1
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Wilken L, Rimmelzwaan GF, Elbahesh H. The Raf kinase inhibitors Dabrafenib and Regorafenib impair Zika virus replication via distinct mechanisms. J Virol 2024:e0061824. [PMID: 39023323 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00618-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that has been associated with congenital neurological defects in fetuses born to infected mothers. At present, no vaccine or antiviral therapy is available to combat this devastating disease. Repurposing drugs that target essential host factors exploited by viruses is an attractive therapeutic approach. Here, we screened a panel of clinically approved small-molecule kinase inhibitors for their antiviral effects against a clinical isolate of ZIKV and thoroughly characterized their mechanisms of action. We found that the Raf kinase inhibitors Dabrafenib and Regorafenib potently impair the replication of ZIKV, but not that of its close relative dengue virus. Time-of-addition experiments showed that both inhibitors target ZIKV infection at post-entry steps. We found that Dabrafenib, but not Regorafenib, interfered with ZIKV genome replication by impairing both negative- and positive-strand RNA synthesis. Regorafenib, on the other hand, altered steady-state viral protein levels, viral egress, and blocked NS1 secretion. We also observed Regorafenib-induced ER fragmentation in ZIKV-infected cells, which might contribute to its antiviral effects. Because these inhibitors target different steps of the ZIKV infection cycle, their use in combination therapy may amplify their antiviral effects which could be further explored for future therapeutic strategies against ZIKV and possibly other flaviviruses. IMPORTANCE There is an urgent need to develop effective therapeutics against re-emerging arboviruses associated with neurological disorders like Zika virus (ZIKV). We identified two FDA-approved kinase inhibitors, Dabrafenib and Regorafenib, as potent inhibitors of contemporary ZIKV strains at distinct stages of infection despite overlapping host targets. Both inhibitors reduced viral titers by ~1 to 2 log10 (~10-fold to 100-fold) with minimal cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we show that Dabrafenib inhibits ZIKV RNA replication whereas Regorafenib inhibits ZIKV translation and egress. Regorafenib has the added benefit of limiting NS1 secretion, which contributes to the pathogenesis and disease progression of several flaviviruses. Because these inhibitors affect distinct post-entry steps of ZIKV infection, their therapeutic potential may be amplified by combination therapy and likely does not require prophylactic administration. This study provides further insight into ZIKV-host interactions and has implications for the development of novel antivirals against ZIKV and possibly other flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Wilken
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), Hannover, Germany
| | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), Hannover, Germany
| | - Husni Elbahesh
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), Hannover, Germany
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2
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Modak A, Mishra SR, Awasthi M, Aravind A, Singh S, Sreekumar E. Fingolimod (FTY720), an FDA-approved sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor agonist, restores endothelial hyperpermeability in cellular and animal models of dengue virus serotype 2 infection. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:267-285. [PMID: 38031996 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Extensive vascular leakage and shock is a major cause of dengue-associated mortality. At present, there are no specific treatments available. Sphingolipid pathway is a key player in the endothelial barrier integrity; and is mediated through the five sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PR1-S1PR5). Signaling through S1PR2 promotes barrier disruption; and in Dengue virus (DENV)-infection, there is overexpression of this receptor. Fingolimod (FTY720) is a specific agonist that targets the remaining barrier-protective S1P receptors, without targeting S1PR2. In the present study, we explored whether FTY720 treatment can alleviate DENV-induced endothelial hyperpermeability. In functional assays, in both in vitro systems and in AG129 animal models, FTY720 treatment was found effective. Upon treatment, there was complete restoration of the monolayer integrity in DENV serotype 2-infected human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). At the molecular level, the treatment reversed activation of the S1P pathway. It significantly reduced the phosphorylation of the key molecules such as PTEN, RhoA, and VE-Cadherin; and also, the expression levels of S1PR2. In DENV2-infected AG129 mice treated with FTY720, there was significant improvement in weight gain, in overall clinical symptoms, and in survival. Whereas 100% of the DENV2-infected, untreated animals died by day-10 post-infection, 70% of the FTY720-treated animals were alive; and at the end of the 15-day post-infection observation period, 30% of them were still surviving. There was a significant reduction in the Evan's-blue dye permeability in the organs of FTY720-treated, DENV-2 infected animals; and also improvement in the hemogram, with complete restoration of thrombocytopenia and hepatic function. Our results show that the FDA-approved molecule Fingolimod (FTY720) is a promising therapeutic intervention in severe dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Modak
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana (NCR Delhi), India
| | - Srishti Rajkumar Mishra
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana (NCR Delhi), India
| | - Mansi Awasthi
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana (NCR Delhi), India
| | - Arya Aravind
- Animal Research Facility, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sneha Singh
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Easwaran Sreekumar
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Molecular Bioassay Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Virology (IAV), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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3
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Duggal S, Rawat S, Siddqui G, Vishwakarma P, Samal S, Banerjee A, Vrati S. Dengue virus infection in mice induces bone marrow myeloid cell differentiation and generates Ly6Glow immature neutrophils with modulated functions. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:130-148. [PMID: 37648666 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While neutrophil activation during dengue virus infection is known, the effect of dengue virus infection on neutrophil biogenesis has not been studied. We demonstrate that dengue virus serotype 2 induces the differentiation of mice progenitor cells ex vivo toward the CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G+ granulocyte population. We further observed an expansion of CD11b+Ly6CintLy6Glow myeloid cells in the bone marrow of dengue virus serotype 2-infected AG129 mice with low CXCR2 expression, implying an immature population. Additionally, dengue virus serotype 2 alone could induce the differentiation of promyelocyte cell line HL-60 into neutrophil-like cells, as evidenced by increased expression of CD10, CD66b, CD16, CD11b, and CD62L, corroborating the preferential shift toward neutrophil differentiation by dengue virus serotype 2 in the mouse model of dengue infection. The functional analysis showed that dengue virus serotype 2-induced neutrophil-like cells exhibited reduced phagocytic activity and enhanced NETosis, as evidenced by the increased production of myeloperoxidase, citrullinated histones, extracellular DNA, and superoxide. These neutrophil-like cells lose their ability to proliferate irreversibly and undergo arrest in the G0 to G1 phase of the cell cycle. Further studies show that myeloperoxidase-mediated signaling operating through the reactive oxygen species axis may be involved in dengue virus serotype 2-induced proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow cells as ABAH, a myeloperoxidase inhibitor, limits cell proliferation in vitro and ex vivo, affects the cell cycle, and reduces reactive oxygen species production. Additionally, myeloperoxidase inhibitor reduced NETosis and vascular leakage in dengue virus serotype 2-infected AG129 mice. Our study thus provides evidence that dengue virus serotype 2 can accelerate the differentiation of bone marrow progenitor cells into neutrophils through myeloperoxidase and modulate their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Duggal
- Laboratory of Virology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India
| | - Surender Rawat
- Laboratory of Virology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India
| | - Gazala Siddqui
- Influenza and Respiratory Virus Laboratory, Centre for Virus Research, Therapeutics and Vaccines, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India
| | - Preeti Vishwakarma
- Influenza and Respiratory Virus Laboratory, Centre for Virus Research, Therapeutics and Vaccines, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sweety Samal
- Influenza and Respiratory Virus Laboratory, Centre for Virus Research, Therapeutics and Vaccines, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India
| | - Arup Banerjee
- Laboratory of Virology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sudhanshu Vrati
- Laboratory of Virology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India
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4
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Pinheiro BSS, Rodrigues JG, Dias FCR, de Oliveira Gomes A, de Lucca Moreira Gomes M. Hepatic damage caused by flaviviruses: A systematic review. Life Sci 2023; 331:122074. [PMID: 37683724 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses infect arthropods and mammals and their pathologies are a considerable global health problem, affecting about 400 million people per year. The symptoms of these flaviviruses range from mild manifestations such as nausea, vomiting, and headache to more serious cases such as hemorrhage, meningitis, microcephaly, kidney, and liver failure. This review aims to compile the morphological changes that occur due to infections caused by dengue, yellow fever, and Zika viruses, as well as to describe possible mechanisms of action of such flaviviruses in the liver. PRISMA guidelines were used to search for studies associating flavivirus with liver disorders. Two independent reviewers selected the studies on PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus search platforms. The SYRCLE software was used for the evaluation of the study's quality. Eighteen experimental articles were included. The experimental animals often used in experiments were monkeys (5 %), hamsters (10 %), chicken embryos (10 %), and mice (75 %). It is evident that there is a strong hepatic interaction with flaviviruses, and the main hepatic alterations found were steatosis, apoptosis, necrosis, hemorrhage, elevation of ALT and AST levels, and total bilirubin. Flavivirus infection, in general, trigger an upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to structural changes in mitochondria that activate cascades of cellular death and promote insulin resistance. The majority of the studies primarily focus on dengue and yellow fever viruses, while the findings related to Zika virus exposure are still relatively limited and require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Santana Silva Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Julia Gonçalves Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Carolina Ribeiro Dias
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil; Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Angelica de Oliveira Gomes
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Marcos de Lucca Moreira Gomes
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil.
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5
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Wang H, Long MW, Zhang L, Pan Y, Chen JY, Feng K, Sun QM. Establishment of a non-lethal model of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection in A129 mice based on a non-mouse-adapted dengue virus strain. Zool Res 2023; 44:943-946. [PMID: 37721102 PMCID: PMC10559087 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Ming-Wang Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Jun-Ying Chen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Kai Feng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Qiang-Ming Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China. E-mail:
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6
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Modak A, Mishra SR, Awasthi M, Sreedevi S, Sobha A, Aravind A, Kuppusamy K, Sreekumar E. Higher-temperature-adapted dengue virus serotype 2 strain exhibits enhanced virulence in AG129 mouse model. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23062. [PMID: 37389962 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300098r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The factors that drive dengue virus (DENV) evolution, and selection of virulent variants are yet not clear. Higher environmental temperature shortens DENV extrinsic incubation period in mosquitoes, increases human transmission, and plays a critical role in outbreak dynamics. In the present study, we looked at the effect of temperature in altering the virus virulence. We found that DENV cultured at a higher temperature in C6/36 mosquito cells was significantly more virulent than the virus grown at a lower temperature. In a mouse model, the virulent strain induced enhanced viremia and aggressive disease with a short course, hemorrhage, severe vascular permeability, and death. Higher inflammatory cytokine response, thrombocytopenia, and severe histopathological changes in vital organs such as heart, liver, and kidney were hallmarks of the disease. Importantly, it required only a few passages for the virus to acquire a quasi-species population harboring virulence-imparting mutations. Whole genome comparison with a lower temperature passaged strain identified key genomic changes in the structural protein-coding regions as well as in the 3'UTR of the viral genome. Our results point out that virulence-enhancing genetic changes could occur in the dengue virus genome under enhanced growth temperature conditions in mosquito cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Modak
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Srishti Rajkumar Mishra
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Mansi Awasthi
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sreeja Sreedevi
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Archana Sobha
- Animal Research Facility, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Arya Aravind
- Animal Research Facility, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Krithiga Kuppusamy
- Bioscience Research & Training Centre (BRTC), Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Bio360 Life Sciences Park, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Easwaran Sreekumar
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Molecular Bioassay Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Virology (IAV), Bio360 Life Sciences Park, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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7
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Pintado Silva J, Fernandez-Sesma A. Challenges on the development of a dengue vaccine: a comprehensive review of the state of the art. J Gen Virol 2023; 104:001831. [PMID: 36857199 PMCID: PMC10228381 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the mosquito-borne virus of greatest human health concern. There are four serotypes of DENV (1-4) that co-circulate in endemic areas. Each serotype of DENV is individually capable of causing the full spectrum of disease, ranging from self-resolving dengue fever to the more severe dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Based on data published by the CDC, one in four people who become infected with dengue will become ill. Of those that do develop symptomology, the symptoms can range from mild to severe. Symptoms can vary from rash, ocular aches and pains to more intense symptoms in the manifestation of severe dengue. Roughly, 1 in 20 people who become ill will develop severe dengue, which can result in shock, internal bleeding and death. There is currently no specific treatment for dengue and only one licensed vaccine (Dengvaxia) for children 9 through 16 years of age in just a few countries. Despite its licensure for clinical use, Dengvaxia has performed with low efficacy in children and dengue naïve individuals and critically has resulted in increased risk of developing severe dengue in young, vaccinated recipients. Currently, there are various novel strategies for the development of a dengue vaccine. In this review we have conducted a detailed overview of the DENV vaccine landscape, focusing on nine vaccines in the pipeline to provide a comprehensive overview of the most state-of-the-art developments in strategies for vaccines against DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pintado Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ana Fernandez-Sesma
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
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8
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Tsurudome Y, Morita N, Horiguchi M, Ushijima K. Decreased ZO1 expression causes loss of time-dependent tight junction function in the liver of ob/ob mice. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:11881-11890. [PMID: 36224445 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07940-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes patients are at a high risk of developing complications related to angiopathy and disruption of the signal transduction system. The liver is one of the multiple organs damaged during diabetes. Few studies have evaluated the morphological effects of adhesion factors in diabetic liver. The influence of diurnal variation has been observed in the expression and functioning of adhesion molecules to maintain tissue homeostasis associated with nutrient uptake. The present study demonstrated that the rhythm-influenced functioning of tight junction was impaired in the liver of ob/ob mice. The tight junctions of hepatocytes were loosened during the dark period in control mice compared to those in ob/ob mice, where the hepatocyte gaps remained open throughout the day. The time-dependent expression of zonula occludens 1 (ZO1, encoded by Tjp1 gene) in the liver plays a vital role in the functioning of the tight junction. The time-dependent expression of ZO1 was nullified and its expression was attenuated in the liver of ob/ob mice. ZO1 expression was inhibited at the mRNA and protein levels. The expression rhythm of ZO1 was found to be regulated by heat shock factor (HSF)1/2, the expression of which was reduced in the liver of ob/ob mice. The DNA-binding ability of HSF1/2 was decreased in the liver of ob/ob mice compared to that in control mice. These findings suggest the involvement of impaired expression and functioning of adhesion factors in diabetic liver complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Tsurudome
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, 756-0884, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Nao Morita
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, 756-0884, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Michiko Horiguchi
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, 756-0884, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ushijima
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, 756-0884, Yamaguchi, Japan. .,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
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9
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Liu X, Liu Y, Wu H, He Z, Li Z, Qin Z, Yu J, Zhu L, Wu Q, Xiao W, Shen C, Wan C, Zhang B, Zhao W. Murine diabetic models for dengue virus infection. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5943-5953. [PMID: 36000451 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a critical public health concern in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Thus, immunocompetent murine models of DENV infection with robust viremia are required for vaccine studies. Diabetes is highly prevalent worldwide, making it frequent comorbidity in patients with dengue fever. Therefore, murine models are needed to understand viral pathogenesis and disease progression. Acquired-induced and inherently diabetic C57BL/6 and db/db mice were inoculated with DENV-3 via the tail vein. After infection, both the diabetic C57BL/6 and db/db mice showed obvious weight loss with clinical manifestations. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed robust and replicable viremia in the two types of diabetic mice. Immunohistochemical detection showed persistent DENV-3 infection in the liver. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for cytokine detection revealed that diabetic mice showed more severe inflammatory responses than did nondiabetic mice, and significant histological alterations were observed in diabetic mice. Thus, the diabetic mice were more susceptible to DENV infection than the nondiabetic mice. Taken together, we established two types of immunocompetent diabetic mice for DENV infection, which can be used to further study the mechanisms of dengue pathogenesis in diabetes and to develop antiviral pharmaceuticals and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuling Liu
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingfang Liu
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan He
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoyun Li
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiran Qin
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhai Yu
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhu
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Xiao
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenguang Shen
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengsong Wan
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Zhang
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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10
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Itakura Y, Tabata K, Morimoto K, Ito N, Chambaro HM, Eguchi R, Otsuguro KI, Hall WW, Orba Y, Sawa H, Sasaki M. Glu333 in rabies virus glycoprotein is involved in virus attenuation through astrocyte infection and interferon responses. iScience 2022; 25:104122. [PMID: 35402872 PMCID: PMC8983343 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The amino acid residue at position 333 of the rabies virus (RABV) glycoprotein (G333) is a major determinant of RABV pathogenicity. Virulent RABV strains possess Arg333, whereas the attenuated strain HEP-Flury (HEP) possesses Glu333. To investigate the potential attenuation mechanism dependent on a single amino acid at G333, comparative analysis was performed between HEP and HEP333R mutant with Arg333. We examined their respective tropism for astrocytes and the subsequent immune responses in astrocytes. Virus replication and subsequent interferon (IFN) responses in astrocytes infected with HEP were increased compared with HEP333R both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, involvement of IFN in the avirulency of HEP was demonstrated in IFN-receptor knockout mice. These results indicate that Glu333 contributes to RABV attenuation by determining the ability of the virus to infect astrocytes and stimulate subsequent IFN responses. Glu333 in G protein is responsible for astrocyte infection with RABV HEP strain Arg333 mutation in G protein decreases astrocyte tropism of RABV HEP RABV HEP evokes higher IFN responses in astrocytes than HEP with Arg333 mutation Glu333-dependent astrocyte infection is involved in the attenuation of RABV HEP
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Itakura
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Koshiro Tabata
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Kohei Morimoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Naoto Ito
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Herman M. Chambaro
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Ryota Eguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Otsuguro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - William W. Hall
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College of Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- Corresponding author
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11
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Byrne AB, García CC, Damonte EB, Talarico LB. Murine models of dengue virus infection for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:397-412. [PMID: 35098849 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2033205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dengue virus (DENV) is the causative agent of the most prevalent human disease transmitted by mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. At present, no antiviral drug is available and the difficulties to develop highly protective vaccines against the four DENV serotypes maintain the requirement of effective options for dengue chemotherapy. AREAS COVERED The availability of animal models that reproduce human disease is a very valuable tool for the preclinical evaluation of potential antivirals. Here, the main murine models of dengue infection are described, including immunocompetent wild-type mice, immunocompromised mice deficient in diverse components of the interferon (IFN) pathway and humanized mice. The main findings in antiviral testing of DENV inhibitory compounds in murine models are also presented. EXPERT OPINION At present, there is no murine model that fully recapitulates human disease. However, immunocompromised mice deficient in IFN-α/β and -γ receptors, with their limitations, have shown to be the most suitable system for antiviral preclinical testing. In fact, the AG129 mouse model allowed the identification of celgosivir, an inhibitor of cellular glucosidases, as a promising option for DENV therapy. However, clinical trials still were not successful, emphasizing the difficulties in the transition from preclinical testing to human treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana B Byrne
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Infectológicas y Biología Molecular, Infectología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cybele C García
- Laboratorio de Estrategias Antivirales, Departamento de Química Biológica-IQUIBICEN (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elsa B Damonte
- Laboratorio de Estrategias Antivirales, Departamento de Química Biológica-IQUIBICEN (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura B Talarico
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Infectológicas y Biología Molecular, Infectología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Meuren LM, Coelho SVA, de Arruda LB. Evaluation of DENV-Induced Endothelial Cell Permeability by Measurements of Transendothelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) and Extravasation of Proteins and Virus. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2409:207-222. [PMID: 34709644 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1879-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This chapter will discuss reliable and relatively easy and fast strategies to evaluate the integrity of endothelial cell monolayers when infected by dengue virus (DENV). Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) were exploited here as general model of vessel wall core, but it may also be used as an in vitro simplified model of blood brain barrier (BBB). The integrity of endothelial cells monolayer can be inferred using a transwell culture system by: (1) measuring transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) using a Voltohmmeter; (2) analyzing the monolayer permeability to fluorescent-conjugated proteins and fluorimetric assay; (3) investigating virus extravasation by quantitative RT-PCR and plaque conventional assay. The rational to use those strategies is that vascular alterations are often observed during dengue infection, being associated to disease severity. The vasculature core consists of a barrier of endothelial cells, which are tightly adhered by the expression of adhesion molecules and tight junctions. This structure must be preserved in order to control the flux of cells and metabolites from the circulation to the tissues and to maintain vascular homeostasis. Therefore, experimental assays that allow evaluation of endothelial integrity can be useful platforms to further understand disease pathogenesis and screen pharmaceutical interventions to control vascular disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Monteiro Meuren
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sharton Vinicius Antunes Coelho
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Barros de Arruda
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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13
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Wu YH, Chen WC, Tseng CK, Chen YH, Lin CK, Lee JC. Heme oxygenase-1 inhibits DENV-induced endothelial hyperpermeability and serves as a potential target against dengue hemorrhagic fever. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22110. [PMID: 34918393 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100688rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a cause of vascular endothelial dysfunction and vascular leakage, which are characterized as hallmarks of dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, which become a severe global health emergency with substantial morbidity and mortality. Currently, there are still no promising therapeutics to alleviate the dengue-associated vascular hemorrhage in a clinical setting. In the present study, we first observed that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression level was highly suppressed in severe DENV-infected patients. In contrast, the overexpression of HO-1 could attenuate DENV-induced pathogenesis, including plasma leakage and thrombocytopenia, in an AG129 mouse model. Our data indicate that overexpression of HO-1 or its metabolite biliverdin can maintain endothelial integrity upon DENV infection in vitro and in vivo. We further characterized the positive regulatory effect of HO-1 on the endothelial adhesion factor vascular endothelial-cadherin to decrease DENV-induced endothelial hyperpermeability. Subsequently, we confirmed that two medicinal plant-derived compounds, andrographolide, and celastrol, widely used as a nutritional or medicinal supplement are useful to attenuate DENV-induced plasma leakage through induction of the HO-1 expression in DENV-infected AG129 mice. In conclusion, our findings reveal that induction of the HO-1 signal pathway is a promising option for the treatment of DENV-induced vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kai Tseng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center of Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuang Lin
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine in College of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Natural Products in College of Pharmacy, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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14
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Al Shujairi WH, Kris LP, van der Hoek K, Cowell E, Bracho-Granado G, Woodgate T, Beard MR, Carr JM. Viperin is anti-viral in vitro but is dispensable for restricting dengue virus replication or induction of innate and inflammatory responses in vivo. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 34665110 PMCID: PMC8604189 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Viperin has antiviral function against many viruses, including dengue virus (DENV), when studied in cells in culture. Here, the antiviral actions of viperin were defined both in vitro and in a mouse in vivo model of DENV infection. Murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from mice lacking viperin (vip−/−) showed enhanced DENV infection, accompanied by increased IFN-β and induction of ISGs; IFIT1 and CXCL-10 but not IRF7, when compared to wild-type (WT) MEFs. In contrast, subcutaneous challenge of immunocompetent WT and vip−/− mice with DENV did not result in enhanced infection. Intracranial infection with DENV resulted in body weight loss and neurological disease with a moderate increase in mortality in vip−/− compared with WT mice, although this was not accompanied by altered brain morphology, immune cell infiltration or DENV RNA level in the brain. Similarly, DENV induction of IFN-β, IFIT1, CXCL-10, IRF7 and TNF-α was not significantly different in WT and vip−/− mouse brain, although there was a modest but significant increase in DENV induction of IL-6 and IfI27la in the absence of viperin. NanoString nCounter analysis confirmed no significant difference in induction of a panel of inflammatory genes in WT compared to vip−/− DENV-infected mouse brains. Further, polyI:C stimulation of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) induced TNF-α, IFN-β, IL-6 and Nos-2, but responses were not different in BMDMs generated from WT or vip−/− mice. Thus, while there is significant evidence of anti-DENV actions of viperin in some cell types in vitro, for DENV infection in vivo a lack of viperin does not affect systemic or brain susceptibility to DENV or induction of innate and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisam-Hamzah Al Shujairi
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, 51001 Hilla, Iraq
| | - Luke P Kris
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kylie van der Hoek
- School of Biological Sciences, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Evangeline Cowell
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Tahlia Woodgate
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael R Beard
- School of Biological Sciences, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Jillian M Carr
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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15
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Evaluation of AT-752, a Double Prodrug of a Guanosine Nucleotide Analog with In Vitro and In Vivo Activity against Dengue and Other Flaviviruses. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0098821. [PMID: 34424050 PMCID: PMC8522752 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00988-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Every year, millions of people worldwide are infected with dengue virus (DENV), with a significant number developing severe life-threatening disease. There are currently no broadly indicated vaccines or therapeutics available for treatment of DENV infection. Here, we show that AT-281, the free base of AT-752, an orally available double prodrug of a guanosine nucleotide analog, was a potent inhibitor of DENV serotypes 2 and 3 in vitro, requiring concentrations of 0.48 and 0.77 μM, respectively, to inhibit viral replication by 50% (EC50) in Huh-7 cells. AT-281 was also a potent inhibitor of all other flaviviruses tested, with EC50 values ranging from 0.19 to 1.41 μM. Little to no cytotoxicity was observed for AT-281 at concentrations up to 170 μM. After oral administration of AT-752, substantial levels of the active triphosphate metabolite AT-9010 were formed in vivo in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of mice, rats, and monkeys. Furthermore, AT-9010 competed with GTP in RNA template-primer elongation assays with DENV2 RNA polymerase, which is essential for viral replication, with incorporation of AT-9010 resulting in termination of RNA synthesis. In AG129 mice infected with DENV D2Y98P, treatment with AT-752 significantly reduced viremia and morbidity and increased survival. The demonstrated in vitro and in vivo activity of AT-752 suggests that it is a promising compound for the treatment of dengue virus infection and is currently under evaluation in clinical studies.
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16
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Patil AM, Choi JY, Park SO, Uyangaa E, Kim B, Kim K, Eo SK. Type I IFN signaling limits hemorrhage-like disease after infection with Japanese encephalitis virus through modulating a prerequisite infection of CD11b +Ly-6C + monocytes. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:136. [PMID: 34130738 PMCID: PMC8204625 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The crucial role of type I interferon (IFN-I, IFN-α/β) is well known to control central nervous system (CNS) neuroinflammation caused by neurotrophic flaviviruses such as Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus. However, an in-depth analysis of IFN-I signal-dependent cellular factors that govern CNS-restricted tropism in JEV infection in vivo remains to be elucidated. Methods Viral dissemination, tissue tropism, and cytokine production were examined in IFN-I signal-competent and -incompetent mice after JEV inoculation in tissues distal from the CNS such as the footpad. Bone marrow (BM) chimeric models were used for defining hematopoietic and tissue-resident cells in viral dissemination and tissue tropism. Results The paradoxical and interesting finding was that IFN-I signaling was essentially required for CNS neuroinflammation following JEV inoculation in distal footpad tissue. IFN-I signal-competent mice died after a prolonged neurological illness, but IFN-I signal-incompetent mice all succumbed without neurological signs. Rather, IFN-I signal-incompetent mice developed hemorrhage-like disease as evidenced by thrombocytopenia, functional injury of the liver and kidney, increased vascular leakage, and excessive cytokine production. This hemorrhage-like disease was closely associated with quick viral dissemination and impaired IFN-I innate responses before invasion of JEV into the CNS. Using bone marrow (BM) chimeric models, we found that intrinsic IFN-I signaling in tissue-resident cells in peripheral organs played a major role in inducing the hemorrhage-like disease because IFN-I signal-incompetent recipients of BM cells from IFN-I signal-competent mice showed enhanced viral dissemination, uncontrolled cytokine production, and increased vascular leakage. IFN-I signal-deficient hepatocytes and enterocytes were permissive to JEV replication with impaired induction of antiviral IFN-stimulated genes, and neuron cells derived from both IFN-I signal-competent and -incompetent mice were vulnerable to JEV replication. Finally, circulating CD11b+Ly-6C+ monocytes infiltrated into the distal tissues inoculated by JEV participated in quick viral dissemination to peripheral organs of IFN-I signal-incompetent mice at an early stage. Conclusion An IFN-I signal-dependent model is proposed to demonstrate how CD11b+Ly-6C+ monocytes are involved in restricting the tissue tropism of JEV to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Mahadev Patil
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ok Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Erdenebelig Uyangaa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Koanhoi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kug Eo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
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Kim J, Park SJ, Park J, Shin H, Jang YS, Woo JS, Min DH. Identification of a Direct-Acting Antiviral Agent Targeting RNA Helicase via a Graphene Oxide Nanobiosensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:25715-25726. [PMID: 34036784 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV), an arbovirus transmitted by mosquitoes, causes infectious diseases such as dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome. Despite the dangers posed by DENV, there are no approved antiviral drugs for treatment of DENV infection. Considering the potential for a global dengue outbreak, rapid development of antiviral agents against DENV infections is crucial as a preemptive measure; thus, the selection of apparent drug targets, such as the viral enzymes involved in the viral life cycle, is recommended. Helicase, a potential drug target in DENV, is a crucial viral enzyme that unwinds double-stranded viral RNA, releasing single-stranded RNA genomes during viral replication. Therefore, an inhibitor of helicase activity could serve as a direct-acting antiviral agent. Here, we introduce an RNA helicase assay based on graphene oxide, which enables fluorescence-based analysis of RNA substrate-specific helicase enzyme activity. This assay demonstrated high reliability and ability for high-throughput screening, identifying a new helicase inhibitor candidate, micafungin (MCFG), from an FDA-approved drug library. As a direct-acting antiviral agent targeting RNA helicase, MCFG inhibits DENV proliferation in cells and an animal model. Notably, in vivo, MCFG treatment reduced viremia, inflammatory cytokine levels, and viral loads in several tissues and improved survival rates by up to 40% in a lethal mouse model. Therefore, we suggest MCFG as a potential direct-acting antiviral drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisang Park
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojeong Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Jang
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Woo
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal-Hee Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Biotherapeutics Convergence Technology, Lemonex Inc., Seoul 06683, Republic of Korea
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18
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Mohd Abd Razak MR, Norahmad NA, Md Jelas NH, Afzan A, Mohmad Misnan N, Mat Ripen A, Thayan R, Zainol M, Syed Mohamed AF. Immunomodulatory Activities of Carica papaya L. Leaf Juice in a Non-Lethal, Symptomatic Dengue Mouse Model. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050501. [PMID: 33919457 PMCID: PMC8170887 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Carica papaya L. leaf juice in immune dysregulation caused by dengue virus infection remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory activities of the freeze-dried C. papaya leaf juice (FCPLJ) on AG129 mice infected with a clinical DENV-2 (DMOF015) isolate. The infected AG129 mice were orally treated with 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day of FCPLJ, for three days. Platelet, leukocyte, lymphocyte and neutrophil counts were microscopically determined. The level of plasma proinflammatory cytokines was measured by multiplex immunoassay. The levels of intracellular cytokines and viral RNA were determined by RT-qPCR technique. The results showed that the FCPLJ treatment increased the total white blood cell and neutrophil counts in the infected mice. The FCPLJ treatment decreased the level of GM-CSF, GRO-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, MCP-1 and MIP-1 beta in the plasma of the infected mice. The intracellular IL-6 and viral RNA levels in the liver of infected mice were decreased by the FCPLJ treatment. In conclusion, this study supports the potential immunomodulatory role of the FCPLJ in a non-lethal, symptomatic dengue mouse model. Further studies on the action mechanism of the C. papaya leaf juice and its possible use as adjunctive dengue immunotherapy are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Abd Razak
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia; (N.A.N.); (N.H.M.J.); (A.A.); (N.M.M.); (M.Z.); (A.F.S.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nor Azrina Norahmad
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia; (N.A.N.); (N.H.M.J.); (A.A.); (N.M.M.); (M.Z.); (A.F.S.M.)
| | - Nur Hana Md Jelas
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia; (N.A.N.); (N.H.M.J.); (A.A.); (N.M.M.); (M.Z.); (A.F.S.M.)
| | - Adlin Afzan
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia; (N.A.N.); (N.H.M.J.); (A.A.); (N.M.M.); (M.Z.); (A.F.S.M.)
| | - Norazlan Mohmad Misnan
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia; (N.A.N.); (N.H.M.J.); (A.A.); (N.M.M.); (M.Z.); (A.F.S.M.)
| | - Adiratna Mat Ripen
- Allergy and Immunology Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia;
| | - Ravindran Thayan
- Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia;
| | - Murizal Zainol
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia; (N.A.N.); (N.H.M.J.); (A.A.); (N.M.M.); (M.Z.); (A.F.S.M.)
| | - Ami Fazlin Syed Mohamed
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia; (N.A.N.); (N.H.M.J.); (A.A.); (N.M.M.); (M.Z.); (A.F.S.M.)
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Lin JJ, Chung PJ, Dai SS, Tsai WT, Lin YF, Kuo YP, Tsai KN, Chien CH, Tsai DJ, Wu MS, Shu PY, Yueh A, Chen HW, Chen CH, Yu GY. Aggressive organ penetration and high vector transmissibility of epidemic dengue virus-2 Cosmopolitan genotype in a transmission mouse model. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009480. [PMID: 33784371 PMCID: PMC8034735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) causes dengue fever and severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and is primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus mosquitoes. The incidence of DENV infection has been gradually increasing in recent years due to global urbanization and international travel. Understanding the virulence determinants in host and vector transmissibility of emerging epidemic DENV will be critical to combat potential outbreaks. The DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2), which caused a widespread outbreak in Taiwan in 2015 (TW2015), is of the Cosmopolitan genotype and is phylogenetically related to the virus strain linked to another large outbreak in Indonesia in 2015. We found that the TW2015 virus was highly virulent in type I and type II interferon-deficient mice, with robust replication in spleen, lung, and intestine. The TW2015 virus also had high transmissibility to Aedes mosquitoes and could be effectively spread in a continuous mosquitoes-mouse-mosquitoes-mouse transmission cycle. By making 16681-based mutants carrying different segments of the TW2015 virus, we identified the structural pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes as key virulence determinants in the host, with involvement in the high transmissibility of the TW2015 virus in mosquitoes. The transmission mouse model will make a useful platform for evaluation of DENV with high epidemic potential and development of new strategies against dengue outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhe-Jhih Lin
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Chung
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Syong Dai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Tsai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Lin
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Kuo
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Nan Tsai
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Chien
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - De-Jiun Tsai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sian Wu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Shu
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan
| | - Andrew Yueh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Wei Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (C-HC); (G-YY)
| | - Guann-Yi Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (C-HC); (G-YY)
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20
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Jiang L, Lu C, Sun Q. Tree Shrew as a New Animal Model for the Study of Dengue Virus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:621164. [PMID: 33841402 PMCID: PMC8026886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.621164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus is a significant public health threat worldwide; however, the pathogenesis of dengue disease remains poorly understood due to lack of appropriate small animal models. Tree shrews are an emerging experimental animal model for the study of human diseases due to their resemblance of genetic characteristics to primate animals. Herein we report that dengue infection in tree shrews elicits resemble clinical symptoms as in humans. Dengue fever (△2°C> normal body temperature) developed in ~22% healthy Chinese tree shrews from 2 through 33 days after infection with a low dose (1 ∗ 104 PFU/animal) of dengue virus serotype 2 or 3 intravenously or subcutaneously. The dengue genomic RNA and neutralizing antibodies were detected in ~78% of animals at days 7 and 15 post infection respectively. The serum levels of liver enzymes including aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were elevated with peaks at day 7 after infection. Modest thrombocytopenia and a slight decrease in the white blood cell count were observed. Intriguingly, although viral RNA was barely detectable in the liver by 48 days after infection, it was still evident in the brain. The intra-brain bleeding lesions in the intravenous infection group were more severe than those in the subcutaneous infection group. Our data demonstrate that primary dengue virus infection in tree shrews causes resemble clinical disease as in humans and thus tree shrews may be a suitable model for the study of dengue disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Jiang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Caixia Lu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Qiangming Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
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21
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Lee PX, Ting DHR, Boey CPH, Tan ETX, Chia JZH, Idris F, Oo Y, Ong LC, Chua YL, Hapuarachchi C, Ng LC, Alonso S. Relative contribution of nonstructural protein 1 in dengue pathogenesis. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151891. [PMID: 32584412 PMCID: PMC7478733 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a major public health concern in the tropical and subtropical world, with no effective treatment. The controversial live attenuated virus vaccine Dengvaxia has boosted the pursuit of subunit vaccine approaches, and nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) has recently emerged as a promising candidate. However, we found that NS1 immunization or passive transfer of NS1 antibodies failed to confer protection in symptomatic dengue mouse models using two non–mouse-adapted DENV2 strains that are highly virulent. Exogenous administration of purified NS1 also failed to worsen in vivo vascular leakage in sublethally infected mice. Neither method of NS1 immune neutralization changed the disease outcome of a chimeric strain expressing a vascular leak-potent NS1. Instead, virus chimerization involving the prME structural region indicated that these proteins play a critical role in driving in vivo fitness and virulence of the virus, through induction of key proinflammatory cytokines. This work highlights that the pathogenic role of NS1 is DENV strain dependent, which warrants reevaluation of NS1 as a universal dengue vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xuan Lee
- Infectious Disease Programme and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Donald Heng Rong Ting
- Infectious Disease Programme and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clement Peng Hee Boey
- Infectious Disease Programme and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eunice Tze Xin Tan
- Infectious Disease Programme and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Janice Zuo Hui Chia
- Infectious Disease Programme and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fakhriedzwan Idris
- Infectious Disease Programme and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yukei Oo
- Infectious Disease Programme and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Ching Ong
- Infectious Disease Programme and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen Leong Chua
- Infectious Disease Programme and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lee Ching Ng
- Environmental Health Institute at National Environment Agency, Singapore
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Infectious Disease Programme and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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22
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Cabezas-Falcon S, Norbury AJ, Hulme-Jones J, Klebe S, Adamson P, Rudd PA, Mahalingam S, Ong LC, Alonso S, Gordon DL, Carr JM. Changes in complement alternative pathway components, factor B and factor H during dengue virus infection in the AG129 mouse. J Gen Virol 2021; 102:001547. [PMID: 33410734 PMCID: PMC8515863 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement alternative pathway (AP) is tightly regulated and changes in two important AP components, factor B (FB) and factor H (FH) are linked to severe dengue in humans. Here, a mouse model of dengue was investigated to define the changes in FB and FH and assess the utility of this model to study the role of the AP in severe dengue. Throughout the period of viremia in the AG129 IFN signalling-deficient mouse, an increase in FB and a decrease in FH was observed following dengue virus (DENV) infection, with the former only seen in a model of more severe disease associated with antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Terminal disease was associated with a decrease in FB and FH, with greater changes during ADE, and accompanied by increased C3 degradation consistent with complement activation. In silico analysis of NFκΒ, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) and IFN-driven FB and FH promoter elements to reflect the likely impact of the lack of IFN-responses in AG129 mice, demonstrated that these elements differed markedly between human and mouse, notably with mouse FH lacking NFκΒ and key IFN-stimulated response elements (ISRE), and FB with many more NFκΒ and STAT-responsive elements than human FB. Thus, the AG129 mouse offers utility in demonstrating changes in FB and FH that, similar to humans, are associated with severe disease, but lack predicted important human-specific and IFN-dependent responses of FB and FH to DENV-infection that are likely to regulate the subtleties of the overall AP response during dengue disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Cabezas-Falcon
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, South Australia
| | - Aidan J. Norbury
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, South Australia
| | - Jarrod Hulme-Jones
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, South Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Anatomy and Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, South Australia
- SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000, South Australia
| | - Penelope Adamson
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, South Australia
| | - Penny A. Rudd
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4215, Australia
| | - Suresh Mahalingam
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4215, Australia
| | - Li-Ching Ong
- Infectious Disease Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Infectious Disease Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - David L. Gordon
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, South Australia
- SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000, South Australia
| | - Jillian M. Carr
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, South Australia
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23
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Idris F, Ting DHR, Alonso S. An update on dengue vaccine development, challenges, and future perspectives. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1811675
expr 880867630 + 907120263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fakhriedzwan Idris
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Donald Heng Rong Ting
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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24
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Sarathy VV, Walker DH. Ideal Criteria for Accurate Mouse Models of Vector-Borne Diseases with Emphasis on Scrub Typhus and Dengue. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:970-975. [PMID: 32602433 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine criteria regarding the infectious agent, mode of transmission, portal of entry, route of spread, target organs, target cells, pathologic lesions, incubation period, and modifiable spectrum of disease and outcomes appropriate to the intended experimental purpose are described. To provide context for each criterion, mouse models of two vector-borne zoonotic infectious diseases, scrub typhus and dengue, are summarized. Application of the criteria indicates that intravenous inoculation of Orientia tsutsugamushi into inbred mice is the best current model for life-threatening scrub typhus, and intradermal inoculation accurately models sublethal human scrub typhus, whereas the immunocompromised mouse models of dengue provide disease outcomes most closely associated with human dengue. In addition to addressing basic questions of immune and pathogenic mechanisms, mouse models are useful for preclinical testing of experimental vaccines and therapeutics. The nine criteria serve as guidelines to evaluate and compare models of vector-borne infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa V Sarathy
- Department of Pathology, Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - David H Walker
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Pathology, Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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25
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Kamiya T, Greischar MA, Schneider DS, Mideo N. Uncovering drivers of dose-dependence and individual variation in malaria infection outcomes. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008211. [PMID: 33031367 PMCID: PMC7544130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand why some hosts get sicker than others from the same type of infection, it is essential to explain how key processes, such as host responses to infection and parasite growth, are influenced by various biotic and abiotic factors. In many disease systems, the initial infection dose impacts host morbidity and mortality. To explore drivers of dose-dependence and individual variation in infection outcomes, we devised a mathematical model of malaria infection that allowed host and parasite traits to be linear functions (reaction norms) of the initial dose. We fitted the model, using a hierarchical Bayesian approach, to experimental time-series data of acute Plasmodium chabaudi infection across doses spanning seven orders of magnitude. We found evidence for both dose-dependent facilitation and debilitation of host responses. Most importantly, increasing dose reduced the strength of activation of indiscriminate host clearance of red blood cells while increasing the half-life of that response, leading to the maximal response at an intermediate dose. We also explored the causes of diverse infection outcomes across replicate mice receiving the same dose. Besides random noise in the injected dose, we found variation in peak parasite load was due to unobserved individual variation in host responses to clear infected cells. Individual variation in anaemia was likely driven by random variation in parasite burst size, which is linked to the rate of host cells lost to malaria infection. General host vigour in the absence of infection was also correlated with host health during malaria infection. Our work demonstrates that the reaction norm approach provides a useful quantitative framework for examining the impact of a continuous external factor on within-host infection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukushi Kamiya
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Megan A. Greischar
- Department of Ecology Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, United States of America
| | - David S. Schneider
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Nicole Mideo
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
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26
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Idris F, Ting DHR, Alonso S. An update on dengue vaccine development, challenges, and future perspectives. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:47-58. [PMID: 32838577 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1811675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION From both a public health and economic perspective, vaccination is arguably the most effective approach to combat endemic and pandemic infectious diseases. Dengue affects more than 100 countries in the tropical and subtropical world, with 100-400 million infections every year. In the wake of the recent setback faced by Dengvaxia, the only FDA-approved dengue vaccine, safer and more effective dengue vaccines candidates are moving along the clinical pipeline. AREA COVERED This review provides an update of the latest outcomes of dengue vaccine clinical trials. In the light of recent progress made in our understanding of dengue pathogenesis and immune correlates of protection, novel vaccine strategies have emerged with promising second-generation dengue vaccine candidates. Finally, the authors discuss the dengue-specific challenges that remain to be addressed and overcome. EXPERT OPINION The authors propose to explore various adjuvants and delivery systems that may help improve the design of safe, effective, and affordable vaccines against dengue. They also challenge the concept of a 'universal' dengue vaccine as increasing evidence support that DENV strains have evolved different virulence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhriedzwan Idris
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Donald Heng Rong Ting
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
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27
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Crocetin Improves Dengue Virus-Induced Liver Injury. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080825. [PMID: 32751420 PMCID: PMC7472398 DOI: 10.3390/v12080825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is one of the most widespread mosquito-borne viral infections. Liver injury is commonly observed in severe DENV infection, and the present study aimed to examine the efficacy of crocetin treatment in an immunocompetent mouse model of DENV infection exhibiting liver injury. The efficacy of crocetin treatment in DENV-induced liver injury was assessed via both transaminase levels and histopathology analysis. A real-time polymerase chain reaction array was then used to describe the expression of 84 apoptosis-related genes. Using real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, the gene expressions of host factors were investigated. Additionally, the effect of crocetin in NF-kB signaling during DENV infection was studied. We did not observe any significant reduction in virus production when DENV-infected mice were treated with crocetin. However, DENV-infected mice treated with crocetin showed reduced DENV-induced apoptosis. The real-time polymerase chain reaction array revealed pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions to be significantly reduced in the crocetin-treated DENV-infected mice. We also found that crocetin could effectively modulate antioxidant status in DENV-infected mice. Moreover, crocetin demonstrated the ability to reduce the nuclear translocation of NF-kB in DENV-infected mice. Our results suggest that crocetin treatment does not inhibit DENV replication in the liver of DENV-infected mice; however, we did find that crocetin improves host responses that reduce liver injury.
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28
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Galula JU, Yang CY, Davis BS, Chang GJJ, Chao DY. Cross-reactivity reduced dengue virus 2 vaccine has no cross-protection against heterotypic dengue viruses. Future Virol 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2019-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: This study assessed how prime-boost strategies influence the immunogenicity of a cross-reactivity reduced dengue virus 2 vaccine (DENV-2 RD). Materials & methods: Mice were immunized with DENV-2 RD vaccines in a heterologous DNA and virus-like particle (VLP) prime-boost. Elicited antibodies were analyzed for neutralization and protective efficacy against four DENV serotypes. Results: DENV-2 RD DNA-VLP had induced higher and broader levels of total IgG and neutralizing antibodies with statistically significant IgG titers against DENV-2 and -3. Only pups of DENV-2 RD DNA-VLP immunized female mice were fully protected against homotypic DENV challenge and partially protected (60% survival rate) against heterotypic DENV-3 lethal challenge. Conclusion: DENV-2 RD vaccine requires a multivalent format to effectively elicit a balanced and protective immunity across all four DENV serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedhan U Galula
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology & Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Yang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology & Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Brent S Davis
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, US Department of Health & Human Services, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Gwong-Jen J Chang
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, US Department of Health & Human Services, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Day-Yu Chao
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology & Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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29
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Carr JM, Cabezas-Falcon S, Dubowsky JG, Hulme-Jones J, Gordon DL. Dengue virus and the complement alternative pathway. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2543-2555. [PMID: 31943152 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dengue disease is an inflammatory-driven pathology, and complement overactivation is linked to disease severity and vascular leakage. Additionally, dysregulation of complement alternative pathway (AP) components has been described, such as upregulation of complement factor D and downregulation of complement factor H (FH), which activate and inhibit the AP, respectively. Thus, the pathology of severe dengue could in part result from AP dysfunction, even though complement and AP activation usually provide protection against viral infections. In dengue virus-infected macrophages and endothelial cells (ECs), the site of replication and target for vascular pathology, respectively, the AP is activated. The AP activation, reduced FH and vascular leakage seen in dengue disease in part parallels other complement AP pathologies associated with FH deficiency, such as atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS). aHUS can be therapeutically targeted with inhibitors of complement terminal activity, raising the idea that strategies such as inhibition of complement or delivery of FH or other complement regulatory components to EC may be beneficial to combat the vascular leakage seen in severe dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian M Carr
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sheila Cabezas-Falcon
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,TGR Biosciences, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joshua G Dubowsky
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jarrod Hulme-Jones
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David L Gordon
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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30
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Humanized Mice in Dengue Research: A Comparison with Other Mouse Models. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010039. [PMID: 31979145 PMCID: PMC7157640 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family and is an enveloped virion containing a positive sense single-stranded RNA genome. DENV causes dengue fever (DF) which is characterized by an undifferentiated syndrome accompanied by fever, fatigue, dizziness, muscle aches, and in severe cases, patients can deteriorate and develop life-threatening vascular leakage, bleeding, and multi-organ failure. DF is the most prevalent mosquito-borne disease affecting more than 390 million people per year with a mortality rate close to 1% in the general population but especially high among children. There is no specific treatment and there is only one licensed vaccine with restricted application. Clinical and experimental evidence advocate the role of the humoral and T-cell responses in protection against DF, as well as a role in the disease pathogenesis. A lot of pro-inflammatory factors induced during the infectious process are involved in increased severity in dengue disease. The advances in DF research have been hampered by the lack of an animal model that recreates all the characteristics of this disease. Experiments in nonhuman primates (NHP) had failed to reproduce all clinical signs of DF disease and during the past decade, humanized mouse models have demonstrated several benefits in the study of viral diseases affecting humans. In DENV studies, some of these models recapitulate specific signs of disease that are useful to test drugs or vaccine candidates. However, there is still a need for a more complete model mimicking the full spectrum of DENV. This review focuses on describing the advances in this area of research.
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Begum F, Das S, Mukherjee D, Mal S, Ray U. Insight into the Tropism of Dengue Virus in Humans. Viruses 2019; 11:v11121136. [PMID: 31835302 PMCID: PMC6950149 DOI: 10.3390/v11121136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In tropical and subtropical zones, arboviruses are among the major threats to human life, affecting a large number of populations with serious diseases. Worldwide, over three hundred million people are infected with dengue virus (DENV) every year as per the World Health Organization (WHO). DENV-mediated disease severity ranges from a mild fever to hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. Patients suffering from severe infection might experience multi-organ failure, cardiomyopathy and even encephalopathy, further complicating the disease pathogenesis. In life-threatening cases, DENV has been reported to affect almost all organs of the human body. In this review, we discuss the organ tropism of DENV in humans in depth as detected in various autopsy studies. Keeping in mind the fact that there is currently no DENV-specific antiviral, it is of utmost importance to achieve a vivid picture of the susceptible cells in humans which might help in designing antivirals against DENV, especially targeting those tissues in which infection might lead to life-threatening conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feroza Begum
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata700032, India; (F.B.); (S.D.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sandeepan Das
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata700032, India; (F.B.); (S.D.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Debica Mukherjee
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata700032, India; (F.B.); (S.D.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sweety Mal
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata700032, India; (F.B.); (S.D.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Upasana Ray
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata700032, India; (F.B.); (S.D.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-978-187-8333
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Mohd Abd Razak MR, Mohmad Misnan N, Md Jelas NH, Norahmad NA, Muhammad A, Ho TCD, Jusoh B, Sastu UR, Zainol M, Wasiman MI, Muhammad H, Thayan R, Syed Mohamed AF. The effect of freeze-dried Carica papaya leaf juice treatment on NS1 and viremia levels in dengue fever mice model. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:320. [PMID: 30518360 PMCID: PMC6282281 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2390-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Carica papaya leaf juice (CPLJ) was well known for its thrombocytosis activity in rodents and dengue patients. However, the effect of CPLJ treatment on other parameters that could contribute to dengue pathogenesis such as nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) production and viremia level have never been highlighted in any clinical and in vivo studies. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of freeze-dried CPLJ treatment on NS1 and viremia levels of dengue fever mouse model. Methods The dengue infection in mouse model was established by inoculation of non-mouse adapted New Guinea C strain dengue virus (DEN-2) in AG129 mice. The freeze-dried CPLJ compounds were identified by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Accurate Mass Spectrometry analysis. The infected AG129 mice were orally treated with 500 mg/kg/day and 1000 mg/kg/day of freeze-dried CPLJ, starting on day 1 post infection for 3 consecutive days. The blood samples were collected from submandibular vein for plasma NS1 assay and quantitation of viral RNA level by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Results The AG129 mice infected with dengue virus showed marked increase in the production of plasma NS1, which was detectable on day 1 post infection, peaked on day 3 post-infection and started to decline from day 5 post infection. The infection also caused splenomegaly. Twenty-four compounds were identified in the freeze-dried CPLJ. Oral treatment with 500 mg/kg/day and 1000 mg/kg/day of freeze-dried CPLJ did not affect the plasma NS1 and dengue viral RNA levels. However, the morbidity level of infected AG129 mice were slightly decreased when treated with freeze-dried CPLJ. Conclusion Oral treatment of 500 mg/kg/day and 1000 mg/kg/day of freeze-dried CPLJ at the onset of viremia did not affect the plasma NS1 and viral RNA levels in AG129 mice infected with non-mouse adapted New Guinea C strain dengue virus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2390-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Control of dengue virus in the midgut of Aedes aegypti by ectopic expression of the dsRNA-binding protein Loqs2. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:1385-1393. [PMID: 30374169 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an arbovirus transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes1. In the insect vector, the small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway is an important antiviral mechanism against DENV2-5. However, it remains unclear when and where the siRNA pathway acts during the virus cycle. Here, we show that the siRNA pathway fails to efficiently silence DENV in the midgut of Aedes aegypti although it is essential to restrict systemic replication. Accumulation of DENV-derived siRNAs in the midgut reveals that impaired silencing results from a defect downstream of small RNA biogenesis. Notably, silencing triggered by endogenous and exogenous dsRNAs remained effective in the midgut where known components of the siRNA pathway, including the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding proteins Loquacious and r2d2, had normal expression levels. We identified an Aedes-specific paralogue of loquacious and r2d2, hereafter named loqs2, which is not expressed in the midgut. Loqs2 interacts with Loquacious and r2d2 and is required to control systemic replication of DENV and also Zika virus. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Loqs2 in the midgut of transgenic mosquitoes is sufficient to restrict DENV replication and dissemination. Together, our data reveal a mechanism of tissue-specific regulation of the mosquito siRNA pathway controlled by Loqs2.
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Using a Virion Assembly-Defective Dengue Virus as a Vaccine Approach. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01002-18. [PMID: 30111567 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01002-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the most prevalent mosquito-transmitted viral pathogen in humans. The recently licensed dengue vaccine has major weaknesses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop improved dengue vaccines. Here, we report a virion assembly-defective DENV as a vaccine platform. DENV containing an amino acid deletion (K188) in nonstructural protein 2A (NS2A) is fully competent in viral RNA replication but is completely defective in virion assembly. When trans-complemented with wild-type NS2A protein, the virion assembly defect could be rescued, generating pseudoinfectious virus (PIVNS2A) that could initiate single-round infection. The trans-complementation efficiency could be significantly improved through selection for adaptive mutations, leading to high-yield PIVNS2A production, with titers of >107 infectious-focus units (IFU)/ml. Mice immunized with a single dose of PIVNS2A elicited strong T cell immune responses and neutralization antibodies and were protected from wild-type-virus challenge. Collectively, the results proved the concept of using assembly-defective virus as a vaccine approach. The study also solved the technical bottleneck in producing high yields of PIVNS2A vaccine. The technology could be applicable to vaccine development for other viral pathogens.IMPORTANCE Many flaviviruses are significant human pathogens that pose global threats to public health. Although licensed vaccines are available for yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, and dengue viruses, new approaches are needed to develop improved vaccines. Using dengue virus as a model, we developed a vaccine platform using a virion assembly-defective virus. We show that such an assembly-defective virus could be rescued to higher titers and infect cells for a single round. Mice immunized with the assembly-defective virus were protected from wild-type-virus infection. This vaccine approach could be applicable to other viral pathogens.
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Kuo YP, Tsai KN, Luo YC, Chung PJ, Su YW, Teng Y, Wu MS, Lin YF, Lai CY, Chuang TH, Dai SS, Tseng FC, Hsieh CH, Tsai DJ, Tsai WT, Chen CH, Yu GY. Establishment of a mouse model for the complete mosquito-mediated transmission cycle of Zika virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006417. [PMID: 29668683 PMCID: PMC5927462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes in the subgenus Stegomyia but can also be transmitted sexually and vertically in humans. STAT1 is an important downstream factor that mediates type I and II interferon signaling. In the current study, we showed that mice with STAT1 knockout (Stat1-/-) were highly susceptible to ZIKV infection. As low as 5 plaque-forming units of ZIKV could cause viremia and death in Stat1-/- mice. ZIKV replication was initially detected in the spleen but subsequently spread to the brain with concomitant reduction of the virus in the spleen in the infected mice. Furthermore, ZIKV could be transmitted from mosquitoes to Stat1-/- mice back to mosquitoes and then to naïve Stat1-/- mice. The 50% mosquito infectious dose of viremic Stat1-/- mouse blood was close to 810 focus-forming units (ffu)/ml. Our further studies indicated that the activation of macrophages and conventional dendritic cells were likely critical for the resolution of ZIKV infection. The newly developed mouse and mosquito transmission models for ZIKV infection will be useful for the evaluation of antiviral drugs targeting the virus, vector, and host. Zika virus (ZIKV) is transmitted mainly by mosquito bites and can also be transmitted between humans by sex or from pregnant women to their babies. ZIKV infection causes damage in many tissues including the brain in adults and newborns, making ZIKV infection an important health issue globally. To develop new tools for ZIKV research, we determined that a genetically modified mouse strain, Stat1-/-, was highly sensitive to ZIKV infection. We also demonstrated that ZIKV could be delivered to mice by mosquito bites and transmitted back to Stat1-/- mice. The newly developed mouse model will be useful for developing new strategies to treat ZIKV infection and for studying mechanisms to reduce mosquito-mediated transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Kuo
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Nan Tsai
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chiu Luo
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Chung
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Su
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yu Teng
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sian Wu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Lin
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yang Lai
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Syong Dai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Chen Tseng
- College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Hsieh
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - De-Jiun Tsai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Tsai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (GYY); (CHC)
| | - Guann-Yi Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (GYY); (CHC)
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Milligan GN, White M, Zavala D, Pyles RB, Sarathy VV, Barrett ADT, Bourne N. Spectrum of activity testing for therapeutics against all four dengue virus serotypes in AG129 mouse models: Proof-of-concept studies with the adenosine nucleoside inhibitor NITD-008. Antiviral Res 2018; 154:104-109. [PMID: 29665374 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease of global public health importance caused by four genetically and serologically related viruses (DENV-1 to DENV-4). Efforts to develop effective vaccines and therapeutics for dengue have been slowed by the paucity of preclinical models that mimic human disease. DENV-2 models in interferon receptor deficient AG129 mice were an important advance but only allowed testing against a single DENV serotype. We have developed complementary AG129 mouse models of severe disseminated dengue infection using strains of the other three DENV serotypes. Here we used the adenosine nucleoside inhibitor NITD-008 to show that these models provide the ability to perform comparative preclinical efficacy testing of candidate antivirals in vivo against the full-spectrum of DENV serotypes. Although NITD-008 was effective in modulating disease caused by all DENV serotypes, the variability in protection among DENV serotypes was greater than expected from differences in activity in in vitro testing studies emphasizing the need to undertake spectrum of activity testing to help in prioritization of candidate compounds for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg N Milligan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Mellodee White
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Diana Zavala
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Richard B Pyles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Vanessa V Sarathy
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alan D T Barrett
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Nigel Bourne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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Characterization of a murine model of non-lethal, symptomatic dengue virus infection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4900. [PMID: 29559699 PMCID: PMC5861036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22618-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The mosquito-borne disease dengue is caused by four serologically- and genetically-related viruses, termed DENV-1 to DENV-4. Historical setbacks due to lack of human-like mouse models of dengue were partially remedied with characterization of lethal DENV-2 infection in immunocompromised AG129 mice (deficient in IFN-α/β/γ receptors). Recently, our group established lethal AG129 mouse infection models of DENV-1, DENV-3, and DENV-4 using human isolates. Here we compare a non-lethal, disseminated model of DENV-3 infection using strain D83-144 to that of the lethal outcome following infection by strain C0360/94. Both strains belong to DENV-3 genotype II and differ by only 13 amino acids. Intraperitoneal inoculation of AG129 mice with strain D83-144 led to clinical signs of dengue infection, such as cytokine induction, thrombocytopenia, and systemic infection. However, C0360/94 infection led to features of severe human dengue, including coagulopathy and lethal outcome, whereas D83-144 infection does not. This study is the first to investigate a low passage, non-mouse lethal strain in AG129 mice and demonstrates that D83-144 infection induces milder features of human dengue than those induced by lethal C0360/94 infection. The results suggest that the AG129 mouse model has applications to investigate factors associated with mild or severe disease.
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Budigi Y, Ong EZ, Robinson LN, Ong LC, Rowley KJ, Winnett A, Tan HC, Hobbie S, Shriver Z, Babcock GJ, Alonso S, Ooi EE. Neutralization of antibody-enhanced dengue infection by VIS513, a pan serotype reactive monoclonal antibody targeting domain III of the dengue E protein. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006209. [PMID: 29425203 PMCID: PMC5823465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection imposes enormous health and economic burden worldwide with no approved treatment. Several small molecules, including lovastatin, celgosivir, balapiravir and chloroquine have been tested for potential anti-dengue activity in clinical trials; none of these have demonstrated a protective effect. Recently, based on identification and characterization of cross-serotype neutralizing antibodies, there is increasing attention on the potential for dengue immunotherapy. Here, we tested the ability of VIS513, an engineered cross-neutralizing humanized antibody targeting the DENV E protein domain III, to overcome antibody-enhanced infection and high but brief viremia, which are commonly encountered in dengue patients, in various in vitro and in vivo models. We observed that VIS513 efficiently neutralizes DENV at clinically relevant viral loads or in the presence of enhancing levels of DENV immune sera. Single therapeutic administration of VIS513 in mouse models of primary infection or lethal secondary antibody-enhanced infection, reduces DENV titers and protects from lethal infection. Finally, VIS513 administration does not readily lead to resistance, either in cell culture systems or in animal models of dengue infection. The findings suggest that rapid viral reduction during acute DENV infection with a monoclonal antibody is feasible.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/genetics
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Cell Line
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Cross Reactions/immunology
- Dengue/immunology
- Dengue Virus/genetics
- Dengue Virus/immunology
- Dengue Virus/pathogenicity
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epitopes
- Female
- Humans
- Immune Sera
- Immunotherapy
- In Vitro Techniques
- Mice
- Models, Structural
- Mutation
- Neutralization Tests
- Protein Conformation
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Serogroup
- THP-1 Cells
- Vero Cells
- Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Viral Plaque Assay
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadunanda Budigi
- Visterra Singapore International Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (YB); (EZO)
| | - Eugenia Z. Ong
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (YB); (EZO)
| | - Luke N. Robinson
- Visterra Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Li Ching Ong
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kirk J. Rowley
- Visterra Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Hwee Cheng Tan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sven Hobbie
- Visterra Singapore International Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zachary Shriver
- Visterra Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Sylvie Alonso
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Infectious Diseases Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Dengue Antiviral Development: A Continuing Journey. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1062:319-332. [PMID: 29845542 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-8727-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever is a leading cause of illness and mortality in the tropics and subtropics. There are no therapeutics currently available and a recently approved vaccine is not very efficacious demanding an urgent need to develop an effective antiviral. The path to successful dengue drug development depends on availability of relevant preclinical testing models and better understanding of dengue pathogenesis. In recent years, efforts to develop dengue therapeutics have focused on both repurposing approved drugs as well as discovery of new chemical entities that act via virus or host targeted mechanisms. Here, we discuss the various innovative approaches, their outcome, and the lessons gleaned from the development efforts.
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40
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Animal Models for Dengue and Zika Vaccine Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1062:215-239. [PMID: 29845536 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-8727-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current status of animal models in the study of dengue and Zika are covered in this review. Mouse models deficient in IFN signaling are used to overcome the natural resistance of mice to non-encephalitic flaviviruses. Conditional IFNAR mice and non-human primates (NHP) are useful immuno-competent models. Sterile immunity after dengue vaccination is not observed in NHPs. Placental and fetal development in NHPs is similar to humans, facilitating studies on infection-mediated fetal impairment.
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Lam JH, Chua YL, Lee PX, Martínez Gómez JM, Ooi EE, Alonso S. Dengue vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell immunity confers protection in the context of enhancing, interfering maternal antibodies. JCI Insight 2017; 2:94500. [PMID: 29263304 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Declining levels of maternal antibodies were shown to sensitize infants born to dengue-immune mothers to severe disease during primary infection, through the process of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection (ADE). With the recent approval for human use of Sanofi-Pasteur's chimeric dengue vaccine CYD-TDV and several vaccine candidates in clinical development, the scenario of infants born to vaccinated mothers has become a reality. This raises 2 questions: will declining levels of maternal vaccine-induced antibodies cause ADE; and, will maternal antibodies interfere with vaccination efficacy in the infant? To address these questions, the above scenario was modeled in mice. Type I IFN-deficient female mice were immunized with live attenuated DENV2 PDK53, the core component of the tetravalent DENVax candidate currently under clinical development. Pups born to PDK53-immunized dams acquired maternal antibodies that strongly neutralized parental strain 16681, but not the heterologous DENV2 strain D2Y98P-PP1, and instead caused ADE during primary infection with this strain. Furthermore, pups failed to seroconvert after PDK53 vaccination, owing to maternal antibody interference. However, a cross-protective multifunctional CD8+ T cell response did develop. Thus, our work advocates for the development of dengue vaccine candidates that induce protective CD8+ T cells despite the presence of enhancing, interfering maternal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hang Lam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen Leong Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and
| | - Pei Xuan Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Julia María Martínez Gómez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Emerging Infectious Disease Program, Duke-NUS, Singapore
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Matsumoto K, Yamaba R, Inoue K, Utsumi D, Tsukahara T, Amagase K, Tominaga M, Kato S. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 channel regulates vascular endothelial permeability during colonic inflammation in dextran sulphate sodium-induced murine colitis. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:84-99. [PMID: 29053877 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel is a non-selective cation channel involved in physical sensing in various tissue types. The present study aimed to elucidate the function and expression of TRPV4 channels in colonic vascular endothelial cells during dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The role of TRPV4 channels in the progression of colonic inflammation was examined in a murine DSS-induced colitis model using immunohistochemical analysis, Western blotting and Evans blue dye extrusion assay. KEY RESULTS DSS-induced colitis was significantly attenuated in TRPV4-deficient (TRPV4 KO) as compared to wild-type mice. Repeated intrarectal administration of GSK1016790A, a TRPV4 agonist, exacerbated the severity of DSS-induced colitis. Bone marrow transfer experiments demonstrated the important role of TRPV4 in non-haematopoietic cells for DSS-induced colitis. DSS treatment up-regulated TRPV4 expression in the vascular endothelia of colonic mucosa and submucosa. DSS treatment increased vascular permeability, which was abolished in TRPV4 KO mice. This DSS-induced increase in vascular permeability was further enhanced by i.v. administration of GSK1016790A, and this effect was abolished by the TRPV4 antagonist RN1734. TRPV4 was co-localized with vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, and VE-cadherin expression was decreased by repeated i.v. administration of GSK1016790A during colitis. Furthermore, GSK106790A decreased VE-cadherin expression in mouse aortic endothelial cells exposed to TNF-α. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These findings indicate that an up-regulation of TRPV4 channels in vascular endothelial cells contributes to the progression of colonic inflammation by increasing vascular permeability. Thus, TRPV4 is an attractive target for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Matsumoto
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Riho Yamaba
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Inoue
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daichi Utsumi
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Tsukahara
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kikuko Amagase
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kato
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
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43
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Milligan GN, Sarathy VV, White MM, Greenberg MB, Campbell GA, Pyles RB, Barrett ADT, Bourne N. A lethal model of disseminated dengue virus type 1 infection in AG129 mice. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2507-2519. [PMID: 28949904 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mosquito-borne disease dengue is caused by four serologically and genetically related flaviviruses termed DENV-1 to DENV-4. Dengue is a global public health concern, with both the geographical range and burden of disease increasing rapidly. Clinically, dengue ranges from a relatively mild self-limiting illness to a severe life-threatening and sometimes fatal disease. Infection with one DENV serotype produces life-long homotypic immunity, but incomplete and short-term heterotypic protection. The development of small-animal models that recapitulate the characteristics of the disseminated disease seen clinically has been difficult, slowing the development of vaccines and therapeutics. The AG129 mouse (deficient in interferon alpha/beta and gamma receptor signalling) has proven to be valuable for this purpose, with the development of models of disseminated DENV-2,-3 and -4 disease. Recently, a DENV-1 AG129 model was described, but it requires antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) to produce lethality. Here we describe a new AG129 model utilizing a non-mouse-adapted DENV-1 strain, West Pacific 74, that does not require ADE to induce lethal disease. Following high-titre intraperitoneal challenge, animals experience a virus infection with dissemination to multiple visceral tissues, including the liver, spleen and intestine. The animals also become thrombocytopenic, but vascular leakage is less prominent than in AG129 models with other DENV serotypes. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that this model is an important addition to dengue research, particularly for understanding the pathological basis of the disease between DENV serotypes and allowing the full spectrum of activity to test comparisons for putative vaccines and antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg N Milligan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Vanessa V Sarathy
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Mellodee M White
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - M Banks Greenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Gerald A Campbell
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Richard B Pyles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alan D T Barrett
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Nigel Bourne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Zika Virus Persistently Infects and Is Basolaterally Released from Primary Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. mBio 2017; 8:mBio.00952-17. [PMID: 28698279 PMCID: PMC5513708 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00952-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne Flavivirus that has emerged as the cause of encephalitis and fetal microencephaly in the Americas. ZIKV uniquely persists in human bodily fluids for up to 6 months, is sexually transmitted, and traverses the placenta and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to damage neurons. Cells that support persistent ZIKV replication and mechanisms by which ZIKV establishes persistence remain enigmatic but central to ZIKV entry into protected neuronal compartments. The endothelial cell (EC) lining of capillaries normally constrains transplacental transmission and forms the BBB, which selectively restricts access of blood constituents to neurons. We found that ZIKV (strain PRVABC59) persistently infects and continuously replicates in primary human brain microvascular ECs (hBMECs), without cytopathology, for >9 days and following hBMEC passage. ZIKV did not permeabilize hBMECs but was released basolaterally from polarized hBMECs, suggesting a direct mechanism for ZIKV to cross the BBB. ZIKV-infected hBMECs were rapidly resistant to alpha interferon (IFN-α) and transiently induced, but failed to secrete, IFN-β and IFN-λ. Global transcriptome analysis determined that ZIKV constitutively induced IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), IRF9, and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) 1 to 9 days postinfection, despite persistently replicating in hBMECs. ZIKV constitutively induced ISG15, HERC5, and USP18, which are linked to hepatitis C virus (HCV) persistence and IFN regulation, chemokine CCL5, which is associated with immunopathogenesis, as well as cell survival factors. Our results reveal that hBMECs act as a reservoir of persistent ZIKV replication, suggest routes for ZIKV to cross hBMECs into neuronal compartments, and define novel mechanisms of ZIKV persistence that can be targeted to restrict ZIKV spread.IMPORTANCE ZIKV persists in patients, crossing placental and neuronal barriers, damaging neurons, and causing fetal microencephaly. We found that ZIKV persistently infects brain endothelial cells that normally protect neurons from viral exposure. hBMECs are not damaged by ZIKV infection and, analogous to persistent HCV infection, ZIKV constitutively induces and evades antiviral ISG and IFN responses to continuously replicate in hBMECs. As a result, hBMECs provide a protective niche for systemic ZIKV spread and a viral reservoir localized in the normally protective blood-brain barrier. Consistent with the spread of ZIKV into neuronal compartments, ZIKV was released basolaterally from hBMECs. Our findings define hBMEC responses that contribute to persistent ZIKV infection and potential targets for clearing ZIKV infections from hBMECs. These results further suggest roles for additional ZIKV-infected ECs to facilitate viral spread and persistence in the protected placental, retinal, and testicular compartments.
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45
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Chacko AM, Watanabe S, Herr KJ, Kalimuddin S, Tham JY, Ong J, Reolo M, Serrano RM, Cheung YB, Low JG, Vasudevan SG. 18F-FDG as an inflammation biomarker for imaging dengue virus infection and treatment response. JCI Insight 2017; 2:93474. [PMID: 28469088 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of antiviral therapy against acute viral diseases, such as dengue virus (DENV), suffers from the narrow window of viral load detection in serum during onset and clearance of infection and fever. We explored a biomarker approach using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET in established mouse models for primary and antibody-dependent enhancement infection with DENV. 18F-FDG uptake was most prominent in the intestines and correlated with increased virus load and proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, a significant temporal trend in 18F-FDG uptake was seen in intestines and selected tissues over the time course of infection. Notably, 18F-FDG uptake and visualization by PET robustly differentiated treatment-naive groups from drug-treated groups as well as nonlethal from lethal infections with a clinical strain of DENV2. Thus, 18F-FDG may serve as a novel DENV infection-associated inflammation biomarker for assessing treatment response during therapeutic intervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Marie Chacko
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, and
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Keira J Herr
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, and
| | - Shirin Kalimuddin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jing Yang Tham
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, and
| | - Joanne Ong
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, and
| | - Marie Reolo
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, and
| | - Raymond Mf Serrano
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, and
| | - Yin Bun Cheung
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jenny Gh Low
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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46
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Immune-mediated cytokine storm and its role in severe dengue. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39:563-574. [PMID: 28401256 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Dengue remains one of the most important mosquito-borne diseases worldwide. Infection with one of the serologically related dengue viruses (DENVs) can lead to a wide range of clinical manifestations and severity. Severe dengue is characterized by plasma leakage and abnormal bleeding that can lead to shock and death. There is currently no specific treatment for severe dengue due to gaps in understanding of the underlying mechanisms. The transient period of vascular leakage is usually followed by a rapid recovery and is suggestive of the effects of short-lived biological mediators. Both the innate and the adaptive immune systems are activated in severe dengue and contribute to the cytokine production. We discuss the immunological events elicited during a DENV infection and identify candidate cytokines that may play a key role in the severe manifestations of dengue and possible interventions.
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47
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Sreekanth GP, Chuncharunee A, Cheunsuchon B, Noisakran S, Yenchitsomanus PT, Limjindaporn T. JNK1/2 inhibitor reduces dengue virus-induced liver injury. Antiviral Res 2017; 141:7-18. [PMID: 28188818 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
High viral load with liver injury is exhibited in severe dengue virus (DENV) infection. Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK were previously found to be involved in the animal models of DENV-induced liver injury. However, the role of JNK1/2 signaling in DENV-induced liver injury has never been investigated. JNK1/2 inhibitor, SP600125, was used to investigate the role of JNK1/2 signaling in the BALB/c mouse model of DENV-induced liver injury. SP600125-treated DENV-infected mice ameliorated leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, hemoconcentration, liver transaminases and liver histopathology. DENV-induced liver injury exhibited induced phosphorylation of JNK1/2, whereas SP600125 reduced this phosphorylation. An apoptotic real-time PCR array profiler was used to screen how SP600125 affects the expression of 84 cell death-associated genes to minimize DENV-induced liver injury. Modulation of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 expressions by SP600125 in DENV-infected mice suggests its efficiency in restricting apoptosis via both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Reduced expressions of TNF-α and TRAIL are suggestive to modulate the extrinsic apoptotic signals, where reduced p53 phosphorylation and induced anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression indicate the involvement of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. This study thus demonstrates the pivotal role of JNK1/2 signaling in DENV-induced liver injury and how SP600125 modulates this pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinathan Pillai Sreekanth
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aporn Chuncharunee
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Boonyarit Cheunsuchon
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sansanee Noisakran
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thawornchai Limjindaporn
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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48
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Protective Capacity of the Human Anamnestic Antibody Response during Acute Dengue Virus Infection. J Virol 2016; 90:11122-11131. [PMID: 27707930 PMCID: PMC5126370 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01096-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Half of the world's population is exposed to the risk of dengue virus infection. Although a vaccine for dengue virus is now available in a few countries, its reported overall efficacy of about 60% is not ideal. Protective immune correlates following natural dengue virus infection remain undefined, which makes it difficult to predict the efficacy of new vaccines. In this study, we address the protective capacity of dengue virus-specific antibodies that are produced by plasmablasts a few days after natural secondary infection. Among a panel of 18 dengue virus-reactive human monoclonal antibodies, four groups of antibodies were identified based on their binding properties. While antibodies targeting the fusion loop of the glycoprotein of dengue virus dominated the antibody response, two smaller groups of antibodies bound to previously undescribed epitopes in domain II of the E protein. The latter, largely serotype-cross-reactive antibodies, demonstrated increased stability of binding at pH 5. These antibodies possessed weak to moderate neutralization capacity in vitro but were the most efficacious in promoting the survival of infected mice. Our data suggest that the cross-reactive anamnestic antibody response has a protective capacity despite moderate neutralization in vitro and a moderate decrease of viremia in vivo. IMPORTANCE Antibodies can protect from symptomatic dengue virus infection. However, it is not easy to assess which classes of antibodies provide protection because in vitro assays are not always predictive of in vivo protection. During a repeat infection, dengue virus-specific immune memory cells are reactivated and large amounts of antibodies are produced. By studying antibodies cloned from patients with heterologous secondary infection, we tested the protective value of the serotype-cross-reactive “recall” or “anamnestic” response. We found that results from in vitro neutralization assays did not always correlate with the ability of the antibodies to reduce viremia in a mouse model. In addition, a decrease of viremia in mice did not necessarily improve survival. The most protective antibodies were stable at pH 5, suggesting that antibody binding in the endosomes, after the antibody-virus complex is internalized, might be important to block virus spread in the organism.
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49
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Liu J, Liu Y, Nie K, Du S, Qiu J, Pang X, Wang P, Cheng G. Flavivirus NS1 protein in infected host sera enhances viral acquisition by mosquitoes. Nat Microbiol 2016; 1:16087. [PMID: 27562253 PMCID: PMC5003325 DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The arbovirus life cycle involves viral transfer between a vertebrate host and an arthropod vector, and acquisition of virus from an infected mammalian host by a vector is an essential step in this process. Here, we report that flavivirus nonstructural protein-1 (NS1), which is abundantly secreted into the serum of an infected host, plays a critical role in flavivirus acquisition by mosquitoes. The presence of dengue virus (DENV) and Japanese encephalitis virus NS1s in the blood of infected interferon-α and γ receptor-deficient mice (AG6) facilitated virus acquisition by their native mosquito vectors because the protein enabled the virus to overcome the immune barrier of the mosquito midgut. Active immunization of AG6 mice with a modified DENV NS1 reduced DENV acquisition by mosquitoes and protected mice against a lethal DENV challenge, suggesting that immunization with NS1 could reduce the number of virus-carrying mosquitoes as well as the incidence of flaviviral diseases. Our study demonstrates that flaviviruses utilize NS1 proteins produced during their vertebrate phases to enhance their acquisition by vectors, which might be a result of flavivirus evolution to adapt to multiple host environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China, 100084
| | - Kaixiao Nie
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Senyan Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingjun Qiu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, P.R. China, 710032
| | - Xiaojing Pang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, the United States, 10595
| | - Gong Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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50
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Martínez Gómez JM, Ong LC, Lam JH, Binte Aman SA, Libau EA, Lee PX, St. John AL, Alonso S. Maternal Antibody-Mediated Disease Enhancement in Type I Interferon-Deficient Mice Leads to Lethal Disease Associated with Liver Damage. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004536. [PMID: 27007501 PMCID: PMC4805191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported that most of the severe dengue cases occur upon a secondary heterologous infection. Furthermore, babies born to dengue immune mothers are at greater risk of developing severe disease upon primary infection with a heterologous or homologous dengue virus (DENV) serotype when maternal antibodies reach sub-neutralizing concentrations. These observations have been explained by the antibody mediated disease enhancement (ADE) phenomenon whereby heterologous antibodies or sub-neutralizing homologous antibodies bind to but fail to neutralize DENV particles, allowing Fc-receptor mediated entry of the virus-antibody complexes into host cells. This eventually results in enhanced viral replication and heightened inflammatory responses. In an attempt to replicate this ADE phenomenon in a mouse model, we previously reported that upon DENV2 infection 5-week old type I and II interferon (IFN) receptors-deficient mice (AG129) born to DENV1-immune mothers displayed enhancement of disease severity characterized by increased virus titers and extensive vascular leakage which eventually led to the animals' death. However, as dengue occurs in immune competent individuals, we sought to reproduce this mouse model in a less immunocompromised background. Here, we report an ADE model that is mediated by maternal antibodies in type I IFN receptor-deficient A129 mice. We show that 5-week old A129 mice born to DENV1-immune mothers succumbed to a DENV2 infection within 4 days that was sub-lethal in mice born to naïve mothers. Clinical manifestations included extensive hepatocyte vacuolation, moderate vascular leakage, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Anti-TNFα therapy totally protected the mice and correlated with healthy hepatocytes. In contrast, blocking IL-6 did not impact the virus titers or disease outcome. This A129 mouse model of ADE may help dissecting the mechanisms involved in dengue pathogenesis and evaluate the efficacy of vaccine and therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia María Martínez Gómez
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Ching Ong
- Infectious Disease programme, Singapore-MIT alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian Hang Lam
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Eshele Anak Libau
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Xuan Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Sylvie Alonso
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Disease programme, Singapore-MIT alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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