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Subošić B, Kotur-Stevuljević J, Bogavac-Stanojević N, Zdravković V, Ješić M, Kovačević S, Đuričić I. Circulating Fatty Acids Associate with Metabolic Changes in Adolescents Living with Obesity. Biomedicines 2024; 12:883. [PMID: 38672237 PMCID: PMC11048623 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids play a crucial role in obesity development and in the comorbidities of obesity in both adults and children. This study aimed to assess the impact of circulating fatty acids on biomarkers of metabolic health of adolescents living with obesity. Parameters such as blood lipids, redox status, and leukocyte telomere length (rLTL) were measured alongside the proportions of individual fatty acids. The Mann-Whitney U test revealed that individuals with obesity exhibited an unfavorable lipid and redox status compared to the control normal weight group. The group with obesity also had lower plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and a higher ratio of n-6 to n-3 PUFAs than the control group. They also had a shorter rLTL, indicating accelerated biological aging. There was an inverse association of rLTL and plasma n-6-to-n-3 PUFA ratio. Future studies should explore the impact of recommended nutrition plans and increased physical activity on these parameters to determine if these interventions can enhance the health and well-being of adolescents with obesity, knowing that early obesity can track into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branko Subošić
- Biochemical Laboratory, University Children’s Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Jelena Kotur-Stevuljević
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.K.-S.); (N.B.-S.)
| | - Nataša Bogavac-Stanojević
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.K.-S.); (N.B.-S.)
| | - Vera Zdravković
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, University Children’s Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.Z.); (M.J.); (S.K.)
| | - Maja Ješić
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, University Children’s Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.Z.); (M.J.); (S.K.)
| | - Smiljka Kovačević
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, University Children’s Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.Z.); (M.J.); (S.K.)
| | - Ivana Đuričić
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
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Ling J, Keilp JG, Galfalvy HC, Cardino VN, Ahmed A, Burke AK, Fenton JI, Mann JJ, Sublette ME. Plasma Phospholipid Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Associations with Neurocognition. Nutrients 2023; 15:4542. [PMID: 37960195 PMCID: PMC10650577 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurocognitive deficits are implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidal behavior, and cognitive function may be affected by blood levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Neuroprotective functions have been described for omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs, while omega-6 (n-6) PUFAs exhibit broadly opposing activities. Both classes of PUFAs are linked to MDD and suicidal behavior. However, few studies have investigated the relationships between PUFAs and neurocognitive function with respect to MDD or suicidal behavior. Among participants with MDD (n = 45) and healthy volunteers (HV, n = 30) we assessed performance on tasks of attentional capacity and executive function and its relationship to plasma phospholipid PUFA levels, expressed as a percentage of total plasma phospholipids, for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA%), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA%), and arachidonic acid (AA%). Regression models tested the correlations between PUFA levels and task performance in three groups: MDD with a history of suicide attempt (SA, n = 20), MDD with no attempts (NA, n = 25), and HV. Interaction testing indicated a significant positive correlation of EPA% with continuous performance test scores in the NA group (F = 4.883, df = 2,72, p = 0.01), a measure of sustained attention. The AA% correlated negatively with performance on two executive function tasks, object alternation (beta = -3.97, z-score = -2.67, p = 0.008) and the Wisconsin card sort (beta = 0.80, t-score = -2.16, df = 69, p = 0.035), after adjustment for group and age, with no group effects. Our findings suggest a role for PUFA imbalance in attentional functioning and executive performance; however, no MDD-specific effect was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Ling
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.L.); (J.G.K.); (H.C.G.); (A.A.); (A.K.B.); (J.J.M.)
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - John G. Keilp
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.L.); (J.G.K.); (H.C.G.); (A.A.); (A.K.B.); (J.J.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hanga C. Galfalvy
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.L.); (J.G.K.); (H.C.G.); (A.A.); (A.K.B.); (J.J.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Vanessa N. Cardino
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (V.N.C.); (J.I.F.)
| | - Alyina Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.L.); (J.G.K.); (H.C.G.); (A.A.); (A.K.B.); (J.J.M.)
- Psychology Department, Barnard College, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ainsley K. Burke
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.L.); (J.G.K.); (H.C.G.); (A.A.); (A.K.B.); (J.J.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jenifer I. Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (V.N.C.); (J.I.F.)
| | - J. John Mann
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.L.); (J.G.K.); (H.C.G.); (A.A.); (A.K.B.); (J.J.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - M. Elizabeth Sublette
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.L.); (J.G.K.); (H.C.G.); (A.A.); (A.K.B.); (J.J.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Gayathri R, Abirami K, Kalpana N, Manasa VS, Sudha V, Shobana S, Jeevan RG, Kavitha V, Parkavi K, Anjana RM, Unnikrishnan R, Gokulakrishnan K, Beatrice DA, Krishnaswamy K, Pradeepa R, Mattes RD, Salas-Salvadó J, Willett W, Mohan V. Effect of almond consumption on insulin sensitivity and serum lipids among Asian Indian adults with overweight and obesity- A randomized controlled trial. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1055923. [PMID: 36704786 PMCID: PMC9873375 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1055923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asian Indians have an increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and premature coronary artery disease. Nuts, like almonds, are rich in unsaturated fat and micronutrients with known health benefits. Objectives This study aimed to assess the efficacy of almonds for reduction of insulin resistance and improving lipid profile in overweight Asian Indian adults. Methods This parallel-arm, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in Chennai, India on 400 participants aged 25-65 years with a body mass index ≥ 23 kg/m2. The intervention group received 43 g of almonds/day for 12 weeks, while the control group was advised to consume a customary diet but to avoid nuts. Anthropometric, clinical, and dietary data were assessed at periodic intervals. Glucose tolerance, serum insulin, glycated hemoglobin, C-peptide and lipid profile were assessed at baseline and end of the study. Insulin resistance (homeostasis assessment model-HOMA IR) and oral insulin disposition index (DIo) were calculated. Results A total of 352 participants completed the study. Significant improvement was seen in DIo [mean (95% CI) = + 0.7 mmol/L (0.1, 1.3); p = 0.03], HOMA IR (-0.4 (-0.7, -0.04; p = 0.03) and total cholesterol (-5.4 mg/dl (-10.2, -0.6); p = 0.03) in the intervention group compared to the control group. Incremental area under the curve (IAUC) and mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) assessed using continuous glucose monitoring systems were also significantly lower in the intervention group. Dietary 24-h recalls showed a higher significant reduction in carbohydrate and increase in mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake in the intervention group compared to the control group. Conclusion Daily consumption of almonds increased the intake of MUFA with decrease in carbohydrate calories and decreases insulin resistance, improves insulin sensitivity and lowers serum cholesterol in Asian Indians with overweight/obesity. These effects in the long run could aid in reducing the risk of diabetes and other cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajagopal Gayathri
- Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kuzhandhaivelu Abirami
- Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natarajan Kalpana
- Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Valangaiman Sriram Manasa
- Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vasudevan Sudha
- Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmugam Shobana
- Department of Diabetes Food Technology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raman Ganesh Jeevan
- Department of Diabetes Food Technology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vasudevan Kavitha
- Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthikeyan Parkavi
- Department of Diabetes Food Technology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjit Unnikrishnan
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kuppan Gokulakrishnan
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - D. Annette Beatrice
- Department of Home Science, Women’s Christian College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kamala Krishnaswamy
- Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendra Pradeepa
- Department of Research Operations, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Richard D. Mattes
- Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain,Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Walter Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,*Correspondence: Viswanathan Mohan, , www.drmohansdiabetes.com
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Poudyal NR, Paul KS. Fatty acid uptake in Trypanosoma brucei: Host resources and possible mechanisms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:949409. [PMID: 36478671 PMCID: PMC9719944 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.949409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei spp. causes African Sleeping Sickness in humans and nagana, a wasting disease, in cattle. As T. brucei goes through its life cycle in its mammalian and insect vector hosts, it is exposed to distinct environments that differ in their nutrient resources. One such nutrient resource is fatty acids, which T. brucei uses to build complex lipids or as a potential carbon source for oxidative metabolism. Of note, fatty acids are the membrane anchoring moiety of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchors of the major surface proteins, Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) and the Procyclins, which are implicated in parasite survival in the host. While T. brucei can synthesize fatty acids de novo, it also readily acquires fatty acids from its surroundings. The relative contribution of parasite-derived vs. host-derived fatty acids to T. brucei growth and survival is not known, nor have the molecular mechanisms of fatty acid uptake been defined. To facilitate experimental inquiry into these important aspects of T. brucei biology, we addressed two questions in this review: (1) What is known about the availability of fatty acids in different host tissues where T. brucei can live? (2) What is known about the molecular mechanisms mediating fatty acid uptake in T. brucei? Finally, based on existing biochemical and genomic data, we suggest a model for T. brucei fatty acid uptake that proposes two major routes of fatty acid uptake: diffusion across membranes followed by intracellular trapping, and endocytosis of host lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nava Raj Poudyal
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States,Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center (EPIC), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Kimberly S. Paul
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States,Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center (EPIC), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States,*Correspondence: Kimberly S. Paul,
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5
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Harris CP, Ramlochansingh C, Uhl O, Demmelmair H, Heinrich J, Koletzko B, Standl M, Thiering E. Association of Maternal Diet during Pregnancy and Metabolite Profile in Cord Blood. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101333. [PMID: 36291541 PMCID: PMC9599655 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cord blood metabolites can be predictive of long-term disease risk, but how levels of different metabolites might vary with respect to maternal diet is not well understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of different dietary patterns during pregnancy with cord blood metabolites (including glycerophospholipid fatty acids, polar lipids, non-esterified fatty acids, amino acids, and the sum of hexoses). Participants from the German LISA birth cohort study, with available data on targeted cord blood metabolomics and maternal diet, were included (n = 739). Maternal diet during the last 4 weeks of pregnancy was assessed by a non-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Using factor analysis, ten dietary patterns were identified, which were used in linear regression models exploring associations with cord blood metabolites. After correction for multiple hypothesis testing and adjustment for basic covariates, “fish and shellfish” was associated with higher glycerophospholipid fatty acid C20:5 n3 and lower C22:5 n6, whereas the “meat and potato” pattern was directly associated with propionylcarnitine (C3:0). The observed associations highlight potential metabolic pathways involved in the early programming of health and disease through maternal diet, as well as the potential for establishing quantitative biomarkers for dietary patterns of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla P. Harris
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlana Ramlochansingh
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Olaf Uhl
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU University Hospitals, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Thiering
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
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Goralska J, Razny U, Calder PC, Gruca A, Childs CE, Zabielski P, Dembinska-Kiec A, Banach M, Solnica B, Malczewska-Malec M. Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Plasma Level Influences the Effect of n-3 PUFA Supplementation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081984. [PMID: 36010335 PMCID: PMC9406980 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) levels in obesity may predict the metabolic benefits of n-3 PUFA supplementation. This placebo-controlled trial aimed to analyze fasting and postprandial GIP response to 3-month n-3 PUFA supplementation (1.8 g/d; DHA:EPA, 5:1) along with caloric restriction (1200–1500 kcal/d) in obese subjects. Compliance was confirmed by the incorporation of DHA and EPA into red blood cells (RBCs). Blood analyses of glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), GIP and triglycerides were performed at fasting, and during an oral glucose tolerance test and a high fat mixed-meal tolerance test. Fatty acid composition of RBC was assessed by gas chromatography and total plasma fatty acid content and composition was measured by gas–liquid chromatography. The DHA and EPA content in RBCs significantly increased due to n-3 PUFA supplementation vs. placebo (77% vs. −3%, respectively). N-3 PUFA supplementation improved glucose tolerance and decreased circulating NEFA levels (0.750 vs. 0.615 mmol/L), as well as decreasing plasma saturated (1390 vs. 1001 µg/mL) and monounsaturated (1135 vs. 790 µg/mL) fatty acids in patients with relatively high GIP levels. The effects of n-3 PUFAs were associated with the normalization of fasting (47 vs. 36 pg/mL) and postprandial GIP levels. Obese patients with elevated endogenous GIP could be a target group for n-3 PUFA supplementation in order to achieve effects that obese patients without GIP disturbances can achieve with only caloric restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Goralska
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Urszula Razny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Anna Gruca
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | - Caroline E. Childs
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 2C Mickiewicza Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Aldona Dembinska-Kiec
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bogdan Solnica
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Malczewska-Malec
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
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Maadurshni GB, Tharani GK, Udayakumar I, Nagarajan M, Manivannan J. Al 2O 3 nanoparticles trigger the embryonic hepatotoxic response and potentiate TNF-α-induced apoptosis-modulatory effect of p38 MAPK and JNK inhibitors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:54250-54263. [PMID: 35301628 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidences illustrated that the release of aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3-NPs) into the biosphere may pose risk to the environment and cause adverse effects on living organisms including humans. The current study assessed the hepatotoxic effects of Al2O3-NPs on developing chicken embryo and cell culture models. Results demonstrated that Al2O3-NPs exposure causes histological abnormalities and increased the level of tissue damage markers (ALP, AST, and ALT) in the embryonic liver. Furthermore, increased oxidative stress (TBARS) and impaired function of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) were also observed. Moreover, it adversely affects red blood cells (RBC) morphology, liver metabolism, and stress response gene expression (HO-1 and NQO-1). Dose-dependent ROS generation and cytotoxic response in addition to potentiating effect on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced apoptosis (caspase-3 activity) were also observed. Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways modulates Al2O3-NPs-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Novel mechanisms behind embryonic hepatotoxicity, cytotoxic potentiating effects, and possible prevention strategies have been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ganeshmurthy Kanniamal Tharani
- Environmental Health and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Inbamani Udayakumar
- Environmental Health and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manigandan Nagarajan
- Environmental Health and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeganathan Manivannan
- Environmental Health and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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8
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Nisov A, Nikinmaa M, Nordlund E, Sozer N. Effect of pH and temperature on fibrous structure formation of plant proteins during high-moisture extrusion processing. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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9
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Liu G, Makrides M, Coates P, Lam K, Ranieri E, Mas E, Gibson RA. A rapid method for the screening of fatty acids in lipids in plasma or serum without prior extraction. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 178:102416. [PMID: 35325692 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Serum or plasma are the commonly used blood fractions to determine the relationship between dietary and circulating fatty acids in health and disease. Most methods available for the measurement of fatty acids in serum or plasma (referred to as serum henceforth) require prior extraction with organic solvents. We have determined that it is possible to directly convert the lipids in aqueous biological samples to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) without prior extraction, providing that the ratio of serum to transmethylation solvent does not exceed 10%. Our in-vial transmethylation system uses 50uL serum pipetted into 2 mL screw top GC vials containing 1 mL of 1% H2SO4 in methanol at 50 °C and subsequent FAME extracted in the same vial into 300uL heptane. The system yields both compositional and quantitative analysis of the fatty acids of serum identical to conventional standard methods. Evaluation of our new serum assay confirms significant correlations between the fatty acid measures and those obtained from conventional standard assay for all fatty acids (r > 0.99, P<0.0001), including the n-6 (r = 0.998, P<0.0001) and n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (r = 0.993, P<0.0001). There were high levels of agreement between methods on Bland -Altman analysis, indicating the interchangeability of the methods. These results establish our new method as reliable for the assessment of fatty acid composition of small volumes of serum useful for high throughput situations that limits the volume of organic solvents and technical input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Liu
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, SAHMRI Women and Kids, North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
| | - Maria Makrides
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, SAHMRI Women and Kids, North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
| | | | - Khoa Lam
- SA Pathology, Frome Rd., Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
| | - Enzo Ranieri
- SA Pathology, Frome Rd., Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
| | - Emilie Mas
- SA Pathology, Frome Rd., Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
| | - Robert A Gibson
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, SAHMRI Women and Kids, North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
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Nagarajan M, Raja B, Manivannan J. Exposure to a "safe" dose of environmental pollutant bisphenol A elevates oxidative stress and modulates vasoactive system in hypertensive rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S654-S665. [PMID: 34797181 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211053285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the prevalence of hypertension (one of the major risk factors of CVD) in the population, it is necessary to explore the adverse effects of daily tolerable and "safe" dose of bisphenol A (BPA) under hypertensive conditions. The current study exposed the Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 40 mg/kg b.w/day) induced hypertensive Wistar rats to BPA (50 μg/kg b.w/day) by oral administration along with appropriate controls for 30 days period. The results illustrate that a 'safe' dose of BPA does not influence the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and levels of circulatory biomarkers of tissue damage. On the other hand, BPA exposure significantly (p < 0.05) elevates the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content in plasma and tissues (heart, aorta, liver and kidney) in hypertensive rats when compared with respective control (BPA alone exposed) rats. Similarly, a significant modulation of ROS generation in RBC, plasma nitric oxide (NO) level and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was observed only under hypertensive milieu. In conclusion, the observed adverse effects during 'safe' dose of BPA exposure are specific to the hypertensive condition. Therefore, a precise investigation to explore the effects of BPA exposure in vulnerable hypertensive populations is highly suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manigandan Nagarajan
- Environmental Health and Toxicology Lab, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, 364343Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Boobalan Raja
- Cardiovascular Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, 364050Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
| | - Jeganathan Manivannan
- Environmental Health and Toxicology Lab, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, 364343Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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11
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Serum concentration of fatty acids in children with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutrition 2021; 94:111541. [PMID: 34974284 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been suggested that circulating fatty acids (FAs) take part in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children with obesity. The aims of this study were to evaluate the serum FA concentration in this pediatric population. METHODS The prospective study included 80 children with obesity and suspected liver disease. Patients with viral hepatitis, autoimmune, toxic, and selected metabolic liver diseases were excluded. Criteria for NAFLD diagnosis included liver steatosis in ultrasound as well as elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) serum activity. The total intrahepatic lipid content (TILC) was assessed by magnetic resonance proton spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Fasting serum FA concentrations were measured in all children using gas-liquid chromatography. RESULTS NAFLD was diagnosed in 31 children. Total FA concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in all obese children as well as in obese children with NAFLD compared with controls. In children with NAFLD, a significant, positive correlation was found between total FA concentration and cholesterol (R = 0.47, P < 0.01), triacylglycerols (R = 0.78, P < 0.001), and insulin (R = 0.45, P < 0.011). In a group of children with obesity, TILC correlated positively with saturated FA concentration (R = 0.23, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Data from the present study do support the hypothesis that FAs are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD in children with obesity.
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12
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Oleanolic Acid-Enriched Olive Oil Alleviates the Interleukin-6 Overproduction Induced by Postprandial Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in THP-1 Macrophages. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103471. [PMID: 34684472 PMCID: PMC8537268 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA), a triterpene that is highly present in olive leaves, has been proposed as a component of functional foods for the prevention of metabolic syndrome, due to its anti-inflammatory activity. We analyzed the effects of OA on inflammatory parameters and signaling proteins in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. Thus, THP-1 macrophages were incubated with LPS for 48 h after pretreatment with OA at different concentrations. Pretreatment with OA was significantly effective in attenuating IL-6 and TNF-α overproduction induced by LPS in macrophages, and also improved the levels of AMPK-α. We also evaluated the effects of human triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) derived from individuals consuming an OA-enriched functional olive oil. For this purpose, TRLs were isolated from healthy adolescents before, 2 and 5 h postprandially after the intake of a meal containing the functional olive oil or common olive oil, and were incubated with THP-1 macrophages. THP-1 macrophages incubated with TRLs isolated at 2 h after the consumption of the OA-enriched olive oil showed significant lower levels of IL-6 compared to the TRLs derived from olive oil. Our results suggest that OA might have potential to be used as a lipid-based formulation in functional olive oils to prevent inflammatory processes underlying metabolic syndrome in adolescents.
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13
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Kozłowska D, Myśliwiec H, Harasim-Symbor E, Milewska AJ, Chabowski A, Flisiak I. Serum fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) as a potential biomarker of inflammation in psoriasis. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4421-4429. [PMID: 34131888 PMCID: PMC8260421 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) is elevated in psoriatic keratinocytes and could be involved in systemic metabolic disturbances in psoriasis. The aim of the study was to evaluate serum FABP5 in obese and non-obese psoriatic patients, to assess the relationship between FABP5 and the duration, severity of the disease, inflammatory and metabolic markers and influence of treatment with narrowband-ultraviolet B (NB-UVB). Seventy-four patients (30 treated with NB-UVB) with psoriasis were enrolled in the study. The serum concentrations of FABP5 were measured using Human FABP5 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay kit. Serum fatty acids were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Serum FABP5 levels in psoriatic patients were higher versus control group (P < 0.001). FABP5 in patients with PASI > 20 was higher compared to the mild group (PASI < 10) (P < 0.001) and serum FABP5 correlated positively with PASI score (r = 0.41, P < 0.001). There was also positive correlation between FABP5 and basic inflammation indices. Decrease of PASI after NB-UVB treatment (P < 0.001) was observed and accompanied by decrease of the serum FABP5 (P = 0.007). FABP5 is a potential marker of psoriasis, its severity and clinical outcome after therapy with NB-UVB. FABP5 may reflect metabolic disturbances in psoriatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kozłowska
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Bialystok, Żurawia str. 14, 15-540, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Hanna Myśliwiec
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Bialystok, Żurawia str. 14, 15-540, Białystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Harasim-Symbor
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Justyna Milewska
- Department of Statistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Iwona Flisiak
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Bialystok, Żurawia str. 14, 15-540, Białystok, Poland
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14
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Lipid profile disturbances may predispose psoriatic patients to liver dysfunction. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2021; 38:310-318. [PMID: 34408599 PMCID: PMC8362751 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2021.106209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with metabolic disturbances and liver dysfunction. Both serum fatty acids (FA) and ceramides (Cer) have structural functions but also are signal molecules that could be involved in the pathogenesis of liver dysfunction. AIM To assess the concentration of the circulating FA and Cer in correlation with the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) blood level in psoriatic patients. In addition, we have examined the relationship between ALT concentration and severity of the disease and inflammation markers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty-five patients with psoriasis and 32 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to ALT blood levels. Serum concentration of 14 FA and 14 Cer were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. The results were correlated with the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), serum lipid profile, and inflammatory markers. RESULTS We observed higher PASI score (p = 0.01) and higher C-reactive protein (p = 0.02) concentration in the group of psoriatic patients with high ALT. Serum ALT positively correlated with saturated fatty acids (SFA) (p = 0.01, r = 0.27) and SFA/unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) ratio (p = 0.01, r = 0.26). ALT negatively correlated with UFA level (p = 0.008, r = -0.28). Lignoceric ceramide positively correlated with ALT level (r = 0.22; p = 0.045) in psoriatic patients. CONCLUSIONS Patients with severe psoriasis are predisposed to the development of liver dysfunction. We have demonstrated disturbances of serum fatty acid and sphingolipid profile in psoriatic patients, which may trigger liver disease.
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15
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Markey O, Vasilopoulou D, Kliem KE, Fagan CC, Grandison AS, Sutton R, Humphries DJ, Todd S, Jackson KG, Givens DI, Lovegrove JA. Postprandial Fatty Acid Profile, but Not Cardiometabolic Risk Markers, Is Modulated by Dairy Fat Manipulation in Adults with Moderate Cardiovascular Disease Risk: The Randomized Controlled REplacement of SaturatEd fat in dairy on Total cholesterol (RESET) Study. J Nutr 2021; 151:1755-1768. [PMID: 33758921 PMCID: PMC8327197 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic consumption of dairy products with an SFA-reduced, MUFA-enriched content was shown to impact favorably on brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). However, their acute effect on postprandial cardiometabolic risk biomarkers requires investigation. OBJECTIVE The effects of sequential high-fat mixed meals rich in fatty acid (FA)-modified or conventional (control) dairy products on postprandial FMD (primary outcome) and systemic cardiometabolic biomarkers in adults with moderate cardiovascular risk (≥50% above the population mean) were compared. METHODS In a randomized crossover trial, 52 participants [mean ± SEM age: 53 ± 2 y; BMI (kg/m2) 25.9 ± 0.5] consumed a high-dairy-fat breakfast (0 min; ∼50 g total fat: modified: 25 g SFAs, 20 g MUFAs; control: 32 g SFAs, 12 g MUFAs) and lunch (330 min; ∼30 g total fat; modified: 15 g SFAs, 12 g MUFAs; control: 19 g SFAs, 7 g MUFAs). Blood samples were obtained before and until 480 min after breakfast, with FMD assessed at 0, 180, 300, and 420 min. Data were analyzed by linear mixed models. RESULTS Postprandial changes in cardiometabolic biomarkers were comparable between the different dairy meals, with the exception of a tendency for a 4% higher AUC for the %FMD response following the modified-dairy-fat meals (P = 0.075). Plasma total lipid FA analysis revealed that incremental AUC responses were 53% lower for total SFAs, 214% and 258% higher for total cis-MUFAs (predominantly cis-9 18:1), and trans-18:1, respectively, following the modified relative to the control dairy meals (all P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In adults at moderate cardiovascular risk, acute consumption of sequential high-fat meals containing FA-modified dairy products had little impact on postprandial endothelial function or systemic cardiometabolic biomarkers, but a differential effect on the plasma total lipid FA profile, relative to conventional dairy fat meals.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02089035.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oonagh Markey
- Present address for OM: School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Dafni Vasilopoulou
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty E Kliem
- Animal, Dairy, and Food Chain Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Colette C Fagan
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair S Grandison
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Sutton
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - David J Humphries
- Animal, Dairy, and Food Chain Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Todd
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - David I Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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16
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Płatek T, Polus A, Góralska J, Raźny U, Dziewońska A, Micek A, Dembińska-Kieć A, Solnica B, Malczewska-Malec M. Epigenetic Regulation of Processes Related to High Level of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Obese Subjects. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:307. [PMID: 33670024 PMCID: PMC7926457 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesised that epigenetics may play an important role in mediating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) resistance in obesity. We aimed to evaluate DNA methylation changes and miRNA pattern in obese subjects associated with high serum FGF21 levels. The study included 136 participants with BMI 27-45 kg/m2. Fasting FGF21, glucose, insulin, GIP, lipids, adipokines, miokines and cytokines were measured and compared in high serum FGF21 (n = 68) group to low FGF21 (n = 68) group. Human DNA Methylation Microarrays were analysed in leukocytes from each group (n = 16). Expression of miRNAs was evaluated using quantitative PCR-TLDA. The study identified differentially methylated genes in pathways related to glucose transport, insulin secretion and signalling, lipid transport and cellular metabolism, response to nutrient levels, thermogenesis, browning of adipose tissue and bone mineralisation. Additionally, it detected transcription factor genes regulating FGF21 and fibroblast growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor pathways regulation. Increased expression of hsa-miR-875-5p and decreased expression of hsa-miR-133a-3p, hsa-miR-185-5p and hsa-miR-200c-3p were found in the group with high serum FGF21. These changes were associated with high FGF21, VEGF and low adiponectin serum levels. Our results point to a significant role of the epigenetic regulation of genes involved in metabolic pathways related to FGF21 action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Płatek
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 15a Kopernika Street, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (J.G.); (U.R.); (A.D.); (A.D.-K.); (B.S.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Anna Polus
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 15a Kopernika Street, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (J.G.); (U.R.); (A.D.); (A.D.-K.); (B.S.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Joanna Góralska
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 15a Kopernika Street, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (J.G.); (U.R.); (A.D.); (A.D.-K.); (B.S.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Urszula Raźny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 15a Kopernika Street, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (J.G.); (U.R.); (A.D.); (A.D.-K.); (B.S.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Agnieszka Dziewońska
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 15a Kopernika Street, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (J.G.); (U.R.); (A.D.); (A.D.-K.); (B.S.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Agnieszka Micek
- Department of Nursing Management and Epidemiology Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 25 Kopernika Street, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Aldona Dembińska-Kieć
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 15a Kopernika Street, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (J.G.); (U.R.); (A.D.); (A.D.-K.); (B.S.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Bogdan Solnica
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 15a Kopernika Street, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (J.G.); (U.R.); (A.D.); (A.D.-K.); (B.S.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Małgorzata Malczewska-Malec
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 15a Kopernika Street, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (J.G.); (U.R.); (A.D.); (A.D.-K.); (B.S.); (M.M.-M.)
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17
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Olsen T, Øvrebø B, Turner C, Bastani NE, Refsum H, Vinknes KJ. Effects of short-term methionine and cysteine restriction and enrichment with polyunsaturated fatty acids on oral glucose tolerance, plasma amino acids, fatty acids, lactate and pyruvate: results from a pilot study. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:43. [PMID: 33531059 PMCID: PMC7852127 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In this 7-day pilot study we randomized healthy, normal-weight men and women to either a dietary intervention with methionine and cysteine restriction enriched in PUFA (Met/Cyslow + PUFA, n = 7) or with high contents of methionine, cysteine and SFA (Met/Cyshigh + SFA, n = 7). The objective was to describe the short-term responses in oral glucose tolerance, amino acid profile, total fatty acid profile, pyruvate and lactate following a Met/Cyslow + PUFA diet vs. Met/Cyshigh + SFA. Results The diet groups consisted of five women and two men, aged 20–38 years. After the 7-d intervention median pre- and post-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose concentrations were 5 mmol/L and 4 mmol/L respectively in the Met/Cyslow + PUFA group. In the Met/Cyshigh + SFA group, median pre- and post-OGTT glucose concentrations were 4.8 mmol/L and 4.65 mmol/L after the 7-d intervention. The responses in the amino acid profiles were similar in both groups during the intervention with the exception of serine. Fatty acids decreased from baseline to day 7 in both groups. Plasma lactate and pyruvate were similar for both groups with an increase to day 3 before approaching baseline values at day 7. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02647970, registration date: January 6th 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Biosciences, Domus Medica, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bente Øvrebø
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Biosciences, Domus Medica, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, 4604, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Cheryl Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Nasser E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Biosciences, Domus Medica, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Biosciences, Domus Medica, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Biosciences, Domus Medica, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Nisov A, Aisala H, Holopainen-Mantila U, Alakomi HL, Nordlund E, Honkapää K. Comparison of Whole and Gutted Baltic Herring as a Raw Material for Restructured Fish Product Produced by High-Moisture Extrusion Cooking. Foods 2020; 9:foods9111541. [PMID: 33114534 PMCID: PMC7692608 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in using undervalued forage fish for human consumption has recently increased due to its environmental benefits. However, feasible strategies to process the undervalued fish species to food use are limited. Therefore, this study investigated the possibility to utilise whole (ungutted) Baltic herring as a raw material for hybrid plant-fish meat analogues produced by high-moisture extrusion cooking. The sample properties were compared with ungutted Baltic herring. Produced meat analogues showed sufficiently high microbial quality, with spoilage microbes showing growth levels of under 1.4 log CFU/g. Whole fish and gutted fish extrudates showed uniform flavour- and odour-related sensory profiles. Colour values of the whole fish (L* 57.8) extrudates were similar to the values of gutted fish extrudates (L* 62.0). The whole and gutted fish extrudates had tensile strength in a cross-cut direction of 25.5 and 46.3 kPa, respectively. This correlated with the tearing force of the extrudates analysed by a trained sensory panel. Furthermore, a more explicit protein network was microscopically observed in gutted fish than in whole fish extrudates. The present study showed that high-moisture extrusion cooking enables the use of whole small-sized fish for human consumption.
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19
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Olivieri O, Speziali G, Castagna A, Pattini P, Udali S, Pizzolo F, Liesinger L, Gindlhuber J, Tomin T, Schittmayer M, Birner-Gruenberger R, Cecconi D, Girelli D, Friso S, Martinelli N. The Positive Association between Plasma Myristic Acid and ApoCIII Concentrations in Cardiovascular Disease Patients Is Supported by the Effects of Myristic Acid in HepG2 Cells. J Nutr 2020; 150:2707-2715. [PMID: 32710763 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the settings of primary and secondary prevention for coronary artery disease (CAD), a crucial role is played by some key molecules involved in triglyceride (TG) metabolism, such as ApoCIII. Fatty acid (FA) intake is well recognized as a main determinant of plasma lipids, including plasma TG concentration. OBJECTIVES The aim was to investigate the possible relations between the intakes of different FAs, estimated by their plasma concentrations, and circulating amounts of ApoCIII. METHODS Plasma samples were obtained from 1370 subjects with or without angiographically demonstrated CAD (mean ± SD age: 60.6 ± 11.0 y; males: 75.8%; BMI: 25.9 ± 4.6 kg/m2; CAD: 73.3%). Plasma lipid, ApoCIII, and FA concentrations were measured. Data were analyzed by regression models adjusted for FAs and other potential confounders, such as sex, age, BMI, diabetes, smoking, and lipid-lowering therapies. The in vitro effects of FAs were tested by incubating HepG2 hepatoma cells with increasing concentrations of selected FAs, and the mRNA and protein contents in the cells were quantified by real-time RT-PCR and LC-MS/MS analyses. RESULTS Among all the analyzed FAs, myristic acid (14:0) showed the most robust correlations with both TGs (R = 0.441, P = 2.6 × 10-66) and ApoCIII (R = 0.327, P = 1.1 × 10-31). By multiple regression analysis, myristic acid was the best predictor of both plasma TG and ApoCIII variability. Plasma TG and ApoCIII concentrations increased progressively at increasing concentrations of myristic acid, independently of CAD diagnosis and gender. Consistent with these data, in the in vitro experiments, an ∼2-fold increase in the expression levels of the ApoCIII mRNA and protein was observed after incubation with 250 μM myristic acid. A weaker effect (∼30% increase) was observed for palmitic acid, whereas incubation with oleic acid did not affect ApoCIII protein or gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Plasma myristic acid is associated with increased ApoCIII concentrations in cardiovascular patients. In vitro experiments indicated that myristic acid stimulates ApoCIII expression in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Udali
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Laura Liesinger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Juergen Gindlhuber
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tamara Tomin
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias Schittmayer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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20
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Płatek T, Polus A, Góralska J, Raźny U, Gruca A, Kieć-Wilk B, Zabielski P, Kapusta M, Słowińska-Solnica K, Solnica B, Malczewska-Malec M, Dembińska-Kieć A. DNA methylation microarrays identify epigenetically regulated lipid related genes in obese patients with hypercholesterolemia. Mol Med 2020; 26:93. [PMID: 33028190 PMCID: PMC7539457 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetics can contribute to lipid disorders in obesity. The DNA methylation pattern can be the cause or consequence of high blood lipids. The aim of the study was to investigate the DNA methylation profile in peripheral leukocytes associated with elevated LDL-cholesterol level in overweight and obese individuals. METHODS To identify the differentially methylated genes, genome-wide DNA methylation microarray analysis was performed in leukocytes of obese individuals with high LDL-cholesterol (LDL-CH, ≥ 3.4 mmol/L) versus control obese individuals with LDL-CH, < 3.4 mmol/L. Biochemical tests such as serum glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, FGF19, FGF21, GIP and total plasma fatty acids content have been determined. Oral glucose and lipid tolerance tests were also performed. Human DNA Methylation Microarray (from Agilent Technologies) containing 27,627 probes for CpG islands was used for screening of DNA methylation status in 10 selected samples. Unpaired t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used for biochemical and anthropometric parameters statistics. For microarrays analysis, fold of change was calculated comparing hypercholesterolemic vs control group. The q-value threshold was calculated using moderated Student's t-test followed by Benjamini-Hochberg multiple test correction FDR. RESULTS In this preliminary study we identified 190 lipid related CpG loci differentially methylated in hypercholesterolemic versus control individuals. Analysis of DNA methylation profiles revealed several loci engaged in plasma lipoprotein formation and metabolism, cholesterol efflux and reverse transport, triglycerides degradation and fatty acids transport and β-oxidation. Hypermethylation of CpG loci located in promoters of genes regulating cholesterol metabolism: PCSK9, LRP1, ABCG1, ANGPTL4, SREBF1 and NR1H2 in hypercholesterolemic patients has been found. Novel epigenetically regulated CpG sites include ABCG4, ANGPTL4, AP2A2, AP2M1, AP2S1, CLTC, FGF19, FGF1R, HDLBP, LIPA, LMF1, LRP5, LSR, NR1H2 and ZDHHC8 genes. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that obese individuals with hypercholesterolemia present specific DNA methylation profile in genes related to lipids transport and metabolism. Detailed knowledge of epigenetic regulation of genes, important for lipid disorders in obesity, underlies the possibility to influence target genes by changing diet and lifestyle, as DNA methylation is reversible and depends on environmental factors. These findings give rise for further studies on factors that targets methylation of revealed genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Płatek
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 15a, 31-501, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna Polus
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 15a, 31-501, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Góralska
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 15a, 31-501, Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Raźny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 15a, 31-501, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Gruca
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 15a, 31-501, Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Kieć-Wilk
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 15a, 31-501, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital in Krakow, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Maria Kapusta
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 15a, 31-501, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krystyna Słowińska-Solnica
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 15a, 31-501, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bogdan Solnica
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 15a, 31-501, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Malczewska-Malec
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 15a, 31-501, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aldona Dembińska-Kieć
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 15a, 31-501, Kraków, Poland
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Resanović I, Gluvić Z, Zarić B, Sudar-Milovanović E, Vučić V, Arsić A, Nedić O, Šunderić M, Gligorijević N, Milačić D, Isenović ER. Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Fatty Acid Composition and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 in Adult Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Pilot Study. Can J Diabetes 2020; 44:22-29. [PMID: 31311728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic changes in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) impair vasodilation, and this leads to tissue hypoxia and microvascular pathology. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) can significantly improve the outcome of ischemic conditions in T1DM patients and reduce vascular complications. The aim of our study was to assess the effects of HBOT on plasma fatty acid (FA) composition, and expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) in T1DM patients. METHODS Our study included 24 adult T1DM patients diagnosed with peripheral vascular complications. The patients were exposed to 10 sessions of 100% oxygen inhalation at 2.4 atmosphere absolute for 1 hour. Blood samples were collected at admission and after HBOT for measurement of metabolic parameters, FA composition and IGFBP-1. Measurement of plasma FA composition was determined by gas chromatography. Expression of IGFBP-1 in the serum was estimated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS HBOT decreased blood levels of total cholesterol (p<0.05), triglycerides (p<0.05) and low-density lipoprotein (p<0.05). HBOT increased plasma levels of individual FAs: palmitic acid (p<0.05), palmitoleic acid (p<0.05), docosapentaenoic acid (p<0.05) and docosahexaenoic acid (p<0.01), and decreased levels of stearic acid (p<0.05), alpha linolenic acid (p<0.05) and linoleic acid (p<0.01). Expression of IGFBP-1 (p<0.01) was increased, whereas the level of insulin (p<0.001) was decreased in the serum after HBOT. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that HBOT exerts beneficial effects in T1DM patients by improving the lipid profile and altering FA composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Resanović
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinča, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Zoran Gluvić
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Zemun Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Božidarka Zarić
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinča, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Emina Sudar-Milovanović
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinča, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Vučić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Arsić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olgica Nedić
- Department for Metabolism, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Šunderić
- Department for Metabolism, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Gligorijević
- Department for Metabolism, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Davorka Milačić
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Zemun Clinical Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Esma R Isenović
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinča, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Stomatology, Pančevo, University Business Academy, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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Beneficial effects of pomegranate peel extract on plasma lipid profile, fatty acids levels and blood pressure in patients with diabetes mellitus type-2: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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23
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Mysliwiec H, Harasim-Symbor E, Baran A, Szterling-Jaworowska M, Milewska AJ, Chabowski A, Flisiak I. Abnormal serum fatty acid profile in psoriatic arthritis. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:1407-1414. [PMID: 31749868 PMCID: PMC6855161 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.89451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events and metabolic syndrome than psoriasis without arthritis. Fatty acids (FA) play an important role as signaling molecules in inflammatory and metabolic pathways. The aim of the study was to evaluate serum FA concentration in patients with PsA and to investigate the correlations of FA with the clinical and biochemical markers. MATERIAL AND METHODS We measured 14 FA serum concentrations by gas-liquid chromatography and flame-ionization detector after direct transesterification in 54 psoriatic patients (including 14 PsA patients) and 32 healthy controls. FA were divided according to their biologic properties into: saturated FA (SFA) and unsaturated FA (UFA), subdivided into monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA). RESULTS The results were correlated with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), inflammatory and biochemical markers and lipid profile. We observed an abnormal FA profile in both psoriasis and PsA. We demonstrated lower concentrations of 10 FA in psoriasis and 7 in PsA. Patients with joint disease had a significantly higher percentage of SFA (p = 0.016) and MUFA (p = 0.001) and lower percentage of PUFA (p < 0.001) than the control group. The SFA/UFA ratio was significantly higher (p = 0.02) in PsA than in psoriasis and the controls. In the group of PsA the concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (p = 0.027) and n-3 PUFA (p = 0.031) correlated inversely with PASI. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate a changed FA profile both in psoriasis and PsA and reflect metabolic status that may predispose to the development of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Mysliwiec
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Harasim-Symbor
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Baran
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Anna J Milewska
- Department of Statistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Iwona Flisiak
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Effect of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (Pcsk9) Content and Lipid Metabolism in the Blood Plasma and Liver of Obese Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092174. [PMID: 31510106 PMCID: PMC6770019 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, obesity and its complications are heavy burdens to western civilization. Surgical procedures remain one of the available therapies for obesity and obesity-associated diseases treatment. Among them, sleeve gastrectomy is the most common bariatric procedure. Despite the well-established fact that sleeve gastrectomy results in significant weight loss, some of its other divergent effects still need to be established. To fulfill this knowledge gap, we examined whether sleeve gastrectomy affects lipid metabolism in the plasma and liver of obese rats. We demonstrated that chronic high-fat diet feeding led to an increment in the level of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin (PCSK)-a regulator of plasma cholesterol concentration-in the liver, which was decreased after the gastrectomy. Moreover, we noticed significant increases in both plasma and liver contents of free fatty acids, diacylgycerides and triacylglycerides in the obese animals, with their reduction after the bariatric surgery. In conclusion, we revealed, presumably for the first time, that sleeve gastrectomy affects lipid metabolism in the liver of obese rats.
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25
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Arsic A, Pesic G, Petrovic S, Matic A, Jeremic J, Jakovljevic V, Vucic V. Adverse plasma fatty acid composition in patients with femoral neck fracture 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 98:61-66. [PMID: 31491342 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Our study aimed to examine the status of plasma fatty acids (FAs), inflammatory markers, and lipid peroxidation in patients with femoral neck fractures. The study included 20 patients (64-86 years) with femoral neck fractures indicated for surgery and a control group of 17 elderly subjects without fractures or serious chronic diseases. Plasma was obtained during the first 12 h postfracture and presurgery and 7 days postop. Compared to the control, patients had significantly higher saturated FA (SFA) and monounsaturated FA as well as increased TNF-α and IL-6. Opposite to that, levels of individual and total n-6 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), individual and total n-3 PUFA, n-6/n-3 ratio, and levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were markedly lower in the patient than in the controls. On the seventh day after the surgery, we showed a further rise in the SFA, oleic acid, and TNF-α and reductions of n-6 PUFA and IL-6. Taken together, our results suggest that altered FA status, especially reduced PUFA, may influence hip fracture repair and even contribute to femoral fracture susceptibility in the elderly. A potential benefit from nutritional intervention with PUFA in prevention and (or) fracture healing should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Arsic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Pesic
- Orthopedic and Traumatology Clinic, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Snjezana Petrovic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Matic
- Clinic of Orthopedic Surgery, Clinical Centre of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vesna Vucic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Alqarni A, Mcintyre KJ, Brown SHJ, Meyer BJ, Mitchell TW. A High-Throughput Method for the Analysis of Erythrocyte Fatty Acids and the Omega-3 Index. Lipids 2019; 53:1005-1015. [PMID: 30592061 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) have several health benefits. In particular, low n-3 LCPUFA status is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and led to the development of the omega-3 index that is the proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the erythrocyte membranes, as a marker of CVD risk. Most methods used to measure the omega-3 index are laborious and time consuming. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a high-throughput method for the extraction and measurement of erythrocyte fatty acids and the omega-3 index. For sample extraction and quantification, two methods were used; a single-step extraction, degradation, and derivatization method by Lepage and Roy, followed by gas chromatography flame ionization detection (GC-FID), which is commonly used and a high-throughput method using an automated methyl tert-butyl ether extraction followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Both methods were first applied to the analysis of known concentrations of synthetic phospholipid (PL) mixtures to determine recovery and precision prior to their application in the analysis of human erythrocytes. The range of recoveries over five synthetic PL mixtures were 86.4-108.9% and the coefficient of variation was <10% (within-run) and ≤15.2% (between-run). Both methods showed high correlation (R = 0.993) for the omega-3 index and there was no systematic bias in the detection of omega-3 index using either method. The new high-throughput method described here offers considerable advantages in terms of simplicity and throughput compared to the GC-FID method and provides additional information on molecular PL concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayedh Alqarni
- School of Medicine and Lipid Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam city, 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiara J Mcintyre
- School of Medicine and Lipid Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Simon H J Brown
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Barbara J Meyer
- School of Medicine and Lipid Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Todd W Mitchell
- School of Medicine and Lipid Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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Milic P, Jeremic J, Zivkovic V, Srejovic I, Jeremic N, Bradic J, Nikolic Turnic T, Milosavljevic I, Bolevich S, Bolevich S, Labudovic Borovic M, Arsic A, Mitrovic M, Jakovljevic V, Vucic V. Effects of different dietary regimes alone or in combination with standardized Aronia melanocarpa extract supplementation on lipid and fatty acids profiles in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 461:141-150. [PMID: 31359243 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated different dietary strategies, high-fat (HFd), or standard diet (Sd) alone or in combination with standardized Aronia melanocarpa extract (SAE), as a polyphenol-rich diet, and their effects on lipids and fatty acids (FA) in rats with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into two groups: healthy and rats with MetS, and then depending on dietary patterns on six groups: healthy rats fed with Sd, healthy rats fed with Sd and SAE, rats with MetS fed with HFd, rats with MetS fed with HFd and SAE, rats with MetS fed with Sd, and rats with MetS fed with Sd and SAE. 4 weeks later, after an overnight fast (12-14 h), blood for determination of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), index of lipid peroxidation (measured as TBARS), and FA was collected. Increased FA and lipid concentration found in MetS rats were reduced when changing dietary habits from HFd to Sd with or without SAE consumption. Consumption of SAE slightly affects the FA profiles, mostly palmitoleic acid in healthy rats and PUFA in MetS + HFd rats. Nevertheless, in a high-fat diet, SAE supplementation significantly decreases n-6/n-3 ratio, thereby decreasing systemic inflammation. Further researches are warranted to confirm these effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Milic
- High Medical School of Professional Studies in Cuprija, Lole Ribara 1/2, Cuprija, 35 000, Serbia
| | - Jovana Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34 000, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34 000, Serbia
| | - Ivan Srejovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34 000, Serbia
| | - Nevena Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34 000, Serbia
| | - Jovana Bradic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34 000, Serbia
| | - Tamara Nikolic Turnic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34 000, Serbia
| | - Isidora Milosavljevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34 000, Serbia
| | - Sergey Bolevich
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya street 8, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Stefani Bolevich
- Department of Pathophysiology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya street 8, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Milica Labudovic Borovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology "Aleksandar Dj. Kostic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotic 8, Belgrade, 11 000, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Arsic
- Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, Belgrade, 11 129, Serbia
| | | | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34 000, Serbia. .,Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya street 8, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
| | - Vesna Vucic
- Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, Belgrade, 11 129, Serbia
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PUFA status at birth and allergy-related phenotypes in childhood: a pooled analysis of the Maastricht Essential Fatty Acid Birth (MEFAB) and RHEA birth cohorts. Br J Nutr 2019; 119:202-210. [PMID: 29359683 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517003348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lower prenatal exposure to n-3 PUFA relative to n-6 PUFA has been hypothesised to influence allergy development, but evidence remains largely inconsistent. In the Dutch Maastricht Essential Fatty Acid Birth (MEFAB) (n 293) and Greek RHEA Mother-Child (n 213) cohorts, we investigated whether cord blood phospholipid PUFA concentrations are associated with symptoms of wheeze, asthma, rhinitis and eczema at the age of 6-7 years. Information on allergy-related phenotypes was collected using validated questionnaires. We estimated relative risks (RR) and 95 % CI for associations of PUFA with child outcomes using multivariable generalised linear regression models. In pooled analyses, higher concentration of the n-3 long-chain EPA and DHA and a higher total n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio were associated with lower risk of current wheeze (RR 0·61; 95 % CI 0·45, 0·82 per sd increase in EPA+DHA and 0·54; 95 % CI 0·39, 0·75 per unit increase in the n-3:n-6 ratio) and reduced asthma risk (RR 0·50; 95 % CI 0·31, 0·79 for EPA+DHA and 0·43; 95 % CI 0·26, 0·70 for the n-3:n-6 ratio). No associations were observed for other allergy-related phenotypes. The results were similar across cohorts. In conclusion, higher EPA and DHA concentrations and a higher n-3:n-6 fatty acid ratio at birth were associated with lower risk of child wheeze and asthma. Our findings suggest that dietary interventions resulting in a marked increase in the n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio, and mainly in n-3 long-chain PUFA intake in late gestation, may reduce the risk of asthma symptoms in mid-childhood.
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Olsen T, Øvrebø B, Turner C, Bastani NE, Refsum H, Vinknes KJ. Combining Dietary Sulfur Amino Acid Restriction with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake in Humans: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121822. [PMID: 30477080 PMCID: PMC6315936 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary and plasma total cysteine (tCys) have been associated with adiposity, possibly through interaction with stearoyl–CoA desaturase (SCD), which is an enzyme that is involved in fatty acid and energy metabolism. We evaluated the effect of a dietary intervention with low cysteine and methionine and high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on plasma and urinary sulfur amino acids and SCD activity indices. Fourteen normal-weight healthy subjects were randomized to a seven-day diet low in cysteine and methionine and high in PUFAs (Cys/Metlow + PUFA), or high in saturated fatty acids (SFA), cysteine, and methionine (Cys/Methigh + SFA). Compared with the Cys/Methigh + SFA group, plasma methionine and cystathionine decreased (p-values < 0.05), whereas cystine tended to increase (p = 0.06) in the Cys/Metlow + PUFA group. Plasma total cysteine (tCys) was not significantly different between the groups. Urinary cysteine and taurine decreased in the Cys/Metlow + PUFA group compared with the Cys/Methigh + SFA group (p-values < 0.05). Plasma SCD-activity indices were not different between the groups, but the change in cystine correlated with the SCD-16 index in the Cys/Metlow + PUFA group. A diet low in methionine and cysteine decreased plasma methionine and urinary cysteine and taurine. Plasma tCys was unchanged, suggesting that compensatory mechanisms are activated during methionine and cysteine restriction to maintain plasma tCys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bente Øvrebø
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway.
- Øvrebø Nutrition, 0550 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Cheryl Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Nasser E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway.
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Bursać B, Djordjevic A, Veličković N, Milutinović DV, Petrović S, Teofilović A, Gligorovska L, Preitner F, Tappy L, Matić G. Involvement of glucocorticoid prereceptor metabolism and signaling in rat visceral adipose tissue lipid metabolism after chronic stress combined with high-fructose diet. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 476:110-118. [PMID: 29729371 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Both fructose overconsumption and increased glucocorticoids secondary to chronic stress may contribute to overall dyslipidemia. In this study we specifically assessed the effects and interactions of dietary fructose and chronic stress on lipid metabolism in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of male Wistar rats. We analyzed the effects of 9-week 20% high fructose diet and 4-week chronic unpredictable stress, separately and in combination, on VAT histology, glucocorticoid prereceptor metabolism, glucocorticoid receptor subcellular redistribution and expression of major metabolic genes. Blood triglycerides and fatty acid composition were also measured to assess hepatic Δ9 desaturase activity. The results showed that fructose diet increased blood triglycerides and Δ9 desaturase activity. On the other hand, stress led to corticosterone elevation, glucocorticoid receptor activation and decrease in adipocyte size, while phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, adipose tissue triglyceride lipase, FAT/CD36 and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) were increased, pointing to VAT lipolysis and glyceroneogenesis. The combination of stress and fructose diet was associated with marked stimulation of fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase mRNA level and with increased 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase protein levels, suggesting a coordinated increase in hexose monophosphate shunt and de novo lipogenesis. It however did not influence the level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, SREBP-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein. In conclusion, our results showed that only combination of dietary fructose and stress increase glucocorticoid prereceptor metabolism and stimulates lipogenic enzyme expression suggesting that interaction between stress and fructose may be instrumental in promoting VAT expansion and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Bursać
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nataša Veličković
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Vojnović Milutinović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snježana Petrović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, Belgrade, 11129, Serbia
| | - Ana Teofilović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljupka Gligorovska
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Frederic Preitner
- Mouse Metabolic Facility (MEF), Center for Integrative genomics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 7, CH-1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gordana Matić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Vernekar M, Singhal R, Joshi K, Amarapurkar D. Variation in the Plasma Levels of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Control vis-à-vis Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Subjects and Its Possible Association with Gut Microbiome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2018; 16:329-335. [PMID: 29873593 DOI: 10.1089/met.2018.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are becoming a major cause of chronic liver diseases globally. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been postulated as a potential treatment for NAFLD. They can be obtained from diet and are also endogenously synthesized by enzymes delta-6-desaturase (D6D), delta-5-desaturase, and elongases. The current study is aimed at investigating the differences in the intake and levels of plasma PUFA between NAFLD patients and controls in Asian Indians. This correlation further propelled a pilot study to check for the differences in the gut microbiome of NASH subjects versus controls. METHODS One hundred forty-seven subjects were recruited and were grouped into healthy controls and cases. Subjects filled a food frequency questionnaire to assess PUFA intake. Plasma samples were subjected to gas chromatography analysis. For characterizing the gut microbiome, fecal samples of 20 NASH and healthy controls were analyzed by 16s rRNA gene sequencing. Alpha and beta diversity metrics and taxonomic analysis were carried out. RESULTS Plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic acid, γ-linoleic acid and D6D enzyme activity were significantly lower in cases. Dietary intake of total n-6 and n-3 PUFA did not differ between the two groups. Relative abundance of Streptococcus and Clostridium ramosum was significantly higher in NASH patients compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates, for the first time, decreased D6D enzyme activity and plasma PUFA levels in NAFLD patients. Furthermore, it demonstrates gut dysbiosis in histologically proven NASH patients vis-à-vis healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvi Vernekar
- 1 Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology , Mumbai, India
| | - Rekha Singhal
- 1 Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology , Mumbai, India
| | - Kalpana Joshi
- 2 Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Savitribai Phule Pune University , Pune, India
| | - Deepak Amarapurkar
- 3 Department of Gastroenterology, Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Centre , Mumbai, India
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Modulation of hepatic inflammation and energy-sensing pathways in the rat liver by high-fructose diet and chronic stress. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:1829-1845. [PMID: 29845385 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1730-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High-fructose consumption and chronic stress are both associated with metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance. Recently, disturbed activity of energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was recognized as mediator between nutrient-induced stress and inflammation. Thus, we analyzed the effects of high-fructose diet, alone or in combination with chronic stress, on glucose homeostasis, inflammation and expression of energy sensing proteins in the rat liver. METHODS In male Wistar rats exposed to 9-week 20% fructose diet and/or 4-week chronic unpredictable stress we measured plasma and hepatic corticosterone level, indicators of glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism, hepatic inflammation (pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, Toll-like receptor 4, NLRP3, activation of NFκB, JNK and ERK pathways) and levels of energy-sensing proteins AMPK, SIRT1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α). RESULTS High-fructose diet led to glucose intolerance, activation of NFκB and JNK pathways and increased intrahepatic IL-1β, TNFα and inhibitory phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 on Ser307. It also decreased phospho-AMPK/AMPK ratio and increased SIRT1 expression. Stress alone increased plasma and hepatic corticosterone but did not influence glucose tolerance, nor hepatic inflammatory or energy-sensing proteins. After the combined treatment, hepatic corticosterone was increased, glucose tolerance remained preserved, while hepatic inflammation was partially prevented despite decreased AMPK activity. CONCLUSION High-fructose diet resulted in glucose intolerance, hepatic inflammation, decreased AMPK activity and reduced insulin sensitivity. Chronic stress alone did not exert such effects, but when applied together with high-fructose diet it could partially prevent fructose-induced inflammation, presumably due to increased hepatic glucocorticoids.
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Lack of pronounced changes in the expression of fatty acid handling proteins in adipose tissue and plasma of morbidly obese humans. Nutr Diabetes 2018; 8:3. [PMID: 29335416 PMCID: PMC5851429 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-017-0013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives Fatty acid handling proteins are involved in the process of accumulation of lipids in different fat tissue depots. Thus, the aim of the study was to estimate the expression of both fatty acid transport and binding proteins in the subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of patients with morbid obesity without metabolic syndrome, as well as the plasma concentrations of these transporters. Subjects/Methods Protein (Western blotting) and mRNA (Real-time PCR) expression of selected fatty acid handling proteins was assessed in the visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of 30 patients with morbid obesity. The control group consisted of 10 lean age-matched patients. Plasma levels of fatty acid protein transporters were also evaluated using ELISA method. Moreover, total plasma fatty acid composition and concentration was determined by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). Results Significant increase in fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) mRNA (P = 0.03) and plasmalemmal (P = 0.01) expression was observed in VAT of patients with morbid obesity vs. lean subjects together with elevation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in both examined compartments of adipose tissue. Moreover, in obese subjects plasma concentration of RBP4 was markedly elevated (P = 0.04) and sCD36 level presented a tendency for an increase (P = 0.08) with concomitant lack of changes in FABP4 concentration (P > 0.05). Conclusions Fatty acid transport into adipocytes may be, at least in part, related to the increased expression of FAT/CD36 in the VAT of morbidly obese patients, which is accompanied by augmented expression of LPL, as well as PPARγ. Probably, alternations in plasma concentrations of RBP4 and sCD36 in obese patients are associated with “unhealthy” fat distribution.
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Mohan V, Gayathri R, Jaacks LM, Lakshmipriya N, Anjana RM, Spiegelman D, Jeevan RG, Balasubramaniam KK, Shobana S, Jayanthan M, Gopinath V, Divya S, Kavitha V, Vijayalakshmi P, Bai R MR, Unnikrishnan R, Sudha V, Krishnaswamy K, Salas-Salvadó J, Willett WC. Cashew Nut Consumption Increases HDL Cholesterol and Reduces Systolic Blood Pressure in Asian Indians with Type 2 Diabetes: A 12-Week Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2018; 148:63-69. [PMID: 29378038 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxx001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is increasing evidence that nut consumption decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, there are few data on the health effects of cashew nuts among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Objective The study aimed to investigate the effects of cashew nut supplementation on glycemia, body weight, blood pressure, and lipid profile in Asian Indians with T2DM. Methods In a parallel-arm, randomized controlled trial, 300 adults with T2DM [mean ± SD age: 51 ± 9.3 y; body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2): 26.0 ± 3.4; 55% male] were randomly assigned to receive advice to follow a standard diabetic diet (control) or similar advice plus 30 g cashew nuts/d (intervention) for 12 wk. The macronutrient composition of the prescribed diabetic diet was 60-65% energy from carbohydrates, 15-25% from fat, and the rest from protein. Differences between groups in changes in anthropometric and biochemical variables were analyzed using linear models with robust variance estimation under an assumed independence working correlation. Results Participants in the intervention group had a greater decrease in systolic blood pressure from baseline to 12 wk than did controls (-4.9 ± 13.7 compared with -1.7 ± 11.6 mm Hg; P = 0.04) and a greater increase in plasma HDL cholesterol compared with controls (+1.7 ± 5.6 compared with +0.1 ± 4.6 mg/dL; P = 0.01). There were no differences between the groups with respect to changes in body weight, BMI, blood lipid, and glycemic variables. Plasma oleic acid concentrations and self-reported dietary intake of nuts, oleic acid, and monounsaturated fatty acids suggested excellent compliance with the nut consumption. Conclusion Cashew nut supplementation in Asian Indians with T2DM reduced systolic blood pressure and increased HDL cholesterol concentrations with no deleterious effects on body weight, glycemia, or other lipid variables. This study was registered at the clinical trial registry of India as CTRI/2017/07/009022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Mohan
- Departments of Diabetology and Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajagopal Gayathri
- Departments of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lindsay M Jaacks
- Departments of Global Health and Population, Nutrition, and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Nagarajan Lakshmipriya
- Departments of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Departments of Diabetology and Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Donna Spiegelman
- Departments of Global Health and Population, Nutrition, and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Departments of Nutrition, and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Raman Ganesh Jeevan
- Departments of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kandappa K Balasubramaniam
- Departments of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmugam Shobana
- Departments of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mathialagan Jayanthan
- Departments of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Viswanathan Gopinath
- Departments of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvakumar Divya
- Departments of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vasudevan Kavitha
- Departments of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Parthasarathy Vijayalakshmi
- Departments of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mookambika Ramya Bai R
- Departments of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjit Unnikrishnan
- Departments of Diabetology and Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vasudevan Sudha
- Departments of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kamala Krishnaswamy
- Departments of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain, and CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Walter C Willett
- Departments of Nutrition, and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Departments of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Cruz-Hernandez C, Thakkar SK, Masserey-Elmelegy I, Buosi W, Fontannaz P, Giuffrida F. Quantification of fatty acids in erythrocytes and plasma by fast gas chromatography. J Sep Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Myśliwiec H, Baran A, Harasim-Symbor E, Myśliwiec P, Milewska AJ, Chabowski A, Flisiak I. Serum fatty acid profile in psoriasis and its comorbidity. Arch Dermatol Res 2017; 309:371-380. [PMID: 28585093 PMCID: PMC5486566 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-017-1748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is accompanied by metabolic disturbances and cardio-metabolic disorders. Fatty acids (FAs) might be a link between psoriasis and its comorbidity. The aim of the study was to evaluate serum concentrations of FAs and to investigate their association with the disease activity, markers of inflammation and possible involvement in psoriatic comorbidity: obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. We measured 14 total serum fatty acids content and composition by gas-liquid chromatography and flame-ionization detector after direct in situ transesterification in 85 patients with exacerbated plaque psoriasis and in 32 healthy controls. FAs were grouped according to their biologic properties to saturated FA (SFA), unsaturated FA (UFA), monounsaturated FA (MUFA), n-3 polyunsaturated FA (n-3 PUFA) and n-6 PUFA. Generally, patients characteristic included: Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Body Mass Index, inflammatory and biochemical markers, lipid profile and presence of psoriatic comorbidity. We have observed highly abnormal FAs pattern in psoriatic patients both with and without obesity compared to the control group. We have demonstrated association of PASI with low levels of circulating DHA, n-3 PUFA (p = 0.044 and p = 0.048, respectively) and high percent of MUFA (p = 0.024) in the non-obese psoriatic group. The SFA/UFA ratio increased with the duration of the disease (p = 0.03) in all psoriatic patients. These findings indicate abnormal FAs profile in psoriasis which may reflect metabolic disturbances and might play a role in the psoriatic comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Myśliwiec
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Bialystok, Żurawia str. 14, 15-540, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Anna Baran
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Bialystok, Żurawia str. 14, 15-540, Białystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Harasim-Symbor
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Myśliwiec
- 1st Department of General and Endocrinological Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Justyna Milewska
- Department of Statistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Iwona Flisiak
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Bialystok, Żurawia str. 14, 15-540, Białystok, Poland
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Ruebel ML, Cotter M, Sims CR, Moutos DM, Badger TM, Cleves MA, Shankar K, Andres A. Obesity Modulates Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism Oocyte Gene Expression: A Single-Cell Transcriptome Perspective. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:2029-2038. [PMID: 28323970 PMCID: PMC5470765 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT It is hypothesized that obesity adversely affects the ovarian environment, which can disrupt oocyte maturation and embryonic development. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare oocyte gene expression profiles and follicular fluid (FF) content from overweight/obese (OW) women and normal-weight (NW) women who were undergoing fertility treatments. DESIGN Using single-cell transcriptomic analyses, we investigated oocyte gene expression using RNA sequencing. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Eleven OW women and 13 NW women undergoing fertility treatments were enrolled. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Oocyte messenger RNA profiles as well as serum and FF hormone and lipid levels were assessed. RESULTS OW women had significantly higher body mass index, body fat percentage, and serum homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance index compared with NW women (P < 0.01). Serum leptin and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels as well as FF leptin, CRP, and triglyceride levels were increased (P < 0.05) in OW compared with NW women. Oocytes from OW women had increased expression of proinflammatory (CXCL2; P = 0.071) and oxidative stress-related (DUSP1; P = 0.051) genes but had decreased expression of GAS7 (fat metabolism; P = 0.065), TXNIP (oxidative stress; P = 0.055), and transcription factors ID3 (P = 0.075) and TWIST1 (P = 0.099) compared with NW women. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence for the significant influence of body composition on oocyte transcript abundance in women undergoing hormonal induction to retrieve oocytes. They further identify the potential for maternal diet to influence oocyte gene expression. The preconception period is, therefore, an important window of opportunity to consider for lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L. Ruebel
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
- Department of Animal Science and Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Matthew Cotter
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
| | - Clark R. Sims
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Dean M. Moutos
- Arkansas Fertility and Gynecology Clinic, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Thomas M. Badger
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Mario A. Cleves
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
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Voortman T, Tielemans MJ, Stroobant W, Schoufour JD, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Steenweg-de Graaff J, van den Hooven EH, Tiemeier H, Jaddoe VWV, Franco OH. Plasma fatty acid patterns during pregnancy and child's growth, body composition, and cardiometabolic health: The Generation R Study. Clin Nutr 2017; 37:984-992. [PMID: 28456538 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to different concentrations of fatty acids during fetal life may affect growth and metabolism. However, most studies examined individual fatty acids, whereas concentrations highly correlate and may interact with each other. We aimed to evaluate patterns of plasma fatty acids during pregnancy and their associations with growth, body composition, and cardiometabolic health of the 6-year-old offspring. METHODS This study was performed in 4830 mother-child pairs participating in a population-based cohort in the Netherlands. Around 20 weeks of gestation, we measured plasma phospholipid concentrations of 22 fatty acids, in which we identified three fatty acid patterns using principal component analysis: a 'high n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)' pattern, a 'monounsaturated and saturated fatty acid (MUFA and SFA)' pattern, and a 'high n-3 PUFA' pattern. When the children were 6 years old, we measured their anthropometrics and detailed body composition (using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and we calculated their body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI). At the same age, children's blood pressure, and serum insulin, HDL-cholesterol, and triacylglycerol were measured. RESULTS After adjustment for confounders and the other patterns, a higher score for the 'high n-6 PUFA' pattern during pregnancy was associated with a higher height, BMI, and FFMI in the offspring at 6 years, but not independently with cardiometabolic outcomes. The 'MUFA and SFA' pattern was not consistently associated with child body composition or cardiometabolic health. A higher score for the 'high n-3 PUFA' pattern was associated with a lower FMI, higher FFMI, higher HDL-cholesterol, and lower triacylglycerol. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that plasma fatty acid patterns during pregnancy may affect offspring's body composition and cardiometabolic health. Specifically, a pattern characterized by high n-3 PUFA levels was associated with a more favorable body composition and blood lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Myrte J Tielemans
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Stroobant
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josje D Schoufour
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Leiden University College, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | | | - Edith H van den Hooven
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Drzymała-Czyż S, Krzyżanowska P, Koletzko B, Nowak J, Miśkiewicz-Chotnicka A, Moczko JA, Lisowska A, Walkowiak J. Determinants of Serum Glycerophospholipid Fatty Acids in Cystic Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010185. [PMID: 28106773 PMCID: PMC5297817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of altered blood fatty acid (FA) composition in cystic fibrosis (CF) is understood only partially. We aimed to investigate the determinants of serum glycerophospholipids’ FAs in CF with regard to the highest number of FAs and in the largest cohort to date. The study comprised 172 CF patients and 30 healthy subjects (HS). We assessed Fas’ profile (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry), CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) genotype, spirometry, fecal elastase-1, body height and weight Z-scores, liver disease, diabetes and colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The amounts of saturated FAs (C14:0, C16:0) and monounsaturated FAs (C16:1n-7, C18:1n-9, C20:1n-9, C20:3n-9) were significantly higher in CF patients than in HS. C18:3n-6, C20:3n-6 and C22:4n-6 levels were also higher in CF, but C18:2n-6, C20:2n-6 and C20:4n-6, as well as C22:6n-3, were lower. In a multiple regression analysis, levels of seven FAs were predicted by various sets of factors that included age, genotype, forced expiratory volume in one second, pancreatic status and diabetes. FA composition abnormalities are highly prevalent in CF patients. They seem to be caused by both metabolic disturbances and independent clinical risk factors. Further research into the influence of CFTR mutations on fat metabolism and desaturases’ activity is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomira Drzymała-Czyż
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Krzyżanowska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Lindwurmstr. 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Jan Nowak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Anna Miśkiewicz-Chotnicka
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jerzy A Moczko
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 79, 60-529 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Lisowska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
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Hellmuth C, Uhl O, Standl M, Demmelmair H, Heinrich J, Koletzko B, Thiering E. Cord Blood Metabolome Is Highly Associated with Birth Weight, but Less Predictive for Later Weight Development. Obes Facts 2017; 10:85-100. [PMID: 28376503 PMCID: PMC5644937 DOI: 10.1159/000453001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Fetal metabolism may be changed by the exposure to maternal factors, and the route to obesity may already set in utero. Cord blood metabolites might predict growth patterns and later obesity. We aimed to characterize associations of cord blood with birth weight, postnatal weight gain, and BMI in adolescence. METHODS Over 700 cord blood samples were collected from infants participating in the German birth cohort study LISAplus. Glycerophospholipid fatty acids (GPL-FA), polar lipids, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and amino acids were analyzed with a targeted, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based metabolomics platform. Cord blood metabolites were related to growth factors by linear regression models adjusted for confounding variables. RESULTS Cord blood metabolites were highly associated with birth weight. Lysophosphatidylcholines C16:1, C18:1, C20:3, C18:2, C20:4, C14:0, C16:0, C18:3, GPL-FA C20:3n-9, and GPL-FA C22:5n-6 were positively related to birth weight, while higher cord blood concentrations of NEFA C22:6, NEFA C20:5, GPL-FA C18:3n-3, and PCe C38:0 were associated with lower birth weight. Postnatal weight gain and BMI z-scores in adolescents were not significantly associated with cord blood metabolites after adjustment for multiple testing. CONCLUSION Potential long-term programming effects of the intrauterine environment and metabolism on later health cannot be predicted with profiling of the cord blood metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hellmuth
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Childrenʼs Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Olaf Uhl
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Childrenʼs Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Childrenʼs Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University of Munich Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Childrenʼs Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- *Prof. Dr. Berthold Koletzko, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Childrenʼs Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 Munich, Germany,
| | - Elisabeth Thiering
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Childrenʼs Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Koizume S, Miyagi Y. Lipid Droplets: A Key Cellular Organelle Associated with Cancer Cell Survival under Normoxia and Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091430. [PMID: 27589734 PMCID: PMC5037709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect describes the phenomenon by which cancer cells obtain energy from glycolysis even under normoxic (O₂-sufficient) conditions. Tumor tissues are generally exposed to hypoxia owing to inefficient and aberrant vasculature. Cancer cells have multiple molecular mechanisms to adapt to such stress conditions by reprogramming the cellular metabolism. Hypoxia-inducible factors are major transcription factors induced in cancer cells in response to hypoxia that contribute to the metabolic changes. In addition, cancer cells within hypoxic tumor areas have reduced access to serum components such as nutrients and lipids. However, the effect of such serum factor deprivation on cancer cell biology in the context of tumor hypoxia is not fully understood. Cancer cells are lipid-rich under normoxia and hypoxia, leading to the increased generation of a cellular organelle, the lipid droplet (LD). In recent years, the LD-mediated stress response mechanisms of cancer cells have been revealed. This review focuses on the production and functions of LDs in various types of cancer cells in relation to the associated cellular environment factors including tissue oxygenation status and metabolic mechanisms. This information will contribute to the current understanding of how cancer cells adapt to diverse tumor environments to promote their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Koizume
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama 241-8515, Japan.
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama 241-8515, Japan.
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Fatty acids as modulators of neutrophil recruitment, function and survival. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 785:50-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Maier F, Demmelmair H, Fugmann M, Hellmuth C, Lechner A, Koletzko B, Uhl O. Contribution of glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelin to the circulating NEFA. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 110:55-61. [PMID: 26923087 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) are known to be associated with the development of insulin resistance. Recently, differences in the NEFA profile were found in subjects with history of gestational diabetes (postGDM) and healthy controls. Little is known about the NEFA sources in the postprandial state, which prevails most of the day in humans in modern societies. In the present study, we aimed to explore the potential contributions of glycerophospholipid (GPL) and sphingomyelin (SM) fatty acids to the circulating NEFA. METHODS Serum-samples of 19 postGDM women and 20 controls were obtained in fasting state (t0) and 90 minutes (t90) after an oral glucose tolerance test. Fatty acid composition of NEFA and SM were analyzed with liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and GPL by gas chromatography. RESULTS The ratio of individual NEFA at t90 vs. t0 (t90/0-ratio) showed no difference between the two groups but increased with chain-length (7% for C16:1, 82% for C26:3). Only NEFA 10:0 was found with lower concentration at t0 and t90 in postGDM. At t90, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid correlated closely between NEFA and GPL in postGDM (20:5, 22:4, 22:5 and 22:6) and controls (20:3, 20:4 and 20:5). Very long-chain fatty acid 24:0 correlated significantly between NEFA and SM in postGDM and controls. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids correlated less between NEFA and GPL or SM. CONCLUSIONS The NEFA composition varied highly between fasting and fed state in both groups. GPL appeared to contribute long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, while SM appeared to contribute very long-chain fatty acids to the NEFA pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Maier
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, München, Germany
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, München, Germany
| | - Marina Fugmann
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Hellmuth
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, München, Germany
| | - Andreas Lechner
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, München, Germany.
| | - Olaf Uhl
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, München, Germany
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Uhl O, Demmelmair H, Segura MT, Florido J, Rueda R, Campoy C, Koletzko B. Effects of obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus on placental phospholipids. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015; 109:364-71. [PMID: 26021978 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse effects in the offspring. The composition of placental glycerophospholipids (GPL) is known to be altered in GDM and might reflect an aberrant fatty acid transfer across the placenta and thus affect the foetal body composition. The aim of this study was to investigate possible effects of obesity and GDM, respectively, on placental GPL species composition. We investigated molecular species of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) in term placentas from controls (lean non-diabetic, body-mass-index [BMI] 18-24.9k g/m(2), n=31), obese non-diabetics (BMI ≥30 kg/m(2), n=17) and lean diabetics (n=15), using liquid chromatography - triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. PE(16:0/22:6) and PE(18:0/20:4) were increased in GDM and decreased species were PC(18:0/20:3), PC(18:1/20:3) and PS(18:0/18:2). A consistent difference between BMI related changes and changes caused by GDM was not observed. Arachidonic acid percentages of cord blood correlated with placental PC(16:0/20:4), whereas foetal docosahexaenoic acid correlated to placental PE species. Furthermore, a positive correlation of placental weight was found to levels of PE containing arachidonic acid. We demonstrated that obesity and GDM are associated with decreased dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and increased arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid contents of placental GPL, with unknown consequences for the foetus. PC(16:0/20:4) was identified as the major component for the supply of arachidonic acid to the foetal circulation, whereas PE containing arachidonic acid was found to be associated to the placental and infant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Uhl
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - María Teresa Segura
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Florido
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Granada's University Hospital San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rueda
- Strategic Research Department, Abbott Nutrition, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Campoy
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany.
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Bautista Niño PK, Tielemans MJ, Schalekamp-Timmermans S, Steenweg-de Graaff J, Hofman A, Tiemeier H, Jaddoe VW, Steegers EAP, Felix JF, Franco OH. Maternal fish consumption, fatty acid levels and angiogenic factors: The Generation R Study. Placenta 2015; 36:1178-84. [PMID: 26278058 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Angiogenic factors, such as placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble Flt-1 (sFlt-1), are key regulators of placental vascular development. Evidence from in vitro studies indicates that fatty acids can affect angiogenesis. We investigated the associations of maternal fish consumption and fatty acids levels with angiogenic factors during pregnancy, and in cord blood in a large population-based prospective cohort. METHODS First trimester fish consumption was assessed among 3134 pregnant women using a food-frequency questionnaire. Plasma fatty acid levels were measured in second trimester. Plasma PlGF and sFlt-1 were measured in first and second trimester and in cord blood. Associations of fish consumption or fatty acid levels with angiogenic factors were assessed by multivariable linear regression analyses. RESULTS There were no consistent associations of total fish or lean fish consumption with levels of PlGF, sFlt-1, or sFlt-1/PlGF ratio. Neither fatty fish nor shellfish were associated with angiogenic factors. Plasma omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are the main type of fatty acids in fish, were inconsistently associated with angiogenic factors in second trimester and cord blood. Yet, higher levels of arachidonic acid, an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, were associated with lower levels of PlGF and sFlt-1. DISCUSSION We found no consistent associations of fish consumption or fatty acids levels with angiogenic factors in a population with low fish consumption. Studies including populations with higher fish consumption are required to fully grasp the potential effects of maternal fish consumption on placental angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula K Bautista Niño
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myrte J Tielemans
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jolien Steenweg-de Graaff
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W Jaddoe
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A P Steegers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janine F Felix
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Koizume S, Ito S, Nakamura Y, Yoshihara M, Furuya M, Yamada R, Miyagi E, Hirahara F, Takano Y, Miyagi Y. Lipid starvation and hypoxia synergistically activate ICAM1 and multiple genes in an Sp1-dependent manner to promote the growth of ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:77. [PMID: 25879517 PMCID: PMC4396815 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0351-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms by which cancer cells overcome hypoxia is potentially important for targeted therapy. Complexation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) with aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocators can enhance gene expression and initiate cellular responses to hypoxia. However, multiple molecular mechanisms may be required for cancer cells to adapt to diverse microenvironments. We previously demonstrated that a physical interaction between the ubiquitously expressed transcription factor Sp1 and HIF2 is a major cause of FVII gene activation in poor prognostic ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) cells under hypoxia. Furthermore, it was found that FVII activation is synergistically enhanced when serum-starved cells are cultured under hypoxic conditions. In this study, we investigated whether HIFs and transcription factor Sp1 cooperate to activate multiple genes in CCC cells under conditions of serum starvation and hypoxia (SSH) and then contribute to malignant phenotypes. Methods To identify genes activated under hypoxic conditions in an Sp1-dependent manner, we first performed cDNA microarray analyses. We further investigated the molecular mechanisms of synergistic gene activations including the associated serum factors by various experiments such as real-time RT-PCR, western blotting and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The study was further extended to animal experiments to investigate how it contributes to CCC progression in vivo. Results ICAM1 is one such gene dramatically induced by SSH and is highly induced by SSH and its synergistic activation involves both the mTOR and autonomously activated TNFα-NFκB axes. We identified long chain fatty acids (LCFA) as a major class of lipids that is associated with albumin, a serum factor responsible for synergistic gene activation under SSH. Furthermore, we found that ICAM1 can be induced in vivo to promote tumor growth. Conclusion Sp1 and HIFs collaborate to activate genes required for the adaptation of CCC cells to severe microenvironments, such as LCFA starvation and hypoxia. This study highlights the importance of transcriptional regulation under lipid starvation and hypoxia in the promotion of CCC tumor growth. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0351-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Koizume
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan.
| | - Shin Ito
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyasu Nakamura
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan.
| | - Mitsuyo Yoshihara
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan.
| | - Mitsuko Furuya
- Departments of Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Roppei Yamada
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan.
| | - Etsuko Miyagi
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Molecular Reproductive Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Fumiki Hirahara
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Molecular Reproductive Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Takano
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan.
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan.
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Abdelmagid SA, Clarke SE, Nielsen DE, Badawi A, El-Sohemy A, Mutch DM, Ma DWL. Comprehensive profiling of plasma fatty acid concentrations in young healthy Canadian adults. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116195. [PMID: 25675440 PMCID: PMC4326172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating fatty acids (FA) are associated with a multitude of chronic diseases. However, a major gap in establishing such relationships is the lack of accepted fatty acid reference ranges representing healthy individuals. Data on validated FA reference ranges would provide a better understanding of study baseline measures and aid in the evaluation and interpretation of pharmaceutical or dietary interventions. Reference ranges for plasma FA levels have been reported in a few small studies and on a limited number of FA. Therefore, we determined the average and percentiles of a broad set of 61 FA (C14 - C24:1) from plasma total lipids from an ethnically diverse population of healthy young Canadian males and females (Total n = 826). Plasma concentrations of some of the major FA ranged from 0.3 to 4.1 mmol/L for palmitic acid, 0.1 to 1.0 mmol/L for stearic acid, 0.03 to 3.2 mmol/L for oleic acid, 0.2 to 5.0 mmol/L for linoleic acid (LA), 12.0 to 186.9 μmol/L for α-linolenic acid, and 7.2 to 237.5 μmol/L for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Males had significantly higher plasma concentrations of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) and n-3 docosapentaenoic acid and lower concentrations of palmitoleic acid, LA and DHA than females. Comparison of FA concentrations between Caucasians, East Asians and South Asians revealed that South Asians had significantly lower levels of palmitoleic acid (p < 0.01) and oleic acid (p = 0.01) while East Asians had lower levels of GLA (p = 0.02) and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (p = 0.03). Overall, these data provide a comprehensive set of quantitative values that profiles a small cohort of Canadians which highlights the utility of establishing validated FA reference ranges that may be used to understand how deficient, suboptimal, or excess amounts of a given FA may be associated with chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma A. Abdelmagid
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shannon E. Clarke
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daiva E. Nielsen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alaa Badawi
- Office for Biotechnology, Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M. Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W. L. Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Liu G, Mühlhäusler BS, Gibson RA. A method for long term stabilisation of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in dried blood spots and its clinical application. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 91:251-60. [PMID: 25451557 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventional assays of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LCPUFA) status in humans involve venous blood collection and expensive, multi-step processes that limit their usefulness as screening tools. This study aimed to develop a capillary dried blood spot (DBS) system capable of protecting n-3 LCPUFA from oxidation for up to 2 months at room temperature (20-25°C). We demonstrated that a DBS system comprising both an antioxidant and chelating agent on silica-gel coated paper prevented any significant change in the n-3 LCPUFA profile after 2 months. Our DBS assay was then tested in fifty subjects, and this demonstrated the presence of strong and significant correlations between the results obtained from the DBS system and those obtained from conventional measures for all fatty acids, in particular the n-3 LCPUFA EPA and DHA (r>0.96, P<0.0001). This study therefore validates our DBS system as a reliable method for the assessment of n-3 LCPUFA status in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Liu
- FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Beverly Sara Mühlhäusler
- FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert Alan Gibson
- FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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49
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Saturated fatty acids up-regulate COX-2 expression in prostate epithelial cells via toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB signaling. Inflammation 2014; 37:467-77. [PMID: 24221358 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9760-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been implicated in prostate carcinogenesis, and recently it has been confirmed to be a molecular target of saturated fatty acids (SFAs). In the present study, we investigated the effect of stearic acid (SA) and palmitic acid (PA), two of the most abundant SFAs contained in dietary fat, on COX-2 expression in prostate epithelial cells and the signaling transduction pathway involved. First, we demonstrated that both SA and PA increased the mRNA and protein expression of COX-2, and consistently induced the activation of NF-κB in RWPE-1, BPH-1 and PC-3 prostate epithelial cell lines. The effect of SA and PA on COX-2 over-expression and NF-κB activation was in a dose-dependent manner, and PA was more potent than SA at the same concentration. Then, we demonstrated inhibition of NF-κB using its specific inhibitor strikingly attenuated PA-induced COX-2 expression. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was revealed to be expressed on RWPE-1, BPH-1 and PC-3 cell lines by PCR and immunofluorescence staining, and blocking its signaling significantly inhibited PA induced COX-2 over-expression and NF-κB activation. Taken together, we demonstrated that SFAs can up-regulate COX-2 expression in prostate epithelial cells, and this effect was mediated mainly through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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50
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Kagan ML, Levy A, Leikin-Frenkel A. Comparative study of tissue deposition of omega-3 fatty acids from polar-lipid rich oil of the microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata with krill oil in rats. Food Funct 2014; 6:186-92. [PMID: 25360534 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00591k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) exert health benefits which are dependent upon their incorporation into blood, cells and tissues. Plasma and tissue deposition of LC n-3 PUFA from oils extracted from the micro-algae Nannochloropsis oculata and from krill were compared in rats. The algal oil provides eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) partly conjugated (15%) to phospholipids and glycolipids but no docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), whereas krill oil provides both EPA and DHA conjugated in part (40%) to phospholipids. Rats fed a standard diet received either krill oil or polar-lipid rich algal oil by gavage daily for 7 days (5 ml oil per kg body weight each day). Fatty acid concentrations were analyzed in plasma, brain and liver, and two adipose depots since these represent transport, functional and storage pools of fatty acids, respectively. When measuring total LC n-3 PUFA (sum of EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and DHA), there was no statistically significant difference between the algal oil and krill oil for plasma, brain, liver and gonadal adipose tissue. Concentrations of LC n-3 PUFA were higher in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue from the algal oil group. Tissue uptake of LC n-3 PUFA from an algal oil containing 15% polar lipids (glycolipids and phospholipids) was found to be equivalent to krill oil containing 40% phospholipids. This may be due to glycolipids forming smaller micelles during ingestive hydrolysis than phospholipids. Ingestion of fatty acids with glycolipids may improve bioavailability, but this needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Kagan
- Qualitas Health Ltd, 19 Hartom Street, P.O. Box 45423, Jerusalem 91450, Israel.
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