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Paparella A, Kongala PR, Serio A, Rossi C, Shaltiel-Harpaza L, Husaini AM, Ibdah M. Challenges and Opportunities in the Sustainable Improvement of Carrot Production. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2092. [PMID: 39124210 PMCID: PMC11314595 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
From an agricultural perspective, carrots are a significant tap root vegetable crop in the Apiaceae family because of their nutritional value, health advantages, and economic importance. The edible part of a carrot, known as the storage root, contains various beneficial compounds, such as carotenoids, anthocyanins, dietary fiber, vitamins, and other nutrients. It has a crucial role in human nutrition as a significant vegetable and raw material in the nutraceutical, food, and pharmaceutical industries. The cultivation of carrot fields is susceptible to a wide range of biotic and abiotic hazards, which can significantly damage the plants' health and decrease yield and quality. Scientific research mostly focuses on important biotic stressors, including pests, such as nematodes and carrot flies, as well as diseases, such as cavity spots, crown or cottony rot, black rot, and leaf blight, caused by bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes. The emerging challenges in the field include gaining a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between hosts and pathogens in the carrot-pathogen system, identifying the elements that contribute to disease development, expanding knowledge of systemic treatments, exploring host resistance mechanisms, developing integrated control programs, and enhancing resistance through breeding approaches. In fact, the primary carrot-growing regions in tropical and subtropical climates are experiencing abiotic pressures, such as drought, salinity, and heat stress, which limit carrot production. This review provides an extensive, up-to-date overview of the literature on biotic and abiotic factors for enhanced and sustainable carrot production, considering the use of different technologies for the shelf-life extension of carrots. Therefore, it addresses the current issues in the carrot production chain, opening new perspectives for the exploration of carrots both as a food commodity and as a source of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Paparella
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.P.); (A.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Prasada Rao Kongala
- Newe Yaar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
| | - Annalisa Serio
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.P.); (A.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.P.); (A.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Liora Shaltiel-Harpaza
- Migal Galilee Research Institute, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel;
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel Hai College, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - Amjad M. Husaini
- Genome Engineering and Societal Biotechnology Lab, Division of Plant Biotechnology, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar 19005, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Mwafaq Ibdah
- Newe Yaar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
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2
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Chekol H, Warkineh B, Shimber T, Mierek-Adamska A, Dąbrowska GB, Degu A. Drought Stress Responses in Arabica Coffee Genotypes: Physiological and Metabolic Insights. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:828. [PMID: 38592785 PMCID: PMC10975139 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of drought stress on Arabica coffee physiology and metabolism is essential in the pursuit of developing drought-resistant varieties. In this study, we explored the physiological and metabolite changes in coffee genotypes exhibiting varying degrees of tolerance to drought-namely, the relatively tolerant Ca74110 and Ca74112, and the sensitive Ca754 and CaJ-19 genotypes-under well-watered conditions and during terminal drought stress periods at two time points (0 and 60 days following the onset of stress). The metabolite profiling uncovered significant associations between the growth and the physiological characteristics of coffee genotypes with distinct drought tolerance behaviors. Initially, no marked differences were observed among the genotypes or treatments. However, at the 60-day post-drought onset time point, notably higher shoot growth, biomass, CO2 assimilation, pigments, and various physiological parameters were evident, particularly in the relatively tolerant genotypes. The metabolite profiling revealed elevations in glucose, maltose, amino acids, and organic acids, and decreases in other metabolites. These alterations were more pronounced in the drought-tolerant genotypes, indicating a correlation between enhanced compatible solutes and energy-associated metabolites crucial for drought tolerance mechanisms. This research introduces GC-MS-based metabolome profiling to the study of Ethiopian coffee, shedding light on its intricate responses to drought stress and paving the way for the potential development of drought-resistant coffee seedlings in intensified agro-ecological zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu Chekol
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 3434, Ethiopia; (H.C.); (B.W.)
| | - Bikila Warkineh
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 3434, Ethiopia; (H.C.); (B.W.)
| | - Tesfaye Shimber
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa 2003, Ethiopia;
| | - Agnieszka Mierek-Adamska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.M.-A.); (G.B.D.)
| | - Grażyna B. Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.M.-A.); (G.B.D.)
| | - Asfaw Degu
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 3434, Ethiopia; (H.C.); (B.W.)
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3
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Monje-Rueda MD, Pal'ove-Balang P, Trush K, Márquez AJ, Betti M, García-Calderón M. Mutation of MYB36 affects isoflavonoid metabolism, growth, and stress responses in Lotus japonicus. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14084. [PMID: 38148200 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavonoids are mostly produced by legumes although little is known about why and how legumes are able to regulate the biosynthesis of these particular compounds. Understanding the role of potential regulatory genes of the isoflavonoid biosynthetic pathway constitutes an important topic of research. The LORE1 mutation of the gene encoding the transcription factor MYB36 allowed the identification of this gene as a regulator of isoflavonoid biosynthesis in Lotus japonicus plants. The levels of several isoflavonoid compounds were considerably lower in two lines of Ljmyb36 mutant plants compared to the WT. In addition, we found that Ljmyb36 mutant plants were significantly smaller and showed a substantial decrease in the chlorophyll levels under normal growth conditions. The analysis of plants subjected to different types of abiotic stress conditions further revealed that mutant plants presented a higher sensitivity than WT plants, indicating that the MYB36 transcription factor is also involved in the stress response in L. japonicus plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Monje-Rueda
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Peter Pal'ove-Balang
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Kristina Trush
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Antonio J Márquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marco Betti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Margarita García-Calderón
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Singh A, Pandey H, Pandey S, Lal D, Chauhan D, Aparna, Antre SH, B S, Kumar A. Drought stress in maize: stress perception to molecular response and strategies for its improvement. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:296. [PMID: 37697159 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Given the future demand for food crops, increasing crop productivity in drought-prone rainfed areas has become essential. Drought-tolerant varieties are warranted to solve this problem in major crops, with drought tolerance as a high-priority trait for future research. Maize is one such crop affected by drought stress, which limits production, resulting in substantial economic losses. It became a more serious issue due to global climate change. The most drought sensitive among all stages of maize is the reproductive stages and the most important for overall maize production. The exact molecular basis of reproductive drought sensitivity remains unclear due to genes' complex regulation of drought stress. Understanding the molecular biology and signaling of the unexplored area of reproductive drought tolerance will provide an opportunity to develop climate-smart drought-tolerant next-generation maize cultivars. In recent decades, significant progress has been made in maize to understand the drought tolerance mechanism. However, improving maize drought tolerance through breeding is ineffective due to the complex nature and multigenic control of drought traits. With the help of advanced breeding techniques, molecular genetics, and a precision genome editing approach like CRISPR-Cas, candidate genes for drought-tolerant maize can be identified and targeted. This review summarizes the effects of drought stress on each growth stage of maize, potential genes, and transcription factors that determine drought tolerance. In addition, we discussed drought stress sensing, its molecular mechanisms, different approaches to developing drought-resistant maize varieties, and how molecular breeding and genome editing will help with the current unpredictable climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Singh
- Centre for Advanced Studies On Climate Change, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, 848125, India.
| | | | - Saurabh Pandey
- Department of Agriculture, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - Dalpat Lal
- College of Agriculture, Jodhpur Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342304, India
| | - Divya Chauhan
- Banasthali University, Radha Kishanpura, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Aparna
- Departments of Agriculture, Jagan Nath University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303901, India
| | - Suresh H Antre
- Advanced Centre of Plant Biotechnology, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - Santhosh B
- Centre for Advanced Studies On Climate Change, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, 848125, India
| | - Amarjeet Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, MTTC & VTC, Selesih, CAU, Imphal, 795001, India
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Zhou L, Yang S, Chen C, Li M, Du Q, Wang J, Yin Y, Xiao H. CaCP15 Gene Negatively Regulates Salt and Osmotic Stress Responses in Capsicum annuum L. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1409. [PMID: 37510313 PMCID: PMC10379065 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt and osmotic stress seriously restrict the growth, development, and productivity of horticultural crops in the greenhouse. The papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs) participate in multi-stress responses in plants. We previously demonstrated that salt and osmotic stress affect cysteine protease 15 of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) (CaCP15); however, the role of CaCP15 in salt and osmotic stress responses is unknown. Here, the function of CaCP15 in regulating pepper salt and osmotic stress resistance was explored. Pepper plants were subjected to abiotic (sodium chloride, mannitol, salicylic acid, ethrel, methyl jasmonate, etc.) and biotic stress (Phytophthora capsici inoculation). The CaCP15 was silenced through the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and transiently overexpressed in pepper plants. The full-length CaCP15 fragment is 1568 bp, with an open reading frame of 1032 bp, encoding a 343 amino acid protein. CaCP15 is a senescence-associated gene 12 (SAG12) subfamily member containing two highly conserved domains, Inhibitor 129 and Peptidase_C1. CaCP15 expression was the highest in the stems of pepper plants. The expression was induced by salicylic acid, ethrel, methyl jasmonate, and was infected by Phytophthora capsici inoculation. Furthermore, CaCP15 was upregulated under salt and osmotic stress, and CaCP15 silencing in pepper enhanced salt and mannitol stress resistance. Conversely, transient overexpression of CaCP15 increased the sensitivity to salt and osmotic stress by reducing the antioxidant enzyme activities and negatively regulating the stress-related genes. This study indicates that CaCP15 negatively regulates salt and osmotic stress resistance in pepper via the ROS-scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Sizhen Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chunlin Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qingjie Du
- Department of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jiqing Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yanxu Yin
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Huaijuan Xiao
- Department of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Tan QW, Lim PK, Chen Z, Pasha A, Provart N, Arend M, Nikoloski Z, Mutwil M. Cross-stress gene expression atlas of Marchantia polymorpha reveals the hierarchy and regulatory principles of abiotic stress responses. Nat Commun 2023; 14:986. [PMID: 36813788 PMCID: PMC9946954 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses negatively impact ecosystems and the yield of crops, and climate change will increase their frequency and intensity. Despite progress in understanding how plants respond to individual stresses, our knowledge of plant acclimatization to combined stresses typically occurring in nature is still lacking. Here, we used a plant with minimal regulatory network redundancy, Marchantia polymorpha, to study how seven abiotic stresses, alone and in 19 pairwise combinations, affect the phenotype, gene expression, and activity of cellular pathways. While the transcriptomic responses show a conserved differential gene expression between Arabidopsis and Marchantia, we also observe a strong functional and transcriptional divergence between the two species. The reconstructed high-confidence gene regulatory network demonstrates that the response to specific stresses dominates those of others by relying on a large ensemble of transcription factors. We also show that a regression model could accurately predict the gene expression under combined stresses, indicating that Marchantia performs arithmetic multiplication to respond to multiple stresses. Lastly, two online resources ( https://conekt.plant.tools and http://bar.utoronto.ca/efp_marchantia/cgi-bin/efpWeb.cgi ) are provided to facilitate the study of gene expression in Marchantia exposed to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wen Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Peng Ken Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Zhong Chen
- Amoeba Education Hub, 1 West Coast Road, 128020, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Asher Pasha
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Nicholas Provart
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Marius Arend
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marek Mutwil
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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Transcriptomic Analysis Provides Insight into the ROS Scavenging System and Regulatory Mechanisms in Atriplex canescens Response to Salinity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010242. [PMID: 36613685 PMCID: PMC9820716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atriplex canescens is a representative halophyte with excellent tolerance to salt. Previous studies have revealed certain physiological mechanisms and detected functional genes associated with salt tolerance. However, knowledge on the ROS scavenging system and regulatory mechanisms in this species when adapting to salinity is limited. Therefore, this study further analyzed the transcriptional changes in genes related to the ROS scavenging system and important regulatory mechanisms in A. canescens under saline conditions using our previous RNA sequencing data. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway annotation revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were highly enriched in signal transduction- and reactive oxygen species-related biological processes, including "response to oxidative stress", "oxidoreductase activity", "protein kinase activity", "transcription factor activity", and "plant hormone signal transduction". Further analyses suggested that the transcription abundance of many genes involved in SOD, the AsA-GSH cycle, the GPX pathway, PrxR/Trx, and the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were obviously enhanced. These pathways are favorable for scavenging excessive ROS induced by salt and maintaining the integrity of the cell membrane. Meanwhile, many vital transcription factor genes (WRKY, MYB, ZF, HSF, DREB, and NAC) exhibited increased transcripts, which is conducive to dealing with saline conditions by regulating downstream salt-responsive genes. Furthermore, a larger number of genes encoding protein kinases (RLK, CDPK, MAPK, and CTR1) were significantly induced by saline conditions, which is beneficial to the reception/transduction of salt-related signals. This study describes the abundant genetic resources for enhancing the salt tolerance in salt-sensitive plants, especially in forages and crops.
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Wang Z, Li J, Yang X, Hu Y, Yin Y, Shen X. MdFLP enhances drought tolerance by regulating MdNAC019 in self-rooted apple stocks. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 321:111331. [PMID: 35696930 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-rooted apple stocks are widely used for the production of apples worldwide. However, self-rooted apple stocks are weak due to shallow roots and poor grounding, resulting in poor drought resistance. Therefore, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms to develop self-rooted apple stock cultivars with drought resistance. We reported that MdFLP, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, directly binds to the promoter of MdNAC019, activating its transcription and consequently enhancing drought tolerance in self-rooted apple stocks. In addition, MdFLP indirectly activates the transcriptional expression of abiotic stress-related genes, namely, MdERF6 and MdZAT10. The plants overexpressing MdFLP displayed stronger drought tolerance, whereas MdFLP-RNAi plants showed weak drought tolerance compared with non-transgenic "Gala" plants, indicating that MdFLP regulates drought tolerance in self-rooted apple stocks. Altogether, we believe that our findings provide novel insights into the functions of MdFLP in the regulation of drought tolerance in self-rooted apple stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghui Wang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Jialin Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xuemei Yang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Yanli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Huanghuai Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yanlei Yin
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, China.
| | - Xiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Huanghuai Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
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Kamińska I, Lukasiewicz A, Klimek-Chodacka M, Długosz-Grochowska O, Rutkowska J, Szymonik K, Baranski R. Antioxidative and osmoprotecting mechanisms in carrot plants tolerant to soil salinity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7266. [PMID: 35508557 PMCID: PMC9068814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10835-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinization is a growing problem for agriculture worldwide and carrot is one the most salt-sensitive vegetable species. However, some varieties are capable of withstanding high salt concentrations due to unknown genetic and physiological mechanisms. The aim of this work was to reveal protecting mechanisms against osmotic and ionic stresses that contribute to salt tolerance in carrot. For this purpose, changes in biochemical traits due to soil salinity occurring in the salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive plants were determined. The obtained results showed that the tolerance of the salt-tolerant variety was partially determined constitutively, however, the exposition to saline soil triggered a physiological response that was more evident in the root than in the leaves. The most noticeable changes were the high increase in the content of osmoprotective proline and other low molecular antioxidants such as glutathione and ascorbic acid, and the decrease in the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione forms. These changes imply an efficient operation of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle that together with a high activity of antioxidative enzymes such as peroxidases, indicate on the induction of mechanisms associated mainly with protection against excessive reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Kamińska
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Aneta Lukasiewicz
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Klimek-Chodacka
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Olga Długosz-Grochowska
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Julia Rutkowska
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Szymonik
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafal Baranski
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.
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Ye H, Folz J, Li C, Zhang Y, Hou Z, Zhang L, Su S. Response of metabolic and lipid synthesis gene expression changes in Camellia oleifera to mulched ecological mat under drought conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148856. [PMID: 34328946 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to adverse conditions by activating defense mechanisms that alter metabolism and impact agricultural crop yield. Organic mulching of Camellia oleifera leads to increased oil yield compared to control. In this study, multi-platform untargeted metabolomics and qRT-PCR were used to measure the effects of organic mulching on seed kernel metabolism. Metabolomics analysis revealed that tyrosine, tryptophan, and several flavonoids and polyphenol metabolites were significantly lower in the mulched treatment compared to the control, indicating lower stress levels with mulching. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that EAR, SAD, and CoHCD were up-regulated by mulching, while CT, FAD7, FAD8, CoATS1, SQS, SQE, FATB, and β-AS were down-regulated. Correlation network analysis was used to integrate data from this multi-omics investigation to analyze the relationships between differentially expressed genes, metabolites, and fruit and soil indicators concerning mulch treatment of C. oleifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglian Ye
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China; West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC-Davis, 95616 CA, USA.
| | - Jacob Folz
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC-Davis, 95616 CA, USA.
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC-Davis, 95616 CA, USA.
| | - Zhixia Hou
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Shuchai Su
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Rowan D, Boldingh H, Cordiner S, Cooney J, Hedderley D, Hewitt K, Jensen D, Pereira T, Trower T, McGhie T. Kiwifruit Metabolomics-An Investigation of within Orchard Metabolite Variability of Two Cultivars of Actinidia chinensis. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090603. [PMID: 34564419 PMCID: PMC8468816 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant metabolomics within field-based food production systems is challenging owing to environmental variability and the complex architecture and metabolic growth cycles of plants. Kiwifruit cultivars of Actinidia chinensis are vigorous perennial vines grown as clones in highly structured orchard environments, intensively managed to maximize fruit yield and quality. To understand the metabolic responses of vines to orchard management practices, we needed to better understand the various sources of metabolic variability encountered in the orchard. Triplicate composite leaf, internode and fruit (mature and immature) samples were collected from each of six Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa 'Hayward' and A. chinensis var. chinensis 'Zesy002' kiwifruit vines at three times during the growing season and measured by LC-MS. In general, there was more variation in metabolite concentrations within vines than between vines, with 'Hayward' showing a greater percentage of within-vine variability than 'Zesy002' (c. 90 vs. 70% respectively). In specific tissues, the sampler, infection by Pseudomonas syringae var. actinidiae and the rootstock also influenced metabolite variability. A similar pattern of metabolic variability was observed from quantitative analysis of specific carbohydrates and phytohormones. High within-vine metabolic variability indicates that it is more important to obtain sufficient replicate samples than to sample from multiple vines. These data provide an objective basis for optimizing metabolite sampling strategies within kiwifruit orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl Rowan
- Fitzherbert Science Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Batchelar Road, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (S.C.); (D.H.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Helen Boldingh
- Ruakura Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Bisley Road, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand; (H.B.); (J.C.); (K.H.); (D.J.); (T.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Sarah Cordiner
- Fitzherbert Science Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Batchelar Road, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (S.C.); (D.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Janine Cooney
- Ruakura Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Bisley Road, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand; (H.B.); (J.C.); (K.H.); (D.J.); (T.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Duncan Hedderley
- Fitzherbert Science Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Batchelar Road, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (S.C.); (D.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Katrin Hewitt
- Ruakura Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Bisley Road, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand; (H.B.); (J.C.); (K.H.); (D.J.); (T.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Dwayne Jensen
- Ruakura Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Bisley Road, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand; (H.B.); (J.C.); (K.H.); (D.J.); (T.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Trisha Pereira
- Ruakura Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Bisley Road, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand; (H.B.); (J.C.); (K.H.); (D.J.); (T.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Tania Trower
- Ruakura Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Bisley Road, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand; (H.B.); (J.C.); (K.H.); (D.J.); (T.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Tony McGhie
- Fitzherbert Science Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Batchelar Road, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (S.C.); (D.H.); (T.M.)
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El-Badri AM, Batool M, A. A. Mohamed I, Wang Z, Khatab A, Sherif A, Ahmad H, Khan MN, Hassan HM, Elrewainy IM, Kuai J, Zhou G, Wang B. Antioxidative and Metabolic Contribution to Salinity Stress Responses in Two Rapeseed Cultivars during the Early Seedling Stage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081227. [PMID: 34439475 PMCID: PMC8389040 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring metabolite patterns and antioxidant ability is vital to understanding the physiological and molecular responses of plants under salinity. A morphological analysis of five rapeseed cultivars showed that Yangyou 9 and Zhongshuang 11 were the most salt-tolerant and -sensitive, respectively. In Yangyou 9, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were minimized by the activation of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) for scavenging of over-accumulated ROS under salinity stress. Furthermore, Yangyou 9 showed a significantly higher positive correlation with photosynthetic pigments, osmolyte accumulation, and an adjusted Na+/K+ ratio to improve salt tolerance compared to Zhongshuang 11. Out of 332 compounds identified in the metabolic profile, 225 metabolites were filtrated according to p < 0.05, and 47 metabolites responded to salt stress within tolerant and sensitive cultivars during the studied time, whereas 16 and 9 metabolic compounds accumulated during 12 and 24 h, respectively, in Yangyou 9 after being sown in salt treatment, including fatty acids, amino acids, and flavonoids. These metabolites are relevant to metabolic pathways (amino acid, sucrose, flavonoid metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), which accumulated as a response to salinity stress. Thus, Yangyou 9, as a tolerant cultivar, showed improved antioxidant enzyme activity and higher metabolite accumulation, which enhances its tolerance against salinity. This work aids in elucidating the essential cellular metabolic changes in response to salt stress in rapeseed cultivars during seed germination. Meanwhile, the identified metabolites can act as biomarkers to characterize plant performance in breeding programs under salt stress. This comprehensive study of the metabolomics and antioxidant activities of Brassica napus L. during the early seedling stage is of great reference value for plant breeders to develop salt-tolerant rapeseed cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoud El-Badri
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.M.E.-B.); (M.B.); (I.A.A.M.); (Z.W.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (M.N.K.); (J.K.); (G.Z.)
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt; (H.M.H.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Maria Batool
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.M.E.-B.); (M.B.); (I.A.A.M.); (Z.W.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (M.N.K.); (J.K.); (G.Z.)
| | - Ibrahim A. A. Mohamed
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.M.E.-B.); (M.B.); (I.A.A.M.); (Z.W.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (M.N.K.); (J.K.); (G.Z.)
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Zongkai Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.M.E.-B.); (M.B.); (I.A.A.M.); (Z.W.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (M.N.K.); (J.K.); (G.Z.)
| | - Ahmed Khatab
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.M.E.-B.); (M.B.); (I.A.A.M.); (Z.W.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (M.N.K.); (J.K.); (G.Z.)
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt; (H.M.H.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Ahmed Sherif
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.M.E.-B.); (M.B.); (I.A.A.M.); (Z.W.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (M.N.K.); (J.K.); (G.Z.)
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt; (H.M.H.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Hasan Ahmad
- National Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Mohammad Nauman Khan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.M.E.-B.); (M.B.); (I.A.A.M.); (Z.W.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (M.N.K.); (J.K.); (G.Z.)
| | - Hamada Mohamed Hassan
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt; (H.M.H.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Ibrahim M. Elrewainy
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt; (H.M.H.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Jie Kuai
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.M.E.-B.); (M.B.); (I.A.A.M.); (Z.W.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (M.N.K.); (J.K.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guangsheng Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.M.E.-B.); (M.B.); (I.A.A.M.); (Z.W.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (M.N.K.); (J.K.); (G.Z.)
| | - Bo Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.M.E.-B.); (M.B.); (I.A.A.M.); (Z.W.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (M.N.K.); (J.K.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+86-027-8728-2130 or +86-137-0719-2880
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Abstract
Metabolomics is a technology that generates large amounts of data and contributes to obtaining wide and integral explanations of the biochemical state of a living organism. Plants are continuously affected by abiotic stresses such as water scarcity, high temperatures and high salinity, and metabolomics has the potential for elucidating the response-to-stress mechanisms and develop resistance strategies in affected cultivars. This review describes the characteristics of each of the stages of metabolomic studies in plants and the role of metabolomics in the characterization of the response of various plant species to abiotic stresses.
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Wang X, Bai J, Wang W, Zhang G, Yin S, Wang D. A comparative metabolomics analysis of the halophyte Suaeda salsa and Salicornia europaea. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:1109-1122. [PMID: 32323170 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Suaeda salsa and Salicornia europaea are both annual herbaceous species belonging to the Chenopodiaceae family, and often grow together through our observations in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve, and could be used as raw material to produce food and beverages in food industry due to its high nutritional value. In this study, we adopted widely targeted metabolomics to identify 822 and 694 metabolites in the leaves of S. salsa and S. europaea, respectively, to provide a basic data for the future development and utilization of these two species. We found that these two plants were rich in metabolic components with high medical value, such as flavonoids, alkaloids and coumarins. The high contents of branched chain amino acid in these two species may be an important factor for their adaptation to saline-alkali environments. In addition, the contents of glucosamine (FC = 7.70), maltose (FC = 9.34) and D-(+)-sucrose (FC = 7.19) increased significantly, and the contents of D-(+)-glucose, 2-propenyl (sinigrin) and fructose 1-phosphate were significantly increased in the leaves of S. salsa compared to S. europaea, indicating that some certain compounds in different plants have different sensitivity to salt stress. Our work provides new perspectives about important second metabolism pathways in salt tolerance between these two plants, which could be helpful for studying the tolerance mechanisms of wetland plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Junhong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Guangliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shuo Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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15
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Razi K, Muneer S. Drought stress-induced physiological mechanisms, signaling pathways and molecular response of chloroplasts in common vegetable crops. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:669-691. [PMID: 33525946 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1874280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most adverse abiotic stresses that hinder plants' growth and productivity, threatening sustainable crop production. It impairs normal growth, disturbs water relations and reduces water-use efficiency in plants. However, plants have evolved many physiological and biochemical responses at the cellular and organism levels, in order to cope with drought stress. Photosynthesis, which is considered one of the most crucial biological processes for survival of plants, is greatly affected by drought stress. A gradual decrease in CO2 assimilation rates, reduced leaf size, stem extension and root proliferation under drought stress, disturbs plant water relations, reducing water-use efficiency, disrupts photosynthetic pigments and reduces the gas exchange affecting the plants adversely. In such conditions, the chloroplast, organelle responsible for photosynthesis, is found to counteract the ill effects of drought stress by its critical involvement as a sensor of changes occurring in the environment, as the first process that drought stress affects is photosynthesis. Beside photosynthesis, chloroplasts carry out primary metabolic functions such as the biosynthesis of starch, amino acids, lipids, and tetrapyroles, and play a central role in the assimilation of nitrogen and sulfur. Because the chloroplasts are central organelles where the photosynthetic reactions take place, modifications in their physiology and protein pools are expected in response to the drought stress-induced variations in leaf gas exchanges and the accumulation of ROS. Higher expression levels of various transcription factors and other proteins including heat shock-related protein, LEA proteins seem to be regulating the heat tolerance mechanisms. However, several aspects of plastid alterations, following a water deficit environment are still poorly characterized. Since plants adapt to various stress tolerance mechanisms to respond to drought stress, understanding mechanisms of drought stress tolerance in plants will lead toward the development of drought tolerance in crop plants. This review throws light on major droughts stress-induced molecular/physiological mechanisms in response to severe and prolonged drought stress and addresses the molecular response of chloroplasts in common vegetable crops. It further highlights research gaps, identifying unexplored domains and suggesting recommendations for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaukab Razi
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.,School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sowbiya Muneer
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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16
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Yep B, Gale NV, Zheng Y. Aquaponic and Hydroponic Solutions Modulate NaCl-Induced Stress in Drug-Type Cannabis sativa L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1169. [PMID: 32849724 PMCID: PMC7424260 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effects of salt-induced stress in drug-type Cannabis sativa L. (C. sativa), a crop with increasing global importance, are almost entirely unknown. In an indoor controlled factorial experiment involving a type-II chemovar (i.e., one which produces Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid ~THCA and cannabidiolic acid ~ CBDA), the effects of increasing NaCl concentrations (1-40 mM) was tested in hydroponic and aquaponic solutions during the flowering stage. Growth parameters (height, canopy volume), plant physiology (chlorophyll content, leaf-gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and water use efficiency), and solution physicochemical properties (pH, EC, and nutrients) was measured throughout the experiment. Upon maturation of inflorescences, plants were harvested and yield (dry inflorescence biomass) and inflorescence potency (mass-based concentration of cannabinoids) was determined. It was found that cannabinoids decreased linearly with increasing NaCl concentration: -0.026 and -0.037% THCA·mM NaCl-1 for aquaponic and hydroponic solutions, respectively. The growth and physiological responses to NaCl in hydroponic-but not the aquaponic solution-became negatively affected at 40 mM. The mechanisms of aquaponic solution which allow this potential enhanced NaCl tolerance is worthy of future investigation. Commercial cultivation involving the use of hydroponic solution should carefully monitor NaCl concentrations, so that they do not exceed the phytotoxic concentration of 40 mM found here; and are aware that NaCl in excess of 5 mM may decrease yield and potency. Additional research investigating cultivar- and rootzone-specific responses to salt-induced stress is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Yep
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Nigel V. Gale
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Youbin Zheng
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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17
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Sweetman C, Miller TK, Booth NJ, Shavrukov Y, Jenkins CL, Soole KL, Day DA. Identification of Alternative Mitochondrial Electron Transport Pathway Components in Chickpea Indicates a Differential Response to Salinity Stress between Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3844. [PMID: 32481694 PMCID: PMC7312301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
All plants contain an alternative electron transport pathway (AP) in their mitochondria, consisting of the alternative oxidase (AOX) and type 2 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (ND) families, that are thought to play a role in controlling oxidative stress responses at the cellular level. These alternative electron transport components have been extensively studied in plants like Arabidopsis and stress inducible isoforms identified, but we know very little about them in the important crop plant chickpea. Here we identify AP components in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and explore their response to stress at the transcript level. Based on sequence similarity with the functionally characterized proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana, five putative internal (matrix)-facing NAD(P)H dehydrogenases (CaNDA1-4 and CaNDC1) and four putative external (inter-membrane space)-facing NAD(P)H dehydrogenases (CaNDB1-4) were identified in chickpea. The corresponding activities were demonstrated for the first time in purified mitochondria of chickpea leaves and roots. Oxidation of matrix NADH generated from malate or glycine in the presence of the Complex I inhibitor rotenone was high compared to other plant species, as was oxidation of exogenous NAD(P)H. In leaf mitochondria, external NADH oxidation was stimulated by exogenous calcium and external NADPH oxidation was essentially calcium dependent. However, in roots these activities were low and largely calcium independent. A salinity experiment with six chickpea cultivars was used to identify salt-responsive alternative oxidase and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase gene transcripts in leaves from a three-point time series. An analysis of the Na:K ratio and Na content separated these cultivars into high and low Na accumulators. In the high Na accumulators, there was a significant up-regulation of CaAOX1, CaNDB2, CaNDB4, CaNDA3 and CaNDC1 in leaf tissue under long term stress, suggesting the formation of a stress-modified form of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) in leaves of these cultivars. In particular, stress-induced expression of the CaNDB2 gene showed a striking positive correlation with that of CaAOX1 across all genotypes and time points. The coordinated salinity-induced up-regulation of CaAOX1 and CaNDB2 suggests that the mitochondrial alternative pathway of respiration is an important facet of the stress response in chickpea, in high Na accumulators in particular, despite high capacities for both of these activities in leaf mitochondria of non-stressed chickpeas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Sweetman
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia; (T.K.M.); (N.J.B.); (Y.S.); (C.L.D.J.); (K.L.S.); (D.A.D.)
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18
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An X, Jin G, Luo X, Chen C, Li W, Zhu G. Transcriptome analysis and transcription factors responsive to drought stress in Hibiscus cannabinus. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8470. [PMID: 32140299 PMCID: PMC7047868 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kenaf is an annual bast fiber crop. Drought stress influences the growth of kenaf stems and causes a marked decrease in fiber yield and quality. Research on the drought resistance of kenaf is therefore important, but limited information is available on the response mechanism of kenaf to drought stress. In this study, a transcriptome analysis of genes associated with the drought stress response in kenaf was performed. About 264,244,210 bp high-quality reads were obtained after strict quality inspection and data cleaning. Compared with the control group, 4,281 genes were differentially expressed in plants treated with drought stress for 7 d (the drought stress group). Compared with the control group, 605 genes showed differential expression in plants subjected to drought stress for 6 d and then watered for 1 d (the rewatering group). Compared with the rewatering group, 5,004 genes were differentially expressed in the drought stress group. In the comparisons between the drought stress and control groups, and between the drought stress and rewatering groups, the pathway that showed the most highly significant enrichment was plant hormone signal transduction. In the comparison between the rewatering and control groups, the pathways that showed the most highly significant enrichment were starch and sucrose metabolism. Eight transcription factors belonging to the AP2/ERF, MYB, NAC, and WRKY families (two transcription factors per family) detected in the leaf transcriptome were associated with the drought stress response. The identified transcription factors provide a basis for further investigation of the response mechanism of kenaf to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia An
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton & Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanrong Jin
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton & Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiahong Luo
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton & Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changli Chen
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton & Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenlue Li
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton & Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanlin Zhu
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton & Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Ferrari C, Mutwil M. Gene expression analysis of Cyanophora paradoxa reveals conserved abiotic stress responses between basal algae and flowering plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1562-1577. [PMID: 31602652 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The glaucophyte Cyanophora paradoxa represents the most basal member of the kingdom Archaeplastida, but the function and expression of most of its genes are unknown. This information is needed to uncover how functional gene modules, that is groups of genes performing a given function, evolved in the plant kingdom. We have generated a gene expression atlas capturing responses of Cyanophora to various abiotic stresses. The data were included in the CoNekT-Plants database, enabling comparative transcriptomic analyses across two algae and six land plants. We demonstrate how the database can be used to study gene expression, co-expression networks and gene function in Cyanophora, and how conserved transcriptional programs can be identified. We identified gene modules involved in phycobilisome biosynthesis, response to high light and cell division. While we observed no correlation between the number of differentially expressed genes and the impact on growth of Cyanophora, we found that the response to stress involves a conserved, kingdom-wide transcriptional reprogramming, which is activated upon most stresses in algae and land plants. The Cyanophora stress gene expression atlas and the tools found in the https://conekt.plant.tools/ database thus provide a useful resource to reveal functionally related genes and stress responses in the plant kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Ferrari
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marek Mutwil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
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Cui YN, Wang FZ, Yang CH, Yuan JZ, Guo H, Zhang JL, Wang SM, Ma Q. Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies Candidate Genes Involved in the Salt Tolerance of the Xerophyte Pugionium cornutum. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10121039. [PMID: 31842449 PMCID: PMC6947847 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The xerophyte Pugionium cornutum adapts to salt stress by accumulating inorganic ions (e.g., Cl−) for osmotic adjustment and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, but the associated molecular basis remains unclear. In this study, we first found that P. cornutum could also maintain cell membrane stability due to its prominent ROS-scavenging ability and exhibits efficient carbon assimilation capacity under salt stress. Then, the candidate genes associated with the important physiological traits of the salt tolerance of P. cornutum were identified through transcriptomic analysis. The results showed that after 50 mM NaCl treatment for 6 or 24 h, multiple genes encoding proteins facilitating Cl− accumulation and NO3− homeostasis, as well as the transport of other major inorganic osmoticums, were significantly upregulated in roots and shoots, which should be favorable for enhancing osmotic adjustment capacity and maintaining the uptake and transport of nutrient elements; a large number of genes related to ROS-scavenging pathways were also significantly upregulated, which might be beneficial for mitigating salt-induced oxidative damage to the cells. Meanwhile, many genes encoding components of the photosynthetic electron transport pathway and carbon fixation enzymes were significantly upregulated in shoots, possibly resulting in high carbon assimilation efficiency in P. cornutum. Additionally, numerous salt-inducible transcription factor genes that probably regulate the abovementioned processes were found. This work lays a preliminary foundation for clarifying the molecular mechanism underlying the adaptation of xerophytes to harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qing Ma
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-931-8913447
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Savić J, Nikolić R, Banjac N, Zdravković-Korać S, Stupar S, Cingel A, Ćosić T, Raspor M, Smigocki A, Ninković S. Beneficial implications of sugar beet proteinase inhibitor BvSTI on plant architecture and salt stress tolerance in Lotus corniculatus L. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 243:153055. [PMID: 31639537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Food demands of increasing human population dictate intensification of livestock production, however, environmental stresses could jeopardize producers' efforts. Forage legumes suffer from yield losses and poor nutritional status due to salinity increase of agricultural soils. As tools aimed to reduce negative impacts of biotic or abiotic stresses, proteinase inhibitors (PIs) have been promoted for biotechnological improvements. In order to increase tolerance of Lotus corniculatus L. to salt stress, serine PI, BvSTI, was introduced into this legume using Agrobacterium rhizogenes, with final transformation efficiency of 4.57%. PCR, DNA gel-blot, RT-PCR and in-gel protein activity assays confirmed the presence and activity of BvSTI products in transformed lines. Plants from three selected transgenic lines (21, 73 and 109) showed significant alterations in overall phenotypic appearance, corresponding to differences in BvSTI accumulation. Lines 73 and 109 showed up to 7.3-fold higher number of tillers and massive, up to 5.8-fold heavier roots than in nontransformed controls (NTC). Line 21 was phenotypically similar to NTC, accumulated less BvSTI transcripts and did not exhibit an additional band of recombinant trypsin inhibitor as seen in lines 73 and 109. Exposure of the transgenic lines to NaCl revealed different levels of salt stress susceptibility. The NaCl sensitivity index, based on morphological appearance and chlorophyll concentrations showed that lines 73 and 109 were significantly less affected by salinity than NTC or line 21. High level of BvSTI altered morphology and delayed salt stress related senescence, implicating BvSTI gene as a promising tool for salinity tolerance improvement trials in L. corniculatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Savić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Radomirka Nikolić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Banjac
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Zdravković-Korać
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sofija Stupar
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Cingel
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Ćosić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Martin Raspor
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ann Smigocki
- USDA-ARS, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Slavica Ninković
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
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Menéndez AB, Calzadilla PI, Sansberro PA, Espasandin FD, Gazquez A, Bordenave CD, Maiale SJ, Rodríguez AA, Maguire VG, Campestre MP, Garriz A, Rossi FR, Romero FM, Solmi L, Salloum MS, Monteoliva MI, Debat JH, Ruiz OA. Polyamines and Legumes: Joint Stories of Stress, Nitrogen Fixation and Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1415. [PMID: 31749821 PMCID: PMC6844238 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are natural aliphatic amines involved in many physiological processes in almost all living organisms, including responses to abiotic stresses and microbial interactions. On other hand, the family Leguminosae constitutes an economically and ecologically key botanical group for humans, being also regarded as the most important protein source for livestock. This review presents the profuse evidence that relates changes in PAs levels during responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in model and cultivable species within Leguminosae and examines the unreviewed information regarding their potential roles in the functioning of symbiotic interactions with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizae in this family. As linking plant physiological behavior with "big data" available in "omics" is an essential step to improve our understanding of legumes responses to global change, we also examined integrative MultiOmics approaches available to decrypt the interface legumes-PAs-abiotic and biotic stress interactions. These approaches are expected to accelerate the identification of stress tolerant phenotypes and the design of new biotechnological strategies to increase their yield and adaptation to marginal environments, making better use of available plant genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bernardina Menéndez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Ayelén Gazquez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrés Garriz
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Franco Rubén Rossi
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
| | | | - Leandro Solmi
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Maria Soraya Salloum
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV) Ing “Victorio S Trippi,” Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariela Inés Monteoliva
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV) Ing “Victorio S Trippi,” Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julio Humberto Debat
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal (IPAVE) Ing “Sergio Nome,” Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Oscar Adolfo Ruiz
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV) Ing “Victorio S Trippi,” Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
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Dadshani S, Sharma RC, Baum M, Ogbonnaya FC, Léon J, Ballvora A. Multi-dimensional evaluation of response to salt stress in wheat. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222659. [PMID: 31568491 PMCID: PMC6768486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major threat to crop production worldwide. The global climate change is further accelerating the process of soil salinization, particularly in dry areas of the world. Increasing genetic variability of currently used wheat varieties by introgression of exotic alleles/genes from related progenitors' species in breeding programs is an efficient approach to overcome limitations due to the absence of valuable genetic diversity in elite cultivars. Synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) is widely regarded as donor of favourable exotic alleles to improve tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses such as salinity stress. In this study, synthetic backcross lines (SBLs) winter wheat population "Z86", derived from crosses involving synthetic hexaploid wheat Syn86L with German elite winter wheat cultivar Zentos, was evaluated for salinity tolerance at different developmental stages under controlled and field conditions in three growing seasons. High genetic variability was detected across the SBLs and their parents at various growth stages under controlled as well as under salt stress field trials. Greater performance of Zentos over Syn86L was detected at germination stage across all salt treatments and with respect to shoot dry weight (SDW) and root dry weight (RDW) at seedling stage. Whereas for the root length (RL) and the shoot length (SL) Syn86L surpassed the elite cultivar and most of the progenies. Our experiments revealed for almost all traits that some genotypes among the SBLs showed higher performance than their parents. Furthermore, positive transgressive segregations were detected among the SBLs for germination at high salinity levels, as well as for RDW and SDW at seedling stage. Therefore, the studied Z86 population is a suitable population for assessment of salinity stress on morphological and physiological traits at different plant growth stages. The identified SBLs provide a valuable source for genetic gain through recombination of superior alleles that can be directly applied in breeding programs for efficiently breeding cultivars with improved salinity tolerance and desired agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Dadshani
- INRES Plant Breeding, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ram C. Sharma
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Michael Baum
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Jens Léon
- INRES Plant Breeding, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Agim Ballvora
- INRES Plant Breeding, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
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Li Q, Song J. Analysis of widely targeted metabolites of the euhalophyte Suaeda salsa under saline conditions provides new insights into salt tolerance and nutritional value in halophytic species. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:388. [PMID: 31492100 PMCID: PMC6729093 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suaeda salsa L. (S. salsa) is an annual euhalophyte with high salt tolerance and high value as an oil crop, traditional Chinese medicine and vegetable. However, there are few comprehensive studies on the metabolomics of S. salsa under saline conditions. RESULTS Seedlings of S. salsa were cultured with 0, 200 and 500 mM NaCl for two days. Then, widely targeted metabolites were detected with ultra performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 639 metabolites were annotated. Among these, 253 metabolites were differential metabolites. Salt treatment increased the content of certain metabolites, such as nucleotide and its derivates, organic acids, the content of amino acids, lipids such as α-linolenic acid, and certain antioxidants such as quercetin. These substances may be correlated to osmotic tolerance, increased antioxidant activity, and medical and nutritional value in the species. CONCLUSION This study comprehensively analyzed the metabolic response of S. salsa under salinity from the perspective of omics, and provides an important theoretical basis for understanding salt tolerance and evaluating nutritional value in the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhua East Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhua East Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Sun CX, Hao L, Wang D, Li C, Zhang C, Chen X, Fu J, Zhang YL. Nitrogen utilisation and metabolism in maize (Zea mays L.) plants under different rates of biochar addition and nitrogen input conditions. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:882-890. [PMID: 31002433 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) application could improve plant nitrogen (N) utilisation and potentially reduce N fertiliser requirements. However, the fate of N in crop-soil systems and the metabolic responses of crops under conditions of BC co-applied with reduced N are not well understood. The urea-15 N isotope and pot experiments with three BC rates (0%, 5% and 15%; w/w) combined with three N fertiliser levels (100% N, 85% N and 55% N) were conducted for maize. The metabolome, 15 N abundance and gene expression in plants were analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance, gas isotope mass spectrometry and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, respectively. The results showed that recovery of N by maize ranged from 27.4% to 23.6% and decreased as the N application rate decreased (from 100% to 55%) without BC addition, but ranged from 24.6% to 29.4% when BC was added at a rate of 5% and increased as the N application rate decreased. BC addition had major effects on global metabolic profiles and metabolic networks at the metabolomics level as well as on the expression of related genes (zmGS1and zmAS1) and the content of mineral N (NO3 - , NO2 - and NH4 + ) in maize seedlings; moreover, the interaction effects of the BC application rates and N fertiliser levels were evident (P ≤ 0.001). BC addition induced a decrease in the flux toward sugar hydrolysis and maintained homeostasis in the amino acid pool, which was perturbed by reduced N levels; after which the maize plants adapted to the reduced N condition, and the N recovery efficiency ultimately improved with reduced N loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- C X Sun
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - L Hao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - D Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - C Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - C Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - X Chen
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - J Fu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Y L Zhang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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26
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Escaray FJ, Antonelli CJ, Carrasco P, Ruiz OA. Interspecific hybridization improves the performance of Lotus spp. under saline stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:202-210. [PMID: 31128690 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most frequent limiting conditions in pasture production for grazing livestock. Legumes, such as Lotus spp. with high forage quality and capable of adapting to different environments, improves pasture performance in restrictive areas. In order to determine potential cultivars with better forage traits, the current study assess the response to salt stress of L. tenuis, L. corniculatus and a novel L. tenuis x L. corniculatus accession. For this purpose, chlorophyll fluorescence, biomass production, ion accumulation and anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins levels have been evaluated in control and salt-treated plants PSII activity was affected by salt in L. tenuis, but not in L. corniculatus or hybrid plants. Analyzed accessions showed similar values of biomass, Na+ and K+ levels after salt treatment. Increasing Cl- concentrations were observed in all accessions. However, hybrid plants accumulate Cl- in stems at higher levels than their parental. At the same time, the levels of anthocyanins considerably increased in L. tenuis x L. corniculatus stems. Chloride and anthocyanin accumulation in stems could explain the best performance of hybrid plants after a long saline treatment. Finally, as proanthocyanidins levels were no affected by salt, L. tenuis x L. corniculatus plants maintained adequate levels to be used as ruminant feed. In conclusion, these results suggest that hybrid plants have a high potential to be used as forage on salt-affected lands. High Cl- and anthocyanins accumulation in Lotus spp. stems seems to be a trait associated to salinity tolerance, with the possibility of being used in legume breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Escaray
- Unidad de Biotecnología 1, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECh) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Cristian Javier Antonelli
- Unidad de Biotecnología 1, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECh) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Pedro Carrasco
- Departament de Bioquìmica y Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, Spain
| | - Oscar Adolfo Ruiz
- Unidad de Biotecnología 1, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECh) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV / INTA), Argentina.
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27
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Kang Y, Torres‐Jerez I, An Z, Greve V, Huhman D, Krom N, Cui Y, Udvardi M. Genome-wide association analysis of salinity responsive traits in Medicago truncatula. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1513-1531. [PMID: 30593671 PMCID: PMC6850670 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress is an important cause of crop yield loss in many parts of the world. Here, we performed genome-wide association studies of salinity-stress responsive traits in 132 HapMap genotypes of the model legume Medicago truncatula. Plants grown in soil were subjected to a step-wise increase in NaCl concentration, from 0 through 0.5% and 1.0% to 1.5%, and the following traits were measured: vigor, shoot biomass, shoot water content, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf size, and leaf and root concentrations of proline and major ions (Na+ , Cl- , K+ , Ca2+ , etc.). Genome-wide association studies were carried out using 2.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, and 12 genomic regions associated with at least four traits each were identified. Transcript-level analysis of the top eight candidate genes in five extreme genotypes revealed association between salinity tolerance and transcript-level changes for seven of the genes, encoding a vacuolar H+ -ATPase, two transcription factors, two proteins involved in vesicle trafficking, one peroxidase, and a protein of unknown function. Earlier functional studies on putative orthologues of two of the top eight genes (a vacuolar H+ -ATPase and a peroxidase) demonstrated their involvement in plant salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kang
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOklahoma73401
| | | | - Zewei An
- State Center for Rubber Breeding and Rubber Research InstituteDanzhouHainan571700China
| | - Veronica Greve
- College of Biological SciencesUniversity of MinnesotaHuntsvilleAlabama35806
| | | | | | - Yuehua Cui
- Department of Statistics and ProbabilityMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824
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28
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Yin H, Li M, Li D, Khan SA, Hepworth SR, Wang SM. Transcriptome analysis reveals regulatory framework for salt and osmotic tolerance in a succulent xerophyte. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:88. [PMID: 30819118 PMCID: PMC6394007 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zygophyllum xanthoxylum is a succulent xerophyte with remarkable tolerance to diverse abiotic stresses. Previous studies have revealed important physiological mechanisms and identified functional genes associated with stress tolerance. However, knowledge of the regulatory genes conferring stress tolerance in this species is poorly understood. RESULTS Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of regulatory genes based on the transcriptome of Z. xanthoxylum roots exposed to osmotic stress and salt treatments. Significant changes were observed in transcripts related to known and obscure stress-related hormone signaling pathways, in particular abscisic acid and auxin. Significant changes were also found among key classes of early response regulatory genes encoding protein kinases, transcription factors, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis machinery. Network analysis shows a highly integrated matrix formed by these conserved and novel gene products associated with osmotic stress and salt in Z. xanthoxylum. Among them, two previously uncharacterized NAC (NAM/ATAF/CUC) transcription factor genes, ZxNAC083 (Unigene16368_All) and ZxNAC035 (CL6534.Contig1_All), conferred tolerance to salt and drought stress when constitutively overexpressed in Arabidopsis plants. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a unique framework for understanding osmotic stress and salt adaptation in Z. xanthoxylum including novel gene targets for engineering stress tolerance in susceptible crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongju Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengzhan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dingding Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
| | - Sardar-Ali Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shelley R. Hepworth
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Suo-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
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29
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Sweetman C, Soole KL, Jenkins CLD, Day DA. Genomic structure and expression of alternative oxidase genes in legumes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:71-84. [PMID: 29424926 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria isolated from chickpea (Cicer arietinum) possess substantial alternative oxidase (AOX) activity, even in non-stressed plants, and one or two AOX protein bands were detected immunologically, depending on the organ. Four different AOX isoforms were identified in the chickpea genome: CaAOX1 and CaAOX2A, B and D. CaAOX2A was the most highly expressed form and was strongly expressed in photosynthetic tissues, whereas CaAOX2D was found in all organs examined. These results are very similar to those of previous studies with soybean and siratro. Searches of available databases showed that this pattern of AOX genes and their expression was common to at least 16 different legume species. The evolution of the legume AOX gene family is discussed, as is the in vivo impact of an inherently high AOX capacity in legumes on growth and responses to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Sweetman
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub, Legumes for Sustainable Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, GPO Box 2001, Australia
| | - Kathleen L Soole
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub, Legumes for Sustainable Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, GPO Box 2001, Australia
| | - Colin L D Jenkins
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub, Legumes for Sustainable Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, GPO Box 2001, Australia
| | - David A Day
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub, Legumes for Sustainable Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, GPO Box 2001, Australia
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30
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Richter JA, Behr JH, Erban A, Kopka J, Zörb C. Ion-dependent metabolic responses of Vicia faba L. to salt stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:295-309. [PMID: 29940081 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Salt-affected farmlands are increasingly burdened by chlorides, carbonates, and sulfates of sodium, calcium, and magnesium. Intriguingly, the underlying physiological processes are studied almost always under NaCl stress. Two faba bean cultivars were subjected to low- and high-salt treatments of NaCl, Na2 SO4 , and KCl. Assimilation rate and leaf water vapor conductance were reduced to approximately 25-30% without biomass reduction after 7 days salt stress, but this did not cause severe carbon shortage. The equimolar treatments of Na+ , K+ , and Cl- showed comparable accumulation patterns in leaves and roots, except for SO42- which did not accumulate. To gain a detailed understanding of the effects caused by the tested ion combinations, we performed nontargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling. Metabolic responses to various salts were in part highly linearly correlated, but only a few metabolite responses were common to all salts and in both cultivars. At high salt concentrations, only myo-inositol, allantoin, and glycerophosphoglycerol were highly significantly increased in roots under all tested conditions. We discovered several metabolic responses that were preferentially associated with the presence of Na+ , K+ , or Cl- . For example, increases of leaf proline and decreases of leaf fumaric acid and malic acid were apparently associated with Cl- accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Richter
- Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan H Behr
- Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Christian Zörb
- Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Kelly S, Mun T, Stougaard J, Ben C, Andersen SU. Distinct Lotus japonicus Transcriptomic Responses to a Spectrum of Bacteria Ranging From Symbiotic to Pathogenic. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1218. [PMID: 30177945 PMCID: PMC6110179 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lotus japonicus is a well-studied nodulating legume and a model organism for the investigation of plant-microbe interactions. The majority of legume transcriptome studies have focused on interactions with compatible symbionts, whereas responses to non-adapted rhizobia and pathogenic bacteria have not been well-characterized. In this study, we first characterized the transcriptomic response of L. japonicus to its compatible symbiont, Mesorhizobium loti R7A, through RNA-seq analysis of various plant tissues. Early symbiotic signaling was largely Nod factor-dependent and enhanced within root hairs, and we observed large-scale transcriptional reprogramming in nodule primordia and mature nitrogen-fixing nodules. We then characterized root transcriptional responses to a spectrum of L. japonicus interacting bacteria ranging from semi-compatible symbionts to pathogens. M. loti R7A and the semi-compatible strain Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 showed remarkably similar responses, allowing us to identify a small number of genes potentially involved in differentiating between fully and semi-compatible symbionts. The incompatible symbiont Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA61 induced a more attenuated response, but the weakest response was observed for the foliar pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, where the affected genes also responded to other tested bacteria, pointing to a small set of common bacterial response genes. In contrast, the root pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum JS763 induced a pronounced and distinct transcriptomic pathogen response, which we compared to the results of the other treatments. This comparative analysis did not support the concept that an early defense-like response is generally evoked by compatible rhizobia during establishment of symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Terry Mun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cécile Ben
- ECOLAB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Stig U. Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Stig U. Andersen,
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García-Calderón M, Pérez-Delgado CM, Credali A, Vega JM, Betti M, Márquez AJ. Genes for asparagine metabolism in Lotus japonicus: differential expression and interconnection with photorespiration. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:781. [PMID: 29025409 PMCID: PMC5639745 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asparagine is a very important nitrogen transport and storage compound in plants due to its high nitrogen/carbon ratio and stability. Asparagine intracellular concentration depends on a balance between asparagine biosynthesis and degradation. The main enzymes involved in asparagine metabolism are asparagine synthetase (ASN), asparaginase (NSE) and serine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (SGAT). The study of the genes encoding for these enzymes in the model legume Lotus japonicus is of particular interest since it has been proposed that asparagine is the principal molecule used to transport reduced nitrogen within the plant in most temperate legumes. RESULTS A differential expression of genes encoding for several enzymes involved in asparagine metabolism was detected in L. japonicus. ASN is encoded by three genes, LjASN1 was the most highly expressed in mature leaves while LjASN2 expression was negligible and LjASN3 showed a low expression in this organ, suggesting that LjASN1 is the main gene responsible for asparagine synthesis in mature leaves. In young leaves, LjASN3 was the only ASN gene expressed although at low levels, while all the three genes encoding for NSE were highly expressed, especially LjNSE1. In nodules, LjASN2 and LjNSE2 were the most highly expressed genes, suggesting an important role for these genes in this organ. Several lines of evidence support the connection between asparagine metabolic genes and photorespiration in L. japonicus: a) a mutant plant deficient in LjNSE1 showed a dramatic decrease in the expression of the two genes encoding for SGAT; b) expression of the genes involved in asparagine metabolism is altered in a photorespiratory mutant lacking plastidic glutamine synthetase; c) a clustering analysis indicated a similar pattern of expression among several genes involved in photorespiratory and asparagine metabolism, indicating a clear link between LjASN1 and LjSGAT genes and photorespiration. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in this paper indicate the existence of a differential expression of asparagine metabolic genes in L. japonicus and point out the crucial relevance of particular genes in different organs. Moreover, the data presented establish clear links between asparagine and photorespiratory metabolic genes in this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita García-Calderón
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, C/ Profesor García González, 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen M Pérez-Delgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, C/ Profesor García González, 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alfredo Credali
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, C/ Profesor García González, 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M Vega
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, C/ Profesor García González, 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marco Betti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, C/ Profesor García González, 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Antonio J Márquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, C/ Profesor García González, 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
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Variable salinity responses of 12 alfalfa genotypes and comparative expression analyses of salt-response genes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42958. [PMID: 28225027 PMCID: PMC5320470 DOI: 10.1038/srep42958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Twelve alfalfa genotypes that were selected for biomass under salinity, differences in Na and Cl concentrations in shoots and K/Na ratio were evaluated in this long-term salinity experiment. The selected plants were cloned to reduce genetic variability within each genotype. Salt tolerance (ST) index of the genotypes ranged from 0.39 to 1. The most salt-tolerant genotypes SISA14-1 (G03) and AZ-90ST (G10), the top performers for biomass, exhibited the least effect on shoot number and height. SISA14-1 (G03) accumulated low Na and Cl under salinity. Most genotypes exhibited a net reduction in shoot Ca, Mg, P, Fe, and Cu, while Mn and Zn increased under salinity. Salinity reduced foliar area and stomatal conductance; while net photosynthetic rate and transpiration were not affected. Interestingly, salinity increased chlorophyll and antioxidant capacity in most genotypes; however neither parameter correlated well to ST index. Salt-tolerant genotypes showed upregulation of the SOS1, SOS2, SOS3, HKT1, AKT1, NHX1, P5CS1, HSP90.7, HSP81.2, HSP71.1, HSPC025, OTS1, SGF29 and SAL1 genes. Gene expression analyses allowed us to classify genotypes based on their ability to regulate different components of the salt tolerance mechanism. Pyramiding different components of the salt tolerance mechanism may lead to superior salt-tolerant alfalfa genotypes.
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Sytar O, Brestic M, Zivcak M, Olsovska K, Kovar M, Shao H, He X. Applying hyperspectral imaging to explore natural plant diversity towards improving salt stress tolerance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 578:90-99. [PMID: 27524726 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Salinity represents an abiotic stress constraint affecting growth and productivity of plants in many regions of the world. One of the possible solutions is to improve the level of salt resistance using natural genetic variability within crop species. In the context of recent knowledge on salt stress effects and mechanisms of salt tolerance, this review present useful phenomic approach employing different non-invasive imaging systems for detection of quantitative and qualitative changes caused by salt stress at the plant and canopy level. The focus is put on hyperspectral imaging technique, which provides unique opportunities for fast and reliable estimate of numerous characteristics associated both with various structural, biochemical and physiological traits. The method also provides possibilities to combine plant and canopy analyses with a direct determination of salinity in soil. The future perspectives in salt stress applications as well as some limits of the method are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Sytar
- Research Centre AgroBioTech, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marian Brestic
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Agro-biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Olsovska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Kovar
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Hongbo Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Agro-biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Xiaolan He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Agro-biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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Mun T, Bachmann A, Gupta V, Stougaard J, Andersen SU. Lotus Base: An integrated information portal for the model legume Lotus japonicus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39447. [PMID: 28008948 PMCID: PMC5180183 DOI: 10.1038/srep39447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lotus japonicus is a well-characterized model legume widely used in the study of plant-microbe interactions. However, datasets from various Lotus studies are poorly integrated and lack interoperability. We recognize the need for a comprehensive repository that allows comprehensive and dynamic exploration of Lotus genomic and transcriptomic data. Equally important are user-friendly in-browser tools designed for data visualization and interpretation. Here, we present Lotus Base, which opens to the research community a large, established LORE1 insertion mutant population containing an excess of 120,000 lines, and serves the end-user tightly integrated data from Lotus, such as the reference genome, annotated proteins, and expression profiling data. We report the integration of expression data from the L. japonicus gene expression atlas project, and the development of tools to cluster and export such data, allowing users to construct, visualize, and annotate co-expression gene networks. Lotus Base takes advantage of modern advances in browser technology to deliver powerful data interpretation for biologists. Its modular construction and publicly available application programming interface enable developers to tap into the wealth of integrated Lotus data. Lotus Base is freely accessible at: https://lotus.au.dk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Mun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Asger Bachmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 8, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 8, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Stig U. Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Jorge TF, Rodrigues JA, Caldana C, Schmidt R, van Dongen JT, Thomas-Oates J, António C. Mass spectrometry-based plant metabolomics: Metabolite responses to abiotic stress. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:620-49. [PMID: 25589422 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is one omics approach that can be used to acquire comprehensive information on the composition of a metabolite pool to provide a functional screen of the cellular state. Studies of the plant metabolome include analysis of a wide range of chemical species with diverse physical properties, from ionic inorganic compounds to biochemically derived hydrophilic carbohydrates, organic and amino acids, and a range of hydrophobic lipid-related compounds. This complexitiy brings huge challenges to the analytical technologies employed in current plant metabolomics programs, and powerful analytical tools are required for the separation and characterization of this extremely high compound diversity present in biological sample matrices. The use of mass spectrometry (MS)-based analytical platforms to profile stress-responsive metabolites that allow some plants to adapt to adverse environmental conditions is fundamental in current plant biotechnology research programs for the understanding and development of stress-tolerant plants. In this review, we describe recent applications of metabolomics and emphasize its increasing application to study plant responses to environmental (stress-) factors, including drought, salt, low oxygen caused by waterlogging or flooding of the soil, temperature, light and oxidative stress (or a combination of them). Advances in understanding the global changes occurring in plant metabolism under specific abiotic stress conditions are fundamental to enhance plant fitness and increase stress tolerance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 35:620-649, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago F Jorge
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier-Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-UNL), Avenida República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - João A Rodrigues
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Camila Caldana
- Max-Planck-partner group at the Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory/CNPEM, 13083-970, Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Romy Schmidt
- Institute of Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joost T van Dongen
- Institute of Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jane Thomas-Oates
- Jane Thomas-Oates, Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry, and Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Carla António
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier-Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-UNL), Avenida República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
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Zhang J, Yang D, Li M, Shi L. Metabolic Profiles Reveal Changes in Wild and Cultivated Soybean Seedling Leaves under Salt Stress. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159622. [PMID: 27442489 PMCID: PMC4956222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clarification of the metabolic mechanisms underlying salt stress responses in plants will allow further optimization of crop breeding and cultivation to obtain high yields in saline-alkali land. Here, we characterized 68 differential metabolites of cultivated soybean (Glycine max) and wild soybean (Glycine soja) under neutral-salt and alkali-salt stresses using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics, to reveal the physiological and molecular differences in salt tolerance. According to comparisons of growth parameters under the two kinds of salt stresses, the level of inhibition in wild soybean was lower than in cultivated soybean, especially under alkali-salt stress. Moreover, wild soybean contained significantly higher amounts of phenylalanine, asparagine, citraconic acid, citramalic acid, citric acid and α-ketoglutaric acid under neutral-salt stress, and higher amounts of palmitic acid, lignoceric acid, glucose, citric acid and α-ketoglutaric acid under alkali-salt stress, than cultivated soybean. Further investigations demonstrated that the ability of wild soybean to salt tolerance was mainly based on the synthesis of organic and amino acids, and the more active tricarboxylic acid cycle under neutral-salt stress. In addition, the metabolite profiling analysis suggested that the energy generation from β-oxidation, glycolysis and the citric acid cycle plays important roles under alkali-salt stress. Our results extend the understanding of mechanisms involved in wild soybean salt tolerance and provide an important reference for increasing yields and developing salt-tolerant soybean cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of life sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Dongshuang Yang
- School of life sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Mingxia Li
- School of life sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Lianxuan Shi
- School of life sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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38
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Uchiya P, Escaray FJ, Bilenca D, Pieckenstain F, Ruiz OA, Menéndez AB. Salt effects on functional traits in model and in economically important Lotus species. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:703-709. [PMID: 27007305 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A common stress on plants is NaCl-derived soil salinity. Genus Lotus comprises model and economically important species, which have been studied regarding physiological responses to salinity. Leaf area ratio (LAR), root length ratio (RLR) and their components, specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf mass fraction (LMF) and specific root length (SRL) and root mass fraction (RMF) might be affected by high soil salinity. We characterised L. tenuis, L. corniculatus, L. filicaulis, L. creticus, L. burtii and L. japonicus grown under different salt concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 mm NaCl) on the basis of SLA, LMF, SRL and RMF using PCA. We also assessed effects of different salt concentrations on LAR and RLR in each species, and explored whether changes in these traits provide fitness benefit. Salinity (150 mm NaCl) increased LAR in L. burtii and L. corniculatus, but not in the remaining species. The highest salt concentration caused a decrease of RLR in L. japonicus Gifu, but not in the remaining species. Changes in LAR and RLR would not be adaptive, according to adaptiveness analysis, with the exception of SLA changes in L. corniculatus. PCA revealed that under favourable conditions plants optimise surfaces for light and nutrient acquisition (SLA and SRL), whereas at higher salt concentrations they favour carbon allocation to leaves and roots (LMF and RMF) in detriment to their surfaces. PCA also showed that L. creticus subjected to saline treatment was distinguished from the remaining Lotus species. We suggest that augmented carbon partitioning to leaves and roots could constitute a salt-alleviating mechanism through toxic ion dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Uchiya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F J Escaray
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Bilenca
- IEGEBA, UBA-CONICET - Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Pieckenstain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - O A Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A B Menéndez
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, PROPLAME-PRHIDEB (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sun C, Gao X, Chen X, Fu J, Zhang Y. Metabolic and growth responses of maize to successive drought and re-watering cycles. AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT 2016; 172:62-73. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
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40
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Pérez-Delgado CM, Moyano TC, García-Calderón M, Canales J, Gutiérrez RA, Márquez AJ, Betti M. Use of transcriptomics and co-expression networks to analyze the interconnections between nitrogen assimilation and photorespiratory metabolism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3095-108. [PMID: 27117340 PMCID: PMC4867901 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for plants and, in natural soils, its availability is often a major limiting factor for plant growth. Here we examine the effect of different forms of nitrogen nutrition and of photorespiration on gene expression in the model legume Lotus japonicus with the aim of identifying regulatory candidate genes co-ordinating primary nitrogen assimilation and photorespiration. The transcriptomic changes produced by the use of different nitrogen sources in leaves of L. japonicus plants combined with the transcriptomic changes produced in the same tissue by different photorespiratory conditions were examined. The results obtained provide novel information on the possible role of plastidic glutamine synthetase in the response to different nitrogen sources and in the C/N balance of L. japonicus plants. The use of gene co-expression networks establishes a clear relationship between photorespiration and primary nitrogen assimilation and identifies possible transcription factors connected to the genes of both routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Pérez-Delgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González, 1, 41012-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Tomás C Moyano
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Margarita García-Calderón
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González, 1, 41012-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Canales
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja s/n, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Antonio J Márquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González, 1, 41012-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marco Betti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González, 1, 41012-Sevilla, Spain
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Wang H, Wang H, Shao H, Tang X. Recent Advances in Utilizing Transcription Factors to Improve Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance by Transgenic Technology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:67. [PMID: 26904044 PMCID: PMC4746321 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural production and quality are adversely affected by various abiotic stresses worldwide and this will be exacerbated by the deterioration of global climate. To feed a growing world population, it is very urgent to breed stress-tolerant crops with higher yields and improved qualities against multiple environmental stresses. Since conventional breeding approaches had marginal success due to the complexity of stress tolerance traits, the transgenic approach is now being popularly used to breed stress-tolerant crops. So identifying and characterizing the critical genes involved in plant stress responses is an essential prerequisite for engineering stress-tolerant crops. Far beyond the manipulation of single functional gene, engineering certain regulatory genes has emerged as an effective strategy now for controlling the expression of many stress-responsive genes. Transcription factors (TFs) are good candidates for genetic engineering to breed stress-tolerant crop because of their role as master regulators of many stress-responsive genes. Many TFs belonging to families AP2/EREBP, MYB, WRKY, NAC, bZIP have been found to be involved in various abiotic stresses and some TF genes have also been engineered to improve stress tolerance in model and crop plants. In this review, we take five large families of TFs as examples and review the recent progress of TFs involved in plant abiotic stress responses and their potential utilization to improve multiple stress tolerance of crops in the field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Wang
- Institute of Technology, Yantai Academy of China Agriculture UniversityYantai, China
| | - Honglei Wang
- Institute of Technology, Yantai Academy of China Agriculture UniversityYantai, China
| | - Hongbo Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesYantai, China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesYantai, China
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Joshi R, Wani SH, Singh B, Bohra A, Dar ZA, Lone AA, Pareek A, Singla-Pareek SL. Transcription Factors and Plants Response to Drought Stress: Current Understanding and Future Directions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1029. [PMID: 27471513 PMCID: PMC4943945 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing vulnerability of plants to a variety of stresses such as drought, salt and extreme temperatures poses a global threat to sustained growth and productivity of major crops. Of these stresses, drought represents a considerable threat to plant growth and development. In view of this, developing staple food cultivars with improved drought tolerance emerges as the most sustainable solution toward improving crop productivity in a scenario of climate change. In parallel, unraveling the genetic architecture and the targeted identification of molecular networks using modern "OMICS" analyses, that can underpin drought tolerance mechanisms, is urgently required. Importantly, integrated studies intending to elucidate complex mechanisms can bridge the gap existing in our current knowledge about drought stress tolerance in plants. It is now well established that drought tolerance is regulated by several genes, including transcription factors (TFs) that enable plants to withstand unfavorable conditions, and these remain potential genomic candidates for their wide application in crop breeding. These TFs represent the key molecular switches orchestrating the regulation of plant developmental processes in response to a variety of stresses. The current review aims to offer a deeper understanding of TFs engaged in regulating plant's response under drought stress and to devise potential strategies to improve plant tolerance against drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Joshi
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Shabir H. Wani
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirSrinagar, India
| | - Balwant Singh
- National Research Centre on Plant BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Bohra
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Institute of Pulses ResearchKanpur, India
| | - Zahoor A. Dar
- Dryland Agricultural Research Station, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirBudgam, India
| | - Ajaz A. Lone
- Dryland Agricultural Research Station, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirBudgam, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi, India
| | - Sneh L. Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Sneh L. Singla-Pareek,
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Chen Y, Li L, Zong J, Chen J, Guo H, Guo A, Liu J. Heterologous expression of the halophyte Zoysia matrella H⁺-pyrophosphatase gene improved salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 91:49-55. [PMID: 25874657 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A number of vacuolar H(+)-pyrophosphatase (VP) family genes play important roles in plant growth under salt stress condition. Despite their biological importance in plant salt-stress regulation, there is no report about VP in the halophytic turfgrass Zoysia matrella. Here, we isolated ZmVP1, a type I VP homologues gene encoding 768 amino acids by using the degenerated PCR and RACE PCR methods from Zoysia matrella. The expression level of ZmVP1 was significantly induced by salinity, drought and cold, but not by heat. ZmVP1 can restore the salt-tolerant ability of a salt-sensitive yeast strain. Overexpression of ZmVP1 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in more vigorous growth under salt stress. Moreover, the transgenic Arabidopsis accumulated more Na(+) and K(+) in the leaves compared to that of wild type plants under salt stress, had higher activities of V-ATPase and V-PPase, and showed higher relative gene expression levels of 5 stress-related genes (AtNHX1, AtLEA, AtP5CS, AtMn-SOD, AtAPX1). These results demonstrated that ZmVP1 from Z. matrella was a functional tonoplast H(+)-pyrophosphatase contributing to salt tolerance potentially through regulating the Na(+) compartment in vacuole, K(+) assimilation, osmotic regulation and antioxidant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Junqin Zong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jingbo Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hailin Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Aigui Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jianxiu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Thouvenot L, Deleu C, Berardocco S, Haury J, Thiébaut G. Characterization of the salt stress vulnerability of three invasive freshwater plant species using a metabolic profiling approach. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 175:113-121. [PMID: 25544588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of salt stress on freshwater plants has been little studied up to now, despite the fact that they are expected to present different levels of salt sensitivity or salt resistance depending on the species. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of NaCl at two concentrations on three invasive freshwater species, Elodea canadensis, Myriophyllum aquaticum and Ludwigia grandiflora, by examining morphological and physiological parameters and using metabolic profiling. The growth rate (biomass and stem length) was reduced for all species, whatever the salt treatment, but the response to salt differed between the three species, depending on the NaCl concentration. For E. canadensis, the physiological traits and metabolic profiles were only slightly modified in response to salt, whereas M. aquaticum and L. grandiflora showed great changes. In both of these species, root number, photosynthetic pigment content, amino acids and carbohydrate metabolism were affected by the salt treatments. Moreover, we are the first to report the salt-induced accumulation of compatible solutes in both species. Indeed, in response to NaCl, L. grandiflora mainly accumulated sucrose. The response of M. aquaticum was more complex, because it accumulated not only sucrose and myo-inositol whatever the level of salt stress, but also amino acids such as proline and GABA, but only at high NaCl concentrations. These responses are the metabolic responses typically found in terrestrial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Thouvenot
- University of Rennes 1, UMR 6553 CNRS-Université Rennes 1, Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution (ECOBIO), avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes, France; Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR Agrocampus Ouest/INRA-Ecologie et sante des écosystèmes (ESE), rue de St Brieuc, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Carole Deleu
- University of Rennes 1, UMR 1349 INRA-Agrocampus Ouest-Université Rennes 1, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Solenne Berardocco
- University of Rennes 1, UMR 1349 INRA-Agrocampus Ouest-Université Rennes 1, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Jacques Haury
- Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR Agrocampus Ouest/INRA-Ecologie et sante des écosystèmes (ESE), rue de St Brieuc, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Gabrielle Thiébaut
- University of Rennes 1, UMR 6553 CNRS-Université Rennes 1, Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution (ECOBIO), avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes, France.
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Hashmi U, Shafqat S, Khan F, Majid M, Hussain H, Kazi AG, John R, Ahmad P. Plant exomics: concepts, applications and methodologies in crop improvement. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e976152. [PMID: 25482786 PMCID: PMC4622497 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.976152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Molecular breeding has a crucial role in improvement of crops. Conventional breeding techniques have failed to ameliorate food production. Next generation sequencing has established new concepts of molecular breeding. Exome sequencing has proven to be a significant tool for assessing natural evolution in plants, studying host pathogen interactions and betterment of crop production as exons assist in interpretation of allelic variation with respect to their phenotype. This review covers the platforms for exome sequencing, next generation sequencing technologies that have revolutionized exome sequencing and led toward development of third generation sequencing. Also discussed in this review are the uses of these sequencing technologies to improve wheat, rice and cotton yield and how these technologies are used in exploring the biodiversity of crops, providing better understanding of plant-host pathogen interaction and assessing the process of natural evolution in crops and it also covers how exome sequencing identifies the gene pool involved in symbiotic and other co-existential systems. Furthermore, we conclude how integration of other methodologies including whole genome sequencing, proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics with plant exomics covers the areas which are left untouched with exomics alone and in the end how these integration will transform the future of crops.
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Key Words
- BAC, bacterial artificial chromosome
- BGR, bacterial grain rot
- CBOL, consortium for 860 the barcode of life
- ETI, effector-triggered immunity
- HPRT, hypoxanthineguanine phosphoribosyl transferase
- MMs, molecular markers
- NGS, next generation sequencing
- NITSR, nuclear internal transcribed spacer region
- OPC, open promoter complex
- QTL, quantitative trait locus
- SMRT, single molecule real time
- SNPs, single nucleotide poly-morphisms
- SOLiD, sequencing by oligonucleotide ligation and detection
- WES, whole exome sequencing
- WGS, whole genome sequencing
- WGS, whole genome shotgun
- biodiversity
- crop improvement
- dNMPs, deoxyribosenucleoside monophosphates
- exome sequencing
- plant biotechnology
- plant-host pathogen interactions
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzair Hashmi
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences; National University of Sciences and Technology; Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Samia Shafqat
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences; National University of Sciences and Technology; Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faria Khan
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences; National University of Sciences and Technology; Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Majid
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences; National University of Sciences and Technology; Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Harris Hussain
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences; National University of Sciences and Technology; Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Alvina Gul Kazi
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences; National University of Sciences and Technology; Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Riffat John
- Department of Botany; University of Kashmir; Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany; S.P. College Srinagar; Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Correspondence to: Parvaiz Ahmad;
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Bostock RM, Pye MF, Roubtsova TV. Predisposition in plant disease: exploiting the nexus in abiotic and biotic stress perception and response. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2014; 52:517-49. [PMID: 25001451 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-081211-172902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Predisposition results from abiotic stresses occurring prior to infection that affect susceptibility of plants to disease. The environment is seldom optimal for plant growth, and even mild, episodic stresses can predispose plants to inoculum levels they would otherwise resist. Plant responses that are adaptive in the short term may conflict with those for resisting pathogens. Abiotic and biotic stress responses are coordinated by complex signaling networks involving phytohormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Abscisic acid (ABA) is a global regulator in stress response networks and an important phytohormone in plant-microbe interactions with systemic effects on resistance and susceptibility. However, extensive cross talk occurs among all the phytohormones during stress events, and the challenge is discerning those interactions that most influence disease. Identifying convergent points in the stress response circuitry is critically important in terms of understanding the fundamental biology that underscores the disease phenotype as well as translating research to improve stress tolerance and disease management in production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Bostock
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616; , ,
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Colaneri AC, Tunc-Ozdemir M, Huang JP, Jones AM. Growth attenuation under saline stress is mediated by the heterotrimeric G protein complex. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:129. [PMID: 24884438 PMCID: PMC4061919 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant growth is plastic, able to rapidly adjust to fluctuation in environmental conditions such as drought and salinity. Due to long-term irrigation use in agricultural systems, soil salinity is increasing; consequently crop yield is adversely affected. It is known that salt tolerance is a quantitative trait supported by genes affecting ion homeostasis, ion transport, ion compartmentalization and ion selectivity. Less is known about pathways connecting NaCl and cell proliferation and cell death. Plant growth and cell proliferation is, in part, controlled by the concerted activity of the heterotrimeric G-protein complex with glucose. Prompted by the abundance of stress-related, functional annotations of genes encoding proteins that interact with core components of the Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G protein complex (AtRGS1, AtGPA1, AGB1, and AGG), we tested the hypothesis that G proteins modulate plant growth under salt stress. RESULTS Na+ activates G signaling as quantitated by internalization of Arabidopsis Regulator of G Signaling protein 1 (AtRGS1). Despite being components of a singular signaling complex loss of the Gβ subunit (agb1-2 mutant) conferred accelerated senescence and aborted development in the presence of Na+, whereas loss of AtRGS1 (rgs1-2 mutant) conferred Na+ tolerance evident as less attenuated shoot growth and senescence. Site-directed changes in the Gα and Gβγ protein-protein interface were made to disrupt the interaction between the Gα and Gβγ subunits in order to elevate free activated Gα subunit and free Gβγ dimer at the plasma membrane. These mutations conferred sodium tolerance. Glucose in the growth media improved the survival under salt stress in Col but not in agb1-2 or rgs1-2 mutants. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a direct role for G-protein signaling in the plant growth response to salt stress. The contrasting phenotypes of agb1-2 and rgs1-2 mutants suggest that G-proteins balance growth and death under salt stress. The phenotypes of the loss-of-function mutations prompted the model that during salt stress, G activation promotes growth and attenuates senescence probably by releasing ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro C Colaneri
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC, 27599, USA
| | - Meral Tunc-Ozdemir
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jian Ping Huang
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alan M Jones
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Hyung D, Lee C, Kim JH, Yoo D, Seo YS, Jeong SC, Lee JH, Chung Y, Jung KH, Cook DR, Choi HK. Cross-family translational genomics of abiotic stress-responsive genes between Arabidopsis and Medicago truncatula. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91721. [PMID: 24675968 PMCID: PMC3968010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-species translation of genomic information may play a pivotal role in applying biological knowledge gained from relatively simple model system to other less studied, but related, genomes. The information of abiotic stress (ABS)-responsive genes in Arabidopsis was identified and translated into the legume model system, Medicago truncatula. Various data resources, such as TAIR/AtGI DB, expression profiles and literatures, were used to build a genome-wide list of ABS genes. tBlastX/BlastP similarity search tools and manual inspection of alignments were used to identify orthologous genes between the two genomes. A total of 1,377 genes were finally collected and classified into 18 functional criteria of gene ontology (GO). The data analysis according to the expression cues showed that there was substantial level of interaction among three major types (i.e., drought, salinity and cold stress) of abiotic stresses. In an attempt to translate the ABS genes between these two species, genomic locations for each gene were mapped using an in-house-developed comparative analysis platform. The comparative analysis revealed that fragmental colinearity, represented by only 37 synteny blocks, existed between Arabidopsis and M. truncatula. Based on the combination of E-value and alignment remarks, estimated translation rate was 60.2% for this cross-family translation. As a prelude of the functional comparative genomic approaches, in-silico gene network/interactome analyses were conducted to predict key components in the ABS responses, and one of the sub-networks was integrated with corresponding comparative map. The results demonstrated that core members of the sub-network were well aligned with previously reported ABS regulatory networks. Taken together, the results indicate that network-based integrative approaches of comparative and functional genomics are important to interpret and translate genomic information for complex traits such as abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daejin Hyung
- Department of Computer Science, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeyoung Lee
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyun Kim
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoon Yoo
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Busan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Chun Jeong
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai-Heon Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoo Chung
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyunghee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Douglas R. Cook
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Hong-kyu Choi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Hochberg U, Degu A, Toubiana D, Gendler T, Nikoloski Z, Rachmilevitch S, Fait A. Metabolite profiling and network analysis reveal coordinated changes in grapevine water stress response. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:184. [PMID: 24256338 PMCID: PMC4225576 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grapevine metabolism in response to water deficit was studied in two cultivars, Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon, which were shown to have different hydraulic behaviors (Hochberg et al. Physiol. Plant. 147:443-453, 2012). RESULTS Progressive water deficit was found to effect changes in leaf water potentials accompanied by metabolic changes. In both cultivars, but more intensively in Shiraz than Cabernet Sauvignon, water deficit caused a shift to higher osmolality and lower C/N ratios, the latter of which was also reflected in marked increases in amino acids, e.g., Pro, Val, Leu, Thr and Trp, reductions of most organic acids, and changes in the phenylpropanoid pathway. PCA analysis showed that changes in primary metabolism were mostly associated with water stress, while diversification of specialized metabolism was mostly linked to the cultivars. In the phloem sap, drought was characterized by higher ABA concentration and major changes in benzoate levels coinciding with lower stomatal conductance and suberinization of vascular bundles. Enhanced suberin biosynthesis in Shiraz was reflected by the higher abundance of sap hydroxybenzoate derivatives. Correlation-based network analysis revealed that compared to Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz had considerably larger and highly coordinated stress-related changes, reflected in its increased metabolic network connectivity under stress. Network analysis also highlighted the structural role of major stress related metabolites, e.g., Pro, quercetin and ascorbate, which drastically altered their connectedness in the Shiraz network under water deficit. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results showed that Vitis vinifera cultivars possess a common metabolic response to water deficit. Central metabolism, and specifically N metabolism, plays a significant role in stress response in vine. At the cultivar level, Cabernet Sauvignon was characterized by milder metabolic perturbations, likely due to a tighter regulation of stomata upon stress induction. Network analysis was successfully implemented to characterize plant stress molecular response and to identify metabolites with a significant structural and biological role in vine stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Hochberg
- Albert Katz International School, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990 Sede Boqer, Israel
- the French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands (FAAB), the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990 Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Asfaw Degu
- Albert Katz International School, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990 Sede Boqer, Israel
- the French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands (FAAB), the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990 Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - David Toubiana
- the French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands (FAAB), the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990 Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Tanya Gendler
- the French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands (FAAB), the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990 Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Golm, Germany
| | - Shimon Rachmilevitch
- the French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands (FAAB), the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990 Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Aaron Fait
- the French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands (FAAB), the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990 Sede Boqer, Israel
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Sanchez DH. Physiological and biotechnological implications of transcript-level variation under abiotic stress. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2013; 15:925-930. [PMID: 24033916 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of genes that can be used to increase plant tolerance to environmental stress has practical implications for agriculture, since knowledge at the molecular level can potentially be translated from model plants to crops or from tolerant to sensitive cultivars. For more than a decade, researchers have attempted to identify transcriptional and metabolic pathways involved in stress tolerance using functional genomics tools. In some cases, promising results were obtained when a clear causal link was found between transcripts and tolerance/sensitivity to stress. However, recent reports question the global translational power of functional genomics for biotechnological applications, as one of the main limitations seems to be the large variability in gene expression. Transcript-level variability under stress has not been considered of interest in the scientific literature because it is intuitively obvious, but most reports seem to naively overlook the consequences. Here, three case situations are reviewed (variability between genotypes, variability due to environmental interactions and variability between stressors) in support of the concept that inherent transcript-level variation in biological systems may limit our knowledge of environmental plant tolerance and of functional genomics in molecular stress physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Sanchez
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics-Sciences III, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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