1
|
Castillejos-López M, Romero Y, Varela-Ordoñez A, Flores-Soto E, Romero-Martinez BS, Velázquez-Cruz R, Vázquez-Pérez JA, Ruiz V, Gomez-Verjan JC, Rivero-Segura NA, Camarena Á, Torres-Soria AK, Gonzalez-Avila G, Sommer B, Solís-Chagoyán H, Jaimez R, Torres-Espíndola LM, Aquino-Gálvez A. Hypoxia Induces Alterations in the Circadian Rhythm in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:2724. [PMID: 38067152 PMCID: PMC10706372 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of the circadian cycle is to determine the natural 24 h biological rhythm, which includes physiological, metabolic, and hormonal changes that occur daily in the body. This cycle is controlled by an internal biological clock that is present in the body's tissues and helps regulate various processes such as sleeping, eating, and others. Interestingly, animal models have provided enough evidence to assume that the alteration in the circadian system leads to the appearance of numerous diseases. Alterations in breathing patterns in lung diseases can modify oxygenation and the circadian cycles; however, the response mechanisms to hypoxia and their relationship with the clock genes are not fully understood. Hypoxia is a condition in which the lack of adequate oxygenation promotes adaptation mechanisms and is related to several genes that regulate the circadian cycles, the latter because hypoxia alters the production of melatonin and brain physiology. Additionally, the lack of oxygen alters the expression of clock genes, leading to an alteration in the regularity and precision of the circadian cycle. In this sense, hypoxia is a hallmark of a wide variety of lung diseases. In the present work, we intended to review the functional repercussions of hypoxia in the presence of asthma, chronic obstructive sleep apnea, lung cancer, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, obstructive sleep apnea, influenza, and COVID-19 and its repercussions on the circadian cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Castillejos-López
- Departamento de Epidemiología e Infectología Hospitalaria, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Yair Romero
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Angelica Varela-Ordoñez
- Red MEDICI, Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores de Iztacala Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.V.-O.); (A.K.T.-S.)
| | - Edgar Flores-Soto
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (E.F.-S.); (B.S.R.-M.); (R.J.)
| | - Bianca S. Romero-Martinez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (E.F.-S.); (B.S.R.-M.); (R.J.)
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
| | - Joel Armando Vázquez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Enfermedades Emergentes y EPOC, Instituto Nacional de Enferdades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Víctor Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (INP), Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Juan C. Gomez-Verjan
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría (INGER), Mexico City 10200, Mexico; (J.C.G.-V.); (N.A.R.-S.)
| | - Nadia A. Rivero-Segura
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría (INGER), Mexico City 10200, Mexico; (J.C.G.-V.); (N.A.R.-S.)
| | - Ángel Camarena
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Ana Karen Torres-Soria
- Red MEDICI, Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores de Iztacala Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.V.-O.); (A.K.T.-S.)
| | - Georgina Gonzalez-Avila
- Laboratorio de Oncología Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Bettina Sommer
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Héctor Solís-Chagoyán
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Cognitiva, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico;
| | - Ruth Jaimez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (E.F.-S.); (B.S.R.-M.); (R.J.)
| | | | - Arnoldo Aquino-Gálvez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Montalvo AP, Gruskin ZL, Leduc A, Liu M, Gao Z, Ahn JH, Straubhaar JR, Slavov N, Alvarez-Dominguez JR. An adult clock component links circadian rhythms to pancreatic β-cell maturation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.11.552890. [PMID: 37609178 PMCID: PMC10441398 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.11.552890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
How ubiquitous circadian clocks orchestrate tissue-specific outputs is not well understood. Pancreatic β cell-autonomous clocks attune insulin secretion to daily energy cycles, and desynchrony from genetic or behavioral disruptions raises type 2 diabetes risk. We show that the transcription factor DEC1, a clock component induced in adult β cells, coordinates their glucose responsiveness by synchronizing energy metabolism and secretory gene oscillations. Dec1-ablated mice develop lifelong hypo-insulinemic diabetes, despite normal islet formation and intact circadian Clock and Bmal1 activators. DEC1, but not CLOCK/BMAL1, binds maturity-linked genes that mediate respiratory metabolism and insulin exocytosis, and Dec1 loss disrupts their transcription synchrony. Accordingly, β-cell Dec1 ablation causes hypo-insulinemia due to immature glucose responsiveness, dampening insulin rhythms. Thus, Dec1 links circadian clockwork to the β-cell maturation process, aligning metabolism to diurnal energy cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Montalvo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zoe L Gruskin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew Leduc
- Departments of Bioengineering and Biology, Single-Cell Proteomics Center and Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mai Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zihan Gao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - June H Ahn
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Juerg R Straubhaar
- Bioinformatics Center, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nikolai Slavov
- Departments of Bioengineering and Biology, Single-Cell Proteomics Center and Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juan R Alvarez-Dominguez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yoshitane H, Imamura K, Okubo T, Otobe Y, Kawakami S, Ito S, Takumi T, Hattori K, Naguro I, Ichijo H, Fukada Y. mTOR-AKT Signaling in Cellular Clock Resetting Triggered by Osmotic Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:631-646. [PMID: 35018792 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aims: The circadian clock oscillates in a cell-autonomous manner with a period of ∼24 h, and the phase is regulated by various time cues such as light and temperature through multiple clock input pathways. We previously found that osmotic and oxidative stress strongly affected the circadian period and phase of cellular rhythms, and triple knockout of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK) family members, Ask1, Ask2, and Ask3, abolished the phase shift (clock resetting) induced by hyperosmotic pulse treatment. We aimed at exploring a key molecule(s) and signaling events in the clock input pathway dependent on ASK kinases. Results: The phase shift of the cellular clock induced by the hyperosmotic pulse treatment was significantly reduced by combined deficiencies of the clock(-related) genes, Dec1, Dec2, and E4 promoter-binding protein 4 (also known as Nfil3) (E4bp4). In addition, liquid chromatography mass/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomic analysis identified hyperosmotic pulse-induced phosphorylation of circadian locomotor output cycles caput (CLOCK) Ser845 in an AKT-dependent manner. We found that AKT kinase was phosphorylated at Ser473 (i.e., activated) in response to the hyperosmotic pulse experiments. Inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase by Torin 1 treatment completely abolished the AKT activation, suppressed the phosphorylation of CLOCK Ser845, and blocked the clock resetting induced by the hyperosmotic pulse treatment. Innovation and Conclusions: We conclude that mTOR-AKT signaling is indispensable for the CLOCK Ser845 phosphorylation, which correlates with the clock resetting induced by the hyperosmotic pulse treatment. Immediate early induction of the clock(-related) genes and CLOCK carboxyl-terminal (C-terminal) region containing Ser845 also play important roles in the clock input pathway through redox-sensitive ASK kinases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 631-646.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Yoshitane
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.,Circadiain Clock Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Japan
| | - Kiyomichi Imamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takenori Okubo
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yuta Otobe
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.,Circadiain Clock Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawakami
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.,Circadiain Clock Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ito
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.,Circadiain Clock Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Japan
| | - Toru Takumi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hattori
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Isao Naguro
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fukada
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.,Circadiain Clock Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rauschmeier R, Reinhardt A, Gustafsson C, Glaros V, Artemov AV, Dunst J, Taneja R, Adameyko I, Månsson R, Busslinger M, Kreslavsky T. Bhlhe40 function in activated B and TFH cells restrains the GC reaction and prevents lymphomagenesis. J Exp Med 2021; 219:212923. [PMID: 34919144 PMCID: PMC8689665 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of high-affinity antibodies against pathogens and vaccines requires the germinal center (GC) reaction, which relies on a complex interplay between specialized effector B and CD4 T lymphocytes, the GC B cells and T follicular helper (TFH) cells. Intriguingly, several positive key regulators of the GC reaction are common for both cell types. Here, we report that the transcription factor Bhlhe40 is a crucial cell-intrinsic negative regulator affecting both the B and T cell sides of the GC reaction. In activated CD4 T cells, Bhlhe40 was required to restrain proliferation, thus limiting the number of TFH cells. In B cells, Bhlhe40 executed its function in the first days after immunization by selectively restricting the generation of the earliest GC B cells but not of early memory B cells or plasmablasts. Bhlhe40-deficient mice with progressing age succumbed to a B cell lymphoma characterized by the accumulation of monoclonal GC B-like cells and polyclonal TFH cells in various tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- René Rauschmeier
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annika Reinhardt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Gustafsson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vassilis Glaros
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Artem V. Artemov
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Josefine Dunst
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Månsson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Hematology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meinrad Busslinger
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Taras Kreslavsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brain Clocks, Sleep, and Mood. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34773227 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-81147-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus houses the master clock, but the genes which encode the circadian clock components are also expressed throughout the brain. Here, we review how circadian clock transcription factors regulate neuromodulator systems such as histamine, dopamine, and orexin that promote arousal. These circadian transcription factors all lead to repression of the histamine, dopamine, and orexin systems during the sleep period, so ensuring integration with the ecology of the animal. If these transcription factors are deleted or mutated, in addition to the global disturbances in circadian rhythms, this causes a chronic up-regulation of neuromodulators leading to hyperactivity, elevated mood, and reduced sleep, which have been suggested to be states resembling mania.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yook JH, Rizwan M, Shahid NUA, Naguit N, Jakkoju R, Laeeq S, Reghefaoui T, Zahoor H, Mohammed L. Some Twist of Molecular Circuitry Fast Forwards Overnight Sleep Hours: A Systematic Review of Natural Short Sleepers' Genes. Cureus 2021; 13:e19045. [PMID: 34722012 PMCID: PMC8547374 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review focuses on different genetic mutations identified in studies on natural short sleepers, who would not be ill-defined as one type of sleep-related disorder. The reviewed literature is from databases such as PubMed, PMC, Scopus, and ResearchGate. Due to the rare prevalence, the number of studies conducted on natural short sleepers is limited. Hence, searching the search of databases was done without any date restriction and included animal studies, since mouse and fly models share similarities with human sleep behaviors. Of the 12 articles analyzed, four conducted two types of studies, animal and human (cross-sectional or randomized-controlled studies), to testify the effects of human mutant genes in familial natural short sleepers via transgenic mouse or fly models. The remaining eight articles mainly focused on one type of study each: animal study (four articles), cross-sectional study (two articles), review (one article), and case report (one article). Hence, those articles brought different perspectives on the natural short sleep phenomenon by identifying intrinsic factors like DEC2, NPSR1, mGluR1, and β1-AR mutant genes. Natural short sleep traits in either point-mutations or single null mutations in those genes have been examined and confirmed its intrinsic nature in affected individuals without any related health concerns. Finally, this review added a potential limitation in these studies, mainly highlighting intrinsic causes since one case study reported an extrinsically triggered short sleep behavior in an older man without any family history. The overall result of the review study suggests that the molecular mechanisms tuned by identified sleep genes can give some potential points of therapeutic intervention in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Yook
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Medicine, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, CHN
| | - Muneeba Rizwan
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Noor Ul Ain Shahid
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Noreen Naguit
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Rakesh Jakkoju
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sadia Laeeq
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Tiba Reghefaoui
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Hafsa Zahoor
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Lubna Mohammed
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
CHRONO and DEC1/DEC2 compensate for lack of CRY1/CRY2 in expression of coherent circadian rhythm but not in generation of circadian oscillation in the neonatal mouse SCN. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19240. [PMID: 34584158 PMCID: PMC8479135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98532-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clock genes Cry1 and Cry2, inhibitory components of core molecular feedback loop, are regarded as critical molecules for the circadian rhythm generation in mammals. A double knockout of Cry1 and Cry2 abolishes the circadian behavioral rhythm in adult mice under constant darkness. However, robust circadian rhythms in PER2::LUC expression are detected in the cultured suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of Cry1/Cry2 deficient neonatal mice and restored in adult SCN by co-culture with wild-type neonatal SCN. These findings led us to postulate the compensatory molecule(s) for Cry1/Cry2 deficiency in circadian rhythm generation. We examined the roles of Chrono and Dec1/Dec2 proteins, the suppressors of Per(s) transcription similar to CRY(s). Unexpectedly, knockout of Chrono or Dec1/Dec2 in the Cry1/Cry2 deficient mice did not abolish but decoupled the coherent circadian rhythm into three different periodicities or significantly shortened the circadian period in neonatal SCN. DNA microarray analysis for the SCN of Cry1/Cry2 deficient mice revealed substantial increases in Per(s), Chrono and Dec(s) expression, indicating disinhibition of the transactivation by BMAL1/CLOCK. Here, we conclude that Chrono and Dec1/Dec2 do not compensate for absence of CRY1/CRY2 in the circadian rhythm generation but contribute to the coherent circadian rhythm expression in the neonatal mouse SCN most likely through integration of cellular circadian rhythms.
Collapse
|
8
|
Rivas GBS, Zhou J, Merlin C, Hardin PE. CLOCKWORK ORANGE promotes CLOCK-CYCLE activation via the putative Drosophila ortholog of CLOCK INTERACTING PROTEIN CIRCADIAN. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4207-4218.e4. [PMID: 34331859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Drosophila circadian clock is driven by a transcriptional feedback loop in which CLOCK-CYCLE (CLK-CYC) binds E-boxes to transcribe genes encoding the PERIOD-TIMELESS (PER-TIM) repressor, which releases CLK-CYC from E-boxes to inhibit transcription. CLOCKWORK ORANGE (CWO) reinforces PER-TIM repression by binding E-boxes to maintain PER-TIM bound CLK-CYC off DNA, but also promotes CLK-CYC transcription through an unknown mechanism. To determine how CWO activates CLK-CYC transcription, we identified CWO target genes that are upregulated in the absence of CWO repression, conserved in mammals, and preferentially expressed in brain pacemaker neurons. Among the genes identified was a putative ortholog of mouse Clock Interacting Protein Circadian (Cipc), which represses CLOCK-BMAL1 transcription. Reducing or eliminating Drosophila Cipc expression shortens period, while overexpressing Cipc lengthens period, which is consistent with previous work showing that Drosophila Cipc represses CLK-CYC transcription in S2 cells. Cipc represses CLK-CYC transcription in vivo, but not uniformly, as per is strongly repressed, tim less so, and vri hardly at all. Long period rhythms in cwo mutant flies are largely rescued when Cipc expression is reduced or eliminated, indicating that increased Cipc expression mediates the period lengthening of cwo mutants. Consistent with this behavioral rescue, eliminating Cipc rescues the decreased CLK-CYC transcription in cwo mutant flies, where per is strongly rescued, tim is moderately rescued, and vri shows little rescue. These results suggest a mechanism for CWO-dependent CLK-CYC activation: CWO inhibition of CIPC repression promotes CLK-CYC transcription. This mechanism may be conserved since cwo and Cipc perform analogous roles in the mammalian circadian clock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo B S Rivas
- Department of Biology and Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Biology and Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Christine Merlin
- Department of Biology and Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Paul E Hardin
- Department of Biology and Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Muñoz-Guzmán F, Caballero V, Larrondo LF. A global search for novel transcription factors impacting the Neurospora crassa circadian clock. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021; 11:jkab100. [PMID: 33792687 PMCID: PMC8495738 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic circadian oscillators share a common circuit architecture, a negative feedback loop in which a positive element activates the transcription of a negative one that then represses the action of the former, inhibiting its own expression. While studies in mammals and insects have revealed additional transcriptional inputs modulating the expression of core clock components, this has been less characterized in the model Neurospora crassa, where the participation of other transcriptional components impacting circadian clock dynamics remains rather unexplored. Thus, we sought to identify additional transcriptional regulators modulating the N. crassa clock, following a reverse genetic screen based on luminescent circadian reporters and a collection of transcription factors (TFs) knockouts, successfully covering close to 60% of them. Besides the canonical core clock components WC-1 and -2, none of the tested transcriptional regulators proved to be essential for rhythmicity. Nevertheless, we identified a set of 23 TFs that when absent lead to discrete, but significant, changes in circadian period. While the current level of analysis does not provide mechanistic information about how these new players modulate circadian parameters, the results of this screen reveal that an important number of light and clock-regulated TFs, involved in a plethora of processes, are capable of modulating the clockworks. This partial reverse genetic clock screen also exemplifies how the N. crassa knockout collection continues to serve as an expedite platform to address broad biological questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Muñoz-Guzmán
- ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program—Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Valeria Caballero
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Luis F Larrondo
- ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program—Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cook ME, Jarjour NN, Lin CC, Edelson BT. Transcription Factor Bhlhe40 in Immunity and Autoimmunity. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:1023-1036. [PMID: 33039338 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (TF) Bhlhe40 is emerging as a key regulator of immunity during infection, autoimmunity, and inflammatory conditions. We describe the roles of Bhlhe40 in the circulating and tissue-resident arms of the immune system, with emphasis on recent work on the regulation of cytokine production and proliferation. We explore the mechanisms behind these functions in mouse models and human cells, including interactions with other TFs, and propose that Bhlhe40 is a central mediator of both inflammation and pathogen control, as well as a crucial regulator of a growing number of tissue-resident leukocyte populations. Finally, we suggest areas for further study that may advance our understanding of immunity and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Cook
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicholas N Jarjour
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Brian T Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pathogenic Bhlhe40+ GM-CSF+ CD4+ T cells promote indirect alloantigen presentation in the GI tract during GVHD. Blood 2020; 135:568-581. [PMID: 31880771 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) tract involvement is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and pathological damage is largely attributable to inflammatory cytokine production. Recently, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been identified as a cytokine that mediates inflammation in the GI tract, but the transcriptional program that governs GM-CSF production and the mechanism by which GM-CSF links adaptive to innate immunity within this tissue site have not been defined. In the current study, we identified Bhlhe40 as a key transcriptional regulator that governs GM-CSF production by CD4+ T cells and mediates pathological damage in the GI tract during GVHD. In addition, we observed that GM-CSF was not regulated by either interleukin 6 (IL-6) or IL-23, which are both potent inducers of GVHD-induced colonic pathology, indicating that GM-CSF constitutes a nonredundant inflammatory pathway in the GI tract. Mechanistically, GM-CSF had no adverse effect on regulatory T-cell reconstitution, but linked adaptive to innate immunity by enhancing the activation of donor-derived dendritic cells in the colon and subsequent accumulation of these cells in the mLNs. In addition, GM-CSF promoted indirect alloantigen presentation, resulting in the accumulation of donor-derived T cells with a proinflammatory cytokine phenotype in the colon. Thus, Bhlhe40+ GM-CSF+ CD4+ T cells constitute a colitogenic T-cell population that promotes indirect alloantigen presentation and pathological damage within the GI tract, positioning GM-CSF as a key regulator of GVHD in the colon and a potential therapeutic target for amelioration of this disease.
Collapse
|
12
|
Baburski AZ, Andric SA, Kostic TS. Luteinizing hormone signaling is involved in synchronization of Leydig cell's clock and is crucial for rhythm robustness of testosterone production†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:1406-1415. [PMID: 30722003 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, circadian clock regulates concentration of many reproductive hormones including testosterone. Previously, we characterized pattern of circadian transcription of core clock genes in testosterone-producing Leydig cells. Here, the potential role of luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR)-cAMP signaling in synchronization of Leydig cell's circadian clock and rhythmic testosterone production were examined. Results showed that activation of LHR-cAMP signaling in primary rat Leydig cell culture increased Star/STAR and changed expression of many clock genes (upregulated Per1/PER1, Dec1/2, and Rorb, and downregulated Bmal1 and Rev-erba/b). Inhibition of protein kinase A prevented LHR-triggered increase in transcription of Per1 and Dec1. Effect of stimulated LHR-cAMP signaling on Leydig cell's clock transcription was also confirmed in vivo, using rats treated with single hCG injection. To analyze in vivo effect of low LH-cAMP activity on rhythmical Leydig cell function, rats with experimental hypogonadotropic hypogonadism were used. Characteristics of hypogonadal rats were decreased LH and testosterone secretion without circadian fluctuation; in Leydig cells decreased arrhythmic cAMP and transcription of steroidogenic genes (Cyp11a1 and Cyp17a1) were observed, while decreased Star/STAR expression retains circadian pattern. However, expression of clock genes, despite changes in transcription levels (increased Bmal1, Per2, Cry1, Cry2, Rora, Rorb, Rev-erba/b/REV-ERBB, Dec1, Csnk1e, and decreased Npas2 and PER1) kept circadian patterns observed in control groups. Altogether, the results strengthened the hypothesis about role of LH-cAMP signaling as synchronizer of Leydig cell's clock. However, clock in Leydig cells is not sufficient to sustain rhythmicity of testosterone production in absence of rhythmic activity of LH-cAMP signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Z Baburski
- Laboratory for Chronobiology and Aging, Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Silvana A Andric
- Laboratory for Chronobiology and Aging, Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tatjana S Kostic
- Laboratory for Chronobiology and Aging, Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Asano K, Tsukada A, Takagi K, Yamada K. An insulin-inducible transcription factor, SHARP-1, represses transcription of the SIRT1 longevity gene. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 22:100743. [PMID: 32072026 PMCID: PMC7013158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat enhancer of split- and hairy-related protein (SHARP)-1 genes encode insulin-inducible transcriptional repressors. A longevity gene, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) encodes protein deacetylase. These play an important role in regulating hepatic glucose metabolism. In this study, to evaluate a correlation with these gene expressions, we examined whether SIRT1 effects on expression of the SHARP-1 gene by a treatment with a SIRT1 inhibitor or activator in rat H4IIE hepatoma cells. Whereas the SIRT1 inhibitor increased the level of SHARP-1 mRNA, the SIRT1 activator decreased it. Next, whether SHARP-1 effect on the transcriptional activity of the human SIRT1 gene using luciferase reporter assays was determined. Promoter activity of the SIRT1 gene was specifically repressed by SHARP-1. Further reporter analysis using 5'- deleted or mutated constructs revealed that an E box sequence (5'-CACGTG-3') of the SIRT1 gene promoter was required for the inhibitory effect of SHARP-1. Thus, we conclude that expressions between the SHARP-1 and the SIRT1 genes show a negative correlation and that SHARP-1 represses transcription of the SIRT1 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Asano
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-1295, Japan
| | - Akiko Tsukada
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-1295, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Takagi
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-1295, Japan
- Matsumoto University Graduate School of Health Science, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-1295, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamada
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-1295, Japan
- Matsumoto University Graduate School of Health Science, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-1295, Japan
- Corresponding author. Matsumoto University Graduate School of Health Science, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-1295, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rauschmeier R, Gustafsson C, Reinhardt A, A-Gonzalez N, Tortola L, Cansever D, Subramanian S, Taneja R, Rossner MJ, Sieweke MH, Greter M, Månsson R, Busslinger M, Kreslavsky T. Bhlhe40 and Bhlhe41 transcription factors regulate alveolar macrophage self-renewal and identity. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101233. [PMID: 31414712 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues in multicellular organisms are populated by resident macrophages, which perform both generic and tissue-specific functions. The latter are induced by signals from the microenvironment and rely on unique tissue-specific molecular programs requiring the combinatorial action of tissue-specific and broadly expressed transcriptional regulators. Here, we identify the transcription factors Bhlhe40 and Bhlhe41 as novel regulators of alveolar macrophages (AMs)-a population that provides the first line of immune defense and executes homeostatic functions in lung alveoli. In the absence of these factors, AMs exhibited decreased proliferation that resulted in a severe disadvantage of knockout AMs in a competitive setting. Gene expression analyses revealed a broad cell-intrinsic footprint of Bhlhe40/Bhlhe41 deficiency manifested by a downregulation of AM signature genes and induction of signature genes of other macrophage lineages. Genome-wide characterization of Bhlhe40 DNA binding suggested that these transcription factors directly repress the expression of lineage-inappropriate genes in AMs. Taken together, these results identify Bhlhe40 and Bhlhe41 as key regulators of AM self-renewal and guardians of their identity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- René Rauschmeier
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Charlotte Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Reinhardt
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noelia A-Gonzalez
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Luigi Tortola
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dilay Cansever
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sethuraman Subramanian
- CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtzgemeinschaft (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Moritz J Rossner
- Department of Psychiatry, Molecular Neurobiology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael H Sieweke
- CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtzgemeinschaft (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Månsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Hematology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meinrad Busslinger
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Taras Kreslavsky
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Single cell RNA-sequencing identified Dec2 as a suppressive factor for spermatogonial differentiation by inhibiting Sohlh1 expression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6063. [PMID: 30988352 PMCID: PMC6465314 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42578-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonocyte-to-spermatogonia transition is a critical fate determination process to initiate sperm production throughout the lifecycle. However, the molecular dynamics of this process has not been fully elucidated mainly due to the asynchronized differentiation stages of neonatal germ cells. In this study, we employed single cell RNA sequencing analyses of P1.5–5.5 germ cells to clarify the temporal dynamics of gene expression during gonocyte-to-spermatogonia transition. The analyses identified transcriptional modules, one of which regulates spermatogonial gene network in neonatal germ cells. Among them, we identified Dec2, a bHLH-type transcription factor, as a transcriptional repressor for a spermatogonial differentiation factor Sohlh1. Deficiency of Dec2 in mice induces significant reduction of undifferentiated spermatogonia, and transplantation assay using Dec2-depleted cells also demonstrated the impaired efficiency of engraftment, suggesting its role in maintaining spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Collectively, this study revealed the intrinsic role of a new SSC factor Dec2, which protects germ cells from inadequate differentiation during neonatal testis development.
Collapse
|
16
|
Otsuka A, Shiuchi T. Modification of Energy Metabolism and Higher Brain Function by Feeding Rhythm. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2018; 138:1297-1304. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Airi Otsuka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Tetsuya Shiuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nakashima A, Kawamoto T, Noshiro M, Ueno T, Doi S, Honda K, Maruhashi T, Noma K, Honma S, Masaki T, Higashi Y, Kato Y. Dec1 and CLOCK Regulate Na +/K +-ATPase β1 Subunit Expression and Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2018; 72:746-754. [PMID: 30012868 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Blood pressure shows a circadian rhythm, and recent studies have suggested the involvement of a molecular clock system in its control. In the clock system, the CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput):BMAL1 (brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein-1) heterodimer enhances promoter activity of clock genes, and DEC1 (BHLHE40/STRA13/SHARP-2) represses CLOCK/BMAL1-enhanced promoter activity through competition for binding to the clock element, CACGTG E-box. However, the molecular mechanisms by which this system regulates blood pressure remain unclear. Here, we show that DEC1 suppressed the expression of ATP1B1, which encodes the β1 subunit of the Na+/K+-ATPase and elevated blood pressure. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation-on-chip analyses, we found that DEC1 and CLOCK bound to E-boxes in the ATP1B1 promoter. Luciferase assays revealed that CLOCK:BMAL1 heterodimer enhanced transcription from the ATP1B1 promoter, whereas DEC1 suppressed this transactivation. Accordingly, Atp1b1 mRNA and protein levels in mouse kidney, aorta, and heart showed a circadian rhythm that was antiphasic to the blood pressure rhythm. Furthermore, Dec1-deficient mice showed enhanced Atp1b1 expression in these tissues and reduced blood pressure. In contrast, Clock-mutant mice showed reduced Atp1b1 expression and elevated blood pressure. Our results raise the possibility that transcriptional regulation of Atp1b1 by DEC1 and CLOCK:BMAL1 contributes to blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Nakashima
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (A.N., K.N., Y.H.)
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine (A.N.)
- Department of Nephrology (A.N., T.U., S.D., T. Masaki)
| | - Takeshi Kawamoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry (T.K., M.N., K.H., Y.K.)
| | - Mitsuhide Noshiro
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry (T.K., M.N., K.H., Y.K.)
| | | | - Shigehiro Doi
- Department of Nephrology (A.N., T.U., S.D., T. Masaki)
| | - Kiyomasa Honda
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry (T.K., M.N., K.H., Y.K.)
| | - Tatsuya Maruhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (T. Maruhashi), Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Kensuke Noma
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (A.N., K.N., Y.H.)
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research (K.N., Y.H.), Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Sato Honma
- Department of Chronomedicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (S.H.)
| | - Takao Masaki
- Department of Nephrology (A.N., T.U., S.D., T. Masaki)
| | - Yukihito Higashi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (A.N., K.N., Y.H.)
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research (K.N., Y.H.), Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry (T.K., M.N., K.H., Y.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Numata A, Kwok HS, Kawasaki A, Li J, Zhou QL, Kerry J, Benoukraf T, Bararia D, Li F, Ballabio E, Tapia M, Deshpande AJ, Welner RS, Delwel R, Yang H, Milne TA, Taneja R, Tenen DG. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor SHARP1 is an oncogenic driver in MLL-AF6 acute myelogenous leukemia. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1622. [PMID: 29692408 PMCID: PMC5915391 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) with MLL gene rearrangements demonstrate unique gene expression profiles driven by MLL-fusion proteins. Here, we identify the circadian clock transcription factor SHARP1 as a novel oncogenic target in MLL-AF6 AML, which has the worst prognosis among all subtypes of MLL-rearranged AMLs. SHARP1 is expressed solely in MLL-AF6 AML, and its expression is regulated directly by MLL-AF6/DOT1L. Suppression of SHARP1 induces robust apoptosis of human MLL-AF6 AML cells. Genetic deletion in mice delays the development of leukemia and attenuated leukemia-initiating potential, while sparing normal hematopoiesis. Mechanistically, SHARP1 binds to transcriptionally active chromatin across the genome and activates genes critical for cell survival as well as key oncogenic targets of MLL-AF6. Our findings demonstrate the unique oncogenic role for SHARP1 in MLL-AF6 AML. Gene fusions involving MLL and different partner genes define unique subgroups of acute myelogenous leukemia, but the mechanisms underlying specific subgroups are not fully clear. Here the authors elucidate the mechanisms of MLL-AF6 induced transformation, providing a distinct pathway that involves SHARP1 as a critical target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Numata
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Hui Si Kwok
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Akira Kawasaki
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Jia Li
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Qi-Ling Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Jon Kerry
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Touati Benoukraf
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Deepak Bararia
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Feng Li
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Erica Ballabio
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Marta Tapia
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | | | - Robert S Welner
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Ruud Delwel
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Thomas A Milne
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
| | - Daniel G Tenen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
The daily rhythm of mammalian energy metabolism is subject to the circadian clock system, which is made up of the molecular clock machinery residing in nearly all cells throughout the body. The clock genes have been revealed not only to form the molecular clock but also to function as a mediator that regulates both circadian and metabolic functions. While the circadian signals generated by clock genes produce metabolic rhythms, clock gene function is tightly coupled to fundamental metabolic processes such as glucose and lipid metabolism. Therefore, defects in the clock genes not only result in the dysregulation of physiological rhythms but also induce metabolic disorders including diabetes and obesity. Among the clock genes, Dec1 (Bhlhe40/Stra13/Sharp2), Dec2 (Bhlhe41/Sharp1), and Bmal1 (Mop3/Arntl) have been shown to be particularly relevant to the regulation of energy metabolism at the cellular, tissue, and organismal levels. This paper reviews our current knowledge of the roles of Dec1, Dec2, and Bmal1 in coordinating the circadian and metabolic pathways.
Collapse
|
20
|
Li YF, Altman RB. Systematic target function annotation of human transcription factors. BMC Biol 2018; 16:4. [PMID: 29325558 PMCID: PMC5795274 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transcription factors (TFs), the key players in transcriptional regulation, have attracted great experimental attention, yet the functions of most human TFs remain poorly understood. Recent capabilities in genome-wide protein binding profiling have stimulated systematic studies of the hierarchical organization of human gene regulatory network and DNA-binding specificity of TFs, shedding light on combinatorial gene regulation. We show here that these data also enable a systematic annotation of the biological functions and functional diversity of TFs. Result We compiled a human gene regulatory network for 384 TFs covering the 146,096 TF–target gene (TF–TG) relationships, extracted from over 850 ChIP-seq experiments as well as the literature. By integrating this network of TF–TF and TF–TG relationships with 3715 functional concepts from six sources of gene function annotations, we obtained over 9000 confident functional annotations for 279 TFs. We observe extensive connectivity between TFs and Mendelian diseases, GWAS phenotypes, and pharmacogenetic pathways. Further, we show that TFs link apparently unrelated functions, even when the two functions do not share common genes. Finally, we analyze the pleiotropic functions of TFs and suggest that the increased number of upstream regulators contributes to the functional pleiotropy of TFs. Conclusion Our computational approach is complementary to focused experimental studies on TF functions, and the resulting knowledge can guide experimental design for the discovery of unknown roles of TFs in human disease and drug response. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0469-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fuga Li
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Present address: Department of Bioinformatics, Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Russ B Altman
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ersoy AO, Oztas E, Ozler S, Tokmak A, Ersoy E, Ergin M, Danisman N. Maternal venous SHARP1 levels in preeclampsia. J Perinat Med 2017; 45:803-808. [PMID: 27845885 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2015-0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Owing to its mysterious etiology, pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) remains controversial. Here we aimed to compare the levels of an angiogenesis marker, split and hairy related protein-1 (SHARP1), in PE vs. normal pregnancy. METHODS Thirty-one patients with early-onset PE (EOPE), 26 patients with late-onset PE (LOPE), and 33 patients as a control group were recruited for this study in a tertiary referral center in Ankara, Turkey. Maternal venous SHARP1 levels and individual characteristics of the three groups were compared. RESULTS Age and body mass indices were similar among the three groups. SHARP1 levels in patients with PE (27.7±13.2 ng/mL) were significantly lower than in the control group (34.7±17 ng/mL) (P=0.006). Additionally, SHARP1 levels were significantly different among patients in EOPE, LOPE, and control groups (P=0.022). Birth weights and Apgar scores in patients in EOPE group were significantly lower than the other two groups and showed a gradual increase from the EOPE group to the LOPE and the control group. Binary logistic regression method demonstrated that maternal venous SHARP1 level was a risk factor for PE. CONCLUSIONS Maternal venous SHARP1 levels in PE are lower than a normal pregnancy. Its clinical applicability and role as a candidate for making sense of the distinctive pathogenesis of the EOPE and LOPE remain to be elucidated.
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The expression of clock genes ARNTL2, NPAS2 and DEC2 are disturbed in rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease with circadian variation of symptoms. We have shown that TNF is a potent inducer of these genes. We investigated the regulation of ARNTL2 and NPAS2 by TNF and elucidated their effect on other clock gene expressions. Additionally, we studied the effect of DEC1 and DEC2 on ARNTL, ARNTL2 and NPAS2. Cultured primary human fibroblasts were stimulated with TNF and the effects on ARNTL2 and NPAS2 were studied with RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence staining. The role of NF-κB was analyzed using IKK-2 inhibitor IMD-0354. TNF promoted ARNTL2 localization into the nuclei. Similar to DEC2, the effects of TNF on ARNTL2 and NPAS2 expressions were mediated via NF-κB. Cloned ARNTL, ARNTL2, NPAS2, DEC1 and DEC2 were transfected into HEK293. The ARNTL2/NPAS2 dimer was a weaker inducer of PER3 and DBP than ARNTL/NPAS2. ARNTL2 and NPAS2 are regulated by TNF via the same mechanism as DEC2. Compared to their paralogs they have unique effects on other circadian components. Our data suggest that these genes are responsible, at least in fibroblasts, for the accurate adaptation of circadian timekeeping in individual cells during inflammation.
Collapse
|
23
|
Kiehn JT, Tsang AH, Heyde I, Leinweber B, Kolbe I, Leliavski A, Oster H. Circadian Rhythms in Adipose Tissue Physiology. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:383-427. [PMID: 28333377 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The different types of adipose tissues fulfill a wide range of biological functions-from energy storage to hormone secretion and thermogenesis-many of which show pronounced variations over the course of the day. Such 24-h rhythms in physiology and behavior are coordinated by endogenous circadian clocks found in all tissues and cells, including adipocytes. At the molecular level, these clocks are based on interlocked transcriptional-translational feedback loops comprised of a set of clock genes/proteins. Tissue-specific clock-controlled transcriptional programs translate time-of-day information into physiologically relevant signals. In adipose tissues, clock gene control has been documented for adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, lipid metabolism as well as endocrine function and other adipose oscillations are under control of systemic signals tied to endocrine, neuronal, or behavioral rhythms. Circadian rhythm disruption, for example, by night shift work or through genetic alterations, is associated with changes in adipocyte metabolism and hormone secretion. At the same time, adipose metabolic state feeds back to central and peripheral clocks, adjusting behavioral and physiological rhythms. In this overview article, we summarize our current knowledge about the crosstalk between circadian clocks and energy metabolism with a focus on adipose physiology. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:383-427, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana-Thabea Kiehn
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anthony H Tsang
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Isabel Heyde
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Brinja Leinweber
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Isa Kolbe
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexei Leliavski
- Institute of Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mendoza-Viveros L, Bouchard-Cannon P, Hegazi S, Cheng AH, Pastore S, Cheng HYM. Molecular modulators of the circadian clock: lessons from flies and mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1035-1059. [PMID: 27689221 PMCID: PMC11107503 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Circadian timekeeping is a ubiquitous mechanism that enables organisms to maintain temporal coordination between internal biological processes and time of the local environment. The molecular basis of circadian rhythms lies in a set of transcription-translation feedback loops (TTFLs) that drives the rhythmic transcription of core clock genes, whose level and phase of expression serve as the marker of circadian time. However, it has become increasingly evident that additional regulatory mechanisms impinge upon the TTFLs to govern the properties and behavior of the circadian clock. Such mechanisms include changes in chromatin architecture, interactions with other transcription factor networks, post-transcriptional control by RNA modifications, alternative splicing and microRNAs, and post-translational regulation of subcellular trafficking and protein degradation. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of circadian clock regulation-from transcriptional to post-translational-drawing from literature pertaining to the Drosophila and murine circadian systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mendoza-Viveros
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Pascale Bouchard-Cannon
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Sara Hegazi
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Arthur H Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Stephen Pastore
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Hai-Ying Mary Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada.
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Essential role for the transcription factor Bhlhe41 in regulating the development, self-renewal and BCR repertoire of B-1a cells. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:442-455. [PMID: 28250425 PMCID: PMC5363839 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Innate-like B-1a cells provide a first line of defense against pathogens, yet little is known about their transcriptional control. Here we identified an essential role of the transcription factor Bhlhe41, with a lesser contribution of Bhlhe40, in controlling late stages of B-1a cell differentiation. Bhlhe41–/–Bhlhe40–/– B-1a cells were severely reduced as compared to their wild-type counterparts. Mutant B-1a cells exhibited an abnormal cell-surface phenotype and altered B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoire exemplified by loss of the phosphatidylcholine-specific VH12/Vκ4 BCR. Expression of a pre-rearranged VH12/Vκ4 BCR failed to rescue the mutant phenotype and revealed enhanced proliferation accompanied with increased cell death. Bhlhe41 directly repressed the expression of cell cycle regulators and inhibitors of BCR signaling, while enabling pro-survival cytokine signaling. Thus, Bhlhe41 controls the development, BCR repertoire and self-renewal of B-1a cells.
Collapse
|
26
|
Srdanović S, Þorsteinsson H, Friðriksson Þ, Pétursson SÓ, Maier VH, Karlsson KÆ. Transient knock-down of kcna2 reduces sleep in larval zebrafish. Behav Brain Res 2017; 326:13-21. [PMID: 28223099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the current study we set out to determine the effects of morpholino oligonucleotide (MO) knock-down of kcna2 on sleep-wake cycles in zebrafish. The results were compared to a non-overlapping MO injection, Dec2, who's mutant is also linked with a short sleep phenotype. Four groups of fish were used in the experiment: naïve fish, and fish injected with either control, kcna2, or Dec2 MO. All groups underwent 24-h behavioral monitoring of sleep-wake cycles at four and seven days-post-fertilization (dpf). First, we established an immobility dependent, sleep related, increase in arousal thresholds at both 4 and 7 dpf. Secondly, we show that kcna2 MO injected fish exhibit significantly less sleep behavior than controls and naïve fish, whereas Dec2 MO injections had similar but less severe effects. Finally, using kcna2 MO injected fish only, we turn to local field recordings at the level of the telencephalon and tectum opticum and rule out that the knock-down resulted in a non-specific increase in neural excitability that would mask sleep behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Þ Friðriksson
- Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Læknagarður, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - S Ó Pétursson
- Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Læknagarður, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - V H Maier
- Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Læknagarður, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - K Æ Karlsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kanai Y, Asano K, Komatsu Y, Takagi K, Ono M, Tanaka T, Tomita K, Haneishi A, Tsukada A, Yamada K. Induction of the SHARP-2 mRNA level by insulin is mediated by multiple signaling pathways. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:256-261. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1249450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The rat enhancer of split- and hairy-related protein-2 (SHARP-2) is an insulin-inducible transcription factor which represses transcription of the rat phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene. In this study, a regulatory mechanism of the SHARP-2 mRNA level by insulin was analyzed. Insulin rapidly induced the level of SHARP-2 mRNA. This induction was blocked by inhibitors for phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-K), protein kinase C (PKC), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), actinomycin D, and cycloheximide. Whereas an adenovirus infection expressing a dominant negative form of atypical PKC lambda (aPKCλ) blocked the insulin-induction of the SHARP-2 mRNA level, insulin rapidly activated the mTOR. Insulin did not enhance transcriptional activity from a 3.7 kb upstream region of the rat SHARP-2 gene. Thus, we conclude that insulin induces the expression of the rat SHARP-2 gene at the transcription level via both a PI 3-K/aPKCλ- and a PI 3-K/mTOR- pathways and that protein synthesis is required for this induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kanai
- Graduate School of Health Science, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Asano
- Faculty of Human Health Science, Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Komatsu
- Graduate School of Health Science, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Takagi
- Graduate School of Health Science, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto, Japan
- Faculty of Human Health Science, Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Moe Ono
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Japan
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Japan
| | - Koji Tomita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Japan
| | - Ayumi Haneishi
- Faculty of Human Health Science, Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Tsukada
- Faculty of Human Health Science, Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamada
- Graduate School of Health Science, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto, Japan
- Faculty of Human Health Science, Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li XM, Lin W, Wang J, Zhang W, Yin AA, Huang Y, Zhang J, Yao L, Bian H, Zhang J, Zhang X. Dec1 expression predicts prognosis and the response to temozolomide chemotherapy in patients with glioma. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:5626-5636. [PMID: 27840944 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated embryo chondrocyte expressed gene 1 (Dec1), a crucial cell differentiation mediator and apoptosis inhibitor, is abundantly expressed in various types of human cancer and is associated with malignant tumor progression. As poor differentiation and low apoptosis are closely associated with poor survival rates and a poor response to radio/chemotherapy in patients with cancer, the prognostic value of Dec1 expression was examined in the present study and its correlation with response to temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy was analyzed in patients with glioma. Dec1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 157 samples of newly diagnosed glioma and 63 recurrent glioblastoma cases that relapsed during TMZ chemotherapy. Correlations with clinical variables, prognosis and the response to TMZ chemotherapy were analyzed in the newly diagnosed gliomas. Dec1 expression was also compared with the apoptosis index determined by TdT‑mediated dUTP nick ending‑labeling assay in recurrent glioblastomas. The antiglioma effect of TMZ in nude mice xenografts with Dec1 expression was examined in vivo. High expression of Dec1, which was significantly associated with high pathological tumor grade and poor response to TMZ chemotherapy, was demonstrated to be an unfavorable independent prognostic factor and predicted poor survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioma. In patients with recurrent glioblastoma, there was a negative correlation between Dec1 expression and the apoptotic index. In nude mice treated with TMZ, Dec1 overexpression potentiated proliferation, but attenuated TMZ‑induced apoptosis. In conclusion, Dec1 is a prognostic factor for the clinical outcome and a predictive factor for the response to TMZ chemotherapy in patients with glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - An-An Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Center of Teaching Experiment, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Libo Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Center of Teaching Experiment, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Huan Bian
- Cadet Brigade Team Three, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Center of Teaching Experiment, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhou J, Yu W, Hardin PE. CLOCKWORK ORANGE Enhances PERIOD Mediated Rhythms in Transcriptional Repression by Antagonizing E-box Binding by CLOCK-CYCLE. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006430. [PMID: 27814361 PMCID: PMC5096704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila circadian oscillator controls daily rhythms in physiology, metabolism and behavior via transcriptional feedback loops. CLOCK-CYCLE (CLK-CYC) heterodimers initiate feedback loop function by binding E-box elements to activate per and tim transcription. PER-TIM heterodimers then accumulate, bind CLK-CYC to inhibit transcription, and are ultimately degraded to enable the next round of transcription. The timing of transcriptional events in this feedback loop coincide with, and are controlled by, rhythms in CLK-CYC binding to E-boxes. PER rhythmically binds CLK-CYC to initiate transcriptional repression, and subsequently promotes the removal of CLK-CYC from E-boxes. However, little is known about the mechanism by which CLK-CYC is removed from DNA. Previous studies demonstrated that the transcription repressor CLOCKWORK ORANGE (CWO) contributes to core feedback loop function by repressing per and tim transcription in cultured S2 cells and in flies. Here we show that CWO rhythmically binds E-boxes upstream of core clock genes in a reciprocal manner to CLK, thereby promoting PER-dependent removal of CLK-CYC from E-boxes, and maintaining repression until PER is degraded and CLK-CYC displaces CWO from E-boxes to initiate transcription. These results suggest a model in which CWO co-represses CLK-CYC transcriptional activity in conjunction with PER by competing for E-box binding once CLK-CYC-PER complexes have formed. Given that CWO orthologs DEC1 and DEC2 also target E-boxes bound by CLOCK-BMAL1, a similar mechanism may operate in the mammalian clock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wangjie Yu
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Paul E. Hardin
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Košir R, Prosenc Zmrzljak U, Korenčič A, Juvan P, Ačimovič J, Rozman D. Mouse genotypes drive the liver and adrenal gland clocks. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31955. [PMID: 27535584 PMCID: PMC4989183 DOI: 10.1038/srep31955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate a plethora of physiological processes. Perturbations of the rhythm can result in pathologies which are frequently studied in inbred mouse strains. We show that the genotype of mouse lines defines the circadian gene expression patterns. Expression of majority of core clock and output metabolic genes are phase delayed in the C56BL/6J line compared to 129S2 in the adrenal glands and the liver. Circadian amplitudes are generally higher in the 129S2 line. Experiments in dark - dark (DD) and light - dark conditions (LD), exome sequencing and data mining proposed that mouse lines differ in single nucleotide variants in the binding regions of clock related transcription factors in open chromatin regions. A possible mechanisms of differential circadian expression could be the entrainment and transmission of the light signal to peripheral organs. This is supported by the genotype effect in adrenal glands that is largest under LD, and by the high number of single nucleotide variants in the Receptor, Kinase and G-protein coupled receptor Panther molecular function categories. Different phenotypes of the two mouse lines and changed amino acid sequence of the Period 2 protein possibly contribute further to the observed differences in circadian gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rok Košir
- Center for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 4, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uršula Prosenc Zmrzljak
- Center for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 4, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Korenčič
- Center for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 4, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Juvan
- Center for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 4, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jure Ačimovič
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 4, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Rozman
- Center for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 4, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 4, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kong Y, Wang Z, Jia Y, Li P, Hao S, Wang Y. Effects of mutants in bHLH region on structure stability and protein-DNA binding energy in DECs. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:1849-1862. [PMID: 27499354 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1196463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kong
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhang Qiu People Hospital, No. 1920 Huiquan Road, Zhangqiu 250200, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Jia
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Shuhua Hao
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tsang AH, Astiz M, Friedrichs M, Oster H. Endocrine regulation of circadian physiology. J Endocrinol 2016; 230:R1-R11. [PMID: 27106109 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous circadian clocks regulate 24-h rhythms of behavior and physiology to align with external time. The endocrine system serves as a major clock output to regulate various biological processes. Recent findings suggest that some of the rhythmic hormones can also provide feedback to the circadian system at various levels, thus contributing to maintaining the robustness of endogenous rhythmicity. This delicate balance of clock-hormone interaction is vulnerable to modern lifestyle factors such as shiftwork or high-calorie diets, altering physiological set points. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the communication between the circadian timing and endocrine systems, with a focus on adrenal glucocorticoids and metabolic peptide hormones. We explore the potential role of hormones as systemic feedback signals to adjust clock function and their relevance for the maintenance of physiological and metabolic circadian homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Astiz
- Medical Department IUniversity of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Henrik Oster
- Medical Department IUniversity of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sasamoto T, Fujimoto K, Kanawa M, Kimura J, Takeuchi J, Harada N, Goto N, Kawamoto T, Noshiro M, Suardita K, Tanne K, Kato Y. DEC2 is a negative regulator for the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocyte lineage-committed mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:876-84. [PMID: 27430159 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated embryo chondrocyte 2 (DEC2) is a basic helix-loop-helix-Orange transcription factor that regulates cell differentiation in various mammalian tissues. DEC2 has been shown to suppress the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into myocytes and adipocytes. In the present study, we examined the role of DEC2 in the chondrogenic differentiation of human MSCs. The overexpression of DEC2 exerted minimal effects on the proliferation of MSCs in monolayer cultures with the growth medium under undifferentiating conditions, whereas it suppressed increases in DNA content, glycosaminoglycan content, and the expression of several chondrocyte-related genes, including aggrecan and type X collagen alpha 1, in MSC pellets in centrifuge tubes under chondrogenic conditions. In the pellets exposed to chondrogenesis induction medium, DEC2 overexpression downregulated the mRNA expression of fibroblast growth factor 18, which is involved in the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes, and upregulated the expression of p16INK4, which is a cell cycle inhibitor. These findings suggest that DEC2 is a negative regulator of the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocyte lineage-committed mesenchymal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Sasamoto
- Department of Orthodontic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Katsumi Fujimoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masami Kanawa
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Junko Kimura
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Junpei Takeuchi
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Naoko Harada
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Noriko Goto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawamoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Mitsuhide Noshiro
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Ketut Suardita
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanne
- Department of Orthodontic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhou ZH, Wang B, Cheng XB, Zhang XE, Tang J, Tang WJ, Gu L. Roles of SHARP1 in thyroid cancer. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:5365-71. [PMID: 27121679 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SHARP1 is a basic helix‑loop‑helix transcription factor involved in various cellular processes, including proliferation and differentiation. The present study assessed the role of SHARP1 in the progression and invasion of thyroid cancer. PCR and western blot analysis demonstrated that in thyroid cancer tissues, SHARP1 was significantly downregulated at the mRNA and protein level compared with that in normal tissues. Furthermore, SHARP1 was downregulated in the TT and TPC‑1 thyroid cancer cell lines compared with a normal thyroid cell line, while it was upregulated in other thyroid cancer cell lines. Overexpression of SHARP1 in TT and TPC‑1 cells significantly inhibited the cell viability, migration and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, the protein and mRNA levels of HIF‑1α were found to be decreased in TT and TPC‑1 cells following forced overexpression of SHARP1. In addition, silencing of HIF‑1α reduced the viability, migration and invasion of TT and TPC-1 cells. In conclusion, the present study indicated that SHARP1 acts as a tumor suppressor in thyroid cancer and that its downregulation may contribute to the proliferation, migration and invasion of thyroid cancer cells through mechanisms possibly involving HIF‑1α, suggesting that SHARP1 may be an important therapeutic target for the treatment of thyroid cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zun-Hai Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Yangpu Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Yangpu Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Yangpu Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Xuan-E Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Yangpu Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Yangpu Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jia Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Yangpu Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Lei Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Yangpu Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sato F, Bhawal UK, Yoshimura T, Muragaki Y. DEC1 and DEC2 Crosstalk between Circadian Rhythm and Tumor Progression. J Cancer 2016; 7:153-9. [PMID: 26819638 PMCID: PMC4716847 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clock genes, major regulators of circadian rhythm, are involved in tumor progression. We have shown that clock genes basic helix-loop-helix (BHLH) transcription factors, differentiated embryonic chondrocyte gene 1 (DEC1/BHLHE40/Sharp2/Stra13) and DEC2 (BHLHE41/Sharp1) play important roles in circadian rhythm, cell proliferation, apoptosis, hypoxia response, various stresses, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. Various stresses, such as exposure to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), hypoxia, cytokines, serum-free, and anti-tumor drugs affect DEC1 and DEC2 expression. An increased or decreased expression of DEC1 and DEC2 regulated tumor progression. However, DEC1 and DEC2 have opposite effects in tumor progression, where the reason behind remains unclear. We found that DEC2 has circadian expression in implanted mouse sarcoma cells, suggesting that DEC2 regulates tumor progression under circadian rhythm. In addition to that, we showed that DEC1 and DEC2 regulate target genes via positive or negative feedback system in tumor progression. We propose that DEC1 and DEC2 act as an accelerator or a brake in tumor progression. In this review, we summarize current progress of knowledge in the function of DEC1 and DEC2 genes in tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuki Sato
- 1. Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Ujjal K. Bhawal
- 2. Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yoshimura
- 1. Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Muragaki
- 1. Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sato F, Muragaki Y, Zhang Y. DEC1 negatively regulates AMPK activity via LKB1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:711-6. [PMID: 26498531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor DEC1 (bHLHE40/Stra13/Sharp2) is one of the clock genes that show a circadian rhythm in various tissues. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity plays important roles in the metabolic process and in cell death induced by glucose depletion. Recent reports have shown that AMPK activity exhibited a circadian rhythm. However, little is known regarding the regulatory mechanisms involved in the circadian rhythm of AMPK activity. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a direct correlation between DEC1 expression and AMPK activity. DEC1 protein and AMPK activity showed a circadian rhythm in the mouse liver with different peak levels. Knocking down DEC1 expression increased AMPK activity, whereas overexpression of DEC1 decreased it. Overexpressing the DEC1 basic mutants had little effect on the AMPK activity. DEC1 bound to the E-box of the LKB1 promoter, decreased LKB1 activity and total protein levels. There was an inverse relationship between DEC1 expression and AMPK activity. Our results suggest that DEC1 negatively regulates AMPK activity via LKB1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuki Sato
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.
| | - Yasuteru Muragaki
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tanoue S, Fujimoto K, Myung J, Hatanaka F, Kato Y, Takumi T. DEC2-E4BP4 Heterodimer Represses the Transcriptional Enhancer Activity of the EE Element in the Per2 Promoter. Front Neurol 2015; 6:166. [PMID: 26257703 PMCID: PMC4512152 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian oscillation of clock gene expression in mammals is based on the interconnected transcriptional/translational feedback loops of Period (Per) and Bmal1. The Per feedback loop initiates transcription through direct binding of the BMAL1–CLOCK (NPAS2) heterodimer to the E-box of the Per2 promoter region. Negative feedback of PER protein on this promoter subsequently represses transcription. Other circadian transcription regulators, particularly E4BP4 and DEC2, regulate the amplitude and phase of Per2 expression rhythms. Moreover, a direct repeat of E-box-like (EE) elements in the Per2 promoter is required for its cell-autonomous circadian rhythm. However, the detailed mechanism for repression of the two core sequences of the EE element in the Per2 promoter region is unknown. Here, we show that E4BP4 binds to the Per2 EE element with DEC2 to repress transcription and identify the DEC2–E4BP4 heterodimer as a key repressor of the tightly interlocked Per2 feedback loop in the mammalian circadian oscillator. Our results suggest an additional modulatory mechanism for tuning of the phase of cell-autonomous Per2 gene expression cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Tanoue
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Katsumi Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Jihwan Myung
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima , Japan ; RIKEN Brain Science Institute , Wako, Saitama , Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Hatanaka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima , Japan ; RIKEN Brain Science Institute , Wako, Saitama , Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Toru Takumi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima , Japan ; RIKEN Brain Science Institute , Wako, Saitama , Japan ; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency , Tokyo , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Enhanced memory consolidation in mice lacking the circadian modulators Sharp1 and -2 caused by elevated Igf2 signaling in the cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E3582-9. [PMID: 26100875 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1423989112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bHLH transcription factors SHARP1 and SHARP2 are partially redundant modulators of the circadian system. SHARP1/DEC2 has been shown to control sleep length in humans and sleep architecture is also altered in double mutant mice (S1/2(-/-)). Because of the importance of sleep for memory consolidation, we investigated the role of SHARP1 and SHARP2 in cognitive processing. S1/2(-/-) mice show enhanced cortex (Cx)-dependent remote fear memory formation as well as improved reversal learning, but do not display alterations in hippocampus (Hi)-dependent recent fear memory formation. SHARP1 and SHARP2 single null mutants do not display any cognitive phenotype supporting functional redundancy of both factors. Molecular and biochemical analyses revealed elevated insulin-related growth factor 2 (IGF2) signaling and increased phosphorylation of MAPK and S6 in the Cx but not the Hi of S1/2(-/-) mice. No changes were detected in single mutants. Moreover, adeno-associated virus type 2-mediated IGF2 overexpression in the anterior cingulate cortex enhanced remote fear memory formation and the analysis of forebrain-specific double null mutants of the Insulin and IGF1 receptors revealed their essential function for memory formation. Impaired fear memory formation in aged S1/2(-/-) mice indicates that elevated IGF2 signaling in the long term, however, has a negative impact on cognitive processing. In summary, we conclude that the bHLH transcription factors SHARP1 and SHARP2 are involved in cognitive processing by controlling Igf2 expression and associated signaling cascades. Our analyses provide evidence that the control of sleep and memory consolidation may share common molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
|
39
|
Nohara K, Yoo SH, Chen Z(J. Manipulating the circadian and sleep cycles to protect against metabolic disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:35. [PMID: 25852644 PMCID: PMC4369727 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Modernization of human society parallels an epidemic of metabolic disorders including obesity. Apart from excess caloric intake, a 24/7 lifestyle poses another important challenge to our metabolic health. Recent research under both laboratory and epidemiological settings has indicated that abnormal temporal organization of sleep and wakeful activities including food intake is a significant risk factor for metabolic disease. The circadian clock system is our intrinsic biological timer that regulates internal rhythms such as the sleep/wake cycle and also responses to external stimuli including light and food. Initially thought to be mainly involved in the timing of sleep, the clock, and/or clock genes may also play a role in sleep architecture and homeostasis. Importantly, an extensive body of evidence has firmly established a master regulatory role of the clock in energy balance. Together, a close relationship between well-timed circadian/sleep cycles and metabolic health is emerging. Exploiting this functional connection, an important holistic strategy toward curbing the epidemic of metabolic disorders (e.g., obesity) involves corrective measures on the circadian clock and sleep. In addition to behavioral and environmental interventions including meal timing and light control, pharmacological agents targeting sleep and circadian clocks promise convenient and effective applications. Recent studies, for example, have reported small molecules targeting specific clock components and displaying robust beneficial effects on sleep and metabolism. Furthermore, a group of clock-amplitude-enhancing small molecules (CEMs) identified via high-throughput chemical screens are of particular interest for future in vivo studies of their metabolic and sleep efficacies. Elucidating the functional relationship between clock, sleep, and metabolism will also have far-reaching implications for various chronic human diseases and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Nohara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zheng (Jake) Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- *Correspondence: Zheng (Jake) Chen, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 6.200, Houston, TX 77030, USA e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Baier PC, Brzózka MM, Shahmoradi A, Reinecke L, Kroos C, Wichert SP, Oster H, Wehr MC, Taneja R, Hirrlinger J, Rossner MJ. Mice lacking the circadian modulators SHARP1 and SHARP2 display altered sleep and mixed state endophenotypes of psychiatric disorders. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110310. [PMID: 25340473 PMCID: PMC4207740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that clock genes may be implicated in a spectrum of psychiatric diseases, including sleep and mood related disorders as well as schizophrenia. The bHLH transcription factors SHARP1/DEC2/BHLHE41 and SHARP2/DEC1/BHLHE40 are modulators of the circadian system and SHARP1/DEC2/BHLHE40 has been shown to regulate homeostatic sleep drive in humans. In this study, we characterized Sharp1 and Sharp2 double mutant mice (S1/2-/-) using online EEG recordings in living animals, behavioral assays and global gene expression profiling. EEG recordings revealed attenuated sleep/wake amplitudes and alterations of theta oscillations. Increased sleep in the dark phase is paralleled by reduced voluntary activity and cortical gene expression signatures reveal associations with psychiatric diseases. S1/2-/- mice display alterations in novelty induced activity, anxiety and curiosity. Moreover, mutant mice exhibit impaired working memory and deficits in prepulse inhibition resembling symptoms of psychiatric diseases. Network modeling indicates a connection between neural plasticity and clock genes, particularly for SHARP1 and PER1. Our findings support the hypothesis that abnormal sleep and certain (endo)phenotypes of psychiatric diseases may be caused by common mechanisms involving components of the molecular clock including SHARP1 and SHARP2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul C. Baier
- Department of Neurology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Ali Shahmoradi
- Research Group Gene Expression, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Reinecke
- Research Group Gene Expression, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christina Kroos
- Research Group Gene Expression, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven P. Wichert
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Circadian Rhythms Group, Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael C. Wehr
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johannes Hirrlinger
- Research Group Gene Expression, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Carl-Ludwig Institute of Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Moritz J. Rossner
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
- Research Group Gene Expression, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Liao Y, He X, Qiu H, Che Q, Wang F, Lu W, Chen Z, Qiu M, Wang J, Wang H, Wan X. Suppression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition by SHARP1 is linked to the NOTCH1 signaling pathway in metastasis of endometrial cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:487. [PMID: 24997474 PMCID: PMC4227067 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mechanisms governing the metastasis of endometrial cancer (EC) are poorly defined. Recent data support a role for Enhancer-of-split and hairy-related protein 1 (SHARP1), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription repressor, in regulating invasiveness and angiogenesis of several human cancers. However, the role of SHARP1 in metastasis of EC remains unclear. Methods Human EC cell lines (Ishikawa and HEC-1B) were used. SHARP1 was upregulated by lentivirus transduction, while intracellular domain of NOTCH1 (ICN) were upregulated by transient transfection with plasmids. Effects of SHARP1 on cell migration and invasion were evaluated by wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay. Experimental metastasis assay were performed in nude mice. Effects of SHAPR1 on protein levels of target genes were detected by western blotting. Furthermore, the association between SHARP1 and the NOTCH1/EMT pathway was further verified in EC tissue specimens by immunohistochemical analysis. Results Overexpression of SHARP1 in EC cells inhibited cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Exogenous SHARP1 overexpression affected the proteins levels of genes involved in EMT process and NOTCH1 signaling pathway. Upregulation of ICN in SHARP1-overexpressing Ishikawa cells induced cell migration and an EMT phenotype. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that SHARP1 protein levels were lower in metastatic EC than in primary tumors, and statistical analysis revealed correlations between levels of SHARP1 and markers of EMT and NOTCH1 signaling pathway in human EC tissue specimen. Conclusions This work supports a role for SHARP1 in suppressing EMT and metastasis in EC by attenuating NOTCH1 signaling. Therefore, SHARP1 may be a novel marker for lymphatic metastasis in EC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoping Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital Affiliated to Tong Ji University, No, 536, Changle Road, Shanghai 200080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Liao Y, Lu W, Che Q, Yang T, Qiu H, Zhang H, He X, Wang J, Qiu M, Zou Y, Gu W, Wan X. SHARP1 suppresses angiogenesis of endometrial cancer by decreasing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α level. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99907. [PMID: 24918449 PMCID: PMC4053412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data support a role for SHARP1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription repressor, in the regulation of malignant cell behavior in several human cancers. However, the expression and role of SHARP1 during the development of endometrial cancer (EC) remain unclear. Here we show that upregulation of SHARP1 suppressed tumor angiogenesis by decreasing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), inhibited cell viability and tumor growth in EC. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of SHARP1 was negatively correlated with tumor stage, histological grade, myometrial invasion, lymph node metastasis, blood vessel permeation in the myometrium and HIF-1α expression. Mechanistic studies showed that SHARP1 interacted with HIF-1α physically, and the protein level of HIF-1α and the mRNA level of its target genes (VEGFA, ANGPTL4 and CA9) were decreased by SHARP1 under hypoxia. Upregulation of SHARP1 in EC impeded hypoxia-induced angiogenesis by reducing VEGF secretion. Immunohistochemical analysis verified a correlation between decreased SHARP1 expression and increased microvessel density in EC tissues. Additionally, SHARP1 inhibited cell viability in EC cell lines. Overexpression of SHARP1 in vivo inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis, and decreased HIF-1α expression. In this study, we established SHARP1 as a novel tumor suppressor of EC and shed light on the mechanisms by how SHARP1 inhibited EC progression. Therefore, SHARP1 may be a valuable prognostic biomarker for EC progression and shows promise as a new potential target for antiangiogenic therapeutics in human EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Che
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Departments of Pathology and Biobank, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiting Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingfen Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (WG); (XW)
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (WG); (XW)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Allen MS, Ferguson MM, Danzmann RG. Molecular markers for variation in spawning date in a hatchery population of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 16:289-298. [PMID: 24114565 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-013-9547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We examined the distribution of alleles at 63 microsatellite loci distributed across 29 linkage groups in broodstock females from a commercial population of rainbow trout spawning on different dates throughout the season (August to January). A total of 368 females, 184 and 117 females from each of the tail-ends of the spawning distribution and a subsample of 67 females spawning in the middle, were used to detect marker-trait associations. Twenty-one loci in a subset of genomic regions (RT-5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 22, 23, 24, 25, 29, 30, and 31) were significantly associated with variation in spawning date. Many of these markers localize to regions with known spawning date quantitative trait loci based on previous studies. An individual assignment analysis was used to test how well the molecular data could be used to assign individuals to their correct spawning group, and markers were given a ranking reflecting their contribution to the accuracy of assignment. The top 15 ranked markers were successful at assigning the majority of females to the correct spawning group based on genotype with an average accuracy of 76 %. The most likely genes that could contribute to these differences in spawning date are discussed. Together, these data indicate that the loci could be incorporated into a selection index with phenotype data to increase the accuracy of selection for spawning date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Allen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Humans as diurnal beings are active during the day and rest at night. This daily oscillation of behavior and physiology is driven by an endogenous circadian clock not environmental cues. In modern societies, changes in lifestyle have led to a frequent disruption of the endogenous circadian homeostasis leading to increased risk of various diseases including cancer. The clock is operated by the feedback loops of circadian genes and controls daily physiology by coupling cell proliferation and metabolism, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis in peripheral tissues with physical activity, energy homeostasis, immune and neuroendocrine functions at the organismal level. Recent studies have revealed that defects in circadian genes due to targeted gene ablation in animal models or single nucleotide polymorphism, deletion, deregulation and/or epigenetic silencing in humans are closely associated with increased risk of cancer. In addition, disruption of circadian rhythm can disrupt the molecular clock in peripheral tissues in the absence of circadian gene mutations. Circadian disruption has recently been recognized as an independent cancer risk factor. Further study of the mechanism of clock-controlled tumor suppression will have a significant impact on human health by improving the efficiencies of cancer prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Kettner
- Department of Pediatrics/U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service/ Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX , USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Functional development of the circadian clock in the zebrafish pineal gland. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:235781. [PMID: 24839600 PMCID: PMC4009245 DOI: 10.1155/2014/235781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish constitutes a powerful model organism with unique advantages for investigating the vertebrate circadian timing system and its regulation by light. In particular, the remarkably early and rapid development of the zebrafish circadian system has facilitated exploring the factors that control the onset of circadian clock function during embryogenesis. Here, we review our understanding of the molecular basis underlying functional development of the central clock in the zebrafish pineal gland. Furthermore, we examine how the directly light-entrainable clocks in zebrafish cell lines have facilitated unravelling the general mechanisms underlying light-induced clock gene expression. Finally, we summarize how analysis of the light-induced transcriptome and miRNome of the zebrafish pineal gland has provided insight into the regulation of the circadian system by light, including the involvement of microRNAs in shaping the kinetics of light- and clock-regulated mRNA expression. The relative contributions of the pineal gland central clock and the distributed peripheral oscillators to the synchronization of circadian rhythms at the whole animal level are a crucial question that still remains to be elucidated in the zebrafish model.
Collapse
|
46
|
Ben-Moshe Z, Alon S, Mracek P, Faigenbloom L, Tovin A, Vatine GD, Eisenberg E, Foulkes NS, Gothilf Y. The light-induced transcriptome of the zebrafish pineal gland reveals complex regulation of the circadian clockwork by light. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:3750-67. [PMID: 24423866 PMCID: PMC3973289 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Light constitutes a primary signal whereby endogenous circadian clocks are synchronized ('entrained') with the day/night cycle. The molecular mechanisms underlying this vital process are known to require gene activation, yet are incompletely understood. Here, the light-induced transcriptome in the zebrafish central clock organ, the pineal gland, was characterized by messenger RNA (mRNA) sequencing (mRNA-seq) and microarray analyses, resulting in the identification of multiple light-induced mRNAs. Interestingly, a considerable portion of the molecular clock (14 genes) is light-induced in the pineal gland. Four of these genes, encoding the transcription factors dec1, reverbb1, e4bp4-5 and e4bp4-6, differentially affected clock- and light-regulated promoter activation, suggesting that light-input is conveyed to the core clock machinery via diverse mechanisms. Moreover, we show that dec1, as well as the core clock gene per2, is essential for light-entrainment of rhythmic locomotor activity in zebrafish larvae. Additionally, we used microRNA (miRNA) sequencing (miR-seq) and identified pineal-enhanced and light-induced miRNAs. One such miRNA, miR-183, is shown to downregulate e4bp4-6 mRNA through a 3'UTR target site, and importantly, to regulate the rhythmic mRNA levels of aanat2, the key enzyme in melatonin synthesis. Together, this genome-wide approach and functional characterization of light-induced factors indicate a multi-level regulation of the circadian clockwork by light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Ben-Moshe
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany and Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kato Y, Kawamoto T, Fujimoto K, Noshiro M. DEC1/STRA13/SHARP2 and DEC2/SHARP1 coordinate physiological processes, including circadian rhythms in response to environmental stimuli. Curr Top Dev Biol 2014; 110:339-72. [PMID: 25248482 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405943-6.00010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Daily physiological and behavioral rhythms are regulated by endogenous circadian molecular clocks. Clock proteins DEC1 (BHLHe40) and DEC2 (BHLHe41) belong to the basic helix-loop-helix protein superfamily, which contains other clock proteins CLOCK and BMAL1. DEC1 and DEC2 are induced by CLOCK:BMAL1 heterodimer via the CACGTG E-box in the promoter and, thereafter, suppress their own expression by competing with CLOCK:BMAL1 for the DNA binding. This negative feedback DEC loop together with the PER loop involving PER and CRY, the other negative clock regulators, maintains the circadian rhythm of Dec1 and Dec2 expression. DEC1 is induced by light pulse and adjusts the circadian phase of the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, whereas DEC1 upregulation by TGF-β resets the circadian phase of the peripheral clocks in tissues. Furthermore, DEC1 and DEC2 modulate the clock output signals to control circadian rhythms in behavior and metabolism. In addition to the functions in the clocks, DEC1 and DEC2 are involved in hypoxia responses, immunological reactions, and carcinogenesis. These DEC actions are mediated by the direct binding to the E-box elements in target genes or by protein-protein interactions with transcription factors such as HIF-1α, RXRα, MyoD, and STAT. Notably, numerous growth factors, hormones, and cytokines, along with ionizing radiation and DNA-damaging agents, induce Dec1 and/or Dec2 in a tissue-specific manner. These findings suggest that DEC1 and DEC2 play a critical role in animal adaptation to various environmental stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Kato
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Kawamoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Katsumi Fujimoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuhide Noshiro
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ow JR, Tan YH, Jin Y, Bahirvani AG, Taneja R. Stra13 and Sharp-1, the Non-Grouchy Regulators of Development and Disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2014; 110:317-38. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405943-6.00009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
49
|
Acharjee S, Chung TK, Gopinadhan S, Shankar SR, Wang Y, Li L, Vercherat C, Gulbagci NT, Rossner M, Taneja R. Sharp-1 regulates TGF-β signaling and skeletal muscle regeneration. J Cell Sci 2013; 127:599-608. [PMID: 24357723 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.136648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sharp-1 is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional repressor that is involved in a number of cellular processes. Our previous studies have demonstrated that Sharp-1 is a negative regulator of skeletal myogenesis and it blocks differentiation of muscle precursor cells by modulating the activity of MyoD. In order to understand its role in pre- and post-natal myogenesis, we assessed skeletal muscle development and freeze-injury-induced regeneration in Sharp-1-deficient mice. We show that embryonic skeletal muscle development is not impaired in the absence of Sharp-1; however, post-natally, the regenerative capacity is compromised. Although the initial phases of injury-induced regeneration proceed normally in Sharp-1(-/-) mice, during late stages, the mutant muscle exhibits necrotic fibers, calcium deposits and fibrosis. TGF-β expression, as well as levels of phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad3, are sustained in the mutant tissue and treatment with decorin, which blocks TGF-β signaling, improves the histopathology of Sharp-1(-/-) injured muscles. In vitro, Sharp-1 associates with Smad3, and its overexpression inhibits TGF-β- and Smad3-mediated expression of extracellular matrix genes in myofibroblasts. These results demonstrate that Sharp-1 regulates muscle regenerative capacity, at least in part, by modulation of TGF-β signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Acharjee
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kurien PA, Chong SYC, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. Sick and tired: how molecular regulators of human sleep schedules and duration impact immune function. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2013; 23:873-9. [PMID: 23702243 PMCID: PMC3766463 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Why do we need to sleep? What regulates when we sleep? And what dictates the number of hours we require? These are often viewed as three separate biological questions. Here, we propose they share molecular etiologies, whereby regulators of sleep schedules and sleep duration also govern the physiological purposes of sleep. To support our hypothesis, we review Mendelian human genetic variants sufficient to advance sleep-wake onset (PER2) and shorten sleep length (DEC2), and evaluate their emerging roles in immune responses that may rely on a sound night of slumber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Kurien
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|