1
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Suriano CM, Kumar N, Verpeut JL, Ma J, Jung C, Dunn CE, Carvajal BV, Nguyen AV, Boulanger LM. An innate immune response to adeno-associated virus genomes decreases cortical dendritic complexity and disrupts synaptic transmission. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1721-1738. [PMID: 38566414 PMCID: PMC11184335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) allow rapid and efficient gene delivery to the nervous system, are widely used in neuroscience research, and are the basis of FDA-approved neuron-targeting gene therapies. Here we find that an innate immune response to the AAV genome reduces dendritic length and complexity and disrupts synaptic transmission in mouse somatosensory cortex. Dendritic loss is apparent 3 weeks after injection of experimentally relevant viral titers, is not restricted to a particular capsid serotype, transgene, promoter, or production facility, and cannot be explained by responses to surgery or transgene expression. AAV-associated dendritic loss is accompanied by a decrease in the frequency and amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents and an increase in the proportion of GluA2-lacking, calcium-permeable AMPA receptors. The AAV genome is rich in unmethylated CpG DNA, which is recognized by the innate immunoreceptor Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), and acutely blocking TLR9 preserves dendritic complexity and AMPA receptor subunit composition in AAV-injected mice. These results reveal unexpected impacts of an immune response to the AAV genome on neuronal structure and function and identify approaches to improve the safety and efficacy of AAV-mediated gene delivery in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos M Suriano
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Biology, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Avenue, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; Sokol Institute for Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Avenue, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA.
| | - Neerav Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Jessica L Verpeut
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Jie Ma
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Caroline Jung
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Connor E Dunn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Brigett V Carvajal
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Ai Vy Nguyen
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Lisa M Boulanger
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
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2
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Cardoso EM, Lourenço-Gomes V, Esgalhado AJ, Reste-Ferreira D, Oliveira N, Amaral AS, Martinho A, Gama JMR, Verde I, Lourenço O, Fonseca AM, Buchli R, Arosa FA. HLA-A23/HLA-A24 serotypes and dementia interaction in the elderly: Association with increased soluble HLA class I molecules in plasma. HLA 2023; 102:660-670. [PMID: 37400938 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
MHC class I molecules regulate brain development and plasticity in mice and HLA class I molecules are associated with brain disorders in humans. We investigated the relationship between plasma-derived soluble human HLA class I molecules (sHLA class I), HLA class I serotypes and dementia. A cohort of HLA class I serotyped elderly subjects with no dementia/pre-dementia (NpD, n = 28), or with dementia (D, n = 28) was studied. Multivariate analysis was used to examine the influence of dementia and HLA class I serotype on sHLA class I levels, and to compare sHLA class I within four groups according to the presence or absence of HLA-A23/A24 and dementia. HLA-A23/A24 and dementia, but not age, significantly influenced the level of sHLA class I. Importantly, the concurrent presence of HLA-A23/A24 and dementia was associated with higher levels of sHLA class I (p < 0.001). This study has shown that the simultaneous presence of HLA-A23/HLA-A24 and dementia is associated with high levels of serum sHLA class I molecules. Thus, sHLA class I could be considered a biomarker of neurodegeneration in certain HLA class I carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa M Cardoso
- ESS-IPG, School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- FCS-UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | - André J Esgalhado
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Débora Reste-Ferreira
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Nádia Oliveira
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Saraiva Amaral
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - António Martinho
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Coimbra Blood and Transplantation Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge M R Gama
- Centre of Mathematics and Applications, Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ignácio Verde
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Centre of Mathematics and Applications, Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Olga Lourenço
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- FCS-UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana M Fonseca
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- FCS-UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Rico Buchli
- Pure Protein LLC, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Fernando A Arosa
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- FCS-UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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3
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Arosa FA, Esgalhado AJ, Reste-Ferreira D, Cardoso EM. Open MHC Class I Conformers: A Look through the Looking Glass. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189738. [PMID: 34575902 PMCID: PMC8470049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies carried out during the last few decades have consistently shown that cell surface MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules are endowed with functions unrelated with antigen presentation. These include cis–trans-interactions with inhibitory and activating KIR and LILR, and cis-interactions with receptors for hormones, growth factors, cytokines, and neurotransmitters. The mounting body of evidence indicates that these non-immunological MHC-I functions impact clinical and biomedical settings, including autoimmune responses, tumor escape, transplantation, and neuronal development. Notably, most of these functions appear to rely on the presence in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells of heavy chains not associated with β2m and the peptide at the plasma membrane; these are known as open MHC-I conformers. Nowadays, open conformers are viewed as functional cis-trans structures capable of establishing physical associations with themselves, with other surface receptors, and being shed into the extracellular milieu. We review past and recent developments, strengthening the view that open conformers are multifunctional structures capable of fine-tuning cell signaling, growth, differentiation, and cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A Arosa
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - André J Esgalhado
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Débora Reste-Ferreira
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elsa M Cardoso
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Health School, Guarda Polytechnic Institute, 6300-749 Guarda, Portugal
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4
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Esgalhado AJ, Reste-Ferreira D, Albino SE, Sousa A, Amaral AP, Martinho A, Oliveira IT, Verde I, Lourenço O, Fonseca AM, Cardoso EM, Arosa FA. CD45RA, CD8β, and IFNγ Are Potential Immune Biomarkers of Human Cognitive Function. Front Immunol 2020; 11:592656. [PMID: 33324408 PMCID: PMC7723833 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.592656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that in humans the adaptive immunological system can influence cognitive functions of the brain. We have undertaken a comprehensive immunological analysis of lymphocyte and monocyte populations as well as of HLA molecules expression in a cohort of elderly volunteers (age range, 64–101) differing in their cognitive status. Hereby, we report on the identification of a novel signature in cognitively impaired elderly characterized by: (1) elevated percentages of CD8+ T effector-memory cells expressing high levels of the CD45RA phosphate receptor (Temrahi); (2) high percentages of CD8+ T cells expressing high levels of the CD8β chain (CD8βhi); (3) augmented production of IFNγ by in vitro activated CD4+ T cells. Noteworthy, CD3+CD8+ Temrahi and CD3+CD8βhi cells were associated with impaired cognition. Cytomegalovirus seroprevalence showed that all volunteers studied but one were CMV positive. Finally, we show that some of these phenotypic and functional features are associated with an increased frequency of the HLA-B8 serotype, which belongs to the ancestral haplotype HLA-A1, Cw7, B8, DR3, DQ2, among cognitively impaired volunteers. To our knowledge, this is the first proof in humans linking the amount of cell surface CD45RA and CD8β chain expressed by CD8+ Temra cells, and the amount of IFNγ produced by in vitro activated CD4+ T cells, with impaired cognitive function in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- André J Esgalhado
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Débora Reste-Ferreira
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Stephanie E Albino
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Adriana Sousa
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Amaral
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - António Martinho
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Coimbra Blood and Transplantation Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel T Oliveira
- C4-UBI, Cloud Computing Competence Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Verde
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Olga Lourenço
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana M Fonseca
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elsa M Cardoso
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,IPG, Guarda Polytechnic Institute, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Fernando A Arosa
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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5
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Hu Y, Pei W, Hu Y, Li P, Sun C, Du J, Zhang Y, Miao F, Zhang A, Shen Y, Zhang J. MiR34a Regulates Neuronal MHC Class I Molecules and Promotes Primary Hippocampal Neuron Dendritic Growth and Branching. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:573208. [PMID: 33192317 PMCID: PMC7655649 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.573208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the immune system, Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC-I) molecules are located on the surface of most nucleated cells in vertebrates where they mediate immune responses. Accumulating evidence indicates that MHC-I molecules are also expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) where they play important roles that are significantly different from their immune functions. Classical MHC-I molecules are temporally and spatially expressed in the developing and adult CNS, where they participate in the synaptic formation, remodeling and plasticity. Therefore, clarifying the regulation of MHC-I expression is necessary to develop an accurate understanding of its function in the CNS. Here, we show that microRNA 34a (miR34a), a brain enriched noncoding RNA, is temporally expressed in developing hippocampal neurons, and its expression is significantly increased after MHC-I protein abundance is decreased in the hippocampus. Computational algorithms identify putative miR34a target sites in the 3′UTR of MHC-I mRNA, and here we demonstrate direct targeting of miR34a to MHC-I mRNA using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system. MiR34a targeting can decrease constitutive MHC-I expression in both Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells and primary hippocampal neurons. Finally, miR34a mediated reduction of MHC-I results in increased dendritic growth and branching in cultured hippocampal neurons. Taken together, our findings identify miR34a as a novel regulator of MHC-I for shaping neural morphology in developing hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqin Pei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawei Du
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengqin Miao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aifeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqing Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianqiong Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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6
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Wang ZX, Wan Q, Xing A. HLA in Alzheimer's Disease: Genetic Association and Possible Pathogenic Roles. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 22:464-473. [PMID: 32894413 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is commonly considered as the most prominent dementing disorder globally and is characterized by the deposition of misfolded amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and the aggregation of neurofibrillary tangles. Immunological disturbances and neuroinflammation, which result from abnormal immunological reactivations, are believed to be the primary stimulating factors triggering AD-like neuropathy. It has been suggested by multiple previous studies that a bunch of AD key influencing factors might be attributed to genes encoding human leukocyte antigen (HLA), whose variety is an essential part of human adaptive immunity. A wide range of activities involved in immune responses may be determined by HLA genes, including inflammation mediated by the immune response, T-cell transendothelial migration, infection, brain development and plasticity in AD pathogenesis, and so on. The goal of this article is to review the recent epidemiological findings of HLA (mainly HLA class I and II) associated with AD and investigate to what extent the genetic variations of HLA were clinically significant as pathogenic factors for AD. Depending on the degree of contribution of HLA in AD pathogenesis, targeted research towards HLA may propel AD therapeutic strategies into a new era of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China.
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, No.308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Qi Wan
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, No.308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Ang Xing
- Department of Geriatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
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7
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You Y, Borgmann K, Edara VV, Stacy S, Ghorpade A, Ikezu T. Activated human astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles modulate neuronal uptake, differentiation and firing. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 9:1706801. [PMID: 32002171 PMCID: PMC6968484 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1706801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) provide supportive neural functions and mediate inflammatory responses from microglia. Increasing evidence supports their critical roles in regulating brain homoeostasis in response to pro-inflammatory factors such as cytokines and pathogen/damage-associated molecular pattern molecules in infectious and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of the trans-cellular communication are still unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can transfer a large diversity of molecules such as lipids, nucleic acids and proteins for cellular communications. The purpose of this study is to characterize the EVs cargo proteins derived from human primary astrocytes (ADEVs) under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. ADEVs were isolated from human primary astrocytes after vehicle (CTL) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) pre-treatment. Label-free quantitative proteomic profiling revealed a notable up-regulation of proteins including actin-associated molecules, integrins and major histocompatibility complex in IL-1β-ADEVs compared to CTL-ADEVs, which were involved in cellular metabolism and organization, cellular communication and inflammatory response. When fluorescently labelled ADEVs were added into primary cultured mouse cortical neurons, we found a significantly increased neuronal uptake of IL-1β-ADEVs compared to CTL-ADEVs. We further confirmed it is likely due to the enrichment of surface proteins in IL-1β-ADEVs, as IL-1β-ADEVs uptake by neurons was partially suppressed by a specific integrin inhibitor. Additionally, treatment of neurons with IL-1β-ADEVs also reduced neurite outgrowth, branching and neuronal firing. These findings provide insight for the molecular mechanism of the ADEVs' effects on neural uptake, neural differentiation and maturation, and its alteration in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang You
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen Borgmann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Venkata Viswanadh Edara
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Satomi Stacy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Anuja Ghorpade
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Shen Y, Zhao H, Li P, Peng Y, Cui P, Miao F, Zhang Y, Zhang A, Zhang J. MHC Class I Molecules and PirB Shape Neuronal Morphology by Affecting the Dendritic Arborization of Cortical Neurons. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:312-322. [PMID: 30406910 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal MHC class I proteins have been previously reported to regulate synaptic plasticity. Several reports indicate MHC class I proteins are expressed early during development of the nervous system, suggesting they may also play a role in neuronal development. Using cultured cortical neurons, we show MHC class I proteins aggregate at specific sites in neuronal cell bodies, which overlap with the actin cytoskeleton. Knockout of MHC class I in cultured neurons increases total dendritic length and the number of branch points. These effects are abolished by reintroducing MHC class I expression. Similarly, blocking of MHC class I proteins or PirB by an MHCI antibody or a soluble PirB ectodomain respectively, mimics the knock out phenotype of increased dendritic branching. This effect is correlated with decreased phosphorylation of both LIMK and cofilin, suggesting it may be mediated by an induction of cofilin activity. Finally, layer II and III cortical neurons in the sensorimotor region of an MHC class I deficiency mouse model show increased dendritic growth and branching. Altogether, our results suggest MHC class I plays a role in inhibiting or limiting the degree of dendrite arborization during the development of cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaqin Peng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengqin Miao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aifeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianqiong Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Medical School, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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9
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Sobue A, Ito N, Nagai T, Shan W, Hada K, Nakajima A, Murakami Y, Mouri A, Yamamoto Y, Nabeshima T, Saito K, Yamada K. Astroglial major histocompatibility complex class I following immune activation leads to behavioral and neuropathological changes. Glia 2018; 66:1034-1052. [PMID: 29380419 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) molecules are mainly expressed in neurons, and neuronal MHCI have roles in synapse elimination and plasticity. However, the pathophysiological significance of astroglial MHCI remains unclear. We herein demonstrate that MHCI expression is up-regulated in astrocytes in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) following systemic immune activation by an intraperitoneal injection of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C) or hydrodynamic interferon (IFN)-γ gene delivery in male C57/BL6J mice. In cultured astrocytes, MHCI/H-2D largely co-localized with exosomes. To investigate the role of astroglial MHCI, H-2D, or sH-2D was expressed in the mPFC of male C57/BL6J mice using an adeno-associated virus vector under the control of a glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter. The expression of astroglial MHCI in the mPFC impaired sociability and recognition memory in mice. Regarding neuropathological changes, MHCI expression in astrocytes significantly activated microglial cells, decreased parvalbumin-positive cell numbers, and reduced dendritic spine density in the mPFC. A treatment with GW4869 that impairs exosome synthesis ameliorated these behavioral and neuropathological changes. These results suggest that the overexpression of MHCI in astrocytes affects microglial proliferation as well as neuronal numbers and spine densities, thereby leading to social and cognitive deficits in mice, possibly via exosomes created by astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sobue
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norimichi Ito
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wei Shan
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Murakami
- Doshisha University Graduate School of Brain Science, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mouri
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation and Development of Pharmaceuticals and Devices, Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yamamoto
- Department of Disease Control Prevention, Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences & Aino University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Department of Disease Control Prevention, Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Japan.,Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences & Aino University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Japan
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10
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He T, Mortensen X, Wang P, Tian N. The effects of immune protein CD3ζ development and degeneration of retinal neurons after optic nerve injury. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175522. [PMID: 28441398 PMCID: PMC5404868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and their receptors play fundamental roles in neuronal death during diseases. T-cell receptors (TCR) function as MHCI receptor on T-cells and both MHCI and a key component of TCR, CD3ζ, are expressed by mouse retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and displaced amacrine cells. Mutation of these molecules compromises the development of RGCs. We investigated whether CD3ζ regulates the development and degeneration of amacrine cells after RGC death. Surprisingly, mutation of CD3ζ not only impairs the proper development of amacrine cells expressing CD3ζ but also those not expressing CD3ζ. In contrast to effects of MHCI and its receptor, PirB, on other neurons, mutation of CD3ζ has no effect on RGC death and starburst amacrine cells degeneration after optic nerve crush. Thus, unlike MHCI and PirB, CD3ζ regulates the development of RGCs and amacrine cells but not their degeneration after optic nerve crush.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Eye Center Remin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science John Moran Eye Center University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Xavier Mortensen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science John Moran Eye Center University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science John Moran Eye Center University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Ning Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science John Moran Eye Center University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies and mouse models suggest that maternal immune activation, induced clinically through prenatal exposure to one of several infectious diseases, is a risk factor in the development of schizophrenia. This is supported by the strong genetic association established by genome wide association studies (GWAS) between the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus and schizophrenia. HLA proteins (also known in mice as the major histocompatibility complex; MHC) are mediators of the T-lymphocyte responses, and genetic variability is well-established as a risk factor for autoimmune diseases and susceptibility to infectious diseases. Taken together, the findings strongly suggest that schizophrenia risk in a subgroup of patients is caused by an infectious disease, and/or an autoimmune phenomenon. However, this view may be overly simplistic. First, MHC proteins have a non-immune effect on synaptogenesis by modulating synaptic pruning by microglia and other mechanisms, suggesting that genetic variability could be compromising this physiological process. Second, some GWAS signals in the HLA locus map near non-HLA genes, such as the histone gene cluster. On the other hand, recent GWAS data show association signals near B-lymphocyte enhancers, which lend support for an infectious disease etiology. Thus, although the genetic findings implicating the HLA locus are very robust, how genetic variability in this region leads to schizophrenia remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Mokhtari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Herbert M Lachman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, USA
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12
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Mangold CA, Masser DR, Stanford DR, Bixler GV, Pisupati A, Giles CB, Wren JD, Ford MM, Sonntag WE, Freeman WM. CNS-wide Sexually Dimorphic Induction of the Major Histocompatibility Complex 1 Pathway With Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 72:16-29. [PMID: 26786204 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex I (MHCI) pathway, which canonically functions in innate immune viral antigen presentation and detection, is functionally pleiotropic in the central nervous system (CNS). Alternative roles include developmental synapse pruning, regulation of synaptic plasticity, and inhibition of neuronal insulin signaling; all processes altered during brain aging. Upregulation of MHCI components with aging has been reported; however, no systematic examination of MHCI cellular localization, expression, and regulation across CNS regions, life span, and sexes has been reported. In the mouse, MHCI is expressed by neurons and microglia, and MHCI components and receptors (H2-K1, H2-D1, β2M, Lilrb3, Klra2, CD247) display markedly different expression profiles across the hippocampus, cortex, cerebellum, brainstem, and retina. MHCI components, receptors, associated inflammatory transcripts (IL1α, IL1β, IL6, TNFα), and TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) components are induced with aging and to a greater degree in female than male mice across CNS regions. H2-K1 and H2-D1 expression is associated with differential CG and non-CG promoter methylation across CNS regions, ages, and between sexes, and concomitant increased expression of proinflammatory genes. Meta-analysis of human brain aging data also demonstrates age-related increases in MHCI. Induction of MHCI signaling could contribute to altered synapse regulation and impaired synaptic plasticity with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen A Mangold
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey
| | - Dustin R Masser
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey.,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center.,Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - David R Stanford
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center.,Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Georgina V Bixler
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey
| | - Aditya Pisupati
- MD/PhD Program, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey
| | - Cory B Giles
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
| | - Jonathan D Wren
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
| | - Matthew M Ford
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton
| | - William E Sonntag
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Willard M Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey. .,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center.,Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
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13
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Zhang A, Yu H, He Y, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Fu B, Lv D, Miao F, Zhang J. Developmental expression and localization of MHC class I molecules in the human central nervous system. Exp Brain Res 2015; 233:2733-43. [PMID: 26169100 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent animal studies have found neuronal expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the developmental expression profiles of MHC class I in human CNS remain unclear. Here, we systemically evaluate the expression and subcellular localization of MHC class I molecules during human CNS development using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Between the age of 20-33 gestational weeks (GW), MHC class I expression was relatively absent in the cerebral cortex with the exception of a few neurons; however, expression increased rapidly in the cochlear nuclei and in the cerebellar cortical Purkinje cells while increasing slowly in the substantia nigra. Expression was also detected in some nuclei and nerve fibers of the brain stem including the ambiguus nucleus, the locus coeruleus and the solitary tract as early as 20 GW and persisted through 33 GW. These early-stage neural cells with MHC class I protein expression later developed neuronal morphology. 30-33 GW is an important period of MHC class I expression in neurons, and during this period, MHC class I molecules were found to be enriched not only in neuronal cell bodies and neurites but also in nerve fibers and in the surrounding stroma. No expression was detected in the adult brain with exception of the cerebrovascular endothelium. MHC class I molecules displayed greater postsynaptic colocalization in cerebellar Purkinje cells, in the lateral geniculate nucleus and in the cochlear nuclei. These results demonstrate diverse spatiotemporal expression patterns for MHC class I molecules in the prenatal human CNS and strongly support the notion that MHC class I molecules play important roles in both CNS development and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
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14
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Cebrián C, Loike JD, Sulzer D. Neuronal MHC-I expression and its implications in synaptic function, axonal regeneration and Parkinson's and other brain diseases. Front Neuroanat 2014; 8:114. [PMID: 25352786 PMCID: PMC4195363 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal expression of major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) has been implicated in developmental synaptic plasticity and axonal regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS), but recent findings demonstrate that constitutive neuronal MHC-I can also be involved in neurodegenerative diseases by playing a neuroinflammtory role. Recent reports demonstrate its expression in vitro and in human postmortem samples and support a role in neurodegeneration involving proinflammatory cytokines, activated microglia and increased cytosolic oxidative stress. Major histocompatibility complex I may be important for both normal development and pathogenesis of some CNS diseases including Parkinson's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cebrián
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical CenterNew York, NY, USA
| | - John D. Loike
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical CenterNew York, NY, USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical CenterNew York, NY, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical CenterNew York, NY, USA
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15
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McAllister AK. Major histocompatibility complex I in brain development and schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75:262-8. [PMID: 24199663 PMCID: PMC4354937 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Although the etiology of schizophrenia (SZ) remains unknown, it is increasingly clear that immune dysregulation plays a central role. Genome-wide association studies reproducibly indicate an association of SZ with immune genes within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Moreover, environmental factors that increase risk for SZ, such as maternal infection, alter peripheral immune responses as well as the expression of immune molecules in the brain. MHC class I (MHCI) molecules might mediate both genetic and environmental contributions to SZ through direct effects on brain development in addition to mediating immunity. MHCI molecules are expressed on neurons in the central nervous system throughout development and into adulthood, where they regulate many aspects of brain development, including neurite outgrowth, synapse formation and function, long-term and homeostatic plasticity, and activity-dependent synaptic refinement. This review summarizes our current understanding of MHCI expression and function in the developing brain as well as its involvement in maternal immune activation, from the perspective of how these roles for MHCI molecules might contribute to the pathogenesis of SZ.
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16
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MHCI requires MEF2 transcription factors to negatively regulate synapse density during development and in disease. J Neurosci 2013; 33:13791-804. [PMID: 23966700 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2366-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) molecules negatively regulate cortical connections and are implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. However, the mechanisms that mediate these effects are unknown. Here, we report a novel MHCI signaling pathway that requires the myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factors. In young rat cortical neurons, MHCI regulates MEF2 in an activity-dependent manner and requires calcineurin-mediated activation of MEF2 to limit synapse density. Manipulating MEF2 alone alters synaptic strength and GluA1 content, but not synapse density, implicating activity-dependent MEF2 activation as critical for MHCI signaling. The MHCI-MEF2 pathway identified here also mediates the effects of a mouse model of maternal immune activation (MIA) on connectivity in offspring. MHCI and MEF2 levels are higher, and synapse density is lower, on neurons from MIA offspring. Most important, dysregulation of MHCI and MEF2 is required for the MIA-induced reduction in neural connectivity. These results identify a previously unknown MHCI-calcineurin-MEF2 signaling pathway that regulates the establishment of cortical connections and mediates synaptic defects caused by MIA, a risk factor for autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia.
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17
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Nelson PA, Sage JR, Wood SC, Davenport CM, Anagnostaras SG, Boulanger LM. MHC class I immune proteins are critical for hippocampus-dependent memory and gate NMDAR-dependent hippocampal long-term depression. Learn Mem 2013; 20:505-17. [PMID: 23959708 PMCID: PMC3744042 DOI: 10.1101/lm.031351.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Memory impairment is a common feature of conditions that involve changes in inflammatory signaling in the brain, including traumatic brain injury, infection, neurodegenerative disorders, and normal aging. However, the causal importance of inflammatory mediators in cognitive impairments in these conditions remains unclear. Here we show that specific immune proteins, members of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I), are essential for normal hippocampus-dependent memory, and are specifically required for NMDAR-dependent forms of long-term depression (LTD) in the healthy adult hippocampus. In β2m−/−TAP−/−mice, which lack stable cell-surface expression of most MHC class I proteins, NMDAR-dependent LTD in area CA1 of adult hippocampus is abolished, while NMDAR-independent forms of potentiation, facilitation, and depression are unaffected. Altered NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of β2m−/−TAP−/−mice is accompanied by pervasive deficits in hippocampus-dependent memory, including contextual fear memory, object recognition memory, and social recognition memory. Thus normal MHC class I expression is essential for NMDAR-dependent hippocampal synaptic depression and hippocampus-dependent memory. These results suggest that changes in MHC class I expression could be an unexpected cause of disrupted synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficits in the aging, damaged, and diseased brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Austin Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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18
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Chacon MA, Boulanger LM. MHC class I protein is expressed by neurons and neural progenitors in mid-gestation mouse brain. Mol Cell Neurosci 2012; 52:117-27. [PMID: 23147111 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) are known for their role in the vertebrate adaptive immune response, and are required for normal postnatal brain development and plasticity. However, it remains unknown if MHCI proteins are present in the mammalian brain before birth. Here, we show that MHCI proteins are widely expressed in the developing mouse central nervous system at mid-gestation (E9.5-10.5). MHCI is strongly expressed in several regions of the prenatal brain, including the neuroepithelium and olfactory placode. MHCI is expressed by neural progenitors at these ages, as identified by co-expression in cells positive for neuron-specific class III β-tubulin (Tuj1) or for Pax6, a marker of neural progenitors in the dorsal neuroepithelium. MHCI is also co-expressed with nestin, a marker of neural stem/progenitor cells, in olfactory placode, but the co-localization is less extensive in other regions. MHCI is detected in the small population of post-mitotic neurons that are present at this early stage of brain development, as identified by co-expression in cells positive for neuronal microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2). Thus MHCI protein is expressed during the earliest stages of neuronal differentiation in the mammalian brain. MHCI expression in neurons and neural progenitors at mid-gestation, prior to the maturation of the adaptive immune system, is consistent with MHCI performing non-immune functions in prenatal brain development. These results raise the possibility that disruption of the levels and/or patterns of MHCI expression in the prenatal brain could contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo A Chacon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, 123 Lewis Thomas Laboratories, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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19
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Elmer BM, McAllister AK. Major histocompatibility complex class I proteins in brain development and plasticity. Trends Neurosci 2012; 35:660-70. [PMID: 22939644 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Proper development of the central nervous system (CNS) requires the establishment of appropriate connections between neurons. Recent work suggests that this process is controlled by a balance between synaptogenic molecules and proteins that negatively regulate synapse formation and plasticity. Surprisingly, many of these newly identified synapse-limiting molecules are classic 'immune' proteins. In particular, major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) molecules regulate neurite outgrowth, the establishment and function of cortical connections, activity-dependent refinement in the visual system, and long-term and homeostatic plasticity. This review summarizes our current understanding of MHCI expression and function in the CNS, as well as the potential mechanisms used by MHCI to regulate brain development and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford M Elmer
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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20
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VanGuilder Starkey HD, Van Kirk CA, Bixler GV, Imperio CG, Kale VP, Serfass JM, Farley JA, Yan H, Warrington JP, Han S, Mitschelen M, Sonntag WE, Freeman WM. Neuroglial expression of the MHCI pathway and PirB receptor is upregulated in the hippocampus with advanced aging. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 48:111-26. [PMID: 22562814 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus undergoes changes with aging that impact neuronal function, such as synapse loss and altered neurotransmitter release. Nearly half of the aged population also develops deficits in spatial learning and memory. To identify age-related hippocampal changes that may contribute to cognitive decline, transcriptomic analysis of synaptosome preparations from adult (12 months) and aged (28 months) Fischer 344-Brown Norway rats assessed for spatial learning and memory was performed. Bioinformatic analysis identified the MHCI pathway as significantly upregulated with aging. Age-related increases in mRNAs encoding the MHCI genes RT1-A1, RT1-A2, and RT1-A3 were confirmed by qPCR in synaptosomes and in CA1 and CA3 dissections. Elevated levels of the MHCI cofactor (B2m), antigen-loading components (Tap1, Tap2, Tapbp), and two known MHCI receptors (PirB, Klra2) were also confirmed. Protein expression of MHCI was elevated with aging in synaptosomes, CA1, and DG, while PirB protein expression was induced in both CA1 and DG. MHCI expression was localized to microglia and neuronal excitatory postsynaptic densities, and PirB was localized to neuronal somata, axons, and dendrites. Induction of the MHCI antigen processing and presentation pathway in hippocampal neurons and glia may contribute to age-related hippocampal dysfunction by increasing neuroimmune signaling or altering synaptic homeostasis.
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21
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Major histocompatibility complex class I molecules modulate embryonic neuritogenesis and neuronal polarization. J Neuroimmunol 2012; 247:1-8. [PMID: 22503373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We studied cultured hippocampal neurons from embryonic wildtype, major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) heavy chain-deficient (K(b)D(b)-/-) and NSE-D(b) (which have elevated neuronal MHCI expression) C57BL/6 mice. K(b)D(b)-/- neurons displayed slower neuritogenesis and establishment of polarity, while NSE-D(b) neurons had faster neurite outgrowth, more primary neurites, and tended to have accelerated polarization. Additional studies with ß2M-/- neurons, exogenous ß2M, and a self-MHCI monomer suggest that free heavy chain cis interactions with other surface molecules can promote neuritogenesis while tripartite MHCI interactions with classical MHCI receptors can inhibit axon outgrowth. Together with the results of others, MHCI appears to differentially modulate neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis.
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22
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Adelson JD, Barreto GE, Xu L, Kim T, Brott BK, Ouyang YB, Naserke T, Djurisic M, Xiong X, Shatz CJ, Giffard RG. Neuroprotection from stroke in the absence of MHCI or PirB. Neuron 2012; 73:1100-7. [PMID: 22445338 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Recovery from stroke engages mechanisms of neural plasticity. Here we examine a role for MHC class I (MHCI) H2-Kb and H2-Db, as well as PirB receptor. These molecules restrict synaptic plasticity and motor learning in the healthy brain. Stroke elevates neuronal expression not only of H2-Kb and H2-Db, but also of PirB and downstream signaling. KbDb knockout (KO) or PirB KO mice have smaller infarcts and enhanced motor recovery. KO hippocampal organotypic slices, which lack an intact peripheral immune response, have less cell death after in vitro ischemia. In PirB KO mice, corticospinal projections from the motor cortex are enhanced, and the reactive astrocytic response is dampened after MCAO. Thus, molecules that function in the immune system act not only to limit synaptic plasticity in healthy neurons, but also to exacerbate brain injury after ischemia. These results suggest therapies for stroke by targeting MHCI and PirB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie D Adelson
- Department of Biology and Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5437, USA
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