1
|
Pan M, Yu M, Zheng S, Luo L, Zhang J, Wu J. Genetic variations in ACE2 gene associated with metabolic syndrome in southern China: a case-control study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10505. [PMID: 38714718 PMCID: PMC11076479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is closely related to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and genetic predisposition is one of the main triggers for its development. To identify the susceptibility genes for MetS, we investigated the relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and MetS in southern China. In total, 339 MetS patients and 398 non-MetS hospitalized patients were recruited. Four ACE2 polymorphisms (rs2074192, rs2106809, rs879922, and rs4646155) were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection method and tested for their potential association with MetS and its related components. ACE2 rs2074192 and rs2106809 minor alleles conferred 2.485-fold and 3.313-fold greater risks of MetS in women. ACE2 rs2074192 and rs2106809 variants were risk factors for obesity, diabetes, and low-high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia. However, in men, the ACE2 rs2074192 minor allele was associated with an approximately 0.525-fold reduction in MetS prevalence. Further comparing the components of MetS, ACE2 rs2074192 and rs2106809 variants reduced the risk of obesity and high triglyceride levels. In conclusion, ACE2 rs2074192 and rs2106809 SNPs were independently associated with MetS in a southern Chinese population and showed gender heterogeneity, which can be partially explained by obesity. Thus, these SNPs may be utilized as predictive biomarkers and molecular targets for MetS. A limitation of this study is that environmental and lifestyle differences, as well as genetic heterogeneity among different populations, were not considered in the analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Pan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhong Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Suli Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ferreira RR, Carvalho RV, Coelho LL, Gonzaga BMDS, Bonecini-Almeida MDG, Garzoni LR, Araujo-Jorge TC. Current Understanding of Human Polymorphism in Selenoprotein Genes: A Review of Its Significance as a Risk Biomarker. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1402. [PMID: 38338681 PMCID: PMC10855570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Selenium has been proven to influence several biological functions, showing to be an essential micronutrient. The functional studies demonstrated the benefits of a balanced selenium diet and how its deficiency is associated with diverse diseases, especially cancer and viral diseases. Selenium is an antioxidant, protecting the cells from damage, enhancing the immune system response, preventing cardiovascular diseases, and decreasing inflammation. Selenium can be found in its inorganic and organic forms, and its main form in the cells is the selenocysteine incorporated into selenoproteins. Twenty-five selenoproteins are currently known in the human genome: glutathione peroxidases, iodothyronine deiodinases, thioredoxin reductases, selenophosphate synthetase, and other selenoproteins. These proteins lead to the transport of selenium in the tissues, protect against oxidative damage, contribute to the stress of the endoplasmic reticulum, and control inflammation. Due to these functions, there has been growing interest in the influence of polymorphisms in selenoproteins in the last two decades. Selenoproteins' gene polymorphisms may influence protein structure and selenium concentration in plasma and its absorption and even impact the development and progression of certain diseases. This review aims to elucidate the role of selenoproteins and understand how their gene polymorphisms can influence the balance of physiological conditions. In this polymorphism review, we focused on the PubMed database, with only articles published in English between 2003 and 2023. The keywords used were "selenoprotein" and "polymorphism". Articles that did not approach the theme subject were excluded. Selenium and selenoproteins still have a long way to go in molecular studies, and several works demonstrated the importance of their polymorphisms as a risk biomarker for some diseases, especially cardiovascular and thyroid diseases, diabetes, and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rodrigues Ferreira
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pav. Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (R.V.C.); (L.L.C.); (B.M.d.S.G.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Regina Vieira Carvalho
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pav. Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (R.V.C.); (L.L.C.); (B.M.d.S.G.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Laura Lacerda Coelho
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pav. Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (R.V.C.); (L.L.C.); (B.M.d.S.G.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Beatriz Matheus de Souza Gonzaga
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pav. Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (R.V.C.); (L.L.C.); (B.M.d.S.G.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Maria da Gloria Bonecini-Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetics, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil;
| | - Luciana Ribeiro Garzoni
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pav. Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (R.V.C.); (L.L.C.); (B.M.d.S.G.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Tania C. Araujo-Jorge
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pav. Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (R.V.C.); (L.L.C.); (B.M.d.S.G.); (L.R.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu SS, Du JL. Current views on selenoprotein S in the pathophysiological processes of diabetes-induced atherosclerosis: potential therapeutics and underlying biomarkers. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:5. [PMID: 38172976 PMCID: PMC10763436 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) consistently ranks as the primary mortality factor among diabetic people. A thorough comprehension of the pathophysiological routes and processes activated by atherosclerosis (AS) caused by diabetes mellitus (DM), together with the recognition of new contributing factors, could lead to the discovery of crucial biomarkers and the development of innovative drugs against atherosclerosis. Selenoprotein S (SELENOS) has been implicated in the pathology and progression of numerous conditions, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, and insulin resistance (IR)-all recognized contributors to endothelial dysfunction (ED), a precursor event to diabetes-induced AS. Hepatic-specific deletion of SELENOS accelerated the onset and progression of obesity, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and increased hepatic triglycerides (TG) and diacylglycerol (DAG) accumulation; SELENOS expression in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue was elevated in obese human subjects, and act as a positive regulator for adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes; knockdown of SELENOS in Min6 β-cells induced β-cell apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation. SELENOS also participates in the early stages of AS, notably by enhancing endothelial function, curbing the expression of adhesion molecules, and lessening leukocyte recruitment-actions that collectively reduce the formation of foam cells. Furthermore, SELENOS forestalls the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and macrophages, mitigates vascular calcification, and alleviates inflammation in macrophages and CD4+ T cells. These actions help stifle the creation of unstable plaque characterized by thinner fibrous caps, larger necrotic cores, heightened inflammation, and more extensive vascular calcification-features seen in advanced atherosclerotic lesion development. Additionally, serum SELENOS could function as a potential biomarker, and SELENOS single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs4965814, rs28628459, and rs9806366, might be effective gene markers for atherosclerosis-related diseases in diabetes. This review accentuates the pathophysiological processes of atherosclerosis in diabetes and amasses current evidence on SELENOS's potential therapeutic benefits or as predictive biomarkers in the various stages of diabetes-induced atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases and the Vascular Complications, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian-Ling Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases and the Vascular Complications, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sakkers TR, Mokry M, Civelek M, Erdmann J, Pasterkamp G, Diez Benavente E, den Ruijter HM. Sex differences in the genetic and molecular mechanisms of coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2023; 384:117279. [PMID: 37805337 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in coronary artery disease (CAD) presentation, risk factors and prognosis have been widely studied. Similarly, studies on atherosclerosis have shown prominent sex differences in plaque biology. Our understanding of the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms that drive these differences remains fragmented and largely understudied. Through reviewing genetic and epigenetic studies, we identified more than 40 sex-differential candidate genes (13 within known CAD loci) that may explain, at least in part, sex differences in vascular remodeling, lipid metabolism and endothelial dysfunction. Studies with transcriptomic and single-cell RNA sequencing data from atherosclerotic plaques highlight potential sex differences in smooth muscle cell and endothelial cell biology. Especially, phenotypic switching of smooth muscle cells seems to play a crucial role in female atherosclerosis. This matches the known sex differences in atherosclerotic phenotypes, with men being more prone to lipid-rich plaques, while women are more likely to develop fibrous plaques with endothelial dysfunction. To unravel the complex mechanisms that drive sex differences in CAD, increased statistical power and adjustments to study designs and analysis strategies are required. This entails increasing inclusion rates of women, performing well-defined sex-stratified analyses and the integration of multi-omics data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim R Sakkers
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michal Mokry
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mete Civelek
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, 1335 Lee St, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 351 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ernest Diez Benavente
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hester M den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dogaru CB, Duță C, Muscurel C, Stoian I. "Alphabet" Selenoproteins: Implications in Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15344. [PMID: 37895024 PMCID: PMC10607139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenoproteins are a group of proteins containing selenium in the form of selenocysteine (Sec, U) as the 21st amino acid coded in the genetic code. Their synthesis depends on dietary selenium uptake and a common set of cofactors. Selenoproteins accomplish diverse roles in the body and cell processes by acting, for example, as antioxidants, modulators of the immune function, and detoxification agents for heavy metals, other xenobiotics, and key compounds in thyroid hormone metabolism. Although the functions of all this protein family are still unknown, several disorders in their structure, activity, or expression have been described by researchers. They concluded that selenium or cofactors deficiency, on the one hand, or the polymorphism in selenoproteins genes and synthesis, on the other hand, are involved in a large variety of pathological conditions, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular, muscular, oncological, hepatic, endocrine, immuno-inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on the specific roles of selenoproteins named after letters of the alphabet in medicine, which are less known than the rest, regarding their implications in the pathological processes of several prevalent diseases and disease prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Corina Muscurel
- Department of Biochemistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania (I.S.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kobzeva KA, Soldatova MO, Stetskaya TA, Soldatov VO, Deykin AV, Freidin MB, Bykanova MA, Churnosov MI, Polonikov AV, Bushueva OY. Association between HSPA8 Gene Variants and Ischemic Stroke: A Pilot Study Providing Additional Evidence for the Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Disease Pathogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1171. [PMID: 37372351 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
HSPA8 is involved in many stroke-associated cellular processes, playing a pivotal role in the protein quality control system. Here we report the results of the pilot study aimed at determining whether HSPA8 SNPs are linked to the risk of ischemic stroke (IS). DNA samples from 2139 Russians (888 IS patients and 1251 healthy controls) were genotyped for tagSNPs (rs1461496, rs10892958, and rs1136141) in the HSPA8 gene using probe-based PCR. SNP rs10892958 of HSPA8 was associated with an increased risk (risk allele G) of IS in smokers (OR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.07-1.77; p = 0.01) and patients with low fruit and vegetable consumption (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.14-1.63; p = 0.002). SNP rs1136141 of HSPA8 was also associated with an increased risk of IS (risk allele A) exclusively in smokers (OR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.23-2.28; p = 0.0007) and in patients with a low fruit and vegetable intake (OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.05-1.60; p = 0.04). Sex-stratified analysis revealed an association of rs10892958 HSPA8 with an increased risk of IS in males (risk allele G; OR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.05-1.61; p = 0.01). Thus, SNPs rs10892958 and rs1136141 in the HSPA8 gene represent novel genetic markers of IS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia A Kobzeva
- Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Maria O Soldatova
- Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Stetskaya
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Vladislav O Soldatov
- Laboratory of Genome Editing for Biomedicine and Animal Health, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Alexey V Deykin
- Laboratory of Genome Editing for Biomedicine and Animal Health, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Maxim B Freidin
- Department of Biology, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Marina A Bykanova
- Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Mikhail I Churnosov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Alexey V Polonikov
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Olga Y Bushueva
- Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ouidir M, Chatterjee S, Wu J, Tekola-Ayele F. Genomic study of maternal lipid traits in early pregnancy concurs with four known adult lipid loci. J Clin Lipidol 2023; 17:168-180. [PMID: 36443208 PMCID: PMC9974591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood lipids during pregnancy are associated with cardiovascular diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in predominantly male European ancestry populations have identified genetic loci associated with blood lipid levels. However, the genetic architecture of blood lipids in pregnant women remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to identify genetic loci associated with blood lipid levels among pregnant women from diverse ancestry groups and to evaluate whether previously known lipid loci in predominantly European adults are transferable to pregnant women. METHODS The trans-ancestry GWAS were conducted on serum levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides during first trimester among pregnant women from four population groups (608 European-, 623 African-, 552 Hispanic- and 235 East Asian-Americans) recruited in the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies cohort. The four GWAS summary statistics were combined using trans-ancestry meta-analysis approaches that account for genetic heterogeneity among populations. RESULTS Loci in CELSR2 and APOE were genome-wide significantly associated (p-value < 5×10-8) with total cholesterol and LDL levels. Loci near CETP and ABCA1 approached genome-wide significant association with HDL (p-value = 2.97×10-7 and 9.71×10-8, respectively). Less than 20% of previously known adult lipid loci were transferable to pregnant women. CONCLUSION This trans-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis in pregnant women identified associations that concur with four known adult lipid loci. Limited replication of known lipid-loci from predominantly European study populations to pregnant women underlines the need for genomic studies of lipids in ancestrally diverse pregnant women. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00912132.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Ouidir
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Suvo Chatterjee
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fasil Tekola-Ayele
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li J, Zhang P, Yi X, Luo H, Yu M, Chen H, Wang C. Sex-specific association between inflammation and endothelial function relevant gene and vulnerable carotid plaque. Front Physiol 2022; 13:977578. [PMID: 36060677 PMCID: PMC9437448 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.977578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We aimed to explore sex-specific association between genes involved in inflammation and endothelial function and vulnerable carotid plaque, a subclinical precursor of ischemic stroke.Methods: Carotid plaque and plaque phenotype were assessed by carotid ultrasound in high-risk participants for stroke drawn from a multicenter, cross-sectional survey in southwestern China. We examined 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 10 genes related to inflammation and endothelial function. Sex differences in the genotype of the candidate SNPs and risk of vulnerable carotid plaques were assessed. Interaction tests were performed to identify the SNPs that might modify the association between the sex and vulnerable plaques. For SNPs with suggestive evidence for interaction with sex (p for interaction<0.05), stratification analysis by sex was performed to evaluate the sex-specific association between the SNP and vulnerable plaques.Results: 2,644 high-risk individuals were enrolled, comprising 1,202 (45.5%) men and 1,442 (54.5%) women. Vulnerable carotid plaques were detected in 425 (16.1%) participants. Among candidate SNPs, the genotype frequencies of 5 SNPs (TNFSF4 rs11811788, TNFSF4 rs1234313, IL6R rs4845625, VCAM1 rs2392221, and ITGA2 rs1991013) were significantly different between sex (all p < 0.05). Univariable and multivariable analyses suggested that male individuals had a significantly higher prevalence of vulnerable carotid plaques (20.0% vs. 12.8%, adjusted OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.12–2.66, p = 0.014), while none of the candidate SNPs was significantly associated with vulnerable plaques (all p > 0.05). Interaction tests found the association between sex and vulnerable plaques is affected by the genotype of IL6R rs4845625 (p for interaction = 0.031). Stratification analysis revealed a strong association between IL6R rs4845625 and vulnerable carotid plaque in man (dominant model TT vs. CT + CC: adjusted OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.12–2.07, p = 0.007; codominant model TT vs. CC: adjusted OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.00–2.25, p = 0.048) but not in women (p > 0.05 in all genetic models).Conclusion: The rs4845625 polymorphism in IL6R has sex-specific effects on vulnerable carotid plaque in Chinese Han high-risk individuals for stroke. Our findings provide a plausible genetic basis underlying the sex difference in carotid plaque vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Li,
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Xingyang Yi
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Study of the Association between VEGF Polymorphisms and the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in Koreans. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050761. [PMID: 35629182 PMCID: PMC9144104 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD), a leading cause of death worldwide, has a complex etiology comprising both traditional risk factors (type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, and cigarette smoking) and genetic factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) notably contributes to angiogenesis and endothelial homeostasis. However, little is known about the relationship between CAD and VEGF polymorphisms in Koreans. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations of 2 VEGF promoter region polymorphisms (−1154G>A [rs1570360], −1498T>C [rs833061]) and 4 VEGF 3′-UTR polymorphisms (+936C>T [rs3025039], +1451C>T [rs3025040], +1612G>A [rs10434], and +1725G>A [rs3025053]) with CAD susceptibility in Koreans. We studied 885 subjects: 463 CAD patients and 422 controls. Genotyping was conducted with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and TaqMan allelic discrimination assays, and the genotype frequencies were calculated. We then performed haplotype and genotype combination analyses and measured the associations between VEGF polymorphisms and clinical variables in both the CAD patients and control subjects. We detected statistically significant associations between CAD and certain VEGF allele combinations. In the haplotypes of 5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, the VEGF allele combination −1154A/+936T was associated with a decreased prevalence of CAD (A-T-T-G-G of VEGF −1154G>A/−1498T>C/+936C>T/+1612G>A/+1725G>A, AOR = 0.077, p = 0.021). In contrast, the VEGF allele combinations −1498T/+1725A and −1498T/+1612A/+1725A were associated with an increased prevalence of CAD (G-T-C-C-A of VEGF −1154G>A/−1498T>C/+936C>T/+1451C>T/+1725G>A, AOR = 1.602, p = 0.047; T-C-C-A-A of VEGF −1498T>C/+936C>T/+1451C>T/+1612G>A/+1725G>A, AOR = 1.582, p = 0.045). Gene−environment combinatorial analysis showed that the combination of the VEGF +1725AA genotype and several clinical factors (e.g., body mass index, hemoglobin A1c, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) increased the risk of CAD. Therefore, we suggest that VEGF polymorphisms and clinical factors may impact CAD prevalence.
Collapse
|
10
|
Dungan JR, Qin X, Gregory SG, Cooper-Dehoff R, Duarte JD, Qin H, Gulati M, Taylor JY, Pepine CJ, Hauser ER, Kraus WE. Sex-dimorphic gene effects on survival outcomes in people with coronary artery disease. AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL PLUS: CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 17. [PMID: 35959094 PMCID: PMC9365120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2022.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Ischemic coronary heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Genetic variation is presumed to be a major factor underlying sex differences for IHD events, including mortality. The purpose of this study was to identify sex-specific candidate genes associated with all-cause mortality among people diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: We performed a sex-stratified, exploratory genome-wide association (GWAS) screen using existing data from CAD-diagnosed males (n = 510) and females (n = 174) who reported European ancestry from the Duke Catheterization Genetics biorepository. Extant genotype data for 785,945 autosomal SNPs generated with the Human Omni1-Quad BeadChip (Illumina, CA, USA) were analyzed using an additive inheritance model. We estimated instantaneous risk of all-cause mortality by genotype groups across the 11-year follow-up using Cox multivariate regression, covarying for age and genomic ancestry. Results: The top GWAS hits associated with all-cause mortality among people with CAD included 8 SNPs among males and 15 among females (p = 1 × 10−6 or 10−7), adjusted for covariates. Cross-sex comparisons revealed distinct candidate genes. Biologically relevant candidates included rs9932462 (EMP2/TEKT5) and rs2835913 (KCNJ6) among males and rs7217169 (RAP1GAP2), rs8021816 (PRKD1), rs8133010 (PDE9A), and rs12145981 (LPGAT1) among females. Conclusions: We report 20 sex-specific candidate genes having suggestive association with all-cause mortality among CAD-diagnosed subjects. Findings demonstrate proof of principle for identifying sex-associated genetic factors that may help explain differential mortality risk in people with CAD. Replication and meta-analyses in larger studies with more diverse samples will strengthen future work in this area.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kyprianidou M, Panagiotakos D, Makris KC, Kambanaros M, Christophi CA, Giannakou K. The Lifestyle Profile of Individuals with Cardiovascular and Endocrine Diseases in Cyprus: A Hierarchical, Classification Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081559. [PMID: 35458120 PMCID: PMC9027605 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to explore the lifestyle profile of adult individuals with cardiovascular and endocrine diseases in Cyprus. Age and sex-specific analyses were applied. A representative sample of the general adult population was recruited during 2018–2019 using stratified sampling among the five government-controlled municipalities of the Republic of Cyprus. Data on Mediterranean diet adherence, quality of sleep, smoking status, physical activity, Body Mass Index, and the presence of cardiovascular and endocrine diseases were collected using a validated questionnaire. Diseases were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10). A total of 1140 men and women over 18 years old (range: 18–94) participated in the study. The prevalence of cardiovascular and endocrine diseases among the adult general population of Cyprus was 24.8% and 17.2%, respectively, with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in men, and a higher prevalence of endocrine diseases in women. Among individuals with cardiovascular disease, 23.3% were aged between 18–44 years old, while the corresponding percentage among endocrine disease individuals was 48%. The prevalence of smoking, physical activity, a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, poor quality of sleep and obesity among the study population was 35.5%, 48.0%, 32.9%, 39.0% and 13.6%, respectively. Individuals with cardiovascular and endocrine diseases were characterized by poor quality of sleep, inadequate physical activity, and a higher BMI. This is the first study in Cyprus exploring the profile of individuals with cardiovascular and endocrine diseases in Cyprus. Health promotion and educational programs focusing on the importance of sleep quality, healthier dietary habits, physical activity, and lower BMIs among people with cardiovascular and endocrine diseases should be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kyprianidou
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus; (M.K.); (K.C.M.); (C.A.C.)
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
| | - Demosthenes Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos C. Makris
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus; (M.K.); (K.C.M.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Maria Kambanaros
- Department of Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Costas A. Christophi
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus; (M.K.); (K.C.M.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Konstantinos Giannakou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +357-2255-9656
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rossi A, Mikail N, Bengs S, Haider A, Treyer V, Buechel RR, Wegener S, Rauen K, Tawakol A, Bairey Merz CN, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Gebhard C. Heart-brain interactions in cardiac and brain diseases: why sex matters. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:3971-3980. [PMID: 35194633 PMCID: PMC9794190 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and brain disorders, such as depression and cognitive dysfunction, are highly prevalent conditions and are among the leading causes limiting patient's quality of life. A growing body of evidence has shown an intimate crosstalk between the heart and the brain, resulting from a complex network of several physiological and neurohumoral circuits. From a pathophysiological perspective, both organs share common risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking or dyslipidaemia, and are similarly affected by systemic inflammation, atherosclerosis, and dysfunction of the neuroendocrine system. In addition, there is an increasing awareness that physiological interactions between the two organs play important roles in potentiating disease and that sex- and gender-related differences modify those interactions between the heart and the brain over the entire lifespan. The present review summarizes contemporary evidence of the effect of sex on heart-brain interactions and how these influence pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, and treatment responses of specific heart and brain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Rossi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Nidaa Mikail
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Susan Bengs
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ronny Ralf Buechel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wegener
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Rauen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ahmed Tawakol
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Noel Bairey Merz
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
- Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vaura F, Palmu J, Aittokallio J, Kauko A, Niiranen T. Genetic, Molecular, and Cellular Determinants of Sex-Specific Cardiovascular Traits. Circ Res 2022; 130:611-631. [PMID: 35175841 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the well-known sex dimorphism in cardiovascular disease traits, the exact genetic, molecular, and cellular underpinnings of these differences are not well understood. A growing body of evidence currently points at the links between cardiovascular disease traits and the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, and metabolome. However, the sex-specific differences in these links remain largely unstudied due to challenges in bioinformatic methods, inadequate statistical power, analytic costs, and paucity of valid experimental models. This review article provides an overview of the literature on sex differences in genetic architecture, heritability, epigenetic changes, transcriptomic signatures, and metabolomic profiles in relation to cardiovascular disease traits. We also review the literature on the associations between sex hormones and cardiovascular disease traits and discuss the potential mechanisms underlying these associations, focusing on human studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Vaura
- Department of Internal Medicine (F.V., J.P., A.K., T.N.), University of Turku, Finland
| | - Joonatan Palmu
- Department of Internal Medicine (F.V., J.P., A.K., T.N.), University of Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Aittokallio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (J.A.), University of Turku, Finland.,Division of Perioperative Services, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine (J.A.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Anni Kauko
- Department of Internal Medicine (F.V., J.P., A.K., T.N.), University of Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Department of Internal Medicine (F.V., J.P., A.K., T.N.), University of Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine (T.N.), Turku University Hospital, Finland.,Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (T.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang Y, Hui Q, Gwinn M, Hu YJ, Quyyumi AA, Vaccarino V, Sun YV. Sexual Differences in Genetic Predisposition of Coronary Artery Disease. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2021; 14:e003147. [PMID: 33332181 PMCID: PMC7887043 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.120.003147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genomic structure that contributes to the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) can be evaluated as a risk score of multiple variants. However, sex differences have not been fully examined in applications of genetic risk score (GRS) of CAD. METHODS Using data from the UK Biobank, we constructed a CAD-GRS based on all known loci, 3 mediating trait-based (blood pressure, lipids, and body mass index) subscores, and a genome-wide polygenic risk score based on 1.1 million variants. The differences in genetic associations with prevalent and incident CAD between men and women were investigated among 317 509 unrelated individuals of the European ancestry. We also assessed interactions with sex for 161 individual loci included in the comprehensive GRS. RESULTS For both prevalent and incident CAD, the associations of comprehensive and genome-wide GRSs were stronger among men than women. Using a score of 161 loci, we observed a 2.4× higher risk for incident CAD comparing men with high genetic risk to men with low genetic risk but an 80% greater risk comparing women with high genetic risk to women with low genetic risk (interaction P=0.002). Of the 3 subscores, the blood pressure-associated subscore exhibited sex differences (interaction P=0.0004 per SD increase in subscore). Analysis of individual variants identified a novel gene-sex interaction at locus 21q22.11. CONCLUSIONS Sexual differences in genetic predisposition should be considered in future studies of CAD, and GRSs should not be assumed to perform equally well in men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Qin Hui
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Marta Gwinn
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Yi-Juan Hu
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Arshed A. Quyyumi
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Yan V. Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA,Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Camilli M, Iannaccone G, Del Buono MG, Crea F, Aspromonte N. Genetic background of coronary artery disease: clinical implications and perspectives. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2020.1746640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Camilli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Iannaccone
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco G. Del Buono
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Aspromonte
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ruiz-Meana M, Boengler K, Garcia-Dorado D, Hausenloy DJ, Kaambre T, Kararigas G, Perrino C, Schulz R, Ytrehus K. Ageing, sex, and cardioprotection. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5270-5286. [PMID: 31863453 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation of cardioprotective interventions aimed at reducing myocardial injury during ischaemia-reperfusion from experimental studies to clinical practice is an important yet unmet need in cardiovascular medicine. One particular challenge facing translation is the existence of demographic and clinical factors that influence the pathophysiology of ischaemia-reperfusion injury of the heart and the effects of treatments aimed at preventing it. Among these factors, age and sex are prominent and have a recognised role in the susceptibility and outcome of ischaemic heart disease. Remarkably, some of the most powerful cardioprotective strategies proven to be effective in young animals become ineffective during ageing. This article reviews the mechanisms and implications of the modulatory effects of ageing and sex on myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury and their potential effects on cardioprotective interventions. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.23/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-CV (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kerstin Boengler
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - David Garcia-Dorado
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-CV (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore.,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.,The National Institute of Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Research & Development, London, UK.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnologia-FEMSA, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Georgios Kararigas
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlinand Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kirsti Ytrehus
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Varner MW, Costantine MM, Jablonski KA, Rouse DJ, Mercer BM, Leveno KJ, Reddy UM, Buhimschi C, Wapner RJ, Sorokin Y, Thorp JM, Ramin SM, Malone FD, Carpenter M, O’sullivan MJ, Peaceman AM, Dudley DJ, Caritis SN. Sex-Specific Genetic Susceptibility to Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Offspring of Pregnancies at Risk of Early Preterm Delivery. Am J Perinatol 2020; 37:281-290. [PMID: 30731481 PMCID: PMC6685763 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1678535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate sex-specific genetic susceptibility to adverse neurodevelopmental outcome (ANO, defined as cerebral palsy [CP], mental, or psychomotor delay) at risk for early preterm birth (EPTB, < 32 weeks). STUDY DESIGN Secondary case-control analysis of a trial of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) before anticipated EPTB for CP prevention. Cases are infants who died by the age of 1 year or developed ANO. Controls, matched by maternal race and infant sex, were neurodevelopmentally normal survivors. Neonatal DNA was evaluated for 80 polymorphisms in inflammation, coagulation, vasoregulation, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress pathways using Taqman assays. The primary outcome for this analysis was sex-specific ANO susceptibility. Conditional logistic regression estimated each polymorphism's odds ratio (OR) by sex stratum, adjusting for gestational age, maternal education, and MgSO4-corticosteroid exposures. Holm-Bonferroni corrections, adjusting for multiple comparisons (p < 7.3 × 10-4), accounted for linkage disequilibrium between markers. RESULTS Analysis included 211 cases (134 males; 77 females) and 213 controls (130 males; 83 females). An interleukin-6 (IL6) polymorphism (rs2069840) was associated with ANO in females (OR: 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-4.7; p = 0.001), but not in males (OR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.5-1.2; p = 0.33). The sex-specific effect difference was significant (p = 7.0 × 10-4) and was unaffected by MgSO4 exposure. No other gene-sex associations were significant. CONCLUSION An IL6 gene locus may confer susceptibility to ANO in females, but not males, after EPTB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Varner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Maged M. Costantine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Kathleen A. Jablonski
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George
Washington University Biostatistics Center, Washington, Disctrict of Columbia
| | - Dwight J. Rouse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Brian M. Mercer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MetroHealth
Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kenneth J. Leveno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Uma M. Reddy
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health
and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Catalin Buhimschi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ronald J. Wapner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson
University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel
University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yoram Sorokin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State
University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - John M. Thorp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Susan M. Ramin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Fergal D. Malone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia
University, New York, New York
| | - Marshall Carpenter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brown
University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Mary J. O’sullivan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Alan M. Peaceman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern
University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Donald J. Dudley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Steve N. Caritis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
González-Castro TB, Hernández-Díaz Y, Pérez-Hernández N, Tovilla-Zárate CA, Juárez-Rojop IE, López-Narvaez ML, Blachman-Braun R, Posadas-Sánchez R, Vargas-Alarcón G, García-Flores E, Cazarín-Santos BG, Borgonio-Cuadra VM, Reyes-López PA, Rodríguez-Pérez JM. Interleukin 6 (rs1800795) gene polymorphism is associated with cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of 74 studies with 86,229 subjects. EXCLI JOURNAL 2019; 18:331-355. [PMID: 31338006 PMCID: PMC6635721 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are group of complex and multifactorial pathologies, in which interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene polymorphisms have been associated with several components of the CVD. Thus, in this study, we thoroughly reviewed and meta-analyzed evidence on the association between the IL-6 (rs1800795) gene polymorphism and CVD. We systematically searched in the PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Scopus databases. The analyses were performed using five study groups based on (1) a combined pool of the overall populations, (2) the country of birth, (3) the continent of birth, (4) the diagnosis and (5) both location (country or continent) and diagnosis. The analysis included the allelic, homozygote, heterozygote, dominant and recessive models. The meta-analysis showed that -174G>C (rs1800795) is a risk factor for CVD (allelic: OR=1.06, CI 95%=1.02-1.10. Z p value <0.0001; homozygous: OR=1.11, CI 95%=1.03-1.19, Z p value= 0.002; heterozygous: OR=1.08, CI 95%=1.03-1.21, Z p value= 0.003; dominant: OR= 1.12, CI 95%= 1.07-1.18, Z p value= 0.001) and that this risk increases in the Chinese population. Additionally, we found that carriers of the C allele of 174G>C (rs1800795) polymorphism have an increase in the risk of coronary artery disease under the hereditary models assessed in the study. Using robust data, we found that IL-6 (rs1800795) -174G>C gene polymorphism is associated with CVD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thelma Beatriz González-Castro
- Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Yazmín Hernández-Díaz
- Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Nonanzit Pérez-Hernández
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate
- Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop
- Academic Division of Health Sciences, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | | | - Ruben Blachman-Braun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Esbeidy García-Flores
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Pedro A. Reyes-López
- Division of Research, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pirim D, Radwan ZH, Wang X, Niemsiri V, Hokanson JE, Hamman RF, Feingold E, Bunker CH, Demirci FY, Kamboh MI. Apolipoprotein E-C1-C4-C2 gene cluster region and inter-individual variation in plasma lipoprotein levels: a comprehensive genetic association study in two ethnic groups. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214060. [PMID: 30913229 PMCID: PMC6435132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E-C1-C4-C2 gene cluster at 19q13.32 encodes four amphipathic apolipoproteins. The influence of APOE common polymorphisms on plasma lipid/lipoprotein profile, especially on LDL-related traits, is well recognized; however, little is known about the role of other genes/variants in this gene cluster. In this study, we evaluated the role of common and uncommon/rare genetic variation in this gene region on inter-individual variation in plasma lipoprotein levels in non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) and African blacks (ABs). In the variant discovery step, the APOE, APOC1, APOC4, APOC2 genes were sequenced along with their flanking and hepatic control regions (HCR1 and HCR2) in 190 subjects with extreme HDL-C/TG levels. The next step involved the genotyping of 623 NHWs and 788 ABs for the identified uncommon/rare variants and common tagSNPs along with additional relevant SNPs selected from public resources, followed by association analyses with lipid traits. A total of 230 sequence variants, including 15 indels were identified, of which 65 were novel. A total of 70 QC-passed variants in NHWs and 108 QC-passed variants in ABs were included in the final association analyses. Single-site association analysis of SNPs with MAF>1% revealed 20 variants in NHWs and 24 variants in ABs showing evidence of association with at least one lipid trait, including several variants exhibiting independent associations from the established APOE polymorphism even after multiple-testing correction. Overall, our study has confirmed known associations and also identified novel associations in this genomic region with various lipid traits. Our data also support the contribution of both common and uncommon/rare variation in this gene region in affecting plasma lipid profile in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Pirim
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts&Science, Uludag University, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Zaheda H. Radwan
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xingbin Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vipavee Niemsiri
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John E. Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Richard F. Hamman
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Clareann H. Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - F. Yesim Demirci
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MIK); (FYD)
| | - M. Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MIK); (FYD)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Atkinson SR, Way MJ, McQuillin A, Morgan MY, Thursz MR. Reply to: "The PNPLA3 SNP rs738409:G allele is associated with increased liver disease-associated mortality but reduced overall mortality in a population-based cohort". J Hepatol 2018; 68:860-862. [PMID: 29242078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Atkinson
- Department of Hepatology, Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Michael J Way
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, UK; Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marsha Y Morgan
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Department of Hepatology, Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Salehi S, Emadi-Baygi M, Rezaei M, Kelishadi R, Nikpour P. Lack of Evidence of the Role of APOA5 3'UTR Polymorphisms in Iranian Children and Adolescents with Metabolic Syndrome. Diabetes Metab J 2018; 42:74-81. [PMID: 29504307 PMCID: PMC5842303 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2018.42.1.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex and multifactorial disorder characterized by insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, and elevated blood pressure. The apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene variants have been reported to correlate with two major components of MetS, including low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and high levels of triglyceride. In the present study, we explored the associations between five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of APOA5 gene and the MetS risk. METHODS In a case-control design, 120 Iranian children and adolescents with/without MetS were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-sequencing for these SNPs. Then, we investigated the association of SNPs, individually or in haplotype constructs, with MetS risk. RESULTS The rs34089864 variant and H1 haplotype (harboring the two major alleles of rs619054 and rs34089864) were associated with HDL-C levels. However, there was no significant association between different haplotypes/individual SNPs and MetS risk. CONCLUSION These results presented no association of APOA5 3'UTR SNPs with MetS. Further studies, including other polymorphisms, are required to investigate the involvement of APOA5 gene in the genetic susceptibility to MetS in the pediatric age group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Salehi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Modjtaba Emadi-Baygi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Majdaddin Rezaei
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Nikpour
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Genome-Wide Association Studies and Risk Scores for Coronary Artery Disease: Sex Biases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1065:627-642. [PMID: 30051411 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic sex differences in coronary artery disease (CAD) and its risk factors have been apparent for many decades in basic and clinical research; however, whether these are also present at the gene level and thus influence genome-wide association and genetic risk prediction studies has often been ignored. From fundamental and medical standpoints, this is critically important to assess in order to fully understand the underlying genetic architecture that predisposes to CAD and better predict disease outcomes based on the interaction between genes, sex effects, and environment. In this chapter we aimed to (1) integrate the history and latest research from genome-wide association studies for CAD and clinical and genetic risk scores for prediction of CAD, (2) highlight sex-specific differences in these areas of research, and (3) discuss reasons why sex differences have often not been considered and, where present, why sex differences exist at genetic and phenotypic levels and how important they are for consideration in future research. While we find interesting examples of sex differences in effects of genetic variants on CAD, genome-wide association and genetic risk studies have typically not tested for sex-specific effects despite mounting evidence from diverse fields that these are likely very important to consider at both the genetic and phenotypic levels. In-depth testing for sex effects in large-scale genome-wide association studies that include autosomal and often excluded sex chromosomes alongside parallel improvements in resolution of sex-specific differences for risk factors and disease outcomes for CAD has the potential to substantially improve clinical and genetic risk prediction studies. Developing sex-tailored genetic risk scores as has been done recently for other disorders might be also warranted for CAD. In the era of precision medicine, this level of accuracy is essential for such a common and costly disease.
Collapse
|
23
|
Yu SS, Du JL. Selenoprotein S: a therapeutic target for diabetes and macroangiopathy? Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:101. [PMID: 28797256 PMCID: PMC5553675 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are important pathophysiological bases of the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus (DM) and macroangiopathy complications. Selenoprotein S (SELENOS) is involved in the regulation of these mechanisms; therefore, its association with DM and macroangiopathy has gradually received attention from scholars worldwide. SELENOS has different biological functions in different tissues and organs: it exerts antioxidant protection and has anti-ER stress effects in the pancreas and blood vessels, while it promotes the occurrence and development of insulin resistance in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. In addition, studies have confirmed that some SELENOS gene polymorphisms can influence the inflammatory response and are closely associated with the risk for developing DM and macroangiopathy. Therefore, comprehensive understanding of the association between SELENOS and inflammation, oxidative stress, and ER stress may better elucidate and supplement the pathogenic mechanisms of DM and macroangiopathy complications. Furthermore, in-depth investigation of the association of SELENOS function in different tissues and organs with DM and macroangiopathy may facilitate the development of new strategies for the prevention and treatment of DM and macrovascular complications. Here, we summarize the consensus and controversy regarding functions of SELENOS on currently available evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian-Ling Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zwingerman N, Medina-Rivera A, Kassam I, Wilson MD, Morange PE, Trégouët DA, Gagnon F. Sex-specific effect of CPB2 Ala147Thr but not Thr325Ile variants on the risk of venous thrombosis: A comprehensive meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177768. [PMID: 28552956 PMCID: PMC5446132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), encoded by the Carboxypeptidase B2 gene (CPB2), is an inhibitor of fibrinolysis and plays a role in the pathogenesis of venous thrombosis. Experimental findings support a functional role of genetic variants in CPB2, while epidemiological studies have been unable to confirm associations with risk of venous thrombosis. Sex-specific effects could underlie the observed inconsistent associations between CPB2 genetic variants and venous thrombosis. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted for associations between Ala147Thr and Thr325Ile variants with venous thrombosis. Authors were contacted to provide sex-specific genotype counts from their studies. Combined and sex-specific random effects meta-analyses were used to estimate a pooled effect estimate for primary and secondary genetic models. RESULTS A total of 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. A sex-specific meta-analysis applying a dominant model supported a protective effect of Ala147Thr on venous thrombosis in females (OR = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.68,0.97; p = 0.018), but not in males (OR = 1.06, 95%CI:0.96-1.16; p = 0.263). The Thr325Ile did not show a sex-specific effect but showed variation in allele frequencies by geographic region. A subgroup analysis of studies in European countries showed decreased risk, with a recessive model (OR = 0.83, 95%CI:0.71-0.97, p = 0.021) for venous thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive literature review, including unpublished data, provided greater statistical power for the analyses and decreased the likelihood of publication bias influencing the results. Sex-specific analyses explained apparent discrepancies across genetic studies of Ala147Thr and venous thrombosis. While, careful selection of genetic models based on population genetics, evolutionary and biological knowledge can increase power by decreasing the need to adjust for testing multiple models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Zwingerman
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alejandra Medina-Rivera
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Irfahan Kassam
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael D. Wilson
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Morange
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) en Santé 1062, Nutrition Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis, Marseille, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Paris, France
- Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Paris, France
| | - France Gagnon
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Classical rather than genetic risk factors account for high cardiovascular disease prevalence in Lithuania: A cross-sectional population study. Adv Med Sci 2017; 62:121-128. [PMID: 28242483 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality accounts for 54% of all deaths in Lithuania, making it the highest among all of the European Union countries. We evaluated the prevalence of several CVD risk factors, including lifestyle, blood biochemistry and genetic predisposition to determine the reasons behind significantly increased CVD prevalence in Lithuania. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total 435 volunteers of Lithuanian ethnicity and stable geographic settlement for 3 generations, had their anthropometric, biochemical and behavioural risk factors measured. A randomly selected sample of 166 volunteers had their 60 CVD risk alleles genotyped. The prevalence of risk alleles and cumulative CVD genetic risk score were compared with population of North-West European origin (CEU) using data from the phase 3 HapMap project. RESULTS CVD was present in 33.8% of study volunteers, 84% of participants consumed alcohol, 21% were current smokers and only 30% of participants engaged in higher levels of physical activity. Also, the average BMI (males 28.3±4.3kg/m2, females 27.3±5.0kg/m2), total cholesterol (males 6.1±1.2mmol/L, females 6.2±1.0mmol/L) and LDL-cholesterol (males 4.1±1.1mmol/L, females 4.1±1.0mmol/L) were above the normal values. The cumulative genetic susceptibility to develop CVD in Lithuanians was only 1.4% higher than in CEU population. CONCLUSIONS High BMI and poor population plasma lipid profile are the major contributing factors to high CVD mortality and morbidity in Lithuania. Smoking, alcohol consumption and preliminary genetic predisposition results do not explain the difference in CVD mortality between the Lithuanian and wider European populations. CVD prevention programmes in Lithuania should primarily focus on weight loss and improving blood lipid control.
Collapse
|
26
|
Genetic Mechanisms Leading to Sex Differences Across Common Diseases and Anthropometric Traits. Genetics 2016; 205:979-992. [PMID: 27974502 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.193623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Common diseases often show sex differences in prevalence, onset, symptomology, treatment, or prognosis. Although studies have been performed to evaluate sex differences at specific SNP associations, this work aims to comprehensively survey a number of complex heritable diseases and anthropometric traits. Potential genetically encoded sex differences we investigated include differential genetic liability thresholds or distributions, gene-sex interaction at autosomal loci, major contribution of the X-chromosome, or gene-environment interactions reflected in genes responsive to androgens or estrogens. Finally, we tested the overlap between sex-differential association with anthropometric traits and disease risk. We utilized complementary approaches of assessing GWAS association enrichment and SNP-based heritability estimation to explore explicit sex differences, as well as enrichment in sex-implicated functional categories. We do not find consistent increased genetic load in the lower-prevalence sex, or a disproportionate role for the X-chromosome in disease risk, despite sex-heterogeneity on the X for several traits. We find that all anthropometric traits show less than complete correlation between the genetic contribution to males and females, and find a convincing example of autosome-wide genome-sex interaction in multiple sclerosis (P = 1 × 10-9). We also find some evidence for hormone-responsive gene enrichment, and striking evidence of the contribution of sex-differential anthropometric associations to common disease risk, implying that general mechanisms of sexual dimorphism determining secondary sex characteristics have shared effects on disease risk.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides a brief synopsis of sexual dimorphism in atherosclerosis with an emphasis on genetic studies aimed to better understand the atherosclerotic process and clinical outcomes in women. Such studies are warranted because development of atherosclerosis, impact of several traditional risk factors, and burden of coronary heart disease (CHD) differ between women and men. RECENT FINDINGS While most candidate gene studies pool women and men and adjust for sex, some sex-specific studies provide evidence of association between candidate genes and prevalent and incident CHD in women. So far, most genome-wide association studies (GWAS) also failed to consider sex-specific associations. The few GWAS focused on women tended to have small sample sizes and insufficient power to reject the null hypothesis of no association even if associations exist. Few studies consider that sex can modify the effect of gene variants on CHD. Sufficiently large-scale genetic studies in women of different race/ethnic groups, taking into account possible gene-gene and gene-environment interactions as well as hormone-mediated epigenetic mechanisms, are needed. Using the same disease definition for women and men might not be appropriate. Accurate phenotyping and inclusion of relevant outcomes in women, together with targeting the entire spectrum of atherosclerosis, could help address the contribution of genes to sexual dimorphism in atherosclerosis. Discovered genetic loci should be taken forward for replication and functional studies to elucidate the plausible underlying biological mechanisms. A better understanding of the etiology of atherosclerosis in women would facilitate future prevention efforts and interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yet I, Menni C, Shin SY, Mangino M, Soranzo N, Adamski J, Suhre K, Spector TD, Kastenmüller G, Bell JT. Genetic Influences on Metabolite Levels: A Comparison across Metabolomic Platforms. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153672. [PMID: 27073872 PMCID: PMC4830611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomic profiling is a powerful approach to characterize human metabolism and help understand common disease risk. Although multiple high-throughput technologies have been developed to assay the human metabolome, no technique is capable of capturing the entire human metabolism. Large-scale metabolomics data are being generated in multiple cohorts, but the datasets are typically profiled using different metabolomics platforms. Here, we compared analyses across two of the most frequently used metabolomic platforms, Biocrates and Metabolon, with the aim of assessing how complimentary metabolite profiles are across platforms. We profiled serum samples from 1,001 twins using both targeted (Biocrates, n = 160 metabolites) and non-targeted (Metabolon, n = 488 metabolites) mass spectrometry platforms. We compared metabolite distributions and performed genome-wide association analyses to identify shared genetic influences on metabolites across platforms. Comparison of 43 metabolites named for the same compound on both platforms indicated strong positive correlations, with few exceptions. Genome-wide association scans with high-throughput metabolic profiles were performed for each dataset and identified genetic variants at 7 loci associated with 16 unique metabolites on both platforms. The 16 metabolites showed consistent genetic associations and appear to be robustly measured across platforms. These included both metabolites named for the same compound across platforms as well as unique metabolites, of which 2 (nonanoylcarnitine (C9) [Biocrates]/Unknown metabolite X-13431 [Metabolon] and PC aa C28:1 [Biocrates]/1-stearoylglycerol [Metabolon]) are likely to represent the same or related biochemical entities. The results demonstrate the complementary nature of both platforms, and can be informative for future studies of comparative and integrative metabolomics analyses in samples profiled on different platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idil Yet
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - So-Youn Shin
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (GK); (JTB)
| | - Jordana T. Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (GK); (JTB)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mook-Kanamori BB, Valls Serón M, Geldhoff M, Havik SR, van der Ende A, Baas F, van der Poll T, Meijers JCM, P Morgan B, Brouwer MC, van de Beek D. Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor influences disease severity in humans and mice with pneumococcal meningitis. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:2076-86. [PMID: 26340319 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality and morbidity in patients with bacterial meningitis result from the proinflammatory response and dysregulation of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) is activated by free thrombin or thrombin in complex with thrombomodulin, and plays an antifibrinolytic role during fibrin clot degradation, but also has an anti-inflammatory role by inactivating proinflammatory mediators, such as complement activation products. OBJECTIVE To assess the role of TAFI in pneumococcal meningitis. METHODS We performed a prospective nationwide genetic association study in patients with bacterial meningitis, determined TAFI and complement levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and assessed the function of TAFI in a pneumococcal meningitis mouse model by using Cpb2 (TAFI) knockout mice. RESULTS Polymorphisms (reference sequences: rs1926447 and rs3742264) in the CPB2 gene, coding for TAFI, were related to the development of systemic complications in patients with pneumococcal meningitis. Higher protein levels of TAFI in CSF were significantly associated with CSF complement levels (C3a, iC3b, and C5b-9) and with more systemic complications in patients with bacterial meningitis. The risk allele of rs1926447 (TT) was associated with higher levels of TAFI in CSF. In the murine model, consistent with the human data, Cpb2-deficient mice had decreased disease severity, as reflected by lower mortality, and attenuated cytokine levels and bacterial outgrowth in the systemic compartment during disease, without differences in the brain compartment, as compared with wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that TAFI plays an important role during pneumococcal meningitis, which is likely to be mediated through inhibition of the complement system, and influences the occurrence of systemic complications and inflammation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Brain Damage, Chronic/etiology
- Carboxypeptidase B2/cerebrospinal fluid
- Carboxypeptidase B2/deficiency
- Carboxypeptidase B2/genetics
- Carboxypeptidase B2/physiology
- Cerebral Hemorrhage/etiology
- Community-Acquired Infections/blood
- Community-Acquired Infections/cerebrospinal fluid
- Community-Acquired Infections/complications
- Community-Acquired Infections/genetics
- Complement C3a/cerebrospinal fluid
- Complement C3b/cerebrospinal fluid
- Complement Membrane Attack Complex/cerebrospinal fluid
- Cytokines/blood
- Female
- Fibrinolysis
- Humans
- Male
- Meningitis, Meningococcal/blood
- Meningitis, Meningococcal/cerebrospinal fluid
- Meningitis, Meningococcal/complications
- Meningitis, Meningococcal/genetics
- Meningitis, Pneumococcal/blood
- Meningitis, Pneumococcal/cerebrospinal fluid
- Meningitis, Pneumococcal/complications
- Meningitis, Pneumococcal/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Middle Aged
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology
- Shock, Septic/etiology
- Treatment Outcome
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B B Mook-Kanamori
- Departments of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Valls Serón
- Departments of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Geldhoff
- Departments of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S R Havik
- Departments of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A van der Ende
- Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis, Academic Medical Center, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F Baas
- Laboratory for Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Center, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J C M Meijers
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B P Morgan
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - M C Brouwer
- Departments of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D van de Beek
- Departments of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shen Y, Cai T, Chen Y, Yang Y, Chen J. Retrospective likelihood-based methods for analyzing case-cohort genetic association studies. Biometrics 2015; 71:960-8. [PMID: 26177343 DOI: 10.1111/biom.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The case cohort (CCH) design is a cost-effective design for assessing genetic susceptibility with time-to-event data especially when the event rate is low. In this work, we propose a powerful pseudo-score test for assessing the association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the event time under the CCH design. The pseudo-score is derived from a pseudo-likelihood which is an estimated retrospective likelihood that treats the SNP genotype as the dependent variable and time-to-event outcome and other covariates as independent variables. It exploits the fact that the genetic variable is often distributed independent of covariates or only related to a low-dimensional subset. Estimates of hazard ratio parameters for association can be obtained by maximizing the pseudo-likelihood. A unique advantage of our method is that it allows the censoring distribution to depend on covariates that are only measured for the CCH sample while not requiring the knowledge of follow-up or covariate information on subjects not selected into the CCH sample. In addition to these flexibilities, the proposed method has high relative efficiency compared with commonly used alternative approaches. We study large sample properties of this method and assess its finite sample performance using both simulated and real data examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Tianxi Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Association of selenoprotein S gene polymorphism with ischemic stroke: how strong is the evidence? Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2015; 26:588-9. [PMID: 26126030 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
32
|
Genetic determinants of quantitative traits associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Mutat Res 2015; 778:18-25. [PMID: 26043189 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Established risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) may be moderated by genetic variants. In 2403 unrelated individuals from general practice (mean age 40.5 years), we evaluated the influence of 15 variants in 12 candidate genes on quantitative traits (QT) associated with CVD (body mass index, abdominal obesity, glucose, serum lipids, and blood pressure). Prior to multiple testing correction, univariate analysis associated APOE rs429358, rs7412 and ATG16L1 rs2241880 variants with serum lipid levels, while LEPR rs1137100 and ATG16L1 rs2241880 variants were linked to obesity related QTs. After taking into account confounding factors and correcting for multiple comparisons only APOE rs429358 and rs7412 variants remained significantly associated with risk of dyslipidemia. APOE rs429358 variant almost tripled the risk in homozygous subjects (OR = 2.97; 95% CI 1.09-8.10, p < 0.03) and had a lesser but still highly significant association also in heterozygous individuals (OR = 1.67; 95% CI 1.24-2.10; p < 0.001). Associations with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome were not significant after Bonferroni correction. The influence of genetic variation is more evident in dyslipidemia than in other analyzed QTs. These results may contribute to strategic research aimed at including genetic variation in the set of data required to identify subjects at high risk of CVD.
Collapse
|
33
|
Association of selenoprotein S gene polymorphism with ischemic stroke in a Chinese case–control study. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2015; 26:131-5. [DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
34
|
Kpozehouen A, Djrolo F, Sossa CJ, Gbary AR, Chouehanou Y, Fambo D, Tchabi Y, Salamon R, Houinato DS. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in Benin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ojepi.2015.53021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
35
|
Radwan ZH, Wang X, Waqar F, Pirim D, Niemsiri V, Hokanson JE, Hamman RF, Bunker CH, Barmada MM, Demirci FY, Kamboh MI. Comprehensive evaluation of the association of APOE genetic variation with plasma lipoprotein traits in U.S. whites and African blacks. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114618. [PMID: 25502880 PMCID: PMC4264772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although common APOE genetic variation has a major influence on plasma LDL-cholesterol, its role in affecting HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides is not well established. Recent genome-wide association studies suggest that APOE also affects plasma variation in HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. It is thus important to resequence the APOE gene to identify both common and uncommon variants that affect plasma lipid profile. Here, we have sequenced the APOE gene in 190 subjects with extreme HDL-cholesterol levels selected from two well-defined epidemiological samples of U.S. non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) and African Blacks followed by genotyping of identified variants in the entire datasets (623 NHWs, 788 African Blacks) and association analyses with major lipid traits. We identified a total of 40 sequence variants, of which 10 are novel. A total of 32 variants, including common tagSNPs (≥5% frequency) and all uncommon variants (<5% frequency) were successfully genotyped and considered for genotype-phenotype associations. Other than the established associations of APOE*2 and APOE*4 with LDL-cholesterol, we have identified additional independent associations with LDL-cholesterol. We have also identified multiple associations of uncommon and common APOE variants with HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. Our comprehensive sequencing and genotype-phenotype analyses indicate that APOE genetic variation impacts HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in addition to affecting LDL-cholesterol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaheda H. Radwan
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xingbin Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Fahad Waqar
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dilek Pirim
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vipavee Niemsiri
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John E. Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Richard F. Hamman
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Clareann H. Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - M. Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - F. Yesim Demirci
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - M. Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Freyburger G, Labrouche S, Hubert C, Bauduer F. Haemostaseome-associated SNPs: has the thrombotic phenotype a greater influence than ethnicity? GMT study from Aquitaine including Basque individuals. Thromb Haemost 2014; 113:66-76. [PMID: 25374097 DOI: 10.1160/th14-02-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Genetic Markers for Thrombosis (GMT) study compared the relative influence of ethnicity and thrombotic phenotype regarding the distribution of SNPs implicated in haemostasis pathophysiology ("haemostaseome"). We assessed 384 SNPs in three groups, each of 480 subjects: 1) general population of Aquitaine region (Southwestern France) used as control; 2) patients with venous thromboembolism from the same area; and 3) autochthonous Basques, a genetic isolate, who demonstrate unusual characteristics regarding the coagulation system. This study sought to evaluate i) the value of looking for a large number of genes in order to identify new genetic markers of thrombosis, ii) the value of investigating low risk factors and potential preferential associations, iii) the impact of ethnicity on the characterisation of markers for thrombosis. We did not detect any previously unrecognised SNP significantly associated with thrombosis risk or any preferential associations of low-risk factors in patients with thrombosis. The sum of ϰ² values for our 110 significant SNPs demonstrated a smaller genetic distance between patients and controls (321 cumulated ϰ² value) than between Basques and controls (1,570 cumulated ϰ² value). Hence, our study confirms the genetic particularity of Basques especially regarding a significantly lower expression of the non-O blood group (p< 0.0004). This is mitigated by a higher prevalence of factor II Leiden (p< 0.02) while factor V Leiden prevalence does not differ. Numerous other differences covering a wide range of proteins of the haemostaseome may result in an overall different genetic risk for venous thromboembolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Freyburger
- Geneviève Freyburger, Laboratory for Hematology, CHU Pellegrin, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France, Tel.: +335 57 820 206, Fax: +335 56 79 60 20, E-mail:
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Huang Y, Ye H, Hong Q, Xu X, Jiang D, Xu L, Dai D, Sun J, Gao X, Duan S. Association of CDKN2BAS polymorphism rs4977574 with coronary heart disease: a case-control study and a meta-analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:17478-92. [PMID: 25268619 PMCID: PMC4227174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151017478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of our study was to explore the significant association between a non-protein coding single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4977574 of CDKN2BAS gene and coronary heart disease (CHD). A total of 590 CHD cases and 482 non-CHD controls were involved in the present association study. A strong association of rs4977574 with CHD was observed in females (genotype: p=0.002; allele: p=0.002, odd ratio (OR)=1.57, 95% confidential interval (CI)=1.18-2.08). Moreover, rs4977574 was more likely to be a risk variant of CHD under the recessive model in females (χ2=10.29, p=0.003, OR=2.14, 95% CI=1.31-2.77). A breakdown analysis by age had shown that there was an 87% increased risk of CHD for females younger than 65 years (genotype: χ2=14.64, degrees of freedom (df)=2, p=0.0002; allele: χ2=11.31, df=1, p=0.0008, OR=1.87, 95% CI=1.30-2.70). Similar observation was also found in males younger than 65 years (genotype: χ2=8.63, df=2, p=0.04; allele: χ2=7.55, df=1, p=0.006, OR=1.45, 95% CI=1.11-1.90). p values were adjusted by age, sex, smoking, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Meta-analysis of 23 studies among 36,452 cases and 39,781 controls showed a strong association between rs4977574 and the risk of CHD (p<0.0001, OR=1.27, 95% CI=1.22-1.31).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China.
| | - Huadan Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Qingxiao Hong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Xuting Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Danjie Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Limin Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Dongjun Dai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China.
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China.
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
LRRK2 mutations in Parkinson's disease: confirmation of a gender effect in the Italian population. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014; 20:911-4. [PMID: 24816003 PMCID: PMC4144811 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relative risk of developing idiopathic PD is 1.5 times greater in men than in women, but an increased female prevalence in LRRK2-carriers has been described in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. We report an update about the frequency of major LRRK2 mutations in a large series of consecutive patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), including extensive characterization of clinical features. In particular, we investigated gender-related differences in motor and non-motor symptoms in the LRRK2 population. METHODS 2976 unrelated consecutive Italian patients with degenerative Parkinsonism were screened for mutations on exon 41 (G2019S, I2020T) and a subgroup of 1190 patients for mutations on exon 31 (R1441C/G/H). Demographic and clinical features were compared between LRRK2-carriers and non-carriers, and between male and female LRRK2 mutation carriers. RESULTS LRRK2 mutations were identified in 40 of 2523 PD patients (1.6%) and not in other primary parkinsonian syndromes. No major clinical differences were found between LRRK2-carriers and non-carriers. We found a novel I2020L missense variant, predicted to be pathogenic. Female gender was more common amongst carriers than non-carriers (57% vs. 40%; p = 0.01), without any gender-related difference in clinical features. Family history of PD was more common in women in the whole PD group, regardless of their LRRK2 status. CONCLUSIONS PD patients with LRRK2 mutations are more likely to be women, suggesting a stronger genetic load compared to idiopathic PD. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether there is a different effect of gender on the balance between genetic and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of PD.
Collapse
|
39
|
Upstream Transcription Factor 1 (USF1) allelic variants regulate lipoprotein metabolism in women and USF1 expression in atherosclerotic plaque. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4650. [PMID: 24722012 PMCID: PMC3983598 DOI: 10.1038/srep04650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) allelic variants significantly influence future risk of cardiovascular disease and overall mortality in females. We investigated sex-specific effects of USF1 gene allelic variants on serum indices of lipoprotein metabolism, early markers of asymptomatic atherosclerosis and their changes during six years of follow-up. In addition, we investigated the cis-regulatory role of these USF1 variants in artery wall tissues in Caucasians. In the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, 1,608 participants (56% women, aged 31.9 ± 4.9) with lipids and cIMT data were included. For functional study, whole genome mRNA expression profiling was performed in 91 histologically classified atherosclerotic samples. In females, serum total, LDL cholesterol and apoB levels increased gradually according to USF1 rs2516839 genotypes TT < CT < CC and rs1556259 AA < AG < GG as well as according to USF1 H3 (GCCCGG) copy number 0 < 1 < 2. Furthermore, the carriers of minor alleles of rs2516839 (C) and rs1556259 (G) of USF1 gene had decreased USF1 expression in atherosclerotic plaques (P = 0.028 and 0.08, respectively) as compared to non-carriers. The genetic variation in USF1 influence USF1 transcript expression in advanced atherosclerosis and regulates levels and metabolism of circulating apoB and apoB-containing lipoprotein particles in sex-dependent manner, but is not a major determinant of early markers of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
40
|
Jenkins KR, Ofstedal MB. The association between socioeconomic status and cardiovascular risk factors among middle-aged and older men and women. Women Health 2014; 54:15-34. [PMID: 24261478 PMCID: PMC5453802 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2013.858098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies of gender differences in the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and cardiovascular risk factors have produced mixed findings. The purpose of this research was to examine whether the association between SES and cardiovascular risk factors differed between older men and women. Using data on physical measures and biomarkers from the 2006 Health and Retirement Study (N = 2,502 men; N = 3,474 women), linear regression models were used to estimate the association between SES and seven cardiovascular risk factors. Interactions between gender and SES were tested. For all seven risks assessed, we observed significant associations of selected SES factors to cardiovascular risk for men and/or women. In all of these cases, lower SES was associated with higher cardiovascular risk. However, for six of the factors, we also observed gender differences in the association between SES and cardiovascular risk, such that lower SES was associated with higher cardiovascular risk for women but not for men. These findings suggest that the association between SES and cardiovascular risk is more pronounced for women than for men. Implementing interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk factors, particularly among older women with lower SES, might, over time, reduce cardiovascular disease in women and improve quality of life.
Collapse
|
41
|
Chesler RM, Ho DW, Ramkissoon K. Women and Cardiovascular Disease: Gender-Based Issues Regarding Detection and Primary Prevention. Health (London) 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2014.620318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
42
|
Franco CK, Silva DR, Barreto SSM. Relationship of body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio with fibrinolytic activity measured as D-dimer. Obes Res Clin Pract 2013; 5:e1-e78. [PMID: 24331009 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY BACKGROUND/AIMS Increased coagulability or impaired fibrinolysis may partly explain how obesity increases cardiovascular disease risk. However, there has been some controversy regarding the relationship of anthropometric measures, like body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and D-dimers. We aimed to determine the relationship of general and visceral obesity to D-dimer in a group of outpatients with different BMI and WHR ranges. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study with adult patients from an outpatient primary health service. BMI, WHR and triceps skin fold were measured. Blood samples were collected from all patients and D-dimer levels were obtained. RESULTS A total of 66 patients were included in the analysis. The patients had a mean age of 54.6 ± 15.3 years. Fifty-three (80.3%) patients were female and 13 (19.7%) were male. The mean BMI, WHR and triceps skin fold were 30.1 ± 6.9 kg/m(2), 0.88 ± 0.08, 20.9 ± 7.6 mm, respectively. For all the study group, D-dimers were positively correlated only with WHR (r = 0.27, p = 0.038). D-Dimers values were not related to BMI and to triceps skin fold. D-Dimers were moderately correlated with WHR in women (r = 0.40, p = 0.021), but not in male patients (r = 0.18, p = 0.601). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that abdominal obesity may lead to disturbances in hemostasis, at least in female patients.
Collapse
|
43
|
Jiang W, Samad Z, Boyle S, Becker RC, Williams R, Kuhn C, Ortel TL, Rogers J, Kuchibhatla M, O'Connor C, Velazquez EJ. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61:714-22. [PMID: 23410543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia. BACKGROUND Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia is prevalent and a risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease, but past studies mainly studied patients with exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. METHODS Eligible patients with clinically stable coronary heart disease, regardless of exercise stress testing status, underwent a battery of 3 mental stress tests followed by a treadmill test. Stress-induced ischemia, assessed by echocardiography and electrocardiography, was defined as: 1) development or worsening of regional wall motion abnormality; 2) left ventricular ejection fraction reduction ≥ 8%; and/or 3) horizontal or downsloping ST-segment depression ≥ 1 mm in 2 or more leads lasting for ≥ 3 consecutive beats during at least 1 mental test or during the exercise test. RESULTS Mental stress-induced ischemia occurred in 43.45%, whereas exercise-induced ischemia occurred in 33.79% (p = 0.002) of the study population (N = 310). Women (odds ratio [OR]: 1.88), patients who were not married (OR: 1.99), and patients who lived alone (OR: 2.24) were more likely to have mental stress-induced ischemia (all p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that compared with married men or men living with someone, unmarried men (OR: 2.57) and married women (OR: 3.18), or living alone (male OR: 2.25 and female OR: 2.72, respectively) had higher risk for mental stress-induced ischemia (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Mental stress-induced ischemia is more common than exercise-induced ischemia in patients with clinically stable coronary heart disease. Women, unmarried men, and individuals living alone are at higher risk for mental stress-induced ischemia. (Responses of Myocardial Ischemia to Escitalopram Treatment [REMIT]; NCT00574847).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Johnson MP, Brennecke SP, East CE, Dyer TD, Roten LT, Proffitt JM, Melton PE, Fenstad MH, Aalto-Viljakainen T, Mäkikallio K, Heinonen S, Kajantie E, Kere J, Laivuori H, Austgulen R, Blangero J, Moses EK. Genetic dissection of the pre-eclampsia susceptibility locus on chromosome 2q22 reveals shared novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Mol Hum Reprod 2013; 19:423-37. [PMID: 23420841 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gat011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia is an idiopathic pregnancy disorder promoting morbidity and mortality to both mother and child. Delivery of the fetus is the only means to resolve severe symptoms. Women with pre-eclamptic pregnancies demonstrate increased risk for later life cardiovascular disease (CVD) and good evidence suggests these two syndromes share several risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. To elucidate the genetic architecture of pre-eclampsia we have dissected our chromosome 2q22 susceptibility locus in an extended Australian and New Zealand familial cohort. Positional candidate genes were prioritized for exon-centric sequencing using bioinformatics, SNPing, transcriptional profiling and QTL-walking. In total, we interrogated 1598 variants from 52 genes. Four independent SNP associations satisfied our gene-centric multiple testing correction criteria: a missense LCT SNP (rs2322659, P = 0.0027), a synonymous LRP1B SNP (rs35821928, P = 0.0001), an UTR-3 RND3 SNP (rs115015150, P = 0.0024) and a missense GCA SNP (rs17783344, P = 0.0020). We replicated the LCT SNP association (P = 0.02) and observed a borderline association for the GCA SNP (P = 0.07) in an independent Australian case-control population. The LRP1B and RND3 SNP associations were not replicated in this same Australian singleton cohort. Moreover, these four SNP associations could not be replicated in two additional case-control populations from Norway and Finland. These four SNPs, however, exhibit pleiotropic effects with several quantitative CVD-related traits. Our results underscore the genetic complexity of pre-eclampsia and present novel empirical evidence of possible shared genetic mechanisms underlying both pre-eclampsia and other CVD-related risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Johnson
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Krupinski J, Slevin M. Emerging molecular targets for brain repair after stroke. Stroke Res Treat 2013; 2013:473416. [PMID: 23365789 PMCID: PMC3556882 DOI: 10.1155/2013/473416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of neuroprotection generated consistent preclinical findings of mechanisms of cell death but these failed to be translated into clinics. The approaches that combine the modulation of the inhibitory environment together with the promotion of intrinsic axonal outgrowth needs further work before combined therapeutic strategies will be transferable to clinic trials. It is likely that only when some answers have been found to these issues will our therapeutic efforts meet our expectations. Stroke is a clinically heterogeneous disease and combinatorial treatments require much greater work in pharmacological and toxicological testing. Advances in genetics and results of the Whole Human Genome Project (HGP) provided new unknown information in relation to stroke. Genetic factors are not the only determinants of responses to some diseases. It was recognized early on that "epigenetic" factors were major players in the aetiology and progression of many diseases like stroke. The major players are microRNAs that represent the best-characterized subclass of noncoding RNAs. Epigenetic mechanisms convert environmental conditions and physiological stresses into long-term changes in gene expression and translation. Epigenetics in stroke are in their infancy but offer great promise for better understanding of stroke pathology and the potential viability of new strategies for its treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Krupinski
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, 08221 Barcelona, Spain
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Mark Slevin
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Williams FMK, Carter AM, Hysi PG, Surdulescu G, Hodgkiss D, Soranzo N, Traylor M, Bevan S, Dichgans M, Rothwell PMW, Sudlow C, Farrall M, Silander K, Kaunisto M, Wagner P, Saarela O, Kuulasmaa K, Virtamo J, Salomaa V, Amouyel P, Arveiler D, Ferrieres J, Wiklund PG, Ikram MA, Hofman A, Boncoraglio GB, Parati EA, Helgadottir A, Gretarsdottir S, Thorsteinsdottir U, Thorleifsson G, Stefansson K, Seshadri S, DeStefano A, Gschwendtner A, Psaty B, Longstreth W, Mitchell BD, Cheng YC, Clarke R, Ferrario M, Bis JC, Levi C, Attia J, Holliday EG, Scott RJ, Fornage M, Sharma P, Furie KL, Rosand J, Nalls M, Meschia J, Mosely TH, Evans A, Palotie A, Markus HS, Grant PJ, Spector TD. Ischemic stroke is associated with the ABO locus: the EuroCLOT study. Ann Neurol 2013; 73:16-31. [PMID: 23381943 PMCID: PMC3582024 DOI: 10.1002/ana.23838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE End-stage coagulation and the structure/function of fibrin are implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. We explored whether genetic variants associated with end-stage coagulation in healthy volunteers account for the genetic predisposition to ischemic stroke and examined their influence on stroke subtype. METHODS Common genetic variants identified through genome-wide association studies of coagulation factors and fibrin structure/function in healthy twins (n = 2,100, Stage 1) were examined in ischemic stroke (n = 4,200 cases) using 2 independent samples of European ancestry (Stage 2). A third clinical collection having stroke subtyping (total 8,900 cases, 55,000 controls) was used for replication (Stage 3). RESULTS Stage 1 identified 524 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 23 linkage disequilibrium blocks having significant association (p < 5 × 10(-8)) with 1 or more coagulation/fibrin phenotypes. The most striking associations included SNP rs5985 with factor XIII activity (p = 2.6 × 10(-186)), rs10665 with FVII (p = 2.4 × 10(-47)), and rs505922 in the ABO gene with both von Willebrand factor (p = 4.7 × 10(-57)) and factor VIII (p = 1.2 × 10(-36)). In Stage 2, the 23 independent SNPs were examined in stroke cases/noncases using MOnica Risk, Genetics, Archiving and Monograph (MORGAM) and Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2 collections. SNP rs505922 was nominally associated with ischemic stroke (odds ratio = 0.94, 95% confidence interval = 0.88-0.99, p = 0.023). Independent replication in Meta-Stroke confirmed the rs505922 association with stroke, beta (standard error, SE) = 0.066 (0.02), p = 0.001, a finding specific to large-vessel and cardioembolic stroke (p = 0.001 and p = < 0.001, respectively) but not seen with small-vessel stroke (p = 0.811). INTERPRETATION ABO gene variants are associated with large-vessel and cardioembolic stroke but not small-vessel disease. This work sheds light on the different pathogenic mechanisms underpinning stroke subtype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frances M K Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Weeks BS, Hanna MS, Cooperstein D. Dietary selenium and selenoprotein function. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18:RA127-132. [PMID: 22847213 PMCID: PMC3560698 DOI: 10.12659/msm.883258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium is a trace mineral and an essential nutrient in the human diet. Selenium is found in soil and water and consequently enters the food chain through the root ways of plants and aquatic organisms. Some areas of the world are low in soil selenium resulting in a selenium deficient population and the appearance of an associated heart disease and bone disorders that can be corrected with dietary selenium. Indeed the requirement for dietary selenium was established by these observations and while selenium deficiency is rare in the West, patients requiring long-term intravenous feedings have also show heart disease associated with a deficiency of selenium in the feeding fluids. Subsequently, it has been established that dietary selenium can improve a wide range of human health conditions even in areas with soil replete in selenium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Weeks
- Department of Biology and Environmental Studies Program, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Verdonk P, Klinge I. Mainstreaming sex and gender analysis in public health genomics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 9:402-10. [PMID: 23164527 DOI: 10.1016/j.genm.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integration of genome-based knowledge into public health or public health genomics (PHG) aims to contribute to disease prevention, health promotion, and risk reduction associated with genetic disease susceptibility. Men and women differ, for instance, in susceptibilities for heart disease, obesity, or depression due to biologic (sex) and sociocultural (gender) factors and their interaction. Genome-based knowledge is rapidly increasing, but sex and gender issues are often not explored. OBJECTIVE To explore the implications of a sex and gender analysis for PHG. METHODS We explore genome-based knowledge in relation to sex and gender aspects using depression as an example, gender equality, and the intersection of sex and gender with other social stratifiers such as ethnic background or socioeconomic status. RESULTS We advocate a sex- and gender-sensitive genomics research agenda alongside studies that provide sex-disaggregated data rather than controls based on sex. Such a research agenda is needed to guide research on how genomics is understood and perceived by men and women across groups, and for the equitable and responsible translation of such knowledge into the public health domain. CONCLUSIONS Including sex and gender analysis in PHG research will not only shed more light on phenomena such as diseases with a higher prevalence in either men or women, but will ultimately lead to gendered innovations by way of exploring how gendered and cultural environments increase or safeguard genetic predispositions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Verdonk
- Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Center, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sevastianova K, Santos A, Kotronen A, Hakkarainen A, Makkonen J, Silander K, Peltonen M, Romeo S, Lundbom J, Lundbom N, Olkkonen VM, Gylling H, Fielding BA, Rissanen A, Yki-Järvinen H. Effect of short-term carbohydrate overfeeding and long-term weight loss on liver fat in overweight humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96:727-34. [PMID: 22952180 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.038695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies have identified a high intake of simple sugars as an important dietary factor predicting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). OBJECTIVE We examined whether overfeeding overweight subjects with simple sugars increases liver fat and de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and whether this is reversible by weight loss. DESIGN Sixteen subjects [BMI (kg/m²): 30.6 ± 1.2] were placed on a hypercaloric diet (>1000 kcal simple carbohydrates/d) for 3 wk and, thereafter, on a hypocaloric diet for 6 mo. The subjects were genotyped for rs739409 in the PNPLA3 gene. Before and after overfeeding and after hypocaloric diet, metabolic variables and liver fat (measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy) were measured. The ratio of palmitate (16:0) to linoleate (18:2n-6) in serum and VLDL triglycerides was used as an index of DNL. RESULTS Carbohydrate overfeeding increased weight (±SEM) by 2% (1.8 ± 0.3 kg; P < 0.0001) and liver fat by 27% from 9.2 ± 1.9% to 11.7 ± 1.9% (P = 0.005). DNL increased in proportion to the increase in liver fat and serum triglycerides in subjects with PNPLA3-148IIbut not PNPLA3-148MM. During the hypocaloric diet, the subjects lost 4% of their weight (3.2 ± 0.6 kg; P < 0.0001) and 25% of their liver fat content (from 11.7 ± 1.9% to 8.8 ± 1.8%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Carbohydrate overfeeding for 3 wk induced a >10-fold greater relative change in liver fat (27%) than in body weight (2%). The increase in liver fat was proportional to that in DNL. Weight loss restores liver fat to normal. These data indicate that the human fatty liver avidly accumulates fat during carbohydrate overfeeding and support a role for DNL in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. This trial was registered at www.hus.fi as 235780.
Collapse
|
50
|
Wagh K, Bhatia A, Alexe G, Reddy A, Ravikumar V, Seiler M, Boemo M, Yao M, Cronk L, Naqvi A, Ganesan S, Levine AJ, Bhanot G. Lactase persistence and lipid pathway selection in the Maasai. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44751. [PMID: 23028602 PMCID: PMC3461017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Maasai are a pastoral people in Kenya and Tanzania, whose traditional diet of milk, blood and meat is rich in lactose, fat and cholesterol. In spite of this, they have low levels of blood cholesterol, and seldom suffer from gallstones or cardiac diseases. Field studies in the 1970s suggested that the Maasai have a genetic adaptation for cholesterol homeostasis. Analysis of HapMap 3 data using Fixation Index (Fst) and two metrics of haplotype diversity: the integrated Haplotype Score (iHS) and the Cross Population Extended Haplotype Homozygosity (XP-EHH), identified genomic regions and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as strong candidates for recent selection for lactase persistence and cholesterol regulation in 143-156 founder individuals from the Maasai population in Kinyawa, Kenya (MKK). The non-synonmous SNP with the highest genome-wide Fst was the TC polymorphism at rs2241883 in Fatty Acid Binding Protein 1(FABP1), known to reduce low density lipoprotein and tri-glyceride levels in Europeans. The strongest signal identified by all three metrics was a 1.7 Mb region on Chr2q21. This region contains the genes LCT (Lactase) and MCM6 (Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component) involved in lactase persistence, and the gene Rab3GAP1 (Rab3 GTPase-activating Protein Catalytic Subunit), which contains polymorphisms associated with total cholesterol levels in a genome-wide association study of >100,000 individuals of European ancestry. Sanger sequencing of DNA from six MKK samples showed that the GC-14010 polymorphism in the MCM6 gene, known to be associated with lactase persistence in Africans, is segregating in MKK at high frequency (∼58%). The Cytochrome P450 Family 3 Subfamily A (CYP3A) cluster of genes, involved in cholesterol metabolism, was identified by Fst and iHS as candidate loci under selection. Overall, our study identified several specific genomic regions under selection in the Maasai which contain polymorphisms in genes associated with lactase persistence and cholesterol regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij Wagh
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|