUSA
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and technologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Lab of Grassland Science in BeijingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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Tang Y, Cheng W, Li S, Li Y, Wang X, Xie J, He Y, Wang Y, Niu Y, Bao X, Wu Q. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the growth regulating factor (GRF) family in Jatropha curcas. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254711. [PMID: 34265005 PMCID: PMC8282010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
GRF genes have been confirmed to have important regulatory functions in plant growth, development and response to abiotic stress. Although the genome of Jatropha curcas is sequenced, knowledge about the identification of the species' GRF genes and their expression patterns is still lacking. In this study, we characterized the 10 JcGRF genes. A detailed investigation into the physic nut GRF gene family is performed, including analysis of the exon-intron structure, conserved domains, conserved motifs, phylogeny, chromosomal locations, potential small RNA targets and expression profiles under both normal growth and abiotic stress conditions. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 10 JcGRF genes were classified into five groups corresponding to group I, II, III, IV and V. The analysis of conserved domains showed that the motifs of JcGRF genes were highly conserved in Jatropha curcas. Expression analysis based on RNA-seq and qRT-PCR showed that almost all JcGRF genes had the highest expression in seeds, but very low expression was detected in the non-seed tissues tested, and four JcGRF genes responded to at least one abiotic stress at at least one treatment point. Our research will provide an important scientific basis for further research on the potential functions of JcGRF genes in Jatropha curcas growth and development, and response to abiotic stress, and will eventually provide candidate genes for the breeding of Jatropha curcas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Tang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Shen Li
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Jiatong Xie
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Yingying He
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Yaoyu Wang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Yiru Niu
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Xinxin Bao
- School of Journalism and Communication, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Qian Wu
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
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40
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Wang H, Kong F, Zhou C. From genes to networks: The genetic control of leaf development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1181-1196. [PMID: 33615731 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Substantial diversity exists for both the size and shape of the leaf, the main photosynthetic organ of flowering plants. The two major forms of leaf are simple leaves, in which the leaf blade is undivided, and compound leaves, which comprise several leaflets. Leaves form at the shoot apical meristem from a group of undifferentiated cells, which first establish polarity, then grow and differentiate. Each of these processes is controlled by a combination of transcriptional regulators, microRNAs and phytohormones. The present review documents recent advances in our understanding of how these various factors modulate the development of both simple leaves (focusing mainly on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana) and compound leaves (focusing mainly on the model legume species Medicago truncatula).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chuanen Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266101, China
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41
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Guo F, Hou L, Ma C, Li G, Lin R, Zhao Y, Wang X. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the peanut semi-dwarf mutant 1 reveals regulatory mechanism involved in plant height. Gene 2021; 791:145722. [PMID: 34010708 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant height is a fundamentally crucial agronomic trait to control crop growth and high yield cultivation. Several studies have been conducted on the understanding ofmolecular genetic bases of plant height in model plants and crops. However, the molecular mechanism underlying peanut plant height development is stilluncertain. In the present study, we created a peanut mutant library by fast neutron irradiation using peanut variety SH13 and identified a semi-dwarf mutant 1 (sdm1). At 84 DAP (days after planting), the main stem of sdm1 was only about 62% of SH13. The internode length of sdm1 hydroponic seedlings was found significantly shorter than that of SH13 at 14 DAP. In addition, the foliar spraying of exogenous IAA could partially restore the semi-dwarf phenotype of sdm1. Transcriptome data indicated that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between sdm1 and SH13 significantly enriched in diterpenoid biosynthesis, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, brassinosteroid biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism and plant hormone signal transduction. The expression trend of most of the genes involved in IAA and JA pathway showed significantly down- and up- regulation, which may be one of the key factors of the sdm1 semi-dwarf phenotype. Moreover, several transcription factorsand cell wall relatedgenes were expressed differentially between sdm1 and SH13. Conclusively, this research work not only provided important clues to unveil the molecular mechanism of peanut plant height regulation, but also presented basic materials for breeding peanut cultivars with ideal plant height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengdan Guo
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China; Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Lei Hou
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China; Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Changle Ma
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Ruxia Lin
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China; Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Yanxiu Zhao
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China.
| | - Xingjun Wang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China; Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, PR China.
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42
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Omidbakhshfard MA, Sokolowska EM, Di Vittori V, Perez de Souza L, Kuhalskaya A, Brotman Y, Alseekh S, Fernie AR, Skirycz A. Multi-omics analysis of early leaf development in Arabidopsis thaliana. PATTERNS 2021; 2:100235. [PMID: 33982025 PMCID: PMC8085607 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2021.100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The growth of plant organs is driven by cell division and subsequent cell expansion. The transition from proliferation to expansion is critical for the final organ size and plant yield. Exit from proliferation and onset of expansion is accompanied by major metabolic reprogramming, and in leaves with the establishment of photosynthesis. To learn more about the molecular mechanisms underlying the developmental and metabolic transitions important for plant growth, we used untargeted proteomics and metabolomics analyses to profile young leaves of a model plant Arabidopsis thaliana representing proliferation, transition, and expansion stages. The dataset presented represents a unique resource comprising approximately 4,000 proteins and 300 annotated small-molecular compounds measured across 6 consecutive days of leaf growth. These can now be mined for novel developmental and metabolic regulators of plant growth and can act as a blueprint for studies aimed at better defining the interface of development and metabolism in other species. Untargeted metabolomics and proteomics characterization of early leaf growth Translation is the primary determiner of protein abundance during early leaf growth 12-OPDA accumulation coincides with meristem arrest
Developmental and metabolic transitions occurring during plant growth are critical for crop yield. The multi-omics dataset presented here was generated to enable the identification of novel molecular players involved in the regulation of plant growth. It comprised approximately 4,000 proteins and 300 annotated small-molecular compounds, measured across early leaf development spanning major developmental transitions. As such, the work provides a blueprint for studies aimed at better defining the interface between metabolism and development, an appreciated yet understudied research frontier across all kingdoms of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valerio Di Vittori
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Anastasiya Kuhalskaya
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.,Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.,Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.,Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.,Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA
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43
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Lu Y, Zeng J, Liu Q. The Rice miR396-GRF-GIF-SWI/SNF Module: A Player in GA Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:786641. [PMID: 35087553 PMCID: PMC8786800 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.786641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice Growth-Regulating Factors (GRFs) were originally identified to be gibberellin (GA)-induced, but the nature of GA induction has remained unknown because most reports thereafter focused on revealing their roles in growth-promoting activities. GRFs have the WRC (Trp, Arg, Cys) domain to target DNA and contain the QLQ (Gln, Leu, Gln) domain to interact with GRF-Interacting Factor (GIF), which recruits ATP-dependent DNA translocase Switch/Sucrose Non-fermenting (SWI/SNF) for chromatin remodeling. Both GRFs and GIFs exhibit transcriptional activities but GIFs lack a DNA-binding domain. So, GRFs act like a navigator in the GRF-GIF-SWI/SNF complex, determining when and where the complex should work on. The levels of most rice GRFs can be sensitively regulated by miR396, which responds to many developmental and environmental factors. Recent clues from several studies highlight the original question of how GRFs participate in GA signaling. DELLA (contain DELLA motif) protein plays dual roles in controlling the level of GRFs by regulating the level of miR396 and interacting with GRFs. Here we address the question of why this complex plays an essential role in controlling plant growth focusing on the action of GA signaling pivot, DELLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Lu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuzhu Lu
| | - Jia Zeng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Qiaoquan Liu
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Liu SX, Qin B, Fang QX, Zhang WJ, Zhang ZY, Liu YC, Li WJ, Du C, Liu XX, Zhang YL, Guo YX. Genome-wide identification, phylogeny and expression analysis of the bZIP gene family in Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa). BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1938674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xia Liu
- Department of Crop Cultivation, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, PR China
- Laboratory of Economic Plants, Crop Cultivation Center, Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Daqing, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Bin Qin
- Department of Crop Cultivation, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Qing-xi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhang
- Department of Crop Cultivation, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Zhe-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yang-Cheng Liu
- Department of Crop Cultivation, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Wei-Jia Li
- Department of Crop Cultivation, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Chao Du
- Department of Crop Cultivation, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xian-xian Liu
- Department of Crop Cultivation, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - You-li Zhang
- Department of Crop Cultivation, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yong-Xia Guo
- Department of Crop Cultivation, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, PR China
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Kumar V, Donev EN, Barbut FR, Kushwah S, Mannapperuma C, Urbancsok J, Mellerowicz EJ. Genome-Wide Identification of Populus Malectin/Malectin-Like Domain-Containing Proteins and Expression Analyses Reveal Novel Candidates for Signaling and Regulation of Wood Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:588846. [PMID: 33414796 PMCID: PMC7783096 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.588846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Malectin domain (MD) is a ligand-binding protein motif of pro- and eukaryotes. It is particularly abundant in Viridiplantae, where it occurs as either a single (MD, PF11721) or tandemly duplicated domain (PF12819) called malectin-like domain (MLD). In herbaceous plants, MD- or MLD-containing proteins (MD proteins) are known to regulate development, reproduction, and resistance to various stresses. However, their functions in woody plants have not yet been studied. To unravel their potential role in wood development, we carried out genome-wide identification of MD proteins in the model tree species black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa), and analyzed their expression and co-expression networks. P. trichocarpa had 146 MD genes assigned to 14 different clades, two of which were specific to the genus Populus. 87% of these genes were located on chromosomes, the rest being associated with scaffolds. Based on their protein domain organization, and in agreement with the exon-intron structures, the MD genes identified here could be classified into five superclades having the following domains: leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-MD-protein kinase (PK), MLD-LRR-PK, MLD-PK (CrRLK1L), MLD-LRR, and MD-Kinesin. Whereas the majority of MD genes were highly expressed in leaves, particularly under stress conditions, eighteen showed a peak of expression during secondary wall formation in the xylem and their co-expression networks suggested signaling functions in cell wall integrity, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, calcium, ROS, and hormone pathways. Thus, P. trichocarpa MD genes having different domain organizations comprise many genes with putative foliar defense functions, some of which could be specific to Populus and related species, as well as genes with potential involvement in signaling pathways in other tissues including developing wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Kumar
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Evgeniy N. Donev
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Félix R. Barbut
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sunita Kushwah
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Chanaka Mannapperuma
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - János Urbancsok
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ewa J. Mellerowicz
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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46
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Wang J, Zhou H, Zhao Y, Sun P, Tang F, Song X, Lu MZ. Characterization of poplar growth-regulating factors and analysis of their function in leaf size control. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:509. [PMID: 33153427 PMCID: PMC7643314 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that control organ size. Nineteen GRF genes were identified in the Populus trichocarpa genome and one was reported to control leaf size mainly by regulating cell expansion. In this study, we further characterize the roles of the other poplar GRFs in leaf size control in a similar manner. RESULTS The 19 poplar GRF genes were clustered into six groups according to their phylogenetic relationship with Arabidopsis GRFs. Bioinformatic analysis, degradome, and transient transcription assays showed that 18 poplar GRFs were regulated by miR396, with GRF12b the only exception. The functions of PagGRF6b (Pag, Populus alba × P. glandulosa), PagGRF7a, PagGRF12a, and PagGRF12b, representing three different groups, were investigated. The results show that PagGRF6b may have no function on leaf size control, while PagGRF7a functions as a negative regulator of leaf size by regulating cell expansion. By contrast, PagGRF12a and PagGRF12b may function as positive regulators of leaf size control by regulating both cell proliferation and expansion, primarily cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS The diversity of poplar GRFs in leaf size control may facilitate the specific, coordinated regulation of poplar leaf development through fine adjustment of cell proliferation and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Houjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Pengbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Fang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Meng-Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
- Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Wang R, Qian J, Fang Z, Tang J. Transcriptomic and physiological analyses of rice seedlings under different nitrogen supplies provide insight into the regulation involved in axillary bud outgrowth. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:197. [PMID: 32380960 PMCID: PMC7206722 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N is an important macronutrient required for plant development and significantly influences axillary bud outgrowth, which affects tillering and grain yield of rice. However, how different N concentrations affect axillary bud growth at the molecular and transcriptional levels remains unclear. RESULTS In this study, morphological changes in the axillary bud growth of rice seedlings under different N concentrations ranging from low to high levels were systematically observed. To investigate the expression of N-induced genes involved in axillary bud growth, we used RNA-seq technology to generate mRNA transcriptomic data from two tissue types, basal parts and axillary buds, of plants grown under six different N concentrations. In total, 10,221 and 12,180 DEGs induced by LN or HN supplies were identified in the basal parts and axillary buds, respectively, via comparisons to expression levels under NN level. Analysis of the coexpression modules from the DEGs of the basal parts and axillary buds revealed an abundance of related biological processes underlying the axillary bud growth of plants under N treatments. Among these processes, the activity of cell division and expansion was positively correlated with the growth rate of axillary buds of plants grown under different N supplies. Additionally, TFs and phytohormones were shown to play roles in determining the axillary bud growth of plants grown under different N concentrations. We have validated the functions of OsGS1;2 and OsGS2 through the rice transgenic plants with altered tiller numbers, illustrating the important valve of our transcriptomic data. CONCLUSION These results indicate that different N concentrations affect the axillary bud growth rate, and our study show comprehensive expression profiles of genes that respond to different N concentrations, providing an important resource for future studies attempting to determine how axillary bud growth is controlled by different N supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongna Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Junjie Qian
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhongming Fang
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| | - Jihua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Vercruysse J, Baekelandt A, Gonzalez N, Inzé D. Molecular networks regulating cell division during Arabidopsis leaf growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2365-2378. [PMID: 31748815 PMCID: PMC7178401 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Leaves are the primary organs for photosynthesis, and as such have a pivotal role for plant growth and development. Leaf development is a multifactorial and dynamic process involving many genes that regulate size, shape, and differentiation. The processes that mainly drive leaf development are cell proliferation and cell expansion, and numerous genes have been identified that, when ectopically expressed or down-regulated, increase cell number and/or cell size during leaf growth. Many of the genes regulating cell proliferation are functionally interconnected and can be grouped into regulatory modules. Here, we review our current understanding of six important gene regulatory modules affecting cell proliferation during Arabidopsis leaf growth: ubiquitin receptor DA1-ENHANCER OF DA1 (EOD1), GROWTH REGULATING FACTOR (GRF)-GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR (GIF), SWITCH/SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING (SWI/SNF), gibberellin (GA)-DELLA, KLU, and PEAPOD (PPD). Furthermore, we discuss how post-mitotic cell expansion and these six modules regulating cell proliferation make up the final leaf size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmien Vercruysse
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Baekelandt
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, UMR1332 Biologie du fruit et Pathologie, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, Villenave d’Ornon cedex, France
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Rossmann S, Richter R, Sun H, Schneeberger K, Töpfer R, Zyprian E, Theres K. Mutations in the miR396 binding site of the growth-regulating factor gene VvGRF4 modulate inflorescence architecture in grapevine. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:1234-1248. [PMID: 31663642 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Bunch rot caused by Botrytis cinerea infections is a notorious problem in grapevine cultivation. To produce high quality fruits, grapevine plants are treated with fungicides, which is cost intensive and harmful to the environment. Conversely, loose cluster bunches show a considerably enhanced physical resilience to bunch diseases. With the aim to identify genetic determinants that modulate the development of bunch architecture, we have compared loose and compact 'Pinot noir' clones. Loose cluster architecture was found to be correlated with increased berry size, elongated rachis and elongated pedicels. Using transcriptome analysis in combination with whole genome sequencing, we have identified a growth-regulating factor gene, VvGRF4, upregulated and harbours heterozygous mutations in the loose cluster clones. At late stages of inflorescence development, the mRNA pools of loose cluster clones contain predominantly mRNAs derived from the mutated alleles, which are resistant to miR396 degradation. Expression of the VvGRF4 gene and its mutated variants in Arabidopsis demonstrates that it promotes pedicel elongation. Taken together, VvGRF4 modulates bunch architecture in grapevine 'Pinot noir' clones. This trait can be introduced into other cultivars using marker-assisted breeding or CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Related growth-regulating factors or other genes of the same pathway may have similar functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rossmann
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Richter
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Julius-Kuehn Institute, 76833, Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Hequan Sun
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Reinhard Töpfer
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Julius-Kuehn Institute, 76833, Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Eva Zyprian
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Julius-Kuehn Institute, 76833, Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Theres
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50931, Cologne, Germany
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50
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Piya S, Liu J, Burch-Smith T, Baum TJ, Hewezi T. A role for Arabidopsis growth-regulating factors 1 and 3 in growth-stress antagonism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1402-1417. [PMID: 31701146 PMCID: PMC7031083 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) belong to a small family of transcription factors that are highly conserved in plants. GRFs regulate many developmental processes and plant responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. Despite the importance of GRFs, a detailed mechanistic understanding of their regulatory functions is still lacking. In this study, we used ChIP sequencing (ChIP-seq) to identify genome-wide binding sites of Arabidopsis GRF1 and GRF3, and correspondingly their direct downstream target genes. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that GRF1 and GRF3 regulate the expression of a significant number of the identified direct targets. The target genes unveiled broad regulatory functions of GRF1 and GRF3 in plant growth and development, phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, and the cell cycle. Our analyses also revealed that clock core genes and genes with stress- and defense-related functions are most predominant among the GRF1- and GRF3-bound targets, providing insights into a possible role for these transcription factors in mediating growth-defense antagonism and integrating environmental stimuli into developmental programs. Additionally, GRF1 and GRF3 target molecular nodes of growth-defense antagonism and modulate the levels of defense- and development-related hormones in opposite directions. Taken together, our results point to GRF1 and GRF3 as potential key determinants of plant fitness under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbottam Piya
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jinyi Liu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Present address: College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Tessa Burch-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas J Baum
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Tarek Hewezi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Correspondence:
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