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Bin Y, Huang Z, Cao H, Ye W, Lian J. Seed rain composition responds to climate change in a subtropical forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166772. [PMID: 37666333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent climate change has been shown to alter aspects of forest plant demography, such as growth and mortality, but less attention has been focused on how climate change alters the reproduction of plant populations through time. We hypothesized that the plant seed production would respond to climate change, and that the response would differ according to plant life form and functional traits. We tested this hypothesis by examining climate change from 2005 to 2020 and by determining the temporal trends of seed rain and seed production from plants with different life forms (e.g., herbs, vines, trees, palms) and of tree species with different statures as well as leaf, seed and wood traits during 2014-2020. We also tested the correlation between meteorological variables and time series of seed rain using cross correlation analysis. We found increasing wetness (lower vapor pressure deficit) through time but with decreasing minimum relative humidity, which is a pattern consistent with trends seen in many other parts of the world. During the study period, seed production of shrubs and relative contribution of woody vines to total seed rain decreased, while relative contribution of palms to total seed rain and tree species with more conservative leaf traits increased their contribution to total seed rain. Overall, these trends were well explained by the trends of meteorological variables and the responses of these life forms to climate change in previous studies. Additionally, the increasingly conservative leaf traits were also consistent with shifts in traits following recovery from disturbance. Our results suggest that a trait-based approach may help to unveil trends that are not readily apparent by examining seed counts alone. The compositional change found in the seed rain may indicate future shifts in forest species composition and should be incorporated into future studies of forest modelling and projections under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Bin
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 8 Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China
| | - Zhongliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 8 Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China
| | - Honglin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 8 Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China
| | - Wanhui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 8 Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China
| | - Juyu Lian
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 8 Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China.
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Tsujii Y, Sakai S, Ushio M, Aiba S, Kitayama K. Variations in the reproductive cycle of Bornean montane tree species along elevational gradients on ultrabasic and non‐ultrabasic soils. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tsujii
- Center for Ecological Research Kyoto University Otsu Japan
- Faculty of Science Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
- School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia
| | - Shoko Sakai
- Center for Ecological Research Kyoto University Otsu Japan
| | - Masayuki Ushio
- Center for Ecological Research Kyoto University Otsu Japan
- Hakubi Center Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Department of Ocean Science The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Kowloon Hong Kong SAR
| | - Shin‐ichiro Aiba
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
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Coutant O, Boissier O, Ducrettet M, Albert-Daviaud A, Bouiges A, Dracxler CM, Feer F, Mendoza I, Guilbert E, Forget PM. Roads Disrupt Frugivory and Seed Removal in Tropical Animal-Dispersed Plants in French Guiana. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.805376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological interactions are being affected at unprecedented rates by human activities in tropical forests. Yet, the continuity of ecological functions provided by animals, such as seed dispersal, is crucial for forest regeneration and species resilience to anthropogenic pressures. The construction of new roads in tropical forests is one of the main boosters of habitat destruction as it facilitates human access to previously isolated areas and increases defaunation and loss of ecological functions. It, therefore, becomes increasingly urgent to rapidly assess how recently opened roads and associated anthropogenic activities affect ecological processes in natural habitats, so that appropriate management measures to conserve diversity can be taken. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of anthropogenic pressures on the health status of a mature rainforest crossed by a newly opened road in French Guiana. For this, we combined different methods to conduct a rapid assessment of the forest’s health status. Firstly, we evaluated the activity of frugivores using camera traps deployed in four forest patches located near (<1 km) ecological corridors preserved as canopy bridges over the road during the fruiting periods of four animal-dispersed tree species. Secondly, we analyzed the fate of seeds enclosed in animal-dispersed tropical fruits by calculating the proportions of fruits consumed and seeds removed (either dispersed or predated) by frugivores. Results show that the proportion of fruits opened and consumed was lower in the forest areas located near the road than in the control forest, and this difference was more significant for plant species strictly dependent on large-bodied primates for seed dispersal than for species relying on both primates and birds. Camera traps showed the presence of small primates and kinkajous feeding on Virola fruits in the forest impacted by the road, where large primates were absent. It is thus likely that smaller frugivores exert a compensatory effect that maintains ecological functions near the road. Despite efforts made to preserve forest continuity through ecological corridors, anthropogenic pressures associated with road proximity are affecting wildlife and disrupting associated ecological functions crucial for plant regeneration, contributing to further forest degradation.
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Pesendorfer MB, Ascoli D, Bogdziewicz M, Hacket-Pain A, Pearse IS, Vacchiano G. The ecology and evolution of synchronized reproduction in long-lived plants. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200369. [PMID: 34657462 PMCID: PMC8520778 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations of many long-lived plants exhibit spatially synchronized seed production that varies extensively over time, so that seed production in some years is much higher than on average, while in others, it is much lower or absent. This phenomenon termed masting or mast seeding has important consequences for plant reproductive success, ecosystem dynamics and plant-human interactions. Inspired by recent advances in the field, this special issue presents a series of articles that advance the current understanding of the ecology and evolution of masting. To provide a broad overview, we reflect on the state-of-the-art of masting research in terms of underlying proximate mechanisms, ontogeny, adaptations, phylogeny and applications to conservation. While the mechanistic drivers and fitness consequences of masting have received most attention, the evolutionary history, ontogenetic trajectory and applications to plant-human interactions are poorly understood. With increased availability of long-term datasets across broader geographical and taxonomic scales, as well as advances in molecular approaches, we expect that many mysteries of masting will be solved soon. The increased understanding of this global phenomenon will provide the foundation for predictive modelling of seed crops, which will improve our ability to manage forests and agricultural fruit and nut crops in the Anthropocene. This article is part of the theme issue 'The ecology and evolution of synchronized seed production in plants'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario B. Pesendorfer
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Davide Ascoli
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Michał Bogdziewicz
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznań, Poland
- INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - Andrew Hacket-Pain
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Ian S. Pearse
- Fort Collins Science Center, US Geological Survey, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Giorgio Vacchiano
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Zwolak R, Clement D, Sih A, Schreiber SJ. Mast seeding promotes evolution of scatter-hoarding. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200375. [PMID: 34657470 PMCID: PMC8520775 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plant species worldwide are dispersed by scatter-hoarding granivores: animals that hide seeds in numerous, small caches for future consumption. Yet, the evolution of scatter-hoarding is difficult to explain because undefended caches are at high risk of pilferage. Previous models have attempted to solve this problem by giving cache owners large advantages in cache recovery, by kin selection, or by introducing reciprocal pilferage of 'shared' seed resources. However, the role of environmental variability has been so far overlooked in this context. One important form of such variability is masting, which is displayed by many plant species dispersed by scatterhoarders. We use a mathematical model to investigate the influence of masting on the evolution of scatter-hoarding. The model accounts for periodically varying annual seed fall, caching and pilfering behaviour, and the demography of scatterhoarders. The parameter values are based mostly on research on European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and yellow-necked mice (Apodemus flavicollis). Starvation of scatterhoarders between mast years decreases the population density that enters masting events, which leads to reduced seed pilferage. Satiation of scatterhoarders during mast events lowers the reproductive cost of caching (i.e. the cost of caching for the future rather than using seeds for current reproduction). These reductions promote the evolution of scatter-hoarding behaviour especially when interannual variation in seed fall and the period between masting events are large. This article is part of the theme issue 'The ecology and evolution of synchronized seed production in plants'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Zwolak
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dale Clement
- Department of Evolution and Ecology and Center of Population Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Andrew Sih
- Department of Evolution and Ecology and Center of Population Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sebastian J. Schreiber
- Department of Evolution and Ecology and Center of Population Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Bogdziewicz M, Hacket-Pain A, Ascoli D, Szymkowiak J. Environmental variation drives continental-scale synchrony of European beech reproduction. Ecology 2021; 102:e03384. [PMID: 33950521 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Spatial synchrony is the tendency of spatially separated populations to display similar temporal fluctuations. Synchrony affects regional ecosystem functioning, but it remains difficult to disentangle its underlying mechanisms. We leveraged regression on distance matrices and geography of synchrony to understand the processes driving synchrony of European beech masting over the European continent. Masting in beech shows distance-decay, but significant synchrony is maintained at spatial scales of up to 1,500 km. The spatial synchrony of the weather cues that drive interannual variation in reproduction also explains the regional spatial synchrony of masting. Proximity played no apparent role in influencing beech masting synchrony after controlling for synchrony in environmental variation. Synchrony of beech reproduction shows a clear biogeographical pattern, decreasing from the northwest to southeast Europe. Synchrony networks for weather cues resemble networks for beech masting, indicating that the geographical structure of weather synchrony underlies the biogeography of masting synchrony. Our results support the hypothesis that environmental factors, the Moran effect, are key drivers of spatial synchrony in beech seed production at regional scales. The geographical patterns of regional synchronization of masting have implications for regional forest production, gene flow, carbon cycling, disease dynamics, biodiversity, and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bogdziewicz
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrew Hacket-Pain
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Ascoli
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Jakub Szymkowiak
- Population Ecology Research Unit, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Valenzuela N. Podocnemis expansa Turtles Hint to a Unifying Explanation for the Evolution of Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination in Long-Lived and Short-Lived Vertebrates. Sex Dev 2021; 15:23-37. [PMID: 34004596 DOI: 10.1159/000515208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive significance of temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) remains elusive for many long-lived reptiles. Various hypotheses proposed potential ecological drivers of TSD. The Charnov-Bull'77 model remains the most robust and explains the maintenance of TSD in short-lived vertebrates, where sex ratios correlate with seasonal temperatures within years that confer sex-specific fitness (colder springs produce females who grow larger and gain in fecundity, whereas warmer summers produce males who mature at smaller size). Yet, evidence of fitness differentials correlated with incubation temperature is scarce for long-lived taxa. Here, it is proposed that the Charnov-Bull'77 model applies similarly to long-lived taxa, but at a longer temporal scale, by revisiting ecological and genetic data from the long-lived turtle Podocnemis expansa. After ruling out multiple alternatives, it is hypothesized that warmer-drier years overproduce females and correlate with optimal resource availability in the flood plains, benefitting daughters more than sons, whereas resources are scarcer (due to reduced flowering/fruiting) during colder-rainier years that overproduce males, whose fitness is less impacted by slower growth rates. New technical advances and collaborative interdisciplinary efforts are delineated that should facilitate testing this hypothesis directly, illuminating the understanding of TSD evolution in P. expansa and other long-lived TSD reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Valenzuela
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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8
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Bogdziewicz M, Hacket-Pain A, Kelly D, Thomas PA, Lageard J, Tanentzap AJ. Climate warming causes mast seeding to break down by reducing sensitivity to weather cues. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1952-1961. [PMID: 33604979 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is altering patterns of seed production worldwide with consequences for population recruitment and migration potential. For the many species that regenerate through synchronized, quasiperiodic reproductive events termed masting, these changes include decreases in the synchrony and interannual variation in seed production. This breakdown in the occurrence of masting features harms reproduction by decreasing the efficiency of pollination and increasing seed predation. Changes in masting are often paralleled by warming temperatures, but the underlying proximate mechanisms are unknown. We used a unique 39-year study of 139 European beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees that experienced masting breakdown to track the seed developmental cycle and pinpoint phases where weather effects on seed production have changed over time. A cold followed by warm summer led to large coordinated flowering efforts among plants. However, trees failed to respond to the weather signal as summers warmed and the frequency of reproductive cues changed fivefold. Less synchronous flowering resulted in less efficient pollination that further decreased the synchrony of seed maturation. As global temperatures are expected to increase this century, perennial plants that fine-tune their reproductive schedules based on temperature cues may suffer regeneration failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bogdziewicz
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrew Hacket-Pain
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dave Kelly
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Peter A Thomas
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Jonathan Lageard
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew J Tanentzap
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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9
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Araujo JM, Correa SB, Anderson J, Penha J. Fruit preferences by fishes in a Neotropical floodplain. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joisiane Mendes Araujo
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Cuiabá Brazil
| | - Sandra Bibiana Correa
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA
| | - Jill Anderson
- Department of Genetics, and Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens GA USA
| | - Jerry Penha
- Centro de Biodiversidade Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Cuiabá Brazil
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10
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Latitudinal shift in the timing of flowering of tree species across tropical Africa: insights from field observations and herbarium collections. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467420000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTemporal and spatial patterns in flowering phenology were assessed for eight tropical African tree species. Specifically, the frequency and seasonality of flowering at seven sites in central Africa were determined using field data, graphical analysis and circular statistics. Additionally, spatial variation in the timing of flowering across species range was investigated using herbarium data, analysing the relative influence of latitude, longitude and timing of the dry season with a Bayesian circular generalized linear model. Annual flowering was found for 20 out of the 25 populations studied. For 21 populations located at the north of the climatic hinge flowering was occurring during the dry season. The analysis of herbarium collections revealed a significant shift in the timing of flowering with latitude for E. suaveolens, and with the timing of the dry season for M. excelsa (and to a lesser extent L. alata), with the coexistence of two flowering peaks near the equator where the distribution of monthly rainfall is bimodal. For the other species, none of latitude, longitude or timing of the dry season had an effect on the timing of flowering. Our study highlights the need to identify the drivers of the flowering phenology of economically important African tree species.
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11
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Boissier O, Feer F, Henry PY, Forget PM. Modifications of the rain forest frugivore community are associated with reduced seed removal at the community level. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02086. [PMID: 32011762 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tropical rain forests worldwide are under increasing pressure from human activities, which are altering key ecosystem processes such as plant-animal interactions. However, while the direct impact of anthropogenic disturbance on animal communities has been well studied, the consequences of such defaunation for mutualistic interactions such as seed dispersal remains chiefly understood at the plant species level. We asked whether communities of endozoochorous tree species had altered seed removal in forests affected by hunting and logging and if this could be related to modifications of the frugivore community. At two contrasting forest sites in French Guiana, Nouragues (protected) and Montagne de Kaw (hunted and partly logged), we focused on four families of animal-dispersed trees (Sapotaceae, Myristicaceae, Burseraceae, and Fabaceae), which represent 88% of all endozoochorous trees that were fruiting at the time and location of the study. We assessed the abundance of the seed dispersers and predators of these four focal families by conducting diurnal distance sampling along line transects. Densities of several key seed dispersers such as large-bodied primates were greatly reduced at Montagne de Kaw, where the specialist frugivore Ateles paniscus is probably extinct. In parallel, we estimated seed removal rates from fruit and seed counts conducted in 1-m2 quadrats placed on the ground beneath fruiting trees. Seed removal rates dropped from 77% at Nouragues to 47 % at Montagne de Kaw, confirming that the loss of frugivores associated with human disturbance impacts seed removal at the community level. In contrast to Sapotaceae, whose seeds are dispersed by mammals only, weaker declines in seed removal for Burseraceae and Myristicaceae suggest that some compensation may occur for these bird- and mammal-dispersed families, possibly because of the high abundance of Toucans at the disturbed site. The defaunation process currently occurring across many tropical forests could dramatically reduce the diversity of entire communities of animal-dispersed trees through seed removal limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Boissier
- UMR 7179 MNHN - CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 1, avenue du Petit Château, 91800, Brunoy, France
| | - François Feer
- UMR 7179 MNHN - CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 1, avenue du Petit Château, 91800, Brunoy, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Henry
- UMR 7179 MNHN - CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 1, avenue du Petit Château, 91800, Brunoy, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Forget
- UMR 7179 MNHN - CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 1, avenue du Petit Château, 91800, Brunoy, France
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12
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Downey H, Lewis OT, Bonsall MB, Ward A, Gripenberg S. Assessing the potential for indirect interactions between tropical tree species via shared insect seed predators. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Downey
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Owen T. Lewis
- Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | | | - Alan Ward
- Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Sofia Gripenberg
- Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
- School of Biological Sciences University of Reading Reading UK
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13
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Henkel TW, Mayor JR. Implications of a long‐term mast seeding cycle for climatic entrainment, seedling establishment and persistent monodominance in a Neotropical, ectomycorrhizal canopy tree. Ecol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terry W. Henkel
- Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State University Arcata California
| | - Jordan R. Mayor
- Environment and Planning Division, ICF San Francisco California
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14
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Naoe S, Masaki T, Sakai S. Effects of temporal variation in community-level fruit abundance on seed dispersal by birds across woody species. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:1792-1801. [PMID: 30303524 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY In animal-dispersed plants, seed dispersal patterns of the same species in the same habitat can greatly differ among individuals and temporally. Many studies have revealed the pervasive effects of spatial variation in fruit abundance on seed dispersal of individual plants. By contrast, very few studies have investigated the temporal variation in seed dispersal. METHODS We investigated the effects of conspecific and community-level fruit abundance on fruit removal rate and seed dispersal distance of six bird-dispersed woody species in a Japanese temperate forest for 3 yr. The six species share similar fruit characteristics but have different fruiting seasons. In addition, we also considered the effects of bird seasonality in diet and species composition on seed dispersal. KEY RESULTS Inter-annual and inter-seasonal variation in community-level fruit abundance determined both fruit removal and the seed dispersal distance across species, but the effect differed with seasonal changes in bird behavior. Abundant fruit satiated fruit removal by birds only during fruit-feeding periods, not during insect-feeding periods. A scarcity of fruit increased the dispersal distance, but only during the migratory period. This difference was probably due to the different foraging behaviors of passing migrants and territorial birds. CONCLUSIONS Our results illustrated that temporal variation in community-level fruit abundance could be a determining factor for seed dispersal in temperate forests. The effects of temporal variations in fruit abundance on seed dispersal patterns should be investigated in other ecosystems in order to understand their importance and associations with frugivore phenology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Naoe
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Takashi Masaki
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Shoko Sakai
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
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15
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Mendoza I, Condit RS, Wright SJ, Caubère A, Châtelet P, Hardy I, Forget PM. Inter-annual variability of fruit timing and quantity at Nouragues (French Guiana): insights from hierarchical Bayesian analyses. Biotropica 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Mendoza
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Département Adaptations du Vivant; UMR MECADEV 7179 CNRS-MNHN; 1 Av. du Petit Château 91800 Brunoy France
- Department of Botany; Institute of Biosciences; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Campus of Rio Claro Phenology Lab. Avenida 24-A n° 1515 CEP 13506-900 Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
| | - Richard S. Condit
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Apartado 0843-03092 Balboa Ancon Panama
| | - S. Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Apartado 0843-03092 Balboa Ancon Panama
| | - Adeline Caubère
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Département Adaptations du Vivant; UMR MECADEV 7179 CNRS-MNHN; 1 Av. du Petit Château 91800 Brunoy France
| | - Patrick Châtelet
- CNRS; USR3456; Laboratoire écologie; évolution; interactions des systèmes amazoniens (LEEISA); 275 Route de Montabo 97300 Cayenne France
| | - Isabelle Hardy
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Département Adaptations du Vivant; UMR MECADEV 7179 CNRS-MNHN; 1 Av. du Petit Château 91800 Brunoy France
| | - Pierre-Michel Forget
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Département Adaptations du Vivant; UMR MECADEV 7179 CNRS-MNHN; 1 Av. du Petit Château 91800 Brunoy France
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16
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Adamescu GS, Plumptre AJ, Abernethy KA, Polansky L, Bush ER, Chapman CA, Shoo LP, Fayolle A, Janmaat KRL, Robbins MM, Ndangalasi HJ, Cordeiro NJ, Gilby IC, Wittig RM, Breuer T, Hockemba MB, Sanz CM, Morgan DB, Pusey AE, Mugerwa B, Gilagiza B, Tutin C, Ewango CEN, Sheil D, Dimoto E, Baya F, Bujo F, Ssali F, Dikangadissi J, Jeffery K, Valenta K, White L, Masozera M, Wilson ML, Bitariho R, Ndolo Ebika ST, Gourlet‐Fleury S, Mulindahabi F, Beale CM. Annual cycles are the most common reproductive strategy in African tropical tree communities. Biotropica 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J. Plumptre
- Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA
- Conservation Science Group Department of Zoology Cambridge University Pembroke Rd Cambridge UK
| | - Katharine A. Abernethy
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA UK
- Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale CENAREST BP 842 Libreville Gabon
| | - Leo Polansky
- Department of Primatology Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig Deutscher Platz 6 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Emma R. Bush
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA UK
| | - Colin A. Chapman
- Department of Anthropology and McGill School of Environment McGill University Montreal QC H3A 2A7 Canada
- Wildlife Conservation Society Bronx NY 10460 USA
| | - Luke P. Shoo
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Adeline Fayolle
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center Gembloux Agro‐Bio Tech Liège University Passage des Déportés 2 5030 Gembloux Belgium
| | - Karline R. L. Janmaat
- Department of Primatology Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig Deutscher Platz 6 04103 Leipzig Germany
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam Amsterdam 1012 WX the Netharlands
| | - Martha M. Robbins
- Department of Primatology Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig Deutscher Platz 6 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Henry J. Ndangalasi
- Department of Botany University of Dar es Salaam PO Box 35060 Dar es Salaam Tanzania
| | - Norbert J. Cordeiro
- Department of Biology Roosevelt University 430 Michigan Ave Chicago IL 60605 USA
- Science and Education, The Field Museum 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr Chicago IL 60605 USA
| | - Ian C. Gilby
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85281 USA
| | - Roman M. Wittig
- Department of Primatology Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig Deutscher Platz 6 04103 Leipzig Germany
- Taï Chimpanzee Project Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques BP 1303, Abidjan 01 Ivory Coast West Africa
| | - Thomas Breuer
- Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA
- Mbeli Bai Study, Wildlife Conservation Society – Congo Program 151 Avenue Charles de Gaulle 14537 Brazzaville Republic of Congo
| | | | - Crickette M. Sanz
- Department of Anthropology Washington University in St. Louis 1 Brookings Drive Saint Louis MO 63130 USA
- Congo Program Wildlife Conservation Society 151 Avenue de Gaulle Brazzaville Republic of Congo
| | - David B. Morgan
- Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 North Clark Street Chicago IL 60614 USA
| | - Anne E. Pusey
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology Duke University Durham NC USA
| | - Badru Mugerwa
- Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation (ITFC) PO BOX 44 Kabale Uganda
| | | | - Caroline Tutin
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA UK
| | | | - Douglas Sheil
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås NO‐1432 Norway
| | - Edmond Dimoto
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN) B.P. 20379 Libreville Gabon
| | - Fidèle Baya
- Ministère des Eaux, Forêts, Chasse et Pêche BP 3314 Bangui Central African Republic
| | - Flort Bujo
- Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA
| | - Fredrick Ssali
- Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation (ITFC) PO BOX 44 Kabale Uganda
| | | | - Kathryn Jeffery
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA UK
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN) B.P. 20379 Libreville Gabon
| | - Kim Valenta
- Department of Anthropology and McGill School of Environment McGill University Montreal QC H3A 2A7 Canada
- Wildlife Conservation Society Bronx NY 10460 USA
| | - Lee White
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA UK
- Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale CENAREST BP 842 Libreville Gabon
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN) B.P. 20379 Libreville Gabon
| | - Michel Masozera
- Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA
| | - Michael L. Wilson
- Department of Anthropology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55454 USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution& Behavior University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55108 USA
| | - Robert Bitariho
- Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation (ITFC) PO BOX 44 Kabale Uganda
| | - Sydney T. Ndolo Ebika
- Initiative des Champignons et des Plantes du Congo (ICPC) B.P. 2300 Brazzaville Republic of Congo
| | | | - Felix Mulindahabi
- Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA
| | - Colin M. Beale
- Department of Biology University of York Wentworth Way York YO10 5DD UK
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17
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Maréchaux I, Chave J. An individual-based forest model to jointly simulate carbon and tree diversity in Amazonia: description and applications. ECOL MONOGR 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Maréchaux
- CNRS; Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier; ENFA; UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique); 118 route de Narbonne F-31062 Toulouse France
- AgroParisTech-ENGREF; 19 avenue du Maine F-75015 Paris France
| | - Jérôme Chave
- CNRS; Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier; ENFA; UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique); 118 route de Narbonne F-31062 Toulouse France
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18
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Vacchiano G, Hacket-Pain A, Turco M, Motta R, Maringer J, Conedera M, Drobyshev I, Ascoli D. Spatial patterns and broad-scale weather cues of beech mast seeding in Europe. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:595-608. [PMID: 28631320 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mast seeding is a crucial population process in many tree species, but its spatio-temporal patterns and drivers at the continental scale remain unknown . Using a large dataset (8000 masting observations across Europe for years 1950-2014) we analysed the spatial pattern of masting across the entire geographical range of European beech, how it is influenced by precipitation, temperature and drought, and the temporal and spatial stability of masting-weather correlations. Beech masting exhibited a general distance-dependent synchronicity and a pattern structured in three broad geographical groups consistent with continental climate regimes. Spearman's correlations and logistic regression revealed a general pattern of beech masting correlating negatively with temperature in the summer 2 yr before masting, and positively with summer temperature 1 yr before masting (i.e. 2T model). The temperature difference between the two previous summers (DeltaT model) was also a good predictor. Moving correlation analysis applied to the longest eight chronologies (74-114 yr) revealed stable correlations between temperature and masting, confirming consistency in weather cues across space and time. These results confirm widespread dependency of masting on temperature and lend robustness to the attempts to reconstruct and predict mast years using temperature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Vacchiano
- DISAFA, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Andrew Hacket-Pain
- St Catherine's College, Manor Road, Oxford, OX1 3UJ, UK
- Fitzwilliam College, Storeys Way, Cambridge, CB3 0DG, UK
| | - Marco Turco
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), c/Jordi Girona 29, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Renzo Motta
- DISAFA, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Janet Maringer
- Institute for Landscape Planning and Ecology, University of Stuttgart, Keplerstr. 11, 70174, Stuttgart, Germany
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, a Ramél 18, CH-6953, Cadenazzo, Switzerland
| | - Marco Conedera
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, a Ramél 18, CH-6953, Cadenazzo, Switzerland
| | - Igor Drobyshev
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 49, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
- Chaire industrielle CRSNG-UQAT-UQAM en aménagement forestier durable, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 Boulevard de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada
| | - Davide Ascoli
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
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19
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Alfaro-Sánchez R, Muller-Landau HC, Wright SJ, Camarero JJ. Growth and reproduction respond differently to climate in three Neotropical tree species. Oecologia 2017; 184:531-541. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Abstract
Apparent feeding damage by insects on plants is often slight. Thus, the influences of insect herbivores on plant populations are likely minor. The role of insects on host-plant populations can be elucidated via several methods: stage-structured life tables of plant populations manipulated by herbivore exclusion and seed-addition experiments, tests of the enemy release hypothesis, studies of the effects of accidentally and intentionally introduced insect herbivores, and observations of the impacts of insect species that show outbreak population dynamics. These approaches demonstrate that some, but not all, insect herbivores influence plant population densities. At times, insect-feeding damage kills plants, but more often, it reduces plant size, growth, and seed production. Plant populations for which seed germination is site limited will not respond at the population level to reduced seed production. Insect herbivores can influence rare plant species and need to be considered in conservation programs. Alterations due to climate change in the distributions of insect herbivores indicate the possibility of new influences on host plants. Long-term studies are required to show if density-related insect behavior stabilizes plant populations or if environmental variation drives most temporal fluctuations in plant densities. Finally, insects can influence plant populations and communities through changing the diversity of nonhost species, modifying nutrient fluxes, and rejuvenating over mature forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith H Myers
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada;
- Biodiversity Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rana M Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada;
- Biodiversity Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
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21
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Bush ER, Abernethy KA, Jeffery K, Tutin C, White L, Dimoto E, Dikangadissi J, Jump AS, Bunnefeld N. Fourier analysis to detect phenological cycles using long‐term tropical field data and simulations. Methods Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma R. Bush
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA UK
| | - Katharine A. Abernethy
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA UK
- Institut de Recherche en Écologie Tropicale CENAREST BP 842 Libreville Gabon
| | - Kathryn Jeffery
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA UK
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN) B.P. 20379 Libreville Gabon
| | - Caroline Tutin
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA UK
| | - Lee White
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA UK
- Institut de Recherche en Écologie Tropicale CENAREST BP 842 Libreville Gabon
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN) B.P. 20379 Libreville Gabon
| | - Edmond Dimoto
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN) B.P. 20379 Libreville Gabon
| | | | - Alistair S. Jump
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA UK
| | - Nils Bunnefeld
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA UK
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22
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Montoya SG, Motoike SY, Kuki KN, Couto AD. Fruit development, growth, and stored reserves in macauba palm (Acrocomia aculeata), an alternative bioenergy crop. PLANTA 2016; 244:927-938. [PMID: 27318823 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Main conclusion Macauba palm fruiting is supra-annual, and the fruit growth follows a double sigmoidal trend. The prevailing compound in the mesocarp differs as the fruit ages, oil being the major storage compound. Acrocomia aculeata, macauba palm, is a conspicuous species in the tropical Americas. Because the species is highly productive in oil-rich fruits, it is the subject of domestication as an alternative vegetable oil crop, especially as a bioenergy feedstock. This detailed study first presents the macauba fruit growth and development patterns, morphological changes and accumulation of organic compounds. Fruits were monitored weekly in a natural population. The fruiting was supra-annual, and the fruit growth curve followed a double sigmoidal trend with four stages (S): SI-slow growth and negligible differentiation of the fruit inner parts; SII-first growth spurt and visible, but not complete, differentiation of the inner parts; SIII-growth slowed down and all structures attained differentiation; and SIV-second growth spurt and fruit maturation. In SII, the exocarp and endocarp were the main contributors to fruit growth, whereas the mesocarp and endosperm were responsible for most of the weight gain during SIV. In comparison with starch and oil, soluble sugars did not accumulate in the mesocarp. However, starch was transitory and fueled the oil synthesis. The protective layers, the exocarp and endocarp, fulfilling their ecological roles, were the first to reach maturity, followed by the storage tissues, the mesocarp, and endosperm. The amount and nature of organic compounds in the mesocarp varied with the fruit development and growth stages, and oil was the main and final storage material. The description of macauba fruit's transformations and their temporal order may be of importance for future ecological and agronomical references.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kacilda Naomi Kuki
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil.
| | - Adriano Donato Couto
- Departamento de Informática, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
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23
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Jabot F, Lohier T. Non-random correlation of species dynamics in tropical tree communities. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franck Jabot
- Irstea, UR LISC, Campus des Cézeaux 9; Avenue Blaise Pascal - CS 20085 FR-63178 Aubière France
| | - Théophile Lohier
- Irstea, UR LISC, Campus des Cézeaux 9; Avenue Blaise Pascal - CS 20085 FR-63178 Aubière France
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24
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Hawes JE, Peres CA. Patterns of plant phenology in Amazonian seasonally flooded and unflooded forests. Biotropica 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Hawes
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ U.K
| | - Carlos A. Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ U.K
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25
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Does masting result in frugivore satiation? A test with Manilkara trees in French Guiana. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467415000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:Species showing mast seeding synchronously produce large amounts of fruits during some scattered years. This massive crop has been hypothesized to improve dispersal effectiveness by a satiation of seed predators, but the consequences for seed dispersers have barely been studied in the tropics. We tested the hypothesis that masting resulted in satiation of frugivorous dispersers using the study case of two Manilkara species growing in an Amazonian forest in French Guiana. Seed dispersal was estimated by means of seed traps in two forest types during a 10-y monitoring. Manilkara huberi and M. bidentata showed three fruiting events in a time span of 10 y (in 2001, 2006 and 2010). Estimates of seed dispersal from 2001 and 2010 showed that satiation of frugivores only occurred in the year with the largest crop of Manilkara (2010) and in the habitat where the diversity of primate-dispersed species retrieved in seed traps was the highest (Grand Plateau, with clay soils), while fruit consumers did not seem to be satiated in other instances. Spatio-temporal variability of seed production and the community-crop context are therefore affecting satiation of frugivores during masting events.
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26
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Biotic and abiotic drivers of dipterocarp seedling survival following mast fruiting in Malaysian Borneo. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1017/s026646741400073x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:South-East Asian tropical rain forests experience sporadic, but profuse, seed production after general flowering, leading to the synchronous emergence of various seedlings and subsequent seedling dynamics, which play a crucial role in determining species distribution and coexistence. We examined the relative importance of both biotic (initial height, conspecific seedling density) and abiotic (canopy openness, per cent sand, soil water content) drivers using survival data for 1842 seedlings of 12 dipterocarp species for 1.5 y following mast fruiting in an old-growth Bornean tropical rain forest. More than 30% of all dipterocarp seedlings survived 1.5 y after mast fruiting. When all species were analysed together, we found that initial seedling height, canopy openness and conspecific seedling density affected dipterocarp seedling survival. Negative density dependence indicated that predators were not satiated, but dipterocarp seedlings rather suffered from host-specific natural enemies or intraspecific competition. Species-level analyses of seven dipterocarp species showed large variation in response to biotic and abiotic factors. These results suggest that interspecific differences in the relative importance of biotic and abiotic effects on seedling survival might contribute to species coexistence.
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27
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Polansky L, Robbins MM. Generalized additive mixed models for disentangling long-term trends, local anomalies, and seasonality in fruit tree phenology. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:3141-51. [PMID: 24102000 PMCID: PMC3790557 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying temporal patterns of ephemeral plant structures such as leaves, flowers, and fruits gives insight into both plant and animal ecology. Different scales of temporal changes in fruits, for example within- versus across-year variability, are driven by different processes, but are not always easy to disentangle. We apply generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) to study a long-term fruit presence-absence data set of individual trees collected from a high-altitude Afromontane tropical rain forest site within Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (BINP), Uganda. Our primary aim was to highlight and evaluate GAMM methodology, and quantify both intra- and interannual changes in fruit production. First, we conduct several simulation experiments to study the practical utility of model selection and smooth term estimation relevant for disentangling intra- and interannual variability. These simulations indicate that estimation of nonlinearity and seasonality is generally accurately identified using asymptotic theory. Applied to the empirical data set, we found that the forest-level fruiting variability arises from both regular seasonality and significant interannual variability, with the years 2009-2010 in particular showing a significant increase in the presence of fruits-driven by increased productivity of most species, and a regular annual peak associated occurring at the end of one of the two dry seasons. Our analyses illustrate a statistical framework for disentangling short-term increases/decreases in fruiting effort while pinpointing specific times in which fruiting is atypical, providing a first step for assessing the impacts of regular and irregular (e.g., climate change) abiotic covariates on fruiting phenology. Some consequences of the rich diversity of fruiting patterns observed here for the population biology of frugivores in BINP are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Polansky
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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28
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Clark CJ, Poulsen JR, Levey DJ. Roles of seed and establishment limitation in determining patterns of afrotropical tree recruitment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63330. [PMID: 23691023 PMCID: PMC3653939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying the relative importance of the multiple processes that limit recruitment may hold the key to understanding tropical tree diversity. Here we couple theoretical models with a large-scale, multi-species seed-sowing experiment to assess the degree to which seed and establishment limitation shape patterns of tropical tree seedling recruitment in a central African forest. Of five randomly selected species (Pancovia laurentii, Staudtia kamerunensis, Manilkara mabokeensis, Myrianthus arboreas, and Entandophragma utile), seedling establishment and survival were low (means of 16% and 6% at 3 and 24 months, respectively), and seedling density increased with seed augmentation. Seedling recruitment was best explained by species identity and the interaction of site-by-species, suggesting recruitment probabilities vary among species and sites, and supporting the role of niche-based mechanisms. Although seed augmentation enhanced initial seedling density, environmental filtering and post-establishment mortality strongly limited seedling recruitment. The relative importance of seed and establishment limitation changed with seed and seedling density and through time. The arrival of seeds most strongly affected local recruitment when seeds were nearly absent from a site (∼ 1 seed m2), but was also important when seeds arrived in extremely high densities, overwhelming niche-based mortality factors. The strength of seed limitation and density-independent mortality decreased significantly over time, while density-dependent mortality showed the opposite trend. The varying strengths of seed and establishment limitation as a function of juvenile density and time emphasize the need to evaluate their roles through later stages of a tree’s life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie J Clark
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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29
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Unveiling the diet of elusive rainforest herbivores in next generation sequencing era? The tapir as a case study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60799. [PMID: 23560107 PMCID: PMC3613382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the trophic relationships between large herbivores and the outstanding plant diversity in rainforest is a major challenge because of their elusiveness. This is crucial to understand the role of these herbivores in the functioning of the rainforest ecosystems. We tested a non-invasive approach based on the high-throughput sequencing of environmental samples using small plant plastid sequences (the trnL P6 loop) and ribosomal ITS1 primers, referred to as DNA metabarcoding, to investigate the diet of the largest neotropical herbivore, the lowland tapir. Sequencing was performed on plant DNA extracted from tapir faeces collected at the Nouragues station, a protected area of French Guiana. In spite of a limited sampling, our approach reliably provided information about the lowland tapir's diet at this site. Indeed, 95.1% and 74.4% of the plant families and genera identified thanks to the trnL P6 loop, respectively, matched with taxa already known to be consumed by tapirs. With this approach we were able to show that two families and eight new genera are also consumed by the lowland tapir. The taxonomic resolution of this method is limited to the plant family and genera. Complementary barcodes, such as a small portion of ITS1, can be used to efficiently narrow identifications down to the species in some problematic families. We will discuss the remaining limitations of this approach and how useful it is at this stage to unravel the diet of elusive rainforest herbivores and better understand their role as engineers of the ecosystem.
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30
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Hibert F, Sabatier D, Andrivot J, Scotti-Saintagne C, Gonzalez S, Prévost MF, Grenand P, Chave J, Caron H, Richard-Hansen C. Botany, genetics and ethnobotany: a crossed investigation on the elusive tapir's diet in French Guiana. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25850. [PMID: 21991372 PMCID: PMC3185057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While the populations of large herbivores are being depleted in many tropical rainforests, the importance of their trophic role in the ecological functioning and biodiversity of these ecosystems is still not well evaluated. This is due to the outstanding plant diversity that they feed upon and the inherent difficulties involved in observing their elusive behaviour. Classically, the diet of elusive tropical herbivores is studied through the observation of browsing signs and macroscopic analysis of faeces or stomach contents. In this study, we illustrate that the original coupling of classic methods with genetic and ethnobotanical approaches yields information both about the diet diversity, the foraging modalities and the potential impact on vegetation of the largest terrestrial mammal of Amazonia, the lowland tapir. The study was conducted in the Guianan shield, where the ecology of tapirs has been less investigated. We identified 92 new species, 51 new genera and 13 new families of plants eaten by tapirs. We discuss the relative contribution of our different approaches, notably the contribution of genetic barcoding, used for the first time to investigate the diet of a large tropical mammal, and how local traditional ecological knowledge is accredited and valuable for research on the ecology of elusive animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Hibert
- Direction Etudes et Recherches Guyane, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Kourou, French Guiana, France.
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McConkey KR, Brockelman WY. Nonredundancy in the dispersal network of a generalist tropical forest tree. Ecology 2011; 92:1492-502. [PMID: 21870623 DOI: 10.1890/10-1255.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant species with generalized dispersal mutualisms are considered to be robust to local frugivore extinctions because of redundancy between dispersal agents. However, real redundancy can only occur if frugivores have similar foraging and ranging patterns and if fruit is a limiting resource. We evaluated the quantitative and qualitative contributions of seed dispersers for an endochorus mast-fruiting species, Prunus javanica (Rosaceae) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand, to evaluate the potential redundancy of dispersers. Data were collected from tree watches, seed/fruit traps, and seed transects under and away from fruiting trees, feeding and seed deposition by gibbons (Hylobates lar), and evaluations of seed and first-year seedling survival. We identified three clusters of dispersers within the network. Most (>80%) frugivore species observed were small birds and squirrels that were not functional dispersers, dropping most seeds under or very near the tree crown, where seedling survival was ultimately nil. Monkeys (Macaca leonina) were low-quality, short-range dispersers, but they dispersed large numbers of seeds and were responsible for 67% of surviving first-year seedlings. Gibbons and Oriental Pied Hornbills (Anthracoceros albirostris) handled few fruits, but they provided the highest quality service by carrying most seeds away from the canopy to medium and long distances, respectively. Although there was overlap in the deposition patterns of the functional dispersers, they displayed complementary, rather than redundant, roles in seed dispersal. Satiation of all functional dispersers further limited their capacity to "replace" one another. Redundancy must be evaluated at the community level because each type of disperser may shift to different species in the non-masting years of P. javanica. Our results underscore the need for research on broader spatial and temporal scales, which combines studies of dispersal and plant recruitment, to better understand mechanisms that maintain network stability.
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Taylor LL, Leake JR, Quirk J, Hardy K, Banwart SA, Beerling DJ. Biological weathering and the long-term carbon cycle: integrating mycorrhizal evolution and function into the current paradigm. GEOBIOLOGY 2009; 7:171-191. [PMID: 19323695 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2009.00194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The dramatic decline in atmospheric CO2 evidenced by proxy data during the Devonian (416.0-359.2 Ma) and the gradual decline from the Cretaceous (145.5-65.5 Ma) onwards have been linked to the spread of deeply rooted trees and the rise of angiosperms, respectively. But this paradigm overlooks the coevolution of roots with the major groups of symbiotic fungal partners that have dominated terrestrial ecosystems throughout Earth history. The colonization of land by plants was coincident with the rise of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF),while the Cenozoic (c. 65.5-0 Ma) witnessed the rise of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) that associate with both gymnosperm and angiosperm tree roots. Here, we critically review evidence for the influence of AMF and EMF on mineral weathering processes. We show that the key weathering processes underpinning the current paradigm and ascribed to plants are actually driven by the combined activities of roots and mycorrhizal fungi. Fuelled by substantial amounts of recent photosynthate transported from shoots to roots, these fungi form extensive mycelial networks which extend into soil actively foraging for nutrients by altering minerals through the acidification of the immediate root environment. EMF aggressively weather minerals through the additional mechanism of releasing low molecular weight organic chelators. Rates of biotic weathering might therefore be more usefully conceptualized as being fundamentally controlled by the biomass, surface area of contact, and capacity of roots and their mycorrhizal fungal partners to interact physically and chemically with minerals. All of these activities are ultimately controlled by rates of carbon-energy supply from photosynthetic organisms. The weathering functions in leading carbon cycle models require experiments and field studies of evolutionary grades of plants with appropriate mycorrhizal associations. Representation of the coevolution of roots and fungi in geochemical carbon cycle models is required to further our understanding of the role of the biota in Earth's CO2 and climate history.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Taylor
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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