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Chibuogwu MO, Groves CL, Mueller B, Smith DL. Effect of Fungicide Application and Corn Hybrid Class on the Presence of Fusarium graminearum and the Concentration of Deoxynivalenol in Ear and Stalk Parts of Corn ( Zea mays) Used for Silage. PLANT DISEASE 2024:PDIS12232662RE. [PMID: 38393756 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-23-2662-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
In Wisconsin, the use of brown midrib (BMR) corn (Zea mays) hybrids for ensiling and subsequent feeding to dairy cows is quite common. The overall milk production from cows fed silage from BMR hybrids is typically higher than those fed silage made from dual-purpose hybrids. Gibberella diseases (ear and stalk rot) caused by Gibberella zeae (anamorph; Fusarium graminearum) and the accompanying accumulation of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) can be significant issues during the field production of BMR hybrids. The work presented here aimed to understand the role of hybrid class on the distribution of F. graminearum DNA and DON in the ear and stalk parts of corn for silage. An ear and stalk partitioned sample experiment was conducted on silage corn from field trials in Arlington, Wisconsin, in 2020 and 2021. The trials were arranged in a randomized complete block design in both years, including one BMR hybrid, one dual-purpose hybrid, and seven fungicide application regimes. Paired ear and stalk samples were physically separated, dried, and ground at harvest before determining the concentration of F. graminearum DNA and DON in each sample. Across both years, the main effects of hybrid, treatment, and plant part were not significant (P > 0.1) on DON concentration. However, the hybrid-by-plant part interaction effect was significant (P < 0.01). Ears of the BMR hybrid accumulated the most DON, whereas the dual-purpose hybrid ears had the lowest DON concentration. The concentrations of DON and F. graminearum DNA were significantly (P < 0.01) and highly correlated in the ear (r = 0.73) but not in the stalk (r = 0.09, P = 0.33). These findings suggest that DON accumulation in the corn ear is a major contributor in the difference observed in the total DON between the hybrid classes. Therefore, growers and researchers are encouraged to focus production and breeding on hybrids in both classes that accumulate less DON in ears, resulting in lower total DON in corn chopped for silage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol L Groves
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Brian Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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Lin J, Ruan S, Guo Q, Zhang Y, Fang M, Li T, Luo G, Tian Z, Zhang Y, Tandayu E, Chen C, Lu J, Ma C, Si H. Comprehensive genome-wide analysis of wheat xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) genes: unveiling their role in Fusarium head blight resistance and plant immune mechanisms. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:462. [PMID: 38802731 PMCID: PMC11129392 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In this comprehensive genome-wide study, we identified and classified 83 Xylanase Inhibitor Protein (XIP) genes in wheat, grouped into five distinct categories, to enhance understanding of wheat's resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), a significant fungal threat to global wheat production. Our analysis reveals the unique distribution of XIP genes across wheat chromosomes, particularly at terminal regions, suggesting their role in the evolutionary expansion of the gene family. Several XIP genes lack signal peptides, indicating potential alternative secretion pathways that could be pivotal in plant defense against FHB. The study also uncovers the sequence homology between XIPs and chitinases, hinting at a functional diversification within the XIP gene family. Additionally, the research explores the association of XIP genes with plant immune mechanisms, particularly their linkage with plant hormone signaling pathways like abscisic acid and jasmonic acid. XIP-7A3, in particular, demonstrates a significant increase in expression upon FHB infection, highlighting its potential as a key candidate gene for enhancing wheat's resistance to this disease. This research not only enriches our understanding of the XIP gene family in wheat but also provides a foundation for future investigations into their role in developing FHB-resistant wheat cultivars. The findings offer significant implications for wheat genomics and breeding, contributing to the development of more resilient crops against fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lin
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shuang Ruan
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Yonglin Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Mengyuan Fang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Gan Luo
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhuangbo Tian
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Erwin Tandayu
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Can Chen
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jie Lu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Chuanxi Ma
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hongqi Si
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Bigini V, Sillo F, Giulietti S, Pontiggia D, Giovannini L, Balestrini R, Savatin DV. Oligogalacturonide application increases resistance to Fusarium head blight in durum wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3070-3091. [PMID: 38334507 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Fusariosis causes substantial yield losses in the wheat crop worldwide and compromises food safety because of the presence of toxins associated with the fungal disease. Among the current approaches to crop protection, the use of elicitors able to activate natural defense mechanisms in plants is a strategy gaining increasing attention. Several studies indicate that applications of plant cell-wall-derived elicitors, such as oligogalacturonides (OGs) derived from partial degradation of pectin, induce local and systemic resistance against plant pathogens. The aim of this study was to establish the efficacy of OGs in protecting durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum), which is characterized by an extreme susceptibility to Fusarium graminearum. To evaluate the functionality of OGs, spikes and seedlings of cv. Svevo were inoculated with OGs, F. graminearum spores, and a co-treatment of both. Results demonstrated that OGs are active elicitors of wheat defenses, triggering typical immune marker genes and determining regulation of fungal genes. Moreover, bioassays on spikes and transcriptomic analyses on seedlings showed that OGs can regulate relevant physiological processes in Svevo with dose-dependent specificity. Thus, the OG sensing system plays an important role in fine tuning immune signaling pathways in durum wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bigini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Fabiano Sillo
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Sarah Giulietti
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Department of Biology and biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Ple Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pontiggia
- Department of Biology and biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Ple Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Research Center for Applied Sciences to the safeguard of Environment and Cultural Heritage (CIABC), Sapienza University of Rome, Ple Aldo Moro, 5 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Giovannini
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniel V Savatin
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Boateng NAS, Ackah M, Wang K, Dzah CS, Zhang H. Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analysis reveals an improved biological control efficacy of Sporidiobolus pararoseus Y16 enhanced with ascorbic acid against the oxidative stress tolerance caused by Penicillium expansum in pears. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108627. [PMID: 38663265 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Sporidiobolus pararoseus Y16, a species of significant ecological importance, has distinctive physiological and biological regulatory systems that aid in its survival and environmental adaptation. The goal of this investigation was to understand the complex interactions between physiological and molecular mechanisms in pear fruits as induced by S. pararoseus Y16. The study investigated the use of S. pararoseus Y16 and ascorbic acid (VC) in combination in controlling blue mold decay in pears via physiological and transcriptomic approach. The study results showed that treatment of S. pararoseus Y16 with 150 μg/mL VC reduced pears blue mold disease incidence from 43% to 11%. Furthermore, the combination of S. pararoseus Y16 and VC significantly inhibited mycelia growth and spore germination of Penicillium expansum in the pear's wounds. The pre-treatment did not impair post-harvest qualities of pear fruit but increased antioxidant enzyme activity specifically polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) activities as well as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activity. The transcriptome analysis further uncovered 395 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways involved in defense mechanisms and disease resistance. Notable pathways of the DEGs include plant-pathogen interaction, tyrosine metabolism, and hormone signal transduction pathways. The integrative approach with both physiological and transcriptomic tools to investigate postharvest pathology in pear fruits with clarification on how S. pararoseus Y16 enhanced with VC, improved gene expression for disease defense, and create alternative controls strategies for managing postharvest diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Adwoa Serwah Boateng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, PR China; Ho Technical University, P.O. Box HP 217. Ho, Volta Region, Ghana
| | - Michael Ackah
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Kaili Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | | | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Xu J, Zhou T, Wang Y, Yang Y, Pu Y, Chen Q, Zheng K, Sun G. Functional Analysis of the GhIQD1 Gene in Cotton Resistance to Verticillium Wilt. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1005. [PMID: 38611533 PMCID: PMC11013105 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Cotton is a critical crop with massive economic implications worldwide. Verticillium wilt is a soil-borne ailment caused by Verticillium dahliae, which harms the growth and development of cotton. Therefore, investigating the genes associated with resistance to verticillium wilt is of particular significance. In this study, we identified the GhIQD1 gene through transcriptome analysis and experimentally characterized the role of the GhIQD1 gene in cotton against V. dahliae. The findings indicated that GhIQD1 acts as a calmodulin-binding protein. The expression of GhIQD1 was the highest in stems, and the expression level increased significantly following infection with V. dahliae. The expression in resistant cotton varieties was higher than in susceptible cotton varieties. Through overexpression of the GhIQD1 gene in tobacco, these transgenic plants exhibited improved resistance to V. dahliae. In contrast, by silencing the GhIQD1 gene in cotton through VIGS, the resistance to V. dahliae was reduced. Following inoculation, the leaves yellowed, and the disease index was higher. Transcriptome analysis of transgenic tobacco 72 h after inoculation indicated that overexpression of GhIQD1 increased the enrichment of the calmodulin pathway and stimulated the production of plant hormones alongside secondary metabolites. Consequently, we investigated the relationship between the GhIQD1 gene and plant disease-resistant hormones SA, JA, and ABA. In summary, this study uncovered the mechanism by which GhIQD1 conferred resistance to V. dahliae in cotton through positive regulation of JA and ABA, providing crucial information for further research on the adaptation of plants to pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Xu
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (J.X.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.)
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (T.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ting Zhou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (T.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (J.X.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.)
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (T.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yejun Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (T.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China
| | - Yuanchun Pu
- Institute of Western Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China;
| | - Quanjia Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (J.X.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.)
| | - Kai Zheng
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (J.X.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.)
| | - Guoqing Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (T.Z.); (Y.Y.)
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Rocher F, Dou S, Philippe G, Martin ML, Label P, Langin T, Bonhomme L. Integrative systems biology of wheat susceptibility to Fusarium graminearum uncovers a conserved gene regulatory network and identifies master regulators targeted by fungal core effectors. BMC Biol 2024; 22:53. [PMID: 38443953 PMCID: PMC10916188 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant diseases are driven by an intricate set of defense mechanisms counterbalanced by the expression of host susceptibility factors promoted through the action of pathogen effectors. In spite of their central role in the establishment of the pathology, the primary components of plant susceptibility are still poorly understood and challenging to trace especially in plant-fungal interactions such as in Fusarium head blight (FHB) of bread wheat. Designing a system-level transcriptomics approach, we leveraged the analysis of wheat responses from a susceptible cultivar facing Fusarium graminearum strains of different aggressiveness and examined their constancy in four other wheat cultivars also developing FHB. RESULTS In this study, we describe unexpected differential expression of a conserved set of transcription factors and an original subset of master regulators were evidenced using a regulation network approach. The dual-integration with the expression data of pathogen effector genes combined with database mining, demonstrated robust connections with the plant molecular regulators and identified relevant candidate genes involved in plant susceptibility, mostly able to suppress plant defense mechanisms. Furthermore, taking advantage of wheat cultivars of contrasting susceptibility levels, a refined list of 142 conserved susceptibility gene candidates was proposed to be necessary host's determinants for the establishment of a compatible interaction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasized major FHB determinants potentially controlling a set of conserved responses associated with susceptibility in bread wheat. They provide new clues for improving FHB control in wheat and also could conceivably leverage further original researches dealing with a broader spectrum of plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rocher
- UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie Des Céréales, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Samir Dou
- UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie Des Céréales, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Géraldine Philippe
- UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie Des Céréales, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Laure Martin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif Sur Yvette, 91190, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif Sur Yvette, 91190, France
- UMR MIA Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Label
- Physique Et Physiologie Intégratives de L'Arbre en Environnement Fluctuant, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 547, Aubière, Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Langin
- UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie Des Céréales, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ludovic Bonhomme
- UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie Des Céréales, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Wang HY, Li PF, Wang Y, Chi CY, Jin XX, Ding GH. Overexpression of cucumber CYP82D47 enhances resistance to powdery mildew and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:14. [PMID: 38236308 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s are a large family of protein-encoding genes in plant genomes, many of which have not yet been comprehensively characterized. Here, a novel P450 gene, CYP82D47, was isolated and functionally characterized from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that CYP82D47 expression was triggered by salicylic acid (SA) and ethephon (ETH). Expression analysis revealed a correlation between CYP82D47 transcript levels and plant defense responses against powdery mildew (PM) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (Foc). Although no significant differences were observed in disease resistance between CYP82D47-RNAi and wild-type cucumber, overexpression (OE) of CYP82D47 enhanced PM and Foc resistance in cucumber. Furthermore, the expression levels of SA-related genes (PR1, PR2, PR4, and PR5) increased in CYP82D47-overexpressing plants 7 days post fungal inoculation. The levels of ETH-related genes (EIN3 and EBF2) were similarly upregulated. The observed enhanced resistance was associated with the upregulation of SA/ETH-signaling-dependent defense genes. These findings indicate the crucial role of CYP82D47 in pathogen defense in cucumber. CYP82D47-overexpressing cucumber plants exhibited heightened susceptibility to both diseases. The study results offer important insights that could aid in the development of disease-resistant cucumber cultivars and elucidate the molecular mechanisms associated with the functions of CYP82D47.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Chun-Yu Chi
- Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Jin
- Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
| | - Guo-Hua Ding
- Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
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Mesterhazy A. Food Safety Aspects of Breeding Maize to Multi-Resistance against the Major (Fusarium graminearum, F. verticillioides, Aspergillus flavus) and Minor Toxigenic Fungi ( Fusarium spp.) as Well as to Toxin Accumulation, Trends, and Solutions-A Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:40. [PMID: 38248949 PMCID: PMC10817526 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Maize is the crop which is most commonly exposed to toxigenic fungi that produce many toxins that are harmful to humans and animals alike. Preharvest grain yield loss, preharvest toxin contamination (at harvest), and storage loss are estimated to be between 220 and 265 million metric tons. In the past ten years, the preharvest mycotoxin damage was stable or increased mainly in aflatoxin and fumonisins. The presence of multiple toxins is characteristic. The few breeding programs concentrate on one of the three main toxigenic fungi. About 90% of the experiments except AFB1 rarely test toxin contamination. As disease resistance and resistance to toxin contamination often differ in regard to F. graminearum, F. verticillioides, and A. flavus and their toxins, it is not possible to make a food safety evaluation according to symptom severity alone. The inheritance of the resistance is polygenic, often mixed with epistatic and additive effects, but only a minor part of their phenotypic variation can be explained. All tests are made by a single inoculum (pure isolate or mixture). Genotype ranking differs between isolates and according to aggressiveness level; therefore, the reliability of such resistance data is often problematic. Silk channel inoculation often causes lower ear rot severity than we find in kernel resistance tests. These explain the slow progress and raise skepticism towards resistance breeding. On the other hand, during genetic research, several effective putative resistance genes were identified, and some overlapped with known QTLs. QTLs were identified as securing specific or general resistance to different toxicogenic species. Hybrids were identified with good disease and toxin resistance to the three toxigenic species. Resistance and toxin differences were often tenfold or higher, allowing for the introduction of the resistance and resistance to toxin accumulation tests in the variety testing and the evaluation of the food safety risks of the hybrids within 2-3 years. Beyond this, resistance breeding programs and genetic investigations (QTL-analyses, GWAM tests, etc.) can be improved. All other research may use it with success, where artificial inoculation is necessary. The multi-toxin data reveal more toxins than we can treat now. Their control is not solved. As limits for nonregulated toxins can be introduced, or the existing regulations can be made to be stricter, the research should start. We should mention that a higher resistance to F. verticillioides and A. flavus can be very useful to balance the detrimental effect of hotter and dryer seasons on aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination. This is a new aspect to secure food and feed safety under otherwise damaging climatic conditions. The more resistant hybrids are to the three main agents, the more likely we are to reduce the toxin losses mentioned by about 50% or higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akos Mesterhazy
- Cereal Research Non-Profit Ltd., Alsokikotosor 9, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
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Hossain MM, Sultana F, Khan S, Nayeema J, Mostafa M, Ferdus H, Tran LSP, Mostofa MG. Carrageenans as biostimulants and bio-elicitors: plant growth and defense responses. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:3. [PMID: 38169020 PMCID: PMC10761655 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In the context of climate change, the need to ensure food security and safety has taken center stage. Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are traditionally used to achieve higher plant productivity and improved plant protection from biotic stresses. However, the widespread use of fertilizers and pesticides has led to significant risks to human health and the environment, which are further compounded by the emissions of greenhouse gases during fertilizer and pesticide production and application, contributing to global warming and climate change. The naturally occurring sulfated linear polysaccharides obtained from edible red seaweeds (Rhodophyta), carrageenans, could offer climate-friendly substitutes for these inputs due to their bi-functional activities. Carrageenans and their derivatives, known as oligo-carrageenans, facilitate plant growth through a multitude of metabolic courses, including chlorophyll metabolism, carbon fixation, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, secondary metabolite generation, and detoxification of reactive oxygen species. In parallel, these compounds suppress pathogens by their direct antimicrobial activities and/or improve plant resilience against pathogens by modulating biochemical changes via salicylate (SA) and/or jasmonate (JA) and ethylene (ET) signaling pathways, resulting in increased production of secondary metabolites, defense-related proteins, and antioxidants. The present review summarizes the usage of carrageenans for increasing plant development and defense responses to pathogenic challenges under climate change. In addition, the current state of knowledge regarding molecular mechanisms and metabolic alterations in plants during carrageenan-stimulated plant growth and plant disease defense responses has been discussed. This evaluation will highlight the potential use of these new biostimulants in increasing agricultural productivity under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Motaher Hossain
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Sultana
- College of Agricultural Sciences, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Sabia Khan
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatun Nayeema
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Mahabuba Mostafa
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Humayra Ferdus
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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10
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Han X, Han S, Li Y, Li K, Yang L, Ma D, Fang Z, Yin J, Zhu Y, Gong S. Double roles of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein TaLhc2 in wheat stress tolerance and photosynthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127215. [PMID: 37793527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding proteins are encoded by nucleus genes and widely involve in capturing light energy, transferring energy, and responding to various stresses. However, their roles in wheat photosynthesis and stress tolerance are largely unknown. Here, Triticum aestivumlight-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein TaLhc2 was identified. It showed subcellular localization in chloroplast, contained light responsive cis-elements, and highly expressed in green tissues and down-regulated by multiple stresses. TaLhc2 promoted the colonization of hemi-biotrophic pathogen; further analysis showed that TaLhc2 strengthened BAX-induced cell death, enhanced the ROS accumulation, and up-regulated pathogenesis-related genes; those results suggested that TaLhc2 has adverse influence on host immunity and function as a susceptible gene, thus host decreased its expression when faced with pathogen infection. RT-qPCR results showed that TaLhc2 was down-regulated by drought and salt stresses, while TaLhc2 improved the ROS accumulation under the two stresses, suggesting TaLhc2 may participate in wheat responding to abiotic stress. Additionally, TaLhc2 can increase the content of total chlorophyll and carotenoid by 1.3 % and 2.9 %, increase the net photosynthetic rate by 18 %, thus promote plant photosynthesis. Conclusively, we preliminarily deciphered the function of TaLhc2 in biotic/abiotic stresses and photosynthesis, which laid foundation for its usage in wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Han
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Shuo Han
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Yiting Li
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Keke Li
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Lijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture/Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China
| | - Dongfang Ma
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhengwu Fang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Junliang Yin
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Yongxing Zhu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Shuangjun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture/Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China.
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11
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Hoheneder F, Steidele CE, Messerer M, Mayer KFX, Köhler N, Wurmser C, Heß M, Gigl M, Dawid C, Stam R, Hückelhoven R. Barley shows reduced Fusarium head blight under drought and modular expression of differentially expressed genes under combined stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6820-6835. [PMID: 37668551 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants often face simultaneous abiotic and biotic stress conditions; however, physiological and transcriptional responses under such combined stress conditions are still not fully understood. Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) is susceptible to Fusarium head blight (FHB), which is strongly affected by weather conditions. We therefore studied the potential influence of drought on FHB severity and plant responses in three varieties of different susceptibility. We found strongly reduced FHB severity in susceptible varieties under drought. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and strength of transcriptomic regulation reflected the concentrations of physiological stress markers such as abscisic acid or fungal DNA contents. Infection-related gene expression was associated with susceptibility rather than resistance. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed 18 modules of co-expressed genes that reflected the pathogen- or drought-response in the three varieties. A generally infection-related module contained co-expressed genes for defence, programmed cell death, and mycotoxin detoxification, indicating that the diverse genotypes used a similar defence strategy towards FHB, albeit with different degrees of success. Further, DEGs showed co-expression in drought- or genotype-associated modules that correlated with measured phytohormones or the osmolyte proline. The combination of drought stress with infection led to the highest numbers of DEGs and resulted in a modular composition of the single-stress responses rather than a specific transcriptional output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hoheneder
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann Str. 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Christina E Steidele
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann Str. 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Maxim Messerer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus F X Mayer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Köhler
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann Str. 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof Forum 3, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Christine Wurmser
- Chair of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3/I, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Michael Heß
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann Str. 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Michael Gigl
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Remco Stam
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann Str. 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Institute of Phytopathology, Christian Albrecht University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralph Hückelhoven
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann Str. 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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12
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Sunic K, Brkljacic L, Vukovic R, Katanic Z, Salopek-Sondi B, Spanic V. Fusarium Head Blight Infection Induced Responses of Six Winter Wheat Varieties in Ascorbate-Glutathione Pathway, Photosynthetic Efficiency and Stress Hormones. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3720. [PMID: 37960076 PMCID: PMC10649800 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most studied fungal diseases of wheat, causing massive grain yield and quality losses. This study aimed to extend previous studies on the physiological and biochemical responses of winter wheat to FHB stress in a controlled environment by focusing on the ascorbate-glutathione pathway (AsA-GSH), photosynthetic efficiency, and stress hormone levels, thus providing insight into the possible interactions of different defense mechanisms during infection. The activity of AsA-GSH metabolism was increased in FHB resistant varieties, maintaining the redox state of spikes, and consequently preserving functional photosystem II. Furthermore, carotenoids (Car) were shown to be the major pigments in the photosystem assembly, as they decreased in FHB-stressed spikes of resistant and moderately resistant varieties, compared to controls. Car are also the substrate for the synthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), which acts as a fungal effector and its elevated content leads to increased FHB susceptibility in inoculated spikes. The results of this study contributed to the knowledge of FHB resistance mechanisms and can be used to improve the breeding of FHB resistant varieties, which is considered to be the most effective control measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Sunic
- Department for Cereal Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Lidija Brkljacic
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Biljenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.); (B.S.-S.)
| | - Rosemary Vukovic
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (R.V.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zorana Katanic
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (R.V.); (Z.K.)
| | - Branka Salopek-Sondi
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Biljenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.); (B.S.-S.)
| | - Valentina Spanic
- Department for Cereal Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
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13
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Wang D, Zhao Y, Zhao X, Ji M, Guo X, Tian J, Chen G, Deng Z. Genome-wide association analysis of type II resistance to Fusarium head blight in common wheat. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15906. [PMID: 37750077 PMCID: PMC10518165 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a disease affecting wheat spikes caused by some Fusarium species and leads to cases of severe yield reduction and seed contamination. Identifying resistance genes/QTLs from wheat germplasm may help to improve FHB resistance in wheat production. Methods Our study evaluated 205 elite winter wheat cultivars for FHB resistance. A high-density 90K SNP array was used for genotyping the panel. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) from cultivars from three different environments was performed using a mixed linear model (MLM). Results Sixty-six significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified (P < 0.001) on fifteen chromosomes that explained the phenotypic variation ranging from 5.4 to 11.2%. Some important new MTAs in genomic regions involving FHB resistance were found on chromosomes 2A, 3B, 5B, 6A, and 7B. Six MTAs at 92 cM on chromosome 7B were found in cultivars from two different environments. Moreover, there were 11 MTAs consistently associated with diseased spikelet rate and diseased rachis rate as pleiotropic effect loci and D_contig74317_533 on chromosome 5D was novel for FHB resistance. Eight new candidate genes of FHB resistance were predicated in wheat in this study. Three candidate genes, TraesCS5D02G006700, TraesCS6A02G013600, and TraesCS7B02G370700 on chromosome 5DS, 6AS, and 7BL, respectively, were perhaps important in defending against FHB by regulating intramolecular transferase activity, GTP binding, or chitinase activity in wheat, but further validation in needed. In addition, a total of five favorable alleles associated with wheat FHB resistance were discovered. These results provide important genes/loci for enhancing FHB resistance in wheat breeding by marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Yunzhe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xinying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Mengqi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Taiyuan Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jichun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Huatian Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Guangfeng Chen
- College of Ecology and Garden Architecture, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
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14
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Laraba I, Ward TJ, Cuperlovic-Culf M, Azimi H, Xi P, McCormick SP, Hay WT, Hao G, Vaughan MM. Insights into the Aggressiveness of the Emerging North American Population 3 (NA3) of Fusarium graminearum. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:2687-2700. [PMID: 36774561 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-22-2698-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the United States and Canada, Fusarium graminearum (Fg) is the predominant etiological agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), an economically devastating fungal disease of wheat and other small grains. Besides yield losses, FHB leads to grain contamination with trichothecene mycotoxins that are harmful to plant, human, and livestock health. Three genetic North American populations of Fg, differing in their predominant trichothecene chemotype (i.e., NA1/15ADON, NA2/3ADON, and NA3/NX-2), have been identified. To improve our understanding of the newly discovered population NA3 and how population-level diversity influences FHB outcomes, we inoculated heads of the moderately resistant wheat cultivar Alsen with 15 representative strains from each population and evaluated disease progression, mycotoxin accumulation, and mycotoxin production per unit Fg biomass. Additionally, we evaluated population-specific differences in induced host defense responses. The NA3 population was significantly less aggressive than the NA1 and NA2 populations but posed a similar mycotoxigenic potential. Multiomics analyses revealed patterns in mycotoxin production per unit Fg biomass, expression of Fg aggressiveness-associated genes, and host defense responses that did not always correlate with the NA3-specific severity difference. Our comparative disease assay of NA3/NX-2 and admixed NA1/NX-2 strains indicated that the reduced NA3 aggressiveness is not due solely to the NX-2 chemotype. Notably, the NA1 and NA2 populations did not show a significant advantage over NA3 in perithecia production, a fitness-related trait. Together, our data highlight that the disease outcomes were not due to mycotoxin production or host defense alone, indicating that other virulence factors and/or host defense mechanisms are likely involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Laraba
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education fellow, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - Todd J Ward
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | | | - Hilda Azimi
- Digital Technologies Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Pengcheng Xi
- Digital Technologies Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Susan P McCormick
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - William T Hay
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - Guixia Hao
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - Martha M Vaughan
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
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15
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Vranić M, Perochon A, Doohan FM. Transcriptional Profiling Reveals the Wheat Defences against Fusarium Head Blight Disease Regulated by a NAC Transcription Factor. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2708. [PMID: 37514322 PMCID: PMC10383764 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The wheat NAC transcription factor TaNACL-D1 enhances resistance to the economically devastating Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease. The objective of this study was to decipher the alterations in gene expression, pathways and biological processes that led to enhanced resistance as a result of the constitutive expression of TaNACL-D1 in wheat. Transcriptomic analysis was used to determine the genes and processes enhanced in wheat due to TaNACL-D1 overexpression, both in the presence and absence of the causal agent of FHB, Fusarium graminearum (0- and 1-day post-treatment). The overexpression of TaNACL-D1 resulted in more pronounced transcriptional reprogramming as a response to fungal infection, leading to the enhanced expression of genes involved in detoxification, immune responses, secondary metabolism, hormone biosynthesis, and signalling. The regulation and response to JA and ABA were differentially regulated between the OE and the WT. Furthermore, the results suggest that the OE may more efficiently: (i) regulate the oxidative burst; (ii) modulate cell death; and (iii) induce both the phenylpropanoid pathway and lignin synthesis. Thus, this study provides insights into the mode of action and downstream target pathways for this novel NAC transcription factor, further validating its potential as a gene to enhance FHB resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Vranić
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alexandre Perochon
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona M Doohan
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Berraies S, Cuthbert R, Knox R, Singh A, DePauw R, Ruan Y, Bokore F, Henriquez MA, Kumar S, Burt A, Pozniak C, N’Diaye A, Meyer B. High-density genetic mapping of Fusarium head blight resistance and agronomic traits in spring wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1134132. [PMID: 37284725 PMCID: PMC10241073 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1134132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) has rapidly become a major challenge to successful wheat production and competitive end-use quality in western Canada. Continuous effort is required to develop germplasm with improved FHB resistance and understand how to incorporate the material into crossing schemes for marker-assisted selection and genomic selection. The aim of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for the expression of FHB resistance in two adapted cultivars and to evaluate their co-localization with plant height, days to maturity, days to heading, and awnedness. A large doubled haploid population of 775 lines developed from cultivars Carberry and AC Cadillac was assessed for FHB incidence and severity in nurseries near Portage la Prairie, Brandon, and Morden in different years, and for plant height, awnedness, days to heading, and days to maturity near Swift Current. An initial linkage map using a subset of 261 lines was constructed using 634 polymorphic DArT and SSR markers. QTL analysis revealed five resistance QTL on chromosomes 2A, 3B (two loci), 4B, and 5A. A second genetic map with increased marker density was constructed using the Infinium iSelect 90k SNP wheat array in addition to the previous DArT and SSR markers, which revealed two additional QTL on 6A and 6D. The complete population was genotyped, and a total of 6,806 Infinium iSelect 90k SNP polymorphic markers were used to identify 17 putative resistance QTL on 14 different chromosomes. As with the smaller population size and fewer markers, large-effect QTL were detected on 3B, 4B, and 5A that were consistently expressed across environments. FHB resistance QTL were co-localized with plant height QTL on chromosomes 4B, 6D, and 7D; days to heading on 2B, 3A, 4A, 4B, and 5A; and maturity on 3A, 4B, and 7D. A major QTL for awnedness was identified as being associated with FHB resistance on chromosome 5A. Nine small-effect QTL were not associated with any of the agronomic traits, whereas 13 QTL that were associated with agronomic traits did not co-localize with any of the FHB traits. There is an opportunity to select for improved FHB resistance within adapted cultivars by using markers associated with complementary QTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Berraies
- Swift Current Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Richard Cuthbert
- Swift Current Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Ron Knox
- Swift Current Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Yuefeng Ruan
- Swift Current Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Firdissa Bokore
- Swift Current Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Maria Antonia Henriquez
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Andrew Burt
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Curtis Pozniak
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Amidou N’Diaye
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Brad Meyer
- Swift Current Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
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17
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Solís M, Hammerbacher A, Wingfield MJ, Naidoo S. A Robust Disease Scoring Method to Screen Eucalyptus for Resistance Against the Aggressive Leaf Pathogen Teratosphaeria destructans. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:PDIS06221347RE. [PMID: 36256741 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-22-1347-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Shoot and leaf blight caused by Teratosphaeria destructans is one of the most devastating foliar diseases on Eucalyptus. Therefore, breeding for resistance to this disease is considered urgent. Differences in susceptibility to T. destructans have been observed in the field but a robust inoculation protocol has, until recently, been unavailable and a disease scoring method for precise phenotyping has not been established. A first objective of this study was to determine the optimal conidial concentration for T. destructans inoculations on a susceptible Eucalyptus host. This concentration was then used to determine differences in susceptibility of six genotypes of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla to the pathogen by assessing the percentage of infected stomata using electron microscopy and the percentage of leaf area covered by lesions (PLACL) using image processing. In addition, we developed a disease susceptibility index (SI) of six categories ranging from highly resistant (SI = 0) to highly susceptible (SI = 1.5 to 2). The more resistant genotypes were moderately resistant, with an SI value of 0.49 to 0.54 and a PLACL of 6.5 to 9%. In contrast, the more susceptible genotype scored an SI of 1.52 and PLACL of 48%. Host susceptibility was also assessed relative to the sporulation of the pathogen. This showed that the percentage of sporulation was not significantly correlated with host resistance. Overall, the results provide the basis for rigorous screening and selection of resistant genotypes to the disease caused by T. destructans using artificial inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Solís
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Almuth Hammerbacher
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Sanushka Naidoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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18
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Wachowska U, Pluskota W, Jastrzębski JP, Głowacka K, Szablewska-Stuper K, Balcerzak M. A method for reducing the concentrations of Fusarium graminearum trichothecenes in durum wheat grain with the use of Debaryomyces hansenii. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 397:110211. [PMID: 37105049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most dangerous diseases of durum wheat. This hemibiotrophic pathogen transitions from the biotrophic phase, during which it penetrates host tissues and secretes trichothecenes, to the necrotrophic phase which leads to the destruction of host tissues. Yeasts applied to spikes often reduce mycotoxin concentrations, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the concentrations trichothecenes in durum wheat grain and changes in the F. graminearum transcriptome under the influence the Debaryomyces hansenii antagonistic yeast strain. Debaryomyces hansenii cells adhered to and formed cell aggregates/biofilm on the surface of spikes and pathogenic hyphae. Biological control suppressed the spread of F. graminearum by 90 % and decreased the content of deoxynivalenol (DON) in spikes by 31.2 %. Yeasts significantly reduced the expression of pathogen's genes encoding the rpaI subunit of RNA polymerase I and the activator of Hsp90 ATPase, but they had no effect on mRNA transcript levels of genes encoding the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of trichothecenes. The yeast treatment reduced the number of F. graminearum operational taxonomic units (OTUs) nearly five-fold and increased the number of D. hansenii OTUs more than six-fold in the spike mycobiome. The mechanisms that suppress infections should be explored to develop effective biological methods for reducing the concentrations mycotoxins in wheat grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Wachowska
- University of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Poland.
| | - Wioletta Pluskota
- University of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Poland
| | - Jan Paweł Jastrzębski
- University of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Głowacka
- University of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Poland
| | | | - Margaret Balcerzak
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food, Canada
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19
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Pavicic M, Mouhu K, Hautsalo J, Jacobson D, Jalli M, Himanen K. Image-based time series analysis to establish differential disease progression for two Fusarium head blight pathogens in oat spikelets with variable resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1126717. [PMID: 36998678 PMCID: PMC10043315 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1126717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Oat-based value-added products have increased their value as healthy foodstuff. Fusarium head blight (FHB) infections and the mycotoxins accumulated to the oat seeds, however, pose a challenge to oat production. The FHB infections are predicted to become more prevalent in the future changing climates and under more limited use of fungicides. Both these factors increase the pressure for breeding new resistant cultivars. Until now, however, genetic links in oats against FHB infection have been difficult to identify. Therefore, there is a great need for more effective breeding efforts, including improved phenotyping methods allowing time series analysis and the identification of molecular markers during disease progression. To these ends, dissected spikelets of several oat genotypes with different resistance profiles were studied by image-based methods during disease progression by Fusarium culmorum or F. langsethiae species. The chlorophyll fluorescence of each pixel in the spikelets was recorded after inoculation by the two Fusarium spp., and the progression of the infections was analyzed by calculating the mean maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) values for each spikelet. The recorded values were (i) the change in the photosynthetically active area of the spikelet as percentage of its initial size, and (ii) the mean of Fv/Fm values of all fluorescent pixels per spikelet post inoculation, both indicative of the progression of the FHB disease. The disease progression was successfully monitored, and different stages of the infection could be defined along the time series. The data also confirmed the differential rate of disease progression by the two FHB causal agents. In addition, oat varieties with variable responses to the infections were indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Pavicic
- National Plant Phenotyping Infrastructure, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Computational and Predictive Biology, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Katriina Mouhu
- National Plant Phenotyping Infrastructure, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juho Hautsalo
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Management and Production of Renewable Resources Planta, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Daniel Jacobson
- Computational and Predictive Biology, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Bredesen Center, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Marja Jalli
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Management and Production of Renewable Resources Planta, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Kristiina Himanen
- National Plant Phenotyping Infrastructure, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Biocenter Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Zhao Y, Wang D, Ji M, Tian J, Ding H, Deng Z. Transcriptome Dynamic Analysis Reveals New Candidate Genes Associated with Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in Two Chinese Contrasting Wheat Genotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044222. [PMID: 36835630 PMCID: PMC9966423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Fusarium head blight (FHB) has developed into a global disease that seriously affects the yield and quality of wheat. Effective measures to solve this problem include exploring disease-resistant genes and breeding disease-resistant varieties. In this study, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis to identify the important genes that are differentially expressed in FHB medium-resistant (Nankang 1) and FHB medium-susceptible (Shannong 102) wheat varieties for various periods after Fusarium graminearum infection using RNA-seq technology. In total, 96,628 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, 42,767 from Shannong 102 and 53,861 from Nankang 1 (FDR < 0.05 and |log2FC| > 1). Of these, 5754 and 6841 genes were found to be shared among the three time points in Shannong 102 and Nankang 1, respectively. After inoculation for 48 h, the number of upregulated genes in Nankang 1 was significantly lower than that of Shannong 102, but at 96 h, the number of DEGs in Nankang 1 was higher than that in Shannong 102. This indicated that Shannong 102 and Nankang 1 had different defensive responses to F. graminearum in the early stages of infection. By comparing the DEGs, there were 2282 genes shared at the three time points between the two strains. GO and KEGG analyses of these DEGs showed that the following pathways were associated with disease resistance genes: response to stimulus pathway in GO, glutathione metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interaction in KEGG. Among them, 16 upregulated genes were identified in the plant-pathogen interaction pathway. There were five upregulated genes, TraesCS5A02G439700, TraesCS5B02G442900, TraesCS5B02G443300, TraesCS5B02G443400, and TraesCS5D02G446900, with significantly higher expression levels in Nankang 1 than in Shannong 102, and these genes may have an important role in regulating the resistance of Nankang 1 to F. graminearum infection. The PR proteins they encode are PR protein 1-9, PR protein 1-6, PR protein 1-7, PR protein 1-7, and PR protein 1-like. In addition, the number of DEGs in Nankang 1 was higher than that in Shannong 102 on almost all chromosomes, except chromosomes 1A and 3D, but especially on chromosomes 6B, 4B, 3B, and 5A. These results indicate that gene expression and the genetic background must be considered for FHB resistance in wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhe Zhao
- Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China
| | - Dehua Wang
- Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China
| | - Mengqi Ji
- Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China
| | - Jichun Tian
- Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China
| | - Hanfeng Ding
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhiying Deng
- Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China
- Correspondence:
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21
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Pan LY, Zhou J, Sun Y, Qiao BX, Wan T, Guo RQ, Zhang J, Shan DQ, Cai YL. Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analyses of cherry leaves spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1129515. [PMID: 36844070 PMCID: PMC9947566 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1129515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Alternaria alternata is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen with a broad host range that causes widespread and devastating disease in sweet cherry (Prunus avium). We selected a resistant cultivar (RC) and a susceptible cultivar (SC) of cherry and used a combined physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic approach to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the plant's resistance to A. alternata, of which little is known. We found that A. alternata infection stimulated the outbreak of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cherry. The responses of the antioxidant enzymes and chitinase to disease were observed earlier in the RC than in the SC. Moreover, cell wall defense ability was stronger in the RC. Differential genes and metabolites involved in defense responses and secondary metabolism were primarily enriched in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloids, flavonoids, amino acids, and α-linolenic acid. Reprogramming the phenylpropanoid pathway and the α-linolenic acid metabolic pathway led to lignin accumulation and early induction of jasmonic acid signaling, respectively, in the RC, which consequently enhanced antifungal and ROS scavenging activity. The RC contained a high level of coumarin, and in vitro tests showed that coumarin significantly inhibited A. alternata growth and development and had antifungal effect on cherry leaves. In addition, differentially expressed genes encoding transcription factors from the MYB, NAC, WRKY, ERF, and bHLH families were highly expressed, they could be the key responsive factor in the response of cherry to infection by A. alternata. Overall, this study provides molecular clues and a multifaceted understanding of the specific response of cherry to A. alternata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Yi Pan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bai-Xue Qiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Wan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui-Quan Guo
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dong-Qian Shan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Liang Cai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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22
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Son WK, Choi YS, Han YW, Shin DW, Min K, Shin J, Lee MJ, Son H, Jeong DH, Kwak SY. In vivo surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanosensor for the real-time monitoring of multiple stress signalling molecules in plants. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:205-216. [PMID: 36522556 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
When under stress, plants release molecules to activate their defense system. Detecting these stress-related molecules offers the possibility to address stress conditions and prevent the development of diseases. However, detecting endogenous signalling molecules in living plants remains challenging due to low concentrations of these analytes and interference with other compounds; additionally, many methods currently used are invasive and labour-intensive. Here we show a non-destructive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based nanoprobe for the real-time detection of multiple stress-related endogenous molecules in living plants. The nanoprobe, which is placed in the intercellular space, is optically active in the near-infrared region (785 nm) to avoid interferences from plant autofluorescence. It consists of a Si nanosphere surrounded by a corrugated Ag shell modified by a water-soluble cationic polymer poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), which can interact with multiple plant signalling molecules. We measure a SERS enhancement factor of 2.9 × 107 and a signal-to-noise ratio of up to 64 with an acquisition time of ~100 ms. To show quantitative multiplex detection, we adopted a binding model to interpret the SERS intensities of two different analytes bound to the SERS hot spot of the nanoprobe. Under either abiotic or biotic stress, our optical nanosensors can successfully monitor salicylic acid, extracellular adenosine triphosphate, cruciferous phytoalexin and glutathione in Nasturtium officinale, Triticum aestivum L. and Hordeum vulgare L.-all stress-related molecules indicating the possible onset of a plant disease. We believe that plasmonic nanosensor platforms can enable the early diagnosis of stress, contributing to a timely disease management of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Ki Son
- Department of Chemistry Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sik Choi
- Department of Chemistry Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woo Han
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Department of Chemistry Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghun Min
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Shin
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hokyoung Son
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Educational Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seon-Yeong Kwak
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Ding LN, Li YT, Wu YZ, Li T, Geng R, Cao J, Zhang W, Tan XL. Plant Disease Resistance-Related Signaling Pathways: Recent Progress and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416200. [PMID: 36555841 PMCID: PMC9785534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-pathogen interactions induce a signal transmission series that stimulates the plant's host defense system against pathogens and this, in turn, leads to disease resistance responses. Plant innate immunity mainly includes two lines of the defense system, called pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). There is extensive signal exchange and recognition in the process of triggering the plant immune signaling network. Plant messenger signaling molecules, such as calcium ions, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide, and plant hormone signaling molecules, such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene, play key roles in inducing plant defense responses. In addition, heterotrimeric G proteins, the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play important roles in regulating disease resistance and the defense signal transduction network. This paper summarizes the status and progress in plant disease resistance and disease resistance signal transduction pathway research in recent years; discusses the complexities of, and interactions among, defense signal pathways; and forecasts future research prospects to provide new ideas for the prevention and control of plant diseases.
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24
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Kushalappa AC, Hegde NG, Gunnaiah R, Sathe A, Yogendra KN, Ajjamada L. Apoptotic-like PCD inducing HRC gene when silenced enhances multiple disease resistance in plants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20402. [PMID: 36437285 PMCID: PMC9701806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) plays an important role in plant environmental stress and has the potential to be manipulated to enhance disease resistance. Plants have innate immunity and, following pathogen perception, the host induces a Hypersensitive Response PCD (HR-PCD), leading to pattern (PTI) or effector triggered immunity (ETI). Here we report a non-HR type or Apoptotic-Like PCD (AL-PCD) in pathogen infected wheat and potato based on apoptotic-like DNA fragmentation. A deletion mutation in the gene encoding histidine rich calcium binding protein (TaHRC) in FHB-resistant wheat (R-NIL) failed to induce AL-PCD. Similarly, the CRISPR-Cas9 based silencing of StHRC gene in Russet Burbank potato failed to induce apoptotic-like DNA fragmentation, proved based on DNA laddering and TUNEL assays. The absence of AL-PCD in wheat R-NIL reduced pathogen biomass and mycotoxins, increasing the accumulation of resistance metabolites and FHB-resistance, and in potato it enhanced resistance to multiple pathogens. In addition, the reduced expressions of metacaspase (StMC7) and Ca2+ dependent endonuclease 2 (StCaN2) genes in potato with Sthrc indicated an involvement of a hierarchy of genes in the induction of AL-PCD. The HRC in commercial varieties of different crops, if functional, can be silenced by genome editing possibly to enhance resistance to multiple pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Kushalappa
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Plant Science Department, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X3V9 Canada
| | - N. G. Hegde
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Plant Science Department, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X3V9 Canada
| | - R. Gunnaiah
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Plant Science Department, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X3V9 Canada ,grid.449749.30000 0004 1772 7097Present Address: University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka India
| | - A. Sathe
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Plant Science Department, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X3V9 Canada
| | - K. N. Yogendra
- grid.419337.b0000 0000 9323 1772International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, Telangana India
| | - L. Ajjamada
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Division of Hematology-OncologyJewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
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25
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Walker PL, Girard IJ, Becker MG, Giesbrecht S, Whyard S, Fernando WGD, de Kievit TR, Belmonte MF. Tissue-specific mRNA profiling of the Brassica napus-Sclerotinia sclerotiorum interaction uncovers novel regulators of plant immunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6697-6710. [PMID: 35961003 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
White mold is caused by the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and leads to rapid and significant loss in plant yield. Among its many brassicaceous hosts, including Brassica napus (canola) and Arabidopsis, the response of individual tissue layers directly at the site of infection has yet to be explored. Using laser microdissection coupled with RNA sequencing, we profiled the epidermis, mesophyll, and vascular leaf tissue layers of B. napus in response to S. sclerotiorum. High-throughput tissue-specific mRNA sequencing increased the total number of detected transcripts compared with whole-leaf assessments and provided novel insight into the conserved and specific roles of ontogenetically distinct leaf tissue layers in response to infection. When subjected to pathogen infection, the epidermis, mesophyll, and vasculature activate both specific and shared gene sets. Putative defense genes identified through transcription factor network analysis were then screened for susceptibility against necrotrophic, hemi-biotrophic, and biotrophic pathogens. Arabidopsis deficient in PR5-like RECEPTOR KINASE (PR5K) mRNA levels were universally susceptible to all pathogens tested and were further characterized to identify putative interacting partners involved in the PR5K signaling pathway. Together, these data provide insight into the complexity of the plant defense response directly at the site of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip L Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ian J Girard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Michael G Becker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Shayna Giesbrecht
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Steve Whyard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - Teresa R de Kievit
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Mark F Belmonte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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26
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Dinolfo MI, Martínez M, Castañares E, Vanzetti LS, Rossi F, Stenglein SA, Arata AF. Interaction of methyl-jasmonate and Fusarium poae in bread wheat. Fungal Biol 2022; 126:786-792. [PMID: 36517146 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is a devastating disease that affects the grain yield and quality of essential crops such as wheat. In the last years, some Fusarium species have acquired particular importance as Fusarium poae. However, studies to evaluate F. poae-wheat interaction are still scarce. The interaction between F. poae and two bread wheat cultivars with different resistance levels against FHB was evaluated. Moreover, the application of methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) was evaluated as a possible tool to reduce the fungal presence. Our results showed that the MeJA treatment is isolate-dependent, reducing F. poae fungal growth. A decrease in fungal biomass was observed in the susceptible cultivar after MeJA application; however, no differences between inoculated and inoculated-MeJA treatments were observed in the resistant cultivar. Finally, the F. poae inoculation induces the expression of PR1-1 and PDF 1.2, being early in the resistant cultivar compared to the susceptible ones. The application of MeJA combined with the F. poae inoculation increased PR1-1 and PDF1.2 expressions in resistant cultivars. To our knowledge, this is the first study that evaluates the interaction between F. poae and wheat and the MeJA treatment as a possible management strategy against this important pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Dinolfo
- Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología (BIOLAB)-CICBA-INBIOTEC-CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, UNCPBA, Av. República de Italia 780, Azul (7300), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - M Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología (BIOLAB)-CICBA-INBIOTEC-CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, UNCPBA, Av. República de Italia 780, Azul (7300), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Castañares
- Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología (BIOLAB)-CICBA-INBIOTEC-CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, UNCPBA, Av. República de Italia 780, Azul (7300), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L S Vanzetti
- Grupo Biotecnología y Recursos Genéticos, EEA INTA Marcos Juárez, Ruta 12 s/n, Marcos Juárez (CP2580), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - F Rossi
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de General San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (7130) Chascomús, Argentina
| | - S A Stenglein
- Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología (BIOLAB)-CICBA-INBIOTEC-CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, UNCPBA, Av. República de Italia 780, Azul (7300), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A F Arata
- Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología (BIOLAB)-CICBA-INBIOTEC-CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, UNCPBA, Av. República de Italia 780, Azul (7300), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones Integradas sobre Sistemas Agronómicos Sustentables (CIISAS), Facultad de Agronomía, UNCPBA. Av. República de Italia 780, Azul (7300), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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27
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Haidoulis JF, Nicholson P. Tissue-specific transcriptome responses to Fusarium head blight and Fusarium root rot. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1025161. [PMID: 36352885 PMCID: PMC9637937 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1025161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium root rot (FRR) are important diseases of small-grain cereals caused by Fusarium species. While host response to FHB has been subject to extensive study, very little is known about response to FRR and the transcriptome responses of FHB and FRR have not been thoroughly compared. Brachypodium distachyon (Bd) is an effective model for investigating host responses to both FHB and FRR. In this study the transcriptome response of Bd to F. graminearum (Fg) infection of heads and roots was investigated. An RNA-seq analysis was performed on both Bd FHB and FRR during the early infection. Additionally, an RNA-seq analysis was performed on in vitro samples of Fg for comparison with Fg gene expression in planta. Differential gene expression and gene-list enrichment analyses were used to compare FHB and FRR transcriptome responses in both Bd and Fg. Differential expression of selected genes was confirmed using RT-qPCR. Most genes associated with receptor signalling, cell-wall modification, oxidative stress metabolism, and cytokinin and auxin biosynthesis and signalling genes were generally upregulated in FHB or were downregulated in FRR. In contrast, Bd genes involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene biosynthesis and signalling, and antimicrobial production were similarly differentially expressed in both tissues in response to infection. A transcriptome analysis of predicted Fg effectors with the same infected material revealed elevated expression of core tissue-independent genes including cell-wall degradation enzymes and the gene cluster for DON production but also several tissue-dependent genes including those for aurofusarin production and cutin degradation. This evidence suggests that Fg modulates its transcriptome to different tissues of the same host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Nicholson
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, England
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28
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Chaudhary P, Agri U, Chaudhary A, Kumar A, Kumar G. Endophytes and their potential in biotic stress management and crop production. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:933017. [PMID: 36325026 PMCID: PMC9618965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.933017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotic stress is caused by harmful microbes that prevent plants from growing normally and also having numerous negative effects on agriculture crops globally. Many biotic factors such as bacteria, fungi, virus, weeds, insects, and nematodes are the major constrains of stress that tends to increase the reactive oxygen species that affect the physiological and molecular functioning of plants and also led to the decrease in crop productivity. Bacterial and fungal endophytes are the solution to overcome the tasks faced with conventional farming, and these are environment friendly microbial commodities that colonize in plant tissues without causing any damage. Endophytes play an important role in host fitness, uptake of nutrients, synthesis of phytohormone and diminish the injury triggered by pathogens via antibiosis, production of lytic enzymes, secondary metabolites, and hormone activation. They are also reported to help plants in coping with biotic stress, improving crops and soil health, respectively. Therefore, usage of endophytes as biofertilizers and biocontrol agent have developed an eco-friendly substitute to destructive chemicals for plant development and also in mitigation of biotic stress. Thus, this review highlighted the potential role of endophytes as biofertilizers, biocontrol agent, and in mitigation of biotic stress for maintenance of plant development and soil health for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Chaudhary
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Upasana Agri
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Ashish Kumar
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Govind Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India
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Alam ST, Sarowar S, Mondal HA, Makandar R, Chowdhury Z, Louis J, Shah J. Opposing effects of MYZUS PERSICAE-INDUCED LIPASE 1 and jasmonic acid influence the outcome of Arabidopsis thaliana-Fusarium graminearum interaction. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1141-1153. [PMID: 35396792 PMCID: PMC9276950 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum (Fg) is an important fungal pathogen of small grain cereals that can also infect Arabidopsis thaliana. In Arabidopsis, jasmonic acid (JA) signalling involving JASMONATE RESISTANT 1 (JAR1), which synthesizes JA-isoleucine, a signalling form of JA, promotes susceptibility to Fg. Here we show that Arabidopsis MYZUS PERSICAE-INDUCED LIPASE 1 (MPL1), via its influence on limiting JA accumulation, restricts Fg infection. MPL1 expression was up-regulated in response to Fg infection, and MPL1-OE plants, which overexpress MPL1, exhibited enhanced resistance against Fg. In comparison, disease severity was higher on the mpl1 mutant than the wild type. JA content was lower in MPL1-OE and higher in mpl1 than in the wild type, indicating that MPL1 limits JA accumulation. Pharmacological experiments confirmed the importance of MPL1-determined restriction of JA accumulation on curtailment of Fg infection. Methyl-JA application attenuated the MPL1-OE-conferred resistance, while the JA biosynthesis inhibitor ibuprofen enhanced resistance in mpl1. Also, the JA biosynthesis-defective opr3 mutant was epistatic to mpl1, resulting in enhanced resistance in mpl1 opr3 plants. In comparison, JAR1 was not essential for the mpl1-conferred susceptibility to Fg. Considering that methyl-JA promotes Fg growth in culture, we suggest that in part MPL1 curtails disease by limiting the availability of a plant-derived Fg growth-promoting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda T. Alam
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
- BioDiscovery InstituteUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
| | - Sujon Sarowar
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
- Present address:
Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research ServiceChatsworthNew JerseyUSA
| | - Hossain A. Mondal
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
- College of Postgraduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences (CPGS‐AS)under Central Agricultural UniversityImphalIndia
| | - Ragiba Makandar
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of HyderabadGachibowliIndia
| | - Zulkarnain Chowdhury
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
- BioDiscovery InstituteUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
| | - Joe Louis
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
- Department of Entomology and Department of BiochemistryUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Jyoti Shah
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
- BioDiscovery InstituteUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
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30
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Arms Race between the Host and Pathogen Associated with Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152275. [PMID: 35892572 PMCID: PMC9332245 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), or scab, caused by Fusarium species, is an extremely destructive fungal disease in wheat worldwide. In recent decades, researchers have made unremitting efforts in genetic breeding and control technology related to FHB and have made great progress, especially in the exploration of germplasm resources resistant to FHB; identification and pathogenesis of pathogenic strains; discovery and identification of disease-resistant genes; biochemical control, and so on. However, FHB burst have not been effectively controlled and thereby pose increasingly severe threats to wheat productivity. This review focuses on recent advances in pathogenesis, resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs)/genes, resistance mechanism, and signaling pathways. We identify two primary pathogenetic patterns of Fusarium species and three significant signaling pathways mediated by UGT, WRKY, and SnRK1, respectively; many publicly approved superstar QTLs and genes are fully summarized to illustrate the pathogenetic patterns of Fusarium species, signaling behavior of the major genes, and their sophisticated and dexterous crosstalk. Besides the research status of FHB resistance, breeding bottlenecks in resistant germplasm resources are also analyzed deeply. Finally, this review proposes that the maintenance of intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species) homeostasis, regulated by several TaCERK-mediated theoretical patterns, may play an important role in plant response to FHB and puts forward some suggestions on resistant QTL/gene mining and molecular breeding in order to provide a valuable reference to contain FHB outbreaks in agricultural production and promote the sustainable development of green agriculture.
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31
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Ullah C, Schmidt A, Reichelt M, Tsai CJ, Gershenzon J. Lack of antagonism between salicylic acid and jasmonate signalling pathways in poplar. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:701-717. [PMID: 35489087 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) often play distinct roles in plant defence against pathogens. Research from Arabidopsis thaliana has established that SA- and JA-mediated defences are more effective against biotrophs and necrotrophs, respectively. These two hormones often interact antagonistically in response to particular attackers, with the induction of one leading to suppression of the other. Here, we report a contrasting pattern in the woody perennial Populus: positive SA-JA interplay. Using genetically engineered high SA lines of black poplar and wild-type lines after exogenous hormone application, we quantified SA and JA metabolites, signalling gene transcripts, antifungal flavonoids and resistance to rust (Melampsora larici-populina). Salicylic acid and JA metabolites were induced concurrently upon rust infection in poplar genotypes with varying resistance levels. Analysis of SA-hyperaccumulating transgenic poplar lines showed increased jasmonate levels, elevated flavonoid content and enhanced rust resistance, but no discernible reduction in growth. Exogenous application of either SA or JA triggered the accumulation of the other hormone. Expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, frequently used as markers for SA signalling, was not correlated with SA content, but rather activated in proportion to pathogen infection. We conclude that SA and JA pathways interact positively in poplar resulting in the accumulation of flavonoid phytoalexins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhana Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Chung-Jui Tsai
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
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Zhao L, Su P, Hou B, Wu H, Fan Y, Li W, Zhao J, Ge W, Xu S, Wu S, Ma X, Li A, Bai G, Wang H, Kong L. The Black Necrotic Lesion Enhanced Fusarium graminearum Resistance in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:926621. [PMID: 35845685 PMCID: PMC9280303 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.926621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight, mainly incited by Fusarium graminearum, is a devastating wheat disease worldwide. Diverse Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistant sources have been reported, but the resistance mechanisms of these sources remain to be investigated. FHB-resistant wheat germplasm often shows black necrotic lesions (BNLs) around the infection sites. To determine the relationship between BNL and FHB resistance, leaf tissue of a resistant wheat cultivar Sumai 3 was inoculated with four different F. graminearum isolates. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of the inoculated samples suggested that the phytohormone signaling, phenolamine, and flavonoid metabolic pathways played important roles in BNL formation that restricted F. graminearum extension. Exogenous application of flavonoid metabolites on wheat detached leaves revealed the possible contribution of flavonoids to BNL formation. Exogenous treatment of either salicylic acid (SA) or methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on wheat spikes significantly reduced the FHB severity. However, exogenous MeJA treatment prevented the BNL formation on the detached leaves of FHB-resistant wheat Sumai 3. SA signaling pathway influenced reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst to enhance BNL formation to reduce FHB severity. Three key genes in SA biosynthesis and signal transduction pathway, TaICS1, TaNPR1, and TaNPR3, positively regulated FHB resistance in wheat. A complex temporal interaction that contributed to wheat FHB resistance was detected between the SA and JA signaling pathways. Knowledge of BNLs extends our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of FHB resistance in wheat and will benefit the genetic improvement of wheat FHB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Peisen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Bingqian Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yanhui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Jinxiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Wenyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Shoushen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Shiwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Anfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Guihua Bai
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
- Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, USDA, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Lingrang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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Tang B, Zhang Z, Zhao X, Xu Y, Wang L, Chen XL, Wang W. Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals a Regulatory Network of ZmCCT During Maize Resistance to Gibberella Stalk Rot at the Early Stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:917493. [PMID: 35812937 PMCID: PMC9260664 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.917493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gibberella stalk rot (GSR) caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the most devastating diseases in maize; however, the regulatory mechanism of resistance to GSR remains largely unknown. We performed a comparative multi-omics analysis to reveal the early-stage resistance of maize to GSR. We inoculated F. graminearum to the roots of susceptible (Y331) and resistant (Y331-ΔTE) near-isogenic lines containing GSR-resistant gene ZmCCT for multi-omics analysis. Transcriptome detected a rapid reaction that confers resistance at 1-3 hpi as pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) response to GSR. Many key properties were involved in GSR resistance, including genes in photoperiod and hormone pathways of salicylic acid and auxin. The activation of programmed cell death-related genes and a number of metabolic pathways at 6 hpi might be important to prevent further colonization. This is consistent with an integrative analysis of transcriptomics and proteomics that resistant-mediated gene expression reprogramming exhibited a dynamic pattern from 3 to 6 hpi. Further metabolomics analysis revealed that the amount of many chemical compounds was altered in pathways associated with the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and the phenylalanine metabolism, which may play key roles to confer the GSR resistance. Taken together, we generated a valuable resource to interpret the defense mechanism during early GSR resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozeng Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoheng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weixiang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Choudhary AK, Singh S, Khatri N, Gupta R. Hydrogen sulphide: an emerging regulator of plant defence signalling. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:532-539. [PMID: 34904345 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide (H2 S), a gaseous signalling molecule in plants, has gained considerable attention in recent years because of its emerging roles in the regulation of plant growth and development and responses to abiotic stressors. Although the involvement of H2 S in biotic stress is not well documented in the literature, a growing body of evidence indicates its potential role in plant defence, particularly against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Recent reports have suggested that H2 S participates in plant defence signalling potentially by (1) regulating glutathione metabolism, (2) inducing expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) and other defence-related genes, (3) modulating enzyme activity through post-translational modifications, and (4) interacting with phytohormones such as jasmonic acid, ethylene and auxin. In this review, we discuss the biosynthesis, metabolism and interaction of H2 S with phytohormones, and highlight evidence gathered so far to support the emerging roles of H2 S in plant defence against invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Choudhary
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - S Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
| | - N Khatri
- Department of Botany, Dyal Singh College, New Delhi, India
| | - R Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea
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Yue L, Feng Y, Ma C, Wang C, Chen F, Cao X, Wang J, White JC, Wang Z, Xing B. Molecular Mechanisms of Early Flowering in Tomatoes Induced by Manganese Ferrite (MnFe 2O 4) Nanomaterials. ACS NANO 2022; 16:5636-5646. [PMID: 35362964 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) have demonstrated enormous potential to improve agricultural production. Ten mg L-1 of customized manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) NMs was selected as the optimal dose based on its outstanding effects on promoting tomato flowering and production. After the foliar application before flowering, MnFe2O4 NMs increased the leaf chlorophyll content by 20 percent, and significantly upregulated the expressions of ferredoxin, PsaA, and PsbA in leaves, likely by serving as an electron donor, leading to a significant increase in photosynthesis efficiency by 13.3%. Long distance transport of sucrose was then confirmed by the upregulation of sucrose transporter SUT1 and SUT2 in NM-treated leaves and meristems. The genes associated with gibberellin biosynthesis, including GA20ox2, GA20ox3, and SIGAST, and a flowering induction gene SFT, were also significantly upregulated. Importantly, the flowering time was 13 days earlier by MnFe2O4 NMs over the control. At the reproductive stage, MnFe2O4 NMs increased pollen activity and ovule size, leading to the significant increase in fruit number per plant, single fruit weight, and fruit weight per plant by 50%, 30%, and 75%, respectively. Metabolically, a significant increase of glucose-6-phosphate, phenylalanine, rutin, and ascorbic acid (vitamin C), as well as a significant decrease of tomatine and methionine, demonstrates an increased nutritional value of the tomato fruits. A verified companion field experiment showed an increase of 84.1% in total tomato production with the MnFe2O4 NM amendment. These findings provide support for the early flowering and yield improvement in nano-enabled agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yue
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chuanxin Ma
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Feiran Chen
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xuesong Cao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Rojas EC, Jensen B, Jørgensen HJL, Latz MAC, Esteban P, Collinge DB. The Fungal Endophyte Penicillium olsonii ML37 Reduces Fusarium Head Blight by Local Induced Resistance in Wheat Spikes. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040345. [PMID: 35448576 PMCID: PMC9025337 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal endophyte Penicillium olsonii ML37 is a biocontrol agent of Fusarium head blight in wheat (caused by Fusarium graminearum), which has shown a limited direct inhibition of fungal growth in vitro. We used RNA-seq and LC-MS/MS analyses to elucidate metabolic interactions of the three-way system Penicillium–wheat–Fusarium in greenhouse experiments. We demonstrated that P. olsonii ML37 colonises wheat spikes and transiently activates plant defence mechanisms, as pretreated spikes show a faster and stronger expression of the defence metabolism during the first 24 h after pathogen inoculation. This effect was transient and the expression of the same genes was lower in the pathogen-infected spikes than in those infected by P. olsonii alone. This response to the endophyte includes the transcriptional activation of several WRKY transcription factors. This early activation is associated with a reduction in FHB symptoms and significantly lower levels of the F. graminearum metabolites 15-acetyl-DON and culmorin. An increase in the Penicillium-associated metabolite asperphanamate confirms colonisation by the endophyte. Our results suggest that the mode of action used by P. olsonii ML37 is via a local defence activation in wheat spikes, and that this fungus has potential as a novel biological alternative in wheat disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C. Rojas
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.J.); (P.E.)
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Chr Hansen A/S, Højbakkegård Alle 30, 2630 Tåstrup, Denmark
- Correspondence: (E.C.R.); (D.B.C.); Tel.: +45-353-33356 (D.B.C.)
| | - Birgit Jensen
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.J.); (P.E.)
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
| | - Hans J. L. Jørgensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Meike A. C. Latz
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark
- SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Pilar Esteban
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.J.); (P.E.)
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Agro-Environmental Sciences, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - David B. Collinge
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.J.); (P.E.)
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.R.); (D.B.C.); Tel.: +45-353-33356 (D.B.C.)
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Wu F, Zhou Y, Shen Y, Sun Z, Li L, Li T. Linking Multi-Omics to Wheat Resistance Types to Fusarium Head Blight to Reveal the Underlying Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042280. [PMID: 35216395 PMCID: PMC8880642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is a worldwide disease which has destructive effects on wheat production, resulting in severe yield reduction and quality deterioration, while FHB-infected wheat grains are toxic to people and animals due to accumulation of fungal toxins. Although impressive progress towards understanding host resistance has been achieved, our knowledge of the mechanism underlying host resistance is still quite limited due to the complexity of wheat-pathogen interactions. In recent years, disease epidemics, the resistance germplasms and components, the genetic mechanism of FHB, and disease management and control, etc., have been well reviewed. However, the resistance mechanism of FHB is quite complex with Type I, II to V resistances. In this review, we focus on the potential resistance mechanisms by linking different resistance types to multi-omics and emphasize the pathways or genes that may play significant roles in the different types of resistance. Deciphering the complicated mechanism of FHB resistance types in wheat at the integral levels based on multi-omics may help discover the genes or pathways that are critical for different FHB resistance, which could then be utilized and manipulated to improve FHB resistance in wheat breeding programs by using transgenic approaches, gene editing, or marker assisted selection strategies.
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Thakur RK, Prasad P, Bhardwaj SC, Gangwar OP, Kumar S. Epigenetics of wheat-rust interaction: an update. PLANTA 2022; 255:50. [PMID: 35084577 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The outcome of different host-pathogen interactions is influenced by both genetic and epigenetic systems, which determine the response of plants to pathogens and vice versa. This review highlights key molecular mechanisms and conceptual advances involved in epigenetic research and the progress made in epigenetics of wheat-rust interactions. Epigenetics implies the heritable changes in the way of gene expression as a consequence of the modification of DNA bases, histone proteins, and/or non-coding-RNA biogenesis without disturbing the underlying nucleotide sequence. The changes occurring between DNA and its surrounding chromatin without altering its DNA sequence and leading to significant changes in the genome of any organism are called epigenetic changes. Epigenetics has already been used successfully to explain the mechanism of human pathogens and in the identification of pathogen-induced modifications within various host plants. Wheat rusts are one of the most vital fungal diseases throughout the major wheat-growing areas of the world. The epigenome in plant pathogens causing diseases such as wheat rusts is mysterious. The investigations of host and pathogen epigenetics in the wheat rusts system can offer a piece of suitable evidence for elucidation of the molecular basis of host-pathogen interaction. Besides, the information on the epigenetic regulation of the genes involved in resistance or pathogenicity will provide better insights into the complex resistance signaling pathways and could provide answers to certain key questions, such as whether epigenetic regulation of certain genes is imparting resistance to host in response of certain pathogen elicitors or not. In the last few years, there has been an upsurge in research on the host as well as pathogen epigenetics and its outcome in plant-pathogen interactions. This review summarizes the progress made in the areas related to the epigenetic control of host-pathogen interaction with particular emphasis on wheat rusts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Kant Thakur
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Regional Station, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171002, India
| | - Pramod Prasad
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Regional Station, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171002, India.
| | - S C Bhardwaj
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Regional Station, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171002, India.
| | - O P Gangwar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Regional Station, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171002, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Regional Station, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171002, India
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Deciphering the Genome-Wide Transcriptomic Changes during Interactions of Resistant and Susceptible Genotypes of American Elm with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020120. [PMID: 35205874 PMCID: PMC8874831 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dutch elm disease (DED), caused by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi (Onu), is a destructive disease of American elm (Ulmus americana L.). The molecular mechanisms of resistance and susceptibility against DED in American elm are still largely uncharacterized. In the present study, we performed a de novo transcriptome (RNA-sequencing; RNA-Seq) assembly of U. americana and compared the gene expression in a resistant genotype, ’Valley Forge’, and a susceptible (S) elm genotype at 0 and 96 h post-inoculation of Onu. A total of 85,863 non-redundant unigenes were identified. Compared to the previously characterized U. minor transcriptome, U. americana has 35,290 similar and 55,499 unique genes. The transcriptomic variations between ‘Valley Forge’ and ‘S’ were found primarily in the photosynthesis and primary metabolism, which were highly upregulated in the susceptible genotype irrespective of the Onu inoculation. The resistance to DED was associated with the activation of RPM1-mediated effector-triggered immunity that was demonstrated by the upregulation of genes involved in the phenylpropanoids biosynthesis and PR genes. The most significantly enriched gene ontology (GO) terms in response to Onu were response to stimulus (GO:0006950), response to stress (GO:0050896), and secondary metabolic process (GO:0008152) in both genotypes. However, only in the resistant genotype, the defense response (GO:0006952) was among the topmost significantly enriched GO terms. Our findings revealed the molecular regulations of DED resistance and susceptibility and provide a platform for marker-assisted breeding of resistant American elm genotypes.
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Ding Y, Gardiner DM, Kazan K. Transcriptome analysis reveals infection strategies employed by Fusarium graminearum as a root pathogen. Microbiol Res 2021; 256:126951. [PMID: 34972022 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum (Fg) infects both heads and roots of cereal crops causing several economically important diseases such as head blight, seedling blight, crown rot and root rot. Trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON), a well-known virulence factor, produced by Fg during disease development is also an important health concern. Although how Fg infects above-ground tissues is relatively well studied, very little is known about molecular processes employed by the pathogen during below-ground infection. Also unknown is the role of DON during root infection. In the present study, we analyzed the transcriptome of Fg during root infection of the model cereal Brachypodium distachyon (Bd). We also compared our Fg transcriptome data obtained during Bd root infection with those reported during wheat head infection. These analyses suggested that both shared and unique infection strategies were employed by the pathogen during colonization of different host tissues. Several metabolite biosynthesis genes induced in Fg during root infection could be linked to phytohormone production, implying that the pathogen likely interferes with root specific defenses. In addition, to understand the role of DON in Fg root infection, we analyzed the transcriptome of the DON deficient Tri5 mutant. These analyses showed that the absence of DON had a significant effect on fungal transcriptional responses. Although DON was produced in infected roots, this mycotoxin did not act as a Fg virulence factor during root infection. Our results reveal new mechanistic insights into the below-ground strategies employed by Fg that may benefit the development of new genetic tools to combat this important cereal pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- The Plant Breeding Institute, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, 2570, New South Wales, Australia; Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, 4067, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Donald M Gardiner
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, 4067, Queensland, Australia; Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, 4067, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kemal Kazan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, 4067, Queensland, Australia; Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, 4067, Queensland, Australia.
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Huang Y, Yin L, Sallam AH, Heinen S, Li L, Beaubien K, Dill-Macky R, Dong Y, Steffenson BJ, Smith KP, Muehlbauer GJ. Genetic dissection of a pericentromeric region of barley chromosome 6H associated with Fusarium head blight resistance, grain protein content and agronomic traits. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:3963-3981. [PMID: 34455452 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03941-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fine mapping of barley 6H pericentromeric region identified FHB QTL with opposite effects, and high grain protein content was associated with increased FHB severity. Resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), kernel discoloration (KD), deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation and grain protein content (GPC) are important traits for breeding malting barley varieties. Previous work mapped a Chevron-derived FHB QTL to the pericentromeric region of 6H, coinciding with QTL for KD resistance and GPC. The Chevron allele reduced FHB and KD, but unfavorably increased GPC. To determine whether the correlations are caused by linkage or pleiotropy, a fine mapping approach was used to dissect the QTL underlying these quality and disease traits. Two populations, referred to as Gen10 and Gen10/Lacey, derived from a recombinant near-isogenic line (rNIL) were developed. Recombinants were phenotyped for FHB, KD, DON, GPC and other agronomic traits. Three FHB, two DON and two KD QTLs were identified. One of the three FHB QTLs, one DON QTL and one KD QTL were coincident with the GPC QTL, which contains the Hv-NAM1 locus affecting grain protein accumulation. The Chevron allele at the GPC QTL increased GPC and FHB and decreased DON and KD. The other two FHB QTL and the other DON and KD QTL were identified in the regions flanking the Hv-NAM1 locus, and the Chevron alleles decreased FHB, DON and KD. Our results suggested that the QTL associated with FHB, KD, DON and GPC in the pericentromeric region of 6H was controlled by both pleiotropy and tightly linked loci. The rNILs identified in this study with low FHB severity and moderate GPC may be used for breeding malting barley cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Huang
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Lu Yin
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Ahmad H Sallam
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Shane Heinen
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Karen Beaubien
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Ruth Dill-Macky
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Yanhong Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Brian J Steffenson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Kevin P Smith
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Gary J Muehlbauer
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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Manes N, Brauer EK, Hepworth S, Subramaniam R. MAMP and DAMP signaling contributes resistance to Fusarium graminearum in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6628-6639. [PMID: 34405877 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants perceive externally produced microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and endogenously produced danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to activate inducible immunity. While several inducible immune responses have been observed during Fusarium graminearum infection, the identity of the signaling pathways involved is only partly known. We screened 227 receptor kinase and innate immune response genes in Arabidopsis to identify nine genes with a role in F. graminearum resistance. Resistance-promoting genes included the chitin receptors LYK5 and CERK1, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing NADPH oxidase RbohF, which were required for full inducible immune responses during infection. Two of the genes identified in our screen, APEX and the PAMP-induced peptide 1 (PIP1) DAMP receptor RLK7, repressed F. graminearum resistance. Both RbohF and RLK7 were required for full chitin-induced immune responses and PIP1 precursor expression was induced by chitin and F. graminearum infection. Together, this indicates that F. graminearum resistance is mediated by MAMP and DAMP signaling pathways and that chitin-induced signaling is enhanced by PIP1 perception and ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimrat Manes
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
- Carleton University, Department of Biology, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth K Brauer
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Shelley Hepworth
- Carleton University, Department of Biology, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Rajagopal Subramaniam
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
- Carleton University, Department of Biology, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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Mo S, Zhang Y, Wang X, Yang J, Sun Z, Zhang D, Chen B, Wang G, Ke H, Liu Z, Meng C, Li Z, Wu L, Zhang G, Duan H, Ma Z. Cotton GhSSI2 isoforms from the stearoyl acyl carrier protein fatty acid desaturase family regulate Verticillium wilt resistance. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:1041-1056. [PMID: 34169624 PMCID: PMC8358998 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are major and essential constituents of plant cells and provide energy for various metabolic processes. However, the function of the lipid signal in defence against Verticillium dahliae, a hemibiotrophic pathogen, remains unknown. Here, we characterized 19 conserved stearoyl-ACP desaturase family proteins from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). We further confirmed that GhSSI2 isoforms, including GhSSI2-A, GhSSI2-B, and GhSSI2-C located on chromosomes A10, D10, and A12, respectively, played a dominant role to the cotton 18:1 (oleic acid) pool. Suppressing the expression of GhSSI2s reduced the 18:1 level, which autoactivated the hypersensitive response (HR) and enhanced cotton Verticillium wilt and Fusarium wilt resistance. We found that low 18:1 levels induced phenylalanine ammonia-lyase-mediated salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and activated a SA-independent defence response in GhSSI2s-silenced cotton, whereas suppressing expression of GhSSI2s affected PDF1.2-dependent jasmonic acid (JA) perception but not the biosynthesis and signalling cascade of JA. Further investigation showed that structurally divergent resistance-related genes and nitric oxide (NO) signal were activated in GhSSI2s-silenced cotton. Taken together, these results indicate that SA-independent defence response, multiple resistance-related proteins, and elevated NO level play an important role in GhSSI2s-regulated Verticillium wilt resistance. These findings broaden our knowledge regarding the lipid signal in disease resistance and provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of cotton fungal disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojing Mo
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Xingfen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Zhengwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Guoning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Huifeng Ke
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Zhengwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Chengsheng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Zhikun Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Liqiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Guiyin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Huijun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Zhiying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
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Zhao Y, Jing H, Zhao P, Chen W, Li X, Sang X, Lu J, Wang H. GhTBL34 Is Associated with Verticillium Wilt Resistance in Cotton. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9115. [PMID: 34502024 PMCID: PMC8431740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt (VW) is a typical fungal disease affecting the yield and quality of cotton. The Trichome Birefringence-Like protein (TBL) is an acetyltransferase involved in the acetylation process of cell wall polysaccharides. Up to now, there are no reports on whether the TBL gene is related to disease resistance in cotton. In this study, we cloned a cotton TBL34 gene located in the confidence interval of a major VW resistance quantitative trait loci and demonstrated its relationship with VW resistance in cotton. Analyzing the sequence variations in resistant and susceptible accessions detected two elite alleles GhTBL34-2 and GhTBL34-3, mainly presented in resistant cotton lines whose disease index was significantly lower than that of susceptible lines carrying the allele GhTBL34-1. Comparing the TBL34 protein sequences showed that two amino acid differences in the TBL (PMR5N) domain changed the susceptible allele GhTBL34-1 into the resistant allele GhTBL34-2 (GhTBL34-3). Expression analysis showed that the TBL34 was obviously up-regulated by infection of Verticillium dahliae and exogenous treatment of ethylene (ET), and salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonate (JA) in cotton. VIGS experiments demonstrated that silencing of TBL34 reduced VW resistance in cotton. We deduced that the TBL34 gene mediating acetylation of cell wall polysaccharides might be involved in the regulation of resistance to VW in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (H.J.); (P.Z.); (W.C.); (X.S.); (J.L.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Huijuan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (H.J.); (P.Z.); (W.C.); (X.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Pei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (H.J.); (P.Z.); (W.C.); (X.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (H.J.); (P.Z.); (W.C.); (X.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Xuelin Li
- Agricultural College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China;
| | - Xiaohui Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (H.J.); (P.Z.); (W.C.); (X.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (H.J.); (P.Z.); (W.C.); (X.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (H.J.); (P.Z.); (W.C.); (X.S.); (J.L.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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Changes in Photosynthesis Could Provide Important Insight into the Interaction between Wheat and Fungal Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168865. [PMID: 34445571 PMCID: PMC8396289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a universal process for plant survival, and immune defense is also a key process in adapting to the growth environment. Various studies have indicated that these two processes are interconnected in a complex network. Photosynthesis can influence signaling pathways and provide both materials and energy for immune defense, while the immune defense process can also have feedback effects on photosynthesis. Pathogen infection inevitably leads to changes in photosynthesis parameters, including Pn, Gs, and Ci; biochemical materials such as SOD and CAT; signaling molecules such as H2O2 and hormones; and the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis. Some researchers have found that changes in photosynthesis activity are related to the resistance level of the host, the duration after infection, and the infection position (photosynthetic source or sink). Interactions between wheat and the main fungal pathogens, such as Puccinia striiformis, Blumeria graminis, and Fusarium graminearum, constitute an ideal study system to elucidate the relationship between changes in host photosynthesis and resistance levels, based on the accessibility of methods for artificially controlling infection and detecting changes in photosynthesis, the presence of multiple pathogens infecting different positions, and the abundance of host materials with various resistance levels. This review is written only from the perspective of plant pathologists, and after providing an overview of the available data, we generally found that changes in photosynthesis in the early stage of pathogen infection could be a causal factor influencing acquired resistance, while those in the late stage could be the result of resistance formation.
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Tucker JR, Legge WG, Maiti S, Hiebert CW, Simsek S, Yao Z, Xu W, Badea A, Fernando WGD. Transcriptome Alterations of an in vitro-Selected, Moderately Resistant, Two-Row Malting Barley in Response to 3ADON, 15ADON, and NIV Chemotypes of Fusarium graminearum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:701969. [PMID: 34456945 PMCID: PMC8385242 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.701969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is a devastating disease of malting barley. Mycotoxins associated with contaminated grain can be transferred from malt to beer and pose a health risk to consumers. In western Canada, F. graminearum has undergone an adaptive shift from 15ADON constituency to dominance by virulent 3ADON-producers; likewise, NIV-producers have established in regions of southern United States. Lack of adapted resistance sources with adequate malting quality has promoted the use of alternative breeding methodologies, such as in vitro selection. We studied the low-deoxynivalenol characteristic of in vitro selected, two-row malting barley variety "Norman" by RNAseq in contrast to its parental line "CDC Kendall," when infected by 15ADON-, 3ADON-, and NIV-producing isolates of F. graminearum. The current study documents higher mycotoxin accumulation by 3ADON isolates, thereby representing increased threat to barley production. At 72-96-h post infection, significant alterations in transcription patterns were observed in both varieties with pronounced upregulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway and detoxification gene categories (UGT, GST, CyP450, and ABC), particularly in 3ADON treatment. Defense response was multitiered, where differential expression in "Norman" associated with antimicrobial peptides (thionin 2.1, defensing, non-specific lipid-transfer protein) and stress-related proteins, such as late embryogenesis abundant proteins, heat-shock, desiccation related, and a peroxidase (HvPrx5). Several gene targets identified in "Norman" would be useful for application of breeding varieties with reduced deoxynivalenol content.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Tucker
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - William G. Legge
- Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Sujit Maiti
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Colin W. Hiebert
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Senay Simsek
- Department of Plant Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Zhen Yao
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Wayne Xu
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Ana Badea
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB, Canada
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Tente E, Ereful N, Rodriguez AC, Grant P, O'Sullivan DM, Boyd LA, Gordon A. Reprogramming of the wheat transcriptome in response to infection with Claviceps purpurea, the causal agent of ergot. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:316. [PMID: 34215204 PMCID: PMC8252325 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ergot, caused by the fungal pathogen Claviceps purpurea, infects the female flowers of a range of cereal crops, including wheat. To understand the interaction between C. purpurea and hexaploid wheat we undertook an extensive examination of the reprogramming of the wheat transcriptome in response to C. purpurea infection through floral tissues (i.e. the stigma, transmitting and base ovule tissues of the ovary) and over time. RESULTS C. purpurea hyphae were observed to have grown into and down the stigma at 24 h (H) after inoculation. By 48H hyphae had grown through the transmitting tissue into the base, while by 72H hyphae had surrounded the ovule. By 5 days (D) the ovule had been replaced by fungal tissue. Differential gene expression was first observed at 1H in the stigma tissue. Many of the wheat genes differentially transcribed in response to C. purpurea infection were associated with plant hormones and included the ethylene (ET), auxin, cytokinin, gibberellic acid (GA), salicylic acid and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic and signaling pathways. Hormone-associated genes were first detected in the stigma and base tissues at 24H, but not in the transmitting tissue. Genes associated with GA and JA pathways were seen in the stigma at 24H, while JA and ET-associated genes were identified in the base at 24H. In addition, several defence-related genes were differential expressed in response to C. purpurea infection, including antifungal proteins, endocytosis/exocytosis-related proteins, NBS-LRR class proteins, genes involved in programmed cell death, receptor protein kinases and transcription factors. Of particular interest was the identification of differential expression of wheat genes in the base tissue well before the appearance of fungal hyphae, suggesting that a mobile signal, either pathogen or plant-derived, is delivered to the base prior to colonisation. CONCLUSIONS Multiple host hormone biosynthesis and signalling pathways were significantly perturbed from an early stage in the wheat - C. purpurea interaction. Differential gene expression at the base of the ovary, ahead of arrival of the pathogen, indicated the potential presence of a long-distance signal modifying host gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Tente
- NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Nelzo Ereful
- NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
- Philippine Genome Center, Plant Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Breeding, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Laguna, The Philippines
| | | | - Paul Grant
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
- Present Address: Microsoft Research, 21 Station Road, Cambridge, CB1 2FB, UK
| | - Donal M O'Sullivan
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Lesley A Boyd
- NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK.
| | - Anna Gordon
- NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
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Buerstmayr M, Wagner C, Nosenko T, Omony J, Steiner B, Nussbaumer T, Mayer KFX, Buerstmayr H. Fusarium head blight resistance in European winter wheat: insights from genome-wide transcriptome analysis. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:470. [PMID: 34167474 PMCID: PMC8228913 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat worldwide. Resistance to FHB is quantitatively controlled by the combined effects of many small to medium effect QTL. Flowering traits, especially the extent of extruded anthers, are strongly associated with FHB resistance. Results To characterize the genetic basis of FHB resistance, we generated and analyzed phenotypic and gene expression data on the response to Fusarium graminearum (Fg) infection in 96 European winter wheat genotypes, including several lines containing introgressions from the highly resistant Asian cultivar Sumai3. The 96 lines represented a broad range in FHB resistance and were assigned to sub-groups based on their phenotypic FHB severity score. Comparative analyses were conducted to connect sub-group-specific expression profiles in response to Fg infection with FHB resistance level. Collectively, over 12,300 wheat genes were Fusarium responsive. The core set of genes induced in response to Fg was common across different resistance groups, indicating that the activation of basal defense response mechanisms was largely independent of the resistance level of the wheat line. Fg-induced genes tended to have higher expression levels in more susceptible genotypes. Compared to the more susceptible non-Sumai3 lines, the Sumai3-derivatives demonstrated higher constitutive expression of genes associated with cell wall and plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis and higher constitutive and Fg-induced expression of genes involved in terpene metabolism. Gene expression analysis of the FHB QTL Qfhs.ifa-5A identified a constitutively expressed gene encoding a stress response NST1-like protein (TraesCS5A01G211300LC) as a candidate gene for FHB resistance. NST1 genes are key regulators of secondary cell wall biosynthesis in anther endothecium cells. Whether the stress response NST1-like gene affects anther extrusion, thereby affecting FHB resistance, needs further investigation. Conclusion Induced and preexisting cell wall components and terpene metabolites contribute to resistance and limit fungal colonization early on. In contrast, excessive gene expression directs plant defense response towards programmed cell death which favors necrotrophic growth of the Fg pathogen and could thus lead to increased fungal colonization. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07800-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Buerstmayr
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria, Department of Agrobiotechnology - IFA Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, Konrad Lorenz Str 20, Tulln, Austria.
| | - Christian Wagner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria, Department of Agrobiotechnology - IFA Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, Konrad Lorenz Str 20, Tulln, Austria
| | - Tetyana Nosenko
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, PGSB Plant Genome and Systems Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS) at the Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (BIOP), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jimmy Omony
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, PGSB Plant Genome and Systems Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, Institut für Asthma- und Allergieprävention (IAP), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Steiner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria, Department of Agrobiotechnology - IFA Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, Konrad Lorenz Str 20, Tulln, Austria
| | - Thomas Nussbaumer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, Institute of Network Biology (INET), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA-T, Technical University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Klaus F X Mayer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, PGSB Plant Genome and Systems Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Buerstmayr
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria, Department of Agrobiotechnology - IFA Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, Konrad Lorenz Str 20, Tulln, Austria
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Sun Y, Ruan X, Wang Q, Zhou Y, Wang F, Ma L, Wang Z, Gao X. Integrated Gene Co-expression Analysis and Metabolites Profiling Highlight the Important Role of ZmHIR3 in Maize Resistance to Gibberella Stalk Rot. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:664733. [PMID: 34046051 PMCID: PMC8144520 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.664733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Gibberella stalk rot (GSR) caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the most devastating diseases causing significant yield loss of maize, and GSR resistance is a quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. Although a few quantitative trait loci/resistance genes have been identified, the molecular mechanisms underlying GSR resistance remain largely unexplored. To identify potential resistance genes and to better understand the molecular mechanism of GSR resistance, a joint analysis using a comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches was conducted using two inbred lines with contrasting GSR resistance, K09 (resistant) and A08 (susceptible), upon infection with F. graminearum. While a substantial number of differentially expressed genes associated with various defense-related signaling pathways were identified between two lines, multiple hub genes likely associated with GSR resistance were pinpointed using Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis and K-means clustering. Moreover, a core set of metabolites, including anthocyanins, associated with the hub genes was determined. Among the complex co-expression networks, ZmHIR3 showed strong correlation with multiple key genes, and genetic and histological studies showed that zmhir3 mutant is more susceptible to GSR, accompanied by enhanced cell death in the stem in response to infection with F. graminearum. Taken together, our study identified differentially expressed key genes and metabolites, as well as co-expression networks associated with distinct infection stages of F. graminearum. Moreover, ZmHIR3 likely plays a positive role in disease resistance to GSR, probably through the transcriptional regulation of key genes, functional metabolites, and the control of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinsen Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiquan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Wu Z, Wang G, Zhang B, Dai T, Gu A, Li X, Cheng X, Liu P, Hao J, Liu X. Metabolic Mechanism of Plant Defense against Rice Blast Induced by Probenazole. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040246. [PMID: 33923492 PMCID: PMC8073365 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The probenazole fungicide is used for controlling rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea) primarily by inducing disease resistance of the plant. To investigate the mechanism of induced plant defense, rice seedlings were treated with probenazole at 15 days post emergence, and non-treated plants were used for the control. The plants were infected with M. grisea 5 days after chemical treatment and incubated in a greenhouse. After 7 days, rice seedlings were sampled. The metabolome of rice seedlings was chemically extracted and analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrum (GC-MS). The GC-MS data were processed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA) and metabolic pathway elucidation. Results showed that probenazole application significantly affected the metabolic profile of rice seedlings, and the effect was proportionally leveraged with the increase of probenazole concentration. Probenazole resulted in a change of 54 metabolites. Salicylic acid, γ-aminobutyrate, shikimate and several other primary metabolites related to plant resistance were significantly up-regulated and some metabolites such as phenylalanine, valine and proline were down-regulated in probenazole-treated seedlings. These results revealed a metabolic pathway of rice seedlings induced by probenazole treatment regarding the resistance to M. grisea infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaochen Wu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.W.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (T.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Guozhen Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.W.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (T.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Borui Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.W.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (T.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Tan Dai
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.W.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (T.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Anyu Gu
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (A.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (A.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Xingkai Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.W.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (T.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Pengfei Liu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.W.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (T.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jianjun Hao
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA;
| | - Xili Liu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.W.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (T.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.)
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