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Fang H, Li J, Zhang L, Li B, Song J, Lu X, Niu Q, Wang L. LncRNA 51A: A promising diagnostic biomarker for assessing cognitive decline in occupationally exposed aluminum workers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 111:104548. [PMID: 39222898 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic utility of lncRNA 51 A in detecting cognitive decline among aluminum-exposed workers occupationally. METHODS 921 male workers from an aluminum manufacturing facility underwent cognitive assessments, measurement of plasma aluminum levels and quantification of lncRNA 51 A levels. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to assess the diagnostic potential of lncRNA 51 A. Bayesian network model was utilized to predict the likelihood of cognitive decline among the study population. RESULTS Significant differences in lncRNA 51 A levels, plasma aluminum concentration and MMSE scores were observed between cognitive normal and decline groups. The lncRNA 51 A expression was negatively correlated with MMSE scores. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.894, with 89.3 % sensitivity and 73.9 % specificity. The Bayesian network model indicated varying probabilities of cognitive decline based on lncRNA 51 A expression levels. CONCLUSION Plasma lncRNA 51 A shows potential as an excellent biomarker for cognitive decline diagnosis in aluminum-exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailun Fang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Baichun Li
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impairment and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoting Lu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impairment and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impairment and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Linping Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impairment and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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Nichols E, Gross AL, Zhang YS, Meijer E, Hayat S, Steptoe A, Langa KM, Lee J. Considerations for the use of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) in cross-country comparisons of cognitive aging and dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:4635-4648. [PMID: 38805356 PMCID: PMC11247671 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Informant reports are a critical component of dementia diagnoses, but the comparability of informant reports across countries is not well understood. METHODS We compared the performance of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) using population-representative surveys in the United States (N = 3183), England (N = 1050), and India (N = 4047). RESULTS Analyses of regression splines and comparisons of model fit showed strong associations between IQCODE and objective cognition at low cognitive functioning in the United States and England; in India, the association was weaker but consistent over the range of cognition. Associations between IQCODE score and informant generation (analysis of variance [ANOVA] p = 0.001), caregiver status (p < 0.001), and years known by the informant (p = 0.015) were different across countries after adjusting for objective cognition. DISCUSSION In India, the IQCODE was less sensitive to impairments at the lowest levels of cognitive functioning. Country-specific adjustments to IQCODE scoring based on informant characteristics may improve cross-national comparisons. HIGHLIGHTS Associations between IQCODE and cognitive testing were similar in the United States and England but differed in India. In India, the IQCODE may be less sensitive to impairments among those with low cognition and no education. Informant characteristics may differentially impact informant reports of decline across countries. Adjustments or culturally sensitive adaptations may improve cross-national comparability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Nichols
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alden L Gross
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Johns Hopkins University Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuan S Zhang
- Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Erik Meijer
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shabina Hayat
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kenneth M Langa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jinkook Lee
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Kochovska S, Iyer R, Chang S, Ferreira D, Brunelli VN, Kinchin I, Eckert DJ, Clark J, Sandberg J, Ekström M, Currow D, Rajan S. Prevalence, severity and impacts of breathlessness in Indian adults: An exploratory, nationally representative, cross-sectional online survey. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002655. [PMID: 38696528 PMCID: PMC11065295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
There are no known estimates of the prevalence, severity and impacts from breathlessness in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to explore the prevalence, severity, self-attributed underlying conditions and impacts of breathlessness limiting exertion in community-dwelling adults in India. This exploratory, population-based online survey recruited a pre-planned sample of 3,000 adult respondents stratified by age, sex and rurality (quotas as per the 2011 Indian National Census). Measures included: demographics; breathlessness limiting exertion (modified Medical Research [mMRC] scale); health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L); and disability (World Health Organisation's Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 12-item questionnaire [WHODAS-12]). Respondents (n = 3,046) had a mean age of 38 years (SD 15); 57% were male, 59% lived in rural areas and 33% had completed 12th grade. Breathlessness limiting exertion (mMRC ≥1) was reported by 44%, mostly attributed to poor nutrition (28%), lung conditions excluding tuberculosis (17%) or anaemia (13%). Compared to those without breathlessness, a higher proportion of people with breathlessness (mMRC ≥1) reported problems across all EQ-5D-5L dimensions. Most people reporting breathlessness (81%) indicated the symptom had adversely affected their normal activities. Disability scores (WHODAS-12 total and individual domains) increased as breathlessness worsened. To conclude, in India, conservative estimates indicate 626 million people live with breathlessness of whom 52 million people live with severe breathlessness. The symptom is associated with poorer health-related quality of life and marked disability, including reduced ability to perform daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Kochovska
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rajam Iyer
- P.D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sungwon Chang
- IMPACCT, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diana Ferreira
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vanessa N. Brunelli
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Irina Kinchin
- Centre for Health Policy and Management, Discipline of Public Health & Primary Care, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Danny J. Eckert
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joseph Clark
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull University, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Sandberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Ekström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Currow
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sujeet Rajan
- Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Garcia JM, Sehgal J, Thompson JL, Woods SP, Medina LD. The Relationship Between Apathy and Cognitive Impairment Among Hispanic/Latin Americans: A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Systematic Review. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2024; 37:175-193. [PMID: 37855134 DOI: 10.1177/08919887231207640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary aim was to evaluate apathy assessment measures in relation to cognitive impairment among Hispanic/Latin Americans. METHODS A systematic review on the relationship between apathy and cognitive impairment among Hispanic/Latin Americans across normal aging and neurocognitive disorders was conducted according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and using APA PsycInfo, Embase, and PubMed databases. Inclusion criteria required (1) a sample of English or Spanish-speaking adults ages 18 years and older, (2) with measures of apathy, (3) assessment of cognitive functioning or diagnosis of neurocognitive disorder, (4) with at least 18.5% Hispanic/Latin American represented in the sample. RESULTS Only 14 papers met criteria to be included in this review. Of the 12 cross-sectional studies, 9 demonstrated significant associations between increased apathy and cognitive impairment, 1 demonstrated a descriptive difference between apathy and cognitive status (ie, no hypothesis test conducted), while 2 demonstrated null effects. These cross-sectional studies consisted of community and clinic samples of participants across North and South America. Two longitudinal studies conducted in North America demonstrated non-significant associations of apathy with cognitive status. CONCLUSIONS The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) apathy subscales were the most used measures for apathy in this review (85.7% of included studies). However, validity evidence from a review of apathy measures has warranted caution against the use of the NPI outside the context of screening for apathy. This potential measurement bias with Hispanic/Latin Americans apathy research limits conclusions drawn from the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Garcia
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jai Sehgal
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Luis D Medina
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Sagar R, Talwar S, Verma R, Tripathi M. Translation and Adaptation of Cognistat in Hindi Language: For Computerized Evaluation of Cognitive Functioning. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024:acae008. [PMID: 38402456 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive assessment is a crucial element of the mental health screening process. However, there is a lack of culturally appropriate cognitive screening tools for the Hindi-speaking aging population in India. We aimed to translate and culturally tailor the English version of the computerized Cognistat test for the Hindi-speaking aging population. METHOD The computer-based Cognistat Assessment System was culturally adapted for the North Indian Hindi-speaking population. Participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 30), depression (n = 30), and healthy control (n = 30) groups between the age range of 50 and 83 years were assessed using the translated version of the tool. The group differences were analyzed using analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc analysis for continuous variables, and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. The correlation between the Cognistat domains was analyzed using Pearson's correlation, and test reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS The MCI group had significantly lower scores as compared with the depression and control groups on orientation, language, repetition, and calculation domain tasks. For attention and construction tasks, the MCI group had lower scores than the control group. MCI group scores were significantly lower than the control group on naming domain. The Hindi version of the test was reliable for the Hindi-speaking aging population. CONCLUSIONS Cognistat Hindi can be used by trained healthcare professionals with Hindi-speaking populations for culturally tailored primary evaluation of cognitive difficulties. Future research should focus on further validation and assessment of its properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Sagar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Shivangi Talwar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rohit Verma
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
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Gross AL, Nichols E, Angrisani M, Ganguli M, Jin H, Khobragade P, Langa KM, Meijer E, Varghese M, Dey AB, Lee J. Prevalence of DSM-5 mild and major neurocognitive disorder in India: Results from the LASI-DAD. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297220. [PMID: 38324518 PMCID: PMC10849236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION India, with its rapidly aging population, faces an alarming burden of dementia. We implemented DSM-5 criteria in large-scale, nationally representative survey data in India to characterize the prevalence of mild and major Neurocognitive disorder. METHODS The Harmonized Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia for the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI-DAD) (N = 4,096) is a nationally representative cohort study in India using multistage area probability sampling methods. Using neuropsychological testing and informant reports, we defined DSM-5 mild and major neurocognitive disorder, reported its prevalence, and evaluated criterion and construct validity of the algorithm using clinician-adjudicated Clinical Dementia Ratings (CDR)®. RESULTS The prevalence of mild and major neurocognitive disorder, weighted to the population, is 17.6% and 7.2%. Demographic gradients with respect to age and education conform to hypothesized patterns. Among N = 2,390 participants with a clinician-adjudicated CDR, CDR ratings and DSM-5 classification agreed for N = 2,139 (89.5%) participants. DISCUSSION The prevalence of dementia in India is higher than previously recognized. These findings, coupled with a growing number of older adults in the coming decades in India, have important implications for society, public health, and families. We are aware of no previous Indian population-representative estimates of mild cognitive impairment, a group which will be increasingly important in coming years to identify for potential therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alden L. Gross
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Emma Nichols
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Marco Angrisani
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Mary Ganguli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Haomiao Jin
- School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Pranali Khobragade
- Department of Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kenneth M. Langa
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Institute for Social Research, Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Erik Meijer
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Mathew Varghese
- Department of Psychiatry, St. John’s Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - A. B. Dey
- Venu Geriatric Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jinkook Lee
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Rao S, Cai Y, Zhong Z, Gou T, Wang Y, Liao S, Qiu P, Kuang W. Prevalence, cognitive characteristics, and influencing factors of amnestic mild cognitive impairment among older adults residing in an urban community in Chengdu, China. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1336385. [PMID: 38356893 PMCID: PMC10864602 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1336385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Dementia is a significant public health concern, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) serves as a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia. Among the various types of MCI, amnestic MCI (aMCI) has been identified as having a higher likelihood of progressing to Alzheimer's dimension. However, limited research has been conducted on the prevalence of aMCI in China. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of aMCI, examine its cognitive characteristics, and identify associated risk factors. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we investigated a sample of 368 older adults aged 60 years and above in the urban communities of Chengdu, China. The participants underwent a battery of neuropsychological assessments, including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), Wechsler's Logical Memory Task (LMT), Boston Naming Test (BNT) and Trail Making Test Part A (TMT-A). Social information was collected by standard questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was utilized to screen for the risk and protective factors of aMCI. Results The data analysis included 309 subjects with normal cognitive function and 59 with aMCI, resulting in a prevalence of 16.0% for aMCI. The average age of participants was 69.06 ± 7.30 years, with 56.0% being females. After controlling for age, gender and education, the Spearman partial correlation coefficient between various cognitive assessments and aMCI ranged from -0.52 for the long-term delayed recall scores in AVLT to 0.19 for the time-usage scores in TMT-A. The results indicated that all cognitive domains, except for naming scores (after semantic cue of BNT) and error quantity (in TMT-A), showed statistically significant associations with aMCI. Furthermore, the multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that older age (OR = 1.044, 95%CI: 1.002~1.087), lower educational level, and diabetes (OR = 2.450, 95%CI: 1.246~4.818) were risk factors of aMCI. Conclusion This study found a high prevalence of aMCI among older adults in Chengdu, China. Individuals with aMCI exhibited lower cognitive function in memory, language, and executive domains, with long-term delayed recall showing the strongest association. Clinicians should prioritize individuals with verbal learning and memory difficulties, especially long-term delayed recall, in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Chengdu Jinxin Mental Diseases Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Evidence-Based Nursing Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhujun Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianyuan Gou
- Chengdu Jinxin Mental Diseases Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyi Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peiyuan Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Del Brutto OH, Rumbea DA, Costa AF, Patel M, Sedler MJ, Mera RM. Cognitive performance and all-cause mortality in community dwellers of Amerindian ancestry living in rural Ecuador: A population-based, longitudinal prospective study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2024; 236:108053. [PMID: 37992533 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.108053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is limited information on mortality risk in individuals with cognitive impairment living in rural Latin America. In this study, we assess the association between cognitive impairment and all-cause mortality in adults of Amerindian ancestry living in rural Ecuador. PATIENTS AND METHODS Middle-aged and older adults enrolled in the population-based Three Villages Study cohort were followed prospectively in order to estimate mortality risk according to their baseline cognitive performance as determined by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Results were adjusted for demographics, level of education, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, symptoms of depression, severe tooth loss, and oily fish intake (factors previously associated with mortality in the study population). RESULTS Analysis included 1022 individuals followed for an average of 7.8 ± 3.4 years. Mean MoCA score was 21.2 ± 5.4 points (median: 22 points), with 334 (32.7%) individuals showing cognitive impairment, as evidenced by a MoCA score ≤ 19 points (the cutoff for poor cognitive performance based on previous studies in the same population). A total of 150 (14.7%) individuals died during the follow-up. Crude mortality rate was 2.87 per 100 person-years (95% C.I.: 2.08 - 3.96). For individuals with normal cognition, the mortality rate was 1.21 (95% C.I.: 0.92 - 1.50) while for those with cognitive impairment the rate increased to 3.48 (95% C.I.: 2.73 - 4.23). A multivariate Cox-proportional hazards model, confirmed that individuals with cognitive impairment had a significantly higher mortality risk than those without cognitive impairment (HR: 1.52; 95% C.I.: 1.05 - 2.18). CONCLUSIONS Cognitive impairment is associated with mortality in the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar H Del Brutto
- School of Medicine and Research Center, Universidad Espíritu Santo - Ecuador, Samborondón, Ecuador.
| | - Denisse A Rumbea
- School of Medicine and Research Center, Universidad Espíritu Santo - Ecuador, Samborondón, Ecuador
| | - Aldo F Costa
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Maitri Patel
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mark J Sedler
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robertino M Mera
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology, Freenome, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Delbari A, Tabatabaei F, Ghasemi H, Azimi A, Bidkhori M, Saatchi M, Foroughan M, Hooshmand E. Prevalence and associated factors of mild cognitive impairment among middle-aged and older adults: Results of the first phase of Ardakan Cohort Study on Aging. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1827. [PMID: 38264157 PMCID: PMC10803666 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Data on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in low- to middle-income countries are still being determined, despite the fact that most future older adults are expected to reside in these regions. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of MCI in Iran. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 4938 community-dwelling subjects aged 50 years or above in the first wave of the Ardakan Cohort Study on Aging. MCI was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS) in literate and illiterate individuals. The relationship between factors associated with the odds of MCI was assessed through logistic regression. Results The prevalence of MCI among all participants, the literates and illiterates, was 15.8%, 6.3%, and 36.4%, respectively. It was found that failure to accomplish any of the MMSE or AMTS items was significantly related to MCI (p < 0.001). Age ([odds ratio (OR): 1.05; p < 0.001 in the literates], [OR: 1.06; p < 0.001 in the illiterates]), sex (OR: 0.13; p < 0.001 in the illiterates), history of stroke ([OR: 2.86; p = 0.006 in the literates], [OR: 2.04; p = 0.045 in the illiterates]), and depression ([OR: 1.87; p < 0.001 in the literates], [OR: 1.41; p = 0.008 in the illiterates]) were significantly associated with MCI. Conclusion This study highlights the significant associations between age, education, depression, stroke, and MCI in Iranian participants. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions in low-literacy populations, mental health screening, and stroke prevention strategies to mitigate the burden of MCI and enhance cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Delbari
- Iranian Research Center on AgingUniversity of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fatemeh‐Sadat Tabatabaei
- Iranian Research Center on AgingUniversity of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hoomaan Ghasemi
- School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Amirali Azimi
- Iranian Research Center on AgingUniversity of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Bidkhori
- Iranian Research Center on AgingUniversity of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Saatchi
- Department of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyUniversity of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation ScienceTehranIran
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research CenterUniversity of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mahshid Foroughan
- Iranian Research Center on AgingUniversity of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesTehranIran
| | - Elham Hooshmand
- Iranian Research Center on AgingUniversity of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesTehranIran
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Bonilla-Santos J, González-Hernández A, Cala-Martínez DY, Gómez-Morales DF, Calceto-Garavito LN, Forero-Aldana AE, González-Montealegre RA, Cardona Cumaco YA, Rojas-Bernal LA, Zabaleta-Orozco MA, Parra MA. Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Southern Regions of Colombia. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:1455-1464. [PMID: 38225967 PMCID: PMC10789289 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recent reports suggest that by 2050 there will be an increase of around 310% of cases affected by dementia in Latin American countries. A previous study in a Southern region reported one of the highest prevalences of dementia in Latin America. Objective To investigate the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment associated with low education, rurality, and demographic characteristics. Methods A cross-sectional study recruited a community-dwelling sample of 823 adults from rural and urban areas of two Southern provinces of Colombia from 2020-2022. Participants were assessed with a neuropsychological protocol validated in Colombia. To obtain general and region-specific prevalence rates, age, sex, schooling, and socioeconomic level were considered and controlled for. Results Most of the participants reported low education and socioeconomic level, the participation of women was higher. It was determined that the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was 53.6%, with 56.6% in the province of Caquetá followed by 51.9% in the province of Huila. The amnestic MCI represented 42.6%, the amnestic multi-domain was 39%, the non-amnestic 16.55%, and the non-amnestic multi-domain 1.81%. Our participants reported comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension. We also observed a relationship between exposure to pesticides and MCI. Conclusions We observed one of the highest prevalences of MCI in Latin America reported to date. Variables such as age, gender, and education proved risk factors for MCI in the explored regions. Our findings are very much in line with recent studies that highlight the influence of non-canonical risk factors of dementia in underrepresented countries from Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Bonilla-Santos
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Neiva, Colombia
- Neurocognition and Psychophysiology Laboratory, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Colombia
| | | | - Dorian Yisela Cala-Martínez
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Neiva, Colombia
- Neurocognition and Psychophysiology Laboratory, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luz Angela Rojas-Bernal
- Instituto del cerebro, Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Clinical Neuropsychology, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Colombia
| | | | - Mario Alfredo Parra
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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11
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Herrera-Perez E, Custodio N, Diaz M, Montesinos R, Chang A, Villafuerte M, Lanata S. Epidemiology of neurocognitive disorders in adults from urban-marginalized areas: a door-to-door population-based study in Puente Piedra, Lima, Peru. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1228008. [PMID: 37927880 PMCID: PMC10622761 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1228008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Latin America (LA), the prevalence of dementia is expected to triple to 150 million people by 2050. The 2020 Lancet Commission report identified several modifiable dementia risk factors, yet few social and environmental factors, most relevant to vulnerable regions of LA, were highlighted in this report. We sought to assess the epidemiology of neurocognitive disorders (NCD) in Puente Piedra, one of the most socially and economically vulnerable districts of Lima, the capital of Peru. Methodology This was a cross-sectional door-to-door observational study that used two-stage household sampling. One young adult (30-59 years) and one older adult (>60 years) per household were enrolled. We collected demographic, clinical, and neurocognitive data. Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (young adults) and the RUDAS-PE (older adults) were used, classifying participants as cognitively normal, possible mild NCD, or possible major NCD. Results We enrolled 247 participants (median age 46 years; 67% female). One-fourth had not completed secondary school and more than 50% completed only secondary school. Most participants were housewives (46%) and 21% did not have health insurance. The overall prevalence of possible NCD was 30% (25.6 and 41.8% among younger adults and older adults, respectively). Among younger adults, those ages 55-59 years more frequently had NCD (70%) compared to younger age ranges. Among older adults, only 3 subjects (4.5%) had major NCD. Conclusion We found a high frequency of possible NCDs in a socially and economically vulnerable community in Lima, Peru, with younger adults showing levels of NCD higher than expected. Our findings support the need for health systems to incorporate cognitive screenings programs for NCD in younger ages. Future research on NCD would include younger populations, particularly in vulnerable communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Herrera-Perez
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
- Centro de Excelencia en Biotecnología e Investigación Traslacional, Lima, Peru
| | - Nilton Custodio
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
| | - Monica Diaz
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Rosa Montesinos
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
| | - Alexandra Chang
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Serggio Lanata
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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12
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Santamaria-Garcia H, Sainz-Ballesteros A, Hernandez H, Moguilner S, Maito M, Ochoa-Rosales C, Corley M, Valcour V, Miranda JJ, Lawlor B, Ibanez A. Factors associated with healthy aging in Latin American populations. Nat Med 2023; 29:2248-2258. [PMID: 37563242 PMCID: PMC10504086 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Latin American populations may present patterns of sociodemographic, ethnic and cultural diversity that can defy current universal models of healthy aging. The potential combination of risk factors that influence aging across populations in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries is unknown. Compared to other regions where classical factors such as age and sex drive healthy aging, higher disparity-related factors and between-country variability could influence healthy aging in LAC countries. We investigated the combined impact of social determinants of health (SDH), lifestyle factors, cardiometabolic factors, mental health symptoms and demographics (age, sex) on healthy aging (cognition and functional ability) across LAC countries with different levels of socioeconomic development using cross-sectional and longitudinal machine learning models (n = 44,394 participants). Risk factors associated with social and health disparities, including SDH (β > 0.3), mental health (β > 0.6) and cardiometabolic risks (β > 0.22), significantly influenced healthy aging more than age and sex (with null or smaller effects: β < 0.2). These heterogeneous patterns were more pronounced in low-income to middle-income LAC countries compared to high-income LAC countries (cross-sectional comparisons), and in an upper-income to middle-income LAC country, Costa Rica, compared to China, a non-upper-income to middle-income LAC country (longitudinal comparisons). These inequity-associated and region-specific patterns inform national risk assessments of healthy aging in LAC countries and regionally tailored public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernando Santamaria-Garcia
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Center of Memory and Cognition Intellectus, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio Bogotá, San Ignacio, Colombia.
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PhD Program in Neuroscience) Bogotá, San Ignacio, Colombia.
| | | | - Hernán Hernandez
- Latin American Brain Health Institute, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Sebastian Moguilner
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Latin American Brain Health Institute, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Universidad de San Andrés and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcelo Maito
- Latin American Brain Health Institute, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Carolina Ochoa-Rosales
- Latin American Brain Health Institute, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Michael Corley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victor Valcour
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, University California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Jaime Miranda
- Centro de Excelencia en Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Agustin Ibanez
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Latin American Brain Health Institute, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Universidad de San Andrés and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Santamaria-Garcia H, Moguilner S, Rodriguez-Villagra OA, Botero-Rodriguez F, Pina-Escudero SD, O'Donovan G, Albala C, Matallana D, Schulte M, Slachevsky A, Yokoyama JS, Possin K, Ndhlovu LC, Al-Rousan T, Corley MJ, Kosik KS, Muniz-Terrera G, Miranda JJ, Ibanez A. The impacts of social determinants of health and cardiometabolic factors on cognitive and functional aging in Colombian underserved populations. GeroScience 2023; 45:2405-2423. [PMID: 36849677 PMCID: PMC10651610 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Global initiatives call for further understanding of the impact of inequity on aging across underserved populations. Previous research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) presents limitations in assessing combined sources of inequity and outcomes (i.e., cognition and functionality). In this study, we assessed how social determinants of health (SDH), cardiometabolic factors (CMFs), and other medical/social factors predict cognition and functionality in an aging Colombian population. We ran a cross-sectional study that combined theory- (structural equation models) and data-driven (machine learning) approaches in a population-based study (N = 23,694; M = 69.8 years) to assess the best predictors of cognition and functionality. We found that a combination of SDH and CMF accurately predicted cognition and functionality, although SDH was the stronger predictor. Cognition was predicted with the highest accuracy by SDH, followed by demographics, CMF, and other factors. A combination of SDH, age, CMF, and additional physical/psychological factors were the best predictors of functional status. Results highlight the role of inequity in predicting brain health and advancing solutions to reduce the cognitive and functional decline in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernando Santamaria-Garcia
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry), Bogotá, Colombia.
- Center of Memory and Cognition Intellectus, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Sebastian Moguilner
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Felipe Botero-Rodriguez
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Stefanie Danielle Pina-Escudero
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gary O'Donovan
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cecilia Albala
- Instituto de Nutrición Y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Avenida El Líbano 5524, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diana Matallana
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry), Bogotá, Colombia
- Center of Memory and Cognition Intellectus, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
- Mental Health Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Memory Clinic, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Michael Schulte
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Andrea Slachevsky
- Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (LANNEC), Physiopathology Department - Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Neurocience and East Neuroscience Departments, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, (GERO), Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Memory and Neuropsychiatric Center (CMYN), Memory Unit - Neurology Department, Hospital del Salvador and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Possin
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lishomwa C Ndhlovu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tala Al-Rousan
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Corley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Neuroscience Research Institute. Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Primary Care, Ohio University, Athens, USA
| | - J Jaime Miranda
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Agustin Ibanez
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland.
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Akter N, Banu B, Chowdhury SH, Islam KR, Tabassum TT, Hossain SM. Astute exploration of collective mental health events among the residents of elderly care homes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18117. [PMID: 37496911 PMCID: PMC10366419 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objective Developing countries are presently witnessing a great burden of rapid aging followed by losing the social values of older adults due to age-related cognitive impairment as well as rising depression levels. This study was designed to assess the cognitive impairment and depression status combinedly among older adults in elderly care homes. Methods It was a cross-sectional survey among randomly selected 200 older adults aged between 60 and 80 years residing in some old homes in Dhaka district, Bangladesh. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews while Cognitive function and level of depression were assessed by applying the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Results Among all the respondents, the majority (81.5%) were staying in old homes for 1-5 years. The majority (91.0%) had difficulties with vision, 40.7% had difficulties with hearing and 19.6% had difficulties moving around. The MMSE test revealed that 43% had moderate cognitive impairment, 36% had mild and 19.5% were found normal while more than half (56%) had severe depression. Significant cognitive impairment was found among the illiterate respondents who did not have any family care support. In addition, higher-educated respondents were found to have more severe depression (OR/p = 6.33/<0.01; 95% CI: 2.36-16.96). Furthermore, severely depressed respondents had more severe cognitive impairment (COR/p = 3.83/0.01; 95% CI: 1.66-8.83). Functional disabilities were also a greater concern for cognitive impairment and depression. Conclusion An increasing number of old home residents are suffering from significant mental disorders while there is no mental health support in the elderly care homes in Bangladesh. Finally, there is a great need to develop packages and programs of mental health care for senior citizens and their caregivers residing in old homes, which can be scaled up across the country's mixed healthcare delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Akter
- Department of Public Health, Northern University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Bilkis Banu
- Department of Public Health, Northern University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Kazi Rakibul Islam
- Department of Public Health, Northern University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Shang H, Xu C, Lu H, Zhang J. The Early Stage of Abnormal Aging: Cognitive Impairment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1419:149-155. [PMID: 37418212 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1627-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment has become an important aspect affecting the health and quality of life of middle-aged and elderly people, which is defined as the difficulty of thought processing and leads to memory loss, difficulties making decisions, the inability to concentrate, and difficulties learning. The process of cognitive ability decline with age goes through subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). There is abundant evidence supporting the link between cognitive impairment and several modifiable risk factors, such as physical activity, social activity, mental activity, higher education, and management of cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes, obesity, smoking, hypertension, and obesity). Meanwhile, these factors also provide a new perspective for the prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Institute Of Basic Research In Clinical Medicine, China Academy Of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Exposure to indoor air pollution and the cognitive functioning of elderly rural women: a cross-sectional study using LASI data, India. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2272. [PMID: 36471286 PMCID: PMC9724350 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of people in rural developing counties still rely on unclean and solid fuels for cooking, putting their health at risk. Adult and elderly women are most vulnerable due to prolonged exposure in cooking areas, and Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) may negatively impact their health and cognitive function. This study examines the effect of IAP on the cognitive function of middle-aged and elderly rural women in India. METHODS The study utilized the data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI 2017-18, Wave-1). Bivariate analysis and multilevel linear regression models were applied to show the association between IAP and the cognitive abilities of rural women and results from regression were presented by beta coefficient (β) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Confounding factors such as age, education, health risk behaviours, marital status, monthly per capita consumption expenditure (MPCE), religion etc. were adjusted in the final model. RESULTS The study found that 18.71 percent of the rural women (n = 3,740) lived in Indoor Air Pollution exposed households. IAP was significantly found to be associated with the cognitive functional abilities among the middle and older aged rural women. Middle and older aged rural women exposed to IAP had lower cognitive functional abilities than non-exposed women. Comparing to the non-exposed group, the cognitive score was worse for those exposed to IAP in both the unadjusted (β = -1.96; 95%CI: -2.22 to -1.71) and the adjusted (β = -0.72; 95%CI: -0.92 to -0.51) models. Elderly rural women from lower socioeconomic backgrounds were more likely to have cognitive impairment as a result of IAP. CONCLUSION Findings revealed that IAP from solid fuels could significantly affect the cognitive health of elderly rural women in India, indicating the need for immediate intervention efforts to reduce the use of solid fuels, IAP and associated health problems.
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Lin Y, Zhang Q, Wang T, Zeng Z. Effect of living arrangements on cognitive function in Chinese elders: a longitudinal observational study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e050410. [PMID: 36202581 PMCID: PMC9540837 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine how living arrangement as a social contextual factor can affect Chinese elders' cognitive function. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Our sample consists of 2486 Chinese elders from two waves (2014 and 2018) of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) that was administered in 22 of China's 31 provinces using a multi-stage, disproportionate, purposive random sampling method. The CLHLS aims to better understand the determinants of healthy longevity in China and collects extensive data on a large population of fragile elders aged 80-112 in China. OUTCOME MEASURES Cognitive function was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Living arrangement was divided into living in an institution, living alone and living with household members. Generalised linear regressions were carried out to examine the associations between baseline characteristics and cognitive function, while controlling age, gender and residential area. RESULTS A total of 2486 participants were included in the study at baseline in 2014. Of these, 1162 (46.7%) were men and 1324 (53.3%) were women. The mean age at baseline was 75.07 (±8.31) years. The mean years of schooling were 2.86 (±3.68). The number (proportion) of the three living arrangements (lived in institutions, lived alone and lived with household members) were 93 (3.8%), 463 (18.6%) and 1930 (77.6%), respectively. Among all participants, cognitive function declined over time. Those who lived alone presented with the highest MMSE scores at baseline and showed the lowest decline after 4 years. Living arrangements had significant effects on decreasing cognitive function. CONCLUSION Chinese elders living in institutions were most vulnerable to cognitive decline. Living alone was not a risk condition in itself for the elderly in terms of cognitive decline. In addition, the benefits of living with household members to support cognitive function were not found in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Lin
- Department of Health Sociology, School of Humanities and Management, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Public Health and Wellness, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Tingxian Wang
- School of public health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhirong Zeng
- Institute of Public Health and Wellness, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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Ribeiro FS, Teixeira-Santos AC, Leist AK. The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:1710-1720. [PMID: 34844480 PMCID: PMC9466284 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.2003297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The population of Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) is ageing rapidly, presenting the highest prevalence rates of dementia in the world. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate condition between normal ageing, Alzheimer's disease, and related dementias. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the prevalence of MCI in LAC countries and explore factors associated with MCI (i.e. age, sex/gender, and education). METHOD A database search was conducted in September 2020 using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs, SciELO, EMBASE, and medRxiv for population- or community-based studies, published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. RESULTS From 2,155 screened studies, we selected reports including subjects with a precise diagnosis of MCI. A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria, adding up to 20,220 participants in nine countries: Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, and Costa Rica. Estimates for all-type MCI prevalence ranged from 6.8% to 25.5% and amnestic MCI between 3.1% and 10.5%. Estimates differed by age and education, with oldest and lower-educated adults presenting higher MCI prevalence. CONCLUSION This first systematic review of the prevalence of MCI discusses the population strata with the highest potential to benefit from dementia risk reduction interventions in LAC countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Silva Ribeiro
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Anja K. Leist
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Nagaratnam JM, Sharmin S, Diker A, Lim WK, Maier AB. Trajectories of Mini-Mental State Examination Scores over the Lifespan in General Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis. Clin Gerontol 2022; 45:467-476. [PMID: 32374211 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2020.1756021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Over the lifespan cumulative changes to the brain lead to cognitive decline and eventually to dementia in 20-25% of adults 85 years and older. A commonly used screening tool for cognitive function is the Standard 30 point Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Though the MMSE is used to screen for dementia, little is known about the changes in scores over the lifespan in general populations.Method: A systematic search was conducted using Cochrane, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO for articles published from January 1, 2007 to May 25, 2017. Articles were included if they had a longitudinal design reporting at least two MMSE scores. A mixed-effect meta-regression analysis was conducted to examine the influence of age on MMSE score followed by a change-point regression analysis determining the age at which MMSE declines.Results: 45 articles including 58,939 individuals (age range 18-108 years, 61.2% female) summarized 222 MMSE point estimates from 35 cohorts. The meta-regression demonstrated a significant decrease in MMSE scores with higher age (regression coefficient of age: -0.10 (Confidence Interval (CI) -0.15, -0.05)). The average annual decline in MMSE scores identified by the change-point analysis at the age of 41 years and 84 years were -0.04 (95% CI: -0.05, -0.03) and -0.53 (95% CI: -0.55, -0.50), respectively.Conclusions: Between the age of 29 and 105 years MMSE scores decline, with the highest decline between age 84 and 105 years.Clinical Implementations: The use of MMSE should be restricted to higher age categories in aging general populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius M Nagaratnam
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sifat Sharmin
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aaron Diker
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wen Kwang Lim
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Arce Rentería M, Manly JJ, Vonk JM, Mejia Arango S, Michaels Obregon A, Samper-Ternent R, Wong R, Barral S, Tosto G. Midlife Vascular Factors and Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Late-Life in Mexico. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2022; 28:351-361. [PMID: 34376262 PMCID: PMC8831650 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617721000539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its subtypes and investigate the impact of midlife cardiovascular risk factors on late-life MCI among the aging Mexican population. METHOD Analyses included a sample of non-demented adults over the age of 55 living in both urban and rural areas of Mexico (N = 1807). MCI diagnosis was assigned based on a comprehensive cognitive assessment assessing the domains of memory, executive functioning, language, and visuospatial ability. The normative sample was selected by means of the robust norms approach. Cognitive impairment was defined by a 1.5-SD cut-off per cognitive domain using normative corrections for age, years of education, and sex. Risk factors included age, education, sex, rurality, depression, insurance status, workforce status, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and heart disease. RESULTS The prevalence of amnestic MCI was 5.9%. Other MCI subtypes ranged from 4.2% to 7.7%. MCI with and without memory impairment was associated with older age (OR = 1.01 [1.01, 1.05]; OR = 1.03 [1.01, 1.04], respectively) and residing in rural areas (OR = 1.49 [1.08, 2.06]; OR = 1.35 [1.03, 1.77], respectively). Depression (OR = 1.07 [1.02, 1.12]), diabetes (OR = 1.37 [1.03, 1.82]), and years of education (OR = 0.94 [0.91, 0.97]) were associated with MCI without memory impairment. Midlife CVD increased the odds of MCI in late-life (OR = 1.76 [1.19, 2.59], which was driven by both midlife hypertension and diabetes (OR = 1.70 [1.18, 2.44]; OR = 1.88 [1.19, 2.97], respectively). CONCLUSIONS Older age, depression, low education, rurality, and midlife hypertension and diabetes were associated with higher risk of late-life MCI among older adults in Mexico. Our findings suggest that the causes of cognitive impairment are multifactorial and vary by MCI subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Arce Rentería
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Manly
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jet M.J. Vonk
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, NY, USA
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Mejia Arango
- Department of Population Studies, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | | | - Rafael Samper-Ternent
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rebeca Wong
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Sandra Barral
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Giuseppe Tosto
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, NY, USA
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21
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Das S. Cognitive frailty among community-dwelling rural elderly population of West Bengal in India. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 70:103025. [PMID: 35189474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There has been growing interest in the links between physical frailty and cognitive impairment: both can increase the risk of emerging life-threatening health problems and are currently prominent within the global geriatric health agenda. A recent consensus proposes the idea of 'cognitive frailty' defined by the presence of both physical frailty and cognitive impairment in the absence of dementia. Present study is intended to determine the prevalence of cognitive frailty and its associated factors. METHODS Cross-sectional survey was conducted among the rural community-dwelling elderly population of West Bengal, India (n = 510), without diagnosed dementia at baseline. An Interview-based questionnaire was administered to obtain information on sociodemographic, physical and psychosocial characteristics. Study participants were categorized as non-cognitive impairment (NCI) and cognitive impairment (CI) by Bangla Adaptation of Mini-Mental State Exam (BMSE ≤ 25) scale, as non-physical frailty (NPF) and physical frailty (PF) using Modified Fried Frailty Phenotype (FP ≥ 3) scale, as robust (NPF + NCI), pre-cognitive frailty (NPF + CI or PF + NCI) and cognitive frailty (PF + CI). RESULTS The overall prevalence of cognitive frailty was 21.8%. In multinomial regression analysis, final model indicated that increasing age, being woman, out-of-wedlock, poor education and non-working sociodemographic status had significant association with cognitive frailty. Poor nutritional status, low health-related quality of life and depression are also prone among the cognitively frail participants. CONCLUSIONS Present study allows us to understand complementary relationships between sociodemographic, physical, psychosocial characteristics and cognitive frailty. There is a dire need for multidimensional approach for providing appropriate and comprehensive geriatric health care for developing countries like India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Das
- Biological Anthropology Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India.
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22
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Farina N, Jacobs R, Sani TP, Schneider M, Theresia I, Turana Y, Fitri FI, Albanese E, Lorenz‐Dant K, Docrat S, Toit PD, Ferri CP, Govia I, Comas‐Herrera A, Ibnidris A, Knapp M, Banerjee S. Description of the cross-cultural process adopted in the STRiDE (STrengthening Responses to dementia in DEveloping countries) program: A methodological overview. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 14:e12293. [PMID: 35317433 PMCID: PMC8923343 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cross-cultural adaptation is an important part of using validated questionnaires across countries and settings. Here we describe the cross-cultural process adopted in the STRiDE (STrengthening Responses to dementia in DEveloping countries) program. We adopted a cross-cultural adaptation process including forward translation, back translations, and cognitive interviews of the STRiDE toolkit. In total, 50 older adults and 41 carers across sites in Indonesia and South Africa participated in cognitive interviews; field notes and verbatim quotes are reported. We describe the cross-cultural adaptation process of the STRiDE toolkit. During the process, issues were identified with the translated toolkit, including aspects related to cultural appropriateness, terminology equivalence, and timings. The data demonstrate that a rigorous, yet pragmatic, cross-cultural adaptation process can be achieved even with limited resources. Our process should help the design and conduct of future dementia research in various contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuda Turana
- Atma Jaya Catholic University of IndonesiaJakartaIndonesia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ishtar Govia
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research (CAIHR)—Epidemiology Research UnitThe University of the West IndiesJamaica
| | | | | | - Martin Knapp
- The London School of Economics and Political ScienceUK
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23
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Su L, Sun X, Huang C, Wei Z, Shen X, Wang L. Methodology of Measuring Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome-Focusing on Slow Gait Speed: Protocol for a Systematic Review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:858950. [PMID: 35418886 PMCID: PMC8995464 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.858950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Older adults with motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome are at high risk of developing dementia. Although the definition of MCR is well recognized and consensus, previous studies did not reach an agreement on diagnostic criteria and measurement methods/tools for slow gait speed, which is one of four components of MCR diagnosis. The substantial heterogeneity in the methodology of slow gait speed diagnosis for MCR limits comparability and meta-analysis of studies. OBJECTIVE The study aims to conduct systematic and standardized integration for diagnostic criteria and methods of slow gait speed diagnosis for MCR based on previous evidence that may improve comparability between future studies. METHODS A systematic literature review will be undertaken by searching the following electronic databases (until February 1, 2022): PUBMED, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science. Additional studies will be identified by checking the reference lists of included studies or relevant reviews, manually searching the internet search engine Google Scholar, and searching the authors' personal files, if necessary. Two researchers will perform data extraction independently, and discrepancies will be resolved by discussion, which will include a third researcher if requires. The paper selection will perform in duplicate. Finally, a narrative account will synthesize the findings to answer the objectives of this review. DISCUSSION This is the first study on systematic and standardized integration for diagnostic criteria and measurement methods/tools for slow gait speed in diagnosing MCR. The findings of this study will be convenient for medical staff to examine the intended use and applicability of each instrument/tool for evaluating the gait speed, and provide insight into developing uniform guidelines for MCR. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021232671.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Su
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Xue Sun
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Zhuqin Wei
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Shen
- Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
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24
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Casagrande M, Marselli G, Agostini F, Forte G, Favieri F, Guarino A. The complex burden of determining prevalence rates of mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:960648. [PMID: 36213927 PMCID: PMC9537698 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.960648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a syndrome characterized by a decline in cognitive performance greater than expected for an individual's age and education level, but that does not interfere much with daily life activities. Establishing the prevalence of MCI is very important for both clinical and research fields. In fact, in a certain percentage of cases, MCI represents a prodromal condition for the development of dementia. Accordingly, it is important to identify the characteristics of MCI that allow us to predict the development of dementia. Also, initial detection of cognitive decline can allow the early implementation of prevention programs aimed at counteracting or slowing it down. To this end, it is important to have a clear picture of the prevalence of MCI and, consequently, of the diagnostic criteria used. According to these issues, this systematic review aims to analyze MCI prevalence, exploring the methods for diagnosing MCI that determine its prevalence. The review process was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. Three thousand one hundred twenty-one international articles were screened, and sixty-six were retained. In these studies, which involved 157,035 subjects, the prevalence of MCI ranged from 1.2 to 87%. The review results showed a large heterogeneity among studies due to differences in the subjects' recruitment, the diagnostic criteria, the assessed cognitive domains, and other methodological aspects that account for a higher range of MCI prevalence. This large heterogeneity prevents drawing any firm conclusion about the prevalence of MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Casagrande
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Marselli
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Forte
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Body and Action Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Favieri
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Body and Action Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Guarino
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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25
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Pacifico D, Sabatini S, Fiordelli M, Albanese E. The role of disability and depressive symptoms in the relation between objective cognitive performance and subjective cognitive decline. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:963703. [PMID: 36506437 PMCID: PMC9729556 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.963703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and subjective memory decline (SMD) are common among older people. Evidence linking SCD and SMD with cognitive and memory impairment is inconsistent. Moreover, little is known about the associations of SCD and SMD with disability. We aimed to explore the associations of SCD and SMD with objective cognitive and memory performance, disability, and depressive symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a cross-sectional study we conducted face to face interviews in a randomized sample of people aged ≥65 years living in the Canton of Ticino, southern Switzerland, between May 2021 and April 2022. We measured subjective cognitive decline with the MyCog, a subsection of the Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire (SCD-Q); cognitive functioning with the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia; memory with the consortium to establish a registry for alzheimer's disease (CERAD) 10-word list learning task; and disability and depressive symptoms with the world health organization disability assessment schedule 2.0 (WHO-DAS 2.0) and the Euro-Depression (EURO-D) scales, respectively. RESULTS Of the 250 participants 93.6% reported at least one cognitive difficulty, and 40.0% SMD. Both SCD and SMD were associated with poorer objective cognitive/memory performance, and independently with greater disability, and more depressive symptoms. But in participants with high disability and depressive symptoms subjective and objective cognition were no longer associated. Disability fully mediated the associations of poorer objective cognitive and memory performance with subjective cognitive and memory decline. CONCLUSION Routine clinical assessments of cognitive function should include formal enquires about SCD and SMD, and also account for disability and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Pacifico
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Serena Sabatini
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Maddalena Fiordelli
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Emiliano Albanese
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
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26
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Torres-Castro S, Mena-Montes B, González-Ambrosio G, Zubieta-Zavala A, Torres-Carrillo NM, Acosta-Castillo GI, Espinel-Bermúdez MC. Spanish-language screening scales: A critical review. Neurologia 2022; 37:53-60. [PMID: 29753565 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dementia is a chronic, degenerative disease with a strong impact on families and health systems. The instruments currently in use for measuring cognitive impairment have different psychometric characteristics in terms of application time, cut-off point, reliability, and validity. The objective of this review is to describe the characteristics of the validated, Spanish-language versions of the Mini-Cog, Clock-Drawing Test, and Mini-Mental State Examination scales for cognitive impairment screening. DEVELOPMENT We performed a three-stage literature search of articles published on Medline since 1953. We selected articles on validated, Spanish-language versions of the scales that included data on reliability, validity, sensitivity, and specificity. CONCLUSIONS The 3 screening tools assessed in this article provide support for primary care professionals. Timely identification of mild cognitive impairment and dementia is crucial for the prognosis of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Torres-Castro
- Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Institutos Nacionales de Salud de México, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - B Mena-Montes
- Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Institutos Nacionales de Salud de México, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, México
| | - G González-Ambrosio
- Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Institutos Nacionales de Salud de México, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A Zubieta-Zavala
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - N M Torres-Carrillo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - G I Acosta-Castillo
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Institutos Nacionales de Salud de México, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M C Espinel-Bermúdez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiología Clínica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, México
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27
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Wolfova K, Kucera M, Cermakova P. Risk and protective factors of neurocognitive disorders in older adults in Central and Eastern Europe: A systematic review of population-based studies. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260549. [PMID: 34847191 PMCID: PMC8631612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A wide range of potentially modifiable risk factors, indicating that the onset of neurocognitive disorders can be delayed or prevented, have been identified. The region of Central and Eastern Europe has cultural, political and economic specifics that may influence the occurrence of risk factors and their link to the cognitive health of the population. OBJECTIVE We aimed to systematically review population-based studies from Central and Eastern Europe to gather evidence on risk and protective factors for neurocognitive disorders. METHODS We searched the electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Embase. The search was performed on 26th of February 2020 and repeated at the end of the review process on 20th May 2021. RESULTS We included 25 papers in a narrative synthesis of the evidence describing cardiovascular risk factors (n = 7), social factors (n = 5), oxidative stress (n = 2), vitamins (n = 2), genetic factors (n = 2) and other areas (n = 7). We found that there was a good body of evidence on the association between neurocognitive disorders and the history of cardiovascular disease while there were gaps in research of genetic and social risk factors. CONCLUSION We conclude that the epidemiological evidence from this region is insufficient and population-based prospectively followed cohorts should be established to allow the development of preventive strategies at national levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Wolfova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Kucera
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Cermakova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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28
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Liu LY, Lu Y, Shen L, Li CB, Yu JT, Yuan CR, Ye KX, Chao YX, Shen QF, Mahendran R, Kua EH, Yu DH, Feng L. Prevalence, risk and protective factors for mild cognitive impairment in a population-based study of Singaporean elderly. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 145:111-117. [PMID: 34894520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of dementia has been widely reported, and its potential risk and protective factors are well-characterized. However, there is a scarcity of related information regarding mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Thus this population-based study aimed to determine the prevalences of MCI and its subtypes, as well as to identify the risk and protective factors for MCI in the Chinese elderly population of Singapore. Results showed that the overall prevalence of MCI was 12.5%, while the gender-adjusted prevalence of MCI was 12.3%. Gender was found to be significantly associated with the subtypes of MCI, with males more likely to have amnestic MCI and females more likely to have non-amnestic MCI. Older age, lower educational levels, lower social activity levels, depression, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and stroke were found to be risk factors for MCI in univariate analysis. However, multivariable analysis showed that only hypertension and stroke were the significant risk factors for MCI. Higher educational levels and active social engagements were significant protective factors for MCI in multivariable analysis. Age and depression had boundary significant associations with the prevalence of MCI. After adjusting for gender, the influence of hypertension, stroke, social engagement, age and depression on MCI remained unchanged, except that education became a boundary significant lower risk factor of MCI development. In conclusion, this study presented the prevalence, risk and protective factors for MCI among Singaporean Chinese older adults, which facilitates the screening of vulnerable groups for MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yanxia Lu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Shen
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chun-Bo Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chua Ru Yuan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kaisy Xinhong Ye
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yin Xia Chao
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Academic Development Department, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing-Feng Shen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Xuzhou Oriental People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Rathi Mahendran
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ee Heok Kua
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - De-Hua Yu
- Department of General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Academic Department of General Practice, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai General Practice and Community Health Development Research Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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29
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The Role of Vitamin E in Slowing Down Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9111573. [PMID: 34828619 PMCID: PMC8625211 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aging population, dementia emerges as a public health concern. In 2012, the Health and Retirement Study found that 8.8% of adults over 65 years suffered from dementia. The etiopathogenesis and treatment of dementia are not well understood. Antioxidant properties of Vitamin E and its major elements tocopherols and tocotrienols have been reported to be effective in slowing down the progression of dementia from its initial stage of Mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Therefore, the current review aims to explore the role of vitamin E on MCI. A literature search using the key words "Vitamin E, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and mild cognitive impairment" was conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria were: (1) articles published in the past ten years; (2) published in English language; (3) published in peer-reviewed journals; and (4) descriptive and epidemiological or evaluation studies. Articles published prior to 2010, focused on other forms of dementia than MCI, grey literature and non-peer-reviewed articles were excluded. A total of 22 studies were included in the narrative synthesis. The results were equivocal. Eleven studies showed some level of the neuroprotective effect of Vitamin E, tocopherols and tocotrienols on the progression of MCI. The mixed results of this review suggest further exploration of the possible protective effects of Vitamin E on the development of dementia. Future studies can be conducted to decipher antioxidant properties of vitamin E and its association with slowing down the cognitive decline.
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Verma M, Tripathi M, Nehra A, Paplikar A, Varghese F, Alladi S, Narayanan J, Dhaliwal RS, Sharma M, Saroja AO, Arshad F, Divyaraj G, Ghosh A, Manae TS, Mekala S, Menon RN, Hooda R, Iyer GK, Sunitha J, Kandukuri R, Kaul S, Khan AB, Mathew R, Nandi R, Padma MV, Pauranik A, Ramakrishnan S, Sarath L, Shah U, Sylaja PN, Varma RP, Vishwanath Y. Validation of ICMR Neurocognitive Toolbox for Dementia in the Linguistically Diverse Context of India. Front Neurol 2021; 12:661269. [PMID: 34733226 PMCID: PMC8558406 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.661269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The growing prevalence of dementia, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), has raised the need for a unified cognitive screening tool that can aid its early detection. The linguistically and educationally diverse population in India contributes to challenges in diagnosis. The present study aimed to assess the validity and diagnostic accuracy of the Indian Council of Medical Research-Neurocognitive Toolbox (ICMR-NCTB), a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery adapted in five languages, for the diagnosis of dementia. Methods: A multidisciplinary group of experts developed the ICMR-NCTB based on reviewing the existing tools and incorporation of culturally appropriate modifications. The finalized tests of the major cognitive domains of attention, executive functions, memory, language, and visuospatial skills were then adapted and translated into five Indian languages: Hindi, Bengali, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam. Three hundred fifty-four participants were recruited, including 222 controls and 132 dementia patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the adapted tests were established for the diagnosis of dementia. Results: A significant difference in the mean (median) performance scores between healthy controls and patients with dementia was observed on all tests of ICMR-NCTB. The area under the curve for majority of the tests included in the ICMR-NCTB ranged from 0.73 to 1.00, and the sensitivity and specificity of the ICMR-NCTB tests ranged from 70 to 100% and 70.7 to 100%, respectively, to identify dementia across all five languages. Conclusions: The ICMR-NCTB is a valid instrument to diagnose dementia across five Indian languages, with good diagnostic accuracy. The toolbox was effective in overcoming the challenge of linguistic diversity. The study has wide implications to address the problem of a high disease burden and low diagnostic rate of dementia in LMICs like India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Verma
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashima Nehra
- Clinical Neuropsychology, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Avanthi Paplikar
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Feba Varghese
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Suvarna Alladi
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jwala Narayanan
- Department of Neurology, Manipal Hospitals, Bengaluru, India
| | | | | | - Aralikatte Onkarappa Saroja
- Department of Neurology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, India
| | - Faheem Arshad
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Gollahalli Divyaraj
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Amitabha Ghosh
- Cognitive Neurology Unit, Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Tejaswini S. Manae
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shailaja Mekala
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ramshekhar N. Menon
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Roopa Hooda
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gowri K. Iyer
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - J. Sunitha
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Rajmohan Kandukuri
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Subhash Kaul
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arfa Banu Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, KAHER's Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Research Center, Belagavi, India
| | - Robert Mathew
- Department of Neurology, Government Medical College, Alappuzha, India
| | - Ranita Nandi
- Cognitive Neurology Unit, Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - M. V. Padma
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Apoorva Pauranik
- Department of Neurology Mahatma Gandhi Mission Medical College, Indore, India
| | - Subasree Ramakrishnan
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Lekha Sarath
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Urvashi Shah
- Department of Neurology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - P. N. Sylaja
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Ravi Prasad Varma
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Murty DVPS, Manikandan K, Kumar WS, Ramesh RG, Purokayastha S, Nagendra B, ML A, Balakrishnan A, Javali M, Rao NP, Ray S. Stimulus-induced gamma rhythms are weaker in human elderly with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. eLife 2021; 10:e61666. [PMID: 34099103 PMCID: PMC8238507 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) in elderly adds substantially to socioeconomic burden necessitating early diagnosis. While recent studies in rodent models of AD have suggested diagnostic and therapeutic value for gamma rhythms in brain, the same has not been rigorously tested in humans. In this case-control study, we recruited a large population (N = 244; 106 females) of elderly (>49 years) subjects from the community, who viewed large gratings that induced strong gamma oscillations in their electroencephalogram (EEG). These subjects were classified as healthy (N = 227), mild cognitively impaired (MCI; N = 12), or AD (N = 5) based on clinical history and Clinical Dementia Rating scores. Surprisingly, stimulus-induced gamma rhythms, but not alpha or steady-state visually evoked responses, were significantly lower in MCI/AD subjects compared to their age- and gender-matched controls. This reduction was not due to differences in eye movements or baseline power. Our results suggest that gamma could be used as a potential screening tool for MCI/AD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Abhishek ML
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of ScienceBengaluruIndia
| | | | - Mahendra Javali
- MS Ramaiah Medical College & Memorial HospitalBengaluruIndia
| | | | - Supratim Ray
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of ScienceBengaluruIndia
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Gao Q, Prina AM, Prince M, Acosta D, Luisa Sosa A, Guerra M, Huang Y, Jimenez-Velazquez IZ, Llibre Rodriguez JJ, Salas A, Williams JD, Liu Z, Acosta Castillo I, Mayston R. Loneliness Among Older Adults in Latin America, China, and India: Prevalence, Correlates and Association With Mortality. Int J Public Health 2021; 66:604449. [PMID: 34744572 PMCID: PMC8565277 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2021.604449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study was designed to explore prevalence and correlates of self-reported loneliness and to investigate whether loneliness predicts mortality among older adults (aged 65 or above) in Latin America, China and India. Methods: The study investigated population-based cross-sectional (2003-2007) and longitudinal surveys (follow-up 2007-2010) from the 10/66 Dementia Research Group project. Poisson regression and Cox regression analyses were conducted to analyse correlates of loneliness and its association with mortality. Results: The standardised prevalence of loneliness varied between 25.3 and 32.4% in Latin America and was 18.3% in India. China showed a low prevalence of loneliness (3.8%). In pooled meta-analyses, there was robust evidence to support an association between loneliness and mortality across Latin American countries (HR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.26, I2 = 10.1%) and China (HR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.03-2.41), but there were no associations in India. Conclusion: Our findings suggest potential cultural variances may exist in the concept of loneliness in older age. The effect of loneliness upon mortality is consistent across different cultural settings excluding India. Loneliness should therefore be considered as a potential dimension of public health among older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A. Matthew Prina
- Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Prince
- Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daisy Acosta
- Geriatric Section, Internal Medicine Department, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henriquez Ureña, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Ana Luisa Sosa
- National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariella Guerra
- Instituto de la Memoria Depresion y Enfermedades de Riesgo, Lima, Peru
| | - Yueqin Huang
- Social Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ivonne Z. Jimenez-Velazquez
- Geriatrics Program, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Aquiles Salas
- Medicine Department, Caracas University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Joseph D. Williams
- Department of Community Health, Voluntary Health Services, Chennai, India
| | - Zhaorui Liu
- Social Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Isaac Acosta Castillo
- National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosie Mayston
- Global Health and Social Medicine, King’s Global Health Institute, Social Science and Public Policy, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Teh WL, Abdin E, Vaingankar JA, Shafie S, Jeyagurunathan A, Yunjue Z, Subramaniam M. Prevalence, Lifestyle Correlates, and Psychosocial Functioning Among Multi-Ethnic Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Singapore: Preliminary Findings from a 10/66 Population Study. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 94:73-83. [PMID: 33795984 PMCID: PMC7995946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Asia, which has the highest increase in dementia prevalence, is unfortunately lacking recent up-to-date research, with regions of Southeast Asia being the most inadequate. Preventive approaches, such as the understanding of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), are currently the most effective approach in reducing the risk or delaying the onset of dementia but are not adequately understood. Additionally, there is a paucity of research examining lifestyle and sociodemographic correlates of MCI that are relevant to the local population of Singapore. To address these gaps, this study aimed to explore: 1) the prevalence of MCI and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI), 2) the psychosocial and lifestyle correlates of MCI and aMCI. Data were drawn from the Well-being of the Singapore Elderly (WiSE) population study, which is a single-phase cross-sectional household survey conducted among older adult residents aged 60 years and above. Analyses revealed that the weighted MCI prevalence (1.2%) was lower than global figures. Few sociodemographic and lifestyle habits were related to MCI prevalence, as only age and physical activeness emerged as significant correlates. Despite the low prevalence of MCI, individuals with MCI experienced marked disability, clinical levels of depression and anxiety, which are all concerning finds. Due to the exploratory and cross-sectional nature of the study, future longitudinal research could further refine our understanding of MCI and confirm the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lin Teh
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | | | | | - Saleha Shafie
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | | | - Zhang Yunjue
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
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Zeng W, Zhang L, Feng B, Li H, Wang D, Zheng Z, Zhang Y, Jiang L, Ye H. Association between sleep disturbance with motoric cognitive risk syndrome in Chinese older adults. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:1470-1478. [PMID: 33316114 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sleep disturbance and cognitive impairment are common and related in the elderly population worldwide. The aim of the present study was to explore the association between sleep disturbance and motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome, which is characterized by subjective cognitive complaints and objective slow gait in older individuals without dementia or any mobility disability in the community-dwelling elderly Chinese population. METHODS We recruited 940 participants aged ≥65 years from November 2016 to March 2017 in the Ningbo Community Study on Aging (NCSA). Self-reported sleep duration and sleep-quality variables, comprehensive geriatric evaluation, as well as indicators for diagnosing MCR syndrome were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. RESULTS Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that a 1-SD increase in night (1.1 h) and 24-h sleep duration (1.3 h) was associated, respectively, with a 21% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1%-47%; p = 0.04) and 30% (95% CI, 3%-64%; p = 0.03) higher odds of having MCR syndrome. Considering sleep duration as a categorical variable, longer night-sleep duration (>8.5 h) was associated with MCR syndrome (OR, 2.03; p = 0.02) compared to shorter night-sleep duration (<8 h). For sleep-quality factors, increasing frequency of trouble falling asleep, waking early or easily, nightmares, and taking sleep drugs were significantly associated with MCR syndrome after adjusting for potential covariables (all p for trend < 0.05), but not for self-perceived sleep quality (p for trend = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS Long sleep duration, poor sleep quality, and taking sleep drugs were associated with higher odds of having MCR syndrome in the community-dwelling elderly Chinese population. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Beili Feng
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hengdong Li
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongjuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zaixing Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Longfu Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Honghua Ye
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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McGrattan AM, Zhu Y, Richardson CD, Mohan D, Soh YC, Sajjad A, van Aller C, Chen S, Paddick SM, Prina M, Siervo M, Robinson LA, Stephan BC. Prevalence and Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:743-762. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-201043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a cognitive state associated with increased risk of dementia. Little research on MCI exists from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), despite high prevalence of dementia in these settings. Objective: This systematic review aimed to review epidemiological reports to determine the prevalence of MCI and its associated risk factors in LMICs. Methods: Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO were searched from inception until November 2019. Eligible articles reported on MCI in population or community-based studies from LMICs and were included as long as MCI was clearly defined. Results: 5,568 articles were screened, and 78 retained. In total, n = 23 different LMICs were represented; mostly from China (n = 55 studies). Few studies were from countries defined as lower-middle income (n = 14), low income (n = 4), or from population representative samples (n = 4). There was large heterogeneity in how MCI was diagnosed; with Petersen criteria the most commonly applied (n = 26). Prevalence of amnesic MCI (aMCI) (Petersen criteria) ranged from 0.6%to 22.3%. Similar variability existed across studies using the International Working Group Criteria for aMCI (range 4.5%to 18.3%) and all-MCI (range 6.1%to 30.4%). Risk of MCI was associated with demographic (e.g., age), health (e.g., cardio-metabolic disease), and lifestyle (e.g., social isolation, smoking, diet and physical activity) factors. Conclusion: Outside of China, few MCI studies have been conducted in LMIC settings. There is an urgent need for population representative epidemiological studies to determine MCI prevalence in LMICs. MCI diagnostic methodology also needs to be standardized. This will allow for cross-study comparison and future resource planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yueping Zhu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Devi Mohan
- Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Malaysia
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), Monash University Malaysia, Segamat, Malaysia
| | - Yee Chang Soh
- Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Malaysia
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), Monash University Malaysia, Segamat, Malaysia
| | - Ayesha Sajjad
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management; Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla van Aller
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Shulin Chen
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Stella-Maria Paddick
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK
- Gateshead NHS Community Health Foundation Trust, Gateshead, UK
| | - Matthew Prina
- Social Epidemiology Research Group, Health Service and Population Research Department, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Blossom C.M. Stephan
- Institute of Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, Nottingham University, UK
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Role for Physical Fitness in the Association between Age and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Mediation Analysis of the SABE Colombia Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020751. [PMID: 33477293 PMCID: PMC7829928 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. We investigated the association between physical fitness and cognitive status. Further, we examined whether physical fitness mediates the association between cognitive functioning and aging. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Urban and rural Colombian older adults. Methods. 4416 participants from the SABE study were included in the current analysis. Physical fitness was assessed with the handgrip test and the usual gait speed test. Cognitive status was evaluated through the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination. A parallel mediation path was used to test the possible mediator role of physical fitness between aging and cognitive functioning. Results. Older adults with lower handgrip strength (HGS) were more likely to have mild-cognitive status than older adults with healthy HGS (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.15; 2.02). In addition, older adults with a slower gait speed were more likely to have mild cognitive impairment (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.54; 2.78). Age had an inverse relationship with cognitive function (β = −0.110, 95% CI = −0.130; −0.100) and it was also inversely associated with HGS (β = −0.003, 95% CI = −0.005; −0.002) and gait speed (β = −0.010, 95% CI = −0.011; −0.009). The indirect effects, which indicate that the effect of age on cognitive function is transmitted through mediators, showed that both gait speed (β = −0.028, 95% CI = −0.036; −0.020) and HGS (β = −0.014, 95% CI = −0.024; −0.005) were independent mediators of the detrimental effect of aging on cognitive function. Conclusions. Physical fitness mediates the effects of aging on cognitive functioning. Our findings suggest that physical activity can be a key factor to prevent cognitive deterioration during aging process.
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Lu Y, Liu C, Yu D, Fawkes S, Ma J, Zhang M, Li C. Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling Chinese populations aged over 55 years: a meta-analysis and systematic review. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:10. [PMID: 33407219 PMCID: PMC7789349 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01948-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate phase between normal cognitive ageing and overt dementia, with amnesic MCI (aMCI) being the dominant subtype. This study aims to synthesise the prevalence results of MCI and aMCI in community-dwelling populations in China through a meta-analysis and systematic review. Methods The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. English and Chinese studies published before 1 March 2020 were searched from ten electronic bibliographic databases. Two reviewers screened for relevance of the studies against the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed the quality of the included studies using the Risk of Bias Tool independently. A random-effect model was adopted to estimate the prevalence of MCI and aMCI, followed by sub-group analyses and meta-regression. Sensitivity and publication bias tests were performed to verify the robustness of the meta-analyses. Results A total of 41 studies with 112,632 participants were included in the meta-analyses. The Chinese community-dwelling populations over 55 years old had a pooled prevalence of 12.2% [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.6, 14.2%] for MCI and 10.9% [95% CI, 7.7, 15.4%] for aMCI, respectively. The prevalence of MCI increased with age. The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic tool (DSM-IV) generated the highest MCI prevalence (13.5%), followed by the Petersen criteria (12.9%), and the National Institute on Aging Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA) criteria (10.3%). Women, rural residents, and those who lived alone and had low levels of education had higher MCI prevalence than others. Conclusion Higher MCI prevalence was identified in community-dwelling older adult populations in China compared with some other countries, possibly due to more broadened criteria being adopted for confirming the diagnosis. The study shows that aMCI accounts for 66.5% of MCI, which is consistent with findings of studies undertaken elsewhere. Systematic review registration number PROSPERO CRD42019134686. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-020-01948-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lu
- Department of General Practice, Yangpu hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China.,School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.,Academic Department of General Practice, Yangpu hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China.,Shanghai General Practice and Community Health Development Research Center, 200090, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaojie Liu
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| | - Dehua Yu
- Department of General Practice, Yangpu hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China. .,Academic Department of General Practice, Yangpu hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China. .,Shanghai General Practice and Community Health Development Research Center, 200090, Shanghai, China.
| | - Sally Fawkes
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Jia Ma
- Academic Department of General Practice, Yangpu hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Academic Department of General Practice, Yangpu hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shangha, China
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Grover S, Mehra A, Rani S, Sahoo S, Nehra R. Association of of noncommunicable diseases on cognitive functioning: A comparative study. JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Seblova D, Brayne C, Machů V, Kuklová M, Kopecek M, Cermakova P. Changes in Cognitive Impairment in the Czech Republic. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:693-701. [PMID: 31609688 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies from North America and Western Europe suggest stable or declining trends in impaired cognition across birth cohorts. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine changes in the age-specific prevalence of cognitive impairment in the Czech Republic. METHODS The study used two samples from the population-based Czech Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Age-specific prevalence of cognitive impairment (defined based on scores in verbal fluency, immediate recall, delayed recall, and temporal orientation) was compared between participants in wave 2 (2006/2007; n = 1,107) and wave 6 (2015; n = 3,104). Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between the wave and cognitive impairment, step-wise adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Multiple sensitivity analyses, focusing on alternative operationalizations of relative cognitive impairment, impact of missing cognitive data, and survival bias, were carried out. RESULTS The most conservative estimate suggested that the age-specific prevalence of cognitive impairment declined by one fifth, from 11% in 2006/2007 to 9% in 2015. Decline was observed in all sensitivity analyses. The change was associated with differences in physical inactivity, management of high blood cholesterol, and increases in length education. CONCLUSION Older adults in the Czech Republic, a country situated in the Central and Eastern European region, have achieved positive developments in cognitive aging. Longer education, better management of cardiovascular factors, and reduced physical inactivity seem to be of key importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Seblova
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Carol Brayne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Vendula Machů
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Charles University Prague, Faculty of Science, Prague, Czech Republic.,University of Groningen, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marie Kuklová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Charles University Prague, Faculty of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Kopecek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Charles University Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Cermakova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Charles University Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Mehra A, Sangwan G, Grover S, Kathirvel S, Avasthi A. Prevalence of Psychiatric Morbidity and Cognitive Impairment among Patients Attending the Rural Noncommunicable Disease Clinic. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2020; 11:585-592. [PMID: 33144795 PMCID: PMC7595800 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of cognitive impairment and psychiatric morbidity among the patients attending the rural noncommunicable disease clinic after controlling for various confounders (i.e., psychological morbidity, obesity, gender, level of education, duration of the illness and age).
Materials and Methods
One-hundred twenty-four patients were evaluated on the Hindi Mental State Examination for the cognitive function, Physical Health Questionnaire-9 for depression, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 for anxiety disorders.
Results
About one-fourth (26.6%) of the participants had cognitive impairment. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was more among patients with hypertension (35.5%) as compared with the diabetes mellitus (13.6%) and those with comorbid hypertension and diabetes mellitus (26.6%). About one of the participants had depression (35.5%) and 29% of the patients had anxiety disorder. No significant difference was found in the level of cognitive deficits between those with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, when the confounding factors were not taken into account in the analysis. However, after controlling for psychiatric morbidity, obesity, gender, level of education, duration of the illness and age, those with hypertension were found to have significantly higher level of cognitive impairment compared with those with diabetes mellitus. A higher level of dysfunction was seen in the domains of orientation, registration, attention, recall, language, and visuospatial domains.
Conclusion
Present study suggests that patients of hypertension have higher level of cognitive impairment, when compared with those with diabetes mellitus, even after controlling for various confounders. Lack of difference between the two groups can be accounted by the confounding variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseem Mehra
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Garima Sangwan
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Soundappan Kathirvel
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Ajit Avasthi
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
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Zhang L, Feng BL, Wang CY, Zhang Y, Lin P, Zhang YL, He NN, Wang DJ, Jiang LF, Ye HH. Prevalence and factors associated with motoric cognitive risk syndrome in community-dwelling older Chinese: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:1137-1145. [PMID: 32301557 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A recently proposed pre-dementia syndrome, motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome, is characterized by cognitive complaints and slow gait, and increases the risk of dementia and mortality. The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence of and factors associated with MCR syndrome in elderly community-dwelling Chinese subjects. METHODS The Ningbo Community Study on Aging recruited 953 Chinese community-dwelling participants aged ≥ 65 years from November 2016 to March 2017. Handgrip, Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand (FTSS) test time and body composition, as well as comprehensive geriatric evaluation, were measured as potentially independent factors associated with MCR syndrome. RESULTS The prevalence of MCR syndrome was 12.8% in men and 12.6% in women, and high prevalence of MCR syndrome was not associated with age or sex. Multiple logistic regression analysis by sex showed that a 1-SD increase in FTSS test time in males and females was associated with 45% (95% confidence intervals, 19-76; P < 0.01) and 20% (95% confidence intervals, 9-33; P < 0.01) higher risk of having MCR syndrome, respectively, whereas handgrip strength was inversely correlated with MCR syndrome in males [odds ratio (OR), 0.91; P = 0.02] but not females (P = 0.06). Moreover, the relationship of arm fat mass and MCR syndrome was statistically significant in both sexes (OR, 1.69-1.77), but leg fat mass was only associated with MCR syndrome (OR, 1.56; P = 0.02) in men. CONCLUSIONS Handgrip, FTSS test time and body composition were associated in a sex-specific manner with MCR syndrome in elderly community-dwelling Chinese subjects. Our results on MCR syndrome are novel and should be considered as important information in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, China
| | - B L Feng
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, China
| | - C Y Wang
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, China
| | - P Lin
- Ximen Community Health Service Centre, Ningbo, China
| | - Y L Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, China
| | - N N He
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - D J Wang
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, China
| | - L F Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, China
| | - H H Ye
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Cardiovascular Center, Ningbo, China
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Kim JH, Lee Y. Potentially Avoidable Hospitalization among Long-Term Care Insurance Beneficiaries with Dementia. Korean J Fam Med 2020; 41:318-324. [PMID: 32316707 PMCID: PMC7509129 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.18.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the differences in the risk of potentially avoidable hospitalization (PAH) among eligible long-term care insurance (LTCI) beneficiaries with dementia for LTCI services in Korea. Nested case-control study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Service-Senior claim database. METHODS Cases of individuals who had a PAH incident diagnosis and controls were selected by incidence density sampling and matched to cases based on age, sex, and difficulty of daily living among dementia patients. We conducted incidence density sampling three times by PAH type. RESULTS Our main results were presented by conditional logistic regression analysis for the matched case-control studies. Out of the 7,352 eligible LTCI beneficiary patients, there were 1,231 cases (16.7%) in overall PAH, 132 cases (19.0%) in acute PAH and 1,114 cases (16.7%) in chronic PAH categories. In terms of individual risk of overall and chronic PAH, the odds ratios of those who did not receive any services were 1.336 time higher (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.159-1.540) and 1.280 time higher (95% CI, 1.103-1.485) compared to those who received home care, respectively. For risk of acute PAH, the odds ratios of those who did receive institutional care were 2.046 time higher (95% CI, 1.170-3.578) compared to those who received home care. CONCLUSION This study identified the differences in risk of PAH incidents according to the type of LTCI service in the elderly population in Korea. Therefore, it will require substantial effort and strategy from health policy makers to improve care quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Health Administration, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.,Institute of Health Promotion and Policy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yunhwan Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Institute on Aging, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea
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Verma M, Grover S, Singh T, Dahiya N, Nehra R. Screening for cognitive impairment among the elderly attending the noncommunicable diseases clinics in a rural area of Punjab, North India. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 50:102001. [PMID: 32248085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amongst all the ailments among the elderly persons, cognitive impairment has significant impact on the quality of life. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes and hypertension increase the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Little is known about the prevalence and correlates of cognitive impairment in elderly with NCDs. AIM The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and correlates of cognitive impairment among elderly patients living with NCDs. METHODOLOGY 297 patients attending the chronic disease clinic of two Community Health Centres were evaluated using Hindi mini-mental scale (HMSE), University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA LS), Geriatric Depression Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7 scale) and Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale. RESULTS More than one-fourth (27.3 %) of participants had cognitive impairment as per the HMSE scores. The mean HMSE score was lowest (23.90+6.61) among patients with hypertension followed by patients with diabetes alone (26.90+4.46). People with hypertension had lower mean scores on all the domains of HMSE. Multivariable binary logistic regression depicted younger age, high education status, per capita income, long duration of diseases, loneliness, and hypertension emerged as the significant risk factors associated with cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION Older adults with non-communicable diseases have high prevalence of cognitive impairment. Physicians should make the patients and their family members aware about the association of non-communicable diseases with cognitive impairments and should encourage these persons to use remedial measures to reduce the risk of future development of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur Verma
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Punjab, India; Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Tarundeep Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Neha Dahiya
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Ritu Nehra
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Motoric cognitive risk syndrome is associated with processing speed and executive function, but not delayed free recall memory: The Korean frailty and aging cohort study (KFACS). Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 87:103990. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2019.103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Standardising Dementia Diagnosis Across Linguistic and Educational Diversity: Study Design of the Indian Council of Medical Research-Neurocognitive Tool Box (ICMR-NCTB). J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2020; 26:172-186. [PMID: 31826780 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617719001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While the burden of dementia is increasing in low- and middle-income countries, there is a low rate of diagnosis and paucity of research in these regions. A major challenge to study dementia is the limited availability of standardised diagnostic tools for use in populations with linguistic and educational diversity. The objectives of the study were to develop a standardised and comprehensive neurocognitive test battery to diagnose dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to varied etiologies, across different languages and educational levels in India, to facilitate research efforts in diverse settings. METHODS A multidisciplinary expert group formed by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) collaborated towards adapting and validating a neurocognitive test battery, that is, the ICMR Neurocognitive Tool Box (ICMR-NCTB) in five Indian languages (Hindi, Bengali, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam), for illiterates and literates, to standardise diagnosis of dementia and MCI in India. RESULTS Following a review of existing international and national efforts at standardising dementia diagnosis, the ICMR-NCTB was developed and adapted to the Indian setting of sociolinguistic diversity. The battery consisted of tests of cognition, behaviour, and functional activities. A uniform protocol for diagnosis of normal cognition, MCI, and dementia due to neurodegenerative diseases and stroke was followed in six centres. A systematic plan for validating the ICMR-NCTB and establishing cut-off values in a diverse multicentric cohort was developed. CONCLUSIONS A key outcome was the development of a comprehensive diagnostic tool for diagnosis of dementia and MCI due to varied etiologies, in the diverse socio-demographic setting of India.
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Torres-Castro S, Mena-Montes B, González-Ambrosio G, Zubieta-Zavala A, Torres-Carrillo N, Acosta-Castillo G, Espinel-Bermúdez M. Spanish-language cognitive screening tests: a critical review. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2020; 37:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Vlachos GS, Kosmidis MH, Yannakoulia M, Dardiotis E, Hadjigeorgiou G, Sakka P, Ntanasi E, Stefanis L, Scarmeas N. Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly Population in Greece: Results From the HELIAD Study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2020; 34:156-162. [DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bandaru N, Ramu A, Vidhyadhara S. Neuroprotective and antioxidant activities of fraction isolated from methanolic extract of Sapindus laurifolia on scopolamine induced dementia. Pharmacognosy Res 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_50_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ghose S, Dasgupta A, Paul B, Bandyopadhyay L, Ghosh P, Yadav A. Cognitive impairment and its predictors: A cross-sectional study among the elderly in a rural community of West Bengal. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:4603-4612. [PMID: 33209770 PMCID: PMC7652164 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_604_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: With the aging of Indian society, maintaining salubrious cognitive health in late life is a public health priority. Early detection and possible prevention of cognitive impairment (CI), thus, will help in increasing the quality of life of elderly people and decreasing the social, psychological, and economic burden of their families and caregivers. Aims: The study aimed to assess proportion of CI and its predictors. Settings and Design: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 135 elderly people selected from 15 villages out of a total 64 villages in rural field practice area Singur of AIIH&PH, Kolkata. Methods and Material: Cluster sampling technique was used and villages were selected according to probability proportional to size method. Data was collected using a predesigned, pretested structured schedule, which included sociodemographic and behavioral variables, Montreal cognitive assessment tool, Geriatric depression scale short form (GDS 15), and mini nutritional assessment tool. Statistical Analysis Used: Predictors of CI were assessed by univariate and multivariable logistic regression using MS-Excel 2016 and SPSS version 16 software. Results: Mean age of the study participants was 67.03 ± 6.7 years with 51.9% of them being females. Proportion of CI was observed to be 48.1% which was significantly associated with increasing age [AOR = 1.1 (1.02–1.13)], decreasing years of schooling [AOR = 1.1 (1.01–1.2)], depression [AOR = 2.7 (1.3–5.8)], and malnourished group [AOR = 4.5 (1.01–20.3)] Conclusion: The burden of CI among the study population was found to be quite high. It is an alarming situation which needs improved screening facility for early detection. Nutritional upliftment and screening for depression should also be done on a regular basis.
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Li R, Hu X, Tan L, Xie L, Zhang L, Zhou J, Yang M. Screening for Sarcopenia with a Self-Reported Cartoon Questionnaire: Combining SARC-F with Finger-Ring Test. J Nutr Health Aging 2020; 24:1100-1106. [PMID: 33244567 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES No pictorial questionnaire is available for screening sarcopenia. We aimed to develop a self-reported cartoon questionnaire based on the SARC-F and the Finger-Ring test and to compare its diagnostic accuracy with the SARC-F and the SARC-F combined with calf circumference (SARC-CalF). DESIGN A diagnostic accuracy study. SETTING Urban communities in Chengdu, China. PARTICIPANTS Older adults aged ≥ 60 years. METHODS We established a multidiscipline team to design this pictorial questionnaire, entitled Self-Reported Cartoon SARC-CalF (cSARC-CalF). We used the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria as the "gold standard" of sarcopenia. We performed sensitivity/ specificity analyses of the three tools (cSARC-CalF, SARC-CalF, and SARC-F) and applied the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curves (AUC) to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the three tools. RESULTS We included 1,009 participants. Using the Youden Index method, the cutoff of the cSARC-CalF for identifying sarcopenia was set as ≥11 points. Both the cSARC-CalF and the SARC-CalF showed better sensitivity but similar specificity than the SARC-F for identifying sarcopenia (sensitivity: 33.3%, 41.4%, and 23.0%; specificity: 90.1%, 85.9%, and 88.1%). The AUCs of the cSARC-CalF, SARC-CalF, and SARC-F were 0.74 (95% CI, 0.71 - 0.77), 0.79 (95% CI, 0.76 - 0.81), and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.64 - 0.70), respectively. The difference in AUCs between cSARC-CalF and SARC-F and the difference in AUCs between SARC-CalF and SARC-F was statistically significant (p=0.012 and p<0.001, respectively). However, the difference in AUCs between cSARC-CalF and SARC-CalF was not significant (p=0.109). CONCLUSION The cSARC-CalF showed a better overall diagnostic accuracy than the SARC-F and a similar overall diagnostic accuracy as the SARC-CalF in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. It may serve as a new tool for screening sarcopenia; however, it needs to be validated in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Li
- Ming Yang, Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, Phone: +86 28 8542 2326, Fax: +86 28 8542 2321,
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